Impact of Bentonite, Humic Acid or Zeolite Levels with Soybean, Sunflower or Cottonseed Meals as Dietary Protein Sources on In vitro Rumen Fermentation
Impact of Bentonite, Humic Acid or Zeolite Levels with Soybean, Sunflower or Cottonseed Meals as Dietary Protein Sources on In vitro Rumen Fermentation
Shorouk Aladdin Helmy1, Hossam Mahrous Ebeid2*, Mohamed Ahmed Hanafy1, Adel Eid Mohamed Mahmoud1, Reham Roshdy Ali El-tanany1
ABSTRACT
Clays such as bentonite, humic acid, and zeolite are frequently suggested to have a special buffer role in the modulating capacity of rumen cation exchange in livestock diets to reduce ammonia emissions and modulate rumen fermentation. An in vitro experiment was conducted to determine the effect of adding three different clay minerals in four levels of each, as follows: humic acid (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%); zeolite (0.0, 1.25, 2.5, and 5%); or bentonite (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 %) with three different protein sources, (soybeans, sunflowers, or cottonseed meals) on a dry matter basis. All rations were incubated in a rumen culture medium collected from sheep in a 3 (sources of clay), 4 (levels of clay), and 3 (protein sources) factorial design. All rations were prepared to be iso-nitrogenous. The results illustrated that humic acid addition had made a significant difference on the amount of degradable dry matter (dDM, g/kg DM), total gas production, per (ml) and (g/kg DM) for the 3 protein sources (soybean, sunflower, and cottonseed meals). All protein sources rations revealed significant linear and quadratic decreases for total gas production (TGP), ml and TGP, g/kg DM with zeolite. Moreover, zeolite has increased (P = 0.013) in dDM at 5% zeolite, but has decreased NH3-N concentration (P = 0.009) with the cottonseed ration. Bentonite rations had quadratically increased (P = 0.01) in NH3-N concentrations, but the TGP (ml) and TGP (g/kg DM) were linearly decreased with bentonite addition but linearly increased in soybean and sunflower rations. No significant difference was observed for cottonseeds and bentonite addition. The interaction between bentonite and the type of protein source had no significant difference either. In conclusion, addition of clay to different protein sources had different responses (positive, negative, and no effect) on dDM, pH, reducing ammonia emission and TGP in rumen fermentation.
Keywords | Clay, Bentonite, Zeolite, Humic acid, Rumen fermentation.
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