Neil Levy
...es, and AIs that rely on processing power alone, without the scaffolding of culture, are unlikely to outcompete us intellectually. There is, however, nothing to prevent AIs from having, and taking advantage of, a capacity for culture. AIs with such a capacity may have intellectual powers greater than ours currently are, but the collective deliberation that underlies the power of cumulative culture is more powerful when there is sufficient diversity among the d...
Neil Levy
...es, and AIs that rely on processing power alone, without the scaffolding of culture, are unlikely to outcompete us intellectually. There is, however, nothing to prevent AIs from having, and taking advantage of, a capacity for culture. AIs with such a capacity may have intellectual powers greater than ours currently are, but the collective deliberation that underlies the power of cumulative culture is more powerful when there is sufficient diversity among the d...
Abdur Rahim1, Ghulam Abbas1, Muhammad Naeem2, Sara Ferrando3, Lorenzo Gallus3, Noor Khan4, Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman4, Abdul Ghaffar5 and Abdul Mateen6
...this study, 18 fish meal processing units were surveyed in Sindh and Balochistan to investigate production status, chemical composition, and fish species being used for producing fish meal. The overall production of single processing unit ranged from 40 to 500 metric tonns per month. Kampa Industry (Unit 1) was found to be the first largest contributor producing 100 metric tons in 24 h. The second largest producers of fish m...
Eman Mahmoud El-Diasty1,Madeha Abd El-Halim Ibrahim2 and Ghada Kamal El Khalafawy2,*
...llected from two poultry processing plants represented broiler carcasses swabs and worker (hand swabs and nail scrapings). Phenotype-based methods for identifying yeast especially Candida species are often difficult, time-consuming and not enough to identify most yeast species. . Molecular biological techniques provide a useful alternative approach. Concerning with genotypic identification, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PC...
Idowu Fagbamila1*, Adaobi Okeke2, Micheal Dashen2, Patricia Lar2, Sati Ngulukun1, Benshak Audu1, David Ehizibolo1, Paul Ankeli1, Pam Luka1, Maryam Muhammad1
...align: justify;">Poultry processing activities require large amount of high quality water for processing, cleaning and cooling. Contamination of water at any point in the processing stage is likely to affect meat hygiene. Waste water generated during these activities typically has high presence of organic material such as blood, fat, flesh and excreta. In developing countries like Nigeria ...
Amitava Konar and N. Johnson Singh
Occurrence of aphids on various potato germplasms in eastern gangetic plains of West Bengal
... Jawhar along with three processing varieties like Kufri Chipsona-1, Kufri Chipsona-2 and Atlantic were screened against aphids. Potato seed tuber was planted by end of November following all standard agronomic practices except insecticide application. The aphid species viz. Myzus persicae (Sulzur) and Aphis gossypi Glover were recorded first during third week of December and crossed the threshold limit (20 aphids/100 compound leaves) during first to second we...
Dhananjoy Mandal 2K. Baral 3M. K. Dasgupta
Developing site-specific appropriate precision agriculture
...oduction, protection and processing, and other essential information provided through a decision support system (DSS), in an agriinformatics networking such that is not ordinarily available to Indian farmers in general. Due to Precision Farming (PF), production increased by 40 to 60 percent farmers’ margins of the produce and reduction of the commission charged by the middlemen to 7-10 percent. Further, bargaining power, capacity building, optimal crop p...
Rahat Naseer1*, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Zulfiqar-ul-Hassan2, H. Rehman1, Saima Naveed1, F. Masood1 and M. Tayyab1
... husk as a substrate for processing with the objective to produce a nutritionally enriched bulk feed ingredient and to explore its potential as wheat bran replacer in total mixed rations for the ruminants. For this purpose rice husk was subjected to different processing techniques using acid, alkali, water treatment and fermentation to prepare processed moiety on pilot scale. All these processed materials were included in ex...
Raza Ullah1*, Qaisar Shah Safi2, Ghaffar Ali3 and Irfan Ullah3
..., packaging, storage and processing. There are various middlemen (market intermediaries) involved at different stages in the marketing of citrus. This study is an attempt to examine the marketing margins of the intermediaries involve in the value chain of sweet oranges of citrus group. Three villages in Bunir district are randomly selected and a total of 120 sampled respondents are selected using proportional allocation method. The findings revealed that major...
Rana Muhammad Aadil1,2*, Xin-An Zeng1, Saqib Jabbar3, Akmal Nazir2, Abid Aslam Mann2, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal Khan2, Abdullah2, Amna Ramzan2
...hermal and high pressure processing (HPP) techniques on some quality parameters of grapefruit juice were investigated based on pH, acidity, ºBrix, viscosity, cloud value, hunter color values, bioactive compounds, microorganisms and enzyme analysis. The grapefruit juice was treated with processing variables of HPP treatment (0, 150, 200 and 250 MPa), temperature (40, 50 and 60 oC), for
Jiandong Wu, Miao Ye and Zaigui Wang*
...up>-1, pH was 3.7, processing volume was 4 BV; flow rate was 2 BV·h-1; temperature was 25°C. For desorption, elution solvent ethanol-water (95%, v/v) solution was 4.5 BV; flow rate was 2.0 BV·h-1. Flavonoids with content of 68.3% were obtained with a flavonoid recovery of 93.7%. The results showed that AB-8 resin revealed a good ability to purify total flavonoids. Lastly, feeding experiments results indicated that ...
Ozgur Altan*
...cts (FBP) emerging after processing the trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), sea bream (Sparus aurata) and European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) produced by aquaculture into a raw material that can be used in fish feed ingredient by means of a system called flash dryer has been researched. Before being subjected to drying and grinding in the flash dryer system, the FBP have been passed through the press and decanter, and it has been endeavored ...
Saeeda Raza, Muhammad Naeem Safdar, Amer Mumtaz, Nouman Siddiqui, Khalid Nasim and Muhammad Amjad*
...uts and seeds. Different processing methods cleaning, washing, germination of pulses, peeling, cutting and blanching of vegetables, drying, roasting, grinding and mixing of ingredients were used. Recipe “A” containing rice, mung, potato and poppy seed was organoleptically preferred. No significant change in moisture content, peroxide value and free fatty acid were observed during three months storage in double polyethylene bags at ambient temperatu...
Munir Ahmad*, Asif Ali Mirani**, Hafiz Sultan Mahmood**, Tanveer Ahmad** and Muhammad Azhar Saeed**
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF CROSS-FLOW RICE DRYERS
...f postharvest drying and processing technologies. About 70% of the rice produced in the country is dried through sun heat. which is one of the major causes of reducing head rice recovery during the milling operation. Recently, cross-flow rice dryers have been adopted in the rice milling industry of the country. The heat source of these cross-flow dryers can be a gas or rice husk. This study focussed on the performance evaluation of cross-flow rice dryers with ...
Muhammad Sharif*, Muhammad Azam Niazi* and Abdul Jabbar**
SEAFOOD EXPORTS: CHALLENGES AND WAY FORWARD
... enhancement of the fish processing for export, provision of adequate facilities at fish markets and formulation of sustainable fishing policies are ways forward for the sustainable development of seafood resources development in the country....
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2 and Zafarullah Baloch3
...e farmers for producing, processing and marketing of dates in Panjgur-Balochistan, Pakistan. Snowball sampling technique was used to select 90 respondents. The data revealed that average age of the farmers was 53.9 years with education from secondary to graduate level. The results of the study showed that many of the farmers on average have 10 acres of land under date palm cultivation with more than 57 date palm trees per acre on average. It is also observed t...
Sherin Reda Rouby
...ut the necessity of post processing steps.
... 
Shumaila Irum1, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal*2 and Fatima Naumeri3
...facilitates the learning processing. The most commonly used tool, to measure it, is Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM).
Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the perceptions of medical students in pre-clinical years about educational environment in a public sector medical college of Pakistan and to compare the DREEM scores with previous published scores.
Material and Methods: The DREEM questionna...
Muhammad Babar Khawar, Nadeem Sheikh*
Effect of paper industry leachate on various serological indices and serum proteins of wistar rats
...te) resulting from paper processing has become a serious issue now a day. So, current research was aimed to assess various toxic aspects of pulp and paper industry waste water. Study design involved the division of Wistar ratsof about 245±5g in three groups (n=5) viz, Control group (4ml/ kg normal saline), Group 1 (4ml/ kg leachate) and Group 2 (4ml/ kg 1:10 diluted leachate). All the animals received the treatment through intraperitoneal injection. Aft...
Faheem Ali1*, Muhammad Naeem Arbab1, Abdul Basit2, Muhammad Kashif Khan1, Gulzar Ahmad1 and Muhammad Amir1
...ving machinery and other processing units are generally inductive in nature. The power required by agricultural industry is broadly categorized into shaft power and process heat power, and could be used for planting, cultivating, pumping, harvesting, drying, cooking, baking, woodworking, forging and smelting etc. This results in lagging Volt-Ampere-Reactive (VARs), which must be balanced by the same number of leading VARs in order to ensure unity power factor,...
Shagufta Nighat1, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1,*, Syed Israr Shah1, Amber Khalid1, Tariq Mahmood2, Ayesha Aihetasham3 and Muhammad Asif4
...ike, combustion of fuel, processing of metals, coal mining, automobile, lead-acid batteries, and building material.Toxic metals are bio-accumulated by insectivorous bats due to their foraging habits and high trophic level. There is a growing interest on the conservation of bats throughout the world as they play an important role in controlling insect population. We measured cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) concentrations in bat tissues through...
Liaqat Ali Shahid1*, Nadeem Amjad2 and Muhammad Abdul Hanan Siddhu3
...Dera Ghazi Khan Area for processing of Eucalyptus tree top-trimmed mixed waste material with leaves. The average machine throughput capacity was found to be 503 kg.h-1 with an average machine efficiency of 89 percent. Total average fuel consumption and labour requirement (un-skilled + skilled) were found to be 3.5 litres and 3.53 man-hour, respectively. The machine was also tested with clean Eucalyptus stems without leaves and small branches. The average throu...
Shahid Yousaf1*, Salman Khurshid1, Saqib Arif1, Hafiza Mehwish Iqbal1, Qurrat ul Ain Akbar1, Najmus Sahar1 and Ghulam Rasul2
...ics play a vital role in processing and trade. Many techniques have been introduced to evaluate wheat quality. Near Infrared (NIR) is one of the suitable techniques that have an advantage of rapid response over other techniques. But investigations are needed to check its reliability on determining important quality parameters. The study therefore has been designed to evaluate the efficiency of NIR in comparison with standard techniques. Thirty samples of wheat...
Doğukan Ölmez1 and Gonca Alak2,*
...y.
...
Zahra Nazir1, Saba Ijaz1, Roquyya Gul2 and Mahjabeen Saleem1,*
...ical properties of juice processing industry, degumming of fibre plants and maximum oil recovery. These enzymes break down complex polysaccharide polymers of plant tissues into simpler monomer like D-galacturonic acids. In this study, polygalacturonase from grape skin was purified by salting out with ammonium sulfate, gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 column and ion exchange on Q-Sepharose column chromatography. Polygalacturonase was recognised as a protein with...
Muhammad Nasrullah1*, Liu Chang1, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai2, Asaad Osman Khalid1, Rachel Bayisenge1 and Gulnaz Hameed3
...g cost was 61,476.68 and processing cost was 95,535 rupees per hectare. The highest cost incurred was 61,750 rupees for land followed by Fuel wood which was 39,957 rupees per hectare. Total product of tobacco was calculated as 44 mounds per hectare. The total revenue was Rs. 405,636 per hectare while total cost incurred was 242,889.68 having a profit of Rs. 162,746.32 per hectare. The data were checked through VIF found free of multicollenearity problem. The a...
Waqar Akhtar1*, Munir Ahmad2, Nadeem Akmal1, Hassnain Shah1 and Asif Ali Mirani2
...udy area. Lack of modern processing and value addition technologies there is overwhelming dependence on traditional sun drying methods for processing of dates remained main source of low resource use efficiency of the system. Policy interventions needed to enhance the resource use efficiency in the production and processing of dates in study area through investment in research and developm...
Zakirullah1, Hamayun Khan1, Ali Gohar2, Haq Amanullah1,*, Muhammad Younas1, Muhammad Tarique Tunio3, Muhammad Saleem Khan4, Ibrar Muhammad Khan1 and Noushad Khan5
...cs were used for further processing. The semen was split into four aliquots in which tris-citric acid extender (TCA) was supplemented with various concentrations of L-cysteine 0 mM, 0.5 mM, 1.0 mM and 1.5 mM. Cooling and equilibration of the diluted semen was done at 4°C for 4 h subsequently filled in straws at the same temperature and were cooled in liquid nitrogen vapors for 10 min. followed by storage at -196°C for assessment. Progressive mot...
Muhammad Mansoor1, Khalid Usman2*, Shahid Hameed Khan Khalil3, Abdul Mateen Khattak4, Muhammad Ehsan Elahi1, Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik2 and Amir Hamza2
...ere used for postharvest processing of dates but, the desired quality of fruit could not be achieved due to adverse effects of dust storms and rain spells at ripening and curing stage of fruits. Covering fruit bunches with bags were also not productive and profitable; therefore, the growers switched to solar tunnel drying but couldn’t get the required results. The protocols of using solar tunnels needed fine-tuning of temperature and relative air humidit...
Muhammad Abdul Rahman1*, Abdul Saboor1, Gulnaz Hameed1, Ghulam Bilal2 and Farooq Tanwir3
...nd lack of innovation in processing of milk and milk products are other major threats to production from farm animals. The findings of this study can serve as basis of providing key elements for policy devising in order to have research based policy making and implementation with separate set of policy actions for small, medium and large farmers. Input price mechanism, regularization of dairy sector, separate policy measures for meat and dairy animals and pres...
Saleem Ashraf1, Raheel Saqib2*, Zakaria Yousuf Hassan3, Muhammad Luqman4 and Abdur Rehman5
...affirmed that middleman, processing factories and friends/relatives were the foremost intermediaries in citrus marketing. Majority of growers (94.16%) preferred selling their pre-harvest fruit to processing factories (55.75%), middleman (30%) and friends and neighbours (14.25%). High prices of inputs (84.3%), small lands (82.6%) and monopoly of the middleman (76%) were prominent factors limiting benefits as perceived by the ...
Muhammad Masood Tahir1, Ayyaz Hussain2, Saeed Badshah3, Qaisar Javaid2
RULE-BASED IDENTIFICATION OF BEARING FAULTS USING CENTRAL TENDENCY OF TIME DOMAIN FEATURES
...r feature before further processing. The selected sets of NCVs are finally used as
references to generate rule-set for testing the unknown vibration samples. The results are evident that the proposed
RDS may be an effective alternative to the existing classifier-based fault diagnosis, even if the vibration signals are
contaminated with considerable background noise. ...
references to generate rule-set for testing the unknown vibration samples. The results are evident that the proposed
RDS may be an effective alternative to the existing classifier-based fault diagnosis, even if the vibration signals are
contaminated with considerable background noise. ...
Shaista Naz1*, Noor P. Khan1, Himayatullah Khan1 and Azra2
Does Women’s Participation in Livestock Management Enhance their Empowerment? An Insight from the Tribal Belt of Pakistan
...eting, milk handling and processing, animal health problems, animals keeping place, and number and breed of animals were more significant for assessing women empowerment as depicted by the high DMI value of above 0.80. Moderate level of women empowerment was observed in the activities of animals’ purchase (0.57), animals’ sale (0.59), and livestock income utilization (0.63) due to their low level of mobility and technical know-how. Almost all the h...
Wisal Shah*, Muhammad Nafees**, Muhammad Iqbal***
EVALUATION OF MARBLE SLURRY WASTE FOR PREPARATION OF COMMERCIAL GRADE CEMENT
...ext-align: left;">Marble processing is generating a large amount of slurry waste which poses serious impact on the environment.
This study was conducted with the objective to demonstrate the practicability of using marble slurry wastes in the
manufacturing of cement on commercial scale. Waste marble slurry was obtained from marble processing units
Sikandar Afridi*, Muhammad Irfan Khattak**, Nasim Ullah***, Gulzar Ahmad**, Muhammad Shafi**
PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF FACE RECOGNITION SYSTEM USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS MERGED WITH DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORMS
...hnique which reduces the processing time of the face recognition
without losing the accuracy. Performance of face recognition system is enhanced in terms of low processing time as
shown by comparing the experimental results of conventional PCA and the proposed technique in this paper.
...
Asif Ali Khan*, Nasru Minallah*, Shahbaz Khan**
ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SUPERVISED CLASSIFIERS FOR CROP IDENTIFICATION AND ESTIMATION USING MULTI-SPECTRAL IMAGERY
...cy of Pakistan. After preprocessing, which is a preparatory step in analyzing
and classifying satellite imagery to improve classification results and reduce the efforts and processing time, different
supervised classifiers namely Maximum Likelihood approach, Neural Network and Minimum Distance Classifier have
been used to classify the imagery. Training data for classifiers has been collect...
Atta Ur Rehman, Laiq Hassan, Nasir Ahmad, Kashif Ahmad, Shakirullah
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE AND HAMMING DISTANCE USED FOR IRIS RECOGNITION
...v>description of some preprocessing steps. In preprocessing stage, Circular Hough Transform and Canny Edge
Detector are employed for iris segmentation, while for iris normalization and feature extraction, the Rubber Sheet
Model and one-dimensional (1-D) Log-Gabor Filter are used respectively. Finally for classification/matching of iris
patterns, Hamming Distance and Support Vector Machine ...
Sajjad Hussain1*, Nisar Mohammad1, Zahid Ur Rehman1, Noor Mohammad1, Ishaq Ahmad1,
Naseer Muhammad Khan2 and Salim Raza1
EXTRACTION OF GOLD AND SILVER BY AGITATION CYANIDATION PROCESS FROM COMPLEX ORE OF SHOUGHUR AREA CHITRAL, KYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PAKISTAN
...ss is the most versatile processing technique used for extraction of gold utilizing
different cyanidation parameters likes grinding time, pH, cyanidation time, sodium cyanide (NaCN) and lime CaO..
The efficiency of cyanidation process depends on dosage of each parameter. In present research work the extraction
of gold and silver by cyanidation process from shoughur area of district Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was carried
...
Nisar Mohammad*, Mohammad Mansoor Khan* Noor Mohammad*
CHARACTERIZATION OF TALC-CARBONATE ROCK OF MINGORA EMERALD MINES, DISTRICT SWAT, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
... suitable and commercial processing technique for the said talc carbonate rocks. Thorough investigations were conducted using SEM-EDX X-Rays Diffraction (XRD) , Th...
Nisar Mohammad1, Mohammad Mansoor Khan1
RECOVERY OF TALC FROM TALC- CARBONATE SCHIST OF SWAT EMERALD MINES, NWFP, PAKISTAN
...nding some suitable processing technique to recover talc. A few processing tests using flotation, gravity separation and leaching methods were conducted to see the amenability of talc to enrichment by these techniques. Analysis of seven talcum powder products available in the local market including pharmaceutical grade talc was carried out for comparison with Swat raw- talc under study and to know the lev...
Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi1*, Ayoola Olugbenga Oladele2 and Ibrahim Maharazu3
Profitability Analysis and Marketing Efficiency of Soyabean (Glycine max) Value Chain among Actors in Abuja, Nigeria
...nt could be addressed if processing firms were linked to soyabeans marketers and there is the need for mobilization of soyabean marketers to form group marketing, this will enable them to undertake bulk purchases, and arrange for common transportation mechanism. This may reduce high cost of transportation of their stock from farm gate to the market....
Yasir Arafat1*, Syeda Nabahat2, Hafiz Ullah3, Afaq Ali Muluk4 and Azra5
An Analysis of Energy Supply and Oil Price Shocks on Agricultural Productivity of Pakistan
...echniques of testing and processing agriculture land and seeds for higher per acre yield which affects farmers directly. Most of the farmers either use electricity or oil to run the tube well for irrigation, increase in the prices of both electricity and oil affect crop productivity negatively. Consequently, government should provide electricity and oil in subsidized rates to the farmers at the time of cultivation and irrigation....
Muhammad Yasir*, Mansoor ul Hasan, Muhammad Sagheer, Amer Rasul, Rameesha Amjad Ali and Habib ur Rehman
Evaluation of Spinosad Applied to Grain Commodities for the Control of Stored Product Insect Pests
... food products in mills, processing plants and storage facilities where these products are stored. The residual efficacy of spinosad was assessed by exposing the Oryzeaphilus surinamensis, Tribolium castaneum and Trogoderma granarium to the treated commodities (wheat, maize, rice and oats) at concentrations of 0.25, 0.50 and 1 mg Kg-1 under laboratory conditions maintained at 28 ± 2oC, 65 ± 5% RH and continuous darkness. Seven bioassays were cond...
Salim Raza1*, Khan Gul Jadoon2, Sajjad Hussain1, Zahid ur Rehman1, Saira Sherin1 and Noor Muhammad1
Mitigation Plan for Identified Problems Faced by the Marble Industry in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
...t quality and subsequent processing for efficient mining and export of marble according to international standards....
Luka Anthony*, Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi, Elizabeth Samuel Ebukiba and Vandi Gamba
...rmers, provision of rice processing equipment should be made available, contract farming and marketing should be encouraged for increased rice production and market out choice for profit maximization among rice farmers to eradicate poverty and improve their welfare.
...
Abdul Hafeez1*, Akhtar Nawaz Khan2 and Zahid Ullah3
...en follows pre- and post-processing in a subjective manner, which is tedious, time-consuming and erroneous. An important and an unrealized need of these systems is the real-time answer from the acquired data, which is often multi-dimensional and at remarkably high-resolution. The inherit noise in the data is another major bottleneck for real-time processing. This entails expediting the decision-making process as well as to i...
Nosheen Basharat1, Usman Waheed2,3*, Muhammad Arshad1, Noor e Saba4, Iram Masood1, Akhlaaq Wazeer1, Ahmad Farooq1, Sadaf Moneeba1, Abdul Rauf5 and Hasan Abbas Zaheer2,3
...e two mainstays in blood processing centres. Torque teno virus (TTV) is highly prevalent among the general population throughout the world. TTV was discovered in 1997 in the serum of a Japanese patient. TTV is a non-enveloped small virus of 3.8 kb containing a circular single-stranded negative-sense DNA genome. TTV represents the first circovirus-like virus found in humans. The study was conducted to assess the molecular epidemiology of TTV in healthy blood do...
Dabesa Wegari and Fikiru Temesgen Gelata*
...tion, marketing/trading, processing, retailing and consumption of the product.Therefore, the required recommendations were creating strong horizontal and vertical linkages/relationships between the chain actors and on mutually beneficial actions for the smallholder farmers....
Shakeel Ahmed Soomro1,2, Sikandar Almani3, Lal Bux4, Khalil Ahmed Ibupoto2, Muhammad Sohail Memon2, Farman Ali Chandio2, Shakeel Hussain Chattha2, Zaheer Ahmed Khan2, Zubair Ahmed Soomro5,Babar Mustafa Ansari6 and Kunjie Chen1*
... be utilised by the rice processing industries.
...
Anwar Ali1,5*, Horia Shaukat2, Munir Ahmed3,5, Ahmed Bostani4 and Syed Ashiq Hussain3
...nce and efficacy of meat processing is discussed. Mechanism involved in it is to increase the rate of postmortem glycolysis resulting in somatic, biological and on tissue level alterations. Electrical stimulation fastens the propagation and termination of rigor mortis hence decreasing the processing time and fatigue. After electrical stimulation, the muscles become paralyzed and the rigor mortis is dispatched to reduce the t...
Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah1*, Muhamad Jan1, Azhar Hussain2, Shoaib Akhtar1, Hussain Nawaz1, Muhammad Afzal3 and Humara Umar1
... be grown for commercial processing and product development....
Mohammed Bashar Danlami1*, Basiru Aliyu1, Abbas Bazata Yusuf1, Bashar Gulumbe Haruna1 and Asmau Nono Mahe1
...ving sample handling and processing by trained persons due to a high rate of unsatisfactory Pap smear reported in this study. The study population needs to be sensitized to make better utilization of the facilities at histochemistry unit of FMC Birnin Kebbi....
Elharony, S.B.1,3, SaharA.Youssef2 and Richard F. Lee3
... particularly useful for processing
large number of samples and for isolation of RNA and DNA from
small quantities of tissues. The method does not require expensive
and environmentally hazardous reagents and equipment. It can be
performed even in low technology laboratories. The amount of tissue
required by this method is ∼50–100 mg. The quantity and the quality
of the nucleic ac...
Lamya A. F. Ateya1, Said A. Ahmed 2, Mansour H. Ayman3, Khamees K. Ashraf 4, Heba A. Abdel-Hady 5
...onclusion: Selection and processing of clinical specimens, viral isolation and PCR assay applied, for LSDV are much sensitive and rapid diagnostic tool of LSD reflecting their importance in controlling the rapid spread of disease in Egypt....
Mohsen M. Elsharkawy1, Salem H. Homayed1, Mohamed M. Elsawy2 and Amr A. Khedr1
Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Iram Liaqat*, Junaid Nadeem, Hammad Aamir and Shaukat Ali
...nhibitory effects of the processing chemicals or did not investigate whether the inhibitory potential is an intrinsic property of silk or is due to the aggregate gland secretion coating its surface, hence a borrowed property. Our study used direction application and disk diffusion method to investigate the antibacterial potential of Neoscona mukherji and N. theisi egg and web silk. For disk diffusion method, silk was first degummed to form degummed silk soluti...
Yaregal Tilahun1*, Benyam Tadesse1, Getachew Mekonnen2 and Tilahun Bekele3
... and lack of centralized processing facilities (80.7%) were the key restraints on tea out-growers production and selling activity in the research area. The Cobb Douglas model indicated that labor force, fertilizer, land size, and improved seed all had an impact on tea productivity. While, technical inefficiency of tea production was determined by to level of education, the interaction of extension contact, distance to district market, harvesting time, training...
Amjad Ali1, Muhammad Amir2*, Bilal Ur Rehman2, Zafar Khan3 and Abid Munir1
...ed after. In fingerprint processing, initially, appropriate proven methods are used for processing fingerprints in a sequential manner followed by the application of various encryption algorithms for ensuring protection of such biometric data. In fingerprinting, image processing techniques include: low-quality-fingerprint enhancement, normalization, binarization and thinning of fingerprint...
Zane Vincevica-Gaile1, Karina Stankevica1, Maris Klavins1, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Damat Damat3*, Praptiningsih Gawawati Adinurani4, Lili Zalizar5, Muhammad Zul Mazwan6, Juris Burlakovs7,
Didiek Hadjar Goenadi8,9, Rista Anggriani3 and Aamir Sohail10
...d on peat extraction and processing. Due to peat’s fossil origin, it can be considered environmentally unfriendly and unsustainable. Seeking peat-substituting materials is of crucial importance on a global scale and may become a vitally significant assignment for future generations. The necessity for peat-free soil amendments is also directed by the targets of circular economy and environmental sustainability goals, leading to reducing or abandoning the ...
Amir Z. Allam, Hayam A. Mansour, Nermeen M.L. Malak, Heba H.S. Abdel-Naeem*
...antibacterial during the processing of chicken meat products to improve their bacterial quality and extend their shelf life without causing odor problems.
Keywords | Clove, Oregano, Thyme, Chicken meat patties, Frozen storage
...
Taghreed Mohamed Nabil1, Randa Mohamed Hassan1, HebatAllah Hamdy Mahmoud2, Mohamed Gomaa Tawfiek2, Usama Kamal Moawad1*
... to routine histological processing. Macroscopically, the oviduct had five portions; infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, and vagina. Microscopically, the wall of the oviduct is composed of four concentric layers; mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa but lacks lamina muscularis mucosa. The lamina propria submucosa contained immune competent cells and tubular glands in all portions of the oviduct except the infundibular funnel and vagina that devoid of a...
Baila Ahmad1, Muhammad Ammar Khan1*, Zulfiqar Ahmad1, Rana Muhammad Bilal2 and Asghar Ali Kamboh3
...sses to the broiler meat processing industry. This study, therefore, investigated the approach of nutritional intervention to combat these concerns. Breast meat samples were obtained from the broilers given zinc (Zn from ZnSO4) supplements (T0, T1, T2, and T3 @ 0, 10, 20 and 40 ppm, respectively of finisher diet from 21 to 42 days). Initially, the pH, expressible moisture (EM), water-holding capacity (WHC), instrumental color, drip loss (DL) and cook loss (CL)...
Reyad R. Shawish, Reda E. Hamed*, Zakaria H. Elbayoumi
... exposure to smoking and processing techniques making it safer for human consumption.
Keywords | PAHs, Ready-to-Eat, Meat products, GC-MS, Egypt.
...
Agus Mulyono
... are 3 stages, namely preprocessing, learning stages and testing stages. The results of the Java sparrow sex detection accuracy through texture and color analysis of beak images using the ANFIS method are 90%. This shows that texture and color can be used to detect the sex of Java sparrow...
Khurram Sheraz* and Taj Ali Khan
... to integrate the signal processing technique Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) with different versions of Mann-Kendall (MK) trend tests for investigating the dominant climate systems characterizing the long-term time-series of the two most important meteorological parameters: mean air temperature (oC) and total rainfall (mm) for the different stations lying in the upper Indus River basin of Pakistan. The observed time series were categorized into monthly, seas...
Rijumoni Daimari, Silistina Narzari, Jatin Sarmah*
...heir utilization in meat processing industry.
Keywords | Edible viscera, Autochthonous Doom pigs, India, Proximate, Amino acids, Fatty acids.
...
Sadaf Ansari1, Shahid Hussain Abro1, Abdul Jabbar Tanweer2, Abdullah Sethar3, Ghulam Abbas4, Sabahat Ansari1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1*
...use of its inappropriate processing, handling and cooking. Therefore this research was performed for the evaluation of bacterial contamination from raw and cooked fish, mutton and beef sold by retailors in district Hyderabad. During present study, 150 total meat samples, 100 from raw meat (beef=40, mutton=40, fish=20) and 50 from cooked meat (beef=20, mutton=20, fish=10) were randomly collected from district Hyderabad and cultured on different media for isolat...
Siriporn Namted, Kanokporn Poungpong, Wiriya Loongyai, Choawit Rakangthong, Chaiyapoom Bunchasak*
...th differing types of YE processing (autolysis or hydrolysis) and differing doses/responses. In a feed additive, the components of the cell wall (β-glucan and mannan-oligosaccharides) and some of their cellular metabolites are key beneficial factors in promoting the growth performance, immunological response, gut morphology, gut microbiota, and feed consumption of pigs.
Keywords | Yeast extract, Yeast cell wall, Performance, Immune, Pig
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Fahrauk Faramayuda*, Soraya Riyanti and Sitty Mahanadhiandinie
...cked and dried by simple processing. Brewing white tea leaves have been shown to have antioxidant activity. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of white tea leaves grown in Indonesia using extraction methods other than brewing, i.e., maceration. Study of free radical scavenging activity of 1,1- Diphenyl-2- Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the determination of the total polyphenol content of white tea leaves have been conducted using UV-Visible spec...
Muhammad Bilal Munawar1, Saima Naveed1, Shafqat Nawaz Qaisrani1, Jibran Hussain2, Shahzad Munir3, Ayesha Ahmed3, Mubbashir Hussain4, Ahmad Kamran Khan5, Abdullah Jalal6 and Irfan Ahmed7*
... at 85°C during feed processing production. Blood, ileal digesta, weight of visceral organs, left tibia were sampled for the quantity of phosphorus in plasma, its digestibility and tibial calcium and phosphorus. The present study reported that H group was found higher in FI, BWG and FCR as compared to other groups. Higher gizzard, liver and heart weight were recorded in group A and B while tibia ash, Ca and P in group H. Described results concluded that su...
M. Mansoor Javed*, M. Aslam Mirza, M. Aziz ur Rehman and M. Saif ur Rahman
...ck the effect of various processing conditions on the nutritive value of full-fat soybean (FFSB), apparent metabolizable energy (AME), nitrogen retention and growth in broiler chickens. Full-fat soybean was prepared by subjecting dehulled soybean to different temperatures i.e. 90°C, 100°C and 110°C for various resident tines i.e., 15 min, 30 min and 45 min in a multitier commercial toaster. Each product was analyzed for proximate composition, pepsi...
Mochamad Rizal Umami1, Zainuri*2, Sebastiana Viphindrartin2 and Rafael Purtomo Somaji2
...ling technique. The data processing includes data reduction, data display using Decision Explorer version 3.3 software. Data were analyzed through descriptive methods and content analysis. The study found that the COVID-19 pandemic formed a new pattern of sugarcane trading system, switching from a contractual trade model to a free market model (redeemer). The model refutes the theory stating that the contractual model will be more efficient than the free marke...
M. Israr1†, M. Habib1 and K. Nasira2
... (Baermann, 1917). After processing, the nematode genera and species were identified (Siddiqi, 2000). Tylenchorhynchus usmanensis is reported from the first time from Pakistan is briefly redescribed and illustrated....
Sofiane Tamendjari1,2*, Farida Bouzebda Afri1,2, Lina Chaib1, Hebib Aggad3, Zoubir Bouzebda1,2
...cs. Finally, statistical processing was performed using the STATISTICA 7 software (Statsoft, France). The percentage of samples contaminated with S. aureus was 32.22%, and the average load of S. aureus contaminating sheep, chicken and turkey meat was 3.8×103 CFU/cm2 +/- 2.55×103; 2.2×103 CFU/g +/- 0.99×103 and 2.01×103 CFU/g +/- 0.73×103 respectively. High rates of resistance to penicillin (100%), sulfonamides (93.10%) and m...
Ulvi Fitri Handayani1, Wizna2, Irfan Suliansyah3, Yose Rizal2, Maria Endo Mahata2*
...g 0.5% coconut oil. This processing aims to increase the release of lycopene from the matrix tomato, change its structure from trans to cis lycopene, and increase the absorption of lycopene in the digestive tract of laying hens. Lycopene is a compound in tomatoes and is known to inhibit cholesterol synthesis. Cholesterol in the body is transported in the blood by lipoproteins. Therefore, that is important to know the effect of giving processed tomatoes wastes ...
Roni Pazla1, Novirman Jamarun1*, Elihasridas1, Arief1, Gusri Yanti2, Zaitul Ikhlas2
...ste to optimize rumen bioprocessing. This research aimed to obtain good performance from Kacang goats through appropriate ration formulation based on fermented forage (sugarcane shoots and tithonia) with avocado waste. This formulation is expected to minimize the use of concentrate in the ration. This study used 16 male Kacang goats aged one year, which consisted of four groups based on body weight. The concentrate consists of rice bran, corn, palm kernel cake...
Fatma Salih Mohammed1*, Nasser Khedr1, Tahia Ahmed1, Liza S. Mohammed2
...ext-align: justify;">The processing method used to create the meal affects the nutritional value of soybeans for birds. The most popular approach is solvent-extracted soybean meal (SE-SBM). However, extruded-expelled soybean meal (EE-SBM) is mainly utilized in organic poultry feed. This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding EE-SBM to broiler chicken Ross® 308 feed formulations on carcass traits and histomorphological changes in the intestine. A t...
Yuli Retnani1*, Heri Ahmad Sukria1, Indah Wijayanti1, Didid Diapari1, Muhammad Dimas Erlangga1, M Fatahillah Ibsyah1, Taryati1, Nisa Nurmilati Barkah1,3, Novia Qomariyah2,3
Athhar Manabi Diansyah1, Muhammad Yusuf2*, Abdul Latief Toleng2, Muhammad Ihsan Andi Dagong2, Tulus Maulana3, Hasrin4, Abdullah Baharun5
...nt to the laboratory for processing. Parameters measured were sperm motility, abnormality, viability, acrosome integrity, and membrane integrity. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) analysis was used to assess the confirmation profile protein of seminal plasma. The conception rate from artificial insemination was used to determine the fertility rate (AI). This investigation revealed that the quality of the sperms from Bali-polled bulls and Bali-h...
Arief1, Roni Pazla2*, Rizqan1, Novirman Jamarun2
... a waste of the palm oil processing industry and can be used as a concentrated alternative. This study aims to determine the impact of giving Tithonia diversifolia plants, cassava leaves, and palm concentrates on the milk production and quality (fat and lactose), intake, and digestibility of Etawa Crossbred Goat. The supplemented treatments were: A; control ration (60% forage (CF) + 40% concentrate (CC)), B (30% CF + 30% Tithonia diversifolia (T) + cassava lea...
Riko Noviadi, Dwi Desmiyeni Putri, Gusma Gama Maradon*, Agung Adi Candra, Nani Irwani, Gadis Apriani, Made Guntur Candra Adinata, I Made Krisnanda
...cens) flour with various processing techniques in broiler rations. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications, each replication consisting of 5 broilers. We designed four treatments, P1 = Sundried for 2 days + grinding, P2 = Oven dried at 50°C for 7 h + grinding, P3 = Roasting at 100 °C for 15 min + grinding, and P4 = Water scalding at 96 °C for 1 min + grinding. The processing...
Imran Muhammad Siddique1, Naseem Sharif1*, Abdul Ghaffar2, Mudassar Naseer1, Ammara Noreen3, Naseem Akhtar4 and Safeer ud Din5
...ption and as well as for processing industry in the international markets. Visualizing such compulsions of international markets, a systematic study was undertaken by Horticultural Research Station, Sahiwal with identification of five less seeded kinnow strains (1-6 seeds). Results depicted that less seeded kinnow strain, encoded LSKS-2, produced superior external and internal quality attributes. Average fruit weight and size outstripped other contestant strai...
Winda Sartika1*, Budi Hartono2, Hari Dwi Utami2, Lilik Eka Radiati2
...retailers to the rendang processing industry. The rendang industry’s beef price is IDR 115,000.00-IDR 120,000.00 per kilogram, about 7.5% lower than the price for household consumers, IDR 130,000.00 per kilogram. The most efficient marketing channel comprises farmers, collectors, and final consumers, with a marketing efficiency value of 0.94 %. Marketing collaboration and active supply chain institutions involved in the supply of raw materials for the re...
Dina A. Yousif, Mohamed M.T. Emara, Marwa R.S. Abdallah*
...her moist or dry thermal processing. The fatty acid profile, pH value, objective color indexes, sensory characteristics, and marinade uptake were all measured in the raw mutton samples. Additionally, the cooked samples were examined for cooking loss, fatty acid composition, shear force, instrumental color parameters, and sensory analysis. The use of both extracts improved the overall sensory attributes, eliminated the unfavorable mutton flavor, improved the fa...
Siswanto Imam Santoso*, Agus Setiadi, Wahyu Dyah Prastiwi
...cooked rice, trash fish, processing, business pattern, marketing, technology, and production; the endogenous variable was sustainability. Structural equation modeling (SEM) using TETRAD-IV software was employed to establish the analytical model. The results show that duck farming is sustainable regarding social, economic, and environmental aspects. Medical and technological factors significantly affect production. Social factors, egg p...
Fahad A. Al-Abbasi1*, Abdullah Samer Habib1, Vikas Kumar2 and Firoz Anwar1
...s directly involved with processing, handling from various departments without any prior disease were selected for blood profiling. Significant increase in S. aureus colonies were observed in fish samples compared to chicken in the month of September and October, 2017 and in fish and chicken meat from December, 2017 to June, 2018. In all samples TPC was more or less same for fish and chicken. E. coli was non traceable in any of the analyzed samples. Uniform pa...
Syed Nouman Shah1, Anees Ur Rahman1, Abdul Kabir1,2*, Midrar Ullah3, Shahab Ahmad Nawaz1, Muhammad Said1, Abdul Hafeez Bukero1, Maaz Ahmad1 and Muhammad Sadiq1
...ients and optimized feed processing techniques can reduce mycotoxin levels in silage and their negative impacts on livestock. We conclude that a comprehensive understanding of mycotoxins in silage and the implementation of effective management strategies are essential for sustainable livestock production. Future research should focus on developing alternative and sustainable feed sources, precision livestock farming techniques, genetic selection for resilience...
Yunilas1*, Muheri Indra Aja Nasution2, Edhy Mirwandhono1, Adi Fathul Qohar3
...so it is necessary to do processing to reduce the chitin content first by fermentation using organic acids. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of using organic acids (propionic acid and formic acid) and various fermentation times in reducing the BSFP chitin content. Completely Randomized Design (CRD), factorial 3 x 3 with three replications. Factor I was various doses of organic acid (3%, 6%, 9%), and Factor II was different fermentation times...
Jasir Hakim Hidayah1,2, Yos Adi Prakoso2, Sitarina Widyarini3*
...on of this fruit and its processing product must be elucidated. ...
Syed Nouman shah1, Anees Ur Rahman1, Midrar Ullah2, Shahab Ahmad Nawaz1, Muhammad Said1, Abdul Kabir1,3*, Abdul Hafeez Bukero1, Maaz Ahmad1 and Muhammad Sadiq1
...ients and optimized feed processing techniques can reduce mycotoxin levels in silage and their negative impacts on livestock. We conclude that a comprehensive understanding of mycotoxins in silage and the implementation of effective management strategies are essential for sustainable livestock production. Future research should focus on developing alternative and sustainable feed sources, precision livestock farming techniques, genetic selection for resilience...
Abdul Aziz1,2, Hamad Bin Rashid1*, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Asim Khalid Mahmood1, Ayesha Hassan1, Hamid Akbar1, Sadaf Imran1, Naveed Hussain1, Muhammad Umar1, Muhammad Asif1, Sajjad Javaid1 and Mamoona Chaudhry3
...m cell contamination and processing time. Hence, it is a cost effective and alternate procedure for developing countries like Pakistan....
Syed Tayyab ul Mazhar1, Hasnain Khan1, Uzma Afzal1*, Shazia Usmani1 and Tariq Mahmood2
...alysis, natural language processing, psychology and others.
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Syed Tayyab ul Mazhar1, Hasnain Khan1, Uzma Afzal1*, Shazia Usmani1 and Tariq Mahmood2
...alysis, natural language processing, psychology and others.
... 
ZARYAB KHALID SIAL & FARAH KHAN
...y RNA for its downstream processing. Mostly RNAs are degraded as tissues are taken from fields, therefore the protocol for PSTVd RNA isolation was optimized and improved for obtaining Pure and high quality RNA having an increased and nondegradable life from infected plants of Potatoes. The present study was aimed to confirm the presence and identification of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) on potato plants in Pakistan. RNA was extracted and purified using ...
SHAGUFTA ANDLEEB1*, ASMATULLAH2, SHABANA SHAUKAT1 & SIDRA NAWAZ2
... Bouin’s fluid and processing for histological preparation using different grades of alcohol and xylene for dehydration. These tissues were later on infiltrated with paraffin wax, sectioned to size of 4μm and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. The histological analysis revealed that metformin could cause adverse malformations like pyknosis, necrosis, and steatosis....
Deni Novia*, Indri Juliyarsi, Rizki Dwi Setiawan, Clara Mustika, Cindi Melani
Shama Sadaf1*, Ayesha Saeed1, Komal Hassan1, Zeeshan Ahmad2 and Maha Naeem Butt1
... or very little chemical processing. Turmeric spice is used in making natural dye. In this study dye was developed by using three concentration levels from turmeric powder. Then apply a dye on silk fabric after binding it with vinegar. The dye’s colour concentration and color fastness after 15 washes. This research is based on quantitative research. This is experimental research. In this study, access the color concentration on different stages and fastn...
