Mirza Imran Shahzad1,*, Anna Iqbal2, Farrah Ali1, Nuzhat Sial3, Muhammad Ashfaq4, Abul Hasanat5 and Azra Khanum6
...ory in nature. Sonicated fractions were on second order to produce antimicrobial activities. The freeze thaw method was least effective in secreting active antimicrobial agents from tested bacteria. From the present study it is concluded that microbes are natural reservoir of antimicrobial compounds.
...
Xiaopeng Tang1,3, Rong Xiang1, Sijia Chen1,3, Shufen Yang1,3, Hu Liu1,3, Rejun Fang1,3,* and Aike Li2,*
...no acid (AA) and peptide fractions, and the AA digestibility and metabolic energy of fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM) and enzymatic hydrolyzed cotton seed meal (EHCSM) in white leghorn roosters. Firstly, CSM were fermented with Aspergillus niger, or hydrolyzed with alcalase and flavourzyme. Secondly, a total of 32 white leghorn roosters with similar body weight (1.95± 0.14 kg) were randomly assigned into 1 of 4 treatments, 1) starvation grou...
Burcu Onuk1,*, Murat Kabak1, Bünyamin Sahin2 and Nazan Gezer İnce3
...were examined and volume fractions of the nasal cavity and nasal structures were estimated. Heads of animals were scanned in computed tomography. The images were sampled randomly at a 1/5 sampling fraction. 11-16 sections for the stork and 16-20 sections for the seagull were examined. The sectional surface areas of the total nasal cavity, nasal septum, nasal space and conchae were estimated using the Cavalieri principle of the stereological methods. The volume...
Muhammad Babar Khawar, Nadeem Sheikh*
Effect of paper industry leachate on various serological indices and serum proteins of wistar rats
...ntal groups. The protein fractions of 317, 212, 178, 134, 89, 74 and 68 KDa were found in Group 1 compared to control (331, 215, 180, 139, 112, 91, 75 and 69 KDa). However, protein fraction of 202, 171, 136 and 91 KDa were present in Group 2 compared to control. These findings confirmed that paper industry leachate is extremely noxious and induce alterations in various serological parameters and also interfere with the expression of proteins....
Muddasir Hassan Abbasi1, 2, Noor Fatima1, Syed Shahid Imran Bukhari1, Asma Rashid khan3, Nadeem Sheikh2*
Variations in proteins and transaminases following experimental induction of Bisphenol A in mice
...samples revealed protein fractions (KDa) of 149, 132, 101,
72, 75 and (163, 114, 91, 75, 72, respectively. Conclusively, it can be stated that extensive use of BPA in various
application cause serious health hazards, as noted by changes in serum proteins and transaminases. Therefore,
further investigation of its toxicity is necessary in order to consider it safe....
72, 75 and (163, 114, 91, 75, 72, respectively. Conclusively, it can be stated that extensive use of BPA in various
application cause serious health hazards, as noted by changes in serum proteins and transaminases. Therefore,
further investigation of its toxicity is necessary in order to consider it safe....
Nabila Roohi, Mehjabeen, Samina Ashraf*
Effects of cigarette smoking on serum proteins profile in male active and passive smokers
...serum total proteins and fractions
(albumin, total globulins, gamma globulins and non-gamma globulins) of active and
passive smokers. Blood samples of 180 cigarette smokers were collected from
different locations of Lahore and 60 healthy non-smokers from University of the
Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam campus Lahore, in terms of comparable age, height, weight
and socioeconomic set up. Serum protein profile was analyzed using commercial...
(albumin, total globulins, gamma globulins and non-gamma globulins) of active and
passive smokers. Blood samples of 180 cigarette smokers were collected from
different locations of Lahore and 60 healthy non-smokers from University of the
Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam campus Lahore, in terms of comparable age, height, weight
and socioeconomic set up. Serum protein profile was analyzed using commercial...
Atiq-ur-Rehman1,2,*, Abida Latif1,*, Rukhsana Anwar1, Nasir Abbas1, Sajid Nawaz2 and Hamid Turab Mirza3
...ode of action of various fractions of methanolic extract of the aerial parts of this plant. Various fractions (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol) from the most active methanolic extract were prepared. Hypoglycemic potential was investigated by α-amylase inhibitory assay. Different concentrations of fractions (20-100 µg/ml) were subjected to in vitro &alph...
Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Ayesha Zafar1 and Sher Muhammad2
...ative response. Leaching fractions may help keeping salt concentration low in the root zone when irrigation water is saline. In this experiment three types of water (canal, EC = 2 and 3 dS m-1) were used as such and with leaching fraction of 10 and 20 %. This experiment was conducted in the field and RCBD design was used to make its layout. All the treatments were replicated four times. Sorghum was used as test crop. Pre and post-harvest soil analysis was carr...
Muhammad Naeem Khan* and Asad Jan
...MCE) and various solvent fractions and in-vitro antimicrobial activities of whole plant of D. botrys. Qualitative phytochemical screening of MCE and solvent fractions of D. botrys showed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and sterols, however in n-hexane fraction (HxF) only flavonoids and saponins were detected. In quantitative analysis, among all the solvents, ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) had ...
Naila Riaz1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2, Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar1, Ali Hassan2, Shaukat Ali2, Shafaat Yar Khan1
...t study, different venom fractions were isolated from the crude venom of Hottentota tamulus (Fabricius, 1798) and Androctonus finitimus (Pocock, 1897) by HPLC. The toxicity and acetylcholinesterase activity of selected venom fractions were determined using of Musca domestica adults. Only one fraction (out of 7) from H. tamulus venom and one fraction (out of 5) of A. finitimus venom were sel...
Nihat Tekel1, Ilkay Baritci1, Halit Deniz Sireli1, Muhittin Tutkun1, Ecevit Eyduran2 and Mohammad Masood Tariq3,*
...ncy and valuable carcass fractions of Awassi x (Romanov x Awassi) G1 crossbred male lambs were found similar to the corresponding values of Awassi breed.
...
Erum Yawar Iqbal1*, Ashfaque Ahmed Nahiyoon1, Shahnaz Dawar2 and Shahina Fayyaz1
... extract of all bacterialfractions were found to be least effective as compared to cell-free supernatant, bacterial suspension and methanol extract suggesting that EPB has the potential to release its metabolites with insecticidal mode of actions in the surrounding culture media. New species proficiency was evaluated in comparison with other indigenous isolates and resulted in most efficient at 30ºC after 24h and proved to have good effectiveness as biolo...
Muhammad Imran Ahmad*, Nan Zhang**, Megan Jobson**, Muhammad Younas*, Kamran Ghani***
DELUMPING PROCEDURE FOR PREDICTION OF DISTRIBUTION OF PRODUCTS IN DISTILLATION USING A SHORT-CUT MODEL
...ration of petroleum fractions at conceptual design stage. A methodology for prediction of detailed product distribution for distillation processes using short-cut calculations of distillation is developed in this work. The proposed delumping procedure is explained in this paper, and an illustrative example is presented to elucidate the application in modeling of distillation using short-cut calculation methods. The proposed methodology help...
Qurrat ul Ain Akbar*, Saqib Arif, Shahid Yousaf, Salman Khurshid and Najmus Sahar
Effects of Flour Particle Size on Farinographic Properties of Wheat Dough
... fine (<500 µm) fractions on the basis of particle size. All the farinographic parameters (except dough development time) were influenced by particle size of wheat flour. Water absorption was negatively related with flour particle size. Dough stability was positively related to flour particle size whereas the degree of softening was negatively related with flour particle size. However, there was insignificant and non-consistent effects were found on d...
Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi1*, Olubumi Atolani2 and Gabriel Ademola Olatunji3
Toxicity Effect of Eucalyptus globulus on Pratylenchus spp. of Zea mays
...evaluate the toxicity of fractions and essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae) against Pratylenchus spp. infecting Zea mays. The phytochemical basis of the plant was partly established using Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), proton and carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR and 13C NMR) Spectroscopy analysis. Effect of application of plant phytochemicals on the planted maize was also examined in te...
Simeen Mansoor, Jabeen Farheen* and Meher Hassan
..., 86, 76, 62, and 61 kDa fractions were identified the first time, which may be involved in temperature stress acclimation. Conclusively, the sublethal-temperature along with phytohormones are involved in green gram growth, proteome expression, and thermotolerance via initiating antioxidant defense signaling.
...
Qaiser Shakeel1*, Rabia Tahir Bajwa1, Yasir Iftikhar2, Mustansar Mubeen2, Muhammad Luqman3, Waqas Ashraf1 and Ifrah Rashid4
...pesticides upon purified fractions with no hazardous effects on environment as well as humans....
Shahida Sabir1, Anwar Ali Shad1, Tariq Masood1*, Zafar Ali Shah1, Nasiruddin2, Yaseen Ahmad1 and Syed Sartaj Alam3
...oids were present in all fractions except n-hexane and petroleum ether while tannins were present in all the fractions. Flavonoids, lipids, terpenoids and glycosides were present in extracts at moderate to high concentrations. Methanolic fraction of mushroom proved to be bactericidal with highest % inhibition (65, 36 and 75 %) recorded at 25 mg/L concentration against all the three bacterial strains i.e., E. coli, Staphyloco...
Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Potential of the Roots of Berberis brevissima Jafri. (Berberidaceae)
Zain Ullah1*, Anwar Ali Shad1 and Saqib Ali2
...the obtained six oil sub-fractions (H-1 to H-6) were accomplished against S. epidermis, E. coli, and S. aureus bacterial strains and the results ranged from 10-18 mm zone of inhibition. The GC-MS analysis of the six oil sub-fractions (H-1 to H-6) confirmed the existence of linoleic acid, palmitic acid, and oleic acid in the highest amount....
Muhammad Waheed* and Dost Muhammad
...ly labile and non-labile fractions showed non-significant changes with time. The Plant height, biomass and total P uptake were found significantly higher in the treatment fertilized with 2 % TSP enriched compost followed by 4 % TSP enriched compost as compared to control. The effect of TSP enrichment was better than RP as well as the enrichment with 2 % was better than 4 % for both sources in both soils. Moreover, only labile P determined at 10th week of germi...
Arab Khan Lund1*, Atta Hussain Shah2, Gul Bahar Khaskheli2, Mool Chand Malhi3, Ahmed Sultan Jatoi4, Abdul Samad Mangsi5 and Asad Ali Khaskheli6
...cluded that the nitrogen fractions markedly affected by different heating and time combinations followed by physical properties while less effect on the chemical components of milk ultimately nutritive value....
El-Kholy KH1*, Tag El-Din H1, Seham NE Seleem1, Eman Hussein2 AM El-Shhat2
... total protein and their fractions (albumin and globulin) and all lipid profile were insignificant affects by in-ovo different SV solutions, times of eggs dipping and their interaction. The best values of body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and performance index were recorded in that group dipping eggs at 0.05% SV followed by groups dipping at 0.15 or 0.10 % SV throughout the experimental period. According to the results, it can be concluded that in-ovo di...
Hafiz Liaqat Ali1, Muhammad Tahir Hassan1*, Muftooh Ur Rehman Siddiqi2, Mehwish Arshad1 and Muhammad Mudassar Sharif3
...gine speed, and hydrogen fractions. The main performance parameters included heat release, mass fraction burned (MFB), power (frictional, effective, indicated), efficiency (mechanical, indicated, brake thermal), and coefficient of variation for indicated mean effective pressure (COVIMEP). Hydrogen blending in NG extends the lean ignition limit, accelerates combustion, and enhances the efficiency of combustion. Hydrogen has an extensive flammability ...
Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi
...spect of chromatographic fractions from Mangifera indica as a substitute to synthetic nematicides in the control of Meloidogyne incognita pests of tomato was evaluated. Crude extracts of M. indica bark was fractionated on silica-gel (120-150 mesh) using glass column. The resulting fractions were investigated in screenhouse and field trials. The fractions were equated with carbofuran a synt...
Saima Mehar1 and Salma Javed2*
...ssessment of two primary fractions of W. coagulans crude extract, chloroform and butanol, is the focus of the current study. Crude extracts were tested against Meloidogyne incognitain vitro conditions. The second stage juveniles (J2) were exposed at 24, 48 and 72 hours in different concentrations of plant extracts. During in-vitro condition inhibition of egg hatchability and J2 juveniles’ mortality varied according to the concentration of plant extract. ...
Siriporn Namted, Kanokporn Poungpong, Wiriya Loongyai, Choawit Rakangthong, Chaiyapoom Bunchasak*
...east extract (YE), their fractions, and the dosage as feed additive on the growth performance, immune function, and gut morphology of pigs. Inconsistent results have been reported for the various yeast products utilized in the animal feed industry, with differing types of YE processing (autolysis or hydrolysis) and differing doses/responses. In a feed additive, the components of the cell wall (β-glucan and mannan-oligosaccharides) and some of their cellul...
Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi1*, Mariam Temitope Baker2 and Gabriel Ademola Olatunji2
...h grade), which afforded fractions that were analysed with GCMS and FTIR for constituent identification. The result shows octanoic acid; hexanoic acid methyl ester; ethyl octanoate; 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester; dodecanoic acid; octadecanoic acid methyl ester; decanoic acid; octadecanoic acid ethyl ester and tetradecanoic acid as the major components while the infra red spectral diagnostic signals agree with the expected vibrational frequencies corr...
O. A. Fabiyi
...aticidal activity of the fractions were
evaluated in the laboratory using a 4x4x3 factorial experiment, while the crude extracts were tested on
Meloidogyne incognita infecting Abelmoschus esculentus in the field. Three hundred juveniles were used for the
assessment. Acetone extract coded DNLO/Me2CO caused a significant increase in plant height, number of leaves,
number of fruits per plant and fruit weight per pla...
O. A. Fabiyi, G. A. Olatunji and O. Atolani
...umn. The chromatographic fractions were tested in vitro along with their crudes and carbofuran on Meloidogyne incognita juveniles and eggs. The ...
Nguyen Thi Kim Dong1*, Nguyen Van Thu2 , Nguyen Hoang Qui3
...r extract (EE) and fiber fractions increased with increasing levels of SBP. The apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), and nitrogen-free extract (NFE), as well as nitrogen retention, decreased linearly with increasing SBP (P <0.05). The apparent total tract digestibility of the majority of individual amino acids was greater than their apparent ileal digestibility (P <0.05). Individual amino acid di...
MUHAMMAD MUNEEB SOHAIL1, FATIMA AMEER2, GUR CHARN SINGH2, MUHAMMAD ZAID1*
...y measured. Plasma lipid fractions were accordingly determined. Participants suffering from bacterial/viral infection, hemophilia, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, or anemia were excluded from this study. Statistically significant and non-significant results were obtained for different lipoprotein fractions. Although, Body Mass Index (BMI) was a good classical indicator of obesity, other indicators li...
Amina Rahat1, Zahin Anjum1*, Sehlina Zehra2, Fatima Umal Baneen3 and Rabia Chishti1
... Additionally, Different fractions of the A. sativum, P. ovata, N. sativa were prepared anad analyzed for antibacterial, insecticidal and antifungal activities. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that almost all the plant extracts showed potential antibacterial, insecticidal and antifungal activities against different microbes....
Abdel-Khalek El-Sayed Abdel-Khalek1*, Abdelaziz M. Sakr2, Wael M. Nagy2, Hesham S. Abou-Serie2, Entesar Z. Eliraqy2
...tributed into five equal fractions, each fraction was diluted with Tris-extender at each level of PEE (PEE0, PEE1, PEE2, PEE3, and PEE4). Semen was gradually diluted at 37 °C with each extender at a rate of 1: 10, equilibrated for 4 hours at 4 °C, packaged in French straws, and frozen in liquid nitrogen at -196 °C. Evaluation of semen was achieved pre-freezing in equilibrated semen and post-thawing in semen thawed in a water bath at 37oC fo...
ZAMARA MASOOD1, FAROOQ SALEEM1, SARFRAZ AHMAD2, TALHA JAMSHAID3, IMRAN WAHEED4,
MUHAMMAD AZEEM1, UMAR FAROOQ GOHAR5 & HAFIZ MUHAMMAD ARSALAN6, 7*
...xed fats and oils in all fractions. Floral
extracts were found to contain highest total phenolic contents (64 to 73
mg GAE/g), whereas leaves n-hexane fraction exhibited maximum DPPH
potential (70 %). All the extracts showed promising antimicrobial activity
in terms of zone of inhibition against selected bacterial strains, both Gram
positive and Gram negative i.e. from 1.33 mm to 25.66 mm and against<...
SHEHLA AKBAR*, SAIQA ISHTIAQ*, KHALID HUSSAIN, ANS MUNIR & SAIRA REHMAN
...or was calculated of all fractions by
adopting the standard procedure. By using concentration 200μg/ml and
400μg/ml methanolic fraction showed 4.57 and 4.86, hexane 1.54 and
5.0, aqueous 1.07 and 2.33, chloroform 0.94 and 3.87, ethyl acetate
18.56 and 28.41, butanol 4.34 and 7.91. Ethyl acetate fraction showed
highest SPF value. Presence of polyphenols and flavonoids provide an
evide...
Hamdy Abdala El-Nagar1, Abdelaziz Mohamed Elhais2, Ayman Hassan Abd El-Aziz3, Wael Mohamed Wafa1, Mohamed Sobhy Elsayed Farrag2, Moataz Ibrahim Badawy1, Safaa Elsayed Salah Atia2
...total proteins and their fractions, total lipids, total cholesterol, and glucose, and the lowest urea and creatinine levels (P<0.05). Plasma immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, and IgM) and total antioxidant capacity increased to the maximal values, while AST and ALT activities decreased to the minimum values in G4. Feeding Friesian calves on milk supplied with propolis (5 g) plus thyme oil (2 ml) per calf during the suckling period can improve growth performance, g...
Hermawan Setyo Widodo1,2*, Tridjoko Wisnu Murti1, Ali Agus1, Ambar Pertiwiningrum1
El-Dougdoug, Kh.A. t , S.A. Ghaza12 , A.A. Mousa2, H. Fahmyj and A.R. sofy2
... differences in isozymes fractions, RF value and intensity as compared with healthy plant. Results were confirmed by peroxidase activity where the level of peroxidase activity was considerably higher in ARC leaves than TB and the last TN. The total RNA content in infected leaves gave the highest content in ARC followed by TB isolate while the lowest was recorded in isolate. Finally, RT-PCR showed differences between CPsV-EG isolates of PCR-products...
MAHRUKH SHAHID1, KHAJISTA JABEEN1* & SUMERA IQBAL1
...ty order. These secluded fractions were further tested to evaluate their in vitro antifungal activity along with a reference fungicide (Mancozeb). Data obtained after 7 days of incubation depicts that maximum antifungal activity was observed in fungicide with 89% inhibition in the radial diameter of the test fungus. n-hexane and chloroform also effectively retarded the growth of F. oxysporum, whereas n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractio...
Olaolu Fadeyi1,2, Oluwatoyin Fabiyi3*, Tesleem Bello4 and Gabriel Olatunji5
...of Anacardium occidental fractions. Analysis of ethanol extract of A. occidentale using gas chromatography spectrometry revealed the presence of several phyto constituents such as phenol, triterpenoids, flavonoids and other bio-active compounds. The array of fatty acid esters revealed in the GCMS result of the fractions especially fraction 52-71/Z2 is responsible for the exhibited toxicity to M. incognita with observed reduc...
Waseem Abbas, Imtiaz Ahmed* and Imran Khan
Igor Ponjiger1, Milutin Kovacevic1*, Vladimir Markovic1, Zoran Ristic1 and Vukan Lavadinovic2
...ly differed between four fractions of the hunting ground - Bački Petrovac, Kulpin, Gložan, and Maglić. Density varied from 27 in Bački Petrovac to 50 individuals per 100 ha in Maglić. The population was negatively affected by mean patch size and by the area under no vegetation during the winter period. Conservation measures should focus on enhancing habitat heterogeneity by reducing field size, and fostering sowing during the late autumn period....
Shah Zeb Khan1, Ali Hazrat1*, Farman Ali Khan2, Muhammad Yahya1, Gul Rahim1, Muhammad Mukhtiar3, Muhammad Ajmal Khan4 and Hayat Ullah1
...butanol (BR, BS) soluble fractions by solvent-solvent extraction. In phytochemical tests of roots fractions; HR showed the presence of terpenoids, while saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids were detected in CR. EtR was enriched in terpenoids and phenols and the butanol fraction (BR) contained terpenoids and flavonoids. Similarly in stem fractions; HS contained alkaloids and phenols while ter...
Iqra Haider Khan1 and *Arshad Javaid1
...as partitioned into five fractions using organic solvents of variable polarities. A range of concentrations (1.562 to 200 mg mL-1) of each fraction was used in laboratory bioassays. n-Butanol fraction showed the highest antifungal activity followed by chloroform and n-hexane fractions causing 68–82%, 52–82% and 42–82% decrease in biomass of A. flavipes. Ethyl acetate showed a moderate antifungal potential w...
Iqra Haider Khan1, *Arshad Javaid1 and Nadeem Shad1
...s of polar and non-polar fractions of methanolic extract of hemp (Cannabis sativa
L.) leaves against A. versicolor. Dried leaves of hemp were soaked in methanol for two
weeks. The material was filtered and the methanol was evaporated on a rotary evaporator.
Thereafter, water was added to the residues and the aqueous mixture was successively
partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Diffe...
Shabnam Javed1 and Amna Shoaib2
... methanolic extracts and fractions (n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl
acetate and water) against three cancer cell lines (lung A-549, hepatocellular HepG2and
urinary bladder EI-138). Cytotoxic assays were carried out with five concentrations (0.05,
0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 mg mL-1) of methanolic extract and its subfractions through MTT
assay [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dip...
