Robina Karim and Dawood Jan
...act on Pakistan external trade (Imports + Exports). To achieve the stated purpose, study adopted methodology which required testing of hypothesis which states “Pakistan’s foreign trade is expected to be largely better off once WTO’s regime is fully implemented in Pakistan and rest of the world”. The statistical results show that, the coefficient of variation of Pakistan exports <...
Jixue Hou1,2, Xueling Chen3, Jing Wang4, Hongwei Zhang2, Yu Xi2, Jie Xia2, Xinyu Peng2,* and Xiangwei Wu2,5*
Jehangir Khan1,2*, Inamullah Khan3, Ijaz Ali2, Aqib Iqbal2 and Muhammad Salman4
...her factors mainly tyres trade. DENV was detected in Aedes aegypti (57%) and Aedes albopictus (43%) adults (n=1050) and larvae (n=550). The samples were collected from four (Shuba Bazaar, Tarnab Farm, Wazir Bagh and Hayat Abad) dengue suspected locations of district Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. A semi-nested multiplex PCR was used to amplify the cDNA of the four dengue serotypes. Six out of 35 (17.14%) adult mosquito pools were f...
Nirbhay Kushwaha, Achuit K Singh, Brotati Chattopadhyay and Supriya Chakraborty
Recent advances in geminivirus detection and future perspectives
...ical as globalization of trade,particularly in horticultural commodities increase. The potential effects of climate change have further aggravated the movement of viruses and their vectors, transforming the diagnostic landscape. Geminiviruses are a group of plant viruses characterized by circular, single-stranded (ss) DNA genomes (~2.7 kb size) and twined icosahedral virions (18 x 30 nm). Based on genome organization, host range and insect-vector, geminiviruse...
Burhan Azam1, Muhammad Naeem Tahir2,*, Faisal Shahzad2, Abdul Ghaffar3, Ghulam Abbas4, Madiha Gohar5 and Saima1
...olytic enzyme (Fibrozyme™, Alltech Inc. Company, USA) at four levels (T1 = 0, T2 = 10, T3 = 15 and T4 = 20 g/animal/day) in a 4 × 4 Latin Square change-over design with four experimental periods. Each period consisted of a 14-days enzyme supplementation period following a 3-day transition period without enzyme supplementation between consecutive experimental periods. The results showed a significant linear (P<0.001) increase in the intakes of DM...
Trinh Thi Viet Ha1, Pham Duy Liem2 and Li Shuang1*
...that the pattern of rice trade between China and Vietnam is fluctuated. The trade volume between China and Vietnam is smaller, and the fluctuation of trade is larger, and there is a large space for the development of rice trade between the two countries. Through further comparison of the comparative advantages of Chinese and Vietnamese rice products show...
Liushuai Hua1,3, Shiping Gong1,*, Xiangjing Zhong2, Jun Tao2, Yu Chen2 and Jieming Deng2
... wild because of illegal trade, overharvesting and habitat destruction. Captive breeding is an effective protection against extinction, but safe overwintering is still technically difficult to captive big-headed turtles. Determining optimal hibernation conditions is important in resolving this problem. In this study, the effects of two important environmental conditions (water depth and availability of sand beds) on changes in body weight and health status in ...
Muhammad Azam Niazi*, Hassnain Shah, Waqar Akhtar and Nadeem Akmal**
...;Changes in the terms of trade have consequences of great significance for the overall economic performance of a country. In this paper the terms of trade (1991-2003) for Pakistan’s crop sector have been worked out to reveal how the sector has performed over time in terms of profitability. Various indices were worked out to view the profitability from different angles using weights, giving due importance to all the con...
Sumia Bint Zaman, Sidra Majeed and Shahid Ahmad*
...grow oilseeds because in trade-off between food and fuel, food should win. Before launching commercial production of Jatropha in Pakistan key issues need to be addressed including maintaining the goal of food security, water scarcity, cost-effectivity, and feasibility of Jatropha in comparison with oilseeds, pulses, feed crops and fuel-wood plants....
Ayesha Tahir, Hassnain Shah, Muhammad Sharif, Waqar Akhtar and Nadeem Akmal*
AN OVERVIEW OF TOMATO ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
...tan has no RCA in tomato trade as the value of RCA is much below the unity. However, keeping in view the 8% growth rate in tomato area and 5% in production, there are opportunities in tomato production for export from Pakistan. At present Pakistan's exports are heavily focused on Middle East and Afghanistan markets. Therefore, there is a need to look for other markets to increase the tomato exports during the glut supply season. ...
Waqar Akhtar*, Nadeem Akmal*, Hassnain Shah*, Muhammad Azam Niazi** and Ayesha Tahir*
EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS OF PAKISTANI HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS
...s with respect to global trade. Results demonstrate that Pakistan has comparative and competitive advantage over the period under analysis and indicates a transition from comparative and competitive disadvantage to comparative and competitive advantage during the period under analysis. Tangerines, mandarins, clem have maintained relatively higher revealed comparative advantage as compared to other categories for the whole period under analysis. Onion export ha...
Muhammad Aamir Khan*, Abdul Saboor*, Rauf-i-Azam**, Abdul Qayyum Mohsin* and Fayyaz-ul-Hassan***
IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION ON INCOME INEQUALITY IN PAKISTAN
...tan’s agricultural trade liberalization using a modified Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) framework. The newly developed MyGTAP program was used to modify the Pakistan’s data in the Global GTAP Database and Standard GTAP model to include multiple households and labor types. This disaggregation allows to analyze distributional impacts and to implement policy scenarios that target particular households. The eco...
Muhammad Hidayat Rasool*, Abuzar Muhammad Afzal*, Abu Baker Siddique*, Waseem Akram**, Muhammad Saqalein*, Madiha Basit* and Muhammad Farooq Tahir***
ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF VIRO CARE GZ-08 AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS IN POULTRY AND ITS IN-VITRO CYTOTOXICITY ASSAY
...ivity of Viro Care GZ-08™ was checked up invitro, in-ovo and in-vivo. The cytotoxicity assay of the product was performed using Vero cell line. All the trials revealed that the stock solution and 1:2 dilution of GZ-08™ had some antiviral activity as well as were cytotoxic. As the concentration decreased, cytotoxicity as well as antiviral activities were lost. Based on these findings, it was concluded that GZ-08&<...
Waqar Akhtar*, Muhammad Sharif**, Abdul Hayee Qureshi*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla*** and Muhammad Azeem Khan*
COMPETITIVENESS OF TOMATO PRODUCTION IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...on in relation to tomato trade by using Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) framework in Punjab, Pakistan. The province was divided into two tomato production regions i.e., Central and Southern Punjab for analysis purpose under importable scenario by using import parity price. Results of PAM model revealed that tomato production in both regions of Punjab has competitiveness under prevailing market situation as indicated by positive private profitability and private c...
Ghulam Sadiq Afridi*, Abdul Saboor**, Zahoor-ul-Haq***, Sultan Ali
Tariq**** and Muhammad Ishaq*****
EXPLORING POTENTIAL AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR PAKISTAN'S COTTON EXPORT
...ytical tools enabled the trade experts and policy makers to explore the answer of lackness for diversification in export, HS-2- digits aggregated data for cotton sub-sectors have been used with latest data from 2004 to 2013 for the panel of 39 countries. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index and gravity model approach was employed considering country and time specific fixed effect. The RCA index revealed that cotton sub-sectors have competitive advantage ...
Aitezaz Ahsan1*, Muhammad Usman1, Ihsan Ullah2, Aamer Bin Zahur3 and Adnan Rasheed Malik4
...e occurrence hampers the trade and consequently causes an enormous economic losses. It is a disease of sheep and goat, particularly in the regions of Africa, Middle East and Asia. Besides clinical signs and symptoms of PPR various diagnostic assays, both serological and molecular, have been developed and are applied for estimating the current status of the disease. This review article focuses on the development of different molecular diagnostic assays from con...
Dilshad Ahmad1*, Muhammad Irfan Chani1 and Muhammad Afzal2
... the agriculture sector, trade openness has been quantified through various econometric approaches in the study. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bound testing approach has been applied to analyze the long run cointegration among variables, obtaining annual time series data from 1973 to 2014. An empirical estimation of ARDL approach has indicated the evidence of long-run cointegration of model. Empirical findings of the study indicate positive (5.178151) ...
Irfan Ali Sabir1, Saeed Ahmad1*, Muhammad Nafees2, Ahmad Sattar Khan1, Maryam3 and Ishtiaq Ahmad2
Iqbal Javed1*, Amar Razzaq2, Mudassar Yasin3, Muhammad Ali Imran4, Haroon Javaid5, Iftikhar Nabi6, Anum Sardar1 and Shahbaz Ahmad7
...study were international trade center, Economics survey of Pakistan, statistical yearbook of Pakistan and Agricultural Price Institution, Islamabad, Pakistan. Nominal protection coefficient (NPC), revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) were estimated for the export of mutton to all existing international markets. According to the finding of the current study under hand internal markets are categorized into thre...
Sajad Ali1*, Syed Asghar Ali Shah2, Jaffar Ali3, Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal4, Arshadullah Jadoon5 and Farmanullah6
...ripur 46 percent farmers traded the pea’s output in the local markets. The left over peas output in both the selected districts were offered for sale in the regional markets that is Rawalpindi and Peshawar markets. The 82 percent of the peas producers availed the price discrepancy at different stage, and the remaining of 18 percent have not gained profit from their prevailing price deviation, as at premature stage the pea’s producers sold their out...
Asad Ullah1, Umar Sadique Khattak2, Sultan Ayaz1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2, Imad Khan1, Ibad Ullah Jan2, Irfan Khattak1, Raheela Taj3, Sahar Nigar4, Naimat Ullah Khan1,Mumtaz Ali Khan5 and Muhammad Luqman Sohail6,*
...y comparative cervical intradermal tuberculin test (CCIT) for detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection. Data regarding socio-demographic status, risk factors and farming practices were gathered through a pre-form questionnaire. Results revealed that prevalence of bovine tuberculosis was 5.88%. Statistical analysis revealed significant association of age (OR= 3.267; CI = 1.686-6.331) and herd size (OR = 2.600; CI = 1.421-4.760) with CCIT positivity. Si...
Qudrat Ullah1,*, Huma Jamil1, Zafar Iqbal Qureshi1, Muhammad Saqib2 and Heinrich Neubauer3
...tii, acts as a major trade barricade and adversely affects the productive and reproductive capabilities of animals. This study was planned to investigate the sero-prevalence of Coxiellosis and its relationship with some important risk factors in small ruminants kept at nine government livestock farms of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 1000 blood samples (500 each from goats and sheep) were collected from animals kept at the respective livestock farms. An indi...
Amjad Ali1, Abbas Ullah Jan1, Lal Almas2, Noor Piao Khan1 and Khurran Nawaz Saddozai1
...ccording to agricultural trade experts Pakistan need to reduce cost of production in order to compete in the international market. At national level food group exports decline from 3,439.4 million US$ during 2015 to 3040.7 in 2016. Increase in productivity and efficiency has been the major concern for agricultural researchers and policy makers in Pakistan. In current study allocative efficiency of sugarcane growers in district Charsadda was worked out with fro...
Hafiz Muhammad Umer Qaisar1, Tanveer Ahmad2, Muhammad Rizwan3*, Muhammad Saqib1
Antimicrobial efficacy of combination of lincomycin and spiramycin (Lispiracin™) as systemic dry cow therapy for controlling bovine mastitis
...mycin
(Lispiracin™) for controlling bovine mastitis through systemic dry period therapy,
present study was designed. A total of 20 dry pregnant cows were selected
randomly at the end of lactation and divided into two equal G1 and G2 groups.
Group G1 was treated with lincomycin@ 5mg/kg (IM) and spiramycin@ 10 mg/kg
(IM) (Inj. lispiracin®) at end of lactation and at 14th day pre calving while group G2
was kept ...
(Lispiracin™) for controlling bovine mastitis through systemic dry period therapy,
present study was designed. A total of 20 dry pregnant cows were selected
randomly at the end of lactation and divided into two equal G1 and G2 groups.
Group G1 was treated with lincomycin@ 5mg/kg (IM) and spiramycin@ 10 mg/kg
(IM) (Inj. lispiracin®) at end of lactation and at 14th day pre calving while group G2
was kept ...
Shahid Yousaf1*, Salman Khurshid1, Saqib Arif1, Hafiza Mehwish Iqbal1, Qurrat ul Ain Akbar1, Najmus Sahar1 and Ghulam Rasul2
...l role in processing and trade. Many techniques have been introduced to evaluate wheat quality. Near Infrared (NIR) is one of the suitable techniques that have an advantage of rapid response over other techniques. But investigations are needed to check its reliability on determining important quality parameters. The study therefore has been designed to evaluate the efficiency of NIR in comparison with standard techniques. Thirty samples of wheat (including 11 ...
Bata Shalangwa Ishaku1, Batim Turdam1, Maimadu Abdullahi1, Waziri Ibrahim Anjili2 and Mayowa Olabode2
Scale of Illegal Killing and Trade Associated with Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) in Pakistan
Muhammad Waseem1, Ahmed Raza1, Hamera Aisha1, Muhammad Naeem Awan1, Tariq Ahmad2, Rabia Nazir2 and Tariq Mahmood2,*
...hreatened by the rampant trade of the species, and has been listed as endangered since 2014 and also included in Appendix-I of CITES. The IUCN estimates indicate a decrease of ≥ 50% in the global Indian pangolin population over the next 21 years, highlighting the need for protecting the species against illegal trade. In the current study, we investigated the scale of its poaching and illegal trade...
Ambreen Leghari1,2, Asghar Ali Kamboh2,*, Shakeel Ahmed Lakho1, Faiz Muhammad Khand1, Kanwar Kumar Malhi2,3, Iqra Bano Chandio4, Seema Baloch5 and Jan Mohammad Shah4
...creened through single intradermal tuberculin test (SITT) and both positive and negative reactors of SITT were further investigated through rapid test. Attempts were also made to isolate the Mycobacterium bovis organism from the milk and nasal secretions of cattle using the Lowenstein-Jensen media. An overall prevalence of 34.38% was recorded by rapid test that was higher (P< 0.001) than SITT (3.13%) and culture test (2.50%). A somewhat higher preval...
Taimoor Khalid*, Asad Ullah and Mussawar Shah
Rakhshanda Kousar1, Tahira Sadaf1*, Muhammad Sohail Amjad Makhdum2, Muhammad Amjed Iqbal1 and Raza Ullah1
Ahmad Ali1,2,* and Aleem Ahmed Khan1
...re commonly captured and traded. Total eight falcon capturing techniques i.e. bal-chatri, dho-gaza, piddam, jacket, socks-ball, nest-net, adda and laggar falcon (Falco jugger)/white eyed buzzard (Butastur teesa) as bait technique were recorded. Out of these eight techniques two i.e. sock-ball and laggar falcon (F. jugger) /white eyed buzzard (B. teesa) as bait technique were documented for the first time. The size of sock bal...
Muhammad Furqan Shahid1*, Tahir Yaqub1, Muhammad Yasin Tipu2, Asim Aslam2, Saima Yaqub1, Aziz-ul-Rahman3, Muzaffar Ali1
...exceptional abatement in trade of poultry products in endemic countries such as Pakistan. The current study was conducted to evaluate the infectious and antigenic potential of three different AIV (A/H9N2) variants isolated from commercial, backyard poultry and fancy birds (partridge). Commercial broiler birds were infected experimentally at the dose of 106 EID50 by using these three isolates. Results revealed that onset of clinical signs ...
Anand Kushwaha, Amit Kumar, Aparna Madhavan, Durga Goswami, Golmei Poulinlu and Gnanavel Venkatesan*
...ortality rate and animal trade restrictions. Though several diagnostics including molecular tools are available, recombinant protein based diagnostic assays namely ELISA is safer and robust to handle large sample size and also to minimize labor/time. However, the genus Capripoxvirus encodes putative 147 proteins in their genome, among which some of them are reported as potential immunogenic candidate genes. Selection and use of such candidate immunogenic prote...
Tanweer Ahmed1*, Kashif Saeed Khan1, Zilakat Khan Malik1, Fazal Wahid1 and Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal2
...h, road length, defence, trade openness, worker remittances, total cropped area and economic growth. Pakistan’ economic growth rate fluctuated from 1972 to 2014. During this period for some years, the economic growth was high while it slowed down in some years. The study utilised Annual time series data from 1972 to 2014. Empirical evidence suggests that public spending has a significant positive influence on economic growth. Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF...
Bilal Atta1*, Muhammad Rizwan1, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Muhammad Dildar Gogi2, Muhammad Sabar1, Bakhtawar3, Faizan Ali3 and Mehran Sarwar3
...nce for alive insects in trade commodities, synthetic pesticides are often used to eliminate pest infestation in consignments. Phosphine is currently one and the only acceptable chemical used in stored grains, but due to their overuse, stored grain pests become resistant to this fumigant. There is, therefore, a great need to find alternatives. In this study insecticidal efficacy of different plant extracts viz. Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Neem (Azadirachta i...
Hassan Boulahyaoui1,2*, Sanaa Alaoui Amine1,3, Marouane Melloul4, Farida Hilali5, Elmostafa El-Fahime1,3, Saad Mrani1,2 and Nadia Touil1,5*
... vaccinated with Rotarix™. After RNA virus extraction, the rotavirus VP7 and VP4 genes were amplified. The DNA was purified, sequenced and genotypes were determined using the RotaC online classification tool. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the Maximum Likelihood method applying the Tamura 3-parameter model in MEGA 6.06 package and statistically supported by bootstrapping with 1000 replicates. The amino acid sequences of the antigenic regions o...
Md. Sahidur Rahman
Origin and Spillover of Coronaviruses: Prospects of One Health Action
... intermediate host. Wild trade, ecotourism, destruction of wild habitat, and other anthropogenic activities disrupt the human-wildlife barrier which leads to the spillover process. In these circumstances, a One Health approach is crucial to implement multisectoral collaborative action among physicians, veterinarians, wildlife experts, epidemiologists, environmental scientists, and microbiologists to curb the COVID-19. One health encourages joint disease survei...
Inam Ur Rahman1, Syed Faizan Iftikhar2, Sanam Wagma Khattak3*, Wajahat Ali1, Azra4 and Sajad Ali1
South Asian Experience of Trade Liberalization: Implications for Food Security
...ploring the link between trade liberalization and food security various dimensions, in the case of selected South Asian economies. The descriptive analysis revealed that Pakistan is the most and Nepal is the least food secure country in the region. Moreover, at country level the food availability and accessibility has lower values, where most of the countries are below the regional average values. While exploring the implications of tr...
Zarqa Khalid1*, Muhammad Asad ur Rehman Naseer1, Raza Ullah1 and Shahzad Khan2
Measuring the Global Trade Competitiveness of Pakistan’s Cotton Crop
...study aims to assess the trade competitiveness of cotton crop for the world’s 10 leading cotton exporters using revealed comparative advantage indices and relative competitive advantage indices such as Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), Relative Import Advantage (RMA), Relative Export Advantage (RXA) and Relative Trade Advantage (RTA). The data were taken from the Int...
Abdul Hafeez1*, Akhtar Nawaz Khan2 and Zahid Ullah3
...rage and suffer from the trade-off of an insufficiently rigorous sampling rate. Furthermore, the phases leading to useful decision-making often follows pre- and post-processing in a subjective manner, which is tedious, time-consuming and erroneous. An important and an unrealized need of these systems is the real-time answer from the acquired data, which is often multi-dimensional and at remarkably high-resolution. The inherit noise in the data is another major...
Muneer Abbas1*, Dilbar Hussain2, Muhammad Saleem2, Abdul Ghaffar2, Sohail Abbas3, Niaz Hussain1 and Abdul Ghaffar1
...idae) has endangered the trade of Pakistani fruits in foreign markets. Use of IPM is best way to control fruit fly by avoiding harmful insecticidal spray application in order to save natural enemies and environment. Experiment was conducted in three guava, citrus and mango producing districts of Punjab i.e. Faisalabad, Sargodha, Toba Tek Singh with five treatments. Each experimental unit comprised of 1 ha area. Five treatments viz. A=sanitation, ...
Dabesa Wegari and Fikiru Temesgen Gelata*
...ducers, 30 fatteners, 20 traders, 10 butchers, 12 hotels, 10 consumers and other institution actors; totally 476 respondents by using interview schedule, site visit and personal observation. Data analysis was made using descriptive and inferential statistics. In the study areas, the major beef cattle value chain actors were input suppliers, producers, traders, fatteners, processors, retailers, consumers and governmental and ...
Umair Riaz1*, Shazia Iqbal2, Muhammad Irfan Sohail2, Tayyaba Samreen2, Muhammad Ashraf1, Fatima Akmal2, Ayesha Siddiqui3, Ijaz Ahmad4, Muhammad Naveed5, Naveed Iqbal Khan5 and Rao Masood Akhter6
...ational level. The world trade in botanicals is US $ 32.702 billion and Asian botanical trade is for US $ 14.505 billion with 6.634 million tones and accounts for 44.35 per cent and 53.13 per cent of world trade in terms of value and volume, respectively. Following the leading role of China with 1.48% share in MAPs exports, India is second largest exporter of MAPS with 8.75% share in Asian...
Faheem Aslam1,*, Aneel Salman2, Inayatullah Jan3 and Sarah Siddiq Aneel4
...e Development Goals; and trade in water-intensive crops. Both governments can learn from each other and update their respective water policies in the light of these quantitative findings.
...
Naveed Ali1, Umar Hayat1*, Shahid Ali1, Muhammad Imad Khan1 and Sanam Wagma Khattak2
...r, this study introduces trade openness, human capital, and income as important control variables of agriculture value-added. To serve this purpose, this study utilizes CS-ARDL approach. The results of long-run estimates show that financial development, income, trade openness and human capital are important factors explaining agricultural productivity. Moreover, the study finds an inverted-U shaped nexus between financial de...
Assefa Tessema Tecklie1*, Abebe Getahun Gubale1, Seyoum Mengistou Yilma1, Tadesse Fetahi Hailu1 and Eshete Dejen Diresilign2
...ddition to this, 30 fish traders and 8 fish hotel owners specialized in fish dish were used as key informants. The average age of fishermen was around 36 which were in active force age group (< 65 years). Most (97%) of the fishermen used gillnets imported from Egypt with mesh size of 4-6 cm stretched mesh size < 8 cm which is the national standard. There are three commercially important fish species, common carp (Cyprinus carpio), Nile tilapia (
Mansour, L. L.*; Othman, B. A. **; Abd-EL Ghaffar, M. H. **; Eman, M. Marai** and Sahar, A. Youssef*
...nent was cloned into PCR™-4-TOPO vector (3.956~kb) and were
transformed using minipreperation method. Component-6 was sequenced to
determine the phylogenetic with other published isolates. Phylogenetic tree showed
the identity percentage of Egyptian isolate group of BBTV-component- 6 with
component 6 of Indian, Taiwanese and Pakistani isolates group was 97%, whereas
it was 84% in case ofChinese ...
Lamya A. F. Ateya1 , Said. A .Ahmed2, Khamees K.S. Ashraf3, Heba A. Abdel-Hady4
...he inter-national animal trade. The preventive vaccinations followed by sero-survey have been implemented for the control of FMD. Objectives: 3ABC ELISA is highly effective for early identification of infected and vaccinated animals. Our study was designed for assessment of vaccination by local and imported FMD vaccines in cattle sera in Kalubeya Governorate. Methods: 220 serum samples were tested for FMD NSP by 3ABC Trapping ELISA.20 serum samples were used a...
Mohamed F. ElKersh1, Fatma M. Abdalla2, Gamilat K. Farg2, Soad A. Nasef3, Ahmed A. Ali2
... of poultry produced and traded in Egypt. These samples were isolated on SPF eggs, detected for AIV infection Via HA, RT-PCR and gene sequencing. We analyzed the sequence on gene bank to compare it with the other AIV strains
Results: We found 35 and 55 samples showed positive result for H5 and H9 respectively. After sequencing and comparing with the other AIV strains we found that the isolated strains showed close similarity with the AIV strains th...
Reema Zia* and Noor Paio Khan
...ger position towards WTO trade liberalization in the rice sector. Pakistan would not need to change any of its policies and would benefit from trade liberalization due to the expansion of rice production when world prices of rice rise as a result of the reduction of support in other countries....
Inam Ur Rahman1, Sanam Wagma Khattak2*, Muhammad Israr3 and Saima Hashim4
...owth, poverty reduction, trade opportunities, increased global security and stability, and improved health and health care. The current study is an attempt to analyze food security situation in Pakistan. Food security, being a multi-dimensional phenomenon comprises of Food Availability, Food Accessibility, Food Utilization and Food Stability is calculated through linear scaling technique. The study has developed two thresholds each one for overall developing c...
Esraa Yosry Abdel Halim1, Hamdy El-Essawy1, Abeer Abdel Nasser Awad1, Mona S. El-Kutry2, Lamiaa Ibrahim Ahmed1*
...espread of international trade mandate the microbial evaluation of the imported dairy products. In the present study, ninety random samples of imported milk powder, labneh and cheddar cheese from New Zealand, Ireland, Turkey, Poland, Netherlands, European Union and Switzerland were collected from the Egyptian markets then were investigated organoleptically and microbiologically. The sensory evaluation revealed that the majority of the examined labneh and chedd...
Yongjie Xue1, Jinling Yan1, Huifeng Zhao1*, Haijing Zheng2 and Changhai Ma1
... survival. International trade not only affects the production, but also the consumption, of animal products in the domestic market. The question of whether domestic animal husbandry can develop independently in an open country is an interesting one. Through an empirical study of China’s beef cattle industry, this paper answers a common question in academia, political circles, and business circles from the perspective of animal husbandry, namely, what ki...
Muhammad Qasim Mazari1, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro1,*, Hasina Baloch1, Muhammad Saleem Kalhoro2, Shahid Hussain Abro1, Rehana Buriro1, Asmatullah Kaka1, Fahmida Parveen1, Mazhar Hussain Mangi3, Ghulam Murtaza Lochi1, Abdul Ahad Soomro4, Ali Gul Soomro1, Abdul Ghaffar Abbasi1 and Sarfraz Hussain Depar1
...creened through Single Intradermal Tuberculin Test (SITT) then positive and negative reactors of SITT were further investigated through Rapid BTB Ab test, culture examination and ELISA test. Risk factors such as sex, age, health status, lactating, non-lactating and breed were also investigated. In district Mirpurkhas prevalence was 4%, 15%, 2%, 1%, while in district Badin it was 5%, 18%, 3%, 2% through SITT, Rapid BTB Ab test, culture examination and ELISA tes...
Anjum Ara1, Usman Ali1, Muhammad Furqan2*, Zulfiqar Ali2,
Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad3, Khawaja Basharat Ahmed4,
Riaz Aziz Minhas4, Waqar Ahmed2, Zakir Hussain2 and Mian Aman Ullah2
...to reduce illegal turtle trade and conserve these important species....
Shumaila Nazir1, Iqbal Javed1, Muhammad Luqman2* and Azra3
...d from the international trade center, Federal Bureau of Statistics; Islamabad, Pakistan Economic Survey, and International Financial Statistics. Domestic prices of Kinnow were obtained from Pakistan Statistical Yearbook. Exchange rate data was taken from the State Bank of Pakistan. The results of system GMM (Generalized Method of Moment) shows that domestic prices, domestic exchange rate, distance were significant and negatively influenced on both equations; ...
Heba Mohamed Shaheen1, Ali Meawad Ahmed1*, Hosny Abdelltief Abdelrahman1, Rania Helmy Abohatab Abdou2, Aya Salama Mohamed Kamel1
...ems in the broilers meat traded at Ismailia City, Egypt. Cooking by simmering is the best method guarantee consumers almost safe of broiler chicken meat.
Hilarius Yosef Sikone1*, Budi Hartono2, Suyadi2, Bambang Ali Nugroho2
...collect respondents from traders and butchers). Samples used in the study were 115 respondents consisting of 90 farmers, ten collectors, four inter-island cattle traders, six cattle butchers, and five meat retailers. The data was analyzed quantitatively, the presentation of the data was descriptive, and the added value of marketing was calculated using the Hayami method. The supply chain channel that occurs was quite simple,...
Assessment on Coffee Cherry Flour of Mengani Arabica Coffee, Bali, Indonesia as Iron Non-Heme Source
Roy Hendroko Setyobudi1, Erkata Yandri2, Yogo Adi Nugroho3, Mardiana Sri Susanti4,
Satriyo Krido Wahono5, Wahyu Widodo1, Lili Zalizar1, Elfi Anis Saati1, Maftuchah Maftuchah1,
Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum6, Muhannad Illayan Massadeh6, Dwi Yono3, Rangga Kala Mahaswa7,
Herry Susanto2, Damat Damat1*, Dyah Roeswitawati1, Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani8 and
Susi Mindarti1
...has been compared to CCF traded in La Boite, New York. CP samples were picked from the pulper, oven-dried at 80 °C for 15 h, and then grounded using a coffee grinder. Analyses on Mengani’s CCF and La Boite’s comprised Fe content (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer) as well as five enhancer agents – vitamin C (Iodimetric titration), beta carotene (UV-Vis spectrophotometer), amino acid (amino acid analyzer), and reduci...
Muhammad Zaeem Abbas1, Khurram Ashfaq1, Amjad Islam Aqib2, Mughees Aizaz Alvi1*, Muhammad Haleem Tayyab1, Muzafar Ghafoor1, Muhammad Usman Naseer3, Ali Abbas4 and Ali Hassan1
...nd Abbott Precision Xtra™ meter to assess the ketone bodies levels. We observed a total of eight out of 96 (8.33%) buffaloes positive for ketosis. The peak prevalence (13.3%) of ketosis was detected during the third week of lactation. Animals with body condition score >4 (15%), buffaloes yielding 18 liter milk in a day (33.3%), buffaloes in 3rd parity (11.1%), and 8-9 years old buffaloes (11.1%) were identified to be at higher risk of ketosis. A signi...
Shujaat Hussain1*, Muhammad Saqib1, Khurram Ashfaq1 and Zia ud Din Sindhu2
...burnetii, serve as a key trade barrier and adversely influence the productive and reproductive potential of animals. The current investigation was designed to determine the selective hemato-biochemical variations in dromedary camels due to subclinical coxiellosis. The study encompassed two groups viz, one group of 20 C. burnetii positive camel identified by Real time PCR and second group of 20 healthy camels (Real time PCR negative) used as control. The studen...
Shou-Dong Zhang1,2,3, Dao-Xin Liu1,2, Dan Mou1, Tong-Zuo Zhang2, Jian-Ping Su2 and Jiu-Xiang Xie1*
... that there were obvious trade-offs between choosing to gain nutrients and avoiding disadvantageous secondary plant metabolites....
Muhammad Younis1, Sami Ullah1, Fathul Bari1, Muhammad Asif2, Muhammad Ilyas2, Mahvish Rauf2, Ejaz Ur Rehman3, Rubina Noor4, Muhammad Arif4 and Muhammad Ali Nawaz5*
...riggered camera (Reconyx™) with infrared flash were deployed for a period of 47 days. The survey resulted in 1052 functional trap nights obtaining 5906 photographs. Results of the study show that large carnivores like common leopard, grey wolf, Himalayan lynx are present in the National Park. Snow leopard which used to be a symbol of fame for the National Park was not detected in the current study. Among other meso-carnivores golden jackal, leopard cat a...
Neni Widaningsih1,2*, Budi Hartono2, Hari Dwi Utami2, Eni Siti Rohaeni3
...t profit share are large traders.
Keywords | Livestock, Swamp Buffalo, Marketing, Margins
...
Mochamad Rizal Umami1, Zainuri*2, Sebastiana Viphindrartin2 and Rafael Purtomo Somaji2
...in shaping the sugarcane trade system during the pandemic. This research is a qualitative research that uses primary data from interviews with key informants by multistage sampling technique. The data processing includes data reduction, data display using Decision Explorer version 3.3 software. Data were analyzed through descriptive methods and content analysis. The study found that the COVID-19 pandemic formed a new pattern of sugarcane trading system, switch...
Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi1*, Mariam Temitope Baker2 and Gabriel Ademola Olatunji2
...c acid ethyl ester and tetradecanoic acid as the major components while the infra red spectral diagnostic signals agree with the expected vibrational frequencies corresponding to C-H and carbonyl C=O functional groups of fatty acid and esters. Jew’s mallow plants infected with Meloidogyne incognita on the field were treated with the fatty acid esters (FAE) and compared to deionised water and carbofuran as control in two season trials. There was increase ...
Farid S. Nassar1,2, Abdulaziz M. Alsahlawi3, Mohammad A. Al-Mahaish4, Ahmed O. Abbas1,2*, Abdulaziz A. Alaqil1, Nancy N. Kamel5
...uded 360 unsexed Cobb500™ commercial broiler chicks aged 1 day and weighing 46±1.5 g. Starting from the 22nd to the 42nd d of age, the chicks were randomly distributed according to the dietary inclusion levels of MWM into six treatment groups (6 replicate pens per group × 10 chicks per replicate, considering the equal ratio of males to females in each replicate). The first group of birds was fed a control finisher diet containing soybean-cor...
Saba Iqbal1, Salman Khurshid1*, Hafiza Mehwish Iqbal1, Qurrat-Ul-Ain Akbar1, Aqeel Ahmed Siddique3, Saqib Arif1, Shahid Yousaf2, Masooma Munir4, Abdul Karim Khan4, Shazia Arif5, Abdul Ahad6 and Muhammad Arif7
... local and international trade. In addition to the NIR-spectroscopy, wheat grain samples were also analyzed through standard methods for hardness such as hardness index (HI) and particle size index (PSI). Samples had hardness scores ranging between 55.5 and 79.1. A positive correlation shown among the values of NIRS and HI (r = 0.92). However, PSI values were weakly related to HI (r = -0.46) and NIR (r = -0.30) values. The grouping of data further suggested th...
Sajid Mehmood Shahzad
...rsistent issues with the trade and payments balance and inflation, unemployment, and program inconsistency. This is one area where the maritime sector has been a quarry for years. Contrary to the maritime transportation industry, fisheries are the only coastal resource used nowadays. The maritime sector of Pakistan’s economy is becoming less viable as rising maritime vulnerabilities lead to decreased commerce and taxes. Here we look at Pakistan’s m...
A.S. Gamal El din1; Sohair I. El-Afifi2; A. S. Sadik 2; Nashwa M. A. Abd El-Mohsen1; and H. M. Abdelmaksoud1
...was purified by softlink™ soft release avidin resin. About 2.85 mg/ml of the expressed protein was purified from I L of bacterial culture....
Hala A. Amin1; A. Barakat2; A.A. Abou Zeid1
...vector plasmid (Pinpoint™ Xa3, Promega) with a fragment of biotin binding protein (BBP-rCTV-CP) was highly expressed and purified from E. coli cell culture. Antiserum obtained from rabbits after injection with the BBP-rCTV-CP fusion protein showed comparable reactivity in the serological detection of CTV. This antiserum could be used at dilution or 1: 10.000 at the detection stage in an indirect ELISA (IDAS-ELISA) and was efficient for trapping the virus...
Muhammad Arshad Iqbal*, Aamir Ghafoor, Irfan Ahmad, Muhammad Ijaz
...blic health concerns and trade restrictions. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has been investigated as potential probiotic. The study involves the evaluation of competitive exclusion ability of B. amyloliquefaciens against S. Enteritidis and Cl. perfringens. A total of 180 commercial broiler chickens were obtained from local hatchery and were reared for 42 days. Three groups (A, B, C) of birds were divided into 3 subgroups with 20 birds in each group. Group A (-ve c...
Martin-Luther Oseni Okolo1, Monday Eneojo Akor1, Cornelius Arome Omatola1*, Zainab Penninah Ochada1, Ugbane Eleojo Okolo2, Benjamin Mudi Idache3, Andrew Isiramen4, Julius Akor Omatola5 and Moses Adaji David6
... those who identified as traders (2.16%) and civil servants (1.79%). Yet among patients who identified as students, no incident of TB was observed. Patients with secondary education had the highest prevalence (3.08%) followed by patients with tertiary education (1.58%). Patients with no formal education and primary education had no co-infection. Between the sociodemographic factors that were assessed and the HIV patients who had TB infection, there was no stat...
Rashid Saraz1, Saiqa Amur1, Zia-ul-Hassan1*, Naheed Akhter Talpur1, Inayatullah Rajpar1, Muhammad Sohail Memon2, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro3, Khalid Hussain Talpur1 and Nizamuddin Depar4
...ith Magellan® Triton™ 200 GPS device. Efforts were made to include all agriculturally important union councils of six talukas, involving a variety of soil use and crop scenarios, viz. wheat, sugarcane, mango, brassica. Soil texture (Bouyoucos Hydrometer method), electrical conductivity and pH (1:2 soil-water extract), organic matter (Walkley-Black method), and ABDTPA (Ammonium bicarbonate diethylene triamine penta acetic acid) extractable phosphorus ...
Mohammed Naji Odhah1,2, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse1*, Bura Thlama Paul3,4, Bashiru Garba5, Zaid Mahmood1, Eric Lim Teik Chung6, Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila7
... group) was inoculated intradermally with 2 ml of sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS-pH 7); Group B (Mycolic acid group) was inoculated intradermally with 2 ml of immunogenic Mycolic acid extract (1g /ml); while group C (Positive control group) was inoculated intradermally with 2 ml of 109 colony-forming unit of live C. pseudotuberculosis. All the animals were observed for 90 days post...
Asif Sadam1*, Rahmat Ullah Khan2, Karim Gabol2*, Muhammad Awais3,4, Mohammad Ismail1, Sajid Mahmood1, Muhammad Aslam4 and Hamidullah5
...d to hunting and illegal trade of waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus in a remote villages of district Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Data were collected by adopting a mix scientific approach including Participants’ observations, interviews and structured questionnaire. Our results showed that the local villagers of the remote area of district Mardan were the active observers of trapping, over hunting and trading of waterhen in the study area. The str...
Jemi Diporianto1,4, Denny Widaya Lukman2*, Yusuf Ridwan3
...nt of wild boar meat for trade. Wild boars are more likely to transmit Trichinella spp. than domestic pigs due to the lack of animal health monitoring in wildlife. This study aimed to assess the risk of introducing Trichinella spp. in wild boar meat transportation from Bengkulu Province to Java Island through Bakauheni Port, Lampung Province. The study was conducted from October to December 2022 in Bengkulu Province, Lampung Province, and Jakarta Province, Ind...
Saad Tahir, Nadeem Ahmed*, Mohsin Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Akram, Rabia Abbas and Kausar Malik
...st resistance for Zeocin™ was selected for protein expression which produced to >350mg/L HSA-SK fusion protein. Further, affinity chromatography was carried out for the purification of the HSA-SK fusion protein. SDS-PAGE, western blot, and RP-HPLC analysis were also conducted, which confirmed the 98% purity of the product with 40% yeild having a molecular weight of almost 111kDa. The purified fusion protein (HSA-SK) was also verified via western blott...
Sajid Mehmood Shahzad
...ulative $8.36 million in trade volume. This review article uses a descriptive approach to understand Pakistan’s potential and the state of its seaweed trade.
...
Kanda Yanuar Muhamad1,3, Trioso Purnawarman2, Chaerul Basri2*
...areness of importers and traders play a crucial role in mitigating the emergence of such potential risks. This research aimed to assess the level of knowledge among importers and sellers of reptiles concerning diseases that may be transmitted by these animals. A survey was conducted involving 113 employees working in reptile import and sales businesses all around Indonesia, utilizing the snowball sampling method. Data was collected through structured questionn...
M. Azalou1,3*, C. C. Kpomasse1, A. S. Assani3,4, I. T. Alkoiret3,4, Wéré Pitala1,2
... whose main activity was trade (56.1%); group 2 was composed of secondary level herders whose main activity was agriculture (59.38%); and group 3 included public servants (27.59%) with university-level education. As for the feeding of the geese, Group 3 fed more feed than Groups 1 and 2, where the majority of farmers used cereals, agro-industrial by-products, and food waste (p<0.05). The farming method and the total number of birds varied between rearing gr...
Makmun1, Imam Mujahidin Fahmid2, Muhammad Saleh S. Ali2*, Muhammad Yamin Saud2, Rahmadanih3
...lectors/middlemen, local traders, inter-regional/island traders, and cooperatives. The growing demand for chicken eggs and the rapid capital turnover that is the primary incentive for business actors to pursue the chicken farming industry are the fundamental causes of the vast number of farmers’ business players in Blitar Regency. The large-scale accessibility of production elements is another consideration. The actors...
Budianto Panjaitan1, Husnurrizal Husnurrizal2, V.Y. Edward3, D.A. Nishcaya3, Teuku Armansyah4, Tongku Nizwan Siregar2, Mulyadi Adam5, Arman Sayuti1, Amalia Sutriana4, Hafizuddin Hafizuddin2*
...mg PGF2α (Lutalyse™, dinoprost, tromethamine) 1 hour before semen collection, while in treatment 2 (P2), the semen collection was carried out 2 hours after PGF2α administration. The treatment was performed five times in alternate weeks. Semen collection was performed using an artificial vagina once a week for ten weeks. Testosterone concentrations were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The average spermatozo...
Wali Muhammad Mangrio1*, Hakim Ali Sahito1, Faheem Ahmed Jatoi1 and Fahmeeda Imdad Sahito2
...on, citriuculture is the trademark industry and Citrus limon fruits are regarded as table fruit, rich content of vitamin “C” appreciated due to delicious taste with high economic and medicinal value. The present research work indicates the per hectare lemon benefit cost ratio, gross returns and net returns were benefited to Lemon cultivation in this area and proved that the Lemon growers earning profit in changing situation. Previously there is no ...
Thuong Thi Nguyen1*, Nhu Quynh Ho1, Thuan Khanh Nguyen2, Tuan Phong Vu Anh Vo3, Hai Thanh Duong4
...nd analyzing by DataFlow™ II management software. SCR chips were implanted in cow’s necks to monitor their rumination indexes and physical activities. Based on rumination time and milk yield data, the alerts of Health–milked from cows HIS < 75 units were reported daily. Of 250 cows 0-90 days of milking, 205 cows had at least one disease, and 45 were healthy. The SCR system sensitivity was 58.33%. Rumination alerts recorded 345 alerts, incl...
Hanita Fadhilla1, Shafia Khairani1,2*, Ahmad Fitrah3, Wendi Prameswari4, Nur Purba Priambada4, Indri Saptorini4, Imam Arifin4
...habitat loss and illegal trade. Despite their protected status, slow lorises are often hunted using air rifles. This study aims to evaluate the effects of air rifle wounds in slow lorises, identify hot spot areas for improved habitat protection, and develop standard operating procedures for veterinarians in rehabilitation centers. From 2015 to 2022, 16 individual cases of air rifle shot to slow lorises were documented by Yayasan Inisiasi Alam Rehabilitasi Indo...
Apurbo Kumar Mondal1, Md. Rabiul Auwul2, Md. Momotaj Hossen3, Md. Sodrul Islam1*, Narayan Paudyal4, Md. Shahidul Islam1 and Kazi Khalid Ibne Khalil1
...and international animal trade globally. Meta-analysis serves as the most suitable approach for obtaining pooled data from individual studies. This study aimed at using a random-effects model of meta-analysis to compile the estimates of the global prevalence and potential risk factors of PPR among sheep and goats. Based on the selection criteria and quality assessment score, 40 peer-reviewed publications were included in the final database for the meta-analysi...
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Global Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Virus in Sheep and Goats: A Meta-Analysis
Apurbo Kumar Mondal, Md. Rabiul Auwul, Md. Momotaj Hossen, Md. Sodrul Islam, Narayan Paudyal, Md. Shahidul Islam and Kazi Khalid Ibne Khalil
Veterinary Sciences: Research and Reviews, Vol.10, Iss.1, Pages 1-14
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