Shaoling Lin and Jiamiao Hu
...T pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation analyses. This interaction may serve as a link in the processes of HCMV capsidation and tegumentation. This study provides further evidences in the functions of tegument proteins in the assembly of HCMV virons....
Usman Shakoor1*, Mudassar Rashid1, Abdul Saboor2, Nabila Khurshid1, Zuhair Husnain2 and Abdul Rehman2
...tions in temperature and precipitation are helping tools to forecast scenarios for the climate in an area. Changes in these tools from the past due to any unavoidable circumstances for today and in the future is refers to climate change (CC). Besides other living being, crops are either benefited or adversely affected by these changes in the climate of an area. Maize is one of the widely grown crops in the world and even in Pakistan has also influenced in eith...
Muhammad Naeem1, Bushra Sadia1,2,*, Faisal Saeed Awan1and Muhammad Anjum Zia3
...4.667± 6.5) after precipitation with ammunium sulphate, at concentrations as low as 30 μl. Optimized conditions for maximum yield of mutant SK included CSL 6%, 24 h. of fermentation, pH 7.5, 37oC, KH2PO4 0.04%, K2HPO4, NaHCO3 0.15% and 0.015% CH3COONa. The results indicated that UV is the most effective mutagen for hyper-production of SK. Mutant strain UV6 has the potential ...
Usman Shakoor*, Abdul Saboor*, Irfan Baig*, Anila Afzal** and Abdul Rahman***
CLIMATE VARIABILITY IMPACTS ON RICE CROP PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN
...ance Decomposition. Mean precipitation and mean temperature would increase rice production but simulations scenarios for 2030 confirmed that much increase in rainfall and mean temperature in long run will negatively affect rice production in future. It is therefore important to follow adequate policy action to safeguard crop productions from disastrous effects. Development of varieties resistant to high temperatures as well as droughts will definitely enhance ...
Anum Rafique, Sajid Abdullah, Khalid Abbas, Huma Naz* and Wardah Hassan
...one by Ammonium sulphate precipitation. Ion-exchange column chromatography was used to purify enzyme for further partial characterization against different range of temperature and pH. As a result of ion exchange chromatography enzyme from kidney of control and Pb+Cr treated fish had highest activity as 508.33 and 427 UmL-1 while highest specific activity was 1105.06 and 1055.55 Umg-1 with 1.98 and 2.70 fold purification, respectively. Re...
Muhammad Suleman Bacha1*, Mohammad Nafees1 and Syed Adnan2
...rease in the mean annual precipitation (-0.73 mm per year) favors the local community perceptions about climate changes. To offset such worsening situation, future planning is vital to keep the natural resources intact while minimizing the risks in the years ahead. ...
Amna Waseem, Sikander Ali* and Syeda Wajiha Khalid
...fied by ammonium sulfate precipitation method at 40 %. The molecular weight of the enzyme was found to be 33 kDa. The results showed that the enzyme produced from mutant strain gave significantly higher (p≤0.05) lipase activity than the wild-type. From the results presented in the study, it was observed that maximum lipase activity could effectively be achieved after EMS and MMS-induced mutagenesis of filamentous fungus culture used.
...
Aftab Khan, Shahid Ali, Syed Attaullah Shah and Muhammad Fayaz
...ffect of temperature and precipitation on net revenue of maize growers across Northern, Eastern, Central and Southern zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. 200 maize growers were randomly selected through multistage sampling technique. Primary data on net revenue from maize crop was collected through an interview schedule and secondary data on temperature and precipitation was collected from Regional Metrological Department...
Sana Rana1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2* and Khalid Abbas1
... using ammonium sulphate precipitation technique and kinetic characterization was also performed against different pH and temperature. CAT activity was measured spectrophotometrically at A240 nm. Results showed that highest CAT activity was noted from the crude extract of control fish gills (140.66±0.71UmL-1) as compared to DM+END exposed fish (99.23±0.71UmL-1). After desalted the CAT activity in gills of both control and insecticides exposed fis...
Peng Xu1, Bin Liu1,2, Yongqiang Zhao3, Shicheng Lv3 and Changhu Lu1,*
...ng year 6 years earlier, precipitation in January of the following year 7 years earlier and mean air temperature in December. Our results highlighted the importance of considering the effects of long-term climate variables on the population size of endangered birds,red-crowned crane. Then, an interpretation model with high deviance explained was explored. More and continuous attention should be paid to improve considerable measures of crane conservation based ...
Hareem Mohsin, Azka Asif*, Warda Fatima, Sarooj Nadeem, Anjum Nasim Sabri
Assessment of biocalcification by the water absorption test using microorganism from oil contaminated site
...rocess that includes the precipitation of protective layer of calcium carbonate on the cement based structures or buildings. In the present study, the biocalcification capacity of Bacillus pasteurii was studied on the cement samples. The cement samples were treated with urea and calcium salt (calcium carbonate) that act as a source of calcium along with the microorganism under optimum culture conditions. Alkaline conditions produced by the activity of the enzy...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari1*, Ghulam Ali Bajwa2 and S. Shafiqur Rehman1
...ture, erratic changes in precipitation and other climate variables. To assess such impacts, climate-growth response function of the Blue pine (Pinus wallichiana) was studied in Galies Forest Division -Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, for the time period 1962-2011. Time function response and impacts of changing climate were estimated on the basis of annual ring-width and intra-ring wood formations. The results showed mean ring-width of 2.54±0.11...
Muhammad Amin1, Aftab Ahmad Khan2, Abida Perveen1, Zareen Rauf1, Sher Shah Hassan2*, Muhammad Arif Goheer2 and Muhammad Ijaz2
...2-Month SPI values, GPCC precipitation and CPC soil moisture were also used. In formulating Climatological drought year, the droughts of years 2000 and 2002 were categorized as moderate drought years for the area have Precipitation Anomaly of -37% and -31%, respectively whereas Precipitation Anomaly values of -11.5, -15.6, -10.2 and -16.2 were found in years 2003, 2004, 2006 and 2009, resp...
Ajmal Khan Kassi1*, Humayun Javed1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
...uit infestation. Average precipitation showed positive but non-significant correlation in case of all the cultivars except Singhnath 666 which was positive and significant. On the other hand, average temperature was found non-significant and negatively correlated in case of Brinjal Long 6275, Round Brinjal 86602 and Singhnath 666 while significant but negatively correlated in case of Short Purple and Round White Brinjal. Maximum temperature also showed signifi...
Sonia1, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai1*, Noor Paio Khan2, Abbas Ullah Jan1 and Gulnaz Hameed3
...at includes temperature, precipitation and humidity was also inquired through this research. Panel data of wheat crop’s input and aforesaid climatic variables for the period of thirty years (1985-2015) was employed to figure-out the major findings. Econometric diagnostic tests were used to verify the model stability. Therefore, LM test was encompassed to detect the serial correlation. The result of Hausman test has suggested applying “Fixed Effect ...
Muhammad Zulfiqar1*, Irshad Abbasi2, Himayatullah Khan1, Arjumand Nizami3, Abdul Hakeem4, Jawad Ali3 and Muhammad Jamal Khan1
... two-third of the annual precipitation in Skardu occurs during the winter months (December to April). In general, monsoon period is dry, and only 18% of total annual precipitation occurs during the months of July-October. Burgay watershed is situated upstream of Satpara Dam. Water from this watershed is distributed among the communities according to historically agreed distribution patterns. Water availability vary from seas...
Kamran Zakaria1*, Noreen Munawar1 and Shafqat Ejaz2
...b-regions with consistentprecipitation patterns were recognized as: Region A (not apparent) and Region B (south and north part of the basin) and Transition zone (central portion of basin), having both the frequencies are identified....
Asim Khan1, Shahid Ali1*, Syed Attaullah Shah1, Aftab Khan1 and Raza Ullah2
... minimum temperature and precipitation, respectively. For statistical analysis, panel data record for twenty years (1996-2015) across five districts of the province were scrape together from Development Statistic of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Bureau of Statistic and Pakistan Meteorological Department, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Hausman test recommended fixed effect model (as opposed to random effect) as a fit model for given estimation. The major findings proclaim ...
Fatima Tufail1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3
... using ammonium sulphate precipitation technique. Results of partial purification demonstrated that the exposure of insecticides mixture decreased the hepatic CAT activity in fish (43.33±1.41 UmL-1) as compare to control (50.33±1.41 Unit mL-1). After desalting specific activity of hepatic CAT remain lowest in exposed fish as 134.30±0.71 Unit mg-1in relation to control (148.02±0.41 Umg-1). ...
Hakim Shah1*, Noor Jehan2, S. Shafiqur Rehman1 and Syed Said Badshah Bukhari1
...gimes of temperature and precipitation. Mean annual maximum and minimum temperatures and mean annual temperature at the two Forest Divisions during 1965-2015 significantly increased, while mean annual precipitation significantly increased in KaFD, but non-significantly decreased in KFD. Mean values of ring-widths of Spruce at KFD and KaFD during 1965-2015 were 1.36±0.02 mm and 1.48±0.02 mm and changes thereof &...
Rizwan Ahmad and Muhammad Zulfiqar*
...rtaining to temperature, precipitation, area under cultivation and yield of crops was collected. Analytical models used are Logit Model and ARDL Model. Regarding farmers perceptions, results show that age of farmers, farming experience and education level of the farmers are positively and significantly, except education, associated with perception regarding climate change. However, size of HH, farming types and area under cultivation are negatively associated....
Arjumand Nizami1, Jawad Ali2 and Muhammad Zulfiqar3
...kely that annual average precipitation will continue to increase till 2030 and start declining during 2030-2040 in all the seasons. The temperature scenarios also present a noticeable change. An average increase in temperature in KP is 1.80C during 2010-2040. In the Northern districts (mountain areas) it is the 1.90C closely followed by Central with 1.80C and the South 1.60C (where South is already a heat surplus zone). These trends are crucial in terms of dis...
Mudassar Rashid1, Zuhair Husnain2, Usman Shakoor1* and Muhammad Iftikhar ul Husnain1
...erature, heavy rainfall, precipitation, floods and drought etc. This paper has empirically examined the effect of climatic variations on cotton productivity in Pakistan. In order to evaluate the climate change, three climatic variables (rainfall, max. temp and min temp) and three non-climatic variables (technology, fertilizer and area) had been used for analysis. Historical climate data from 1981-2015, was collected from Pakistan Meteorological Department, whi...
Muhammad Shahzad Khattak*1, Barkatullah1, Ayesha Aziz1, Jamil Ahmad2, Mohammad Sharif3, Mukand Singh Babel4, Muhammad Fahad5
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CROP WATER REQUIREMENT UNDER MULTI - REPRESENTATIVE CONCENTRATION PATHWAYS DURING MID-CENTURY: A CASE STUDY OF D. I. KHAN
...rison of temperature and precipitation data projected by different GCM with the observed data. The delta
change and ratio method was used to obtain the corrected value of temperature and Precipitation (PPT) for the
future. The ETo calculator of Food and Agriculture Organization was used to calculate evapotranspiration. The CWR
of wheat and maize crops was computed using CROPWAT 8.0. Results showed that o...
change and ratio method was used to obtain the corrected value of temperature and Precipitation (PPT) for the
future. The ETo calculator of Food and Agriculture Organization was used to calculate evapotranspiration. The CWR
of wheat and maize crops was computed using CROPWAT 8.0. Results showed that o...
Sajjad Ali1, Muhammad Shahzad Khattak1, Daulat Khan1, Mohammed Sharif2, Hamad Khan1, Asmat Ullah3,
Abdul Malik1
PREDICTING FUTURE TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION OVER PAKISTAN IN THE 21ST CENTURY
...o obtain temperature and precipitation departures projected by three different
GCMs under A1B, B1 and A2 emission scenarios. To ensure the maximum possible spatial coverage, a total of 16
climatic stations in Pakistan were selected. Results indicated a temperature departure in the range of 1.3-2.7°C for
the mid century period, and a temperature departure in the range of 2.3-5.3°C for the end century period. Among
different p...
GCMs under A1B, B1 and A2 emission scenarios. To ensure the maximum possible spatial coverage, a total of 16
climatic stations in Pakistan were selected. Results indicated a temperature departure in the range of 1.3-2.7°C for
the mid century period, and a temperature departure in the range of 2.3-5.3°C for the end century period. Among
different p...
Muhammad Jan1*, Tanveer ul Haq2, Hina Sattar3, Madiha Butt4, Abdul Khaliq5, Muhammad Arif6 and Abdul Rauf7
...l, sustained drought and precipitation adversely reducing the crop productivity and these are considered as an alarming issue for the crop production in rainfed areas. Chick pea is deemed to be regarded as a drought sensitive crop. The low water and fertilizer demand and its ability to grow on marginal land is an excellent choice for the farming community. The field trial was conducted with the aspect to screen out the drought-tolerant variety of chick pea kee...
Ateeq Ahmad1, Umar Hayat2, Shahid Ali2*, Hazrat Bilal3, Naveed Ali2, Khan Mir Khan4 and Khalid Khan4
Descriptive Analysis of Water Resources in Pakistan: A Perspective of Climate Change
...in temperature, changing precipitation patterns and vulnerability of glaciers to climate change. Based on the findings it is suggested the effective climate change adaptation strategies and policies must be taken serious in the country. The government may formulate long term and short term climatic risk strategies to analyze the existing and future effects due to climate change. To avoid water shortage in the country construction of new dames are necessary for...
Muhammad Shafiq1,2,*,Rajwali Khan1, Ilyas Ali3, Sadeeq Ur Rahman4, Saif Ullah3, Shah Jan Mohammad2, Mohammad Jan2 and Jinhu Huang2
...rum IgG, sodium sulphite precipitation technique was used while IgG in colostrum were determined using digital Brix refractometer (Atago RX-1000) and serum total protein (STP) in cows and calves were analyzed by chemistry analyzer (Procan PS-520). Overall Achai breed of cattle showed highest mean value for pre and postpartum serum immunoglobulin (11.78 ± 0.92 mg/ml, 10.00 ± 1.09 mg/ml) than Jersey breed (9.80 ± 1.30 mg/ml, 7.86 ± 1....
Minghao Gong1*, Shiliang Pang2, Zhongyan Gao2, Wanyu Wen1, Ling Zhang3, Gang Liu1, Huixin Li1, Fawen Qian4 and Wenfeng Wang2
...temperature, rather than precipitation, had the most impact on RCC breeding. To cope with climate change, we recommend that new refuges be designed within the study area and the transformation of wetland to farmland in the area be banned. Also, organic agriculture methods and crop species that consume less water than rice should be adopted to mitigate the adverse climate changes that accompany global warming and will contribute to RCC habitat degradation.
Sabina Noor1*, Fatimah Abang1 and Hamady Dieng2
Biology of an Exotic Butterfly Acraea terpsicore (Linnaeus, 1758) (Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae), in a Newly Invaded Region, Sarawak, Borneo
...uring months with higher precipitation. Being an exotic species, A. terpsicore is likely to keep track by feeding on its primary and famous P. foetida voraciously, in this newly invaded region. For future perspectives, a frequent investigation is suggested to countercheck the host plant dis-palatability and its role of becoming an invasive pest....
Muhammad Tahir Waseem1, Abdul Majid Khan1*, Abdul Ghaffar2, Ayesha Iqbal1 and Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,3
...cate a climatic shift in precipitation source or amount rainfall through time. We suspect that grasslands expanded at the expense of forests towards the latest Miocene while environment became drier and warmer. These analyses also reveal that hipparionines shifted from C3 browsing to mixed C3/C4 and to C4diet at the end of Miocene.
...
Uzma Ayaz1,* and Muhammad Fareed Khan2
...12.8 mm (4.44”) of precipitation. By randomly selecting ten plants per plot data was recorded for various traits i.e. germination percentage, flower initiation days, full flowering days, full development days, total leaves per plant, chlorophyll content (mg/cm-2), height of plant (cm), disk length (cm), thickness of stem (mm), 1000-achene’s weight (g), fresh achene’s weight (g), dry achene’s weight (g) and achene&rsquo...
Safaa M. Mohammed*, Shahira A. Abdelwahab**,Fetaih,H⃰ ⃰ ,Neveen,R⃰ ,Abdel satar ,A⃰ and Mohamed S. Elshahidy**
...d identified by agar gel precipitation test and polymerase chain reaction .Two main types of TKPV infection were observed in examined flocks ,cutaneous and diphtheritic forms. Morbidity rate ranged from 5-15%with no mortalities .75% of examined serum reacted positive to TKPV .All TKPV isolates were amplified using specific P4b primers and visualized by gel electrophoresis at 578bp....
Nashwa M. Helmy1, Ahmed S. Ahmed2, and Zeinab3 Y. Mohamed
...d identified by agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) and indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT) using specific hyper immune serum against LSDV. Further identifications were carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and clinco-pathological investigation. Results: The results showed that 11/30 biopsies were positive by AGPT, 19/30 by IFAT and 30/30 by PCR. While results of sero-diagnosis showed that 45/100 from apparently healthy non vaccinated cattle...
Yao Zou, Shien Ren, Miao Xu, Nannan Liang, Xuxin Zhang, Chongxuan Han and Xiaoning Nan
...ual mean temperature and precipitation, which follows Bergmann’s rule. This work provides a significant reference value to scholars who apply themselves to pest control and to the classification and identification of zokors using morphology....
Ali Ghazi Atiyah1*, Nadia Hameed Rija Al-Falahi2 and Ghazi Atiya Zarraq3
...er was prepared by a wet precipitation process using calcination temperature 1200 ºC for 2 h, then the scaffold was designed by using cylindrical template under specific compression pressure. Synthesis of β-CPP powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and simulation body fluid. The results reveal that β-CPP powder was pure, well crystallinity and the designed scaffold h...
Mubasshir Sohail*, Qadeer Ahmed Soomro, Raza Muhammad, Muhammad Usman Asif and Imran Rauf
...s 725 U/ml after acetone precipitation. Thermal stability and optimum temperature were found to be 60°C for maximum activity. Likewise, enzyme was found more stable at 6.0 pH. Various mono and divalent cations were studied against the cellulolytic activity exhibited significant enhancing and inhibitory effect upon different concentrations. Effect of inhibitors (β-mercaptoethanol, EDTA) and various plant extracts on the enzyme activity were also tested...
Ateeq-Ur-Rauf1*,Wisal Khan1, Muhammad Salman Rafi2 and Nauman Khan3
...changing temperature and precipitation relationship in Upper Indus Basin, UIB (hub of Pakistan water supply). Five substations of UIB (Drosh, Gilgit, Astore, Gupiz and Skardu) were selected for study, mean monthly precipitation and temperature data were collected for a period of (1980 to 2014) from Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD). A non-parametric Mann-Kendall test with a 5% significance level was used for trend ana...
Syeda Rubab Zaidi* and Safdar Ali Mirza
...hrough Ammonium-Sulphate precipitation and for further purification gel filtration and anion exchange methods were used along with protein estimation. The purified fraction was then subjected to enzymatic characterization to find its thermal stability, effect of pH and selected chemical compounds. Other significant experimental findings were; optimum incubation period was 7 days, inoculum size was 3 discs of 0.5 cm, CuSO4 as inducer improved production, laccas...
Diagnosis of Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Bovine Mastitis using its Affinity Purified Fraction
Ehab A. Fouad1*, Khaled A. Abd El-Razik2 , Eman H. Abdel-Rahman3
...ve sera were purified by precipitation with 50% ammonium sulphate followed by purification with Protein A Sepharose gel. The separated IgG was dialyzed for 3 days against a 0.1 M NaHCO3 buffer pH 8.3 with 0.5 M sodium chloride and 0.02 percent NaN3 before being linked to CNBr-Sepharose 4B swollen beads. Bound fraction was eluted with mixture of glycine (0.1 M) and sodium chloride (0.5 M) at pH (2.3). Purified antigens and unbound were inspected of protein conc...
Wasim Akram1, Azhar Hussain2*, Sartaj Ali2, Iqbal Hussain3 and Muhammad2
...gical data (temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity), seems to promote a high population of fruit fly species in July and August. This knowledge will help with the development of integrated pest management strategies for fruit fly species and the reduction of insecticide use, which will benefit both growers and the environment....
Aqsa Javaid, Masoom Yasinzai* and Khunsa Saeed Kiyani
... steps (ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration chromatography using Sephadex G-50). The molecular weight of extracellular phytase from B. subtilis KT004404 estimated by SDS-PAGE was 30 kDa. The Km and Vmax of B. subtilis KT004404 phytase were 0.175 mM and 250 U/mL (phytase activity) respectively. The optimum temperature for partially purified extracellular phytase was 40°C, and the optimum pH range for extracellular phytase activity was pH 6.5-7...
Yajuan Zheng, Qiuping Mo, Hongchao Tang, Qinghui Zheng and Dandan Guan*
...P1 was examined by immunoprecipitation. Expression of LGR5 and phosphorylation ratio of IQGAP1 showed opposite trends in breast cancer and normal body. Viability, migration and invasion ability of breast cancer cells were all affected by LGR5 expression and IQGAP1 phosphorylation ratio. LGR5 affected IQGAP1 phosphorylation process by linking to IQGAP1 through its own C-terminus. This study proved that LGR5, which is highly expressed in breast cancer cells, int...
Ahmad Noor and Malik Muhammad Shafi*
...climate factors included precipitation (Rainfall), temperature, humidity and delayed seasons. Rain patterns such as decrease in rainfalls with low frequencies showed positively significant impact on the groundwater level as climate factor and decline in rainfall showed significant positive effect. Groundwater was also highly significant and positively affected by the rising temperatures as the respective coefficient was 4.19 and p-value was 0.000. Delay in sea...
Hari Prashad Joshi, Kuaanan Techato, Khamphe Phoungthong* and Keshav Raj Panthee
...ea, fertilizer used, and precipitation rate as the independent variable by the use of the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model. The data analysis from 1990 to 2019 showed that annual mean annual temperature and fertilizers have a long-term, favorable and significant impact on rice production. Whereas cultivation area has a short-term significant impact. Precipitation and cultivation area did not have a long-term effe...
Khalid Hussain1*, Tanvir Hussain2 and Muhammad Inamullah Khan3
...ature and decline in the precipitation in the area. ...
Abdel Razek,B.Omar*and Magda M.Sayed**
...were applied by agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) and indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT). Serum neutralization test (SNT) and ELISA tests were applied for titration and evaluation of the hyperimmune sera before conjugation with fluorescent. Total protein concentration of the prepared LSDV antisera was 0.8g/dl. Separation of anti-LSDV immunoglobulins 1gG were done using ammonium sulphate followed by conjugation with fluorescein isothiocyanate at pH...
H.A. SULTANl, H.A. HUSSEIN2, and F.F. EL-KHAYAT3
...ted birds using agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) and antigen capture- enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (AC-ELISA). Antigenic typing of IBDV from selected outbreaks were carried out by monoclonal antibodies-based AC-ELISA and the pathogenicity of some representative infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) field isolates were studied. Of the selected 22 IBDV -positive bursal samples, 59.1% (13/22) were typed as classic IBDVs and 40.9% (9/22) were of variant IB...
Huda M. Hamid1, Fadia W. Al-Azawi2* and Zaid F. Makki3
... periods of high and low precipitation. Understanding the hydrology characteristics of Iraq dams is essential to sustainable water resource management. In this study, different types of dams have been selected (arch concrete, rock fill, rock with a lot of core and stone shell, and earth fill) with different storage capacities in m3. Dam body length has also been determined at different execution times from 1958 to 1999. The hydrology characteristics of Iraq da...
