Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Rysanek
...nt through nematophagous fungus Lecanicillium muscarium with chemical nematicides, Vydate, Basamid (G) and fertilizer, Calcium cyanamide through soil application to control sugar beet cyst nematodes Heterodera schachtii. Lecanicillium muscarium decreased nematode population significantly (P=0.05 and caused reductions in final numbers of cysts per 250 g of soil, eggs and juveniles per cyst. Nematicides effects were not quite significant among each other but had...
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
... The root quality of the fungus-treated plants was significantly improved. All fungi conclusively proved to be effective against H. schachtii and need to be further investigated at the molecular level....
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...a, and the nematophagous fungus, Lecanicillium muscarium, on tomato. The nematode population densities were measured by determining the number of galls and egg masses, juveniles and eggs per root system, and reproduction factor. Four initial populations (Pi) (500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 eggs) mixed with antagonistic fungal conidia levels (1×103, 1×104, 1×105, 1×106) were used during the experiments. The roots were stained with Phloxine B,...
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...ial of the nematophagous fungus Lecanicillium muscarium and the chemical nematicides Vydate and Basamid (G) with the fertilizer calcium cyanamide in the control of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, through soil application under greenhouse conditions. A significant (P=0.05) reduction in the number of galls and egg masses, eggs and juveniles (J2), and the reproduction factor (Rf=Pf/Pi) was observed in the plants treated with L. muscarium compared to the co...
Sana Irshad Khan1*, Zafar Iqbal2, Hamid Ullah Shah2 and Shaukat Hussain3
... flavus was found active fungus against the selected vascular Wilt causing fungus and bacteria, i.e. Fusarium oxysporum (87.50 ± 0.11% inhibition), Xanthomonas campestris (67.00 ± 0.46% inhibition) and Clavibacter michiganensis (72.00 ± 1.02% inhibition). The A. flavus was grown on two different media, i.e. Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) and Glucose Nutrient Broth (GNB) media for active secondary metabolite...
Glomus mosseae (Gerd and Trappe) and Neemex Reduce Invasion and Development of Meloidogyne incognita
Atta ur Rehman Khan1,2*, Nazir Javed2, Shahbaz Talib Sahi2, Tariq Mukhtar1, Sajid Aleem Khan2 and Waqas Ashraf3
...potential of mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus mosseae) and neemex® (Azadirachtin) against invasion and development of Meloidogyne incognita was tested in eggplant roots in greenhouse pot trials. Neemex (5 g, 10 g and 15 g) and G. mosseae (100 g, 150 g and 200 g) were applied as protective treatment. The roots of eggplant were inoculated with 1000 second stage juveniles of M. incognita. Eggplants inoculated with nematodes only served a...
B. Ramanujam, R. D. Prasad, S. Sriram and R. Rangeswaran
Mass production, formulation, quality control and delivery of Trichoderma for plant disease management
... solid fermentation, the fungus is grown on various cereal grains, agricultural wastes and byproducts. The solid state production is highly labour intensive and fit for cottage industry. These products are used mainly for direct soil application in nurseries/main fields to suppress the soil-borne inoculum. In liquid state fermentation, Trichoderma is grown in inexpensive media like molasses and yeast medium in deep tanks on a commercial scale. Biomass from the...
1Parvin Noor and 2Md. Nashir Uddin
Morphological changes of different castes of the subterranean termites (Odontotermes proformosanus) in fungus combs of termitophiles
...nary phenomena of making fungus combs inside the termitophiles. Considering the consistency of fungus-bed in the termitophiles, an attempt has been made to observe the morphological changes of nymphs while they stayed within the fungus comb. Biological attributes indicated that Odontotermes proformosanus are polymorphic in nature and have exopterygote post-metamorphic development. During t...
A. K. Chaubey and Satyandra Kumar
Bio-management of root knot nematode and root rot disease by antagonistic fungi and rhizobacteria
...ogyne incognita and wilt fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici on tomato in laboratory and pot culture experiment. All the isolates were isolated by serial dilution and cultured in liquid protein supplemented broth medium and culture filtrates (CF) were prepared. In in-vitro test single eggmasses of uniform size were kept in 5ml CF in 5cm diameter Petri plates. Antifungal activity was tested by dual culture of wilt fungus
S. K. Dutta, S. Roy Chowdhuri, D. Pandit and A. K. Bajpai
Rot diseases of muga host, Som (Persea bombycina) in Assam, India
...lyporaceae), a white rot fungus, causes heart rot disease and Biscogniauxia mediterranea (= Hypoxylon mediterranea) (under Xylariaceae) causes canker rot disease of Som plant. A survey was conducted to study the infection of rotting pathogens on Som plants at Regional Muga Research Station (RMRS), Boko, Assam, India with during 2004-06. The disease incidence (DI %) caused by B. mediterranea was 12% while P. contigus showed 20% infection. Correlating the age of...
Temel Gokturk1, Elif Tozlu2,* and Recep Kotan2
...ria bassiana (ET 10) fungus isolate were examined for their insecticidal activities in this study. The studied bio agents were tested by spraying on R. simulans nymphs and adults. B. thuringiensis subsp. kenyae, B. brevis and B. sphaericus GC subgroup D were the most effective on nymphs, whereas B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstakii, P. chlororaphi, and B. brevis were the most effective on adults. ...
Ayesha Aihetasham*, Faiza Qayyum and Muhammad Xaaceph
... determine the effect of fungus isolates at six different exposure times on Coptotermes heimi (Wasmann), which is one of the major destructive termites of Pakistan. Fungal conidia were repellent to C. heimi. The workers of C. heimi were exposed to fungus for 60, 45, 30, 20, 15, 10 minutes and percentage mortality and consumptions were noted during eight days period. Results showed that workers of C. heimi responded effective...
Baharullah Khattak1*, Saifullah2, Shaukat Hussain2, Musharraf Ahmad2, Asad Ali2, Mohammad Junaid2, Ijaz Ahmad Khan3, Taj Ali Khan1 and Mubbashir Hussain1
...arzianum is a well-known fungus and is being used as bio control agent for the management of important plant pathogens including root knot nematodes (RKN). In the present studies, 15 isolates of Trichoderma harzianum were collected from different the root knot nematodes-infested tomato field of Malakand and Swat, Pakistan. These isolates were tested for their nematocidal effects against Meloidogyne javanica. Anti-J2 antagonistic test divided the isolates into ...
Zihong Chen1, Ling Xu2, Xiaona Yang2, Yaguan Zhang3* and Yuming Yang4
Amna Waseem, Sikander Ali* and Syeda Wajiha Khalid
...tagenesis of filamentous fungus culture used.
...
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...the experiment. Only the fungus species A. arthrobotryoides repelled the nematodes.
...
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...and the entomopathogenic fungus, Lecanicillium muscarium. The initial inoculum was measured before okra was seeded in the field. At harvest, the numbers of root galls, egg masses, and eggs per root system, the root weight, the final population of the second stage juveniles, and the reproduction rate were detected at the highest levels in untreated soil, whereas low numbers were encountered in soils initially treated with the
Dilara Abbas Bukhari1, Abdul Rehman2*
Isolation of bioactive compounds from exudate of edible fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus
...pounds from exudate of a fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus. Exudate as liquid droplets on the mycelium was checked for antimicrobial activity against bacterial strain, Bacillus subtilus. Biochemical techniques, thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, were employed to study fungal exudate. A total of fifteen different metabolites were detected in the sample by GC/MS. The detected metabolites could be...
Muhammad Asad Saleem1,*, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1, Mudssar Ali1, Muhammad Amin2, Muhammad Tayyab1,3 and Sumaira Maqsood4
...tion of entomopathogenic fungus (Bb) and Nitenpyram (Nit) were found more lethal to survival of RPW. A reduction in pupation and adult emergence was recorded in the combined treatments. Moreover, decrease in weight gain, frass production and cumulative gain in size was found when larvae were treated with integrated effect of Bb and Nit. Depending on the lethal of treatment, development duration of RPW was disturbed. Integration of Bb and Nit delays the develop...
Javed Asghar Tariq1*, Bashir Ahmed2, Manzoor Ali Abro2, Muhammad Ismail1, Muhammad Usman Asif1 and Raza Muhammad1
...ll were found to inhibit fungus showing inhibition zone 4.09 -74.97%. Hence, on the basis of these studies, it can be concluded that these bacteria can be used as a biocontrol agent to manage other fungal diseases of agricultural crops also. ...
Naheed Ikram and Nafisa Shoaib*
.../i>was the most dominant fungus as compared to other species of fungi but it represents the common mycoflora of this region.
...
Tahsin Razzaq*, Muhammad Fareed Khan and Shahid Iqbal Awan
...n of the Asia, caused by fungus Exerohillum turcicum. We evaluated resistant genotypes against NCLB under agro-climatic condition of Rawalakot and assessed the yield loss due to impact of NCLB. Maize plants were artificially inoculated at four to six leaf stages. Thirty genotypes were screened in first field trail in June 2016. Genotypes had significant differences for NCLB severity and reactions and were classified into resistant, susceptible and moder...
Fizza Anwar1, Muddassar Zafar1*, Zahid Anwar1, Raja Tahir Mehmood2
...oteus mirabilis. The fungus Aspergillus niger was found best among all tested strains as it produced maximum amount of antimicrobial agent Tautomycetin. The antimicrobial activities were determined through disk diffusion assays and Tautomycetin was observed as best antimicrobial agent having inhibitory effect on serine/threonine phosphatases leading to hindrance in bacterial growth. In addition, phylogenetic tree was also constructed using 18s rRNA ...
Awais Ahmed Khan1*, Zafar Iqbal1 and Muhammad Atiq2
Umer Iqbal1,* and Tariq Mukhtar2
...ficant inhibition of the fungus over control. Maximum individual inhibition of growth of the fungus was recorded with Benomyl (83.89%) followed by Carbendazim (79.11%) at a concentration of 150 ppm. Copper oxychloride at a concentration of 50 ppm gave the minimum inhibition (12.50%). Concentrations also had significant inhibitory effects on the growth of the fungus. All the fungicides caus...
Grigory Antonovich Nozdrin1*, Regina Gabdrahmanovna Utkina2, Anastasia Aleksandrovna Lelyak2 and Yana Viktorovna Novik1
...aration from a predatory fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora in birds. The experiments were performed on two-days-old goslings and ducklings which were divided into four experimental groups and a reference group. The fowls in experimental groups were supplemented with preparation once with dosages (2,000 µl/kg, 3,000 µl/kg, 4,000 µl/kg, and 5,000 ml/kg) while the fowl in the reference group were left untreated (they were given a placebo – di...
Saira Saleemi1*, Zafar Iqbal1, Abdul Nasir Khalid2
... The infection caused by fungus was confirmed by isolating the pathogenic fungus from affected skin, gills, fins, heart, liver, kidney and intestine of fish and culturing it on four different culture media; Malt extract agar (MEA), Corn meal agar (CMA), Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and Potato dextrose agar (PDA). The inoculated culture plates were incubated for 5-8 days at 28-32 oC. The fungal growth in the form ...
Hafiz Abdul Ghafoor1*, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Luqman2, Muhammad Arshad Javed2, Syed Wasim Hasan3 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1
...ith the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (@ 1x108 conidia mL-1). First experiment was conducted in March 2016 and 2nd was performed from November 2016 to March 2017 in a citrus (Citrus reticulata cv. kinnow mandarin) orchard. In first year field experiment, there was a significant impact of all treatments on the reduction of mealybug infestation (F9, 39 = 39.10, P < 0.001; HSD at α = 0.05) as compared to control plants. Results of 2nd experi...
Wajahat Azeem1,*, Tariq Mukhtar1 and Tooba Hamid2
...tomato. The antagonistic fungus and plant caused significant hatching inhibition and larval mortality of M. incognita. The hatching inhibition and mortality was the maximum at 100% concentrations of both the agents while the minimum inhibition and mortality was obtained at 25% concentration. No statistical difference was observed between T. harzianum and A. indica in causing hatching inhibition and larval mortality. Numbers of galls, egg m...
Saba Shabeer1, Riffat Tahira2 and Atif Jamal3*
... characteristics of this fungus is the ability to produce dangerous secondary toxic metabolites, which are commonly known as mycotoxins. Some of the important toxins produced by different species of Fusarium are fumonisins and trichothecenes.Fusarium species are present around the world and have a very wide host range including many economically important species of crops and plants. Most of the plant diseases are caused by F. s...
Rahma Mohamed, Sara Nader, Dalia Hamza and Maha A. Sabry*
...n the prevalence of this fungus in donkeys. The current research was conducted to investigate the possible role of the Egyptian donkeys in the epidemiology of such pathogen. Bacteriological analysis of nasal swabs of 52 diseased and healthy donkeys at different localities in Egypt revealed that the overall occurrence of Cryptococcus spp. was 11.5%. The highest proportion was in El-Fayoum Governorate (25). Phenotypic identification of Cryptococcus...
Maryam Yousaf1, Salman Ahmad1*, Romana Anjum2 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed3
...o wilt disease caused by fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). Two months old tomato seedlings were grown under normal conditions in green house and were artificially inoculated with FOL conidial suspension of 1×106 conidia/mL by drenching method. Untreated plants served as control. First disease symptoms appeared after seven days of inoculation and seedlings became wilted within 30 days post inoculation. Stems from wilted as well as contro...
Mohsen M. Elsharkawy1, Salem H. Homayed1, Mohamed M. Elsawy2 and Amr A. Khedr1
...div>the growth promoting fungus, Fusarium equiseti GF 19-1, as novel and safe management strategies
against the invasion of CMV in cucumber plants.
Methods: The fan was operated two times per day (8:00 am and 18:00 pm, each time for 30 min).
Moreover, cucumber plants were treated with cell free filtrate (CF) of GF 19-1 at 1 day before virus
inoculation.
Results: The wind velocity (2.6 m/s) resulted in...
Shimaa A. Khalaf1 , Mohsen M. Elsharkawy2, Samir A. Sidaros2, Shawky A. El Kewey2, Ayman F. Omar2, Ali Hamed1
...r the world. The sterile fungus GU23-3 is a rhizosphere fungus conferring positive effects on plant growth and health..
Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of GU23-3 on cucumber growth and resistance against PRSV..
Methods: Disease severity and virus titer were evaluated in cucumber plants treated with barley grain (BGI) or culture filtrate (CF) of GU23-3 under greenhouse condi...
Muhammad Madni Afzal1*, Shahbaz Talib Sahi1, Amer Habib1, Waqas Ashraf2, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan3, Muhammad Raheel2 and Qaiser Shakeel2
...a very common soil-borne fungus that causes basal rot onion and it has the ability to survive in the soil for many years without having a host. Many fungicides are available in the market to control the basal rot of onion which contain hazardous material that continuously destroys the environment and human health. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the fungicidal efficacy of desert plant extracts against basal rot of onion in the laboratory, gr...
Ramy S. Yehia1,3, Essam A. Shaalan2* and Hashem M. Al-Sheikh1
... to five doses from each fungus (101, 103, 105, 107 and 109 conidia/ml) in plastic cups for one min then transferred to a clean one. Both test and control cups were incubated for 7 days to determine LC50, 90 and EI50, 90. Joint action of these fungi with three botanical oils (celery, ginger and sesame) as well as influence of sublethal dose from both fungi on the larval development were also evaluated. B. bassiana was more potent than M. anisopliae in both lar...
Amir Abdullah Khan and Muhammad Irfan*
...lem in the world and the fungus mostly causes it. Citrus is susceptible to postharvest decay caused by fungus. The use of synthetic fungicides, which have negative effects on human health and the environment, reduces the widespread economic losses in citriculture caused by these pathogens. In the current study, 68 bacterial strains were isolated from citrus field soil and tested for antifungal activity using the streak plate...
A.H. Choshali1, S. Rezaee2, S. Jamali3, H. Reza3, Zamanizadeh4 and F. Rejali5
A. M. Khan1,†, S. Naz1 and M. Abid2
M. M. A. Youssef †and Wafaa M. A. El-Nagdi
...y bread yeast containing fungus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as a bio-agent for controlling root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on eggplant under screen house conditions. Three solutions of yeast and sucrose (as a bio-fermenter) at different yeast concentrations (1, 2 & 3% yeast) + a fixed concentration of 2% sucrose and three solutions of sucrose and yeast at different sucrose concentrations (2, 3 & 4% sucrose), a fixed concentration of 2%...
F. Shahina† and G. Mehreen
...79) were applied against fungus growing termite Microtermes
mycophagus (D.). The study were also influenced by mortality; days to death, infection cycle length and
reproductive potential. Highest mortality 100% was obtained on PAK.S.S.16 @ 75 IJs/cm2. The strains PAK.S.S.16
and PAK.P.S.9 showed shortest 1.21 and 1.2 days to death in termites, while the isolate PAK.P.S.9 showed the
shortest infection c...
Najam-ul-Sehar Afshan1*, Javeria Majeed1, Abdul Rehman Niazi1, Saima Khanum2, Maria Riaz1, Muhammad Fiaz2 and Shaila Anjum1
...5–2020. The causal fungus was observed and identified on the basis of morpho-anatomical and molecular analyses. This is the first report of powdery mildew infection caused by Erysiphe necator var. necator from Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces of Pakistan....
Aqleem Abbas1, Mustansar Mubeen2, Yasir Iftikhar2, Qaiser Shakeel3*, Hafiz M. Imran Arshad4, Maria del Carmen Zuñiga Romano5 and Sarfaraz Hussain6
... RSB is the necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. Finding appropriate management strategies to combat the disease to minimize rice yield losses and reduce global food security threats is challenging. However, scientists are still figuring out the best way to safeguard rice crops from RSB. Recently various pathogenesis-related (PR) viz. PR-3, PR-5, PR-9, PR-10, PR-12, and PR-13 and WRKY genes have been discovered in rice crops which are engaged in plant defen...
Sumbal Nazir1*, Farkhanda Manzoor2, Ishrat Perveen3, Anum Rana2, Irum Naureen1, Abad Ali Nadeem3 and Hafiza Najma Naeem2
... shown the occurrence of fungus and/or pathogen infestation which was caused by microsporidium Nosema apis with 277bp. It has been observed that the honeybee colonies were badly affected due to Nosemosis disease which was caused by microsporidian fungus Nosema apis. This microsporidian fungus causes dysentery in the honeybees, may impede the survival rate of bees, and thus may further caus...
Imran Nadeem1, Qurban Ali1, Muhammad Kamil Malik1*, Asad Aslam1, Imran Tariq2, Muhammad Bilal Bin Iqbal1, Muhammad Faheem Akhtar1, Sikander Ali3, Muhammad Jawad Saleem1, Muhammad Zubair3 and Aqsa Abbas1
...es, one entomopathogenic fungus, “Beauveria bassiana, and one noval insecticide, e.g., Radiant 120 SC (Spintoram), were evaluated to check the percentage infestation reduction of Pectinophora gossypiella under field conditions under the RCBD design. The results showed that the effectiveness of the traps was excellent in the early days but declined as time went on. The results showed that Pb rope traps had maximum control over the pink boll worm populatio...
Bdour Muhammed Al-Shweily1*, Jawad Bulbul Al-Zaidawi2, Muhammed Jubair Hanawi1
Sidra Hafeez1, Tayyaba Sanaullah2, Hafsa Naeem3, Mah Noor Hassan4, Muttalib5, Farhana Kausar6, Muhammad Salman Hameed7*, Muhammad Anayat Ullah8, Abdul Samad9, Memoona Bashir10 and Sadaf Shabbir11
...ase in pumpkin caused by fungus (Didymella bryoniae) and damaged fruit with the symptoms of dark brown lesions but causal organism identification through DNA is still unknown. We collected infected leaf from C. pepp from the vicinity of The University of Agriculture, Faisalabad and isolated D. bryoniae on the respective media. Then morphologically identification was observed through fungal growth pattern, growth color, spores shape, spores color, hyphal septat...
Annum Razzaq1*, Zia Ullah2, Arooj Naseer1 and Abdul Nasir Khalid1
...njab, Pakistan, a unique fungus Asterophora lycoperdoides found growing on a decaying Russula species. Previously, no species of Asterophora has been described so far from Pakistan. Descriptions and illustrations are made using morpho-anatomical details. Moreover, molecular techniques have been used to amplify its ITS region of nrDNA and sequenced for phylogenetic analyses. This genus is a new record for Pakistan.
...
Turrini Yudiarti*, Sugiharto Sugiharto, Endang Widiastuti, Hanny Indrat Wahyuni, Tri Agus Sartono, Maulana Hamonangan Nasution
... Monascus purpureus is a fungus that has a potential and is commonly used in medicine. They produce many secondary metabolites that has been shown improve the nutritional quality, antibacterial properties and antioxidant activity.The obyective of this study was to see how adding the fermented product of the fungus Monascus purpureus as a feed additive affected to physiological parameters, intestine microbial population, and ...
S.Y.M. Mahmoud1 and M. Hashem2
...by a soilborne parasitic fungus, Polymyxa betae Keskin as a vector and by seed coating with viruliferous cystosori. the thick-walled resting spores of P. betae. as well as by root vortexing in virus inoculum containing carborundum. The virus is not adsorbed to the exterior of the fungal vector but is internalized. Our results indicated that BNYVV is a widespread in sugar beet in Kafr EI-Sheikh Governorate. thus, precaution methods must be taken for reducing vi...
MAHRUKH SHAHID1, KHAJISTA JABEEN1* & SUMERA IQBAL1
...nt in retarding the test fungus growth upto 15%. Partitioning of biochar methanolic extract was done using some organic solvents such as n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol in increasing the polarity order. These secluded fractions were further tested to evaluate their in vitro antifungal activity along with a reference fungicide (Mancozeb). Data obtained after 7 days of incubation depicts that maximum antifungal activity was observed in fungicid...
Arshad Javaid, Amna Ali, Iqra Haider Khan and Amna Shoaib
...egative control (without fungus or C. album). Likewise, chlorophyll and
carotenoid contents were also reduced by application of S. rolfsii. Application of different
concentrations of dry biomass of C. album (DBC) significantly improved shoot and root dry
biomass, grain yield, and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of chickpea over S. rolfsii
inoculated treatment (positive control). The positive effects of DBC on...
Iqra Haider Khan1, *Arshad Javaid1 and Nadeem Shad1
...ersicolor.
... 
