Amjad Ali Channa1, Mansoor Tariq1*, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1, Nazeer Hussain Kalhoro2
...H5 (0.31%). However, the coinfections of H7/H9 (0.73%) was higher than H5/H9 (0.21%) and H5/H7/H9 (0.21%). In conclusion, the H5, H7, and H9 avian influenza viruses are circulating in broilers of Karachi, Pakistan; moreover, the prevalence of H9 virus and the H7/H9 coinfections are common than other subtypes of AIV.
Keywords | Avian influenza, Prevalence, Coinfections, Broilers, K...
Ahmad Shahzaib1*, Tabish Raza2 and Aisha Areej2
...es of COVID-19 alone and coinfections, particularly when it comes to CS. Current clinical use of immunosuppressive therapies, including cytokine blockade, JAK, and IL-6 inhibition in severely ill COVID-19 patients, is associated with increased secondary infections. Therefore, the current review aims to collect literature on the incidence of COVID-19 co-infections and immune-inflammatory responses to such infections. A better understanding of immune-inflammator...
