Virological Evaluation of Drinking Water in Egypt
Virological Evaluation of Drinking Water in Egypt
Azzami, Mohamed 1.; Hakiml , Aya Salah El-Din; Othman2, Badawi A. and 2 El-Dougoug, Khaled A.
ABSTRACT
This study aims to evaluate the inlet and outlet water of the Nile River at El-Rayah El-Menofy in three drinking water stations during the four seasons at 2007-2009. The water samples were ultrafiltered to concentrate coliphages, enteric and H5Nl viruses. Coliphages infecting Escherichia coli were detected in both of sewage polluted samples and chlorinated water samples especially in warmer seasons, however, maximum counts were recorded during summer and the minimal were detected in winter. The viruses obtained by ultrafiltration process were negatively stained with 2% phosphotungstic acid. Electron microscopy revealed that the phage particles had an isometric head and long-contractile tail. Some particles appeared to have a short tail with full heads, the bacteriophage resembles those belong to the Myoviridae family. Enteroviruses were detected using RT-PCR and real-time-RT-PCR in inlet water of El-Bagour and Shibin ElKom stations in summer season, while H5N1 was not detected in all sites throughout four seasons. The viruses obtained by ultrafiltration process were negatively stained with 2% phosphotungestic acid. Electron microscopy revealed that human virus particles were of 24-30 nm in diameter and an isometric structure. The virus resembles those belong to the picomaviridae family.
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