Phytochemical Composition and In vitro Anthelmintic activity of Combretum micranthum G. Don Leaf Extracts on Haemonchus contortus of Small Ruminants
Phytochemical Composition and In vitro Anthelmintic activity of Combretum micranthum G. Don Leaf Extracts on Haemonchus contortus of Small Ruminants
Tianhoun Denté Fidèle1,2*, Meda Nãg-Tiéro Roland2, Zabré Geneviève3, Koama Benjamin2, Kaboré Adama1, Tamboura H. Hamidou1, Bélem Adrien Marie Gaston4
ABSTRACT
The incidence of gastrointestinal parasitosis associated with resistance to conventional anthelmintics observed in small ruminants has led to the development of alternative strategies focusing on the use of medicinal plants. Thus, the present study was carried out to assay total phenolics and evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of aqueous and hydroacetone extracts of Combretum micranthum leaves on the parasite Haemonchus contortus. Following phytochemical assay, five increasing concentrations (0.6; 1.2; 2.4; 4.8 and 9.6 mg/ml) of the two extracts were prepared and tested for egg hatching and larval development in the presence of positive (Albendazole) and negative (PBS) controls. Aqueous and hydroacetonic extracts of C. micranthum significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) parasite life stages comparatively to negative control (PBS). Similarly, concentrations of both plant extracts inhibited egg hatching and larval development of the parasite in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) for egg hatching ranged from 2.189 and 2.994 mg/ml for the hydroacetone and aqueous extracts respectively, and that for larval development was 1.970 for the hydroacetone extract and 2.761 mg/ml for the aqueous extract. The addition of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) to the extracts showed that the tannins present were responsible for the bioactivity observed in both plant extracts. These results show that plant extracts have an effect on H. contortus and could serve as an alternative to synthetic anthelmintics. However, in vivo anthelmintic and toxicity tests should be considered in order to confirm their use by the farming community.
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