Interaction between Meloidogyne javanica and Ralstonia solanacearum in Chili
Interaction between Meloidogyne javanica and Ralstonia solanacearum in Chili
Ali Asghar1*, Tariq Mukhtar1, Muhammad Usman Raja1 and Asim Gulzar2
ABSTRACT
The information on the interaction between root-knot nematodes and bacterial wilt is lacking in chili, therefore, in the present study, effects of Meloidogyne javanica and Ralstonia solanacearum were studied on chili singly and in combinations. Significant effects of M. javanica and R. solanacearum and their interaction were observed in case of shoot and root lengths and weights of chili. The mean lengths and weights of shoot and root varied significantly as a result of both the pathogens applied singly and in combinations. The reductions in these parameters were significantly higher when both the pathogens were applied simultaneously as compared to their sole applications. Similarly, at higher inoculum densities, the reductions were the maximum in all these parameters. Significant variations were observed in number of galls and egg masses per root system in response to both the pathogens applied individually and in combinations. Maximum numbers of galls and egg masses were observed where nematode was applied alone. Significant reductions in galls and egg masses were recorded where nematode and the bacterium were applied in combinations. At higher densities of both the pathogens, the reductions in these parameters were the maximum. The first wilt appearance was observed after 8 days in the treatment where both the pathogens were applied at their highest densities. The treatments where bacterium was applied individually at different densities, wilt took maximum days to appear as compared to the treatments where bacterium and nematodes were applied in combinations. Similarly, the incidence of bacterial wilt was lower where the nematode was absent. Minimum wilt incidence was recorded at the lowest density of R. solanacearum. The wilt incidence increased significantly when nematode was inoculated along with the bacterium and maximum incidence was recorded where both the pathogens were applied at their highest densities.
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August 2020
Vol. 52, Iss. 4, Pages 1225-1630
