Nicola J. Stonehouse
...ibit the function of the enzyme both in vitro and in the context of a sub-genomic replicon and highlight the future potential of this technology in many aspects of virus research as well as in diagnostics and therapeutics....
Oladipo Elijah Kolawole*, Oloke Julius Kola, Awoyelu Elukunbi Hilda, Olasunmibo Oluwatobi Gabriel, Ogunyale Tolulope Temitope
E-mail | koladipo2k3@ yahoo.co.uk
Rodolfo Villagra-Blanco1*, Gaby Dolz1, Danilo Montero-Caballero2, Juan Jose Romero-Zuniga2
...irus (BTV) by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibodies were detected in 290 sheep from fourteen different flocks, distributed in all analyzed regions (Central, Chorotega, Atlantic Huetar, North Huetar, and Central Pacific) determining regional seropositivity between 63.5% and 100.0%, as well as an overall prevalence of 80.8 %. The within flock seropositivity percentages ranged between 0% and 100.0%. Flocks with the highest seropositivit...
Mudasir Irfan Dar*, Fareed Ahmad Khan and Farha Rehman
E-mail | irfanmudasir@gmail.com
...gments and antioxidative enzymes in Brassica juncea L. cv. alankar was investigated. Forty-day-old pot plants were exposed to different concentrations of the insecticide, ranging from 0 to 40 grams active ingredient per hectare (g.a.i ha-1) through foliar spray. Analyses were done at days 3, 7, and 15 after treatment. Lipid peroxidation rates and contents of proline, ascorbate (ASC), glutathione (GLU), antioxidative enzymes;...
John G. Bruno1*, Chien-Chung Chao2,3, Zhiwen Zhang3, Wei-Mei Ching2,3, Taylor Phillips1, Allison Edge1, Jeffery C. Sivils1
Anna-Maria Andersson*, Ann-Kristin Nyman, Per Wallgren
...ink, a VP2 ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) system was recently evaluated. However, such estimations of disease progression are commonly based on single sampling occasions and it is essential to know if estimated antibody levels vary over a period of weeks or months. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the short term stability and the long term consistency of the antibody levels to Aleutian disease virus (ADV). Whe...
Paul I. Ankeli, Mashood A. Raji, Haruna M. Kazeem, Moses O. Odugbo, Nendir J. Umaru, Idowu O. Fagbamila, Livinus T. Ikpa, Obinna O. Nwankiti, Issa A. Muraina, Pam D. Luka and Nicholas D. Nwankpa
...on with AsnI restriction enzyme further confirming the isolates. This is the first report of the isolation and molecular identification of Mmm from the ear canal of cattle in Nigeria. It is recommended that samples from the ear canal be considered when Mmm isolation is intended so as to improve the chance of recovery. ...
Süleyman Kök1*, Sertaç Atalay1, Hasan Semih Eken2 and Mustafa Savaşçi3
...e ones in CAST with RsaI enzyme, was cut using RFLP method. The allele variants (G/C) of CAPN1 316 and (C/T) of CAPN1 4751 were determined with ARMS-PCR method. This study was conducted to determine three SNPs which were related to meat quality in 130 purebred female and male samples of TGC breed. In TGC samples, C allele frequencies related to UoG-CAST, CAPN1 316 and CAPN1 4751 polymorphisms were found to be 0.6038, 0.1115 and 0.5654, respectively. CC genotyp...
Rongrong Li1, Kun Li2, Xiaoqiang Wang2, Houqiang Luo2, Gang Qiu2, Hui zhang2, Yanfang Lan2 and Jiakui Li2,3*
...tibodies by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits and an indirect hemagglutination test. The results showed that seroprevalence in Tibetan pigs were 25.6% by ELISA. On gender basis, the prevalence was found 25.1% in males and 27.8% in females. By the method of IHA, the seroprevalence in Tibetan pigs were 21.6%, and the prevalence was found 23.1% and 21.4% in males and females, respectively. The results indicates that the Tibetan gigs were exposed...
John G. Bruno
...ptamers were assessed by enzyme-linked aptamer sorbent assay (ELASA) to rank their relative affinities and discriminatory ability for distinguishing between each of the STEC serovars. The most specific biotinylated aptamers from the ELASA screening were then attached to streptavidin-coated magnetic beads (SAv-MBs) and used to capture their cognate and related E. coli serovars. Capture was assessed by fluorescence microplate assessment following acridine orange...
Oladipo Elijah Kolawole, Oloke Julius Kola and Awoyelu Hilda Elukunbi
...ical assay for IgM using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mean age of subjects was 39.5±0.48 years and the mean CD4+ was 384.27 ±17.77 cells/µl. Out of 278 subjects tested, 11 (4%) were positive for anti-EBV IgM. Anti-EBV IgM was highest in the age group 41-50 years, 5 (5.81%); females, 8 (4.85%); students (14.21%); and CD4+ 350-500 cells/µl, 4 (36.36%). The multivariate analysis using age and the CD4 count showed highest preval...
Shazia Irfan1*, Asima Rani1, Muhammad Arshad2 and Razia Bashir1
...activity of antioxidants enzymes because of polymorphisms in antioxidant genes and variations in levels of metals and minerals creates oxidative stress may play some role in progression and pathogenesis of RA. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene polymorphism [rs2070424 (–251A/G)] in RA and to compare the levels of metals and minerals among its various genotypes in RA patients. A total of 400 indiv...
Eman Mahmoud El-Diasty1,Madeha Abd El-Halim Ibrahim2 and Ghada Kamal El Khalafawy2,*
...icons were digested with enzyme MspI and the generated bans corresponded to the predicted size.
...
Kiran Afshan1*, Sarwat Jahan1 and Mazhar Qayyum2
...ovine F. hepatica enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of IgG against fascioliasis in sera of small ruminants. The result of current study indicated diagnostic accuracy of test 95.6%, while sensitivity and specificity of this assay for small ruminants was 97.83% (95% CI: 92.35% to 99.67%) and 93.75% (95% CI: 87.54% to 97.44%) respectively. In field this test indicated significant (p<0.05) values for sheep as compared to goat in...
Hui Zhang2, Yajing Wang2, Kun Li2, Mujeeb Ur Rehman2, Fazul Nabi2, Rui Gui2, Yanfang Lan2 and Houqiang Luo1,2*
...es were analyzed through enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) in 2015 and 2016. The diagnosis of avian leukosis virus subgroup A (ALV-A) infection was confirmed by necropsy, histopathological examinations and PCR analysis. The results showed, 20 chickens as positive for ALV-A (2.73%, 95% CI 1.7-4.2) and these chickens were found to be positive for ALV-A with the further distribution of 2.91% (95% CI 1.0-6.7), 3.70% (95% CI 1.5-7.5), 2.48% (95% CI 0.5-7.1...
Tausif Ahmad1, Iahtasham Khan2, Saddaf Razzaq1, Saeed-ul-Hassan Khan1,* and Raheela Akhtar3
...us specific indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA). Serum samples that were confirmed to be positive for B. abortus through serology were subjected to an rPCR in order to test its efficacy in detecting Brucella in blood of infected animals. Initially a Brucella genus-specific bcsp31 genomic region based rPCR was used. This was followed by two species-specificrPCRs that detected IS711 genomic region of B. abortus...
John G. Bruno
... aptamers as assessed by enzyme-linked aptamer sorbent assay (ELASA) screening were shown to specifically bind their cognate antibodies when captured by their Fc tails on the surface of Protein A-conjugated magnetic beads. While no clear similarities in the partial or complete primary DNA sequences or secondary stem-loop structures of these aptamers were observed, 3-dimensional computer models of these top ten anti-idiotypic aptamer candidates showed some topo...
Shams Ur Rehman, Muhammad Arif and Abdul Mateen
Soil-borne viruses in major potato growing areas of Pakistan
...double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Both the viruses were prevalent in Hazara and Malakand divisions. The average symptoms based incidence in Hazara divi-sion for PMTV was 8.83% and TRV was 6.80% while in Malakand division the average symptoms based inci-dence for PMTV was 8.46% and TRV was 9.95%. DAS-ELISA based average incidence in Hazara of PMTV and TRV was 17.34% and 11.99% respectively. The average DAS-ELISA based incid...
Burhan Azam1, Muhammad Naeem Tahir2,*, Faisal Shahzad2, Abdul Ghaffar3, Ghulam Abbas4, Madiha Gohar5 and Saima1
...es, exogenous fibrolytic enzyme may play important role by enhancing digestibility of fibre. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of varying level of fibrolytic enzyme in concentrate ration on dry matter (DM) intake, milk production and composition, and diet digestibility in Nili Ravi buffaloes. Four lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes of 3rd and 4th parity and milk production of 8±2.3 kg...
Baohua Chen1,2, Wenzhu Peng3, Jian Xu2, Jingyan Feng1,2, Chuanju Dong1,2 and Peng Xu2,3,*
...ge and diverse family of enzymes with a wide phylogenetic distribution. They are multifunctional enzymes that play a crucial role in cellular detoxification and oxidative stress tolerance. Comparing with that in mammals, investigation of GSTs is more complicated in teleosts because of the greater pressure they suffer in aquatic environment. In this study, we identified a set of 27 GSTs including 8 classes of members in commo...
Furukh Faiz1,2, Muhammad Issa Khan2, Masood Sadiq2 and Haq Nawaz3
...reserved for antioxidant enzymes assay analysis. The data showed that as the citrus waste percentage in the feed of the broiler was increased, its feed intake and the body weight decreased but the citrus waste has non-significant effect on the feed conversion ratio of the broiler birds. The results also showed that citrus waste in the feed have positive effect on the antioxidant status of the broiler birds. The activity of the superoxide dismutase, catalase an...
Madiha Hashmi1, Abid Hussain1, Shafiq ur Rehman1, Farida Ahmed2, Shahbaz Aslam3,Nadeem Afzal4 and Zaigham Abbas1,*
... E (IgE) was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in all serum samples. This study indicated that the frequency of both alleles HLA-DRB1*11and HLA-DRB1*12 in aero allergy patients is less as compared to healthy controls. HLA-DRB1*11 demonstrated significant association with aeroallergens and could have a protective role for allergy while HLA-DRB1*12 did not show any association with aeroallergen sensitization.
...
Ahmed Zein Elabdeen Mahmoud1, Muaz Magzob Abdellatif2* and Mohamed Abdelsalam Abdalla3
...=162) by ELISA, 3ABC-FMD enzyme immunoassay were positive (n=6) when ovine sera were tested. The study revealed that PPR-FMD viruses were circulating in the region and warrants proper control measures.
...
Furqan Sabir1, Muhammad Tayyab1,*, Bushra Muneer2, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Ali Raza Awan1, Naeem Rashid3, Muhammad Wasim1 and Sehrish Firyal1
... mM Fe3+. The enzyme exhibited Km and Vmax values of 50 mM and 2500 µmole/min respectively when sodium phytate was used as substrate. The stability of enzyme at a wide range of temperature and pH makes it a potential candidate to be used in the poultry feed industry.
... 
Rana Muhammad Aadil1,2*, Xin-An Zeng1, Saqib Jabbar3, Akmal Nazir2, Abid Aslam Mann2, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal Khan2, Abdullah2, Amna Ramzan2
...unds, microorganisms and enzyme analysis. The grapefruit juice was treated with processing variables of HPP treatment (0, 150, 200 and 250 MPa), temperature (40, 50 and 60 oC), for processing time of 3 minutes and thermal treatment was done in a water bath at 70 oC for 90 seconds. In HPP treatment (250 MPa/60 °C/3 min), significant reduction was observed in microorganisms, PME and PPO whereas improvement was observed in cloud value, t...
Zeenat Bano1,*, Sajid Abdullah1, Waqas Ahmad2, Muhammad Anjum Zia3 and Wardah Hassan1
...d effects on antioxidant enzymes i.e. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in vital organs (gills, liver and kidney) of fish, Cirrhina mrigala. The 3 different representative water samples and 60 fish samples (20 fish from each site) were collected from three sites i.e. fish-farm, hatchery and Indus River of Punjab, Pakistan. The results showed differences in physico-chemical parameters of water samples collected...
Farid S. Ataya,1,2,* Dalia Fouad,3,4 Ajamaluddin Malik,1 Nikolaos E. Labrou,5 Mohamed S. Daoud1,6 and Hesham M. Saeed7
...utathione transferase isoenzyme P1-1 gene from Camelus dromedarius (CdGSTP1-1). The coding sequence was cloned using RT-PCR. Sequence analysis demonstrated significant differences between amino acid sequence of C. dromedarius and other mammalian GSTP1-1 enzymes. Phylogenetic relationship was studied with different organisms belonging to animal kingdom and revealed that CdGSTP1-1 is grouped with th...
Tanzeela Riaz1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2,* and Syed Shahid Ali3
... phosphine on microsomal enzymes (NADPH-Cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH-CPR), ethylmorphine-N demethylase and aniline 4-hydroxylase) and soluble protein contents of a wheat grain pest, Trogoderma granarium collected from godowns of Punjab, Pakistan. Six populations of khpara beetle with different levels of susceptibility to phosphine were used in this study. Based on LC50, five populations (previously exposed to phosphine for 15 y...
Sidra Iqbal1, Muhammad Irfan2*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Fouzia Tabbsum1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1
...d substrates gave better enzyme yield as compared to chemical followed by steam. The highest FPase (2.526 IU/ml/min) activity was found at pretreatment conditions of 0.6% NaOH conc., 10% biomass loading and 4h reaction time while CMCase (2.803 IU/ml/min) at 1% NaOH conc., 15% biomass loading and 6h of reaction time. The proposed model was found highly significant as revealed by their F-values, P-values and R2 values. Results suggest the efficiency of Bacillus ...
Fatima Arshad1, Muhammad Irfan2*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3, Fouzia Tabbsum3, Javed Iqbal Qazi3
... production of cellulose enzyme using Box-Bhenken design of Response Surface Methodology. The pretreatment of substrate was conducted through Box- Bhenken design of Response Surface Methodology. Three factors with three levels such as H2SO4 conc. (0.6, 0.8, 1%), substrate conc. (5, 10, 15%) and residence time (4, 6, 8h) were employed for pretreatment with and without autoclaving at 121oC for 15 min. The enzyme production was...
Rimsha Nawaz1, Muhammad Javed1, Sidra Abbas1* and Safina Kousar2
...n chloride on peroxidase enzyme activity in the fish, Labeo rohita. For this purpose, four groups of Labeo rohita (one-year old) were exposed to different treatments as 96-h LC50, 2/3rd, 1/4th and 1/5th of LC50 concentrations of iron chloride for 30 days in the glass aquaria with three replications for each treatment. After 30-day exposure of iron chloride, the fish organs viz. kidney ...
Farah Rauf Shakoori, Momina Shokat, Faiza Saleem and Tanzeela Riaz
...justify;"> Xylanase enzyme is of great importance commercially because of its high stability at elevated temperatures and in alkaline conditions. The present study was aimed to isolate and screen xylanase producing bacteria and to optimize cultural conditions for maximum production of enzyme from locally isolated bacteria and to optimize the assay conditions under which enzyme possess...
Attia Anwar1, Sajida Malik2*, Zobia Usman1 and Sadia Chiragh3
...berine toxicity on liver enzymes, renal function, serum uric acid and blood cell counts of Sprague-Dawley rats. For this purpose, twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided in two groups. Group A (n=10) was given distilled water and Group B (n=10) was supplemented berberine hydrochloride with dose of 75 mg/kg body weight/day. 24 weeks post-treatment, blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture from both groups and tested for Hb (%), WBC, RBC and platelet cou...
Muhammad Naeem1, Bushra Sadia1,2,*, Faisal Saeed Awan1and Muhammad Anjum Zia3
...ns, EB4 gave the maximum enzyme activity (7.3 ± 0.005 U ml-1) with a zone diameter of 6 mm. While UV6 was found to be the best UV-induced mutant with an enzyme activity of 20.333 ± 0.006A U ml-1 and 16 mm of zone diameter. The current results indicated 400 % and 146% enhanced SK activity in mutants UV6 and EB4, respectively, compared to wild type. UV6 also exhibited the highest ...
Bashir Ahmad1, Muhammad Idrees1,*, Kafeel Ahmad1, Dawood Ahmad2, Sajid Ali3 and Shumaila Bashir4
...-PCR and PCR-restriction enzyme analysis. Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) and M. tuberculosis H37Rv were used as reference strains. RAPD-PCR differentiated the strains and authenticated the high molecular diversity. PCR-restriction enzyme analysis (PRA) profiles of all isolates and reference strains were found to be the same. PRA is a valid alternative to phenotypic identification in a routine diag...
Maryyum Khalil1, Hamda Azmat1,*, Noor Khan1, Arshad Javid2, Ali Hussain1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain3, Asim Ullah1 and Sumaira Abbas1
... the effect of exogenous enzyme (α-amylase) added feed on growth performance, health and hematological analysis of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (initialaverage weight 32.46±0.36 g). The 40% crude protein diet was prepared by adding feed ingredients along with 0.75, 0.50, 0.25, 0.00 g kg-1 of α-amylase as T1, T2, T3 and T4 (control). At the end of feeding trial, 100% survival rate was recorded. Growth rate was significantly i...
Saba Rafique1,2,*, Khalid Naeem1, Naila Siddique1, Muhammad Athar Abbas1, Aamer Ali Shah2, Akbar Ali1, Abdul Rahim1 and Farooq Rashid1
...racterized by RFLP using enzymes Alu I, Hae III, BstYI and XcmI. On the basis of its distinct RFLP pattern from other known IBV vaccine strains, the isolate was named as KU145467_NARC/786_Pakistan_2013 (also named as Pak-786) was subjected to Spike gene sequencing covering the amino-terminus region of 01 to 974 base pairs. The S protein sequence was submitted to the GenBank with accession number KU145467. Phylogenetic grouping and maximum nucleotide sequence i...
Amtul Jamil Sami1,*, Sehrish Bilal1, Madeeha Khalid1, Muhammad Tahir Nazir1 and A.R. Shakoori2
...ta indica on the CNS enzymes of a stored grain pest, Tribolium castaneum and a socioeconomic insect, Apis mellifera. A comparative study was designed to identify the role of saponins on insect acetylcholinesterase (AChEs). The enzyme activities were tested for the effect of saponins. The AChE activity of T. castaneum was inhibited by the saponins and follows competitive inhibition kinetics. In case o...
Nazish Shaukat1, Muhammad Javed1,Faiza Ambreen2* and Fariha Latif1
...se activity (antioxidant enzyme) in the gills and liver of Labeo rohita. Experiment was conducted in the laboratory by exposing four groups of Labeo rohita to different doses of PbCl2 viz. 96-h, 2/3rd, 1/4th and 1/5th of LC50, separately, for 30 days and compared with control group. After 30 days, fish was sacrificed and their gills and liver isolated to determine the effect of PbCl
Riaz Hussain*, Muhammad Riaz**, Mushtaq A. Saleem*** and Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi**
BIOCHEMICAL ABNORMALITIES INDUCED BY ABAMECTIN IN SIXTH INSTAR LARVAE OF THE RED FLOUR BEETLE, TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM (HERBST)
...ces in the activities of enzymes and quantities of total protein, soluble protein and FAA between strains and among concentrations. Abamectin, at LC and LC , changed the activities 10 20 /levels of TE, CE, AcP, total protein and FAA in the larvae of both the strains. The activities of alpha-amylase, glucoamylase and AkP remained non-significant at both doses in the two strains. In PAK strain larvae, the TE activity was inhibited with depletion of total protein...
Anum Rafique, Sajid Abdullah, Khalid Abbas, Huma Naz* and Wardah Hassan
...peroxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme from the kidneyof silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) was studied. Fish was divided into two groups. One group kept under chronic exposure of metals mixture (Pb+Cr) for 15 days and other group of fish was kept under controlled conditions. Partial purification of SOD was done by Ammonium sulphate precipitation. Ion-exchange column chromatography was used to purify enzyme for further...
Selçuk Kaplan1,* and Sertaç Atalay2
...age with the BfoI enzyme. Allele frequencies of A and B were found with 0.915 and 0.085 respectively. The genotype frequencies of IGF1 gene were 0.85 (AA), 0.13 (AB) and 0.02 (BB). The SNP in the exon 3 of the LEP gene was detected by amplification of the 494 bp region using specific primers and cleavage with the BcnI enzyme. The estimated frequencies of three genotypes including GG, GA and AA at Lep/Bcn...
Zhiping Hu, Hussain Ahmad, Jingfei Zhang, Lili Zhang and Tian Wang*
...m glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity was significantly increased in T1 group compared to CON group at 42d. Malondialdehyde content of liver in T1 group was lower than that of CON group. These results suggested that dietary supplementation of 10 mg/kg natamycin had a positive influence in broilers.
...
Abdul Nabi Jatt1,*, Sarfraz Ali Tunio1, Shaista Bano Memon1, Abdul Sattar Qureshi2 and Muhammad Aqeel Bhutto2
...icrobial species utilize enzymes as virulence factors to cause diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate enzymatic activities of the bacterial strain Shigella dysenteriae IM using API-ZYM test system. Out of nineteen different enzymes, S. dysenteriae IM strain was capable to poroduce nine enzymes, i.e., alkaline-phosphatase, acidic-phosphatase, lipase, val...
Basit Zeshan1,2,*, Mushtaq A. Saleem2,Javed Iqbal Wattoo2, Mohd Mokhtar Arshad1 and Maizan Mohamed1
...dentified by restriction enzyme and sequencing analysis. The in vitro expression of the truncated protein was analyzed in E. coli with a molecular weight of 38kDa determined through SDS-PAGE and confirmed by Western blotting. The recombinant truncated protein was then purified from the culture media. The immunogenicity of the protein was studied in an animal experiment on mice, in which mice were injected subcutaneously. These findings sugg...
Chuanpeng Zhou1, Heizhao Lin2,*, Zhong Huang2, Jun Wang1, Yun Wang1 and Wei Yu2
Sabah Mansoor1, Muhammad Tayyab1,*, Amna Jawad1, Bushra Munir2, Sehrish Firyal1, Ali Raza Awan1, Naeem Rashid3 and Muhammad Wasim1
...l dialysis. The refolded enzyme exhibited optimum activity at 55 °C between pH 8-9. The effect of metal ions on the activity of AMYSBS showed that Co2+ remarkably enhanced the enzyme activity and 500µM was recorded as optimal Co2+ concentration for the maximal activity of AMYSBS. Presence of ionic (SDS) and nonionic (Tween-20, TritonX-100) detergents showed an enhancing e...
Fouzia Tabssum1* and Syed Shahid Ali2
...Microbial pectinases are enzymes of industrial importance; they are being used commercially in a variety of ways such as clarification of the juices in beverage industries, tea making, and wastewater treatment among others. The present investigation was undertaken to isolate pectinase-producing bacteria from local habitats. To enrich the diversity of isolated bacteria that produce pectinase, samples were collected from the soil, water, fruits and vegetables wa...
Fouzia Tabssum1* and Syed Shahid Ali2
...Microbial pectinases are enzymes of industrial importance; they are being used commercially in a variety of ways such as clarification of the juices in beverage industries, tea making, and wastewater treatment among others. The present investigation was undertaken to isolate pectinase-producing bacteria from local habitats. To enrich the diversity of isolated bacteria that produce pectinase, samples were collected from the soil, water, fruits and vegetables wa...
Partial Characterization of α-amylase Produced from Aspergillus niger using Potato Peel as Substrate
Shahzad Mahmood1, Memuna Ghafoor Shahid1, Muhammad Irfan2, Muhammad Nadeem3*, Quratulain Syed3
...;amylase. The crude enzyme produced was further characterized. The results showed that enzyme had an optimum pH of 6.0 and stable in range of 4.0-6.0. Optimum temperature of enzyme was 40oC and attained 96% activity at 40oC for 70min. Metal profile showed that α-amylase activity was enhanced in the presence of Ca2+, Cs1+, Mn2+
Riyadh S. Aljumaah*, Mohammed A. Alshaikh, Abdulrahman Jarelnabi, Mutassim M. Abdelrahman and Mansour F. Hussein
...rmined using an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All camels tested were clinically normal. Out of 253 camels of either sex, 117 (21.99%) were found to be serologically positive to specific anti-N.caninum antibodies. Logistic regression analysis and estimation of odds ratio revealed significant association of the sex and location of the camels with N. caninum seropositivity. On the other hand, neither the breed nor age of the ca...
Noor Fatima1, Muhammad Irfan2,*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1
...In this study, cellulase enzyme production was assessed by pretreating cotton stalk with dilute sulphuric acid which was optimized through response surface methodology. Pretreatment conditions were optimized using three variable with three levels like sulfuric acid concentrations (0.6%, 0.8%, 1% v/v), biomass loading (5%, 10%, 15% w/v), and residence time (4, 6 and 8h). After pretreatment process, cellulase production was achieved by solid substrate which was ...
Jehangir Khan1,*, Rasheedullah1, Bakht Tarin Khan2, Ayaz Ahmad3, Muhammad Salman4 and Khalid Khan5
...hromatographic (ICT) and enzyme linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) techniques were applied for the presence of anti-HCV, while RT-PCR was used for active HCV infection. Our study reports an overall prevalence of HCV among 131 (14.55%), 103 (11.44%), and 94 (10.4%) by ICT, ELISA, and RT-PCR techniques in individuals belonging to 5 different age groups. The RT-PCR based results showed 53% HCV infection rate in samples from Tehsil Puran, 23% in Alpuri and 18% in ...
Leila A. Kaimbayeva1,*, Elena S. Malysheva2, Rashit Kazikhanov3 and Saule R. Kazikhanova4
...er, activities of tissue enzymes and microstructure changes. The results of chemical analysis revealed the nature of protein substances, altered рН value of the meat and the intensity of glycolysis. All these parameters were indicative of autolysis process in the meat. The levels of water-binding capacity and structural-mechanical properties of red deer meat that occurred during the course of autolysis were further confirmed by the histological cha...
Amna Kausar1,2, Sana Anwar1, Naila Siddique2, Safia Ahmed1 and Javid Iqbal Dasti1,*
...ples were scrutinized by enzyme linked immunosorbent essay (ELISA). Sero-prevalence of AIV among different species of wild birds was as follows; peacock (n=35; 14%), duck (n=5; 2%), migratory water fowl (n=3; 1%), pheasant (n=2; 0.8%), grey leg goose (n=1; 0.4%), turkey (n=1; 0.4%), eagle (n=1; 0.4%) and crane (n=1; 0.4%), for domesticated bird species sero-prevalence was; broiler (n= 152; 60%), rural poultry (n=14; 6%), domestic desi birds (n=12; 5%), pigeons...
Habib-ur-Rehman1, Masood Ahmed Siddiqui1,*, Abdul Qayyum1, Arifa Bano1 and Naeem Rashid2
... ion independency of the enzyme reported in this study make it a potential candidate for starch hydrolyzing industry.
...
Farah Rauf Shakoori1,*, Anum Feroz1, Ayesha Gondal1,Sahar Akram2 and Tanzeela Riaz3
...arbohydrate metabolizing enzymes, the activities of amylase and invertase were significantly reduced while activity of trehalase were significantly increased after treatment with sub lethal dose of λ-cyhalothrin as compared to control. The metabolic derangements induced by sub-lethal dose of λ-cyhalothrin suggest that infestation caused by T. granarium in godowns could be overcome by calculating lethal dose of λ-cyhalothrin.
...
Ghufran ul Haq1*, Muhammad Arif2, Asad Ali2 and Mian Inayatullah3
...Triple antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA) was successful in detecting TYLCV in naturally and whiteflies inoculated tomato plants. Transmission properties of the virus were determined by inoculation of tomato plants of susceptible cultivar, Roma-VF, by whiteflies, determining the minimum time required for acquisition and inoculation of the virus, latency period and the persistence capacity. The highest incidence of 9.47 percent of T...
Fazul Nabi1,2, Hui Zhang1, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal1 , Mujeeb ur Rehman1, Muhammad Shahzad3, Khalid Mehmood1,3 and Jiakui Li1,*
... in level of antioxidant enzymes and significantly increase in the MDA contents in TD afflicted chickens compared to control group. The SM administration to TD affected birds significantly ameliorated lameness, stimulated ALP level with a decrease in ALT and AST contents, increase in antioxidant parameter and decrease in MDA contents significantly (P<0.05). SM treatment of TD-afflicted birds prevented lameness and reinstated antioxidant imbalance. SM may be...
Jia-kui Li1,2,*, Kun Li2, Zhao-qing Han2, Hui Zhang2, Xiao-qiang Wang2, Hou-qiang Luo2, Yan-fang Lan2 and Gang Qiu1,2
... by employing commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit to test the prevalence of BVDV(Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus) in yaks in Hongyuan, Sichuan province, a cold climate and high altitude area of China. Totally, 516 yak serum samples were randomly got during 2012 to 2014. BVDV was found highly prevalent among the adult yaks (51.1%; 95% CI: 46.5-55.6) and calves (60.5%; 95% CI: 43.4-76.0), respectively. The prevalence of BVDV infection in 2012 to...
Tayfun Karataş
...abolites and antioxidant enzymes, thiobarbituric acid reacting substance levels, endogenous reserves in liver and muscle tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Eight-days of fasting caused a significant decrease in glucose, total protein, triglyceride, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein levels as well as protein and lipid reserves in liver and muscle tissue of fish (p<0.05). The fasting period had no significan...
Amna Waseem, Sikander Ali* and Syeda Wajiha Khalid
...usmn;2.48 U/g. The crude enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation method at 40 %. The molecular weight of the enzyme was found to be 33 kDa. The results showed that the enzyme produced from mutant strain gave significantly higher (p≤0.05) lipase activity than the wild-type. From the results presented in the study, it was observed that maximum lipase activity could effective...
Zartasha Anjum1*, Rakhshindah Bajwa2 and Munazza Hassan3
...droxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoAR). Several studies have reported the anti-tumoral properties of statins by exhibiting anti-proliferative properties in HMG-CoAR positive breast carcinomas. Increased efficacy has also been observed when these were used as combination therapy along with tamoxifen in estrogen receptor (ER) and HMG-COAR positive breast carcinomas. However, in our local population, expression of HMG-COAR is not investigated. The...
Syed Aun Muhammad1, Muhammad Soaib Said2, Shams Ur Rehman2, Muhammad Dawood2, Muneer Ahmed Qazi3 and Nighat Fatima2,*
...of production hydrolytic enzyme New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1). The enzyme NDM-1 is responsible for bacterial resistance against almost all the β-lactam antibiotics. Therefore, NDM-1 inhibitors can play an important role against these emerging highly resistant microorganisms. The existing beta lactamase inhibitors are considered ineffective against these superbugs and there is an urgent need for discovery of...
Farah Rauf Shakoori1,*, Tanzeela Riaz2, Uzma Ramzan1, Anum Feroz1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori2,3,*
...arbohydrate metabolizing enzymes, the activities of trehalase, amylase and invertase were significantly reduced after treatment with sub lethal dose of esfenvalerate as compared to control. The metabolic derangements induced by sub-lethal dose of esfenvalerate suggest that infestation caused by T. granarium in godowns could be overcome by calculating lethal dose of esfenvalerate.
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