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James Ayukepi Ayukekbong1,2

E-mail | [email protected]

... revealed dengue IgG seroprevalence of 73% and malaria prevalence of 80% in some areas of the country. The diagnosis of the disease is further complicated by the fact that, dengue fever mimics malaria fever and the prevalence of dengue-malaria co-infection is high. Differential diagnosis of fever is therefore necessary to initiate the appropriate clinical care. Despite the endemicity of de...

Nayle Maria Oliveira da Silva1*, Ricardo do Carmo Zanella2

 

...ontracting HCV, and high prevalence rates have been found in hemodialysis units around the world. HCV induces chronic liver disease, which is characterized by a persistent hepatic parenchyma inflammatory process that may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. Viral clearance occurs in a minority of patients with viral hepatitis C, whereas chronic infection is established in 60 to 80% of all cases, 20 to 40% of which may evolve to cirrhosis and hepatocarcin...

Oladipo Elijah Kolawole*, Oloke Julius Kola, Awoyelu Elukunbi Hilda, Olasunmibo Oluwatobi Gabriel, Ogunyale Tolulope Temitope

E-mail | koladipo2k3@ yahoo.co.uk

...t to determine the sero- prevalence of Hepatitis E among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Ogbomoso. The blood sample of consented two hundred and seventy five (275) subjects were obtained and their sera were screened for antibodies to HEV using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Samples were collected over a period of 4 months (September – December, 2014). The mean age and mean CD4+ count of the subjects were 40.14±0.47 years and...

Rodolfo Villagra-Blanco1*, Gaby Dolz1, Danilo Montero-Caballero2, Juan Jose Romero-Zuniga2

...%, as well as an overall prevalence of 80.8 %. The within flock seropositivity percentages ranged between 0% and 100.0%. Flocks with the highest seropositivity were found in low altitude regions close to the coast. Risk and protective factors determined in the present study were not in accordance with this insect borne disease. The results of this study indicate that BTV is endemic in sheep herds from Costa Rica, and animals seem not show clinical signs. We re...

Youssef Lhor1*, Mounir Khayli1, Mohamed Bouslikhane2, Mehdi El Harrak3, Ouafaa Fassi Fihri2

Email: [email protected]

...2.21-2.72%). The rate of prevalence of these species was bi-phasic and higher from April to June, and October to November 2009. Interestingly, the infectivity rate of BTV was also higher during these periods indicating that high risk of infection is directly proportional to that of transmission vectors. Moreover, results demonstrate that the life stage “bumper” of the female imicola is the indicator of the infecting activity of ...

Moustafa Kardjadj

...d ungulates. Wide prevalence of the disease in Asia and Africa associated with huge economic losses to livestock farming and industry has increased global concern for the disease. Currently, 3 serotypes of FMD virus (O, A and SAT-2) and 06 lineage are circulating in the North Africa, of which serotype O is responsible for most of the outbreaks. However, the rapid spread of SAT2 and other exotic FMDV lineages in L...

Ahmed Zein Mahmoud1, Muaz Abdellatif 2, 3*, Luai Shazali1

...sent study describes the prevalence of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus antibodies in sheep, goats and camels at Hail, Bagaa, Shenan and Ghazalah, Saudi Arabia. Serum samples (n=400), collected during 2012–2013 from sick and clinically healthy herds, were subjected to antibodies detection using c-ELISA. Out of examined animals, 83 (62.9%) goats and 70 (33.2%) sheep were detected positive against PPRV antibodies, whereas camels appeared to be serone...

 Inamullah Khan, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi, Rajwali Khan, Syed Muhammad Sohail, Ijaz Ahmad, Muhammad Shoaib and Asim Ijaz

...screen out. Overall sero-prevalence in cattle was 15.36% on SPAT, 14.39% by i-ELISA and 14.14% through PCR. Higher prevalence was recorded in abattoir shops (31.01%) followed by private farms (11%) and animal selling points (9.25%). Significant difference was recorded in different breeds i.e. achai, local non-descript and crossbred (non-descript x jersey) cattle. Higher prevalence in femal...

Jannatul Noor, Md. Ahaduzzaman, Mir Md. Afzal Hossain, Mohammad Alamgir Hossain, Sardar Abdur Rahim and Md. Samun Sarker

... conducted to assess the prevalence of tick in goat’s population of three different areas (Kaptai, Kattoli and Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University) of Chittagong, Bangladesh. A total of 60 goats were examined for tick infestation in three places using random positive sampling technique. Among the breed, Black Bengal goats were highly affected (53.33%) followed by Jamuna pari (33.33%) and cross breed (13.33%) (P=0.00). Black coat coloured...

Tasnim Farasat*, Saima Sharif, Farkhanda Manzoor, Muneeza Zafar and Shagufta Naz

...c patients to assess the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and to evaluate its relationship with potential risk factors of diabetes on their first visit to a local hospital. Among the newly diagnosed diabetic subjects 33% (n=66) were with retinopathy. Out of which 30% (n=18) were male and 70% (n=48) were female. High density lipoprotein (HDL), both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol level and serum insulin were significantly higher (p< 0.05...

Bibi Tayyaba Batool1, Aemal Tareen1, Shahjahan Shabir Ahmed1, Hira Ejaz1, Mohammad Azam Kakar1, Syed Abdul Rehman2, Mohammed Saeed1, Zafar Ahmad3, Mohammad Masood Tariq3, Mohammad Arif Awan3 and Muhammad Naeem Shahwani1*

...udy was to determine the prevalence of brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis in cattle, goats and sheep in some primary dwelling districts of Balochistan. Our results showed that brucellosis was found 2.2% positive from Quetta district and 0.6% positive from Pishin district and bovine (TB) was found 0.60% positive from Quetta and none from Pishin district of Balochistan.

...

Abdul Sattar Baloch1*, Abdul Rasheed1,2, Rahmatullah Rind1, Jam Kashif Sahito1, Rehana Buriro1, Muhammad Faisal Ayoob1 and Parkash Dewani1

...g tests, and overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was found to be as 21%, 21% and 13% by RBPT, SAT and c-ELISA tests, respectively. Seroprevalence was higher in females (26%) than in males (16%) by RBPT and SAT tests, and also in camels less than 9 years of age (13.33%). Milk samples were collected to detect the antibodies against the disease, however, none of the sample was found to be positive for brucellosis. It was conc...

Rongrong Li1, Kun Li2, Xiaoqiang Wang2, Houqiang Luo2, Gang Qiu2, Hui zhang2, Yanfang Lan2 and Jiakui Li2,3*

...s to investigate the seroprevalence of T. gondii in Tibetan pigs in Tibet, China. A total 454 serum samples were collected from Tibetan pigs in Nyingchi in 2014 and 2015. Each sample was assayed for T. gondii antibodies by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits and an indirect hemagglutination test. The results showed that seroprevalence in Tibetan pigs were 25.6% by ELISA. On gender basis, the

Hussain Ahmad1, Inamullah1, Ijaz Ali2, Tauseef Ahmad3, Muhammad Tufail4, Kabir Ahmad5 and Bibi Nazia Murtaza3,6*

...dy aimed to find out the prevalence of Brucella and active brucellosis in the human population of district Swat. Total 300 individuals (both female and male of all ages, meeting our inclusion/exclusion criteria) with informed consent were included in the study. Blood samples were collected and brucellosis was detected by Standard Plate Agglutination Test (SPAT) and Serum Tube Agglutination Test (STAT) and later on confirmed by PCR. Disease was detected in 3.66...

Oladipo Elijah Kolawole, Oloke Julius Kola and Awoyelu Hilda Elukunbi

...CD4 count showed highest prevalence (27.27%) among the age ranging from 41 to 50 years with the CD4+ count of 350- 500cells/µl. The result from this study highlight that EBV IgM is prevalent among individuals infected with HIV in Nigeria and may warrant future investigations to ascertain the impact of co-infection on public health.

...

KM Fakhrul-Islam, Mohammad Shah Jalal, Sonnet Poddr, Md Nurul Quader, Md Sahidur-Rahman, Avijit Dutta and Shuvo Mazumder

...this study proportionate prevalence of FMD in cattle was estimated and the distribution of FMD according to different factors was evaluated. Both retrospective and prospective FMD clinical cases were included considering clinical signs and drugs used for treatment during 13 January to 15 March 2015. A total of 131 cattle was investigated and 16.8% cattle cattle were recorded as FMD. The proportionate prevalence of FMD in dif...

Aziz-ul-Rahman, Farooq Yousaf, Naveed Anwar and Muhammad Abubakar

...erological survey on the prevalence of antibodies to PPRV was carried out in sheep and goats of Jatoi and surrounding areas in Muzaffargarh districts South Punjab of Pakistan. A total of 965 serum samples were collected from sheep and goat’s farms from January to December 2015 with no history of vaccination. Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test was performed using PPRV antigen to determine antibody titres level. The overall pre...

Ahmed Zein Mahmoud, Muaz Abdellatif and Ahmed Abdalla

...itive ELISA. The overall prevalence was 59.9%, goats had a significantly higher sero-prevalence of 75.3% compared to 59.4% obtained from sheep, whereas camels were seronegative. The prevalence of PPR was increasing from 27.9% in 2011 to 77.3% in 2016. Seropositivity was higher in wet seasons (60.9 to 61.4%) to 56.7% in dry hot season. Species, year and location appeared to be having signif...
Amjad Islam Aqib1, Muhammad Ijaz1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Riaz Hussain3, Saba Sana2, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Kashif Hussain1 and Syed Saleem Ahmad1
...s with 74.5% (47/63) prevalence, following which were Streptococcus species (17.45%, 11/63), E. coli (3.17%, 2/63), and Bacillus cereus (4.76%, 3/63). Coagulase positive Staph. aureus (41 out of 47), and hemolysin producing Staph. aureus (39 out of 47) primed among Staph. aureus isolates indicating very pathogenic nature of infection in the area. Risk factors determinants were found significantly (P<0.05) associ...
Hui Zhang2, Yajing Wang2, Kun Li2, Mujeeb Ur Rehman2, Fazul Nabi2, Rui Gui2, Yanfang Lan2 and Houqiang Luo1,2
Akbar Ali1,*, Khalil Mohamed2 and Fawzia Toulah3

 

...;40 years (14%). Overall prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG was seen in 12%, with significantly more in women with age more than 30 years as compared to those with age less than 30 years (19% vs 8%; p=0.038). The percentage of IgG seroprevalence was higher in women who ever got pregnant as compared to those who were never pregnant (13% vs 5%). The percentage was also higher in women with direct contact to soil...

 Eman M. Farghaly1, Ahmed Samy1,2*, Heba Roshdy

...ittle is known about the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of major bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus aureus Salmonella and Pasteurella spp. in Egyptian quail farms. Such information is important for drug choice and success of treatment as well as spotting the light on emerging antimicrobial resistance that represent major concern for public health. A total one hundred swabs and 500 organ samples were collected from apparently hea...

Idowu Fagbamila1*, Adaobi Okeke2, Micheal Dashen2, Patricia Lar2, Sati Ngulukun1, Benshak Audu1, David Ehizibolo1, Paul Ankeli1, Pam Luka1, Maryam Muhammad1

...hree LBM with an overall prevalence of 20.2%. Of the 84 samples collected, 17 contained Salmonella. With regard to the matrices, there was no difference in Salmonella prevalence among the four matrices considered. Four different serotypes were identified with Salmonella Llandoff having the highest isolation rate in all the matrices sampled (58.8%), followed by, S. Kentucky (17.7%), S. Schwarzengrund and S. Havana had the low...
Wali Khan*, Ghazal Mumtaz, Saima Bibi and Salma Afzal
...s aimed to determine the prevalence of parasitic infection in vegetables collected from the vegetable markets in Lower and Upper Dir districts. A total of 520 vegetable samples were collected during April to October 2016. These vegetable samples were screened for parasitic contamination. The results showed that 10.7% of the vegetables were found to be contaminated with one or more than one species of parasites. Intestinal parasites Ascaris lumbricoides 26.7%, ...
Muhammad Shahid1, Iram Amin1,*, Samia Afzal1, Zareen Fatima1, Sadia Zahid1, Usman Ashraf1 and Muhammad Idrees2
...e male. Overall weighted prevalence of PCR positivity was 38% (268). Of the total 268 PCR positive subjects, 0.74%, 56.71%, 15.67% were positive for serotype 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Only 72 suspected patients had concurrent infection with serotype 2 and 3. Higher incidence of RNA positivity by PCR was found in males (71%) as compared to the females (29%). The higher incidence of PCR positivity was found in age group of 16-25 rather than teenage (≤16) and o...
Tausif Ahmad1, Iahtasham Khan2, Saddaf Razzaq1, Saeed-ul-Hassan Khan1,* and Raheela Akhtar3
...nducted to determine the prevalence of Brucella abortus in cattle and buffaloes in the districts of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan. A total of 120 serum samples were randomly collected from buffaloes and cattle (60 per species) at Civil Veterinary Hospitals, animal markets and peri-urban livestock holdings in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Serum samples were initially screened by the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). RBPT positive samples were subjected to ...
Bushra Niaz1,*, Tahir Zahoor1, Muhammad Atif Randhawa1 and Amer Jamil2
...robial agents to control prevalence of food borne pathogens in final packaged food products as well as for food preservation/ biocontrol, this study was designed to isolate lactoferrin from milk of camel. Cation exchange resin (CM-Sephadex C-25) was used for the isolation of lactoferrin using the fast protein liquid chromatography. The lactoferrin was further characterized through sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Disc diff...
Naimat Ullah Khan1,2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1Nisar Ahmad3, Ayesha Hassan1, Sultan Ayaz2, Sajid Umar4, Muhammad Luqman Sohail5,*, Muhammad Shafee6, Ikramullah Khan7, Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Azmat Ullah Khan8Naimat Ullah Malik1 and Abdul Razzaq9
...sults yielded an overall prevalence of 11.11%, with significant difference (P<0.05) among different study areas. Prevalence was highest in district Bannu (11.66%), followed by district Lakki Marwat and Kohat with 10% in each district. Statistical analysis revealed significant difference (P<0.05) among children of different age groups with highest disease prevalence in children of les...
Muhammad Ayaz1,*, Muhammad Athar Abbas2, Pervez3, Noorulain3, Yasir Amin1, Zubair Ali3, Naila Siddique2 and Khalid Naeem2
...were recorded. The total prevalence recorded was 3.66%and out of 498 broiler operations yielded 17 (3.4%) positive isolates and 44 golden type native chicken farms yielded 05 (11.36%) isolates of AIV H9N2 and 58 captive pheasant’s samples were negative. It was observed that frequency of H9N2 prevalence in poultry population was directly proportional to temperature, season and...
Nasar Khan1,2, Fahad Ali3,7, Sulaiman Bahadar5,*, Khalil ur Rahman3, Abdul Aziz3, Noor ul Akbar4, Muhammad Daud6, Azam Hayat5 and Mujaddad ur Rehman5
Madiha Hashmi1, Abid Hussain1, Shafiq ur Rehman1, Farida Ahmed2, Shahbaz Aslam3,Nadeem Afzal4 and Zaigham Abbas1,*
Vladimir Avdalovic1, Marijana Vucinic2, Radmila Resanovic3, Jelena Avdalovic4, Danka Maslic-Strizak5 and Milos Vucicevic3*
... taking into account the prevalence and severity of footpad dermatitis (FPD) in broiler chickens. The study included 300 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers. One group of broilers was reared on chopped wheat straw (the particle length of straw ≥ 10 cm). The second group was kept on newly formulated pelleted wheat straw. The duration of the trial was 42 days. Moisture content in litter materials and FPD occurrence and severity were assessed weekly. First signs of ...
Rais Ahmed1,*, Khushi Muhammad1, Masood Rabbani1 and Muhammad Sarwar Khan2
...beings. In this project, prevalence and distribution of soil borne Brucella species in nine districts of Punjab including Lahore, Faisalabad, Sheikhupura, Sargodha, D.G. Khan, Chakwal, Sahiwal, Gujranwala and Attock were determined. By using grid based sampling strategy, soil samples (n= 1280) were collected from villages (n=256, 5 samples/village) of the nine districts. Brucella genus specific DNA (bcsp31) was detected using Real Time PCR...
Muhammad Arslan Khan1,*, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Imran-ul-haq1 and Rashad Waseem Khan2
...were recorded on disease prevalence, incidence, frequency percent of root rot fungi and nematodes population. Maximum disease prevalence was recorded in Tibba Sultanpur (100%) and Dunyapur (88%) whereas disease incidence calculated was 5% and 4.4%, respectively, in these areas. Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) was frequently isolated (78%) from roots as well as in soil samples (81.7%) collected from infected fields. Amo...
Usman Waheed1,*, Humayoon Shafique Satti2, Muhammad Arshad3, Ahmed Farooq3, Abdul Rauf4 and Hasan Abbas Zaheer1,5
...ext-align: justify;">The prevalence of HIV/AIDS and syphilis is rapidly increasing among high risk groups (HRGs) in Pakistan leading it away from achieving the 6th millennium development goal of halting and reversing HIV/AIDS epidemic. Syphilis increases the risk of HIV transmission by two to five times, and this co-infection is common among HRGs. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HI...
Shazia Rasheed1,* and Javed Mustaquim2
...vestigation. Octolasmids prevalence was significantly higher in female P. pelagicus (81.2%) than that of male (18.8%) while in case of P. sanguinolentus the prevalence was significantly higher in male (60.5%) rather than female (39.5%).
...
Omar S.O. Amer1,3,*, Mohamed I. Waly2,4 andSaeed A. Al-Zahrani1
...testinal parasites, with prevalence rate 6.98 %. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection during the period of study was as follows; Ascaris lumbricoides (n= 205, 1.8%), Giardia lamblia (n= 178, 1.6%), Entamoeba histolytica (n= 174, 1.57%), Trichuris trichiura (n= 118, 1.06%), Hymenolepis nana (n= 51, 0.46 %), Enterobius vermicularis (n= 28, 0.25%) and Taenia saginata ...
Javeria1, Masroor Ellahi Babar1,2,*, Akhtar Ali2, Asif Nadeem1, Abdul Wajid1, Sajjad Ali Shah3, Sadaf Rashid4, Muhammad Wasim1 and Muhammad Abdullah1
...p-value 0.0002). The prevalence of C allele was 13.5% in disease, 5.83% in controls and found significant with p-value 0.007. These findings suggest that c.G745C in COMT gene has a significant association and a possible role in the OCD development in Pakistani patients.
...
Shahid Hussain Farooqi1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Muhammad Imran Rashid2, Muhammad Oneeb2, Amjad Khan3, Amjad Islam Aqib1 and Shakeel Mahmood4
...> Amblyomma with the prevalence of 78.50%, 10.33%, 10.08%, 0.67% and 0.42%, respectively. On species basis, R. (Boophilus) annulatus, R. (Boophilus) microplus, Heamaphysalis aciculifer, R. appendiculatus, and R. decoloratus were noted 41.67, 18.42, 9.83, 8.25, and 6.83% respectively, whereas least prevalence was noted as 0.42% in case of A. pomposum and D. circumguttatus; 0.25% e...
Nosheen Rafiq1, Asmatullah Kakar2,*, Arshad Ghani3, Asim Iqbal2, Wali Mohammad Achakzai2, Shagufta Sadozai2, Mohammad Shafiq4 and Mohammad Alam Mengal5 
Hailong Dong1, Hui Zhang2, Kun Li2, Khalid Mehmood2,3, Mujeeb Ur Rehman2, Fazul Nabi2, Yajing Wang2, Zhenyu Chang1,2, Qingxia Wu1,* and Jiakui Li1,2,*

 

...ertaken to determine the prevalence and pathogenic potential of Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from piglets having white score diarrhea as a result of outbreak occurred in Qinghai Tibetan Plateau in 2015. A total of 81 E.coli were isolated from 83 fecal samples. The organisms were inoculated on MacConkey agar and EMB agar and identified via biochemical tests. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect representative virulence factors or ge...
Wali Khan1,*, Noor-Un-Nisa2 and Aly Khan3
...aimed to investigate the prevalence of potentially pathogenic intestinal protozoan parasitic infection in farmers, education concerned and shepherds of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 1041 stool samples were examined from January 2006 to December 2008 using direct smear and concentration methods. One hundred and fifteen (11.04%) participants were found infected with one or more than one intestinal protozoans. Forty one (35.6%) of the participant...
Muhammad Nabeel,1,* Humayun Javed1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
...efore, its incidence and prevalence was determined in seven major maize growing districts of Punjab during 2016. The maximum overall incidence of maize borer (12%) was recorded in Khanewal district followed by Multan (6%) while it was the minimum (1%) in district Okara. On the other hand, maximum prevalence of maize borer was observed in district Vehari (100%) followed by districts of Khanewal and Multan (73%) while minimum ...

Warda Fatima1 , Shahida Hasnain1 , Saqib Mahmood2

 

...ychosis with a worldwide prevalence of 1%. It is diagnosed on the basis of psychiatricsymptoms and till now no biochemical test is available for its diagnosis. It is considered one of the most costlydisease in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Its heritability content is considered to be up to 80% but still it isunknown whether it’s a pure genetic disease. It is considered a polygenic multifactorial condition where both genes and environment have roles i...

 Maleeha Manzoor1*, Madiha Manzoor2, Qurat-ul-ain Ahmed3, Sobia Ahmed4, Shazia Manzoor5

...n order to determine the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women attending Government Mian Munshi Teaching Hospital, Lahore. For this, one hundred pregnant females were selected randomly; relevant data was collected by interviewing and filling a questionnaire especially designed to record various socio-demographic characters of patients and their dietary history. Prevalence rate of anemia in the present study was found to ...
Ikramul Haq1, Aneela Zameer Durrani*1, Muhammad Sarwar Khan1, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq2, Imtiaz Ahmad3, Amjad Khan2 and Mehboob Ali1
...or bacteria. The overall prevalence of diarrhea was 72.56% with bacteria in 65.77% of diarrheic cases. The prevalence of different bacterial species shows that E. coli was the most prevalent bacteria with 48.77% as compared to Clostridium perfringens (18.56%) and Salmonella (17.9%). It was concluded that bacteria were the major cause of foal diarrhea in Punjab, Pakistan. 
...
Zahid Farooq1, Sufi Muhammad Akram2, Muhammad Saleem Khan3,* and Muhammad Wajid4
...; N = 39) were higher in prevalence. Northern wolf snake (Lycodon striatus striatus), Sind long-nose sand snake (Lytorhynchus paradoxus)and Afghan awl-head snake(L. ridgewayi)(0.38%; N = 2) were the least abundant. Snakes were more frequent in croplands and least frequent in barren areas.
...
Amjad Khan1,*, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq1, Mansur ud Din Ahmad1, Jawad Nazir1, Zahida Fatima2, Asghar Khan3 and Shahid Hussain Farooqi3
...ted to determine the seroprevalence, investigating the EI outbreak 2015-16, and describing the demographic and management risk factors associated with seroprevalence of EIV. Using ELISA kit and HI as serological methods for diagnosis, we found a 24.13% (168/696) overall seroprevalence, where the seroprevalence for H3N8 was 14.51% (101/696), for H7N7 6.03...
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Riaz Hussain2, Kashif Prince1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Mamoona Chaudhry 3, Sehrish Firyal4, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan5 , Mian Saeed Sarwar5, Hazrat Ali5, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Ikramul Haq1 and Muhammad Sajid Hasni3
...ssumed risk factors with prevalence. Nonparametric tests at 5% probability were applied to check significance of results. The study noted overall 33.98% (123/362) of MDR S. aureus from subclinical mastitis milk samples while 123 of 192 S. aureus isolates (64.06%) were confirmed MDR. Non-significantly higher prevalence of MDR was noted in Cholistan area (38.38%) than to that of Sulaiman Range (29.98%) on subclin...
Wali Khan1,*, Noor-Un-Nisa2 and Muhammad Asif Nawaz3
... was aimed to assess the prevalence of Taenia saginata and Hymenolepis nana (tapeworms) infections among farmers, education concerned and shepherds of Swat, Pakistan. A total of 1041 stool samples were examined from January 2006 to December 2008 using direct smear and concentration methods. Two hundred and twenty one (21.2%) participants were found infected with one or more than one intestinal tapeworms. Seventy seven (7.39%) of the participants ...

Zahid Akram, Saif Ullah Ajmal, Ghulam Shabbir, Muhammad Munir and Nasir Mahmood Cheema

INHERITANCE MECHANISM OF SOME YIELD COMPONENTS IN BREAD WHEAT
...-1 (1.111) evidenced the prevalence of non additive gene action controlling these traits. The present results, therefore, revealed that selection for these traits in early generation may not be useful and it has to be delayed till segregating generations.
...

Iracema Nunes de Barros1,2, Luciane Dubina Pinto3, Rosely Bianca dos Santos Kuroda1, Sheila Oliveira de Souza Silva1, Leonardo José Richtzenhain1,2, Cláudio Wageck Canal3 and Paulo Eduardo Brandão1,2* 

...have shown an increasing prevalence and importance of CCoV around the world. Fatal CCoV infections have been described, however, there is limited information on the molecular diversity of CCoV in many parts of the world. In this study, canine fecal samples from diverse States of Brazil were screened by PCRs for CCoV and positive samples were subjected to partial sequencing for the membrane (M), spike (S), nucleocapsid (N) and non-structural protein 3b genes. O...

 Nazir Ahmad*, Sultan Ayaz*, Sumaira Shams**, Karimullah*** and Riaz Ahmad****

PREVALENCE AND MORPHOLOGY OF HELMINTH PARASITES OF FISH FROM RIVER SWAT, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...opic techniques. Overall prevalence of the fish parasites was 58% (145/250). Among these Schizothorax plageostomus fish 93.04% (107/115), Schizothorax labiatus 61.11% (33/54), Salmo trutta fario 17.85% (05/28), Gara gotyla 0% (0/09), Rita rita 0% (0/25) and Oncorhynchus mykiss were 0% ( 0/19). The intensity of the parasite varied from 1% to 9.2%. Among them high intensity was noted in Rhabdochona schizothoracis (9.2%) and Schizothorax labiatus.

...

 S. Talat Gilani*, Shahid Hameed* and Hussain Shah* 

OCCURANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF POTY VIRUSES INFECTING GARLIC IN PAKISTAN
...detect and determine the prevalence, incidence and distribution of the poty viruses causing diseases in garlic (Allium sativum) from major garlic growing areas of Pakistan. The yellow stripes, mosaic and chlorotic spot symptoms of the disease resemble the viral infection in garlic reported to occur worldwide. Altogether 690 samples were collected from 29 locations of Punjab and 40 locations of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa to determine the preval...

 Ghazala Nawaz*, Muhammad Nawaz Malik**, Muhammad Hassan
Mushtaq***, Fraz Munir Ahmad****, Ali Abdullah Shah*****, Farooq
Iqbal******, Shinawar Waseem Ali*******, Zahida Fatima******** and
Amjad Khan*********

SURVEILLANCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN LIVESTOCK IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...based estimation of true prevalence is time occurring in different livestock species and requires to develop prevention and control strategy, that hasn't been done in Pakistan. Active disease surveillance at door steps was conducted to collect blood samples from small and large ruminants of subtropical rural communities in the province of Punjab during January-March, 2015. Total 59665 sera samples from apparently healthy animals were collected and screened by ...
Naimat Ullah Khan1,2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1Nisar Ahmad3, Ayesha Hassan1, Muhammad Kashif Prince1, Muhammad Luqman Sohail4,*, Mian Saeed Sarwar2, Hazrat Ali2, Tahir Usman2, Asadullah Khan2, Siffat Ullah Khan3 and Shahid Zaman5
...a (KPK) to determine the prevalence and risk factors responsible for the occurrence of Cryptosporidium in lambs and has been known to cause human infection. Three hundred and sixty fecal samples (n=360) were collected through convenient sampling from apparently healthy lambs and were examined using the modified Ziehl Neelsen acid fast staining. Prevalence was calculated along with different risk factors associated wit...
Grace C. Onyishi, Ifeanyi Oscar N. Aguzie, Christopher D. Nwani*, R.N.N. Obiezue and I.C. Okoye
...ere examined for malaria prevalence and intensity from January to July 2015. Indoor biting Anopheles mosquitoes were collected by standard procedures within the study duration. Meteorological data on relative humidity and temperature was obtained from Centre for Basic Space Science, Nsukka, Enugu State. Overall recorded malaria prevalence at the hospitals from January to July was 72.8%. Malaria <...
Nasir Abbas1, Muhammad Suleman1, Nazir Ahmad Khan2,*, Ijaz Ali3, Mubashir Rauf1,5 and Sadeeq ur Rahman4,*
...programme.
...
Grace Chinenye Onyishi, Ifeanyi Oscar Aguzie, Joseph O. Okoro, Christopher Didigwu Nwani*, Ngozi Ezenwaji, Ndubisi Stanley Oluah and Fabian C. Okafor
... had the highest (76.4%) prevalence of infection; A. degneri had the least (37.5%). A total of 1 563 helminthes belonging to three species Cosmocercoides sp., Capillaria sp. and Philonema sp. were recovered. Mean intensity of Capillaria in A. achatina was 8.33 (5.00 – 12.00 [95% CI]) while Cosmocercoides sp. intensity in L. gracilis was 7.67 (6.00 – 11.00 [95% CI]). Diversity of parasite speci...
Abid Hussain1,*, Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad2, Muhammad Hussan Mushtaq2, Mamoona Chaudhry2, Muhammad Sarwar Khan2, Michael Reichel3, Tanveer Hussain4, Amjad Khan2, MuhammadNisar2 and Imtiaz Ahmad Khan5
...d out to investigate the prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy buffaloes. The present study was conducted in two districts Lahore and Bhimber Azad Kashmir Pakistan. Total sample size for this survey was consisted of 1,036 lactating buffaloes. The screening of lactating buffaloes was performed with the California Mastitis Test. The overall prevalence of mastitis was recorded at 49%. Among mastitis cases the...
Ahmad Farooq1, Usman Waheed2,3, Hasan Abbas Zaheer2,3, Abdul Rauf4, Abida Arshad5, and Muhammad Arshad1,*
...udy was to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections among thalassaemia major patients. The study was conducted from June – December 2016, at the Thalassaemia Centre, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad and the Pakistan Thalassaemia Centre, Pakistan Baitul Mal, Islamabad, Pakistan. Data were obtained by clinical testing of 1,440 ß thalassaemia major patients visiting for blood transfusions at regular intervals. The co...
Tariq Mukhtar,1,* Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Usman Raja1 and Humayun Javed2
...e 1.2% while the overall prevalence was 27%. As regards districts, the maximum incidence was recorded in district Bhakkar followed by Khushab. Similarly, the maximum prevalence was observed in district Bhakkar followed by Sargodha while it was the minimum in district Khushab. The incidence of the nematode was found to be variable on different wheat cultivars. The maximum incidence was recorded on cultivar Chakwal-50 followed...
Riyadh S. Aljumaah*, Mohammed A. Alshaikh, Abdulrahman Jarelnabi, Mutassim M. Abdelrahman and Mansour F. Hussein
...div>...
Naimat Ullah1,3,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Avais1, Nisar Ahmad2, Sana Ullah3, Muhammad Shuaib Khan3, Khalid Mehmood5, Mumtaz Ali Khan1 and Ikramul Haq1
... designed to inspect the prevalence and its correlation with various risk factors and host biomarkers concerned with the occurrence of theileriosis in sheep. Total 600 blood samples were taken each 200 from districts Bannu, Tank and Dera Ismail Khan of southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan and screened through blood microscopy. The current study revealed an overall prevalence of ovine theileriosis as 27.5%, 13% and 19.5% in d...
Abdul Majid Ujjal2, Sharmin Akter1* and Suman Paul1 
...o ascertain the hospital prevalence of buffalo diseases and to determine the temporal distribution of important infectious diseases of buffalo like as Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) at Upazila veterinary hospitals of Jaintapur, Gowainghat and Kanaighat upazilas of Sylhet district. From October, 2015 to September, 2017 a total of 1057 cases of buffalo diseases were recorded in the hospital record books. Among all diseases, the ov...

Osama Elshazly1, AbdelSatar Arafa1, Mohammed A. Rohaim2, Ismaeil M. Reda2 and Hussein A. Hussein2*

...ortant to understand the prevalence, transmission, persistence and evolution of the virus, and to monitor the circulating AIV strains and emergence of new AIV subtypes in Egypt. The wide circulation of the 2.2.1.2 subclade, carrying triple mutations (120, 129∆, I151T) associated with increased binding affinity to human receptors, is an alarming finding with public health importance.
...
Muzafar Shah1,*, Mazhar Ali2, Sardar Azhar Mehmood2, Shabir Ahmad2, Khushi Muhammad3, Israr Alam1, Kausar Saeed1
...30 blood samples and low prevalence in U.C Ghalaigai with 42 positive (13.12%) out of 320 samples. Gender wise prevalence of malaria disease shows male 106 (27.53%) out of 385 whereas female 98 (16.01%) out of 612. 
...
Jehangir Khan1,*, Rasheedullah1, Bakht Tarin Khan2, Ayaz Ahmad3, Muhammad Salman4 and Khalid Khan5
...study reports an overall prevalence of HCV among 131 (14.55%), 103 (11.44%), and 94 (10.4%) by ICT, ELISA, and RT-PCR techniques in individuals belonging to 5 different age groups. The RT-PCR based results showed 53% HCV infection rate in samples from Tehsil Puran, 23% in Alpuri and 18% in Besham. The gender wise result (non-significant) showed 10% and 10.7% active HCV infection rates in males and females respectively. The RT-PCR based result observed maximum ...
Amna Kausar1,2, Sana Anwar1, Naila Siddique2, Safia Ahmed1 and Javid Iqbal Dasti1,*
...udy was to determine the prevalence of avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes (AIV H9, AIV H7 and AIV H5) in non-vaccinated wild and domesticated bird species across Pakistan. During January-December 2013, in total 700 samples were collected from different species of non-vaccinated birds inhabiting diverse ecological zones of Pakistan. Altogether, 507 tissue and swab samples were screened for the presence of viral RNA by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain re...
Niamatullah Kakar, Farhat Abbas, Muhammad Shafee and Tauseef Asmat*
...tudy was to evaluate the prevalence of tuberculosis along with associated risk factors in Quetta Jail, Pakistan. In this cross-sectional study, 186 sputum samples were collected randomly from jail inmates. Sputum was processed for smear microscopy and culture inoculation for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Moreover, the suspected samples were further investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Three samples were found ...

Ghufran ul Haq1*, Muhammad Arif2, Asad Ali2 and Mian Inayatullah3 

...nducted to determine the prevalence of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and the population of its vector, whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci), and determine the transmission properties of the prevalent isolate of the virus in the major tomato growing areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). For this purpose, surveys were conducted in the hilly areas of Mohmand Agency and Malakand Agency and plains of Shabqadar, Charsadda and Peshawar during 2011, 2012 and 2013, to deter...
Jia-kui Li1,2,*, Kun Li2, Zhao-qing Han2, Hui Zhang2, Xiao-qiang Wang2, Hou-qiang Luo2, Yan-fang Lan2 and Gang Qiu1,2
... (ELISA) kit to test the prevalence of BVDV(Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus) in yaks in Hongyuan, Sichuan province, a cold climate and high altitude area of China. Totally, 516 yak serum samples were randomly got during 2012 to 2014. BVDV was found highly prevalent among the adult yaks (51.1%; 95% CI: 46.5-55.6) and calves (60.5%; 95% CI: 43.4-76.0), respectively. The prevalence of BVDV infection in 2012 to 2014 was 45.3% (95% C...
Muhammad Asim Khan1,*, Shahid Niaz Khan1, Sanaullah Khan2, Abdul Jabbar Khan3, Muhammad Adnan4, Nawab Ali5 and Ijaz Ali6
...tember, while the lowest prevalence of malaria infection was found in the months of December (7.93%) and in February (12.62%).
...
Abdul Samad1, Ferhat Abbas1, Zafar Ahmad1, Olena Pokryrshko2 and Tauseef M Asmat1,*
...conducted to examine the prevalence of deadly food contaminants like Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni and E. coli (O157:H7) in various types of food items consumed locally. Total of 800 most common food samples such as chicken, beef meat, raw milk, vegetables and salad samples were collected from retail market, the overall contamination of food samples with infectious agents was 48.37%. Campylobacter jejuni<...
Hasina Baloch1, Rahmatullah Rind2,*, Muhammad Rafique Rind3, Viram Kumar4, Nazia Baloch5 and Rajesh K. Oad6
...es. Significantly higher prevalence (49. 07%) of clinical mastitis was observed in buffaloes with average age of 6 to 9 years whereas those of > 9 years of age showed higher (33.33%) but non-significant prevalence of subclinical mastitis. However, significant impact of the number of parity on the prevalence of clinical mastitis was observed in animals. Higher
Ali Zaman1,*, Abdul Haleem1, Sajjad Ur Rahman2, Adnan Amin3 Asma Saeed1, Sana Ullah4 and Naimat Ullah4
...antibodies. Highest sero-prevalence of Avian Influenza (H5) was recorded in district Abbottabad 36.15% (47/130) followed by Dera Ismail Khan 33.08% (43/130), Tank 26.92% (35/130), Peshawar 21.54% (28/130) and Mansehra 16.92% (22/130). Statistical analysis confirmed a significant (P<0.05) difference of sero-prevalence between the districts. There was a significant (P<0.05) association of occurrence of the ...
Riffat Mehboob1*, Shahida Perveen2, Naseer Ahmed3
...Lahore to understand the prevalence of inflammatory lesions, benign neoplasms and their age-wise comparison.
Methodology: The study was carried out at Pathology Department, King Edward Medical University, Lahore. Data of 368 cases of BBD during a time span of 3 years (2011-2014) was obtained retrospectively. 
Results: There were 190 patients of fibroadenoma (FA), 81 of fibrocystic disease (FCD), 64 of breast abscess (...
Rana Khurram Aftab1*, Farhat Ijaz2, Samia Jawed3
...re of normal weight. The prevalence of overweight in male and females was 17(17.5%) and 22(19.0%), prevalence in obese I in male and female was 20(20.6%) and 23(19.8%), and obese II was 3(3.1%) and 11(9.5%) respectively. Frequency of obesity was found to be more in females than in males according to BMI and WHR. Hypertension was present in 12(30.8%) normal weight students, 6(15.4%) overweight, 14(35.9%) obese I and 7(...
Muhammad Younus1*, Sabah Usman2 and Samia Jawed3
...l health problem and its prevalence is increasing continuously. It is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide and is associated with decreased lung functions.
Objective: This study was designed to compare the pulmonary functions in obese and non-obese subjects. Additionally, we aimed to correlate the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) with pulmonary function tests (PFT’s).
Material ...
Mumtaz Akhtar, Iffat Naheed, Khadija Waheed* and Amna Khanum
...or margin was 5% and the prevalence of postpartum haemorrhage was 16.5%. Data was entered and analyzed through SPSS 17. In this study, the mean age of study participants was found to be 29.89±5.89 years while the mean gestational age was 38.86±1.38 weeks. Postpartum haemorrhage was observed in 35.45% cases. Blood loss was recorded in patients with a mean of 374±134.91 mL. Statistically, a highly significant difference was observed between ...
Bo Wu1, Hui Zhang2, Kun Li2, Khalid Mehmood2,7, Yan Zhao1, Bin Jiang1, Chengjun Xue3, Muhammad Tariq Javed6, Fazul Nabi2, Zhaoqing Han5,* and Houqiang Luo4,*
... to investigate the sero-prevalence and immunization program optimization of serotype O of FMD through ELISA and IHA in pigs in Zhejiang. A total of 368 serum samples were collected from June to July in 2016. Out of these samples, 23 (6.79%, 95% CI 4.4-9.9) pigs were found positive for FMD antibodies with the further distribution of 9.09% (95% CI 4.6–15.7), 6.90% (95% CI 2.6–14.4), 5.49%, (95% CI 1.8-12.4) and 4.35% (95% CI 0.9-12.2) from Wenzhou, ...
Hanif Ur Rahman1, Umer Saddique1, Zahoor-ul-Hassan1, Shakoor Ahmad1, Muhammad Kamal Shah1, Said Sajjad Ali Shah1, Farhan Anwar Khan1Fazli Rabbani2, Muhammad Asif Hussain2, Attaur-Rahman2, Irshad Ahmad3,4 and Sadeeq ur Rahman2,*
... investigate the overall prevalence of members of MM cluster in suspected cases of CCPP in small ruminants.
...
Sana Rafique1, Hina Saqib1, Khushi Muhammad2, Nazia Akbar2, Abdul Rauf3, Muzafar Shah4,*
...of 2015 to determine the prevalence of Dengue fever virus in district Mansehra, Pakistan. Patients were selected with the convenience sampling which were admitted in Al-Khidmat foundation and King Abdullah hospitals in Mansehra, Pakistan, where patients were screened for dengue virus non-structural protein using Rapid Diagnostic kit for Dengue virus (DENV) i.e. SD BIOLINE Dengue IgG/IgM. Data was obtained from patient’s record, filled forms and th...
Junaid Akhtar1,2, Sidrah Saleem1, Naveed Shahzad3, Abdul Waheed1, Iqra Jameel1, Farhan Rasheed4 and Shah Jahan5,*
Haroon Rashid1,*, Khushi Muhammad1, Masood Rabbani1, Muhammad Sarwar Khan1, Tasleem Ghori2, Mamoona Chaudhry3, Hamad Bin Rashid2, Muhammad Zubair Shabbir1, Muhammad Hamid Chaudhary4, Muhammad Asad Ali1, Mian Muhammad Khubaib Sattar5, Javed Muhammad1 and Bhushan Jayarao6
...s conducted to study the prevalence and distribution of soil-borne B. anthracis in Punjab Province, Pakistan and to ascertain its public health significance. Using a grid-based sampling strategy, soil samples (n=1985) were collected from villages (n = 397, 5 samples/village) and examined for Bacillus anthracis, using real time PCR assays. Soil samples were found positive for plasmid DNA of Bacillus anthracis (CapB) in 3 villages (n= 3/1985...
Imran Taj1,*, Ferhat Abbas1, Zafar Ahmad1, Mohammad Kamran Taj1, Deedar Ahmad2, Zahoor Ahmed2, Ghulam Mohammad2, Ajaz-ul-Haq1, Farooq Shahzad1 and Sabiha Azam3
... province to explore the prevalence of Clostridium perfringens type D in small ruminants. A total of 204 fecal samples were collected from sheep and goats suffering from seasonal diarrhea. C. perfringens type D was identified through different biochemical tests and PCR. Antibiograms and lab animal trials were also carried out on local isolates of C. perfringens type D. Out of 204 analyzed samples, 89.18 % were found positive while 10.82 % ...
Asad Ullah1, Umar Sadique Khattak2, Sultan Ayaz1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2, Imad Khan1, Ibad Ullah Jan2, Irfan Khattak1, Raheela Taj3, Sahar Nigar4,    Naimat Ullah Khan1,Mumtaz Ali Khan5 and Muhammad Luqman Sohail6,*
...nducted to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) among large ruminants of the five districts (Peshawar, Nowshera, Charsadda, Mardan and Swabi) located in the central zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. A total of 2400 large ruminants were sampled by convenience sampling approach and tested by comparative cervical intradermal tuberculin test (CCIT) for detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection. Data re...
Qudrat Ullah1,*, Huma Jamil1, Zafar Iqbal Qureshi1, Muhammad Saqib2 and Heinrich Neubauer3
... to investigate the sero-prevalence of Coxiellosis and its relationship with some important risk factors in small ruminants kept at nine government livestock farms of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 1000 blood samples (500 each from goats and sheep) were collected from animals kept at the respective livestock farms. An indirect-Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (iELISA) was used to detect anti-C. burnetii antibodies in the serum. Serological analysis revea...

Bata Shalangwa Ishaku1*, Maimadu Abdullahi1, Dakwang Nalong1, Rengkat Jonah1 and Olabode Mayowa

...ied out to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in pigs, sheep and goats at slaughter in Jos, Plateau State Nigeria. Five hundred (500) serum samples comprising of 300 pigs, 100 each of sheep and goats were collected and analyzed for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies (IgG) using latex agglutination test (LAT). Serum samples with LAT titer >10 IU/ml were considered positive. The study showed that 176 of the 500 samples analyzed were positive f...
Neelima Gupta

 

...i> Channa punctatus (prevalence 24%, intensity 2 to 18 per fish). Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were conducted to demonstrate the surface anatomy of the worm. The worm is slender, elongated and cylindrical. The mouth is slit-like, surrounded by two lateral rows of somatic papillae, cephalic end was conical with 12 labial papillae arranged in two circles of 6 papillae each. Scanning electron microscopy on attachment structures revealed that t...

Ocheme Julius Okojokwu1*, Maryam Bisola Adebayo2, Bashiru Shafa Abubakar3, Ibrahim Abubakar Yusuf2 and Joseph Aje Anejo-Okopi1  

...out to determine the seroprevalence of Human Parvovirus B19 IgG and IgM antibodies and to determine the risk factors associated with acquisition of the virus. A total of 326 blood samples were collected from consenting pregnant women who were attending antenatal clinic in Abuja, Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on socio-demography and risk factors. The sera were obtained from samples were analyzed for IgG and IgM antibodies of human pa...

Mushtaq Hussain Lashari1*, Fozia Afzal1 and Umer Farooq

...was to determine the seroprevalence and hematological changes in free-range chicken (Gallus domesticus) naturally infected with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). Blood samples of chicken (n=71), were collected from Cholistan areas of Bahawalpur (Punjab), Pakistan. Serum samples were tested for toxoplasmosis with a commercial latex agglutination kit (Antec Diagnostic products, UK). The overall prevalence was 26.76%. The signific...
Shagufta Naz*, Saima Sharif, Hafsa Badar, Syeda Fareeha Tauheed
...was directed to find the prevalence of Macular corneal dystrophy in the families of Lahore. The techniques used for the diagnosis of MCD were visual Acuity test by Snellen chart, phoropter, slit lamp biomicroscopy, topography, keratometer and pachymetry. In this study, 50 patients of MCD were identified among which 40 were males and 10 were females, including 9 cases with family history. Main complaint was drop in visual acuity and loss of vision in all patien...
Muhammad Zahid1, Aneela ZameerDurrani1, Muhammad Ijaz1, KhushiMuhammad1,Muhammad Usman1,*, Muhammad Husnain1 and Nadeem Kamal2

 

... through RT-PCR. Overall prevalence of bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) in indigenous breeds of bovine was 63.33%, lower, than exotic breeds 64.66% which were found to be more prone to disease. In the case of buffalo breeds, prevalence was more in Nili Ravi buffalo, i.e. 36.6% than Kundi breed, i.e. 33.3%. Prevalence of disease was found maximum in humid and plain area of Lahore,...

Hafiz Muhammad Umer Qaisar1, Tanveer Ahmad2, Muhammad Rizwan3*, Muhammad Saqib1

Antimicrobial efficacy of combination of lincomycin and spiramycin (Lispiracin™) as systemic dry cow therapy for controlling bovine mastitis
...etermined through
prevalence of mastitis (sub-clinical and clinical) before and after parturition and
bacteriological cure rate. Quarter and animal wise prevalence of both clinical and
sub-clinical mastitis after systemic dry cow therapy with lispiracin™ group (G1) was
lower than control group (G2). This was evaluated through Surf Field Mastitis Test,
Somatic cell count, isolation, id...

 Anber Naqvi1*#, Abdul Qadir1, Adeel Mahmood2, Mehvish Mumtaz3, Iqra Aslam1, Gan Zhang4

Assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in maternal blood serum from selected districts of Punjab, Pakistan
...lected
the higher prevalence of lower chlorinated PCBs in urban population descending
towards rural population. The mean TEQ concentration of eight dioxins like PCBs
was recorded as 0.03 ng/g l.w. Analysis of Σ34PCBs and socio-demographic
parameters reflected significant results for milk intake. The study findings
suggested a need for regulating the continuous intentional or unintentional
releases of PCB into the...
Ajmal Khan* and Rehan Ullah
...lyzed to investigate the prevalence of malaria and its specific aetiologic agents in suspected patients reported to various laboratories of Agency Head Quarter Hospital Khar, Bajaur Agency. In this study, a total number of 9720 suspected individuals were examined; among which 1273 (13.1%) were found to be positive for malaria infection with different Plasmodium species in their blood smears. Male population accounts for higher p...
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Memoona Chaudhary2, Riaz Hussain3, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan4, Muhammad Luqman Sohail5,*, Madiha Khan6, Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Mehtab Ahmad7, Muhammad Sajid Hasni2Imran Qaiser8, Ghazanfar Rashid1, Ikramul Haq1 and Ikramullah Khan8
...esults showed an overall prevalence of 47.14% for subclinical mastitis. Statistical analysis revealed non-significant (P>0.05) difference between Cholistan desert and Suleiman mountain range (48.18% and 46.09%, respectively). S. aureus was isolated from 53.03% of the milk samples, with significantly higher (P<0.05) prevalence in Cholistan desert (66.10%) as compared to Suleiman range (57.98%...

Muhammad Rameez Khan1, Muhammad Imtiaz2, Farhatullah3, Sohail Ahmad1 and Sajid Ali1* 

...ck of information on the prevalence across Pakistan. Surveillance for powdery mildew status assessment was conducted across Pakistan during three wheat crop seasons i.e., 2015-2016 to 2017-2018. A total of 437 fields (from 63 districts) were surveyed in 2016, 480 fields (from 69 districts) in 2017 and 294 fields (from 34 districts) in 2018, revealing a high prevalence of powdery mildew in the northern Himalayan parts of Paki...
Farheen Shaikh*, Saima Naz, Nadir Ali Birmani
...orded in each month. The prevalence of chewing lice species of Coturnix coturnix was recorded as 44.47% Cuclotogaster cinereus (Nitzsh, 1866) belongs to family Philopteridae 32.64% Menacanthus abdominalis (Piaget, 1880) and 22.87% Menacanthus cornutus belongs to family Menoponidae. The results revealed high infestation found in birds of rural localities. The present study will help to understand host-parasite interaction in study ar...
Tamoor Azeem1,*, M. Yasin Tipu1, Asim Aslam1, Sajjad Ahmed2, Salman Ahmed Abid1, Abdullah Iqbal3, Naeem Akhtar4, Muhammad Saleem4, Aamerzish Mushtaq4 and Sajid Umar4

Omer Baris Ince* 

...n in order to reduce the prevalence of the disease. In this study, blood samples were collected from clinically healthy sheep and bovine in the surrounding region of the southeast of Konya province that were classified as non-vaccinated, single-vaccinated, multiple vaccinated, aged 0-1 and 1-3 and male and female starting from the third month following the vaccination. In the study aimed to show the disease-related status of the selected region, to investigate...

Rafiullah1*, Abdur Rahman2, Khalid Khan1, Anwar Ali1, Arifullah Khan2, Abdul Sajid3 and Naimatullah Khan3 

...te Peshawar. The overall prevalence for Theileriosis was 27.75% through Real-time PCR, followed by Indirect ELISA (24.62%) and Microscopy (11.37%). Transect wise high prevalence for Theileria parva was observed in Lakki Marwat with 33.5% for Real-time PCR, significantly different at P<0.05 from Peshawar. Cattle showed 100% more positive results as compared to Buffalo. All the techniques showed highest

 Abdul Maalik1, Shahzad Ali1,*, Anam Iftikhar1, Muhammad Rizwan1, Haroon Ahmad2 and Iahtasham Khan1

...esigned to determine the prevalence and possible risk factors of subclinical mastitis along with antibiotic resistance of one of the causative agent of bovine mastitis, Staphylococcus aureus. Ninety milk samples were collected from cows and buffaloes kept at different localities in district Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan. The possible risk factors inquired from farmers were animal type, breeds, urbanicity, age (years), teat washing, bedding area, lactating sta...

 Muhammad Arshad Hussain1 and Tariq Mukhtar2,*

...ted to record incidence, prevalence, and severity of root-knot nematode species associated with okra in the major vegetable growing districts of the Punjab province of Pakistan. The overall incidence of 39%, prevalence of 85% and severity of 4.1 in terms of the galling index was recorded throughout the province. Differences in the incidence of root-knot nematodes were recorded from all the districts ranging from 11% to 70%. ...

 Sohaib Afzaal1, Usman Hameed2, Nasir Ahmad3,*, Naeem Rashid3 and Muhammad Saleem Haider1

...re-dominant group (41.1% prevalence) among LAB strains in the isolated food samples. Some opportunistic pathogens were also isolated from these media. Among the tested strains maximum amount of lactic acid (26.457 mg/mL) was produced by the lactobacilliafter 48 h growth in skim milk broth, while the least (12.131 mg/mL) was produced by pediococci. These LAB strains are being studied for their probiotic properties and good quality indigenous starter cultures fr...

Bata Shalangwa Ishaku1, Batim Turdam1, Maimadu Abdullahi1, Waziri Ibrahim Anjili2 and Mayowa Olabode2 

...ay 2018 to determine the prevalence and risk factors for endoparasitic infections in donkeys at Ganawuri district market, Plateau State, North Central Nigeria. Fecal and blood samples were collected from 300 donkeys and analyzed using a standard laboratory procedure. Coprological examination conducted using flotation and sedimentation techniques showed that 276 (92.0%) were positive for gastrointestinal nematodes. A greater proportion (70.7%) of the nematodes ...
Muhammad Zain Saleem1,*, Raheela Akhtar1, Asim Aslam1, Muhammad Imran Rashid2, Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry1, Muhammad Adeel Manzoor1, Bilal Ahmed Shah3, Rais Ahmed4 and Muhammad Yasin5
...y. RBT confirmed the seroprevalences of 19.32% ± 0.289 and 12.29% ± 0.0105 brucellosis in sheep and goats, respectively and real-time PCR confirmed the B. abortus in 74 samples (62.71% ± 0.044) out of 118 seropositive samples in goats while 63 samples (69.23% ± 0.048) out of 91 seropositive samples of sheep. The presence of B. abortus in small ruminants could be due to mixed farming of small and large ruminants, sharin...
Sumreen Hayat1,6, Muhammad Hussnain Siddique2, Bilal Aslam1, Habibullah Nadeem2, Asma Ashraf3, Muhammad Saqalein1, Mohsin Khurshid4, Naveed Shahzad5 and Saima Muzammil1,*
...isolates with higher prevalence of ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae among the children with urinary tract infections. Based on our findings, it is recommended that the ESBL production should be routinely monitored especially among the K. pneumoniae strains for the effective management and control of such MDR pathogens.
...

Abdul Kabir1, Laiba Uroog2*, Naushad Ahmad3, Fawad Ahmad3, Muhammad Saqib3, Noor Badshah4 and Taj Ali Khan3 

...nducted to find the Etio-prevalence of bacterial species causing subclinical mastitis in a cohort of buffaloes at Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. 120 quarter samples were collected from suspected buffaloes in selected areas of Peshawar, Charsadda, Mohmand Agency, and Dara Adam Khel. Initially, California Mastitis Test was performed for screening of positive samples. Afterward, the bacterial profile was confirmed through biochemical testing. The quarter wise
Abid Hussain1,2, Farida Ahmed3, Shyamali C. Dharmage4, Shafiq ur Rehman1, Muhammad Shahbaz Aslam5 and Zaigham Abbas1,*
...ucted to investigate the prevalence of food and aero-allergen sensitization patterns. This retrospective study was designed to study allergy patients attending Allergy Centre, National Institute of Health, Islamabad. All enrolled patients were screened for set of allergens using skin prick test (SPT). Based on results of SPT, out of total 50550 allergen sensitized patients, 89.28% had aero-allergen sensitization while remaining 10.72% had food sensitization. S...
Asghar Khan1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Arfan Yousaf2, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Mamoona Chaudhry1, Mumtaz Ali Khan3, Habibunnabi4 and Amjad Khan5
...country with the highest prevalence of Sub-clinical mastitis. Therefore, this study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and assess the potential risk factors of sub-clinical mastitis in lactating buffaloes in Pothohar region of Pakistan. A questionnaire based cross-sectional based survey was conducted in 30 commercial and subsistent farms in Pothohar region of Rawalpindi district, Punjab. Where randomly 196 lactating bu...
Rabia Khalid1, Saleema Bashir Shams1, Bibi Nazia Murtaza1,*, Gaitee Joshua1, Saira Mushtaq1, Hassan Al-Talhi2 and Abdulaziz Al-Amri2
...mong the bank employees, prevalence of obesity was 67.53% and in general population it was 57.1%. The mean values of body mass index (BMI) for bank employees and control population was 24.10± 0.5 kg/m2 and 20.43±1.0 kg/m2, respectively. Analysis of the components of metabolic syndrome demonstrate an abnormal level of low density lipoproteins (LDL) 24.4% and 17.5%, total cholesterol 15% and 7.8%, triglycerides 17.35% and 8.8%...

Amany Adel, Wesam Mady*, Zienab Mosad, Fatema Amer, Asmaa Shaaban, Dalia Said, Marwa Ali Abdel Maged, Abdel-Satar Arafa, Mohamed Kamal Morsi, Mohamed Khalifa Hassan 

...sectors in Egypt, with a prevalence rate 4.4% by the year 2015/2016. However, the LPAI H9N2 showed a wide range distribution with high geo-prevalence rate in 2015/2016 (96.3%) as positive cases were recorded in 26 governorates., the positive samples were distributed in 783 farms with the highest prevalence rate (76.5%), Also, the most of positive cases were detected in chicken as the highe...

Amany Adel, Wesam Mady*, Zienab Mosaad, Fatma Amer, Asmaa Shaaban, Dalia Said, Marwa Ali, Abdel-Satar Arafa, Mohamed Kamal Morsi and Mohamed Khalifa Hassan  

... from 1026 for H9N2 with prevalence rate 4.4%. However, the LPAI H9N2 showed a wide range distribution with high geo-prevalence rate in 2015/2016 (96.3%) as positive samples were recorded from 26 governorates. Totally, the positive samples were distributed in 783 farms with the highest prevalence rate (76.5%), then 167 live bird markets (LBM) (16.5%) and 76 households (7%), respectively. A...
Farah Bilal*, Abdulmohsen Alhejaily, Shahida Husnain
...tudy was to evaluate the prevalence of common nucleotide changes (E545K/E542K and H1047R/H1047L) occur in PIK3CA gene in non smoker patients of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Somatic mutational analysis was done by QMC-PCR following direct sequencing with sangers’ method. Only one sample detected p.E545K mutation at c.1633G>A. Another most common mutation was observed in PIK3CA exon 20 which leads to change A>G at codon 1047. Thi...

Ali Mahmoud Zanaty, Naglaa Mohammed Hagag, Neveen Rabie, Mahmoud Saied, Karim Selim, Saad A. Mousa, Azhar Gaber Shalaby, Abdel-Sattar Arafa and Mohamed Khalifa Hassan 

...notyping primers, with a prevalence rate of 16.2%. NDV outbreaks were recorded in 16 governorates, from total of18 investigated governorates and the recorded geo-prevalence of 89 %. Twenty-five samples were selected for further sequencing for the partial fusion protein. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 20 samples are genotyped as very virulent NDVclass II of genotype VIIb, 4 samples were of high identity (94%-100%) with N...

Wesam Mady*, Nahed Yehia, Mohammed Hassan Elhussieny, Azhar Gaber Shalaby, Moataz Mohamed El Sayed, Neveen Rabie Bakry, Asmaa Shaaban, Abdel Satar Arafa, Afaf Abdel Baset Mahmoud and Wafaa Mohammed Hassan 

...even governorates with a prevalence rate of 0.93% and the positive samples were mainly located in Upper Egypt. The sequence of partial HA gene was performed for 10 positive samples and they were genetically characterized as HPAIV H5N8 belongs to clade 2.3.4.4b. Except three isolates in 2018 belongs to clade 2.3.4.4A, the phylogenetic analysis revealed that our sequenced viruses were clustered together in group B Russian like reassortant H5N8 viruses of clade 2...

Waqas Raza*, Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar and Muhammad Imran Hamid 

...s. During 2016 and 2017, prevalence of disease in all the surveyed districts ranging between 34.6-24.4% and 39.3-28.6% respectively with district Okara recording the maximum (39.3%) and district Jhang the minimum incidence (24.4%) for both the years. Similarly, disease severity ranging from 19.3-16.1% and 21.1-17.4% during the year 2016 and 2017 was recorded with Okara recording the maximum (21.1%) and Sahiwal the lowest blight severity (16.1%). The results cl...
Aly Khan1,*, Khalil A. Khanzada1 and S. Shahid Shaukat2
Shujjah Haider1,*, Ayesha Maqbool1, Tariq Pervez1, Saima Parveen1, Arfan Ahmad2, Zahid Iqbal3, Javed Iqbal3, Shahid Mehmood3, Amanullah Khan4 and Sajid Umar5
...y (RPA). The overall seroprevalence of MG detected through iELISA and RPA was 29.88 % and 20.67% respectively. Moreover, age-wise study revealed high prevalence of MG in 24-31 weeks old layers (44.17%) as compared to 55-63 weeks old layer flock (14.49%). The study of seasonal effect revealed highest MG prevalence in December (44%) while lowest in October (20%). Furthermore, higher
Qudrat Ullah1,8,*, Huma Jamil1, Laeeq Akbar Lodhi1, Zafar Iqbal Qureshi1, Shakeeb Ullah1, Tariq Jamil2, Iahtasham Khan3, Shahbaz Bashir4, Qudratullah5, Inamullah Wazir6M. Abdus Sallam1 and Muhammad Zubair7
...iELISA). The overall seroprevalence was found to be 28.90 and 27.86% by RBPT and iELISA, respectively. Previous history of animal reproductive disorders was found to be significantly associated (P=0.0056) with seropositivity of the infection. Age, sex, parity, lactation and pregnancy status of the animal were not found significantly associated. Routine herd screening, consumtion of pasteurized milk and public awareness programmes would be helpful for co...
 

Aftab Shaukat1,*, Khalid Medmood3, Irfan Shaukat2, Tauseef ur Rehman3, Muhammad Ahsan Naeem1,5, Ashar Mehfooz1, Muhammad Ijaz Saleem1, Zia-ud-Din Sindhu1, Shahid Ali Rajput4, Mubashar Hassan1,4, Saqib Umar1, Muhammad Ali Jamil1, Rao Zahid Abbas1 and Anas Sarwar Qureshi1

 

...iv>In the current study, prevalence related associated risk factors and hematological changes (due to bovine anaplasmosis) were studied in Sahiwal cattle and crossbred cattle of the district Faisalabad of Punjab province, Pakistan. Therapeutic efficiency of Oxytetracycline-Imidocarb dipropionate combination was compared with Enrofloxacin-Imidocarb dipropionate against Anaplasma marginale (A. marginale). For this study, the blood samples of three ...

Obaidul Islam*, Shameema Khatun and Mustasim Famous 

...onducted to estimate the prevalence of clinical conditions in dogs admitted at Central Veterinary Hospital (CVH), SAQ Teaching Veterinary Hospital (CVASU), Chittagong, and District Veterinary Hospital (DVH), Sylhet during the period from 22 September to 18 October 2018 at CVH, 20 October to 18 November 2018 at CVASU and 26 February to 21 March 2019 at DVH. The prevalence was analyzed on the basis of location, age, breed and ...
Salma Javed1, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1, Irfan Ullah2, Sadia Tabassum1,*
...arried out to assess the prevalence and the possible risk factors of type II diabetes in Hazara region Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The total area was divided into six clusters, and the data was collected randomly from different hospitals, clinics, and different localities of Hazara region.The report included 2,400 participants, amongst which, 1,000 subjects were suffering from type II diabetes, including 432 males (43.2%) and 568 females (56.8%). Wher...
Abdul Waheed1,2, Sidrah Saleem1, Naveed Shahzad3, Junaid Akhtar4, Muhammad Saeed5, Iqra Jameel1, Farhan Rasheed6 and Shah Jahan7,*
Huma Sattar1, Sehrish Firyal1,*, Ali Raza Awan1, Habib-Ur -Rehman2, Muhammad Sajid Hasni3 and Amjad Islam Aqib4*
...tle industry is the high prevalence of mammary gland infection. Despite significant technological developments in animal husbandry, udder infection is still widespread; particularly in large herds that causes high production losses to the dairy industry of Pakistan. Identification of molecular marker sequences that are directly related to immunity against mastitis might be helpful for animal selection trait and prevention of this disease. The aim of the p...
Rais Ahmed1,2,*, Muhammad Khalid Mansoor1,2, Iftikhar Hussain1, Muhammad Saqib3, Muhammad Hammad Hussain4, Amjad Islam Aqib5, Haleema Sadia6, Javed Muhammad7, Asma Irshad8, Kashif Prince5, Muhammad Zain Saleem9 and Abdul Whab Manzoor10
...ndition score (BCS) with prevalence of antibodies against MAP. Seropositivity against MAP was significantly (P<0.05) detected. Male and female animals were equally susceptible to the disease (OR: 0.908, 95% CI= 0.6111-1.350). Age groups were not found associated with chances of being seropositive. Seropositivity was significantly (P<0.05) higher in animals under 300kg body weight. Chances of being seropositive were found more in animals belonging to BCS ...
Ambreen Leghari1,2, Asghar Ali Kamboh2,*, Shakeel Ahmed Lakho1, Faiz Muhammad Khand1, Kanwar Kumar Malhi2,3, Iqra Bano Chandio4, Seema Baloch5 and Jan Mohammad Shah4
...>An investigation on the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in randomly selected cattle (n= 160) was carried out in Hyderabad and Tando Allahyar districts. The animals were first screened through single intradermal tuberculin test (SITT) and both positive and negative reactors of SITT were further investigated through rapid test. Attempts were also made to isolate the Mycobacterium bovis organism from the milk and nasal secretions of cattle using t...
Muhammad Siddique1, Muhammad Shafique2,*,Abdul Mateen3, Naveed Shahzad4, Bilal Aslam2, Nasir Ahmad1 and Muhammad Usman Qamar2
...dy demonstrated the high prevalence of HCV in our locality with the most prevalent HCV genotype 3a.
...
Hanif Ullah1, Muhammad Inayat Ullah Khan2, Suleman3, Sawar Khan1,Salma Javed4, Abdul Qadeer1, Mohsin Nawaz1, Sardar Azhar Mehmood4
...igned to investigate the prevalence of malaria infection in District Lower Dir Pakistan. A total of 1750 blood samples were collected from seven tehsils of District Lower Dir (January to December 2013). The data were analysed tehsils wise, month wise, gender wise, age wise and species wise. Thick and thin smear were prepared and examined under microscope. The data was statistically analysed in Microsoft excel. Out of 1750, 214 (12.2%) blood samples were found ...
Tanweer Kumar1, Sahib Zada2,3,Muhammad Irfan4,*, Huma Batool5 and Wasim Sajjad2,6
...nvestigate an up-to-date prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection among a mix population of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This study highlighted the relationship between HBV, demographic, clinical parameters and the risk factors in patients with HBV. A total of 4,758 blood samples from the mixed population were collected including 2382 male 2376 females. All the samples were subjected to hepatitis B surface antigen Immuno-chromatographic test ...

Bamigboye Olutoyin Omolara1, Fapohunda Funmilayo Omotoyosi1, Oladipo Elijah Kolawole1,2, Oni Mattthew Olujenyo1, Ajibade Oluwatosin Akinola1, Kaka Mary Oluwatosin1* 

...dy aims to determine the prevalence of serological markers of HBV based on serological markers among infected individuals with HIV. Ninety-three sera samples of HIV positive individuals were collected by Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) Teaching Hospital- HIV/AIDS Supporting and Counselling Unit, Ogbomoso. The collected samples were analyzed for enumeration of CD4+ cells and presence of HBV. The selected three HBV serological markers were HBs...

Farheen Shafique1, Shaukat Ali2,*, Saiqa Andleeb1, Abdul Rauf1,3, Syed Ayaz Kazmi1,3, Sadia Idrees4, Faisal Farooq1,3, Faiq Nawaz Khan3,4, Muhammad Saad-ul-Hassan1,3, Raja Awais Mumtaz1,3, Saba Khalid1, Zaheem Ashraf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2 and Fazal-ur-Rehman5

... viral hepatitis B and C prevalence. A total of 303 (including 164 males and 139 females) individuals, aged between 1 and 12 years were studied. All the understudy participants were interviewed through questionnaire method. After taking written consent from each participant or guardian, 5 ml of blood was collected from each participant and brought to the working laboratory for HBV and HCV screening through ICT kit method. All ICT positive samples were further ...
Abdul Kabir¹, Amjad Hussian Mirani¹, Jam Kashif1, Shumaila Manzoor2, Abdullah Iqbal3*, Ihsan Ullah Khan4 and Muhammad Abubakar2
... executed to explore the prevalence of PPR in different production systems of sheep and goat in district Nowshera, KPK. A total of 246 serum samples were randomly collected from three age groups (<1 year, 1-2 year and >2 years) of sheep and goats. Competitive ELISA was performed to evaluate sero-prevalence of PPR in goats and sheep. The swab and tissue samples were collected from the surrounding areas from suspected sh...
Farzana Rashid1, Rabia Masood1 and Mariam Faiz2*
...tion. Among 240 strains, prevalence of MBL in K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and Acinetobacter Species was 26%, 52%, 27% and 5% respectively. Prevalence of blaNDM-1 gene was 51% identified in 14 strains of P. aeruginosa, 2 strains of A. Baumanni, 29 strains of E. coli and 18 strains of K. pneumoniae. In conclusion, high prevalence of blaNDM-1 in our strains is a serious concern. A c...
Mubashra Salim1, Omeira Ibrahim1, Hugo Vilhena2,3,4, Carla Maia5, André Pereira5, Maria Shahzeen1, Shabana Kalsoom1, Asim K. Mahmood6 and Furhan Iqbal1*
Ahsan Numan1,4, Khadija Irfan Khawaja2, Abdul Basit Qureshi3Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf4, Imtiaz Rabbani4, Hafsa Zaneb5 and Habib Rehman4*
...med at investigating the prevalence and associated risk factors of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSP) in previously diagnosed Type-2 diabetic subjects in Lahore, Pakistan during April, 2013 to June, 2013. The DSP was diagnosed using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument Score. Blood was collected during the examination for the determination of various serum biochemical determinants. Prevalence of DSP was found...

Kenneth Nnamdi Anueyiagu*, James Jingmang Kopmut, Chrysantus Achi Lagi and Kelly Nkem Okoh 

... association between the prevalence of MRSA in livestock and students. This could lead to cross infection of MRSA from livestock to man and vice versa, hence of public health significance. 

...

Saima Sharif*, Farkhanda Manzoor, Tasnim Farasat, Shaugfta Naz and Raheela Tabasum 

Ihsanullah Kakr1, Sarwar Khan2, Khalid Khan3* and Sajjad Ahmed

...anosomiasis based on the prevalence of Trypanosomiasis, mortality rate, abortion and perceptions of the respondents were recorded. The camel dies due to Trypanosomiasis in direct visible losses and invisible losses include reduced fertility, meat loss, low quality of hide, loss of draught power and traction force and change in herd. While, indirect losses include additional costs of drugs, veterinarian fee, preventive medicine and quarantine. Moreover, the pre...
Gong Ga1,2 and SuoLang Sizhu2,*
...n is lacking on the prevalence of HEV infection in swine in Tibet of China, where raw pork and mixed farming of different species of domestic animals are consumed traditionally. In this study, 173 serum samples of Tibetan swine were tested for anti-HEV IgM and IgG antibodies by the ELISA. HEV RNA were measured in feces (n=173), serum (n=173) and tissue ((including liver, spleen, kidney and intestine, n=21) by nested RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. HEV antig...
Naseeb Ullah1, Assad Ur Rehman1, Aamir Khan1, Rabia Noushin2Shahid Naiz Khan1, Syed Ishtiaq Anjum1, Sajida Afzal1, Asma Naseem1Kenza Javed1, Ujala Rauf1 and Kalim Ullah1*
...was to estimate the sero-prevalence of FMD in livestock in district Lakki Marwat, southern part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Pakistan. 376 blood samples were randomly collected from livestock (large and small ruminants) from December 2017 to April 2018 to examine the prevalence of FMD. The current study indicated that overall FMD in Livestock was 14.31% with 16.37% in small ruminants and 12% in large ruminants. A significant d...

Humayun Saleem1, Faisal Sohail Fateh2*, Zia-Ur-Rehman1 and Muhammad Abu Bakar Siddique

... study was to record the prevalence of shot hole disease on Islamabad’s Federal Capital Territory markets. The frequency and severity of shot hole disease was estimated from market random samples, and later the index was measured. The results showed that in all markets with varying degrees of disease incidence, frequency and disease index the prevalence of shot hole disease was 100 per cent. It was concluded that the m...
Hina Habib Syed1, Muzafar Shah2*, Shahid Sherzada3 and Masroor Elahi Babar1
...ears (0.86%). Month wise prevalence was found highest in the month of July (39.48%) i.e. summer season and lowest in the month of February (2.25%) i.e. winter month. Patients tested for malaria parasite belonged to the following seven (7) Tehsils wherein the rate of positive infected cases in descending order was: Barikot > Kabal > Babuzai > Matta > Khwazakhela > Charbagh > Bahrain. It is concluded from this study that P. vivax is the ...
Samia Afzal*,Sadia Zahid, Iram Amin, Muhammad Shahid and Muhammad Idrees

Asad Ullah1*, Umar Sadique2, Sultan Ayaz1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2 and Farhan Anwar Khan

...d out to investigate the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (bTB); detection of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) infection in lactating indigenous cattle/buffaloes raised on different commercial dairy farms and exposing the hazards linked with milk-born tuberculosis infection in the area where unpasteurized milk is normally used in the central zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. A total of 1225 cattle and 1175 buffaloes of more than one year were studied f...

Cornelius Arome Omatola*, Samson Daniel Iyeh, Shedrach James Abuh, Charles Kehinde Mofolorunsho, Martin-Luther Oseni Okolo and Phoebe Queen Akoh 

...s study investigated the prevalence of five major STIs (HIV, HBV, HCV, HSV-2 and syphilis) in asymptomatic women in Anyigba. Sera samples from a cross-section of 250 consenting pregnant women on antenatal visits to five health facilities were screened for HIV, HBV, HCV and HSV-2 using commercially available immunochromatographic based kits and for syphilis using non-treponemal and treponemal antibody test. Socio-demographic and obstetric parameters were obtain...
Sana Khan1, Raheela Taj1, Noor Rehman2, Asad Ullah3, Imad Khan3 and Sadeeq ur Rahman3,*
...s aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of extended spectrum β-lactamases producing C. freundii clinical isolates. A total of 2950 clinical samples were collected from both hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients of Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH), Peshawar, and processed by for isolation of C. freundii followed by phenotypic detection of β-lactamases and antimicrobial susceptibility pro...
Mahvish Rajput1, Abdullah G. Arijo1, Muhammad Bachal Bhutto1Rehana Shahnawaz Buriro2, Javaid Ali Gadahi1, Muhammad Naeem3 and Zubair Ahmed Laghari1*
...nducted to determine the prevalence of rumen fluke (Paramphistome spp.) infection in sheep slaughtered at the abattoir of Hyderabad, Pakistan and their molecular characterization with analysis of their evolutionary relationship. A total of 200 rumens from slaughtered sheep were examined and out of 200 sheep, a total of 75 (37.5%) were positive for rumen fluke infection. The results indicate that sheep were infected with the morphologically identical species in...

Md. Zubael Islam, Rukhsana Amin Runa and Md. Mahmudul Alam* 

...ied out to determine the prevalence of foot diseases in cattle and also to explore the risk factors having a promoting role in developing foot affections in three unions (Potazia, Jalalpur, and Kaijuri) of Shahjadpur Upazila. Foot affections were physically investigated and examined from May to October 2019 and a total of 257 surgical affections were recorded, among them 46 cattle were diagnosed as different foot diseases. Among different surgical affections, ...
Mian Adnan Kakakhel1, Faryal Gohar1, Zahid Anwar2, Raza Ullah1, Muhammad Attaullah3, Shahbaz Ahmad4, Aamir Khan5, Kalimullah5*
...es, determination of seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in pet dogs. To evaluate the main associated risk factors related with T. gondii exposure to this region. A total of a hundred number of blood samples (72 males and 28 females) were collected from Peshawar, Pakistan. The serum samples were analyzed for IgG and IgM by using enzyme-linked&n...

Iram Fatima1*, Imran Pasha1, Ambreen Saddozai2, Shahid Nadeem3, Amer Mumtaz4 and Saqib Jabbar4 

...le collection. Mean prevalence of E. coli 61.7% was indicated by Spread plate method. Prevalence of Total plate count checked and pathogenic count was calculated in CFU/g and CFU/ml, mean CFU for E. coli and TPC was (3.39×104 to 3.15×105). Total 47.9% samples of spices were found adulterated for eight different adulterants tested. Sugar samples were free...
Majeeda Rasheed1*, Tanveer Akhtar1, Nadia Mukhtar2, Muhammad Furqan Shahid2, Muhammad Imran3, Saima Yaqub2
...signed to assess the seroprevalence of PPRV and to evaluate potential risk factors involved in the transmission of PPR disease in four distinct locations of GB province. We reported occurrence and risk factor analysis of PPR in small ruminants (n=1000) originating from different places in district Gilgit using Hem agglutination Inhibition (HI) test followed by risk analysis through Open-Epi software. Serum samples including goats n=500 and sheep n=500 were col...

Zia-Ur-Rehman1, Faisal Sohail Fateh2*, Humayun Saleem1 and Muhammad Abu Bakar Siddique1 

... was designed to see the prevalence, incidence and severity of peach rot disease in the markets of Federal Territories of Islamabad to estimate the intensity of the disease by calculating the disease index. The prevalence of disease was 100% in all markets of Khanna Pul, Burma Chowk, Taramri, NIH Market, Chatha Bakhtawar, I-8, I-10/2, I-10 (Markaz), Sabzi Mandi, I-9. Maximum Mean Disease Index 77.78% was found in the market ...

Muhammad Abu Bakar Siddique1, Faisal Sohail Fateh2*, Zia-Ur-Rehman1 and Humayun Saleem

... was designed to see the prevalence, incidence and severity of black scurf disease in the markets of Federal Territories of Islamabad to estimate the intensity of the disease by calculating the disease index. Maximum disease index was observed in Abpara and F-10 markets i.e. 21.11% with varying disease incidence and severity percentage. However, the presence of black scurf disease in the market shows that in Pakistan the consumers do not consider it as a threa...

A.N. Ashfaque1, F. Shahina1 and S. Dawar2

 

Diversity of nematode fauna associated with cotton fields of high temperature areas of Sindh, Pakistan
...on on the basis of their prevalence. In order to estimate nematode species diversity, richness and evenness, the data has been submitted for calculating the diversity parameters such as Dominance (D), Simpson’s diversity index (1-D), Shannon diversity index (H’), Evenness (e), Brillouin Diversity Index (HB), Menhinik Diversity , Margalef's richness index, Equitability (J) and Fisher's alpha. All estimated parameters of diversity has interrelation a...

M. Rufai1† , A. A.Wahab2 , Q. O. Adeshina1 , J. C. Umehokoh1 and O. O.Ologunro1

Occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes in Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria
...zone recorded the lowest prevalence 87.50% while the soil samples from Western senatorial zone revealed 91.43% presence of the EPNs. The highest frequency of occurrence of EPNs94.29% was recorded in the soil samples from Eastern senatorial zone. Nematode distribution and frequency was found to be related to soil pH (pH<4.5 to pH>7.2) and soil moisture. This is the first report of these nematodes from Osun State, Nigeria.

...
Sitara Nawaz1, Shamaila Irum1, Haroon Ahmed2, Shazia Shamas1, Sadia Roshan1, Muhammad Ather Rafi4, Irfan Ullah5*, Gulnaz Parveen3*
...tudy was to identify the prevalence of sandflies in selected regions of Panjab and their relationship with hospital-reported cases of Leishmaniasis. Clinical information of 124 patients was recorded. Observable factors of prevalence include age group, gender, financial status, clinical symptoms, and travel history. The sandflies also collected and identified. Out of 350 sandflies two genera Phlebotomus and Sergento...

 Muhammad Shahzad1, Arif Iqbal Umar1, Syed Hamad Shirazi1, Muhammad Tariq Pervez2*, Zakir Khan1, Waqas Yousaf1

HCDP: HEPATITIS C DATA BANK OF PAKISTAN
...vailable to find the HCV prevalence and distribution in Pakistan. We proposed a Hepatitis C virus database for Pakistani community, Hepatitis C Data Bank of Pakistan (HCDP). HCDP will be the first database that will holds HCV sequences obtained from Pakistani strains and HCV research publication by Pakistani researchers. We proposed a Hepatitis C Data Bank of Pakistan (HCDP) with an online interface. In addition to provision of annotated HC...

Markus I. Francis1*, Paul I. Ankeli2, Clara N. Kwanashie1, Jibril Adamu1, Lushaikyaa Allam1, Mashood A. Raji3, Godwin O. Egwu4, Flavio Sacchini5 and Massimo Scacchia5

Detection of Mycoplasma bovis from Cattle Presented for Slaughter in Adamawa and Taraba States, Northeastern Nigeria
...hat will reveal the true prevalence and distribution of M. bovis infection in cattle population in Nigeria are recommended.

...
Muhammad Khan1, Tehmina Ameer Khan1, Aziz Ud Din2, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1, Irfan Ullah3,*, Kalim Ullah4, Sadia Tabassum1,*
...t cause. It exhibits the prevalence of 1/500 globally. Eighteen samples from four families of maternally inherited HCM were collected, based on their clinical records. Three mitochondrial encoded genes 16S-rRNA (MT-RNR2), tRNAIle (MT-TI) and tRNALeu (MT-TL1) were targeted for analysis of mutation. Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal swab using Phenol: Chloroform: protocol. The target genes were amplified via polymerase chain reac...
Sumaira1, Syed Mohsin Bukhari1, Maqsood Iram2, Arshad Javid1Ali Hussain1, Waqas Ali1, Khalil Ur Rehman3, Shahla Andleeb3, Irfan Baboo4 and Nimra Khalid1
Zumama Khalid1, Muhammad Abrar Yousaf2, Abeedha Tu-Allah Khan1Farah Rauf Shakoori2, Muhammad Munir3 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori1*
... about its transmission, prevalence and causes but also to spread its awareness in the maximum possible ways. Although the complete disease-causing mechanisms of COVID-19 remain to be fully elucidated, active research is being conducted continuously in the field to gather as much information about every aspect of this disease as possible. Also, a clear difference is prevalent in different regions of the world about the rate of deaths and survivals. Therefore, ...
Aamir Khan1, Rabia Noushin2, Mohammad Attaullah3, Shahid Naiz Khan1, Rafiqe Hussain4, Farman Ullah Dawar1, Faiz Ur Rehman1, Muhammad Ijaz1 and Kalim Ullah1*
...onducted to find out the prevalence of babesiosis among domestic cattle of Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Blood samples (1500) were collected from clinically suspected cattle in span of one year. All blood samples were examined through microscope. Overall incidence of babesiosis was 54.80%.B. bovesshowed high prevalence (35.46%) than B. bigemina (19.33%). Females were more prone as compared to male cattle ...

Muhammad Shakeel1*, Mudussar Nawaz1, Zahid Naseer1, Muhammad Fiaz1, Asghar Khan1, Muhammad Imran Khan1, Awais Ur Rehman1, Ahmad Yar Qamar2 and Ali Raza3

Caprine and Ovine Serological Evidence of Brucellosis in Five Districts of Punjab, Pakistan
...nt study reports the seroprevalence of brucellosis in different sheep and goat breeds in five districts of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 1239 serum samples were collected from male (n=73) and female (n=1166) different sheep (n = 865; Pak-Karakal, Thalli, Lohi, Kajli and non-descript type) and goat (n = 374; Teddy, Beetal and non-descript type) breeds of variable age groups (0 months to 4years). All the serum samples were analyzed using Rose Bengal Plate Test (R...

Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud1, Yonis Abukar Mohamed2, Osman Sheikh Ali Jama3, Pravin Mishra4* and Mohamed Idiris Mohamed5 

Prevalence and Major Pathogens Associated with Clinical and Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Benadir Region of Somalia
...r 2019 to figure out the prevalence of both clinical and subclinical mastitis in lactating camels in the Benadir Region of Somalia and also to recognize the associated microorganisms as causal agents of mastitis. The prevalence of this study was measured by using California mastitis test (CMT). Milk samples were collected from the Deyniile District, Benadir Region of Somalia. The overall prevalence

Md. Aminul Islam1*, A.N.M. Aminoor Rahman2, Mohammad Shah Alam3 and Md. Taimur Islam4

Gastrointestinal Nematodiasis in Quail in Bangladesh
... attempt to find out the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodiasis in quail in Bangladesh. A total of 200 fecal samples were collected from quail farms from various regions of Bangladesh. The fecal samples analyzed by direct smear methods and nematodes identified by the presence of characteristic eggs in the feces. Five types of nematode eggs found on different farms. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodiasis...

Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Obinna Oragwa Arthur2, Ocheme Julius Okojokwu1, Sarah Joseph1, Geoffrey Chibueze1, Joshua Adetunji1, Joseph Ameh Okwori3, David Ochola Amanyi4, Otobo I. Ujah5 and Onyemocho Audu6

Seroprevalence of Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection among Slaughtered Ruminants in Jos, North-Central, Nigeria
...e aimed to determine the prevalence of antibodies against RVFV in slaughtered ruminants in Jos, North-Central, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 100 livestock (cattle and goats) at selected slaughter locations in Jos Metropolis. Questionnaires were administered to obtain information on animal species, sex, and localities of origin. The blood samples were screened for RVFV antibodies using competitive Enzyme Linked-immunosorbent Assays (C-ELISA) to det...

Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Dorcas Yilger Gotom1, Noble Allison Chiehiura1, Julius Ocheme Okojokwu1, David Ochola Amanyi2, John Otumala Egbere1, Joshua Adetunji1, Otobo Innocent Ujah3 and Onyemocho Audu4

The Seroprevalence of Zika Virus Infection among HIV Positive and HIV Negative Pregnant Women in Jos, Nigeria
...imed to describe the seroprevalence of ZIKVI and associated factors in Jos, North Central Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was performed at Plateau State Specialist Hospital in Jos, North Central Nigeria from August to December 2020. We enrolled a total of 90 (45 HIV positive and 45 HIV negative) pregnant women aged ≥18 and ≤50 years attending antenatal clinic. Ethical approval was obtained and approved by the Health Research Ethics Committee of the hosp...
Sher Bahadar Khan1, Mumtaz Ali Khan2,*, Hameed Ullah Khan3, Sher Ali Khan4, Shah Fahad5, Faheem Ahmad Khan6, Irshad Ahmad7, Nighat Nawaz8, Sidra Bibi9 and Muhammad Muneeb10
...resistant genes. Overall prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni was 14% being higher in Peshawar division (21%) followed by Bannu division (16%), Malakand division (13%) and Hazara division (8%). Over all highest antibiotic resistance was found against AMX (93%) followed by LIN (88%), AMP (86%), TET (82%), SXT (75), CHL (68%), CLR (65%), STR (50%), GEN (44%), OFX (27%), CIP (25%), LFX (13%) and AZM (11%) while the least resistance was found against GAT (8%)...
Atef  Mohamed El-Sagheer
Status of Phytonematodes in a Main Commercial Banana Production of Upper Egypt
...ns were surveyed for the prevalence of phytonematodes in Assiut governorate at middle of Upper Egypt. The encountered phytonematodes were identified during the survey belong to sixteen genera comprising sixteen genera belonging to nine families viz., Criconemella, Criconemoides, Ditylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Heterodera, Hoplolaimus, Longidorus, Meloidogyne, Paratylenchus, Pratylenchus, Radopholus, Rotylenchulus, Rotylenchus, Tylenchorhynchus, Tylenchus and Xip...

 Majid Shahi Bajestani1, Esmat Mahdikhani Moghadam2*, Reza Aghnoum3 and Hamid Rohani2

Study of Plant Parasitic Nematodes and Description of New Record (Rotylenchus alius) Associated with Barley (Hordium vulgare L.) in Khorasan Razavi Province, Northeast Iran
...collected to examine the prevalence of Plant parasitic nematodes. In morphological and morphometrical identification 18 species were recorded belonging to nine genera. Among these species, Rotylenchus alius was found as a new record from Iran and Basiria gracilis, Boleodorus thylactus, Ditylenchus apus and Meloidogyne arenaria were reported as new host record from barley fields of Iran. Meloidogyne arenaria, was selected for detailed investigation at molecular...
Neelam Pery1*, Fatima Ijaz1, Nayab Batool Rizvi1, Munawar Ali Munawar1 and Muhammad Imtiaz Shafiq2*
... autoimmune disease with prevalence all over the world. Several therapeutics with different modes of action are available to deal with the disease but have failed to produce universal response leaving a large proportion of patients untreated. This is due to complex pathogenesis comprising a network of signaling pathways. By controlling one pathway, the pathogenesis continues through complementary pathways. Janus kinase and bruton’s tyrosine kinase regula...
Faryal Saad1,3, Zia Ur Rahman2, Aamir Khan3, Rabia Noushin4, Irfan Ullah5, Farman Ullah Dawar3,Shahid Naiz Khan3, Rafiqe Hussain6, Kenza Javed2Abid ur Rehman7, Amna Fayaz3, Zohra Saifullah3 and Kalim Ullah3*
...as set to assess the seroprevalence and molecular detection of CMV infection among pregnant women of districts Lakki Marwat and Bannu of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A total of 188 blood samples were randomly collected from pregnant women of both districts and were examined through Enzyme-Linked Immunosorrbent Assay (ELISA) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for CMV. Out of total 88 samples, 73.40% were positive for CMV through ELISA and 57.44% were positive for CMV t...
Mushtaq Ahamd Khan1, Ziaul Islam2, *, Amin Ullah Jan3, Kamran Khan2 and Abdullah Shah3
...onducted to estimate seroprevalence and potential risk factors in acquiring T. gondii infection by child-bearing age women in Dir Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Pakistan. A cross sectional study was conducted and data regarding risk factors were recorded through questionnaire. A total of 405 women of child bearing age were serologically tested for T. gondii antibodies through immuno-chromatographic technique using strips (CTK, USA) and Indirect Enzyme Link...
Mudussar Nawaz1, Iahtasham Khan2, Muhammad Shakeell*, Arfan Yousaf1, Zahid Naseer1, Munibullah1, Ali Zohaib3, Riaz Hussain4 and Qudrat Ullah5
...k aimed to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in buffaloes and goats of Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan. A total of 341 milk samples from buffaloes (n=180) and goats (n=161) were screened by (Milk Ring Test) MRT and milk i-ELISA for anti-Brucella antibodies. Higher prevalence was found in buffaloes (5.6% and 16.1%) than in goat (4.97% and 1.9%) both through MRT and i-ELISA respectively. Commercial productio...

Masoud Hassani1* and Omid Madadgar2,3

Serological Evidence of Bluetongue in Iran: A Meta-Analysis Study
...aimed to present the seroprevalence on BT in farm animals of Iran based-on a meta-analysis study. The meta-analysis study was conducted in national and international databases to find articles which evaluated bluetongue seroprevalence by antibody-captured ELISA test in livestock in Iran by searching terms including bluetongue, sheep, ovine, goat, caprine, cow, cattle, bovine, buffalo, camel, Iran and

Sidra Shehzadi, Sher Bahadar Khan*, Umar Sadique and Saqib Nawaz

Isolation and Molecular Identification of Clostridium perfringens Type D in Goats in District Peshawar
... D  and the overall prevalence of enterotoxaemia in goats in district Peshawar was 25%. The prevalence of enterotoxaemia was 24%, 44%, 20% and 12% in zone I, II, III and IV respectively.  Zone II showed the highest prevalence rate of 44%. However, the colony morphology, microscopy, biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction of C. perfringens  type D showed that PCR is a...
Saima Yaqub1, Tahir Yaqub1*, Muhammad Zubair Shabbir2, Asif Nadeem3Aziz-Ul-Rahman1, Muhammad Furqan Shahid1, Zarfishan Tahir4 and Nadia Mukhtar4
...ds current status of HIV prevalence and genomic characteristics of circulating strains is crucial to devise and implement necessary interventions to control disease in developing countries like Pakistan. A total of 201 plasma samples were collected from IDUs. Samples were first screened using HIV-1 Ag/Ab Combo test and then antigen positive samples were amplified for HIV-1 pol gene (1084 bp) and analyzed. Initial screening showed a total of 49 HIV samples posi...

Said Sajjad Ali Shah1*, Muhammad Ilyas Khan1, Aziz Ullah1, Hayat Ullah2 and Faisal Ahmad2

Coprological Examination of Small and Large Ruminants in Central Zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
...ject was to find out the prevalence of internal parasites in small and large ruminants in central zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For this purpose, a total of 1700 fecal samples were received from central districts and processed for coprological examination. Out of 1700 samples, 947 samples (55.7%) were positive for intestinal parasites. Specie wise prevalence of GI parasites was recorded as 51.5% in cows, 58.3% in buffalo, 73.9...
Arnab Tanveer, Shabana Naz*, Azhar Rafique and Asma Ashraf
...as conducted to find the prevalence of endo-parasites in Pavo cristatus and the comparative efficacy of Albandazole and Levamisole against the endo parasites at three different locations viz. Jallo Wildlife Park Lahore, Wildlife Park Murree and Wildlife Park Bahawalnagar. Freshly dropped fecal sample were collected once before treatment with anthelminthic drug and twice after treatment and brought to laboratory for qualitative and quantitative analysis....
Muhammad Shoaib1, Imran Rashid1*, Haroon Akbar1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh2, Shahid Hussain Farooqi3, Muhammad Asif3, Mumtaz Ali Khan4, Shakeel Mahmood5 and Farhan Anwar Khan6
... study was to assess the prevalence of ixodid ticks and associated animals’ related risk factors. A total of 434 tick infested cattle from three districts were examined conveniently. The genus Rhipicephalus was the most prevalent (68.4%) followed by Hyalomma (19.6%) and mixed tick infestation (12%) in all study districts, respectively. The difference in prevalence of tick infestation was non-significant a...
Jia Shi
...: justify;"> index). The prevalence was estimated based on the Random Effect size model in Revman software (version 3.5). The main result of this study showed that, in the 14 studies that PEG interferon was prescribed for patients with Hbe Ag negative chronic hepatitis B, the pooled incidence of treatment responders in comparison to non-responders was significantly lower (OR = 0.78, CI (0.7-0.87), p <0.0001). High heterogeneity was observed in this analysis...
Amjad Ali, Kafeel Ahmad*and Shaista Rahat
...sistance (MAR) index and prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamases among clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa collected from tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar, Pakistan.A total of 187 P. aeruginosa isolates were collected. Antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method using nineteen different antibiotics and multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was determined. Prevalence...
Hina Habib Syed1, Muzafar Shah2*, Shahid Sherzada3 and Masroor Elahi Babar1
...ears (0.86%). Month wise prevalence was found highest in the month of July (39.48%) i.e. summer season and lowest in the month of February (2.25%) i.e. winter month. Patients tested for malaria parasite belonged to the following seven (7) Tehsils wherein the rate of positive infected cases in descending order was: Barikot > Kabal > Babuzai > Matta > Khwazakhela > Charbagh > Bahrain. It is concluded from this study that P. vivax is the ...
Nosheen Basharat1, Usman Waheed2,3*, Muhammad Arshad1, Noor e Saba4, Iram Masood1, Akhlaaq Wazeer1, Ahmad Farooq1, Sadaf Moneeba1Abdul Rauf5 and Hasan Abbas Zaheer2,3

 

...ective percentage of TTV prevalence in HCV, HBV and healthy blood donors by ELISA and PCR were 22%, 38%, and 25%, respectively. To conclude, TTV is found with other transfusion transmitted infections, hence, preventive measures should be taken for better health of general population as blood donors represent healthy pool of society. TTV prevalence knowledge in Pakistan will help to develop strategy to control virus transmiss...
Eman Khalifa1*, Riad Khalil2 and Haitham Elaadli3
...h aimed to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis from buffaloes’ mastitic milk by isolation on Lowenstein-Jensen medium (LJ medium), Ziehl-Neelsen staining; identification by different biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at 500bp diagnostic for M. bovis, as well as (2) to determine the therapeutic efficacy of the various antimicrobials (9 types) on the isolated M. bovis by using different antimicrobial sen...
Roland Eric Yessinou1*, Alain Richi Kamga Waladjo2, Nestor Noudeke1, Ignace Dramou3, Justin Adinsi1, Victorien Tamègnon Dougnon4, Elsie Yélognisê Sangnidjo5, Razack Osse5, Alfred Dansou6 and Souaïbou Farougou1
...cted to determine pooled prevalence estimates for each category Analysis was done using the metaprop command in STATA version 15 and MetaXL software. A total of 18.111 individual samples from 11 countries, described in 34 articles were studied. Analysis of twenty-six studies indicated that the pooled prevalence was 19.0% [95% CI (15.0-23.0 %), I2 = 97.93%]. There was a high level of heterogeneity between studie...
BamideleAkinsanya1, Isaac O Ayanda2,*, Benson Onwusa1 and Joseph K Saliu1
... There was 72% infection prevalence. The result also revealed that both BTEX and PAHs were accumulated in the body of the parasite. Two components of BTEX, (1,2-dichlorobenzene and 1,3-dichlorobenzene) and five PAH congeners-Acenaphthylene, Phenanthrene, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene were not detected in the parasite. Total BTEX and PAH concentrations in the parasite was 47.45±7.68 and 135.12±2.547, respecti...
Muhammad Moosa Abro1*, Nadir Ali Birmani2 and Muhammad Bachal Bhutto3
...g in buccal capsule. The prevalence of subgenus was higher in Mastacembelus armatus (33.33%) than Oreochromis niloticus (7.69%). There is difference of mean intensity (3.66 and 4) and density (1.2 and 0.306) of Sprirocamallanus in both fishes. This subgenus is recorded for first time in Mastacembelus armatus and Oreochromis niloticus from the lower Indus river in Sindh province of Pakistan.
...

Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Jennifer Ifeoma Okpara1, James Mogoret Dabol1, Joshua Adetunji1, David Adeniyi2, David O. Amanyi3, Otobo I. Ujah4, Veronica David1, Patience Omaiye5 and Onyemocho Audu6

...y aimed to determine the prevalence of HDV infection in HBV/HIV and HBV-mono infected patients in Jos, Nigeria. This cross-sectional study was conducted on ninety (45 HBV/HBV and 45 HBV-mono) infected patients with chronic hepatitis B attending the hepatitis clinics of the two tertiary hospitals (Plateau State Teaching Hospital and HIV treatment center, at Jos University Teaching Hospital), Jos Metropolis from September to December 2018. The anti-HDV antibodie...

Saad A. Moussa1, Ahmed F. Afify1*, Suzan Salah2 and Ayman Hamed3

...dered an alarmingly high prevalence that requires further statistically designed epidemiological studies, phylogenetic analysis revealed minimum evolution rate and stability of BCoV genome.

...

Md. Ariful Islam, Md. Badol Ashraf and Md. Mahmudul Alam*

...d seasons influenced the prevalence of surgical affections. Heavy rainfall and high humidity have made this region a vulnerable place for the prevalence of surgical affections in calves. This study has correlated between different variables and the prevalence of surgical affections in Mymensingh district. Variables like sex, breed and season have found to be influenced the abundance of sur...

Mehwish Saleem1*, Maria Tahir1, Maryam Ilyas2 and Aqsa Malik2

...om 21-40 years have high prevalence of hypocalcaemia (n=11) 57%. Hypocalcaemia in cancer patients is commonly encountered, in hospitalized patients due to side effect of chemotherapy or other drugs. 

...
Arsalan Rasheed1, Tahir Usman2,*, Sadaf Niaz1, Irfan Khattak2, Saira Gul2, Nawab Ali1,Naimat Ullah Khan2, Hazrat Ali2, and Mian Saeed Sarwar2
...piratory Syndrome 2. The prevalence rate is high during winter and spring. Genomes of coronaviruses have large enveloped +RNA. First human corona viruses, causing respiratory diseases, were identified in 1960s, but they were not considered highly pathogenic to humans until severe respiratory syndrome broke out in China during 2003. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, and novel Corona Virus Disease (nCOVID-19) or Severe Acute Re...
Abdul Muhaimin Wahab1, Basit Zeshan2,*, Naveed Ahmed2, Muhammad Afzal2 and Muhammad Naveed2
...nducted to determine the prevalence of C. jejuni, risk factors associated with the occurrence, identification control and preventive measure to reduce the prevalence in broiler chicken farms in Kelantan state located at east coast region of peninsula Malaysia. Eighty cloacal swab samples were collected from 4 different broiler chicken farms in district Tumpat, Machang and Bachok. The samples were processed for identif...
Naimat Ullah Khan1*, Muhammad Hassan Saleem2, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Nisar Ahmad2, Muhammad Shafee3, Ayesha Hassan2, Mumtaz Ali Khan2 and Nadeem Rashid3
...en aimed to find out its prevalence and chemotherapy of cryptosporidiosis in goats in three selected districts of southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. A total of 1440 fecal samples were collected from goats, 120 samples per month from each of 3 districts for twelve months. Identification of oocysts was done through conventional acid fast ZN staining. Prevalence in District Bannu was 48/480 (10%) followed by District ...
Saqib Nawaz1, Sher Bahadar Khan1*, Umar Sadique1, Muhammad Israr2
Mumtaz Ali Khan3, Hameed Ullah Khan4, Muhammad Irshad5, Ihsan Ali1 and Haq Aman Ullah1
...e results revealed 6-34% prevalence of C. perfringens type D in different regions. Similarly, significantly (P˂0.001) higher prevalence was observed in lambs (54%) as compared to sheep (23%). For gross and histopathological lesions a total of 50 animals were necropsied infected with C. perfringens type D. A total of 43 (86%) sheep were recorded having hemorrh...

Attaullah Jan1*, Saleem Khan2, Iftikhar Alam1, Farzeen Khan3 and Muhammad Farooq4*

Iqra Muzammil1, Muhammad Ijaz Saleem1, Amjad Islam Aqib2,*, Ambreen Ashar3Syed Ashar Mahfooz1, Sajjad ur Rahman4, Muhammad Shoaib4, Muhammad Aamir Naseer1, Imran Khan Sohrani1, Javeed Ahmad1, Razaullah Saqi1, Fizzah Laeeq Lodhi1 and
Qaisar Tanveer5
... designed to investigate prevalence of pathogenic strains of S. aureus, assessment of risk factors, and in-vitro antibiogram of non-biofilm producing S. aureus (nbpSA) and biofilm positive S. aureus (bpSA)from mastitic goats. The purposive sampling technique was applied to collect n=200 milk samples from different regions of goat populated areas of district Faisalabad-Pakistan. Using surf field mastitis test, collected milk samples ...
Sajid Ali1, Muhammad Avais1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Kamran Ashraf2, Saira Jabeen1, Sajid Hameed3, Muhammad Awais1, Jawaria Ali Khan1 and Imtiaz Ahmad4 
...udy was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of lameness at commercial dairy herds in Punjab, Pakistan. The sample size was 2,555 cows from 15 dairy herds assessed using a 5-point locomotion rating scale. A cow with a locomotion score of 3 or higher was considered to be lame. Lame cows were investigated for hoof and claw disorders based on clinical assessment. The prevalence of lameness at the herd-level r...
Sana Ilyas1, Muhammad Hidayat Rasool1,*, Muhammad Javed Arshed2, Muhammad Usman Qamar1 and Bilal Aslam1
...aimed to investigate the prevalence and genomic characterization of ESBL producing E. coli from poultry, environment and poultry farm workers in Islamabad and Rawalpindi Pakistan.A total of 250 poultry samples, 92 poultry environmental samples, and 50 poultry farm worker’s urine samples were screened for ESBL producing E. coli using ChromeIDTM ESBL agar. Biochemical confirmation of the isolates was carried out by API 20E. The ant...
Rahma Mohamed, Sara Nader, Dalia Hamza and Maha A. Sabry*
...demiological data on the prevalence of this fungus in donkeys. The current research was conducted to investigate the possible role of the Egyptian donkeys in the epidemiology of such pathogen. Bacteriological analysis of nasal swabs of 52 diseased and healthy donkeys at different localities in Egypt revealed that the overall occurrence of Cryptococcus spp. was 11.5%. The highest proportion was in El-Fayoum Governorate (25). Phenotypic identification of ...

Mohammed Bashar Danlami1*, Basiru Aliyu1, Abbas Bazata Yusuf1, Bashar Gulumbe Haruna1 and Asmau Nono Mahe1

... This study examines the prevalence of abnormal and unsatisfactory Pap smear among women attending Federal Medical Center Birnin Kebbi. The study was a retrospective review of all Conventional Papanicolaou smear registry data of women who underwent a cytological examination at the cytology unit of the FMC Birnin Kebbi spanning a period of 10 years (2009-2019). The study used a hospital-based archive that covers the entire Kebbi State without any well-defined p...
Samina Tahir Kiani1, Abdul Rauf1, Syed Ayaz Kazmi1,*, Nuzhat Shafi1, Madiha Khalid2, Naeem Latif1, Samina Gul2, Saghir Yousaf3 and Muhammad Arshad4
...esent work describes the prevalence of above-mentioned diseases in underprivileged orphans of District Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Blood samples of a total of 300 children (150 males and 150 females), 4-17 years of age were screened for anti-HCV antibody, HBsAg and anti-MTB antibodies using ICT kits. Sputum microscopy for MTB was done in MTB antibody positive samples. The samples positive in initial screening were confirmed by enzyme linked immunosorbent ass...

Maha I. El Zaafarany1, WafaaM. Badawy2, Eman M. El Salakh3

...udy was to determine the prevalence of HPV in breast cancer.Fifty four fresh frozen breast cancers samples were analyzed. Samples were tested for HPV by PCR, and products were sequenced. Findings were correlated with clinical and pathological characteristics.The HPV DNA prevalence in the breast cancer samples was 28 % (15/54). Sequence analysis in a subgroup of cases indicates the prevalence

Serag eldeen Sultana, M.W Abdel azeemb, Nahla Mohamed Eldamranyc

... tests revealed that the prevalence of AIV antibodies was 12.6% (18/143). The seropositive samples represented 5/143 and 15/108 for ELISA and HI, respectively. The detection of both H5 and H9 antibodies in (4) samples indicated that co-infection may occur, while (10) samples were only containing H9 antibodies and (1) sample was H5 positive by HI test. The AIV positive samples were detected in (9) species belongs to (5) orders and (7) families. The Anseriformes...

Aya El-Turkey1, A. K. El-Attar1, A. E. Aboulata1, B. Othman2 and K. A. El-dougdoug2

...nsmitted virus. HSV-2 is prevalence in European countries and also in Egyptian-closed societies like Upper Egypt. Egyptian isolate of HSV-2 was isolated and Glycoprotein D (HSV-2gD) subunit was amplified using specific PCR primers.PCR product was molecularly cloned in t E.coli cells using PCR2.1/TOPO/ TA cloning vector. HSV-2gD fragment was liberated from 1 μg recombinant plasmid by using the restriction endonuclease EcoRI. HSV-2gD was successfully sub-clon...

Rafia Ahsan1, Saif Ullah1, Ijaz Yaseen1, Faisal Sohail Fateh1, Muhammad Fayyaz1, Shahzad Asad1, Atif Jamal1, Muhammad Sufyan2 and Muhammad Zakria1*

... In Punjab, high disease prevalence was observed in Gujranwala (55%), Hafizabad (36%), Sialkot (29%) and Narowal (27%). No disease was observed in Wazirabad, Zafar Wal and Gujrat. The disease incidence in Gujranwala, Sialkot and Narowal was 35%, 50% and 21% respectively, and severity ranged from 0-80%, 0-70% and 0-70% respectively. In KP 3 rice growing areas were surveyed. In Mansehra the disease incidence (37%) and severity (0-70%) was lower compared to Swat ...

Abdou Nagy1, Fatma Abdallah1, Kareem Sweed2, Ahmed Salama3, Mohamed Omar4

...udy aimed to perform seroprevalence of aMPV for non-vaccinated chicken and duck
flocks from six provinces of Egypt (Ash Sharqiyah, Ismailia, Qalyubia, Menufia, Sohaq and North-
Sinai) and determine its economic effect.
Methods: Serum samples were collected from non-aMPV vaccinated apparently healthy 40 chicken
(23 broilers and 17 layers) and 8 duck (6 Pekin and 2 Muscovy) flocks and then, tested with
...
Saira Gul1,2, Sohail Ahmed2*, Tahir Usman1*, Khalid Khan3, Sultan Ayaz1, Saleha Gul4 and Nawab Ali5
...p;study investigated the prevalence of A. marginale in cattle on different commercial farms in subtropical conditions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). A total of 120 cattle from different farms were randomly sampled and tested for the presence of A. marginale between May to August 2016. The study revealed that 15.0%, 20.8% and 29.1% of sampled animals were found positive for A. marginale using microscopic examination, i...
Othman N. O. Mansour 1, Naglaa Hagag 2, Momtaz A. Shahein 1, Sayed S. Hassan 1 Ahmed
A. EL-Sanousi 3 and Mohamed A. Shalaby3
...im to know the extent of prevalence of new Exotic diseases like MERS among
imported camels from some endemic countries in Africa, and to check our local breeds of camels in
different governorates of Egypt for presence of MERS-CoV among them.
Methods: During the period of March 2016 to December 2017, 1500 nasal swabs were collected from
imported camels in Birqash veterinary quarantine, 195 nasal swab and Serum sam...

Ljupco Angelovski*, Zagorka Popova, Katerina Blagoevska, Sandra Mojsova, Marija Ratkova Manovska, Mirko Prodanov, Dean Jankuloski, Pavle Sekulovski

...ds confirmed the overall prevalence of C. jejuni of 39.2%. In the second part of the study 108 confirmed isolates of C. jejuni were analyzed for the presence of resistance genes (CmeB, Blaoxa-61, tet(O), aph-3-1 and aadE). The analysis in the third part of the study was concentrated on the antimicrobial resistance of the C. jejuni isolates towards three important antimicrobials (ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and tetracycline). The PCR method us...
Muhammad Noman Koondhar1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1,*, Muhammad Ammar Khan2, Riaz Ahmed Leghari3 and Parkash Dewani4
...gher (p< 0.05) prevalence rate in minced beef (28%) and lymph nodes (24%) as compared to the muscles (12%). The highest antimicrobial resistance was recorded against the antibiotics of penicillin group (88.5 to 93.7%), followed by the aminoglycosides (68.4 to 85.5%), tetracycline (73.9 to 78.6%), and quinolones (59.6 to 63.1%). While lowest resistance level was observed against the antibiotics of cephalosporin group (32.1 to 52.6%). Among 13 isolates...
Houqiang Luo1*, Yanfang Lan2, Ping Gan3, Wenjun Zhou4, Meng Wang1
Bing Hu5, Zhuning Zhang5, Yu Bai1* and Kun Li6*
...We have investigated the prevalence of R. sanguineus and E. canis infection in pet dogs in Wenzhou, China. Serum samples were obtained from animal hospitals were examined for antibodies by commercial rapid in-clinic ELISA kits. Ticks were collected from dogs and molecular detection methods were used to identify the tick species and CME by amplification of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I and disulfide oxidoreductase gene, respectively. The result...
Zhongyong Wu1, Wenzhu Li2, Chunxia Ni1, Zhuolin He1, Xiao Hou1 and Wanxia Pu1*
... (21/55) had the highest prevalence rate and type 8 (10/55) was higher than other types in Shanghai, both of them were closely related. The results showed that the genotype distribution in various regions was noticeably different. Differences in dairy farming practices, geographical environments, and the use of antibiotics may be the reasons for the varied distribution of different genotypes in those provinces.
...

 Yanqiang Zhou1, Lixin Wang1, Chunxiao Hao1, Xiuyun Li2, Shakeel Hussain1, Dongdong Shen1, Zhiwei Peng1, Qi`an Zhai1 and Zhijun Hou1,*

...tudy was to find out the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in blue wildebeest, alpacas, and goats with same husbandry and fence site in Harbin Zoo, China. From August 2015 to August 2016, 507 fecal samples of blue wildebeest (188), alpacas (195) and goats (124) were examined for gastrointestinal parasites by saturated sodium chloride floatation technique. The microscopic analysis, based on the morphology of oocysts, indicates that the present parasites ...
Waqar Ali1,3*, Muhammad Yaqoob2, Abida Arshad1, Guifu Dai3,Safir Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Arshad Malik4, Imran Ullah1 and Ihsan Ullah1
...al goats were tested for prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis through surf field mastitis test. The bacterial isolates identified through different biochemical test and colony morphology from positive milk sample were Staphylococcus aureus (25.4%), Escherichia coli (20.3%), Streptococcus (16.9%) in which (6.7%) Streptococcus agalactiae, and (10.1%) other streptococcus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.2%), ...

Raheela Noor Memon1*, Nadir Ali Birmani1, Naeem Tariq Narejo2 and Shahnaz Rashid3

... conducted to assess the prevalence of helminth parasites in Cyprinuscarpioat Chilya, Fish Hatchery, Thatta, Sindh from February 2019 to January 2020. A total of 107 samples of Cyprinuscarpio were tested during the research and helminths were found in 17 out of 107. Various helminths groups were identified including trematode and acanthocephalan. Other helminths groups, such as cestodes and nematodes were not noted. These helminths infected the gut of Cyprinus...
Manar M. Farouk1*, Amal El-Molla1, Fayez A. Salib1 and Yousef A. Soliman2
...ted factors. The overall prevalence of salmonellosis among diarrheic sheep and goats was 3.86%, and the disease prevalence per each flock ranged from 0% to 7.55%. The factors that were found to be associated with disease occurrence included, absence of isolation of newly- purchased animals and isolation pen for sick animals, over the counter use of antimicrobials, lack of disinfection of feeding utensils and water troughs, a...
Nida Sadaqat1, Abdul Wajid2, Quratul Ain2, Muhammad Zia Akbar2Farkhanda Manzoor4, Muhammad Sarwar Khan1, Nasir Ali3,  Masroor Ellahi Babar3 and Tanveer Hussain3*
Shoaib ur Rehman1, Jabbar Khan2*, Raaza Malja Khan3, Maimoona Azam4 and Zeeshan Mutahir5
...udy was to determine the prevalence of six common β-thal mutations, their frequency, consanguinity in parents and inheritance pattern in patients of Karak region, Khyber Pakhunkhwa (KP) province, Pakistan. During the study, 200 peripheral blood samples were collected both from families having at least one transfusion dependent child and sporadic patients from different areas of karak region. Using the amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase ch...
Hailong Dong1, Fubin Gan2, Khalid Mehmood3, Jiang-Yong Zeng4, Rao Zahid Abbas5, Mushtaq Ahmad Gondal6, Zhenyu Chang1 and Qingxia Wu1*
...s, respectively. The seroprevalence of F. hepatica increased from 20.75% to 48.8% with age of yaks, with the further distribution of 20.75%, 30.23%, 39.55%, 37.70% and 48.8% for age groups: <0.5 year, 0.5-1 year, >1-2 year, >2-4 years and >4 years, respectively. The prevalence in the male and female yaks was 32.51% and 39.05%, respectively. The physical examination showed a poor body condition with em...
Shabana Naz1*, Nishat Ali Khan1, Arnab Tanweer1, Shifa Moazzam1, Qudrat Ullah2, Farkhanda Asad1, Irfan Khattak3, Sajida Batool4 and Rifat Ullah Khan5
... (10 %). The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 70 % having EPG 9150. The efficacy of Lemavisole (97.26%) against gastrointestinal parasites was greater than Albendazole (94.53 %). The results of the present study showed that birds in Jallo Wildlife Park, Lahore are infected with different gastrointestinal parasites. Also the results indicated that Levamisole was more effective anthelmintic against gastrointestinal parasites.
...

Md. Sanjid Hasan1, A K M Humayun Kober1, Eaftekhar Ahmed Rana2, Md Saiful Bari1,3,4* 

...der lesions. The overall prevalence of SCM and udder lesions were 56.8% and 32.1%, respectively. Most of the farms under study were small scale (94%) except a few were medium-scale (6%). Very few farms used quarantine and isolation shed (6%) for the disease affected cows. Among the risk factors identified; type of farm, floor type, quarantine facility, isolation shed used, adequate drainage facility were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) to causing both ...

Mohammed Naji Ahmed Odhah1,2*, Dhary Alewy Almashhadany6, Abdullah Garallah Otaifah7, Bashiru Garba5, Najeeb Mohammed Salah2, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse4*, Mohd Azam Khan G.K3 

... investigate the current prevalence of hydatidosis and to determine the fertility of hydatid cysts among some ruminants (both local and imported breeds of cattle, sheep, and goats) slaughtered in the abattoirs in Dhamar Province-Yemen. The samples were collected from the Central Corporation Slaughterhouse in Dhamar-Yemen from January 2019 to November 2020. During this period, a total of 29,071 and 5,705 samples were collected from local and imported food anima...
Muhammad Anwarullah1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Ijaz1Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Muhammad Usman1*,Muhammad Zahid Iqbal1Muhammad Husnain1,Ahsan Anjum3, Qurratulain Ashraf4 and Ghulam Mustafa3

...nt study elucidated sero-prevalence of Mycobacterium avium sub sp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in cattle and buffalo. Diarrhea is a major risk factor for MAP, so 1100 blood samples were collected from diarrheic animals or having history of some diarrheic episodes from four districts of Punjab i.e. Kasur (n=300), Rawalpindi (n=230), Lahore (n=230) and Bahawalpur (n=340). These samples were tested using ELISA and overall seropre...

Asad Ullah1*, Umar Sadique2, Ibadullah Jan2, Imad Khan1, Raheela Taj3, Mumtaz Ali Khan4, Salah-ud-din4, Naimat Ullah Khan1

...nvestigate the molecular prevalence of bTB. Overall, 390 no of sputum samples collected as of 800-participants comprised of TB patients (100), livestock(L/S) farm employees(200), abattoir employees(174), butchers(294), veterinarian(10) and veterinary assistants(22). Two out of 100 TB patients (2/100), 3 out of 200 livestock farm workers (3/200) and 3 out of 23 abattoir workers (3/23) were found positive for the presence of M bovis through PCR technique. A sign...

Shireen S. Aboelwafa¹, Alsagher O. Ali², Rania Hamada³, Hassan Y.A.H. Mahmoud2* 

... So that we estimate the prevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum infections in Egyptian small ruminants, by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess the seroprevalence in 92 sheep and 92 goats from four districts in Luxor governorate (Al-Qurnah, Armant, At-Tod, Esna). A total of 92 sheep were sampled, of which 37 (40.2%) were positive for T. gondii, six (6.5%) were positive for N. caninum and four (4.3%) were...

Sadaf Shahid1, Abdul Razzaq2, Gul-Makai1, Asim Shamim3*, Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan4, Rana Hamid Ali Nisar5, Qaiser Akram6, Mohsin Nawaz3 

...asons to determine ticks prevalence. The overall prevalence of tick infestation in the sheep and goat population of the Quetta district was 12.26%. Five species of ticks i.e. Ixodes (3.98%), Haemaphysalis (1.90%), Hyalomma (7.38%), Rhipicephalus (7.14%), and Boophilus (2.62%) were prevalent in the study area. A non-significant association (P > 0.05) of tick infestation with sheep and goat breeds was found in the present s...

Amjad Ali Channa1, Mansoor Tariq1*, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1, Nazeer Hussain Kalhoro2 

...nducted to determine the prevalence of avian influenza H5, H7 and H9 viruses in broilers at Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 1920 samples, including each of 960 blood samples and tracheal swabs were collected from broilers and tested through hemagglutination inhibition (HI), AIV-ELISA and RT-PCR. The HI test revealed a significant (P<0.01) difference in the seroprevalence of H9 virus (40.11%), H5 virus (16.88%) and H7 virus ...

Sameh Abdel-Moez Ahmed Amer1*, Mohamed Abdel-Aziz Kutkat1, Mohamed Mahmoud Abdel-Baki1, Asmaa Mahmoud Maatouq1, Omnia Mohamed Kutkat2, Hagar Magdy Ahmed1, Khaled Mohamed El-Bayoumi1 

...t study investigated the prevalence and the phylography of currently epidemic genotypes of NDV. Out of 550 samples were collected during an active surveillance in 2020 and 2021 from different poultry farms in five Egyptian governorates, 100 pooled samples were tested for NDV identification. NDV replication and growth was detected by embryo mortality after inoculation of all samples in one passage in embryonated chicken eggs and further testing by haemagglutina...

Grace Chinenye Onyishi, Chinedu Ifeanyi Atama*, Fejiokwu Esther Chioma, Ifeanyi O Aguzie, Godwin I Ngwu and Christopher Didigwu Nwani

...ys were infected (100.0% prevalence). The difference in infection prevalence between horses and donkeys was not significant (χ2 = 4.190, df = 1, P = 0.060). This study revealed that helminthiases is one of the commonest ill-causing factors in donkeys and horses. It is therefore important that strategic treatment of equines be undertaken.

...

Mohamed S. Hussein1*, Hanan A. Fahmy2, Ashraf A. Abd El Tawab3 

...in any isolate. The high prevalence of fluoroquinolones resistance, and transferable fluoroquinolones resistance determinants in E. coli from apparently healthy broilers in this study could pose a serious public health hazard, which highlights the need for effective monitoring and surveillance programs and cooperation between the sectors related to the epidemiology of these determinants.

Keywords | Antimicrobial resistance, Broiler chickens, Commensal...

Martha Echioda Ogbole*, James Agbo Ameh, Samuel Mailafia, Olatunde Hamza Olabode and Bridget Jessica Adah

... to determine the annual prevalence, distribution and case fatality rate (CFR) of LF in Nigeria with a view to establish the disease burden and dynamics, and to guide a sustainable control plan. The LF weekly epidemiological reports were obtained from the Nigeria Center for Disease Control (NCDC) between January 2016 - January 2021. Positive cases were confirmed based on laboratory confirmation of LV- transcription polymerase chain reaction (LASV-RT- PCR). The...
Muhammad Qasim Mazari1, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro1,*, Hasina Baloch1, Muhammad Saleem Kalhoro2, Shahid Hussain Abro1, Rehana Buriro1, Asmatullah Kaka1, Fahmida Parveen1, Mazhar Hussain Mangi3, Ghulam Murtaza Lochi1, Abdul Ahad Soomro4, Ali Gul Soomro1, Abdul Ghaffar Abbasi1 and Sarfraz Hussain Depar1
.... In district Mirpurkhas prevalence was 4%, 15%, 2%, 1%, while in district Badin it was 5%, 18%, 3%, 2% through SITT, Rapid BTB Ab test, culture examination and ELISA test, respectively. Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in Mirpurkhas district via cultural examination was recorded as 1.66%, 2.5% in milk and nasal samples, while in district Badin it was 1.66%, 5%, respectively. The overall prevalence<...

Saima Parveen1, Altaf Mahmood2*, Ayesha Azad3, Sajid Umar4, Nosheen Shoukat6, Mirza Muhammad Arsalan Azam5, Qurat-Ul-Ain5 and Nausheen Akhtar Malik1

...ly. The highest (14.90%) prevalence was recorded for new castle disease followed by infectious bursal disease (11.79%), pullorum disease (11.17%), colibacillosis (8.71%), infectious bronchitis (7.87%), inclusion body hepatitis (7.79%), chronic respiratory disease (7.67%), necrotic enteritis (6.48%), coccidiosis (6.09%), mycotoxicosis 5.43%), fowl cholera (4.74%), infectious coryza (4.41%), fowl typhoid (4.22%), omphalitis (3.71%) and hydropericardium syndrome ...

Bikash Puri1, Anil K. Tiwary2, Bharata Regmi3,4, Dinesh K. Singh1, Doj R. Khanal5 and Manoj K. Shah3*

... aimed to assess the seroprevalence of Bluetongue disease and understand its associated risk factors from the international border areas of Nepal. A total of 220 blood samples were collected randomly from apparently healthy ruminants (cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat) and screened for Bluetongue virus (BTV) antibodies in sera using a cELISA kit. Out of 220 sera samples, 92 were positive for BTV, accounting for 41.8% prevalence

Mohammed H. Galhoum1, Hamza M. Eed2, Essam S. Soliman1* 

...aimed to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella contributing contamination in chicken samples that were collected from broiler farms and slaughterhouses using conventional culturing, biochemical, and serological identifications versus molecular detection. A prospective study was designed to last for six months from March 2021 to the end of August 2021. A total number of 126 chicken samples (100 samples from five broiler chicken farms and 26 samples from two ...

Xuelong Chen1, Honghai Wang2, Wenchao Li1, Weina Guo1 and Yanping Qi1*

...aimed at exploring BHV-1 prevalence in yaks of the Chinese Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). To complete this analysis, we identified all relevant articles on this topic in both English and Chinese literature databases published through March 20, 2020. Studies were not included in this analysis if they were reviews, repeats of previous studies, included inconsistent or incomplete data, non-yaks study, or provided solely prevalence<...

Imtiaz Ali Shah1*, Maleeha Anwar1, Rafiullah2, Inamullah Wazir1, Muhammad Hasnain Riaz1, Abdur Raziq1, Muhammad Ijaz Ali1, Faizul Hassan1, Khalid Khan3, Yasin Ahmad4, Irshad Ahmad5, Muhammad Ibrahim Rashid5, Muhammad Tariq Zeb1* 

...udy, we investigated the prevalence of Salmonella in various parts of table eggs collected from various union councils of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. For this purpose, 200 egg samples were collected. The culturing of Salmonella from egg shell and their contents was carried out according to ISO guidelines for Salmonella isolation. A total of twenty-two (22) eggs were positive for Salmonella species. The antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that...

Sharjeel Saif1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1*, Ghulam Mustafa Solangi2, Rehana Burriro3, Hasina Baloch1, Atta Muhammad Memon2  

... including mastitis. The prevalence of mycoplasma mastitis is reported from many parts of the world in farm animals. The response of antimicrobials against this infection is very poor that usually lead to culling of infected animals. In Pakistan, unfortunately no data is available on the occurrence of mycoplasma mastitis in farm animals. Therefore, current field investigation was conducted first time in centre-west Balochistan to get the preliminary data on my...

Farheen Aslam*, Hira Lodhi, Rasheeda Bashir, Faiza Saleem and Shagufta Naz

...luded that there is high prevalence of blaNDM-1 among carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae isolated from patient suffering from different diseases at local tertiary care hospital of Lahore.

...

Mudassir Safdar, Aurang Zeb, Sidra Khalid, Shahid Bashir, Riffat Mehboob* and Muhammad Imran

...om 8.99 to 9.94g/dl. The prevalence of severe anemia was reduced from 8 to 4% (p < 0.05), moderate anemia reduced from 80 to 68%. However percentage of mild anemic girls increased from 12 to 28% as a result of shift of moderate anemic subjects to mild anemic group. It is concluded from the study results that prevalence rate of anemia among hostel girls reduced significantly and Hb levels improved after consuming iron fort...

Sonali Menamvar1,2,3, Kirubakaran Vinod Kumar1, Veeregowda Muniveerappa Belamaranahally2, Yella Narasimha Reddy3, Rathnamma Doddamane2, Shrikrishna Isloor2, Ramesh Poojari Thimmaiah2, Gurrappanaidu Govindaraj1, Bibek Ranjan Shome1, Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan1* 

...dy revealed that the seroprevalence of bovine leptospirosis at an individual animal and farm level was 39.8% and 75%, respectively, associated with age (p=0.041) and the health status of the animal (p=0.0001) as the significant risk factors. The predominantly observed reacted serovars were Icterohemorrhagiae (31.8%), Hebdomadis (27.3%), Bangkinang (22.7%), Australis (18.2%), Djasiman, Hurstbridge, Panama, and Pyrogenes (13.6%). Further, studies are required to...

Magdy M. Fahmy1, Nisreen E. Mahmoud 1*, Mohamed R. Mousa2, Manal M. Zaki3, Elshaimaa Ismael3, Mai Abuowarda1 

...the relation between the prevalence of fish parasitic infestation and water quality deterioration thus evaluated their role in mass fish mortality event in Manzala Lake and its corresponding fish farms. Fish samples together with water samples were collected from 3 affected farms and 6 locations along Manzala Lake. Field observations and physicochemical analysis of water revealed deterioration of water quality indicating marked pollution. Parasitological exami...

Ahmed Abdel-Rady1,2, Walaa Mostafa3* 

...iate the epidemiological prevalence of trichostrongyle infection in sheep in different age groups, sex and seasons. A total of 400 sheep were examined randomly from different private farms, and faecal examination through direct smear and flotation techniques were done to determine the presence of the eggs. Out of these, 104 animals were infected with strongyle eggs with (26%) prevalence. Sex, season, and age were the factors...

Samah Samir, Amal Awad*, Gamal Younis 

...study was to explore the prevalence, virulence-related genes (edw1, cds1, qseC and pvsA), and antibiotic susceptibility profile of E. tarda in Nile tilapia collected from Egyptian fish farms. Between December 2019 and March 2020, 250 Nile tilapia were collected from five fish farms located at Dakahlia governorate. Organ tissue samples from liver, kidneys, gills, skin and spleen were examined bacteriologically for the presence of E. tarda; and confirmed by PCR ...

Ejaz Ali and Nageen Hussain*

... study revealed that the prevalence of GJB2 mutations in hearing-impaired patients of Gilgit-Baltistan is 11.66 %. The mutation rate is higher as compared to other populations of Pakistan. This study can help deaf patients via gene therapy and also through drug designing.

...

Roheela Yasmeen1* and Samia Chaudhry2

...nant women, however, its prevalence was not noticed in new-borns. Time to recovery is generally two weeks. To reduce the spread of COVID-19, observing hygienic practices like frequent hand washing, social distancing and drinking warm water and chloroquine phosphate are some of the measures to mitigate the effect of cronavirus.

...

Jun Zhang1*, Xiaocao Xu2 and Min Cao2

...udy investigates the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV in hospital admissions for thalassemia major in Bengbu, China. This study is a cross-sectional study in which information was extracted and collected from patients’ records, including gender, age, number of blood transfusions per year, HBs-Ag, HCV-Ab and Anti-HBs. The study included 630 thalassemia major patients who received regular blood transfusions at a hospital in Bengbu, China. We found that out of...

Kafeel Ahmad*, Muhammad Siqaf, Gul-E-Rana Abid, Ramla Somayya and Umama Qasim

...tion phenotypically. The prevalence of blaCTX-M was 40% (n=20) and prevalence of blaSHV was 60% (n=30) while blaOXA-10 was not detected. The metallo beta-lactamase gene blaNDM-1 was detected in 6% (n=3) isolates. The high prevalence of beta-lactamases in E. coli isolated from fish raises serious health safety questions as these bacteria could transfer resistance genes to other pathogenic b...
Nadeem Raza1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Ali Ahmed Sheikh2, Muhammad Usman1*, Quratulain Mujahid3, Muhammad Zahid Iqbal1 and Muhammad Rizwan4
...t-align: justify;">A seroprevalence study was conducted on the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato antibodies in 405 camels of two districts of Punjab, Pakistan i.e., Bhakkar and Bahawalpur from May 2019 to January 2021. A questionnaire was used to collect data regarding potential risk factors like gender, age and tick infestation. Serological examination revealed the positive percentage of B. burgdorferi sensu lato in camels was 2.47% (10/405). Risk f...

Uzochukwu Ephraim Emeto, Chukwuemeka Calistus Okolo* and Nwakaego Ernestina Nweze

...gives the identities and prevalence rates of nematodes and cestodes affecting the horse population. Strongyliasis occured in epidemic proportion within the horse population in the area. This underscores the need for review of extant treatment and control programs.

...

Basanta Kumar Adhikari1*, Deepak Subedi1*, Sumit Jyoti1, Krishna Kaphle2, Chet Narayan Kharel3, Doj Raj Khanal4

...ted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in the Rupandehi and Palpa districts of Nepal. A total of 89 goat serum samples were tested by using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) for the presence of antibodies against Mycoplasma capricolum capripneumoniae. Out of the total serum sample tested, 3 were seropositive for CCPP giving an overall apparent seropreval...

Ouedraogo Oumar1,2, Tianhoun Denté Fidèle2,4*, Séré Modou3, Kaboré Adama2, Tamboura H. Hamidou2 and Belem Adrien Marie Gaston4

...udougou to determine the prevalence and socio-economic incidence of bovine tuberculosis. For this purpose, daily monitoring of cattle from various farms and slaughtered at the slaughter area was carried out from February to June 2019 during ante and post-mortem inspections. The results of the analysis of the data collected during these inspections revealed that 1,716 cattle of local breeds, consisting of 875 females and 841 males, were slaughtered and checked ...

Bridget Adah1*, Clara Kwanashie2, Haruna Kazeem2 and Samuel Mailafia1

...onstrated that the total prevalence of Leptospira organisms in pigs in these areas was 4.5%. Considering the economic and zoonotic significance of this organism, we recommend that proper handling of pork and associated by products, as well as occupationally predisposed personnel should be of great importance especially pig farmers and veterinarians. The findings of this study indicates the need for further research to illuminate predisposing factors, patterns ...

Md. Taimur Islam1*, Mirza Mienur Meher2, Anas Bin Harun3 and Md. Golam Haider1

 

... its genetic clades. The prevalence of ND is highest in October and in 0-3 months aged chickens. AMPV generally infects the upper respiratory tract of poultry, which has been isolated for the first time in Bangladesh in 2016. Alternatively, adult chickens are more susceptible to IB and ILT. The prevalence of mycoplasmosis and aspergillosis are higher during the winter season and are reported to occur due to poor management s...

Nkiru E. Ekechukwu, Felicia N. Ekeh, Chinenye M. Ohanu, Hope C. Ezinwa and Ifeanyi Oscar N. Aguzie*

...r insect-borne diseases, prevalence and transmission rates in abattoir communities. Here we randomly selected three (Orba, Ikpa, and Obollo-afor) abattoirs in Enugu senatorial zone and surveyed for insect fauna abundance, diversity, and distribution. The sampling was carried out over a period of eight weeks, using sweep net and hand picking as the collection methods. Overall 12 species were recorded, Orba had the lowest species diversity with 7 species while O...

Amreen Zahra1, Mushtaq A. Saleem1*, Hasnain Javed2 and Muhammad Azmat Ullah Khan3

...highlights the increased prevalence of HCV co-infection in HIV infected IDUs with lower CD4 count. These results strongly support an immediate investigation of multiple viral infections routine IDUs to guide the eradication of these fatal viral diseases.

...

Hamidur Rahman1*, Asghar Ali Kamboh1, Nazar Ali Korejo2, Atta Muhammad Memon3, Rashid Ali Korejo3, Manzoor Ahmed Chandio1 

...cted to find out the seroprevalence of brucellosis in camels of Sibi, Pakistan. A total of 100 serum samples, 50 each from male and female camels were collected from district Sibi, Pakistan and analyzed by competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA), and rose Bengal plate test (RBPT). The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis in camels was observed as 13% and 17% by RBPT and cELISA respectively. The higher

Sher Bahadar Khan1,*, Mumtaz Ali Khan2, Irshad Ahmad3, Faheem Ahmad Khan4, Hamayun Khan1 and Sher Ali Khan5

... Among them, the highest prevalence of Staph. aureus was found in Peshawar-Mardan division (30%), followed by Malakand (28.5%), Bannu-Dera Ismail khan division (25%) and Hazara division (16%). Over all the high resistance was found against Lin (96.25%) followed by AMX (82.5%), TET (63.75%), AMP (58.75%), SXT (50%), CHL (48.7%), CLR (36.25%), STR (25%), GEN (17.5%), OFX (15%), LFX (12.5%), AZM (8.75%) while least resistance against GAT (3.375%) and CRO (6.25%)....

Weam Mohamed Baher1, Wageh Sobhy Darwish2*, Abdelazim Elsayed Elhelaly3,4 

...s study investigated the prevalence rate of Anisakis larvae in two marine water fish commonly consumed in Egypt, namely, herrings and sardine. Samples were collected equally from Suez, Ismailia, Damietta, Port Said and Alexandria. The obtained results revealed overall incidence rates of Anisakis larvae in herrings and sardine at 70% and 50%, respectively. The parasite infested mainly (100%) the visceral organs of the positive samples in the two fish species; w...
Mudassar Jehan1, Masroor Ahmed Bajwa2, Mohammad Masood Tariq2, Asim Faraz3*, Abdul Samaad2, Jameel Ahmad1 and Yousaf Hassan Barozai2
...ndard errors showing the prevalence of homozugous Balochi sheep population. The main cause reason behind prevalence of homozygous population might be inbreeding as only few rams had been used for breeding the flocks. This study would provide basis for breed characterization and lead to breed improvement program.

...

Abdelrahman A. Abdelrahman1, Salama A. S. Shany1, Kareem E. Hassan1, Mansy A. A. Dardeer2, Ali A.1*, Magdy F. El-Kady1* 

...al agents. In Egypt, the prevalences of avian influenza virus (AIV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and Mycoplasma spp. are high. Thus, co-infection with one or both viruses and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) or Mycoplasma synovaie (MS) is thought to play an important role in the clinical severity of respiratory infections. In this study, we conducted a passive surveillance study for MG and MS among cases of viral respiratory affections in broilers. Samples...

Aiman Batool1, Muhammad Sohail Sajid1,2*, Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan3**, Asif Iqbal4, Imaad Rashid5, Ibadullah Jan6, Faiza Bano7, Fiaz Ahmad8, Waqas Ahmad1, Muhammad Nisar Khan1 

...nducted to determine the prevalence and association of various factors with endo and ectoparasites in the small ruminant population of district Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Faecal and blood samples were collected along with ectoparasites directly from the animal rectum, jugular vein and skin, respectively. The examination of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites and haemoparasites was carried out through qualitative and quantitative methods, and G...
Mohammad Belal Shaker1, Waleed Rizk El-Ghareeb2,3*, Marwa Magdy Seliem4, Wageh Sobhy Darwish3, Bassam Abdulla Alhawas2, Ahmed E. Tharwat3
...ucted to investigate the prevalence of Aeromonas spp., particularly A. hydrophila in three crustaceans (crab, lobster, and shrimp) retailed in Zagazig, Egypt, and Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Detection of virulence associated genes in the recovered A. hydrophila isolates was additionally screened using PCR. Furthermore, antimicrobial resistance profiling was examined among the recovered A. hydrophila isolates. The obtained results of the present study revealed overa...

Zahra Hussain, Zulfiqar Ali* and Rida Ahmad

...on of species, while the prevalence of diseases and other pathological conditions is a very common issue in captive animals and birds. The present study investigated the prevalence of different diseases and health conditions among animal and bird species at 10 captive breeding facilities of Punjab, Pakistan. For this purpose, three-year data (2017-2019), regarding diseases and pathological conditions was collected from treat...

Juweria Abid1, Hooria Latif2, Amir Sohail2, Saroosh Fatima Tahir Syed2, Shakeel Ahmad3, Tooba Asif4 and Muhammad Farooq5*

Mohamed. E. Taha1, Mohamed S. Ahmed2, Ahmed I. Ahmed2, Amany Adel3, Salama Rehab4,5*, Nabila Osman2** 

...real time RT-PCR for the prevalence of AIV H9. The results revealed that ten farms (20%) were positive for AIV (H9N2). Three isolates with high CT values have been selected for complete sequencing of hemagglutinin gene. Amino acid sequences showed that these isolates were identical to the Asian strain “A Quail-HongKong-G1-97” (91-92%), as well as the other Egyptian strains “A/chicken/Egypt/ME543V/2016” (99-100%), and “A/quail/Egy...

Abdullah Channo1*, Asmatullah Kaka1, Qudratullah Kalwar2, Imdadullah Jamali3, Ghulam Jelani2, Muhammad Bakhsh4, Ghulam Nabi Dahri5 and Jai Parkash Goil6

...gemental system, and the prevalence of COD is 10-13% which is associated with selection, heredity, age, environment, improper nutrition, herd size, housing, high milk production, body condition score, lactation period, seasons, retained placenta, stress, metabolic disorders and hormonal imbalance. COD is generally at highest from 30 to 60 days of postpartum. The exact pathogenesis of COD is still not confirmed, but the abnormal neuroendocrine reflex of hypotha...
Muhammad Zaeem Abbas1, Khurram Ashfaq1, Amjad Islam Aqib2, Mughees Aizaz Alvi1*, Muhammad Haleem Tayyab1, Muzafar Ghafoor1, Muhammad Usman Naseer3, Ali Abbas4 and Ali Hassan1
...ve for ketosis. The peak prevalence (13.3%) of ketosis was detected during the third week of lactation. Animals with body condition score >4 (15%), buffaloes yielding 18 liter milk in a day (33.3%), buffaloes in 3rd parity (11.1%), and 8-9 years old buffaloes (11.1%) were identified to be at higher risk of ketosis. A significant co-relation was observed between ketosis and milk yield, body condition score and puerperal metritis. Collectively, the animals wi...
Gamilat A. Elsaid1, Weam Mohamed Baher1*, Eman Shukry1, Abeer E. Abd El. Ghafar2, Marwa Shalaby1
...and investigation of the prevalence of shiga toxin producing E. coli in kareish cheese collected from grocery stores and street vendors at Mansoura city, Egypt. In addition, molecular confirmation, and detection of shiga toxin coding genes (stx1, and stx2) in the recovered E. coli isolates was done using PCR. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of potassium sorbate (KS) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis on the growth of E. coli O26 were screened. The est...
Eman M. Aboelela1, Mohamed A. Sobieh2, Eman M. Abouelhassan3, Doaa S. Farid4, Essam S. Soliman2*
...onal survey on the point prevalence (PP) of ectoparasitic infestations in dogs and cats concerning some host, agent, and environmental determinants. A cross-sectional study was designed to last for four successive seasons from September 21st, 2020 to September 20th, 2021. A total of 1393 cats and 1511 dogs were admitted and examined for parasitic infestations. PPinfestations revealed highly significant (P < 0.01) increases during fall and spring and fall in...

Amira Adel Taha AL-Hosary1, Walaa Mostafa2* 

...gnificantly affected the prevalence of ear mange in cats (P<0.05). Young cats (less than a year old) were more infested (87.57%) than older cats (50%). Infestation rates were highest during cold months (84.44%). Sex and breeds had a non-significant effect on the infestation rate (P>0.05). According to the results of the clinical trials, the combination between Frontline® and BARS® ear drops was the most effective treatment protocol with a synergi...

Deepesh Kumar Bhuptani1, Atta Hussain Shah1*, Gul Bahar Khaskheli1, Zubair Ahmed Laghari2, Ghulam Shabir Bahram1, Muneer Ahmed Jamali1, Tarique Ahmed Khokhar1 

...t study was conducted on prevalence and quantification of AFM1 in raw buffalo milk in Sindh province. A total of three hundred and fifteen raw milk samples (n=315) from dairy farms of three regions in Sindh province i.e., southern (Karachi, Thatta, Hyderabad), central (Mirpurkhas, Umerkot, Shaheed Benazirabad) and northern (Naushahro Feroze, Sukkur and Larkana) were collected and analyzed using commercial ELISA kit. The results revealed that AFM1 was statistic...

Heba S.S. Salem1, Hend M. Megahed2, Marwa M. Sarhan2, Maha M. El Alem3, Gehan N. Alagmy3* 

...is were screened for the prevalence of S. aureus as a causative agent. S. aureus was diagnosed in 40% of the examined cases via traditional culture methods and molecular confirmation using PCR. All tested S. aureus isolates were positive for virulence-associated genes (nuc, icaA, and Hlg). In an experimental trial, a total of 75 healthy rabbits were divided equally into five groups (n =15/each group). The first group served as a negative control, the second g...

Tariq Ali1,2*, Kamran1, Abdur Raziq1, Inam Ullah Wazir1, Anwar Ali1, Muhammad Ijaz Ali1, Muhammad Shuaib Khan2, Shakeeb Ullah2 and Sher Hayat Khan3

...dy describes the current prevalence of mastitis in lactating cattle, and buffaloes in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during 2019-2020, to identify bacterial pathogens of mastitis, and to determine the antimicrobial resistance. A total of 1013 milk samples belonging to 726 cattle and 287 buffaloes were examined to detect clinical mastitis (CM) and subclinical mastitis (SCM). Mastitic milk samples (n=541) were further used to investigate the prevale...

Amoon Danial1, Shahan Azeem1*, Sohail Raza1 and Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq2

... detected with a 69% seroprevalence in the cattle sampled from Lahore and Rawalpindi districts of the Punjab Province of Pakistan. The objectives of the present study included evaluating the seroprevalence of BoHV-1 in goats accompanied by cattle in the areas where seropositive cattle have been previously identified. A total of 126 blood samples were collected from goats located in areas of Lahore District where previously c...

Indyah Aryani 1,3*, Suyadi Suyadi2, Hartutik Hartutik2, Kuswati Kuswati2 

...Paramphistomum sp). The prevalence of gastrointestinal endoparasite was found as follows: Cooperia sp. 31%, Fasciola sp. 12%, Oesophagostomum sp. 6%, Moniezia sp. 4%, Paramphistomum sp. 2%, Capilaria sp. 2%, and Ostertagia sp. 2%. To sum up, endoparasite infection of cattle is common in PAPABARU. Studies found that the prevalence of endoparasite and geographical distribution are needed and effective for prevention and contr...

H. A. Aidaros1*, S. S. Khalafallah1, M. S. Diab2, Nehal K. Alm Eldin2, Halla E.K. El Bahgy1 

...aimed to investigate the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae in twelve poultry farms located in Qalubia Governorate, Egypt, and their antimicrobial resistance. A total number of 2160 samples included litter, pen litter, stored feed, feed from the feeders, water, drinkers, droppings, dust, swabs from walls, birds’ cloaca, worker’s hands, and wheels of vehicles. The results showed that there was a negative relationship between the ...

Sadaf Ansari1, Shahid Hussain Abro1, Abdul Jabbar Tanweer2, Abdullah Sethar3, Ghulam Abbas4, Sabahat Ansari1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1* 

...eef, mutton and fish the prevalence of E. coli (25%, 25% and 20%), S. aureus (15%, 15% and 10%), S. enteritidis and B. cereus (10%, 10% and 10%) were observed. The highest (p < 0.05) bacterial load (g­¹) was detected in raw (1.76×106) and cooked (6.1×104) beef than raw (1.55×106) and cooked (4.5×104) mutton respectively, while raw (1.25×106) and cooked (2.9×104) fish exhibited the least (p < 0.05) bacterial l...

Farheen Shaikh*, Saima Naz and Nadir Ali Birmani

...a. The species and their prevalence are 19.23% for Menopon gallinae (Linnaeus, 1758), 23.84% for Menacanthus stramineus (Nitzsh, 1818), and 22. 30% for Menacanthus abdominalis (Piaget, 1880) which belongs to the family Menoponidae and 34.61% for Goniocotes gallinae (de Geer, 1776) which belongs to the family Philopteridae. All four species were reported first time as new host and new locality records from the study area. All species of chewing were described a...

Khalid Hussain1, Muhammad Younas1*, Niaz Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Raheel2, Anees Akhtar3, Muhammad Irshad1, Munir Abbas1 and Farah Shabir4

...ickpea is low due to the prevalence of Fusarium wilt. Present investigations were conducted at Arid Zone Research Institute, Bhakkar, Punjab, Pakistan during winter 2021. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) following three replications. Thirty chickpea genotypes were examined for their resistant levels against Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum ciceris (FOC). Six exhibited resistant response with <10% disease incidence...

Muhammad Usman1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Nasir Mehmood2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1 and Mamoona Chaudhry3

... surveys to estimate its prevalence in wider geographical areas and additional animal species as well as human population.

...

Lobna M.A. Salem, Nashwa O. Khalifa, Marwa O. Abd El-Halim* 

...dy aimed to estimate the prevalence of Fascioliasis and identify the phenotypic features of Fasciola that infecting sheep, cattle, buffaloes, goats, and camels in Qualyobia, Egypt. The genetic identity of Fasciola species was examined by the analysis of forward and reverse sequences of the ITS2 of the rDNA gene that amplified in 300bp. Out of 286 slaughtered animals {88 sheep, 26 goats, 68 cattle, 25 buffaloes and 79 camels} in the regions of Qualyobia, 51 (17...

Syeda Batool Zehra1, Abdullah G. Arijo2, Aly Khan3, Nasira Khatoon1* and Samina Waheed1

... sexes and ages. Pinworm prevalence in children by gender from 2019 to 2020 demonstrates that females have a higher rate of incidence than males because of unsanitary circumstances and hormone production. Traditional pinworm diagnosis via PCR for pinworm detection has been performed. The findings in this research were based on two key factors: molecular analysis and statistical analysis. When traditional morphological techniques used with, molecular biology te...

Nishim Bhusal1, Bhuwan Raj Bhatt2*, Saroj Shrestha3 and Arjun Chapagain4

...nducted to determine the prevalence of fasciolosis in commercial cattle farms of Tilottama Municipality, Rupandehi district, Nepal. A total of 270 fresh faecal samples were collected purposively from the study area with different ages, sex, stage, and breeds for examination (sedimentation method) to visualize eggs of Fasciola microscopically. The obtained data were coded and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2016. The overall prevalence

Muhammad Tariq Navid1,2*, Mian Muhammad Awais2*, Muhammad Irfan Anwar2 and Masood Akhtar2

Shahid Amin1*, Jabbar Khan1, Imran Khan2, Dost Muhammad1, Kamran Ullah Khan1, Naqeeb Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Azhar Jameel3 

...ematological profile and prevalence of haemo-parasitic diseases in small ruminants and to correlate it with its health status. Total of 500 blood samples (Sheep, n=250, Goat, n=250) were collected from different areas of South Waziristan. Samples were processed meant for the incidence of haemo-parasites and diverse hematological limitations were anticipated. Prevalence of haemo-parasitic diseases was recorded as 14.4, 10.4 a...
Mansha Tahir1, Abdul Rauf2,3, Syed Ayaz Kazmi2,3*, Nuzhat Shafi2, Muhammad Hasnain Ali Gillani3, Sundus Khawaja4, Syeda Maria Fiaz Bukhari4, Tehniat Summer4 and Muhammad Majid Bashir2
...l study to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B and C infection among the general population of union council Sena Daman district Jhelum Valley, Azad Kashmir and to assess the risk factors for their transmission. From approximately 16000 total individuals of population of Union Council Sena Daman 710 (4.4%) individuals were randomly screened for hepatitis B and C prevalence using Immuno-Chromatography Kits, ELISA and furt...

Iqra Qazi1, Sohail Raza1*, Masood Rabbani1 and Muhammad Avais2

...BoHV-1. The overall sero-prevalence was 68.40%. Post pubertal animals (>3yrs) contributing more to disease occurrence. High sero-positivity was observed in buffalo (73.12%) as compared to cattle (60%) moreover, the sero-prevalence is higher in animals of greater size herds. Parity status is in agreement of strong correlation with BoHV-1 infection. Evidently, positivity rate was higher in animals bred with artificial insem...

Anum Syyam1,2, Nazish Saqlain1, Sidra Hareem1, Naghmana Mazhar1, Liaqat Ali3 and Samia Afzal2*

...tudy was to evaluate the prevalence of IgM and IgG type anti-A and anti-B antibodies and the titer of these antibodies among blood group O donors at a tertiary care hospital. This is a cross-sectional study conducted at the department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine in Children’s Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan over a period of four months from Oct, 2019 to Feb, 2020. Blood samples were collected from 350 healthy and v...

Aqsa Batool1, Masood Rabbani1*, Farhat Nazir Awan2, Sohail Raza1, Sehrish Firyal3 and Shahan Azeem1

...ted to determine the seroprevalence of BoHV-1 in and associated risk factors with disease prevalence in various agro-ecological zones of Pakistan focusing on the Punjab Province. A total of 400 samples were randomly collected from cattle and buffalo of wheat rice Punjab, mixed Punjab, cotton/wheat Punjab, Low intensity Punjab and Rain-fed Punjab zones. The study revealed individual seroprevalence

Chanathip Thammakarn1*, Sawanya Umphonphison1, Paitoon Kaewhom2, Kanokrat Srikijkasemwat1 

...t nationwide serological prevalence of PCV2 antibody report since two decades of PCV2 vaccines was applied in Thailand. The results proved that high prevalence of PCV2 immunity was established, with the most population had antibody titer fall in low positive, while some of viremic pigs still presented, determined that the routine vaccination programs used in farms can control PCV2 efficiently since continuing vaccination.

Sayed H. Al Habty1, Dina N.Ali2* 

... samples had the highest prevalence of S.aureus followed by Damietta cheese (30%) and ice cream (14%). S.aureus isolates appeared high resistance to tetracycline, penicillin, oxacillin, ampicillin, streptomycin, amoxicillin/clavulanate and neomycin, in different percentages. blaz, mecA and VanA genes were detected at 60% for blaz gene, 40% for mecA gene and 20% for vanA gene. Lactoferrin has a satisfactory antibacterial activity Minimum Inhibitory Concentratio...

Sheeza Iqbal* and Asima Azam

...planned to determine the prevalence of sciatica with age and gender in district Nowshera and to identify symptoms and associated risk factors among male and female patients. The cross-sectional study was conducted at Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex from March to July 2020 in district Nowshera, Pakistan. A total of 150 patients with sciatica were analysed. All the patients were diagnosed with MRI, CT scan, spinal X-rays and straight leg raising (SLR) test. O...

Ghulam Akbar1*, Muhammad Anjum Zia1, Amer Jamil1 and Faiz Ahmad Joyia2

...eloped countries and 75% prevalence is in women. The wild and mutant strains of Streptococcus mutans were used for this trace element optimization study. There are some salts like KH2PO4, K2HPO4, NaHCO3, CaCO3, CH3COONa.3H2O and FeSO4. 7H2O have been optimized for the production of SK. The K2HPO4 has shown the highest enzymatic activity with UV-Et mutant 680.0 UmL-1 and with CaCO3 UV-Et mutant has been found to give the relatively lowest enzyme activity 652.01...

Nauman Zaheer Ghumman, Muhammad Ijaz*, Arslan Ahmed, Muhammad Umar Javed, Iqra Muzammil and Ahmed Raza

...led an overall molecular prevalence of 28.70% for S. aureus among which MRSA-associated mastitis was found 47.62% prevalent. The SDS-PAGE analysis depicted the presence of a 78KDa protein band specific for PBP2a protein in MRSA. The comparative risk factor analysis showed significant variation among risk factors associated with S. aureus and MRSA-induced mastitis. The phylogenetic analysis of MRSA mecA gene showed a high resemblance of the study isolates with ...

Hanaa H.A. Gomaa1*, Shimaa A.S. Hasan1, Nashwa Harb1, Amal H.A. Gomaa2 and Maha Anani3

...d to assess both the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 among pregnant women in Ismailia City as well as the impact of pregnancy duration on their prevalence. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 94 serum samples of pregnant women in Ismailia City. The presence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 antibodies (IgG and IgM) and viremia were evaluated by commercial ELISA and real-time polymerase...

Rubab Malik, Nasira Khatoon* and Samina Waheed

...onducted to find out the prevalence of nematode parasites in different birds of Karachi, Hyderabad, Jacobabad and to find out the histopathological changes caused by Heterakis gallinarum in the intestine of common quail. The overall prevalence of nematodes parasitic infection was 7.48% while the overall intensity was 9.62. The histopathological study revealed complete destruction of villi and crypt glands. The intestine show...

H. M. Hassan, M. M. Tantawy*, A. M. Younes and M. O. Sayed

...ds were surveyed for the prevalence of plant parasitic nematodes in Maghagha, Samallot, Minia and Abokorkas Districts of Minia Governorate. Soil and root samples were collected during fruiting seasons of grapevine in 2012 and 2013. The nematodes encountered were identified as Meloidogyne spp., Helicotylenchus spp., Longidorus spp., Pratylenchus spp., Tylenchulus semipenetrans and Hoplolaimus spp. Community analysis of these plant parasitic nematodes showed var...

I. K.A. Ibrahim1, Z.A. Handoo2† and A. B. A. Basyony1

...s showed
the prevalence of nine cyst nematode species associated with different crop plants: Heterodera avenae on wheat, H.
daverti and H. trifolii on Egyptian clover, H. leuceilyma on Bermuda grass, H. lespedezae on lentil, H. goldeni on
qasabagrass, H. schachtii on cabbage and sugar beet, H. zeae on corn and wheat and Globodera rostochiensis on
potato. The cyst nematodes H. leuceilyma and G. rostochiensis are n...

Öznur Özil*, Öznur Diler, Mevlüt Nazıroğlu, Aşkın Atabay 

...observation. The highest prevalence of the metacercariae was in C. complanatum with 59.73% in gill tissue. The parasites were found encapsulated by a thin connective tissue each containing a single parasite in muscle. Mercariae of C. complanatum were caused necrotic and fibrotic muscle tissues lesions in Garra rufa.

Keywords | Clinostomum complanatum, Garra rufa, Histopathology, Prevalance, Intensity  

...
K. Nasira, S. Shamim and F. Shahina†
...;">were examined for the prevalence of nematodes with an aim to disseminate the knowledge of fresh water nematodes
as indicators in environmental monitoring. Detailed sample analysis revealed the presence of forty nematode species
including three new species viz., Bathyeurystomina minima Nasira, Shahina & Shamim, 2014, Belbolla
longispiculata Nasira, Shahina & Shamim, 2014 and Metoncholaimus siddiqii Shahina, Nasira ...

H. Ravindra1, N. Adivappar2, M. Sehgal3 D. M. Soumya4 and H. B. Narasimhamurthy4

...taka for the
prevalence of nematode. Heavy infestation of root-knot nematode was observed on coriander with small to big sized
galls or knots on the roots. Soil and root samples were collected for analysis of nematode infestation. Coriander
plants also exhibited poor growth showing stunting and chlorosis due to severe infestation. This is the first report of
root-knot nematode from Karnataka.
...

M. S. Yasir†, A. K. Sajid, N. Javed and M. Ghani

...ermination of incidence, prevalence, severity and identification of major species
of root-knot nematodes. During the survey, a total of 160 root samples were collected from different localities and
cultivars of date-palm. The maximum prevalence was recorded from locality Nouroz Kalat (100%) and the
minimum prevalence recorded was (20%) from Totazai and R...

S. Ahmed†, A. Munir, S. Hameed, S. Asad, M. Fayyaz, M. Zakaria and M. Umer

H. Ravindra†, M. Sehgal1, R. Murali, T.G. Manu, H.B. Narasimhamurthy and M. Latha

Belema Robert1, Favour Welenya1, Deborah Achi1, Cynthia Onyeagwara1, Soala Obie Minimah2, Ebele Anulika Obichi2, Chidinma Charity Amuzie1* 

Rinat Islamov*, Dinara Turegeldieva, Altyn Rysbekova, Kuralay Sarmantayeva, Victor Semenuyk 

...unosorbent assay. A high prevalence of some pathogens among conventional laboratory animals used by some academic institutes and universities of Almaty has been shown. Rodentibacter pneumotropicus has been detected in the SPF animals, while no other pathogens from the FELASA list have been detected. The obtained results show the importance of not only regular health monitoring, but also the need to improve the quality of care and well-being of laboratory anima...

Salman Hussain1, Basit Zeshan2*, Rabiya Arshad1, Saba Kabir1 and Naveed Ahmed3

...he study showed that the prevalence of MRSA was 48%. The MRSA isolates were highly resistant (100%) to penicillin, β lactamase inhibitors, cephalosporins, and macrolides. All the MRSA isolates were susceptible to vancomycin antibiotic drugs. Cefoxitin (30 µg) disk diffusion test showed 100% sensitivity and specificity for the identification of MRSA phenotypically. A total of 100 MRSA clinical isolates were positive for the mecA and nuc gene. Only 3 ...

Majid Ali*, Hafiz Abdul Majid, Farman Ullah, Tahir waseem, Muhammad Rashid Khan 

...planned to determine the prevalence of haemoprotozoa of small ruminants in arid zone small ruminant research institute kohat from July 2017 to June 2021. The prevalence was studied in relation to species, seasons and different housing system or herds. Random blood samples were received and collected from the surrounding village of arid zone research institute kohat. A total of 726 blood sample were analyzed from both sheep a...

Seema Perveen Memon*, Nasreen Memon, Mansoor Ali Shah, Reshma Sahito and Aiman Amur

...conducted to examine the prevalence of malaria disease in the district Sanghar of Sindh province, Pakistan. The data were collected from January-December 2018. Gender and age wise distribution of malaria were observed during the study period. Monthly data of malarial patients were collected from Anti-malaria control program (AMCP) of different localities of district Sanghar. Total 26161 suspected cases of malaria were examined, 490 patients were found malaria ...

S.H.M. Faruk Siddiki1*, Md. Golam Morshed2, Md Robiul Karim1, Lutfun Naher1, Md. Sodrul Islam3

...o determine the clinical prevalence of diseases in cattle attended at the Upazilla (sub-district) Veterinary Hospital, Mirzapur, in the Tangail district during the period between January 2017 and December 2018. A total of 22,418 clinical cases of cattle were diagnosed using general, physical, clinical, and microscopic examinations, as well as other conventional laboratory procedures. The recorded clinical cases were classified into ten major diagnostic groups....

Khasan Khamidovich Shakhbiev1*, Saidkhamzat Saidmagomedovich Abumuslimov1, Larisa. Vakhaevna Taramova1, Islam Khasanovich Shakhbiev1, Svetlana Aleksandrovna Shemyakova2 

...ndicates of the dominant prevalence of echinococcosis complicated of by streptococcosis among young dogs. The effectiveness of the new bactericidal-anthelmintic composition azitroprazifen at a dose of 20 mg / kg body weight with ground beef of in echinococcosis young of dogs complicated by streptococcosis was high in our experience. In all 100% of the experimental dogs, on the 7th day after treatment, there was a complete absence in feces of eggs of E. granulo...

W. Khan, N. U. Nisa, A. Khan and S. M. H. M. Naqvi

...pact of education on the prevalence of nematode intestinal parasites among individuals relevant to education under and above 15 years age in Swat, Pakistan. Stool samples were randomly collected during January 2006 to December 2008 and examined from a total of 420 individuals including 238 and 182 under and above 15 years age, respectively from Urban and Rural area of Swat, Pakistan. The techniques used were wet mount (WMT), sedimentation and centrifugation. A...

Saima Akter1, Md. Rasel Prank1, Shariful Islam1, Sharmin Akter1, Injamamul Hasnine1, Murshed Uddin Ahmed2, Md. Shohel Al Faruk3* 

...udy was to determine the prevalence and factors of parasitic infestation of cattle in the Livestock Office and Veterinary Hospital, Ullapara, Sirajganj, Bangladesh. A total of 121 fecal samples were collected and examined through a direct smear to detect the presence of the egg and oocyst of parasites. The overall prevalence of cattle parasitic infestation (mixed and single) was 80.17% (N=97/121). The overall

Hidayat Ullah1, Sadia Tabassum1, Sultan Ayaz2, Shumaila Noreen1, Atta Ur Rehman1, Naveed Akhtar3, Muhsin Ali3, Zaib Ullah3* and Sajid Mahmood1,4

...hagous arthropods; their prevalence in various areas of Pakistan is associated with huge economic and health losses. In this perspective 6469 tick specimens were collected from goats and sheep breeds of the Hazara Division and identified into seven species on morphometrics basis, in which four species were recorded new to this area. Out of identified seven species, four tick species Rhipicephalus microplus, Hyalomma rufipes, Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides, Hae...

Asmaa A. Darwish*, Mona A. Mahmoud, Adel M. El-Kattan 

...zed. The brucellosis seroprevalence was (17.50%, 22.50%) for sheep, and (30%, 31.25%) for goat by RBPT and cELISA respectively. Both infected species showed a significant (P<0.05) macrocytic hypochromic anemia, hyperglobulinemia, hypoalbuminemia, decreased A/G ratio, increased hepatic function tests, hypertriglyceridemia, increased matrix metalloproteinases activity, T/HDL/LDL-hypocholesterolemia, and decreased minerals, electrolytes, and trace elements con...

Trisiwi Wahyu Widayati1*, Aris Triyono Syahputra2, Andoyo Supriyantono1, Onesimus Yoku1, Deny Anjelus Iyai1, Priyo Sambodo1, Iriani Sumpe1 

...mean EPG of 2185.56. The prevalence of parasitic eggs of Ascaris spp, Trichuris spp and Strongyloides in water, vegetables and soil ranged from 62.96% to 98.15%. Laleken system can reduce environmental pollution by parasites 89.28% to 100%.

Keywords | Pigs, Laleken, Papua, Parasites 

...

Ghulam Jelani1, Muhammad Haris Raza Farhan2, Rida Asrar3, Muhammad Ahmad1,4*, Chanda Naseem5, Zafar Ali Khoso6, Majid Hussain Soomro7* 

...disease (CRD) had a high prevalence rate in the last decade and thus established itself as a disease of the major economic importance of the poultry industry. The eradication of this contagious disease remains a challenge to the poultry industry that can be transmitted from infected birds to healthy ones by respiratory routes. The lack of proper isolation and diagnostic methods as well as improper use of antimicrobial therapy causes the treatment failure. Diff...
ASMA ABDUL LATIF*1, SAMREEN MUSHTAQ1, SABIHA FAZAL1, MUHAMMAD MANSHA2, & ATIF YAQUB3
...ducted to assess the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women of Lahore, Pakistan.
239 blood samples of pregnant women were collected from Lady Walingdon hospital, Lahore along with other details on associated risk factors of infection. From these samples, 86 were randomly selected to be evaluated for the presence of IgG immunoglobulin by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The overall sero<...
 
 SAFDAR ALI KHAN1, FARHEEN ANSARI1, SANWAL ASLAM2*, AMJAD HUSSAIN3, MUREED HUSSAIN1, MAJID MAHMOOD4, ALI MUHAMMAD4, RAHMAT ALI1 , ASAD ASLAM3 AND FATIMA ALI
 
 ASMAT MEHMOOD, ZAEEMA KHAN AND NAILA MALKANI* 
...his study focused on the prevalence of oral cancer in Pakistan from 2010 to 2016. Data for oral cancer cases was collected from the country's numerous cancer registries and cancer treatment facilities. Age and gender factors were analyzed in the data. For the given time, prevalence, incidence, and rate of age-standardized illness were determined. Data analysis indicated that oral cancer prevalence

Ahmed Abdel-Rady3*, Mohamed Karmi2, Menna_allah Youssef1, Aml M. Abdel-Ra’ouf1, Bahaaa Madkour1 

...nations showed that, the prevalence of Tropical Theileriosis in cattle in Aswan Governorate was 56 (21.13%). Giemsa stained blood smears showed presence of macro-schizont inside lymphocyte (Koch’s blue bodies), micro-schizonts inside lymphocyte, raptured schizont and intraerythrocytic stages of Theileria annulata piroplasms inside RBCs..Polymerase chain reactions of T. annulata merozoite-piroplasm surface antigen Targeting gene: (Tams1) revealed positive...

SAIMA SHARIF*1, SHAGUFTA NAZ1, RIDA IRAM1, FARKHANDA MANZOOR1, TASNIM FARASAT1 and MUHAMMAD SAQIB2

...nducted to determine the prevalence of anaemia in children of rural communities of Punjab from January 2016 to July 2016. The children were selected from Services hospital, Lahore and District hospital Sharqpur, Dist. Sheikhupura. A total of 500 samples of children were collected. Questionnaire was designed to collect information for studying variables regarding age, gender, father‟s occupation, parent‟s education, child‟s family income etc. Their blood ...

Hemayet Hossain1, Md. Masud Parvej1*, Khadiza Akter Brishty3, Muhammad Ali4, Junayed Ahmed4, Asibul Hasan4, Rubel Miah4, Md. Piplu Mia4, Saad Muhammad Rafe-Ush-Shan4, Md. Nazmul Alam4 and Md. Zahidul Islam Khan2

...investigate the clinical prevalence of Infectious and non-infectious diseases and disorders (IND) in ruminants throughout the year 2021 in Bangladesh. A total of 755 selected clinical cases were recorded, of which 450 were cattle and 305 were goats, respectively. The selected clinical cases were diagnosed through anamnesis, physical examination, clinical signs, gross pathology or postmortem examination, and clinical examination using common laboratory techniqu...

Ghulam Mustafa Solangi4, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1*, Mansoor Tariq1, Zubair Ahmed Leghari2, Asghar Ali Kamboh3, Barirah Rehman Talpur1 

...r to investigate the seroprevalence of CCPP in goat population of Sindh province, a total of 800 serum samples from four districts of Sindh (Thatta, Tharparkar, Jamshoro and Larkana) representing four agro-ecological zones of Sindh were examined by using c-ELISA. The overall seroprevalence of CCPP in goat population was found to be 18.0%. The prevalence of CCPP varied significantly (p<0...

Imran Khan1*, Shahid Amin2, Safiullah3, Shah Zeb Khan3, Abidullah3, Amjad Ali3, Saghir Imdad Hassan3 and Israr Ud Din3

...udy was to determine the prevalence of camel Trypanosomiasis and to find the comparative infection rate in different age and sex groups of camels. A total of 300 blood samples were used for diagnosis. After analyses, 5.67% (17/300) samples were found positive for Trypanosoma evansi using thick and thin blood smears techniques as per method described by (Adam et al. 1971). A higher infection rate was found in females (6.67%) as compared to males (4.67%). Highes...

A. A- E. Abo-Elkhier1, K. S. E. Abdel-Wahab2, M. A. Ali3, M. A-H. El-Sayed4, N.A-K. Saleh5 and A. A. Atef6

...rformed to determine the prevalence of HEV in Egyptian pregnant women. and to estimate the risk or prenatal transmission of the virus and its effect in infected pregnant women. 120 aborted women between 17-36 years old and 120 women aged matched who had normal full-term pregnancy in labor were included in the present study. Maternal blood was tested for anti-HEV IgG and IgM antibody and the positive cases were tested for HEV Ag and HEV RNA. The fetal tissue fr...

Muhammad Mohsin Abbas1*, Sajjad Ur Rahman1, Muhammad Abubakar2, Muhammad Imran Arshad1 and Khurram Ashfaq3

...purpose to determine the prevalence of FMD virus serotypes Asia 1, O and A in bovines. A total of 838 bovine sera samples were tested through Solid phase competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (SPC-ELISA), based on structural proteins at the National Veterinary Laboratory (NVL), Islamabad from 10 January 2021 to 09 January 2022. The overall bovine population was carrying maximum seroprevalence of serotype O (28.52%) f...

Tajul Islam Mamun, Jillur Rahman, Mahmudul Hasan, Md. Jamal Hossain, Md Wakil Mahmud and Kamruz Zaman

... The study finds out the prevalence of FIP in cats over Dhaka City Corporation. From October 2022 to December 2022, 479 cats were investigated at the Care and Cure Veterinary Clinic in Dhaka. The study showed that approximately 3% (15/479) of cats had feline infectious peritonitis base on clinical history, clinical examination, FIP antibody kit test, blood test and Rivalta’s test. The prevalence of young cats was 6.94%...
Balquees Kanwal1*, Syeda Saba Shah1, Syed Waqas Hassan2 and Farzana Shaheen3
...udy aims to evaluate the prevalence of O157:H7 strain of STEC by detection of Stx-1 and Stx-2 genes in 160 chicken meat samples, which are randomly collected from different regions of Northern Punjab, Pakistan. Isolation of pathogen from meat samples were performed with the use of International Organization for standardization based microbiological techniques, while chain reaction technique (PCR) was used for detection and characterization of Stx-1 and Stx-2 g...

Kétomon Pierre Challaton1*, Coovi Guénolé Akouedegni1, Kadoéito Cyrille Boko2, Goué Géorcelin Alowanou1,3, Pascal Venant Houndonougbo4, Aboudou Habirou Kifouly1, Mawulé Sylvie Hounzangbé-Adoté1  

...esults showed an overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of 96.82 %. Furthermore, goats were mainly infected with coccidia (92.24 %); strongyles (83.91 %), of which the critical genera were Haemonchus sp., Trichostrongylus sp., and Oesophagostomum spp. ; Strongyloides spp. (73.25 %) followed by Moniezia spp. (21.8 %). Other gastrointestinal parasites retrieved were Trichuris sp. (0.94%) and Toxocara sp. (0.28%). Infestation rates and the number of Egg...

Asmaa A. M. Abdel-Ghany1, Ahmed N. El Taweel2, Yassmin Moatasim2, Nagwa S. Ata1, Amany Adel3, Ayman Hany El-Deeb4, Ahmed Kandeil2, Mohamed A. Ali2*, Hussein Ali Hussein4* 

...udy was to determine the prevalence of AIVs in backyard ducks and geese in Assuit governorate, Egypt during 2018, and to study the genetic features of detected AIVs. A total of 245 oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were collected from backyard waterfowls (ducks ≈ 92 and geese ≈ 32) either apparent healthy or demonstrated severe clinical signs of AIV infection from 5 different sites. AIVs were successfully isolated in SPF-ECE from 50 swabs collected f...

Natalia Shchur1,2*, Olha Chechet1, Tetiana Mazur2, Oleksandr Martyniuk2, Olga Gorbatiuk1, Halyna Buchkovska1, Iryna Musiets1, Diana Ordynska1, Olena Finkova3, Larisa Moskalenko3, Tetiana Ponomaryova-Gerasimyuk3, Maksym Lusta3, Vitalii Nedosekov2 

Sar Zamin Khan1*, Muhammad Waqas1 and Sagar M. Goyal2

...cluding virus variation, prevalence, pathogenesis and development of diagnostic tools are important for the formulation of effective prevention and control programs. This review deals with the global prevalence of IBV along with its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and control. In summary, we have discovered that measures to combat infectious bronchitis is not fully effective and the continued attention of the scientific community a...

Md. Rashedul Islam1, Abul Farah Md. Hasanuzzaman1*, Md. Latiful Islam2, Ghausiatur Reza Banu1 

...study tried to determine prevalence and load of total and pathogenic bacteria in the different components of the mud crab hatchery. Selective agar media, a series of biochemical tests, and bacteria isolation kits were used for the isolation and identification of bacteria. The genus Vibrio, Aeromonas and Pseudomonas were identified in different components of the larval production line in the hatchery. V. mimicus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. harveyi and V. alginolyt...

Martin-Luther Oseni Okolo1, Monday Eneojo Akor1, Cornelius Arome Omatola1*, Zainab Penninah Ochada1, Ugbane Eleojo Okolo2, Benjamin Mudi Idache3, Andrew Isiramen4, Julius Akor Omatola5 and Moses Adaji David6

...ldwide tuberculosis (TB) prevalence increased as a result of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic. Nevertheless, the widespread use of efficient antiretrovirals has lately prompted the tendency to reverse. This study was carried out to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis using GeneXpert in HIV seropositive patients attending Kogi State Specialist Hospital, Lokoja. The study was done using 325 confirmed HIV patients (86 males and 239 females). A struct...

Lipigwe Lauya1*, Peace Nkiruka Okeke2, Chukwudi Chizorom Ibeh1, Bello Ozovehe Banimoh1 and Nanma Tongnan Cosmas1

...t both the incidence and prevalence of HIV-2 infection are declining in West Africa. This systematic literature review identifies the factors influencing this decline. We generated secondary data from three selected electronic databases: PUBMED, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, using a mix of keywords and MESH terms such as HIV-2, decline, incidence, and West Africa. Studies were selected if they reported data on the factors responsible for the decline in H...

Suleman Irfan1*, Masood Rabbani1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1, Sehrish Firyal2 and Arfat Yousaf Shaheen1

...nly 5% showed Salmonella prevalence. Molecular detection of Salmonella in collected meat samples through PCR targeting His-J gene showed 6.66% of positive samples previously identified by culturing and biochemical profile. The study showed that poultry meat has highest bacterial load which reflects unsatisfactory sanitation and hygienic conditions in poultry environment that ultimately cause food-borne infections. Besides this, feed also becomes a source of ba...

Salvator Minani1,2*, Eric Nsengiyumva1, Anatole Bigirimana1,2, Arnaud Cubahiro1,2, Dieudonné Ntakirutimana1,2 and Vénuste Bizoza1,2

...arried out to assess the prevalence of fascioliasis by liver inspection in slaughtered ruminants at Muyinga slaughterhouse. The liver of each slaughtered domestic ruminant was inspected, palpated and incised to look for flukes in the liver bile ducts. Statistical analysis was done using R software. A total of 265 domestic ruminants including 69 cattle, 190 goats, and 6 sheep were inspected to determine the presence of Fasciola spp. in their livers. The

Muhammad Aijaz1, Nasir Mahmood2, Ghulam Mujtaba3 and Imran Riaz Malik1*

...0 gene revealed that the prevalence of homozygous normal GG allele was 19%, heterozygous GA was 29% and homozygous mutant AA was 52% in breast cancer patients. However, in healthy individuals, GG allele was found in 70%, GA in 20%, and AA in 10% population. These findings proposed that the IL-10 gene (AA polymorphism) at the -1082 position is most prevalent in local breast cancer patients in Pakistan.

...

Mehwish Malik1*, Zanib Sadia2, Muhammad Sajid3, Hammidullah1, Yasir Amin1, Zubair Ali1 and Sohail Ahmad1

... coli suggesting a total prevalence of E. coli as 86.6 %. The prevalence of ESBLs in cecum of broilers in the present study is 53% of the total samples tested which is 61% of total positive samples. This current situation of prevalence of ESBL E. coli warns poultry farmers to the wise use of medicine in their flocks and move towards the precautionary measures to compete the disease challen...

Supawadee Piratae1*, Noraphat Khiewkham2, Nattawut Maungmungkun2, Chanakan Tippornwong2, Tossapol Seerintra2, Sirikanda Thanasuwan3, Luyen Thi Phung4 

...rformed to determine the prevalence of ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in 127 dogs collected from Rayong province, Thailand. To confirm the identification of these two pathogens, PCR was performed to detect the citrate synthase (gltA) gene followed by sequencing. In addition, the haematological responses of dogs infected with E. canis and A. platys were evaluated. By PCR, 22.8% (95%CI: 15.9-31.1) of the dog samples in this population were positive for one or bot...

Amna Mushtaq, Asia Bibi* and Nahid Kausar

...rtile PCOS patients. The prevalence of anxiety (61.8% vs. 18.7%), depression (56.9% vs.15.3%), sleep apnea (35.3% vs. 6.7%), eating disorders (18.1% vs. 1.3%), marital maladjustment (27.5% vs. 5.3%), poor quality of life (35.3% vs. 3.3%) and migraine (55.4% vs. 10.7%) was significantly high in PCOS women as compared to controls (p<0.001). Infertility was significantly linked to psychotic implications and PCOS female (p<0.001). So, infertile PCOS patients...

Alisher Safarov1*, Nasreen Nasreen4, Firuza Akramova5, Shukhrat Djabbarov1, Adolat Mirzaeva5, Javokhir Esonboev5, Djalaliddin Azimov5, Mourad Ben Said2,3 

... species composition and prevalence of ectoparasites in domestic (dogs and cats) and wild predatory mammals (jackals, wolves, foxes, and reed cats) in Uzbekistan through regular parasite collections. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive surveillance was conducted to calculate the prevalence of ectoparasites in carnivorous mammals. Data on ectoparasite prevalence, including area, host, br...
Asadullah Memon1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1*, Saeed Ahmed Soomro2, Muhammad Ammar Khan3, Akeel Ahmed Memon4 and Hubdar Ali Kolachi1
...esent study assessed the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydia abortus, and Brucella melitensis in 178 sheep and goat samples obtained from Hyderabad, Tando Allahyar, and Mirpurkhas districts of Sindh Province of Pakistan. The results revealed that the seroprevalence of Q fever was significantly (p<0.05) higher than chlamydiosis and brucellosis (43.82% vs. 37.7% and 17.98%). The districts-wise incidences of sero
Maria Azam1, Tahir Mahmood Qureshi1, Saddam Hussain2, Amjad Islam Aqib3*, Shanza Rauf Khan4, Kashif Akram1, Misbah Ijaz5, Maheen Murtaza6, Afshan Muneer6 and Sammina Mahmood7
...n: justify;">The rise in prevalence and drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus of dairy animals require an alternative to antibiotics. Nanoparticles particularly metallic nanoparticles are a wise approach to modulating drug resistance. The current study thus focuses on the replacement of antibiotics with ZnO, MgO, and Fe2O3 nanoparticles. To achieve this goal, 200 cattle milk samples were collected aseptically and screened for subclinical mastitis using the ...

Saddam Hussein Mahmoud* and Shaimaa Nabhan Yassein

...cotic agents, assess the prevalence of mycotic mastitis, and evaluate the virulence of C. albicans that was isolated from Mastitic goats. To investigate the prevalence of mycotic mastitis, related to goats in Baghdad, 166 lactating goats were examined and 332 milk samples were collected from (January – July) 2022. 10 ml of milk were collected in sterile test tubes, an equal volume of milk and CMT reagent were gently sh...

Kiran Afshan1*, Sobia Baseer1, Shanza Kiran1, Ghulam Narjis2 and Sabika Firasat1

...dy aimed to find the seroprevalence of T. gondii among suspected women who visited local hospitals in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Sera of 425 suspected women were screened by latex agglutination test (LAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the IgG and IgM antibodies level. Univariate analysis and odds ratios were calculated to determine the strength of association. The overall T. gondii infection was 60% with LAT, 52...

Irtaza Hussain1, Muti ur Rehman Khan1*, Asim Aslam1, Masood Rabbani2 and Ahsan Anjum1

...udy was to determine the prevalence of contagious ecthyma along with the association of various risk factors in goats and sheep through qualitative enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This technique is sensitive and cost-effective for detecting disease in large no of animals. For this purpose, serum samples from 350 goats and 91 sheep were collected on the 20th day post-infection for detection of antibodies, and essential information related to potentia...

Ishtiaq Ahmed1*, Hamid Ullah2, Zubair Ali2, Muhammad Sohail2, Yasir Amin2 and Afrasyab1

...bottle jaw. The study on prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths parasite of large and small ruminants was conducted in and around district Haripur. Faecal samples (n=633) were randomly collected and were examined for the presence of helminths parasites, in which 463 (73.0%) were found positive for the eggs of different GIT helminths. Seven species of parasites including: Eimeria Spp, Ascaris spp., Strongyloid spp., Fasciola spp. Trichuris spp. Monezia spp. a...

Jaiperkash Moolchandani1*, Geeta Moolchandani2, Syed Mohsin Turab3, Nasima Iqbal4, Ambreen Rehman5 and Shaima Sultana Memon6

...dy aimed to find out the prevalence of non-motor clinical symptoms and the associated factors. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Neuro-medicine Ward, (28), Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi during August 2019 to February 2020. Demographic information including; age, gender, residence, and duration of symptoms were collected by the investigator on prescribed proforma. ICD-10 was used to diagnose the presence of depression; BAI w...

Jameel-ur-Rehman1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1*, Ahmad Ali Moryani1, Riaz Ahmed Leghari1, Abdullah Sethar2, Ali Raza Nizamani3, Abdul Ahad Soomro3, Kanwar Kumar Malhi1 

...udy aimed to explore the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacterial organisms isolated from fish samples. A total of 120 fish samples were collected from fish retail market and ponds (60 from each source) comprising of three fish species i.e., Labeo rohita (LR; local name Rohu), Catla catla (CC; local name Thaila) and Cirrhinus mrigala (CM; local name Morakhi). The samples were processed for isolation of bacterial organisms using conventi...

Asifa Majeed*, Amir Rashid, Palvasha Waheed, Asma Faryal, Aden Razaq and Ayesha Maryam

...osition 3rd with the 17% prevalence of diabetic adults. Diabetes develops several clinical complications and dyslipidemia is one among these complications. Dyslipidemia is marked as derangements in lipid metabolism and is one of the risk factors to develop cardiovascular diseases. The genetic predisposition in association with environmental and lifestyle modifications can play a central role in the progression of diabetic dyslipidemia. A cross-sectional study ...

Samia Afzal1*, Jahanzaib Ahmad1, Iram Amin1, Liaqat Ali2, Muhammad Shahid1, Mohsin Ahmad Khan1 and  Muhammad Idrees1

...ve state and the overall prevalence of HDV in Pakistan is 35% in HBV-positive patients. 

...

Olabode, H.O.K1, Mailafia, S1, Martha Echioda-Ogbole1*, Ameh, J.A1, Amadi, K.I1 and Meseko C.A

...revealed an overall sero-prevalence of 5% with H5 and H9 haemagglutinating inhibiting antibody titre ranging from 1 log2-5 log2. Breed specific sero-prevalence were 4% and 16% for local and exotic (layers) chickens respectively, while broilers showed no detectable antibodies. Questionnaire responses indicated low awareness level on the zoonotic potential of AI but high level of awareness on the economic impact of the disease...
Akram Ali Baloch1*, Adeel Ahmad2, Kaleem U. Kakar3, Sara Naudhani1, Samiullah Khan1, Agha Muhammad Raza3, Imrana Niaz Sultan1, Humaira Zahid4, Saadullah3 and Shakeela Daud1*
...ay facilitate in finding prevalence of lafora disease in Balochistan province of Pakistan.

...

Khadija Begum, Azizunnessa and Md Ahaduzzaman*

...aimed to investigate the prevalence of reproductive problems in does and how they are currently treated. Relevant data on different gynecological cases in does were collected from the record sheets of a teaching veterinary hospital in Chattogram district from August 2021 to July 2022. Cases were diagnosed through evaluating symptoms, physical examination, and ultrasonography. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis was done to study the
Muhammad Abdul Mannan1,2, Sharmin Chowdhury2, Md Abul Hashem3,4 and Md. Hazzaz Bin Kabir1,5*
...pes were discovered. The prevalence of Haemonchus contortus isolated was not influenced by demographic factors such as age, gender, breed, and seasons in the study. Our results highlight the state of our knowledge on the spread of H. contortus parasite among small ruminants in Chattogram slaughterhouses.

...

Muhammad Fiaz Qamar1*, Tahir Hussain1, Iram Liaqat2, Madiha Kiran1 and Abdur Rahman Ansari1

...boratory procedures. The prevalence of Eimeria and Capillaria spp. were recorded as 75% and 25% respectively in district Jhang. Whereas, mixed infection (Eimeria spp. + Capillaria spp.) was not detected in the examined birds. Eggs per gram (EPG) counted through McMaster technique for the Eimeria was 700, while that for Capillaria was 850. Proper control measures, good management and public guidance are needed to control these infections. This is the preliminar...

Ahmed Jaafar Mousa*, Nothaila Rasheed Hamid 

...al would be to study the prevalence and genetic characteristics of T. gallinae in racing pigeons in Thi-Qar province, Iraq, utilizing the ITS1-5.8s rRNA-ITS2 gene. 100 samples were collected from racing pigeons between September and December 2022. The swabs were taken from the throat, pharynx, crop, and esophagus with a cotton swab. Utilizing direct smear and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, 30 (30%) of the 100 collected samples were found to be pos...

Syed Shakeel Shah1, Ayesha Jameel1, Sabila Afzal1*, Muhammad Zubair2, Iram Fatima Bokhari1

...cysts and larvae. A high prevalence of about 47.58% was described in this study. Coriander was the highest contaminated vegetable (51.42%), followed by mint (48.57%). The carrot was the minimum contaminated vegetable with 40% contamination. Examination of vegetables revealed 12 genera of parasites along with aquatic mites (5.74%). Taenia was the most prevalent parasite (25.28%) followed by Ascaris (21.83%), Toxocara (9.19%) and Hymenolepis (9.19%). Isospora be...

ZULNAIRAH REHMAN1*, AZMATULLAH KHAN2, ABDUL WAJID3 & AYESHA MAQBOOL4

...
To investigate the prevalence of Salmonella 240 samples were collected
from different areas of District Mianwali. Out of 240, eighty samples were
of commercial eggs, eighty were of non-commercial eggs and eighty were
of egg storing tray samples collected from local markets and house farms
of District Mianwali. The selective media used for the Salmonella was
hektoen enteric agar. The incidence of...

SAGHIR AHMAD*, WARDA HANIF & SANA YOUNAS

...tudy was to evaluate the prevalence of Immunoglobulin-G (IgG) antibodies specific to Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) simultaneously in sheep, goat and humans associated with the sheep and goat farming from Bahawalpur, Pakistan from May, 2016 to April 2017. 640 blood samples were taken from sheep, goats, farmers and non-farmer humans (160 each). Blood sera were examined to detect anti-Toxoplasma antibodies (IgG) by employing latex agglutination test (LAT). The fi...
ZAHID FAROOQ1, RUQIA BIBI2, IRFAN BABOO3*, KAMRAN ABBAS4, MUHAMMAD SHAHBAZ5, KHALID
JAVED IQBAL6, DILAWAR HUSSAIN7, MUHAMMAD ABRAR8, ASMA CHAUDHRY9 & TANVEER
HUSSAIN10
...div>...

Abdul Latif Rind1*, Shahid Hussain Abro1, Rameez Raja Kaleri2,3, Ghulam Mustafa Solangi4, Raza Ali Mangi5, Muhammad Anees Memon6, Depeesh Kumar Bhuptani7, Sana Noor8, Zainab Lanjar9, Zahid Ali Mangrio10 and Abdul Wahid Solangi

...ens. The analysis of PPR prevalence was carried out according to breed, sex, age, and Taluka. The overall PPR prevalence was found to be 20%, with the highest prevalence rate (50%) observed in Jam Nawaz Ali Taluka and the lowest (7.5%) in Shahdadpur Taluka. The prevalence was higher in goats (30%) than in sheep (10%). Female animals had a higher

Tariq Jamil1, Muhammad Saqib2*, Abid Rashid3, Muhammad Hammad Hussain4, Khushal Khan Kasi5, Muhammad Haleem Tayyab2, Muhammad Azam Kakar5, Heinrich Neubauer1 and Mudassar Iqbal6*

Vijay Kumar1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1*, Nazar Ali Korejo1, Ambreen Leghari2, Faiz Muhammad Khand2, Riaz Ahmed Leghari1, Khaliq-ur-Rehman Bhutto3 

... and 10 samples, showing prevalence of 40.0, 42.22 and 40.0 percent in broiler, layer and ducks, respectively. Duck isolates exhibited 100 percent resistance against tetracycline, sulfamethazine and doxycycline, followed by ampicillin that showed 70% resistance. In case of layers tetracycline, sulfamethazine and doxycycline showed 100 percent resistance to Salmonella isolates, followed by ampicillin and enrofloxacin that exhibited 73.68 and 63.15% resistance. ...

Nimra Altaf1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Afzal1,2, Muhammad Arshad1, Samina Khalid3, Naunain Mehmood4

...ultural pest with global prevalence
 
Novelty Statement | In this study, we present a novel and promising approach to combat the devastating Fall armyworm, a notorious agricultural pest with a widespread global impact.  Our study provides essential insights into the efficacy of widely employed insecticides, offering practical guidance for addressing a critical issue in the field of agricultu...

Putu Henrywaesa Sudipa1*, Hapsari Mahatmi1, Ketut Tono Pasek Gelgel1, I Gusti Ketut Suarjana1, I Nengah Kerta Besung1, Romy Muhammad Dary Mufa2 , I Wayan Sukernayasa3 

...d to provide data on the prevalence and identification of fungi by using morphological methods. The samples were vaginal swabs obtained from 22 healthy female Bali cattle from various locations in Bali, Indonesia. For isolation, vaginal swabs were cultured on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA) medium and identification was performed macroscopically by observing colony growth and microscopically using the tape smear method stained with Methylene Blue stain. ...

Anshara Javed Qureshi and Ishrat Aziz*

...ext-align: justify;">The prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes (Capillaria specie) or the risk of capillariasis in domestic pigeons (Columbia Livia) in the Bahawalpur area of Pakistan was investigated in May 2023. Fecal samples of 100 pigeons (30 males and 70 females) belonging to 30 different breeds were collected from four different houses of the Dilawar colony area of Bahawalpur, and proceeded qualitatively through direct microscopy and floatation method...

Retno Setyaningsih1, Sri Murtini2*, I Wayan Teguh Wibawan2, Surachmi Setiyaningsih2, Ekowati Handharyani3

...irst case reported a seroprevalence study was conducted in the West Bandung District of West Java Province, Indonesia, revealed the presence of RHDV antibody in rabbit serums without clinical symptoms in some rabbit farms. The presence of antibodies to RHDV in rabbits without vaccination indicates exposure to the virus. Thus, this study aims to investigate the presence of RHDV antigen in asymptomatic seroconverted RHDV rabbits in West Bandung District, West Ja...

Mollah Mohammad Lalmoddin*, Pal Dipa Rani, Ferdous Jannatul

...2022. In this study, the prevalence and risk factors of lumpy skin disease in cattle population in the study area was determined. A total number of 1390 diseases cases were recorded randomly irrespective of age, sex, breed and season over the study period, among them 325 case were clinically diagnosed as Lumpy Skin Disease. The overall prevalence of Lumpy Skin Disease in cattle was 23.38%. The preval...

Faiza Naeem1, Muhammad Farooq Sabar1, Muhammad Usman Ghani2,*, Qurat Ul Ain1 and Qurat-ul-Ain Zafar1

...atory disorder with high prevalence. In the current study, a list of significantly asthma-associated genes was created to identify asthma-associated pathways and ranking of genes based on protein interactions and centrality-lethality hypothesis representing that knockdown of influential node and edge leads toward the development of the disease. This ranking allows identification of the influential protein for the targeted drug discovery and therapies. An exten...
Iko-Ojo Charity Ikwe Agada, James Agbo Ameh, Olatunde H. Olabode and Martha Echioda-Ogbole*
...to describe the pattern, prevalence and seasonality of canine parvoviral infection in Abuja based on records of laboratory confirmed CPE cases from 2011- 2021 presented to Veterinary world clinic, Abuja. A total of 197 cases of gastroenteritis were recorded in the years under review, out of which 132 (67%) cases were confirmed positive for CPE using the SNAP parvovirus antigen detection kit (IDEXX Laboratories, United State). Other disease conditions include h...
Muhammad Fiaz Qamar1*, Tahir Hussain1, Iram Liaqat2, Madiha Kiran1, Abdur Rahman Ansari3, Faiza Yasmeen1 and Tahira Batool3
...the determination of the prevalence of gut parasites in domestic pigeons through routine laboratory methods in district Jhang. Fresh fecal samples (n = 1800) of pigeons were gathered in plastic bags from district Jhang home fanciers and local retailers. Smearing, sedimentation, and flotation procedures were among the various parasitological methods used to analyze all of the samples that were gathered. Herein, the prevalence...
Kanwal Nisa1, Sadia Roshan1, Shazia Shamas1,2*, Raheela Atta Mustafa3, Shamaila Irum1, Kalsoom Sughra4 and Memoona Iqbal1 
...cific antigen (PSA). The prevalence of Prostate cancer recorded in Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan was 2%. Our study may prove feasible for the detection of prostate cancer in aged males. Testosterone replacement therapy may prove to be effective in retrieving the complications induced by prostate cancer. 
...

Asma Sadia Authoy2, Aneek Chanda2, Aparna Datta3, Md Shohel Al Faruk4, Towhida Kamal1* 

...focused on assessing the prevalence of ectoparasites among companion animals in the Dhaka Metropolitan area from January 2022 to August 2022. Data were gathered from Teaching and Training Pet Hospital and Research Center (TTPHRC), focusing on dogs and cats exhibiting skin lesions. A cross-sectional study was conducted, utilizing comprehensive questionnaires based on various risk factors such as age, sex, breed, vaccination history, deworming, etc. A total of 1...

El-Tarabili M. M., El-Shahidy M. S., Rifaat M. M., Kania S. A. and Abdelwahab Shahira A.

...-100% for both. The high prevalence of MCF in cattle and deer shows the significant economic burden of the disease in these animal species.

...

Musaad A. Al-Dubaib

...gel immunodiffusion, the prevalence rate in 3 farms were 43.13%, 21.79% and 6.25%. The prevalence rates with ELISA in the same herds were 52.94%, 34.01% and 6.25% respectively. Tested samples of two more herds showed no evidence of infection. Concerning native cattle and other animal species tested, no positive cases were recorded. The results indicated that bovine leukosis exists among dairy farms specially the farms owning...

Tarek Refaay, E.A. Elshafiee, Hayam A. Mansour and Maha A. Sabry*

 

... O157:H7 with an overall prevalence of 1.9% (2/108). The highest prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 (8.3%) isolates was recovered from raw chicken and cooked beef meat in Hurghada Governorate followed by Luxor Governorate (6.3%). There is no E. coli O157:H7 isolates were identified in Sharm El Sheikh and Aswan governorates. All E. coli O157:H7 isolates (100%) showed resistance to ampicillin (AMP), cefixime, ciprofloxacin and cotr...

Kouengoua Kouengoua Armelle Prudence1*, Yessinou Roland2, Nankam Chimi Roland1, Fotsac Dzousse Muller1, Kouam Alain1, Djuikwo Felicite1, Facho Balaam1, Awah Ndukum Julius3, Farougou Souaibou2 

...f the factors related to prevalence, host, causal agents, methods of diagnostics, risk factors. After several screenings, six articles were considered for this systematic review. East and Southern Africa countries carry on most researches on bovine tuberculosis in wildlife. Available studies assessed the status of wild mammal, carnivore. Further researches to improve the knowledge on the status of bovine tuberculosis in wildlife in Africa are still needed in o...

Haseeb Zafar1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1*, Zain-Ul- Abideen1, Muhammad Kamran Taj2, Sibtain Ahmad3 , Umbreen Zafar2 

...nducted to determine the prevalence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in various broiler farms located in the Quetta district, and to evaluate the susceptibility of the E. coli isolates to different antimicrobial agents. A total of 150 samples from a variety of sources (cecum, feed, bedding, water, air, and flies; n = 25 each) were collected from five distinct broiler farms (n=30/farm) in the district of Quetta. Samples were streaked on selective (Xylose Lysine De...

Joseph Oyiguh Abraham1, Cornelius Arome Omatola1*, Martin-Luther Oseni Okolo1, Ruth Foluke Aminu1, Emmanuel Edegbo1, Olubunmi Marvelous Emurotu1, Danjuma Muhammed2, Jesse Joseph Chock3, Helen Ojomachenwu Ocean4 and Yahaya Ocholi5

...of information about the prevalence of the three viruses in the study area. Therefore, the current study determined the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV among students of a tertiary institution and its environs in Idah, Kogi State, Nigeria. Sera obtained from 1000 consented individuals were screened for HBsAg, anti-HCV, and HIV antibodies using commercial immunoassay test kits. Relevant demographic information was obtained fr...

Alif Rahman Rohim Puarada*, Safika, Agustin Indrawati

...arly associated with the prevalence of Bacillus pumilus. Metal and environmental resistance mechanisms underscore the complex adaptations within the birds’ gastrointestinal. The study highlights concern regarding the elevated presence of antibiotic resistance genes, particularly those associated with synthetic antibiotics, pointing to potential environmental exposures, including agricultural antibiotic use.
 
Keywords | AMR g...

Sudip Kumar Sharma1, Al-Nur Md. Iftekhar Rahman1,2, Mahfuzul Islam1,3*  

... investigate the disease prevalence and drug use among pet dogs at the Central Veterinary Hospital (CVH) in Bangladesh. Ninety (90) pet dogs that were brought to the CVH were the subjects of a two-month cross-sectional prospective study that took place between July and August of 2022. Patient owners’ complaints, clinical disease histories, and patient clinical examinations were used to diagnose the clinical diseases. The most common clinical diseases&nbs...

Waseem Abbas1, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro1*, Hasina Baloch1,  Muhammad Abubakar3, Muhammad Saleem Kalhoro1, Neluma Wali2, Mazhar Hussain Mangi1, Azhar Ali Laghari4, Shahid Hussain Abro1, Rani Wagan1 and Mehkar Hussain5

... Baltistan Pakistan. Seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis were recorded during this study. Confirmation of Brucella abortus in serum was carried out using Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA). Seroprevalence at district Gilgit was recorded 6.66% in cows and 6.66% in yak while it was 3.33% in zo. Seroprevalence at Nagar district wa...

Kunlayaphat Wuthijaree1, Pattaraporn Tatsapong1, Sukanya Yung-Rahang2, Prayad Thirawong2, Koonphol Pongmanee2*

...This study evaluated the prevalence and average number of gastrointestinal parasites per chicken (worm burden) in Thai indigenous chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). A total of, 229 chickens (113 males and 116 females) were investigated in 3 selected districts in central Thailand. Chickens were raised under extensive backyard conditions and then slaughtered at ages 12, 14, 16 and 18 weeks. Standard parasitological procedures were used to determine the worm bu...

Oybek A.Abduganiev1, Erkinjon B.Shakarboev2*

...e Syrdarya River – prevalence 0.7-30.0%, intensity of infection 1-72 individuals; Aidar Arnasay lake system – prevalence 0.9-27.8%, intensity of infection 1-46 individuals; Tuyabuguz reservoir – prevalence 2.1-26.6%, intensity of infection 1-38 individuals; fishing farms – prevalence 0.3-29.6%, intensity of infection 1-67 individu...

MUHAMMAD NAEEM RAZA1, KALSOOM SUGHRA1* & NADIA ZEESHAN1

...designed to diagnose the prevalence of HCV genotypes circulating in Gujrat, Punjab. Blood samples of 3540 suspected patient were collected from July 2017 to January 2019 and analyzed for HCV infection by using qualitative PCR, confirmed cases were subjected to molecular genotyping on Real Time PCR (Applied Biosystems, Step One software). Results show 2750 out of 3540 (77.6%) suspected patients were positive for HCV-RNA. Female have higher percentage (57.78%) t...

SHEIKH AJAZ RASOOL1, MUHAMMAD SALMAN RASOOL2 & MUNAZZA AJAZ3

...timulation. Further, the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae member strains has been witnessed producing Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBLs) and Carbapenemases. Drug resistance in viral entities has also posed challenge for public health programs. About 20% people die of viral hepatitis in one of Pakistan provinces. A counter malarial acrine drug is being tried against proteinaceous infectious particles (causing many transmissible neuro-diseases). These e...

Dilruba Akter Mir1, Md. Sahidul Islam¹*, Mosammat Mahamuda Khatun1, Sharmin Zaman1, Bidyut Matubber², Nazmin Sultana Runa3, Zannatul Ferdous3, Tithe Saha3, Md. Anwar Jahid4  

...d to investigate the seroprevalence of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in chickens at Barishal district of Bangladesh, from November 2021 to October 2022. During the reporting period, a total of 419 serum samples (227 layers and 192 broilers) were randomly collected from apparently healthy, sick and recovered birds. The haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test was used to analyze the chicken sera samples for determination of the titer of the antibodies against...

Dilruba Akter Mir1, Md. Sahidul Islam¹*, Mosammat Mahamuda Khatun1, Sharmin Zaman1, Bidyut Matubber², Nazmin Sultana Runa3, Zannatul Ferdous3, Tithe Saha3, Md. Anwar Jahid4  

...d to investigate the seroprevalence of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in chickens at Barishal district of Bangladesh, from November 2021 to October 2022. During the reporting period, a total of 419 serum samples (227 layers and 192 broilers) were randomly collected from apparently healthy, sick and recovered birds. The haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test was used to analyze the chicken sera samples for determination of the titer of the antibodies against...

Yousef Abdal Jalil Fadladdin1, Ateeq Ullah2*, Raheela Nawaz3, Yagoob Garedaghi4, Abbas M.A. Al-Azab5 and Mashael Abdullah Aldamigh6

...economic profiles to the prevalence roundworm and hookworm infections among school children in district Malakand, Pakistan. A cross-sectional study, involving 200 school children was conducted between October 2018 to September 2019. The risk factor was identified by using the Interviews, observation, and anthropometric indices assessment. The stool samples were collected and preserved in 10% formalin solution and safely transported to Parasitology Laboratory, ...

Mirwaise Khan1, Rubab Maqsood1, Hamad Bin Rashid2, Shakera Sadiq Gill1, Muhammad Noman1, Rafia Akram1, Muhammad Sajid Hasni1, Haroon Rashid3 and Mamoona Chaudhry1*

Zuhair Dardona1,2, Adnan Al-Hindi3, Mohamed Hafidi1, Ali Boumezzough1 and Samia Boussaa1,4*

...lemented to evaluate the prevalence of T. gondii and the type of red meat samples (mutton and beef) examined using PCR and ELISA. Similarly, in the detection of T. gondii, a comparison of the PCR approach and ELISA was conducted, and all of these relationships were shown to be statistically significant, with p  values < 0.05. Meanwhile, this investigation found that beef samples were devoid of T. gondii infection. Regardless of whether it was examined ...

Ali Hassan1, Javaria Ashraf1*, Salman Wahid1, Kamran Alyas1, Samaria Nisar1, Sadia Kanwal2, Nadia Hussain Ahmad2, Amna Bibi2 and Rameen Nawaz3

...GCA/2 SCA) indicated the prevalence of non-additive gene action. In addition, lines FH-152, CIM-632 and BS-20 showed a strong GCA impact for majority of the studied traits. Significant GCA effects were seen among the testers for most of the qualities in NIAB-5. Further, the hybrids FH-152 ×  NIAB-5 and CIM-632 × NIAB-5 displayed strong SCA effects, positive heterosis, and heterobeltosis for different important traits.

...

Ahmed Kareem Kadhim Al-Wasmee1, Waddah Salam Hassone2, Hawraa Talib Al-Janabi3, Hamed AH Al-Jabory1

Yanis Cruz-Quintana1*, Ana María Santana-Piñeros1, Byron Manuel Reyes-Mero1, Leonela Griselda Muñoz-Chumo1 and Lenin Cáceres-Farías1,2 
...located in El Coca, with prevalence of 100%, and mean intensity of 0.21 ± 4.7 parasites per host. Histopathological analysis showed the presence of slight hyperplasia and thickening of the lamellae of parasitized fish. The fish from El Coca farm showed significantly lower average sizes and weights than the fish from the other two farms, confirming the susceptibility of the smaller fish to these parasites. This is the first record of T. heterodentata<...

Apurbo Kumar Mondal1, Md. Rabiul Auwul2, Md. Momotaj Hossen3, Md. Sodrul Islam1*, Narayan Paudyal4, Md. Shahidul Islam1 and Kazi Khalid Ibne Khalil1

... estimates of the global prevalence and potential risk factors of PPR among sheep and goats. Based on the selection criteria and quality assessment score, 40 peer-reviewed publications were included in the final database for the meta-analysis. The prevalence was determined in a forest plot using R studio software with a 95% confidence interval (CI). In addition, the significance of the study publications was shown through a...
Udo Schickhoff Dr.
...on are reflected by the prevalence of nitrophilous weeds, light-loving elements as well as unplalatable and browsing resistant species. A detailed vegetation mapping has revealed that the potential forest areas have decreased by c. 50%. The historical transformation processes from forests into farm and rangelands can be differentiated into several periods with varying degrees of intensity. It turns out that the dynamics of landscape change are heavily...

Ali Mohammed Obayes*, Zaid Salah Hussein 

...ing and to determine the prevalence of glanders in horses and donkeys. For this reason, a competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was applied to determine seropositivity against Burkholderia mallei in clinically confirmed cases of glanders from Baghdad city. Analysis of sera samples collected from horses (n=80) demonstrated that 36 horses were positive with a percentage of 22.5 % positivity rate. Of the donkey (n = 80), a total of 4 cases wer...

Helal F. Al-Harthi1*, Essam H. Eldrehmy1,2, Afaf Eladl3, Marwa I Abd El-Hamid2*

...esigned to elucidate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of S. aureus among meat and meat products’ samples in Egypt and to determine the virulence genes profiles of MDR biofilm-producing MRSA isolates. A total of 150 samples were obtained from bovine meat (n= 30) and meat products (n= 120) samples in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Conventional identification techniques detected 50 (33.3%) staphylococcal isolates (32.8%); 28 (18.7%) wer...

Nada Hamzah Shareef Al Shabbani1, Marwa Jamal Hussain Al Kinani2*, Tmara Qais Al-Mohammadi1 

... excessive males and the prevalence of SCABies were more in a young adult group in comparison with other age groups. It was found that lesions with wiry projections tended to persist for two weeks to 52 weeks and the number of nodules had varied from one to fourteen lesions. Examination of Histopathological slide showing acanthosis in 80, histolymphocytic infiltration in 76, and eosinophilia in 100 of total cases in the whole period. After the scabitic nodule ...

Farhatul-Ain Arshad1, Asia Bibi1*, Amna Mushtaq1, Rubaida Mehmood2 and Nahid Kausar1

...PCOS. The occurrence and prevalence of PCOS are attributed to multiple alternative factors which warrant future studies comprising of larger cohorts and at the national levels.

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Walid Elmonir1*, Dalia Abdeltawab1, Hanem El-Sharkawy2 and Rasha N. Zahran3

...yers flocks. The overall prevalence of Salmonella was 4.1% for each production system. Six commercial flocks (60%) and three backyard layers flocks (30%) harbored at least one Salmonella isolate. The prevalence rates of Salmonella spp. in eggs and environmental samples from commercial layers flocks were 2.5% (10/400) and 7.1% (15/210), respectively. The prevalence rates of the same samples...

Yue Guo1,2*, Hai Yan Dong1, Hong Chang Zhou1,2, Hui Zhang1 and Ming Ke Lu3

Camilo Romero Núñez1, Laura Miranda Contreras1, Rafael Heredia Cárdenas1, Ariadna Flores Ortega2*, Linda Guiliana Bautista Gómez3 

...as to assess the current prevalence and risk factors for Toxocara spp. in cats. A total of 3695 fecal samples from cats of all ages, genders, breeds, clinical conditions, and origins, representing 31 out of the 32 states of the Mexican Republic, were included. Toxocara presence was assessed using the direct smear technique and Faust centrifugation-flotation with a 33% saturated solution of zinc sulfate. The overall prevalence

Muhammad Wasif Gulzar*1, Riffat Maqsood1, Hussain Abbas1, Musharraf Manzoor1, Muhammad Suleman1, Hassaan Ahmad Bajwa2, Ali Hamza2, Shaher Yar1, Muhammad Zain1, Abdul Wadood1 and Noman Aslam3

...us, which may reduce the prevalence of sickness. Aside from their deadly toxicity, certain pesticides have characteristics that alter feeding patterns or otherwise impede the spread of viruses.

...

Md. Asaduzzaman Lovelu1, Md. Amir Hossain2*, Md. Uzzal Hossain1, Tanzila Zafrin Tanvi1, Mahfuza Ferdous3, Nazmin Sultana Runa4, Assrafi Siddika3, Md. Sahidul Islam2 

...ate the risk factors and prevalence of tick infestations that cause economic harm to livestock as well as related diseases. A total 557 calves were analyzed between January and May of 2023, with age, sex, housing, and health categories. By hand-picking ticks, blood parasites were examined under a stereomicroscope and stained with Giemsa’s stain. Among the investigated cattle, 37.88% had tick infestations: 14% had Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, 28.0...

Kashif Haleem, Basheer Ahmad, Muhammad Rayyan, Nowsherwan Zarif, Saif Ullah Khan, Salman Ahmad and Anwar Ali*

...le 58% believed that the prevalence of poplars in the area decreases agricultural production due to shade and water absorption, and 8% reported no impact. The findings reveal a significant annual income from selling farm trees, ranging between Rs 1 and 2,000,000. According to the data, 61.25% of respondents reported that agroforestry increases milk sales, while 38.75% stated it reduces milk sales due to competition between poplars and agricultural crops for wa...

Alain Kouam Simo1, Roland Nankam Chimi1*, Stevine Ngoueni Megouo1, Ariane Megne Fossouo1, Félicité Flore Djuikwo-Teukeng2, Mamoudou Abdoulmoumini3

...This study evaluated the prevalence and risks factors of bovine schistosomiasis in the North, Adamawa and west, regions of Cameroon. A total of 700 cattle were examined in slaughterhouses in the Adamawa, North and West regions from February to September 2023.Screening methods by visual exploration of the mesenteric veins in search of adult worms and coproscopic analysis using the filtration technique were used. This last technique, although being the technique...

Saba Mehnaz1*, Farhan Ahmad Atif2, Rao Zahid Abbas1, Muhammad Kasib Khan1 and Muhammad Saqib3

...ngle and duplex PCR. The prevalence of these pathogens and associated risk factors were observed through the multiple logistic regression method. The overall prevalence of a single infection of A. marginale was found to be 14.26% and for T. annulata it was 15.28%. The mixed infection, through duplex PCR in the buffalo population, was observed as 12.92%. Different associated risk factors were evaluated to assess their associa...

Fatima Kanwal

...aim was to determine the prevalence and density of growing unwanted weeds in the seasonal crops of regions. For this purpose, 50 quadrats of 1m by 1m were randomly plotted and analyzed. Polygonaceae, Poaceae, and Chenopodiaceae were the most common families observed. A total of 14 different weed species belonging to 10 distinct families were identified. Goose grass (Elusine indica), Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), and Black nightshade (Solanum nigram) accou...

Real Datta1*, Md- Tariqul Islam2, Md. Afradul Islam3, Apurbo Kumar Mondal4, Tilak Chandra Nath1, Kazi Mehetazul Islam1, Jamal Uddin Bhuiyan1 

...tle and to ascertain the prevalence and associated risk factors of GIT nematodes in cattle in Sylhet district of Bangladesh. The investigation included the identification of nematode species, a questionnaire survey, and fecal testing. This study investigated the connections between various significant risk factors and the prevalence of GIT nematodes in Cattle. A total of 246 fecal samples from cattle grown under various mana...

Barkat Ali Jatoi1*, Amjad Hussain Mirani1, Abdul Latif Bhutto1, Ambreen Laghari2, Abdul Samad Magsi3, Ahmed Sultan Jatoi4, Aneela Sultan Jatoi5, Muhammad Mohsen Rahimoon6, Aarab Khan Lund7, Om Parkash1, Atif Ali Malak8 

...onducted to estimate the prevalence rate of Hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) in buffalo at various talukas of district Shaheed Benazirabad (SBA) and to observe the efficacy of drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera) and river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) plant extracts against Pasteurella multocida. A total of 10 farms of each taluka of Shaheed Benazirabad district (i.e. Nawabshah, Qazi Ahmed, Daur and Sakrand) were visited to examine animals suspected of being inf...
Abdul Majeed Saim1, Arshad Javid1, Misbah Sarwar2­, Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman3 and Ali Hussain4*
...udy aimed to investigate prevalence of E. coli and S. enterica and occurrence of their antibiotic resistance (ABR) genes in selected wild and captive bird species in Pakistan. E. coli and S. enterica were isolated from fecal samples of birds and identified by phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular characterization of ABR genes by PCR. E. coli colonies appeared circular and dark purple on EMB agar media plates while S. enterica colonies were small, circular, an...

Suravi Akter, Md. Bipul Mondal and Md. Mahmudul Alam*

...s aimed to determine the prevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in the Joypurhat district of Bangladesh and also to investigate clinicopathological changes and economic impact of this disease in cattle. At Akkelpur upazila in Joypurhat district, a survey was done on 82 cattle to find out the prevalence and economic impact of FMD. To calculate the economic impact, treatment costs, and labour costs including extra care and...

Israa M. Essa*, Ghazi Y. Azzal, Alaa Tariq Abdulwahid

... aims to investigate the prevalence rate of Fasciola in livers of 361 slaughtered sheep at Basra province (Iraq) with molecular testing and phylogenetic analysis of obtained flukes in the National Center For Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The findings showed that 8.03% of livers were infected with Fasciola spp., in which, juvenile flukes were observed significantly (79.31%) when compared to adults (20.69%). Based on morphology, all adult flukes were diagnos...

Md Imran Hossen1, Shakhe Reju Ana Boishakhe1 and Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh2*

...as conducted to know the prevalence of FP in cats of Barishal region and also to know the frequency of different factors associated with FP. The study was performed at Upazila Livestock Office and Veterinary Hospital, Barishal Sadar and Pet Clinic, Barishal between November 01, 2023 to 10 April, 2024. A total of 131 case data were investigated that were extracted from the paper-based recording system in both place of which 53 cases were diagnosed as FP. Next, ...
Namaat R Abdulla1*, Abdullah FA2, Ali Abd Kadhum3, Ghanyem HS4, Noor R Abdulla5
... of Subclinical mastitis prevalence and Investigation of usefulness of 16SrDNA for rapid PCR detection of NTM in clinical samples. A total of 120 milk and faecal samples were collected from 70 cow and 50 ewes to identify subclinical mastitis cases using The Modified White Side Test (MWST) and16S rDNA-based PCR. The results of MWST revealed that relatively higher prevalence (83%) of SCM was observed in cows followed by

Zhulmaydin C. Fachrussyah1*, Indra G. Ahmad2, Iin S. Lantu3, Arafik Lamadi2, Wila R. Nento3

...skin. In this study, the prevalence and intensity of ectoparasites were 15% and 0.35 for Gyrodactylus sp; 10% and 0.26 for Dactylogyrus sp, while Lernea sp and Vorticella sp were 7.5% and 0.18, respectively. The most common infection was Gyrodactylus sp., which was classified as a “frequent infection.” The infection with Lernea sp. and Vorticella sp. had the lowest prevalence rate, classified as “infection ...

Rael Jepkogei Masai 

... rainy season. Infection prevalence of geohelminths was A. lumbricoides, A. duodenale and T. trichiura, 40% (p<.05), 25% (p<.05), and 1% infection prevalence were detected respectively during the wet season, and 24.5%, 10.5% and 1% respectively during the dry season, 16% of P.falciparum (p<.05) were infections during the wet season, representing 5.3% of P. falciparum infection among all the study participants and on...

Zulfiqar Ali1, Asad Ullah2*, Shumaila Gul3, Maryam Begum4, Raheela Taj5, Tahira Tayyeb1, Maiz ur Rahman1, Muhammad Owais Khan1, Rafiq Ullah1, Imad Khan2, Ali Gohar2, Shakirullah Khan6, Khudija Ghani7 and Muneeb Islam8

...udy was to determine the prevalence of tick infestation, epidemiological characteristics, associated risk factors, and investigation of a variety of hard tick infestation in small ruminant populations in District Mardan, Buner, and Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 5000 goats and sheep of various ages, breeds, sexes, and locations were inspected and examined for tick infestation. A total of 1774 goats and 1044 sheep were found to be tick infe...

Abdul Ghaffar1*, Ayesha Maqsood1, Riaz Hussain2, Ghulam Abbas3, Rabia Tahir4, Habiba Jamil1, Fozia Afzal5, Ahrar Khan6,7, Muhammad Ahmad Chishti1, Shahnaz Rashid3, Aliya Noreen8, Kashfa Akram1 and Maria Niaz1

...ividuals and compare its prevalence across different age groups. The findings indicated an increase in the rate of DNA damage with age. Highly damaged cells exhibited a greater tail length of DNA compared to slightly damaged, damaged, and undamaged cells.

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Mokammel Hossain Tito, Most Hoor E Jannat, Marzia Afrose, S.M. Jubayer Ahmed, Shah Md Maruf, Md. Arafat Hossain, Safiullah Samani, Ruksana Jahan Mira, Barshon Saha, Asraful Islam Jihad and Tonmoy Kumar Das

... taken from mendely with prevalence ranges from 4.8% to 72.1% in cattle. In this paper we have used total of five algorithms including Naïve Bayes, MLP (Multilayer Perceptron), SMO (Sequential Minimal Optimization), AdaBoostM1, and REP Tree. Each model evaluated using various criteria, such as Accuracy, Kappa statistic, Precision, Recall, F measure, Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) and required time to perform the model. Analysis revealed Multilayer...

Rand K. Abbas1, Zahraa S. Hadi1*, Zainab A. Hussein2, Sajad K. Matooq3

... study was to assess the prevalence of parasitic diseases in domestic hens that acquired from the poultry market between March 2023 and October 2023. In order to analyze blood parameters (Hb, PCV, RBC, and WBC), sixty mature chickens were employed. Blood samples (1 ml) were taken from each chicken’s jugular vein and placed into an ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid test tube. The tube was then gently shaken. The results were obtained using the Cell-Dyn Ru...
Hussein Ali Naji1, Saad Hashim Al-Husseiny2, Zainab Abdul Hussein Saud3 and Wesssam Monther Mohammed Saleh1*
...d to investigate the seroprevalence of Schmallenberg virus antibodies in cattle in Basra and Al_Qadisiyah Provinces in south Iraq from September 2019 to august 2021. In a total 78 serum samples of cattle aged from 2-5 years were analyzed with competitive enzyme – linked immunosorbent assay for Schmalleneberg virus. All the suspected animals suffered from many recurrent non-specific clinical signs such as dropping of milk production 78 (100%), loss of app...