Immunomodulatory Effect of Bacillus licheniformis Again st the Aflatoxins Induced Molecular Pathological Changes in Rat Model

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Immunomodulatory Effect of Bacillus licheniformis Again st the Aflatoxins Induced Molecular Pathological Changes in Rat Model

Samia S. Alkhalil¹, Faisal Al-Sarraj², Abeer S. Aloufi³, Zuhair M. Mohammedsaleh⁴, Mamdoh S. Moawadh⁴, Fayez M. Saleh⁵, Majid Al-Zahrani⁶, Waheeb Aggad⁷, Youssef S. Alghamdi⁸, Mutaib M. Mashraqi⁹, Saleh Alshamrani⁹ and

Mona H. Soliman^10,11*

Author Affiliations

¹Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

²Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

³Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia

⁴Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia

⁵Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia

⁶Biological Science Department, College of Science and Art, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia

⁷Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 8304, Jeddah 23234, Saudi Arabia

⁸Department of Biology, Turabah University College, Taif University, 21995, Saudi Arabia

⁹Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia

¹⁰Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt

¹¹Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Sharm, Yanbu El-Bahr, Yanbu 46429, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

* Corresponding author: hmona@sci.cu.edu.eg

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Fig. 1.

Antibody response after 7 days of (A) Primary, (B) secondary SRBCs injection and after 14 days, (C) primary, (D) secondary SRBCs injection.

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Fig. 2.

(A) Lymphoproliferative response to phytohemagglutinin of rats treated with aflatoxins and Bacillus licheniformis in different combinations and (B) Phagocytic index of rats treated with aflatoxins and Bacillus licheniformis in different combinations.

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Fig. 3.

Histopathological examination of bursa of Fabricius of rats treated with aflatoxins and Bacillus licheniformis in different combinations. (A) Photomicrograph of group A (Basal diet) showing normal parenchyma of bursa of Fabricius. (B) Photomicrograph of group B (aflatoxins) showing increased interfollicular spaces. (C) Photomicrograph of group C (aflatoxins and Bacillus) showing almost normal parenchyma (D) Photomicrograph of group D (Bacillus) showing normal bursal parenchyma.

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Fig. 4.

(A) Total antioxidants concentration (TAC) in the serum of rats treated with aflatoxins and Bacillus licheniformis in different combinations and (B) Total antioxidants status (TOS) in the serum of rats treated with aflatoxins and Bacillus licheniformis in different combinations.

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Fig. 5.

(A) Serum concentrations of heme oxygenease 1 (HO-1), (B) glutathione S transferase (GST), and (C) superoxide dismutase (SOD) of rats treated with aflatoxins and Bacillus licheniformis in different combinations

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Fig. 6.

Serum interleukin concentrations of rats treated with aflatoxins and Bacillus licheniformis in different combinations.

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Fig. 7.

IFN-γ (A), IL-1 (B), IL-1B (C), and IL-10 (D) concentrations in the serum of rats treated with aflatoxins and Bacillus licheniformis in different combinations.

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Immunomodulatory Effect of Bacillus licheniformis Again st the Aflatoxins Induced Molecular Pathological Changes in Rat Model

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Immunomodulatory Effect of Bacillus licheniformis Again st the Aflatoxins Induced Molecular Pathological Changes in Rat Model

Samia S. Alkhalil¹, Faisal Al-Sarraj², Abeer S. Aloufi³, Zuhair M. Mohammedsaleh⁴, Mamdoh S. Moawadh⁴, Fayez M. Saleh⁵, Majid Al-Zahrani⁶, Waheeb Aggad⁷, Youssef S. Alghamdi⁸, Mutaib M. Mashraqi⁹, Saleh Alshamrani⁹ and

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Immunomodulatory Effect of Bacillus licheniformis Again st the Aflatoxins Induced Molecular Pathological Changes in Rat Model

Immunomodulatory Effect of Bacillus licheniformis Again st the Aflatoxins Induced Molecular Pathological Changes in Rat Model

Samia S. Alkhalil1, Faisal Al-Sarraj2, Abeer S. Aloufi3, Zuhair M. Mohammedsaleh4, Mamdoh S. Moawadh4, Fayez M. Saleh5, Majid Al-Zahrani6, Waheeb Aggad7, Youssef S. Alghamdi8, Mutaib M. Mashraqi9, Saleh Alshamrani9 and Mona H. Soliman10,11*

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Samia S. Alkhalil¹, Faisal Al-Sarraj², Abeer S. Aloufi³, Zuhair M. Mohammedsaleh⁴, Mamdoh S. Moawadh⁴, Fayez M. Saleh⁵, Majid Al-Zahrani⁶, Waheeb Aggad⁷, Youssef S. Alghamdi⁸, Mutaib M. Mashraqi⁹, Saleh Alshamrani⁹ and

Mona H. Soliman^10,11*