Evaluation of Antioxidant, Nephroprotective and Immunomodulatory Activity of Vitamins C and E -Sodium Selenite in Mice Intoxicated with Sodium Nitrate
Evaluation of Antioxidant, Nephroprotective and Immunomodulatory Activity of Vitamins C and E -Sodium Selenite in Mice Intoxicated with Sodium Nitrate
Marah Salim Hameed1, Ali Ibrahim Ali Al-Ezzy2*
ABSTRACT
A major worldwide problem that impairs our bodies’ physiological systems is nitrate toxicity. Evaluation of antioxidant, nephroprotective and immunomodulatory activity of vitamins C and E -sodium selenite in mice intoxicated with sodium nitrate. Thirty healthy adult male mice of 25-30gm body weight divided randomly into six groups (5 mice/each) administered the following daily for 2 weeks, respectively: Vitamin E -sodium selenite 0.5 ml/LDW(T1); vitamin C (0.5 gm/L (T2); NaNO3 0.5gm/L (T3); NaNO3 (70 mg/kg) and vitamin E -sodium selenite 0.5 ml/L (T4); NaNO3 [70 mg/kg and vitamin C 0.5gm/ L], (T5); Control receive distilled water (T6). Urea level increased obviously among T3 followed by T2 and seriously decreased in T4. Creatinine level increased obviously among T3 and T2. Statistical difference was reported in urea level among T2 and T6(P Value=.002), T3 and T6(P value=.000). Statistical difference in urea level among T1 and T3(P value <0.0001), T2 and T3(P Value=0.003089), T4 and T3(P value<.0001), T5 and T3(P value <0.0001). Considerable contrariety among T2 and T6, T1 and T3; T4 and T3, T5 and T3 were noticed in creatinine levels. Histopathological changes of mouse kidney for T1 and T2 revealed a congestion of renal blood vessels, perivascular cuffing, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the dilated blood vessels. Congestion of glomerular capillaries. While (T3) revealed sever congestion of renal blood vessels, perivascular cuffing, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the dilated blood vessels. Extensive distension of Bowman’s space with sever congestion of glomerular capillaries and extensive cellular swelling of proximal and distal convoluted tubules with vacuolar degeneration surrounding proximal and distal convoluted tubules and tubule necrosis with dilation and vacuolar degeneration of proximal and distal convoluted tubules. Nitro blue tetrazolium activity for monocytes and macrophages do not correlate with blood urea and creatinine concentrations. Vitamin E -sodium selenite and vitamin C have important role in enhancement for renal functional activity and clearance of urea and creatinine; They considered potent antioxidant that ameliorates the histopathological effects of sodium nitrate on renal tissue. Concentrations of blood urea and creatinine have no effect on potent scavenging activity of monocytes and macrophages.
Keywords | Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Sodium nitrate, Antioxidant, Nephroprotective, Immunomodulatory, Histopathology, Kidney, Mice, Biochemical indices
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