Ecevit Eyduran1, Daniel Zaborski2*, Abdul Waheed3, Senol Celik4, Koksal Karadas5 and Wilhelm Grzesiak2
...1) and two (MLP2) hidden layers in body weight (BW) prediction from selected body measurements in the indigenous Beetal goat of Pakistan. Moreover, the results obtained with the data mining algorithms were compared with multiple linear regression (MR). A total of 205 BW records including one categorical (sex) and six continuous (head girth above eyes, neck length, diagonal body length, belly sprung, shank circumference and rump height) predictors were utilized...
Hira Akhter1, Bilal Aslam2*, Naveed Shahzad3, Tanzeela Farooq4, Muhammad Umer5 and Muhammad Hidayat Rasool2
... asymptomatic commercial layers from Faisalabad district of Punjab, Pakistan. Overall 120 blood samples, 24 tissue samples from each organ (trachea, lung and intestine) were collected from the 12 commercial layer flocks selected randomly at the age of 35-50 weeks without any direct clinical manifestation of avian influenza. Serum collected from 120 birds was tested for antibodies against H9N2 by using Haemagglutination Inhibition assay. Calculated geometric me...
Salman Khalid1,*, Abdul Rehman2, Mohammad Yasin Amir1, Abdul Rehman1, Imran Sarfaraz1 and Muhammad Asif1
YaQiu Liu and ZhiJian Wang*
...ood is composed of three layers: the thin layer of the extended cytoplasm of respiratory epithelial cells (1.47±0.23 μm), the thin sheet of cytoplasm of endothelial cells (0.21±0.03 μm) and the basement membrance (0.27±0.05 μm) between them is similar to that of the respiratory organs in other vertebrates.Intestinal tract has digestion and respiration functions. Anterior intestine performs digestion/absorption...
Carolina Torres Alejo1,2, Laila Andreia Rodrigues Beserra1,2, Paulo Eduardo Brandão1,2, Luis Ramiro Luna Espinoza1,2 and Fabio Gregori1,2*
...of intestinal content of layers, broilers, and breeders were investigated from different Brazilian regions for the presence of rotavirus (RVA, RVD, and RVF), avian coronavirus (ACoV), and avian astrovirus (AAstV), using PCR reactions followed by nucleotide sequencing and analysis. Twenty-nine pools (29/59; 49%) appeared positive for AAstV, 6 pools (6/59; 10%) were positive for RVD, forty-three pools (43/59; 72.8%) were positive for ACoV, and twenty-four pools ...
LX Ye1,2, JX Wang1,2,*, P Li1,2 and XT Zhang1,2
...vided into three annular layers, and the parenchyma consisted of tubular compartments and interstitial tissue. The tubular compartments were comprised of the seminiferous tubules, straight seminiferous tubules and rete testis, without any distinct boundary tissue between them. The interstitial tissue between the tubules contained many Leydig cells, tiny veins and connective tissue. Ghrelin-ip cells in the African ostrich testes were localized only in the paren...
Yakut Gevrekçi* and Çiğdem Takma
...al of 1912 EP records of layers which hatched at four different periods were collected from a commercial flock in west of Turkey. The analysis performed with cathegorical (cage and line) and continuous (hatch, age at sexual maturity and body weight of sexual maturity) predictors and a continuous response variable (EP). The Spearman’s rho correlation coefficients among all predictor variables were significantly changed from 0.88 to -0.65. Age of sexual ma...
Sajida Taj*, Muhammad Tariq Iqbal Khan**, Mazher Abbas and Arshed Bashir***
PRICE SPREAD AND MARKETING MARGINS OF CUT ROSE IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
... first channel the main players were producers, wholesalers-cum-commission agents, retailers and consumers. In the second channel producers were directly linked with retailers. In Channel-I the highest consumer's price of Rs. 444.78 per 100 pieces of cut roses indicated that consumers have to pay more there. The price spread was greater in Channel-I which was Rs. 243.36 per 100 pieces of cut roses. In Channel-II where producers were directly linked with retail...
Farrukh Saleem*, Babar Hilal Ahmad*, Saleem Zahid* and Bilal Kabeer*
COMPARATIVE PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF INDIGENOUS NAKED NECK AND NAKED NECK CROSSBRED LAYER CHICKENS
...ked Neck Crossbred (NNC) layers exhibited relatively less body weight (1461g) at 40 weeks of age, better egg -1 -1 production (66.36 %) and feed efficiency (761.32 g feed bird week ) and produced heavier eggs (average weight 60.89g) than those produced by Naked Neck (NN). However, the difference in the feed intake values was found to be non 0.05). The Naked Neck layers produced thicker shelled eggs (0.390mm) an...
Nasir Abbas1, Muhammad Suleman1, Nazir Ahmad Khan2,*, Ijaz Ali3, Mubashir Rauf1,5 and Sadeeq ur Rahman4,*
... to breeders (33.5%) and layers (29.5%), respectively. Overall, of the cultured samples, 71.19% (215/302) were confirmed as M. gallisepticum by specie specific PCR. Furthermore, 82.43% of the confirmed isolates were recovered from Haripur, 82.35% recovered from Abbotabad and 60.53% were recovered from Mansehra. Finally, no significant difference (P<0.05) in PCR based positivity was found among all three types of bird population. Altogether, the obser...
Mingming Ning1,2, Yanjie Zheng1, Yuanyuan Dun1, Weijun Guan2 and Xiuxia Li1,*
...differentiate into three layers. Methods and results include that more CAFSCs are gained via thermoelectric method with lower cost. Groping and optimizing culture system abiding by the idea of simulating the chicken body environment, involving adding proportion of chicken serum and some growth factors. CAFSCs can be transferred to 34 passages nowadays. Surface marker Oct4, CD105, nanog, CD73 and SSEA-4 on CAFSCs are detected positive with immunofluorescence hi...
Tianlong Cai1, Falk Huettmann2, Kisup Lee3 and Yumin Guo1,*
...13) and 14 environmental layers as predictors. Results show that the Songnen Plain and Korea Peninsula are the most important stopover habitats. Four other major areas are also suitable for stopover: (i) the coastal area of the Bohai Sea, (ii) the Three Rivers Plain-Amur River Basin, (iii) the Torey Lake Basin and the (iv) Zeya River-Heilongjiang River. The gap analysis revealed that existing nature reserves conserve merely 16.7% of the suitable habitat and 26...
Fazal Wahab1, Naila Chand1, Rifat Ullah Khan1, Nazir Ahmad1, Urooba Parvez2, Zia ur Rehman3 and Shabana Naz4,*
...f Rhode Island Red spent layers. A total of 60 spent Rhode Island Red layers were assigned to 4 treatments; FS-0, FS-0.5, FS-0.75, and FS-1 with 3 replicates, each with 5 birds. Birds were kept in cages for 28 days in open sided house. FS-0 was kept as control while treatments FS-0.5, FS-0.75 and FS-1 were provided with fenugreek seed powder in the ration at the rate of 0.5, 0.75 and 1%, respectively. Egg production and feed...
Mohsen M. El-Sherbiny1,2,*, Reny P. Devassy1, Erinn M. Muller3, Abdulmohsin A. Al-Sofyani1 and Ali M. Al-Aidaroos1
...e increase in the deeper layers of almost all the stations and towards the south. Chlorophyll a was low throughout (0.05-0.27 mg m-3) though a small peak was observed at a depth of 70m. Diatoms dominated the phytoplankton community in terms of both density and diversity followed by dinoflagellates. A total of 138 phytoplankton species (80 diatoms and 57 dinoflagellates) contributed to the phytoplankton diversity during the study. Zooplankton ...
Shujjah Haider1,*, Ayesha Maqbool1, Tariq Pervez1, Saima Parveen1, Arfan Ahmad2, Zahid Iqbal3, Javed Iqbal3, Shahid Mehmood3, Amanullah Khan4 and Sajid Umar5
...of MG in 24-31 weeks old layers (44.17%) as compared to 55-63 weeks old layer flock (14.49%). The study of seasonal effect revealed highest MG prevalence in December (44%) while lowest in October (20%). Furthermore, higher prevalence was recorded in layer flocks with large number (4000-5000) as 33.33% than flocks with small number of birds (1000-2000) as 24.28%. In addition, it was also found that iELISA test is more sensitive and specific for detection of MG ...
Zekeriya Demir1 and Hatice Kaya2*
...s. A total of 96 Lohmann layers, 28 weeks of age, were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments and fed a control diet (Pol-0), basal diet plus 0.5% (Pol-1), 1.0% (Pol-2) and 1.5% (Pol-3) bee pollen. The present study lasted for twelve weeks. During the experimental period, the hens were fed ad-libitum and water was available all the times. The hen house was lit for 17 h. The layers fed with diets including BP sh...
Awais Bin Shahid1, Moolchand Malhi1,*, Saeed Ahmed Soomro1, Muhammad Giasuddin Shah2, Nazeer Hussain Kalhoro3, Asmatullah Kaka4, Rajoo Mal1, Muhammad Awais Soomro1, Saba Parveen Samo1 and Muhammad Nawaz Sanjrani5
....05) number of cell layers in stratum germinativum in SY group compared to C. The glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity increased (P < 0.05) in ruminal epithelium of SY goats compared to C. The present study demonstrated an improvement in ruminal fermentation, and hyperplasia and enhanced GSH-Px activity in the ruminial epithelium of goats fed SY supplemented diet compared to control that were f...
Muhammad Sohail Memon1*, Khadim Ullah1, Altaf Ali Siyal1,2, Naimatullah Leghari1, Ahmed Ali Tagar1, Khalil Ahmed Ibupoto1, Syed Tahir Ata-ul-karim3, Muhammad Tahir4 and Noreena Memon1
...upward to the top (upper layers) and concentrated at the center of the ridge for treatments T2 and T3 but leached down from the furrow bottom. Whereas, the simulations carried out by HYDRUS-2D model showed that with increasing size of raised bed, the center of the raised bed did not get the required quantity of water, hence remained unsaturated. Moreover, the highest crop yield and water productivity were recorded 8,748 kg/ha and 3.74 kg/cm3 respectively under...
Ramazan İlgün1*, Nilgün Kuru2, Ferhan Bölükbaş3 and Fatih Mehmet Gür4
...a propria and submucosal layers were distinguishable underneath the epitelium. SEM observations of surface of the radix linguae revealed conical papillae and tongue caudally directed lingual papillae. Thus, in this study, the anatomy and histology of the tongue of the guinea fowl tongue were examined in detail using light and scanning electron microscopy, and the similarities and differences between the tongue of the guinea fowl and the tongue of other poultry...
Abdüssamet Aydın1 and Ş. Canan Bölükbaşı2*
.... Sixty Lohman LSL white layers, 40 weeks of age, kept in individual cages were assigned randomly to five treatment groups, each group included 12 hens. The hens received one of five diets with 0, 32.5, 65 or 130 mg/kg pennyroyal extract and 50 mg/kg BHA, respectively. Experiment lasted for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, the supplementation of pennyroyal extract did not affect feed intake, rates of albumen, yolk and shell of egg, shell tickness, spesif...
Mustafa Boğa1, Kerim Kürşat Çevik2* and Aykut Burgut3
Bibi Safia Haq1,2, Hidayat Ullah Khan3, Abdul Shakoor4, Shahnaz Attaullah5, Ishrat Rahim1
PROJECTION ETCHING OF KERATIN THIN FILMS FOR FABRICATION OF SKIN STRUCTURE USING ARF EXCIMER LASER
...h of the ablated keratin layers with
different pulses were also measured by scanning the sample using a Dektak KLA-Tencor and the surface statistics of
the ablated keratin sample have been analysed using a white light interferometer WYKO NT1100. ...
different pulses were also measured by scanning the sample using a Dektak KLA-Tencor and the surface statistics of
the ablated keratin sample have been analysed using a white light interferometer WYKO NT1100. ...
Kulsoom Iftikhar1, Shahzad Anwar1, Izhar Ul Haq1, Muhammad Tahir Khan1 and Sayed Riaz Akbar1
AN OPTIMAL NEURAL NETWORK BASED CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUE FOR BREAST CANCER DETECTION
... input nodes, two hidden layers with eight neurons each
and one output node. Five features (cluster thickness, uniformity of {cell size, cell shape}, marginal attachment and
radius of circle enclosing the abnormality) are nominated as input features to the ANN to predict the benign or
malignant breast carcinoma. The network is trained, tested and validated on data bases that comprises of a set of
previously extracted features provid...
and one output node. Five features (cluster thickness, uniformity of {cell size, cell shape}, marginal attachment and
radius of circle enclosing the abnormality) are nominated as input features to the ANN to predict the benign or
malignant breast carcinoma. The network is trained, tested and validated on data bases that comprises of a set of
previously extracted features provid...
Kamran Ghasemi1*, Mostafa Emadi2, Asghar Bagheri3 and Mehdi Mohammadi1
Casing Material and Thickness Effects on the Yield and Nutrient Concentration of Agaricus bisporus
...shroom. Four casing layers comprising commercial casing soil (CCS), spent compost (SC), coco peat (CP) and vermicompost in three thicknesses (2, 4 and 6 cm) were evaluated in this study for production of Agaricus bisporus. The CCS treatment had the most mushroom yield (27.03 Kg m-2) whereas CP casing layer showed the minimum yield (4.43 Kg m-2). The same results were obtained in total yield of compost and biological efficiency. The CCS trea...
Muhammad Faisal Ayoob1,2, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1, Asghar Ali Kamboh3, Mansoor Ayoob4, Waseem Ali Vistro3 and Abdul Sattar Baloch3*
...ong various histological layers. In spleen, there was enormous infiltration with mononuclear lymphocytes, especially in the area of red pulp. Haemagglutination inhibition titer of all experimental groups was found higher on day 21 as compared to day 0 and 7. Taken together, experimental data showed the susceptibility of Japanese quails and mynas to experimental intramuscular and oral inoculation with VVND virus. Moreover, clinical VVND does not occur in Japane...
Ryan Septa Kurnia1* and Radiana Dhewayani Antarianto2
...on epithelium and mucous layers, various microbiome that contribute to the interaction between the host and microbes against infection on the mucus layer in top of the respiratory epithelium, and technology that can be developed in tissue engineering techniques for reconstruction to mimic the microenvironment in respiratory tissue engineering.
... 
A. B. Badr1 ; M. A. S. El-kady2; and Kh. E. A. Saker2
...pper and lower epidermis layers were reduced. Also the
thickness of midrib zone was slightly reduced. Moreover, vascular tissues lost their
normal shape and arrangement as xylem arms. The most interesting finding, lengths
of both , protoxylem and metaxylem were reduced while their widths were increased.
Ultrathin sections of symptomatic leaf tissue showed several cytological changes
characteristic of ...
Badr, A. B. 1, Abou-zeid, A. A2. and Al-Naggar, A. M1.
...bers i.e. thickness cork layers was slightly increased, however, its number was sharp reduced compared with healthy tubers. Biochemical changes of potato tubers i.e. number of starch granules and total carbohydrate contents were non-significantly reduced as comparing to the healthy ones. As well as morphological characters i.e. size and tuber weight per plant were significantly reduced, however, its number was significantly increased as comparing to the health...
Abdou Nagy1, Fatma Abdallah1, Kareem Sweed2, Ahmed Salama3, Mohamed Omar4
...
(23 broilers and 17 layers) and 8 duck (6 Pekin and 2 Muscovy) flocks and then, tested with
commercial indirect aMPV ELISA.
Results: Five out of 23 broiler, 6 out of 17 layer, 1 out of 6 Pekin duck and 1 out of 2 Muscovy duck
flocks showed positive results. On the other hand, the results showed significant difference in the net
profits as a measure of economic impact between infected and non-infected flocks ...
Mohamed M. Mashaly1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2, Momtaz A. Shahein1, Hussein A. Hussein2
... destruction in cell monolayers was observed within 72hr to 96hr post-infection. With an
optimal condition for both cultures, the LSDV titers were 5.2 in MDBK after 48hr and 5.67 in Vero
after 72hr. This rise in virus titer was followed by a sharp decrease after 48hr P.I. on MDBK unlike
Vero cells that continue its rise in virus titer until reaching its peak at 72hr P.I.
Conclusion: Comparison of growth kinetic o...
Zunaira Noreen* and Khawar Sultan
...es. Foraging of birds in layers with aggressive species feeding first and development of new learning mechanisms pointed to the change in bird behavior at the landfill. This work highlights the need for a new research field ‘Landfill Ecology’ to study the impact of landfill on biota including avian, in a time when biodiversity loss is the hottest global issue.
...
Mengke Wang1, Shucheng Huang2, Cai Zhang1*, Haizhou Gong1,
Shunan Cuan1, Shuaishuai Wang1, Qi Shao1, Wenhao Xu1, Sudan Meng1,
Pengfei Li1, Yuqin Wang1 and Zijun Yang1
...MAG to drinking-water of layers can enhance the antioxidant capacity, improve lipid metabolism and has a protective on liver injury, while no dose dependence was found in this study.
...
Ghulam Abbas, Sultan Mahmood*, Ahsan ul Haq and Haq Nawaz
...ion performance of caged layers during summer was studied. One hundred sixty commercial layers (24 weeks old) were purchased from a poultry farm and were reared in a group for one week (adaptation period). At the start of 25th week of age, these layers were divided into 20 experimental units/replicates (8 layers/ replicate), which were further allotted t...
Hilarius Yosef Sikone1*, Budi Hartono2, Suyadi2, Bambang Ali Nugroho2
...e, Supply chain, Market players, Cattle ...
Taghreed Mohamed Nabil1, Randa Mohamed Hassan1, HebatAllah Hamdy Mahmoud2, Mohamed Gomaa Tawfiek2, Usama Kamal Moawad1*
...posed of four concentric layers; mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa but lacks lamina muscularis mucosa. The lamina propria submucosa contained immune competent cells and tubular glands in all portions of the oviduct except the infundibular funnel and vagina that devoid of any glands. The neutral mucopolysaccharides were predominant in supra-nuclear portions of the mucosal epithelium in all portions of the oviduct. In contrast, acid mucopolysaccharides w...
Ghulam Abbas1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Saeed2*; Safdar Imran3, Ashgar Ali Kamboh4, Duraid KA Al-Taey5, Muhammad Asad Aslam1, Muhammad Saeed Imran6, Muhammad Ashraf3, Muhammad Asif7, Abdul Jabbar Tanveer8, Razia Abdul Majid Qureshi9, Maria Arshad1, Hussain Ahmed Khan Niazi1, Muhammad Tariq10, Sikandar Abbas1
...hance the egg quality in layers. In broiler, use of OA is associated with improved weight of birds and feed conversion ratio. Dietary OA showed 1.85-8.48% increase in the FCR of chicken. Lactic acid fed 0.3 g/kg diet reduced Escherichia coli and Salmonella significantly in the cecum of broilers. Butyric acid fed 500 g/t feed significantly increased eggshell thickness, eggshell weight, and calcium concentrations in bones and reduced ammonia concentrations in th...
Abdul Majid1*, Farah Naz1, Nasrullah Laghari1, Sanaullah Abbasi1, Sham Lal2 and Safdar Ujjan3
...ng with lipid membrane bilayers. Such protein membrane interactions would facilitate the membrane perturbation. Here, we confirmed the supporting evidence that lysozyme could perturb the lipid bilayer and conforming the sheet structure. Overall, this research suggests that lysozyme could be a tool for designing the novel drug delivery vehicles along its already published potential application....
Rizwana Abdul Ghaffar* and Kamil Nadeem
...hemselves to the mucosal layers. This causes severe pathogenicity in the intestine as a result the pigeon shows signs and symptoms of illness. Pathological studies of tissues from infected intestine reveal several changes from the normal architectural organization of tissues. The most common findings were massive congestion, cellular infiltration, atrophy, hypertrophy and dystrophy of cells and disintegration of cellular layers<...
Husmaini1*, Sabrina1, Firda Arlina1, Linda Suhartati1, Yozella Martilova2
...ity. This study used 210 layers of medium-type laying hens, Strain Isa Brown, 38 weeks old. The method used was an experiment with a completely randomized design (CRD) with seven treatments and three replications. The observed variables were ration consumption, ration conversion, egg mass production, hen day production (HDP), egg weight, shell thickness, and egg cholesterol. The results showed that supplementation of probiotics Lactococcus plantarum and Pedioc...
Abdulaziz A. Alaqil1*, Mohammed I. Buhaya2
...emical parameters of the layers. It can be concluded that inclusion of LO into layer’s diets can be safely used to enhance egg production. Furthermore, LO inclusion might have a beneficial impact on reducing egg cholesterol content which can be considered as an adding value for consumer’s general health. The economic efficiency evaluation reviled that diet fortified by 6% LO is the most efficient diet in respect of the current Saudi Arabia market&r...
Lopamudra Samantaray*, Yashaswi Nayak
Talat Farid Ahmed1*, Muhammad Azeem Afzal1, Hashim Nisar Hashmi2, Hafiz Muhammad Yousuf2, Shamim-ul-Sibtain Shah1 and Muhammad Atiqullah Khan1
...and/ sand stone and thin layers of clay. GWL at Sanjwal Cantt sites was at 50 ft average depth having low to moderate yield of water and the formation had dominance of sand with alternate layers of clay against resistivity between 25-86 ohm-m. The study concluded that electrical resistivity survey (ERS) is a sound method for measuring GWL in sandy aquifers and boulder clayey formations when GWL is sufficiently deep....
Farid S. Nassar1,2, Abdulaziz M. Alsahlawi3, Ahmed O. Abbas1,2*, Abdulaziz A. Alaqil1, Nancy N. Kamel4, Abdelwahab M. Abdelwahab1,5
... employed 270 commercial layers, 40-wk-old, that belonged to the W-36 Hy-Line chickens. The layers were randomly designated into five equal treatment groups (9 replicates × 6 hens per replicate for each treatment) according to the dietary inclusion levels of BSFL meal. The first group of birds were fed a basal diet of soybean-corn meals and served as a control (0% BSFL meal), while the remaining 4 groups were fed a bas...
Abdulaziz A. Alaqil*
... age), two groups of the layers were given a basal diet as control, while the remaining two groups were given a basal diet enhanced with a 2 g/kg diet of LA bacteria. At 47 wk of age, layers in one of the control or LA groups received an intravenous injection for 7 consecutive days with 0.5 ml of sterile saline contained LPS at 8 mg per kg of layer body weight, whereas the layers in t...
Olabode, H.O.K1, Mailafia, S1, Martha Echioda-Ogbole1*, Ameh, J.A1, Amadi, K.I1 and Meseko C.A2
...6% for local and exotic (layers) chickens respectively, while broilers showed no detectable antibodies. Questionnaire responses indicated low awareness level on the zoonotic potential of AI but high level of awareness on the economic impact of the disease. In conclusion, this study provides preliminary information on the occurrence of Avian Influenza virus H5 and H5/H9 co-infection and circulation in chickens characterized by poor zoonotic awareness of the dis...
Mohamed I. El-Katcha1, Mosaad A. Soltan1, Seham M. El-Kassas2*, Mahmoud M. Arafa3, El-Sayed R. Kawarei 3, Karima M. El-Naggar1*
...chemical constituents of layers. Three hundred, 55 weeks old of Isa Brown hens were randomly allotted into 5 groups. First group received CuO at 8 mg/kg diet, while the second and third group supplemented with the organic form of Cu (copper polysaccharide complex) at 8 and 4 mg/kg diet, respectively. Fourth and fifth group received the Cu as nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) at the same levels of the organic form, respectively. Birds fed the experimental diets for 10 we...
MALIK ASIF HUSSAIN
...robials.
The layers of biofilm provide a protective cover around bacteria and
hinder penetration of these agents deep. Furthermore, this tolerance also
helps them to survive against immune system, as immune system cells
and other components cannot penetrate through layers of biofilm. This
review paper discusses important aspects of biofilm formation, clinical
...
Vijay Kumar1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1*, Nazar Ali Korejo1, Ambreen Leghari2, Faiz Muhammad Khand2, Riaz Ahmed Leghari1, Khaliq-ur-Rehman Bhutto3
...samples (55 broilers, 45 layers and 25 ducks) were collected in district Hyderabad. Isolation was done according to ISO 6579 standard method. Identification of isolated bacteria was done using the Salmonella specific biochemical tests. Antimicrobial resistance patterns were determined using the disk diffusion method. Salmonella were detected in 22, 19 and 10 samples, showing prevalence of 40.0, 42.22 and 40.0 percent in broiler, layer and ducks, respectively. ...
Mohammed A. Ali1*, Firas A. Alhasson1, Thaer A. Mohsin2
...hos was made up of three layers: (a) the External layer (fibrous ) (the sclera and cornea); (b) the Middle layer (Vascular) the choroid, ciliary body, and iris and (c) Internal layer (Nervous) the retina. A squamous corneal epithelium, the stroma, and the corneal endothelium were all well-defined layers of the cornea. Anas platyrhnchos’ lens was spherical and encased by a lens capsule, with a monolayer of epithelial ce...
Muhammad Ramzan1*, Unsar Naeem-Ullah2, Shafia Saba2, Madiha Mobeen Khan3, Naeem Arshad Maan3, Asad-ur-Rehman4, Mahreen Khalid5, Syed Waqar Hussain Shah6 and Wardah Muzaffar7
...male laid eggs in 2 to 6 layers. The diameter of egg was 0.60 to 0.70mm. There are five larval instars of T. varians. The head length of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th instars was 0.30±0.05, 0.35±0.07, 0.93±0.08, 1.67±0.40, 2.09±0.09mm, respectively, while width of 1st to 5th larval instar was 0.28±0.02, 0.38±0.05, 0.89±0.06, 1.56±0.30, 2.00±0.07mm, respectively. The average body length of firs...
Hussein, HA; sultan, HA. Al Deeb AH and AA. El-Sanousi
... breeders and commercial layers from the period Of December 2006 to February 2008 and tested for the immune response to the multiple vaccination with different H5Nl and H5N2 avian influenza vaccines (Reassortant H5N1 and 6 types of H5N2 vaccines) by hemaggtutination inhibition (HI) test using heterologous H5 antigen which represent non of the vaccine antigens. The samples were collected from 578 houses mostly commercial layers
Madbouly, H.M; Orkhan, M.H**; Nagwa El-khoty
...arm cases was 840 farms (layers 327, Broilers 164, Balady 1 17, Saso 86, parents 84, turkeys 32, ducks 29 and grand parents l) and those of rural birds was 129 (home birds 1 19, wild birds 5, abattoir 3, shops sales live birds l, migratory bird l) from February to June 2006. The clinical picture of the disease were observed in infected birds that reared in farms and those of backyards (most of domestic birds) , or sold in shops (sells broilers or parrots The n...
Makmun1, Imam Mujahidin Fahmid2, Muhammad Saleh S. Ali2*, Muhammad Yamin Saud2, Rahmadanih3
...farmers’ business players in Blitar Regency. The large-scale accessibility of production elements is another consideration. The actors operate their livestock company independently or in cooperation, and it has since evolved into a hereditary enterprise (inherited and sustained). The rise in feed prices and the fall in egg prices have significantly impacted small and medium-sized farms, driving many into bankruptcy. Farmers can also make do with fewer an...
Marwa R. El-Deken1, Raouf E. Rizk1, Mona R. Ahmed1, Fouad A. Tawfeek1, Hossam A. Shahba1, Wesam A. Fares1, Ayman M. Khalifah2*
Dilruba Akter Mir1, Md. Sahidul Islam¹*, Mosammat Mahamuda Khatun1, Sharmin Zaman1, Bidyut Matubber², Nazmin Sultana Runa3, Zannatul Ferdous3, Tithe Saha3, Md. Anwar Jahid4
...f 419 serum samples (227 layers and 192 broilers) were randomly collected from apparently healthy, sick and recovered birds. The haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test was used to analyze the chicken sera samples for determination of the titer of the antibodies against NDV. The test results showed that the overall seroprevalence was 13.84% (n = 58/419). Layer chickens (17.62%) were more prevalent for ND than broilers (9.38%). However, a chi-square (χ2) sta...
Dilruba Akter Mir1, Md. Sahidul Islam¹*, Mosammat Mahamuda Khatun1, Sharmin Zaman1, Bidyut Matubber², Nazmin Sultana Runa3, Zannatul Ferdous3, Tithe Saha3, Md. Anwar Jahid4
...f 419 serum samples (227 layers and 192 broilers) were randomly collected from apparently healthy, sick and recovered birds. The haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test was used to analyze the chicken sera samples for determination of the titer of the antibodies against NDV. The test results showed that the overall seroprevalence was 13.84% (n = 58/419). Layer chickens (17.62%) were more prevalent for ND than broilers (9.38%). However, a chi-square (χ2) sta...
Jinzhao Li1, Yawen Zhang2, Binghan Jia1, Yuqiong Zhao1, Huijuan Luo1, Xiaojie Ren1, Yuan Li3, Xiaoyan Bai1, Jing Ye3 and Junping Li1*
...he distal colonic muscle layers using opioid-induced constipation (OIC) rat model and to explore the mechanistic correlation between the tau phosphorylation and occurrence of OIC. The rat model of OIC was generated by intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of loperamide hydrochloride (Lop; 5mg/kg), and was evaluated by examining the fecal properties, intestinal propulsion mobility, immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot (WB) and ELISA for detecting levels of Tau, P...
