Emerging Resistance in Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Clinical Samples in Lahore, Pakistan: A Current Epilogue
Emerging Resistance in Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Clinical Samples in Lahore, Pakistan: A Current Epilogue
Mehwish Saleem Khan* and Sumama Farooq
ABSTRACT
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria develop number of mechanisms to protect themselves against the action of antibiotics. Antibiotics are chemical substances which bacteria and fungi produce either to inhibit or kill the other microbes. Antibiotics are classified on the basis of their structure and mode of action. Bacteria resist antibiotics by inactivating the drugs, altering the target site, chemically modifying the antibiotics and by ribosomal splitting. Antibiotic resistance can be intrinsic or extrinsic. Bacteria transfer resistance to other microbes through conjugation, transformation and transduction. The present study was conducted at Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore in order to study the resistance pattern of gram-negative bacteria. Females are more prone to infections as compared to males due to anatomical, physiological, behavioral and hormonal imbalance that’s why majority of samples (33/60) were obtained from females as compared to males (27/60). From these collected samples exceeding numbers were of blood samples (20/60) followed by urine samples (18/60), pus samples (12/60) and (10/60) samples were of sputum. Bacterial isolates contained higher numbers of E.coli (30/60), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13/60), then Klebsiella (12/60) and minimum number was of Proteus spp. (5/60). Family Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are responsible for infections of brain, eyes, ears, digestive tract, respiratory tract and urinary tract. It has become difficult to treat these infections as these microbes have become resistant to variety of antibiotics. Due to multidrug resistance only few choices are left to treat the bacterial infections.
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