Sehrish Kanwal1, Ali Saeed1*, Muhammad Munir2, Memoona Arshad1
Life Sciences International Journal Issue 7 Volume 1
... Pakistani livestock population during 2011 and 2012. To ascertain the genetic nature of circulating FMD virus, samples were collected from suspected outbreaks in Southern Punjab. The virus was primarily detected with RT-PCR with P1/P2 and 1F/1R universal primer pairs directly from field samples including tissues, vesicle and secretion. The direct sequencing and subsequent analysis of amplified PCR products for VP1 gene indi...
Gregg D. Caruso
Science, Religion and Culture
...t-align: justify;">The relationship between science, religion, and culture has been a subject of profound interest for philosophers, scientists, theologians, and cultural historians for centuries. In fact, as far back as the ancient Greeks, when Thales of Miletus and other pre-Socratic philosophers began to offer scientific explanations of the natural world, questions about the relationshi...
Victor J. Stenger
Science, Religion and Culture
... treatises. They are popular books addressed to a public that is becoming increasingly disenchanted with organized religion and its negative influence on society. The new approach takes a harder line in criticizing religion than was previously the case amongst secularists. The new atheists question whether faith, which is belief despite the absence of evidence or even in the presence of contrary evidence, has any moral or in...
Keith Ward
Science, Religion and Culture
...d ‘Why this particular set of laws and not some other?’ (p. 19). In his book he proposes to answer those questions, from a purely scientific point of view (‘Philosophy is dead’, he announces on p. 13, even though the whole book is an exercise in scientifically informed philosophy). But there is something very odd about this. Nowhere in the book does he mention consciousness, value, or thought. In fact...
Sehrish Kanwal, Ali Saeed, Muhammad Munir, Memoona Arshad
British Journal of Virology
... Pakistani livestock population during 2011 and 2012. To ascertain the genetic nature of circulating FMD virus, samples were collected from suspected outbreaks in Southern Punjab. The virus was primarily detected with RT-PCR with P1/P2 and 1F/1R universal primer pairs directly from field samples including tissues, vesicle and secretion. The direct sequencing and subsequent analysis of amplified PCR products for VP1 gene ind...
Francisco J. Ayala and John C. Avise (eds.)
Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014, 547 pp., $47.64 (hbk),
ISBN 1421413051.
Reviewed by David Pindel
Science, Religion and Culture
...ustify;">This book is Ayala and Avise’s attempt to address a serious oversight in the scientific literature – no volume of essential readings in evolutionary biology exists, despite the fact that evolution remains central to and is the unifying principle of the biological sciences. To remedy this, they have put together an impressive collection of classical papers, encompassing virtually all aspects of evolutiona...
John Shook
Science, Religion and Culture
...xploring unbelief and explaining its reasonableness. Scientific atheology specifically appeals to current sciences and scientific methodologies to help explain why no gods are real. Folk religions and anthropomorphic gods can’t survive, but science vs. religion is hardly the whole story. Only science joined by philosophical reflection suffices to skeptically analyze the natural theology arguments for supernatural gods,...
Ruse, Michael, The Gaia Hypothesis: Science on a Pagan Planet, The University of Chicago Press, 2013, 251 pp, $26.00, ISBN 978-0-226-73170-4
Science, Religion and Culture
...ry David Thoreau, particularly Civil Disobedience (1849) and Walden (1854). Respectively, Thoreau’s well-reasoned politics and his keen observations of the natural world appealed to my hormone-driven defiance and pacified my unruliness. I thought I knew my Thoreau.
...
Tom Gilson & Carson Weitnauer (eds), True Reason: Confronting the Irrationality of the New Atheism (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 2013), 315pp, US$17.99 (paperback), ISBN 978-0-8254-4338-1
Reviewed by Gregory W. Dawes, Associate Professor of Philosophy
Science, Religion and Culture
...e modern sciences, the relations between faith and reason and religion and science, the role of religion in supporting our moral convictions, the reliability of the biblical accounts of Jesus’ life, and the problems posed by biblical endorsements of slavery and genocide. No review could do justice to so wide a range of issues, so my aim here is simply to offer some general reflections on the strategies employed....
Timothy Helton
In a Mirror Dimly: Anthropology and Restoring a Sense of Presence to an Empty World
...ects of their study. Scholars that approach religion as an object fit only for analysis discover in it a model of an objectified universe; and those that assume a universe subject only to natural law find in the religions that they study worlds devoid of others–sterile worlds populated only by selves incapable of meaningful relationships. The essay...
Johanna Lindahl 1, 2
British Journal of Virology
...n rural areas....
Sehrish Kanwal1, Ali Saeed1*, Muhammad Munir2, Memoona Arshad1
British Journal of Virology
... Pakistani livestock population during 2011 and 2012. To ascertain the genetic nature of circulating FMD virus, samples were collected from suspected outbreaks in Southern Punjab. The virus was primarily detected with RT-PCR with P1/P2 and 1F/1R universal primer pairs directly from field samples including tissues, vesicle and secretion. The direct sequencing and subsequent analysis of amplified PCR products for VP1 gene indi...
El-Sayed M. Abdelwhab, Jutta Veits and Thomas C. Mettenleiter
Avian Influenza H5N1 in Egypt: What we Know and What we have to Know?
...while, the viruses accumulated several point mutations in the HA immunogenic epitopes resulting in antigenic drift and the establishment of infections in vaccinated poultry. The Egyptian H5N1 viruses remain susceptible to oseltamivir, but genetic markers indicating resistance to amantadine have increased dramatically. In this mini-review, we discuss recent findings on the H5N1 viruses endemic in poultry and humans in Egypt, and suggest possible options to cont...
Lei Chen, Ling Zhu, Zhi-Wen Xu, Wan-Zhu Guo
Molecular Genetics of Aichivirus C (Porcine Kobuvirus) in China
...rief summary about molecular and epidemiology characterizations of Chinese Aichivirus C strains. Mutiple Aichivirus C strains and Aichivirus C variants are circulating in China. Recombination events were also observed in Chinese Aichivirus C strains. More further studies are needed to clarify the evolutionary features and pathogenicity of Aichivirus C.
...
Joseph Andrew Bracken
Metaphysics for a World in Evolution
...sts, for example, by and large employ an instrumentalist approach to the study of the laws of nature. Their aim is to deal, not with things in themselves (the Kantian noumena) but with their empirical manifestation (Kantian phenomena) via tentative hypotheses subject to empirical verification. In the humanities, there is deep suspicion of so-called “meta-narratives” that offer a comprehensive vision of reality on...
David N. Livingstone, Dealing with Darwin. Place, Politics, and Rhetoric in Religious Engagements with Evolution, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014, 265 pp., ISBN 13: 978-1-4214-1326-6
Reviewed by Francisco J. Ayala, University Professor & Donald Bren Professor of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, email: fjayala@uci.edu
Science, Religion and Culture
... by his contemporary scholars, particularly by theologians and religious authors? That is the subject of the thoroughly researched and elegantly written book by David N. Livingstone, Dealing with Darwin. Place, Politics, and Rhetoric in Religious Engagements with Evolution....
Reviewed by David Svolba, Fitchburg State University, USA email: dsvolba@fitchburgstate.edu
Science, Religion and Culture
... exempting citizens from laws that compel them to act in ways their religions forbid, or that forbid them from acting in ways their religions require. According to Brian Leiter, religious tolerance, in this sense, is prima facie morally justified.1 It is prima facie morally justified because religion is a source of claims of conscience, and liberty of conscience is supported on both broadly Kantian and utilitarian grounds. P...
Reviewed by John Shook, University at Buffalo, USA; Email: jshook@pragmatism.org
Science, Religion and Culture
...f the most prominent scholars across the humanities and sciences the same five ques- tions about science and religion, what would you ask? This opportunity came to philosopher Gregg D. Ca- ruso, thanks to a publisher whose “5 Questions” series is permitting readers to examine direct answers on all sorts of topics from today’s premier public intellectu- als. Reading the answers about science and religion in this volume is consistently informat...
Reviewed by Rick Repetti, Kingsborough Community College, CUNY; Email: Rick.Repetti@kbcc.cuny.edu
Science, Religion and Culture
...faith, which Boghossian claims is “pretending to know things one doesn’t know.”...
Stephen Kershnar
...central ideas. In particular, I argue that Metz fails to show that there is meaning in life and that, even if there is, his theory likely fails to capture it....
H. Bruce Rinker
...e of modern science that later accelerated especially with the emergence of ecology and evolutionary thinking. However, the strict determinism and mechanistic assumptions inherent in the physical sciences delayed unification and, thereby, contributed inadvertently to the present-day scourges of fragmentation such as human-accelerated climate change and biodepletion. A philosophia prima is now required to repair and reunite h...
Mark Zelcer
...ishing of numer- ous popular science textbooks in Yiddish, like Z. P. Nathans’ Populere erḳlerung fun Aynshṭayn’s relaṭiṿiṭeṭ ṭeorye (Popular Explanations of Einstein’s Theory of Rel- ativity) and Yiddish translations of scientific cla...
Sandeep Satapathy and Rupam Ghosh
...out the year seasonally claiming several lives. IL-6/IL-2 receptors have been identified as crucial mediators for clearance of influenza by up regulating several intracellular defense mechanisms. Associated with IL-6 signalling is the expression acceleration of sequestrome 1(SQSTM1) / aggrosome and colocalization of HDAC6 to the cytoplasm. The key p
Yanina Panzera1*, Nicolas Sarute1, Lucia Carrau1, Jaime Aldaz2, Ruben Perez1
...ic diversity of the circulating strains....
Hanqin Shen1,3, Boliang Wu1,2, Guangwei Li1, Feng Chen1, Qingbin Luo1,3, Yimin Chen1, Qingmei Xie1,2,3*
..., which has been in circulation for two decades, has become the predominant subtype in China, attracting considerable attention due to human infections and the contribution of internal genes to H5N1 and H7N9 influenza viruses. Multiple H9N2 AIV genotypes have been identified from various species, including birds and mammals. H9N2 AIVs could spread through water, air, and live bird markets. Since the first isolate from 1994 i...
Ye Liu2, Yulong Cong2, Yiming Shao1*
.... However, HIV Tat also plays immunoregulation roles in improving immune responses of vaccines. Herein, we review recent developments of HIV Tat as immunoregulator using for optimizing the efficacy of vaccines. By highlighting preclinical/clinical applications of Tat and its working mechanisms, this review exhibits the superior potential of Tat as immunoregula
Aradhana Chopra1, Ravi Shukla2 and Tarun Kumar Sharma2,3*
... applications. Since the last decade, aptamers have been regarded as an emerging player in biology. They have found applications not only in biosensors, but also in other areas such as diagnostics, biomarker discovery, drug delivery, bio-imaging and molecular therapy. In this review we have summarized recent advancements and applications of aptamers in biology....
Maureen McKeague1, Maria C. DeRosa2*
...nucleic acid-based molecular recognition elements, are generated through an in vitro evolution process called SELEX. The selection of aptamers with optimal specificity and high affinity remains a challenge, leading to the recent emergence of elegant new approaches and tools for SELEX. In this commentary, we discuss recent advancements in the selection of aptamers....
Nicola J. Stonehouse
...efore be useful as molecular tools and also as novel therapeutic agents. This commentary describes RNA aptamers selected to bind to the RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase of foot-and-mouth disease virus. The aptamers are able to inhibit the function of the enzyme both in vitro and in the context of a sub-genomic replicon and highlight the future potential of this technology in many aspects of virus research as well as in diagnostics and therapeutics....
Justin P. McBrayer
...od, the most famous formulation of a prudential reason for belief is Pascal’s Wager. And although Pascal’s Wager fails, its failure is instructive. Pascal’s Wager fails because it relies on unjustified assumptions about what happens in the afterlife to those who believe in God verses those who do not. A renewed wager can avoid this difficulty by relying solely on well-documented differences between those who believe in God verses those who do...
Mark Zelcer
...d religion written for a lay audience. Comprised of five loosely connected chapters dealing with a plethora of interesting themes, the book is principally a polemic against inserting metaphysical assumptions into mathematics, science, and religion. The book focuses on the metaphysical worldviews of philosophers, scientists, mathematicians, and religious thinkers. Though for reasons I elaborate on la<...
Justin P. McBrayer
...od, the most famous formulation of a prudential reason for belief is Pascal’s Wager. And although Pascal’s Wager fails, its failure is instructive. Pascal’s Wager fails because it relies on unjustified assumptions about what happens in the afterlife to those who believe in God verses those who do not. A renewed wager can avoid this difficulty by relying solely on well-documented differences between those who believe in God verses those who do...
Bruce L. Gordon
...ost common view of the relationship between science and Scripture held in the evangelical community and, unfortunately but understandably, the view of science most non-Christians associate with evangelicalism. For scientifically literate non-Christians, it presents an obstacle to Christian faith, and for young Christians who have been raised to equate YEC with the teaching of Scripture, it can destroy their faith altogether when its falsity is discovered. With...
Michael R. Molnar
... suspicions that some explanations may have taken liberties to support religious beliefs. That idea is central to one of the more recent publications on this subject. Aaron Adair promotes his book, “The Star of Bethlehem: A Skeptical View,” with the claim that no one can ex- plain the Star. The Star, he says, has no historical basis nor can it even be exp<...
Kathryne E. Taylor1 and Karen L. Mossman1,2*
... revealed a potential explanation for some of this confusion – namely, that ICP0 has important functions in the cytoplasm that have been generally disregarded, due to the fact that many frequently used experimental manipulations restrict this protein to the nucleus. This commentary discusses the significance of these findings to the ICP0 field....
Xingdong Yang and Lijuan Yuan
... through deliberate inoculation with a particular virus strain or bacterial species and being maintained free of unwanted microbiota in sterile isolators. The sterile surgical derivation and gnotobiotic status of the pigs allow studies of the infection, disease and immune responses caused by a specific pathogen in the absence of interfering maternal antibodies, other maternal immune regu
Matheus Nunes Weber1, Simone Silveira1, André Felipe Streck1, Luís Gustavo Corbellini2, Cláudio Wageck Canal1*
...can possibly reason the placement of governmental veterinary measures in the near future....
Simon Mwangi Kihu1*, George Chege Gitao1, Lily Caroline Bebora1, Njenga Munene John1, Gidraph Gachunga Wairire2, Ndichu Maingi1, Raphael Githaiga Wahome1, Davis Njuguna Karanja1, Julius Otieno Oyugi3, Ernest Lutomia3
...cal disease was observed later in 2006 following dramatic and devastating PPR outbreaks in Turkana County. In this context, an outbreak of PPRV was observed in Tukana County in 2011 and the current study detail the clinical, pathological and laboratory findings of this outbreak. The disease was clinically manifested by the depression, diarrhea, difficult breathing, muco-purulent ocular-nas...
James Ayukepi Ayukekbong1,2
E-mail | james.ayukekbong@microbio.gu.se
... the world. Dengue and malaria are endemic in Nigeria. Two independent studies among febrile patients revealed dengue IgG seroprevalence of 73% and malaria prevalence of 80% in some areas of the country. The diagnosis of the disease is further complicated by the fact that, dengue fever mimics malaria fever and the prevalence of dengue-malaria co-infectio...
Gregg D. Caruso
...is destined to become a classic and is essential reading for anyone interested in free will and moral responsibility....
John Martin Fischer
...s it sounds.” Similarly, Derk Pereboom has convinced most of us working in this field that moral responsibility skepticism, at least of his kind, is not as bad as it sounds. Indeed, through his important work culminating (thus far) in this significant book, he has convinced me that the view is subtle, very plausible, and even deeply attractive. Whereas there are other forms of moral responsibility skepticism on the ...
Dana Kay Nelkin
...nal issues. The main pillars of the account remain, including incompatibilism between free will and determinism, skepticism about free will on a combination of conceptual and empirical grounds, and the thesis that life on the assumption that we do not have free will can be meaningful and perhaps even better in certain important respects than life on the assumption that we have it. At the same time, there are some subtle shifts in particu
Derk Pereboom
...y treatment of the manipulation argument in Chapter 4. Fischer’s core strategy for resisting this argument is (at least initially) a soft-line reply. Soft-liners claim that in some manipulation cases the agent is not morally responsible, and in others he is. A corollary of the soft-line reply is that there is a pla
Weili Kong1, Guangpeng Ma2 and Jinhua Liu1*
...uctural 1 (NS1) protein plays a crucial role in moderating the virulence of influenza virus by multiple mechanisms. Due to C-terminal ‘tail’ (CTT) truncation of NS1, there are length variation types of NS1 in different subtype influenza viruses. CTT functions in several ways to defeat the cellular innate immune responses. Here, we discuss those different effects of CTT truncation or elongation of NS1 protein in d...
Khalid Usman, Aziz-Ur-Rehman
...nts are influenced by tillage and time of nitrogen application as well as soil type and cropping system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of spring wheat seeded in three tillage systems viz., zero (ZT), reduced tillage (RT), and conventional tillage (CT) to split application of N fertilizer [50 kg N at sowing + 100 kg N ha-1 at fi...
Muhammad Arif1, Fazal Jalal1, Mohammad Tariq Jan1, Dost Muhammad2
...f legumes in summer gap (land available after wheat harvest till maize sowing). Legumes i.e. mungbean, cowpea and sesbania with a fallow were adjusted in the summer gap with and without biochar application. Biochar was applied at the rate of 0 and 50 t ha-1 with four N levels of 0, 90, 120, 150 kg ha-1 to subsequent maize crop. Biochar significantly enhanced plant height and grain yield. T...
Zaheer Ahmed Deho1, Shamsuddin Tunio2, Qammaruddin Chachar2, Fateh Chand Oad2
...y response to different planting times. The variety Sadori exhibited higher values for most of the traits like sympodial branches plant-1 (14.28), seed cotton yield plant-1 (51.04g), seed cotton yield (2223kgha-1), ginning out turn (36.8%), seed index (7.4 g), and seed germination (58.5 %) as compared to other varieties. The normal (1st May sown crop) sowing showed significantly highest va...
Salma Shaheen, Muhammad Jamil Khan, Saleem Jilani
... higher average spinach plant height (35 cm), number of leaves (16.4), fresh foliage yields (330 g pot-1), dry foliage yields (32 g pot-1), leaf length (40.5 cm) and leaf area (238.4 mm2) relative to poultry manure, compost or FYM treatments. Similar trend was observed during 2010-11. Over all, press mud with EM was more effective in improving soil quality and enhancing spinach growth and ...
Muhammad Irshad1, Abdur Rab1, Javed Rahman2, Muhammad Sajid1, Ilyas Khan2, Sajad Ali1, Muhammad Razaq1, Sallahuddin1
... influence of different planting dates and media on the growth of kiwi (cv. Hayward) cuttings at Agriculture Research Institute (ARI) Mingora Swat, during 2011. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement in three replications. Planting Dates (20th Jan, 30th Jan, 10th Feb, 20th Feb and 2nd March) were allocated to main plots, whereas s...
Muhammad Ashraf Khan1, Hizbullah Khan1, Abid Farid2
...es were conducted in the laboratory to assess the effects of Helicoverpa armigera nu- cleopolyhedrovirus (HaNPV) applied to eggs of Sitotroga cerealella Olive, on emergence of and para- sitism by female Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) emerged from HaNPV- treated host eggs. The percent emergence (mean) of tiny parasitoid from host eggs treated during egg, larval and pupal stages with the viru...
Shahid Ali, Munir Khan
...hastic frontier Cobb-Douglas production function to ascertain the level of technical efficiency. The econometric computer software STATA was applied for the estimation. The estimated value of technical efficiency ranges from 34 to 88 per cent for the farms in the sample, with an average of 62 per cent. This means that if the average farmer in the sample was to achieve the technical efficiency level of its most efficient counterpart, then the average farmer cou...
Arshad Ali Khan1, Muhammad Sajid1, Abdur Rab1, Sahib Alam2, Abdul Bari3
...ighest number of leaves plant-1 (75.25) and yield (49.25 t ha-1) were gained by Falcon in 50-50 treatment during, 2010. However, the plant height (134 cm) and fruit size (147.1 cm3) were higher at 25-75 and 75-25 treatment, respec- tively. Whereas, the less number of leaves plant-1 (15), plant height (28.25 cm), fruit size (92.3 cm3) and tomato yield (7....
Mohammad Fayaz, Abbas Ullah Jan, Dawood Jan
...expenditure and quality elasticities for five vegetables namely potato, onion, tomato, cabbage & cauliflower and peas, mostly consumed in Pakistan. A comparison of quality elasticity between urban and rural households is provided using Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) data from Pakistan Social and Standards Living Measurement (PSLM) 2010-11. The elasticities of interest were...
Farhad Zulfiqar, Muhammad Ashfaq
...of supply greatly helps planners and policy makers to allocate and achieve production targets and in longer term planning. A study was conducted during 2009-10 with an objective to estimate the wheat yield response function in two agro-ecological zones in Punjab. The method of ordinary least square was used. Time series data for different explanatory variable (eco- nomic, location and clim...
Raja Waqar Ahmed Azad, Tahir Sarwar
...ss the ageing effect of Plain Cement Concrete (PCC) lined watercourses on conveyance losses/efficiency in district Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kash- mir. Three watercourses namely, Sarai, Derkot and Mera Dadu were selected randomly on aging basis. Watercourses Sarai, Derkot and Mera Dadu were constructed in 2000, 2006-07 and 2011, respectively. Conveyance losses in the selected watercourses were determined by inflow-outflow method, wherein the flow velocity w...
Mohammed Ali Hussain, Zakiya Ahmed Hassan
...ina). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among maize hybrids for all the traits. The hybrid un44052 x DK took minimum days to tasseling (65.83 days) and silking (68.50 days). Hybrid zp-707 x un 44052 was short statured (155.59 cm) with desirable ear height of 62.93 cm. However, maximum leaf area produced by hybrid DK x Hs in both locations with ...
Stephen Suleyman Schwartz
...cities by rejecting the claim that extremism and terror are not aspects of Islamic history. To declare, as even French president Francois Hollande did, “these terrorists and fanatics... have nothing to do with the Muslim religion” is inaccurate....
Hussein Rashid
...f Muhammad printed in Jyllands-Postens, a Danish newspaper, in 2005. In addition, the release of a You- Tube film in 2011 called Innocence of Muslims is often cited as a proximate cause of an attack on a US consulate in Benghazi, Libya. This narrative sets up an easily understood conflict between Islam and free speech....
Massimo Pigliucci, K.D.
...arlie Hebdo, which took place on 7 January 2015. Some of the commentary has been insightful, some full of pious platitudes about defense of free speech by sources with not exactly a stellar record in that department, and some of it has ranged from the woefully uninformed to the downright awful. It is, therefore, with some recalcitrance that I write these lines, particu
John Teehan
...e again, the threat of Islamic radicalism to the foreground of public consciousness. Such attacks, of course, raise vital questions of public safety and the costs we are willing to pay for that safety. They also raise questions of how to understand the complex conditions that give rise to such events and the conditions for such events are always complex, even when facile “explanations” are readily avai
Ozgur Koca
... the use of violence escalates among certain human collectivities. At this point in history particularly Muslims appear to be subject to this problem as evinced by the emergence of many militant and terrorist organizations like al-Qaeda, ISIL, Boko Haram and the escalation of sectarian violence between the Shi’a and the Sunnis in Iraq and Syria....
Michael Shermer
... quiz: What did the assailants shout after murder- ing 17 people in Paris in January, 2015, including edi- tors and cartoonists of the satirical publication Charlie Hebdo?
A. “Moses rocks!”
B. “Jesus saves!”
C. “Vishnu lives!”
D. “Buddha avenged!” E. “Atheists rule!”
F. “Allahu Akbar!”
Lawrence Krauss
...rotests throughout the Islamic world to the bittersweet cover published the week following that tragedy....
Varadaraja V. Raman
...ir own people, the most glaring instance was in post-Revolutionary France during the Reign of Terror. On the other hand disgruntled, oppressed, and frustrated citizens (Irish Catholics, Algerian Muslims, Sri Lankan Tamils, etc.) have terrorized people and governments for various causes.There has also been terrorism by the majority on the minority in communities and nations: for example, Jews in Nazi Germany, Kurds in Saddam Hussein’s Iraq, and B
Frank Griffel
...ish supermarket two days later, yet another Western country asked itself why do they attack us? Why do they hate us? France experiences a moment of bewilderment and soul-searching similar to the one the US went through after the attacks of September 2001 and to what took place in Britain after July 5, 2005. The gut-reaction of nations struck by such horrific acts of terrorism is to say: We...
Gerald Misinzo1,*, Tebogo Kgotlele1, Epaphras A. Muse1, Jan Van Doorsselaere2, Mikael Berg3, and Muhammad Munir4
...gene, the PPRV has been classified into four lineages. Serological investigations in Tanzania indicate that peste des petits ruminants (PPR) was introduced in 2004 in Ngorongoro district bordering Ken- ya before official confirmation of the disease in most districts of Northern Tanzania in 2008. In 2011, the presence of PPRV in goats of southern Tanzania district of Tandahimba bordering Mozambique was reported. The aim of this study was to perform molecu
Paulo Eduardo Brandao
... field....
Muhammad Mushtaq
E-mail | mushtaq@uaar.edu.pk
...ducted in Abbottabad - Balakot tract of the northern Pakistan for testing the effectiveness of groundnut – maize grain bait in delivering the lethal amount of strychnine alkaloid in controlling the Indian crested porcupine, Hystrix indica, during 2006-07. Indian crested porcupine is a severe forest and agricultural pest throughout southern Asia and the Middle East, including Pakistan. The results suggested that in case of pre-baiting trial, a 25% reducti...
Yashab Tur
Science, Religion and Culture, Vol. 2, Iss. 2
...unters cylinder-powered platen printing machines, the telegraph, the steam ships and railways—all coming from countries dimly perceived and barely understood. These fruits of modern science are accompanied by a host of ideas about the emergence and propagation of life on earth which, to the lay believer, seemed outright un-Godly. Marwa Elshakry, now an Associate Professor of History at Columbia University, explores the...
Thomas J. Coleman III
Science, Religion and Culture, Vol. 2, Iss. 2, Pages 39-41
...ecifically, who gets to claim both the man and his theory in support of their ideological worldview? If you were like me, at first glance this would be an obvious answer: godless naturalism intertwined with the “New Atheism” of the Richard Dawkins’s and Sam Harris’s of the world gets to lay claim to the man and his ideas, or at le...
Nayle Maria Oliveira da Silva1*, Ricardo do Carmo Zanella2
...of the world’s population is infected with the virus. Patients in hemodialysis units have an increased risk for contracting HCV, and high prevalence rates have been found in hemodialysis units around the world. HCV induces chronic liver disease, which is characterized by a persistent hepatic parenchyma inflammatory process that may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. Viral clearance occurs in a minority of patie...
Muhammad Zahid1*, Muhammad Salman2, Shah Alam Khan2, Alamzeb1, Inamullah Khan1
...align: justify; ">Peach flat-headed borer, Sphenoptera dadkhani (Oben.) is the major insect-pest of stone fruit orchards. Survey of three districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa revealed the highest mean infestation in plum orchards of district Peshawar (89.60%), followed by Nowshera (75.79%) and Swat (45.42%). In peach orchards, highest mean infestation was recorded in Peshawar (88.33%), followed by Nowshera (72.77%) and Swat (53.72%). The mean infestation o...
Chun-Yi Lin1, Meng-Ling Wu2, Tang-Long Shen1, Hsin-Hung Yeh3, Ting-Hsuan Hung1*
...rus. Two multiplex molecular detection methods provide the understanding of the genetic diversities among viroid isolates and quantify viroids in citrus host. Our field survey can help clarify citrus-viroid relationships and develop proper prevention strategies in the near future.
...
Rashid Saleem1*, Zammurad Iqbal Ahmad2, Muhammad Abbas Anees2, Abdul Razzaq3 and Ashiq Saleem1
...Research Centre (NARC) Islamabad, Pakistan. Cropping systems were kept in vertical blocks and fertility treatments in horizontal blocks replicated thrice with RCBD strip block system. Sole mungbean and intercropped mungbean with maize were treated with five fertility treatments (T1, control; Phosphorus and Potash (PK) (80-60 kg ha-1) + inoculation, T3, (120-80-60 NPK kg ha-1); T4, poultry manure (PM) @ 15 t ha-1 and half PM+...
Suresh V Kuchipudi* and Kin-Chow Chang
...l muscle constitutes the largest soft tissue mass in the body whose principal roles are postural maintenance and locomotion. Comprising heterogeneous multi-nucleated fibres, skeletal muscle is one of more astounding and unusual tissues in the body in its ability to undergo dramatic phenotypic changes in response to physical demands, age and disease. The contributions of skeletal muscle to immune response and virus pathogenesis are increasingly recognized. Re...
Galina N. Leonova1*, Ilya G. Kondratov2, Sergei I. Belikov2
... the Russian Far East isolated from Ixodes persulcatus ticks and one strain was isolated from the blood of a person after a tick bite. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these strains are related to LI/A and LI/K strains isolated in England and Scotland.
...
Hu Zenglei1 and Xiufan Liu1, 2*
... responses to infection play important role in the pathologenesis of NDV, and correlate with the severity of the clinical disease. Virulent strains of different genotypes induce distinct pathological manifestations in chicken organs, especially in lymphoid tissues. Genotype VIId of NDV, which is currently endemic in many countries of Asian and Middle East, replicates at a significantly higher level, induces more potent innat...
Malik Ikram Ullah1, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1*, Muhammad Sadiq1, Inayatullah Awan1, Muhammad Munir2, Ghazanfarullah1
...its and quality such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf area plant-1, leaf area index, chlorophyll content, green fodder yield, dry matter yield, crude protein, crude fiber and ash percentage were significantly increased with increase nitrogen levels (200, 240, and 280 kg N ha-1). However, highest benefit-cost ratio was estimated when 240 kg N ha-1 was applied which was found best compromise between forage yield and qualit...
Muhammad Mudassar Maqbool1, Anser Ali1, 2 *, Tanveer ul Haq1, Muhammad Nasir Majeed1, Dong Jin Lee2
...ut also on the stage of plant growth at which it develops. A pot study was conducted during 2011-12 at College of Agriculture, Dera Ghazi Khan, to assess the effect of induced water stress on performance of different wheat varieties at critical growth stages. Three wheat varieties viz. Faisalabad-2008, Lasani-2008 and Kohistan-97 were manually sown in polythene lined pots. Five water stress treatments were created by withhol...
Ahmed Sultan Jatoi1*, Shahid Mehmood2, Jibran Hussain2, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq2, Yassar Abbas3, Muhammad Akram2
...domly picked up from available stock and then placed into 108 experimental units (replicates comprising 20 chicks each). Growth parameters i.e. weekly body weight (g), weight gain (g), times of weight gain, feed intake (g) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were calculated during the study period. Data were analysed by ANOVA technique and means were compared by using DMR test. The results of ...
Nisar Ahmad1*, Inayatullah Jan2, Saif Ullah1 and Sidra Pervez1
...iculture sector over the last few decades, credit needs of the farmers have increased rapidly. Credit is considered an important factor for raising the productivity and income of the farmers. The current study attempts to analyse the impact of credit on wheat productivity in district Jhang. Furthermore, study explores the purpose of farmers for acquiring loan and major sources of credit in district Jhang. This study is based on primary data collected in 2013 f...
Dallin D. Oaks
...n taken seriously by scholars in historical linguistics, but what are regarded by some as problematic aspects of the account may actually relate to claims that have been incorrectly attributed to the account. In fact, the account may not be reporting a sudden and immediate confusion of languages, or even a sequence in which a confusion of
Muhammad Rizwan Tariq1*, Muhammad Issa Khan1, Aysha Sameen1, Mahr un Nisa2
...he dietary responses of flaxseed on the meat of rabbits. Rabbits were divided into three groups: T0 rabbits were considered control group while T1 rabbits were reared on 7% flaxseed, and T2 were on 3.5% flaxseed in the feed of rabbits. Bearing in mind that this range of flaxseed will fulfil omega 3 Poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentration that co...
Aqeel Ahmad, Zammurad Iqbal Ahmed, Irfan Aziz*
...g 2007-2009. Lentil was planted in winter and during summer sorghum (sorghum bicolor) and mung bean (vigna radiata) followed lentil. Five different fertilizer treatments i.e. farmyard manure (FYM) 30 tons ha-1, NPK 35-40-20 kg ha-1, poultry manure 20 tons ha-1, compost (press mud) 12.5 tons ha-1 and inoculation by phosphorus mobilizing microorganisms 2.5 packets ha-1, in...
Leonard Izzard1, 2, John Stambas1, 2*
...ntly being used to manipulate pathogenicity and immunity and as biomarkers for disease severity....
Shen Yang1, Guang-Zhi Tong1, 2*
...tiviral innate immunity plays a central role at the early stage of viral life cycles. The highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) is a major concern for the swine industry and causes high degrees of morbidity and mortality. The intracellular signalling cascades of the innate immune system triggered by HP-PRRSV often lead to the elimination of infection. However, HP-PRRSV induces patho...
Hai-Bo Wang, Qiu-Hua Mo, Ze Yang*
...cation (NASBA) and molecular beacon technique. Recently there have been two major progresses in the field, in which RT-NASBA technique was applied for the detection of diarrhoea related viruses. This mini review overviewed the basic principle of RT-NASBA and discussed the significance of these new findings....
Josef D. Jarhult1, 2
...e been intensely debated lately. This article aims to sum up what is known about positive and negative effects of the drug. The available data suggests that oseltamivir treatment of uncomplicated influenza in otherwise healthy patients shortens influenza symptoms with approximately 24 hours, and increases nausea and vomiting by 3-5%. Whether oseltamivir treatment has an effect on the frequency of influenza complications or n...
Hayat Badshah1*, Farman Ullah1, Abid Farid2, Ahmad-U-Rahman Saljoqi1, Sajjad Ahmad3
...dae), on different host plants. Such studies would identify the best host plant for its efficient rearing. The present study investigated some basic life table parameters i.e. female life span, adult female weight, longevity and reproductive potential of P. solenopsis on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus Linn.), brinjal (Solanum melongena Linn.), potato (Sola...
David Kyle Johnson
...align: justify;">If one claims that some religious belief is justified by the occurrence of a miracle, that religious belief is justified only if the belief that the miracle occurred is justified. Hume famously argued that testimony cannot justify belief in the miraculous (and thus also cannot justify religious belief), but I will argue that nothing can justify the belief that a miracle has occurred—not even seeing a miracle for oneself. To establish thi...
Khalid Usman1*, Niamatullah Khan2, Fazal Yazdan3
...owing to more bolls per plant (37.2), boll weight (3.4 g) plus higher ginning out turn (39.9%) compared to the standard varieties of cotton in Pakistan. The quality characteristics such as fibre length (29.2 mm), strength (28.5 g tex-1), micronaire (4.3µg inch–1) and uniformity (80.2%) were also higher for DNH-105 than other varieties. Ginning out turn ranged from 37.2 (CIM-612) to 39.9% (DNH-105). Fibre length ranged from a low of 28.3 (CIM-612) t...
Kemi Funmilayo Omotesho1*, Isreal Ogunlade1, Opeyemi Eyitayo Ayinde2
...armers should be put in place. Farmers should also be enlightened in order to create awareness as to their rights as clientele in the extension process. ...
Asma Noshad1, Mudassar Iqbal1*, Zafar Iqbal1, Hamida Bibi2, Saifullah3, Salma Bibi4, Hamid Ullah Shah1
...0 values were calculated and used as an indicative of insecticidal potential. The maximum mortality of aphids was achieved at 80 µg mL-1 and the LC50 for the fruit body extract after 24 HRS was calculated as 12.83μg mL-1, followed by the extract from the fermentation filtrate with LC50 value 25.03 μg mL-1. The mycelial extract with LC50 (29.9...
Muhammad Shah Zaman1, Ghulam Muhammad Ali2, Aish Muhammad1, Khalid Farooq2, Iqbal Hussain1*
...ariety with the highest plant height (6.5 cm), number of nodes (8.8), fresh shoot weight plant-1 (0.166 g), number of roots (4.6) and root length (2.5 cm) at 60 mM NaCl followed by Sh-5. Desiree and Cardinal were moderately tolerant varieties to NaCl stress. The most sensitive variety Asterix produced minimum plant height (2.7 cm), number of nodes (2.4), number of roots (2.6), root length...
Hina Fatima1*, Muhammad Azeem Khan2
... the country’s population and the largest grain crop as well. Pakistan has been regularly importing wheat, except for the few years. Wheat’s domestic production has remained short of its domestic demands. To estimate the wheat varietal effect on wheat production and technical efficiency, a Cobb-Douglas Translog frontier analysis has been done...
Imdad Sohu1, Allah Wadhayo Gandahi2*, Ghulam Raza Bhutto2, Muhammad Salim Sarki2, Rabail Gandahi3
...nalysis of the soil and plant samples were recorded. The application of organic sources of farmyard manure and poultry manure in combination with inorganic NPK fertilizers had shown positive effect on chickpea plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of pods plant-1 and seed index. The growth and yield of chickpea significantly increased with th...
Shahid Iqbal Awan1*, Syed Dilnawaz Ahmad2, Muhammad Amjad Ali3, Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed1, Aurangzeb Rao1
...ical traits. Simple correlation coefficients indicated that grain weight had a significant positive relationship with residual transpiration, osmotic adjustment, cell membrane stability, flag leaf weight, specific flag leaf weight, while negatively correlated with specific flag leaf ...
Thomas J. Coleman III1*, Ralph W. Hood Jr.1 and John R. Shook2
...0 years research and scholarship on secularity in general, and atheism in particular, has increased significantly. Moreover, these phenomena have been researched, studied and documented by multiple disciplines ranging from cognitive science to religious studies, and from anthropology to sociology. The study of atheism and secularity is of high interest t...
Jonathan Jong
...earch on religion (and related phenomena, including nonreligion, atheism, and secularity) is invariably prefaced by sheepish attempts to define these terms, followed by apologies for the inevitable inadequacy of the proposed definitions. This paper argues that scholars of religion and nonreligion should accept the fact that “religion” and “nonreligion” are, like all...
Ethan G. Quillen
...Atheism has grown in popularity, leading to both positive and negative results. On one end, this has engendered a polyvocal and polyfocal discourse, garnering perspectives from a number of different methodological and theoretical approaches so as to develop a truly inter- and multi-disciplinary understanding about what we mean when we discuss Atheism. On the other, this myriad of voices has equally led to an ever-broadening discordancy, an equivocal discourse ...
Ryan T. Cragun1*, Joseph H. Hammer2, Michael Nielsen3
...oretically-expected correlations with established measures of religiousness and spirituality (the Cross-Cultural Dimensions of Religiosity, Humanistic Morality, and Traditional Religious Morality scales). In summary, the NRNSS may work as an initial attempt to address the limitations of other scales for capturing how religious/nonreligious/nonspiritual individuals are....
Luke Galen
...solely in terms of their lack of religious belief virtually guarantees that atheists and agnostics will appear inferior on a variety of outcome variables. However, nonbelief and secular worldviews can also be practiced in social groups such as atheist, humanist, and freethought organizations. Contrary to prevalent stereotypes, organized nonbelief is also associated with well-being and prosociality equivalent to that seen wit...
Joseph Langston1*, Joseph Hammer2, Ryan T. Cragun3
...roup members (“secular affiliates”), former members, and nonbelieving non-members (“secular nonaffiliates”) on nonbeliever group goals, functions, and activities. Second, we examined the perceptions of secular affiliates regarding why secular nonaffiliates do not join nonbeliever groups as well as the reasons given by secu
Gareth Longden
...d Kingdom Census. Particular attention is given to the topics of sex, age, residence, employment, and education background of the members....
John Stinespring, Ryan T. Cragun*
...for the share of the population that is nonreligious. The model setup and solution are shown to be both intuitive and determined by three parameter values. The authors illustrate its use by estimating these parameter values using biannual data from the 1973 to 2012 General Social Surveys (GSS). The parameter estimates from the first half of the GSS data series, 1973-1991, provide a good fit to the 1993-2012 data. Calibrating the model to the
Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi
...of itself. How can we explain the secularity of academics? Research indicates that it has to do with a process of selection and self-selection, which starts in childhood and channels individuals who are highly intelligent, critical, independent, and confident towards the academic world. Contrary to what some might think, it is not getting a Ph.D., which contributes to individual secularity...
David F. Bradley*, Julie J. Exline, Alex Uzdavines
...an image of a god with relational characteristics (e.g., loving, cruel, and/or distant). Can nonbelievers form an image of a hypothetical god? What characteristics do their hypothetical gods have? We conducted an Internet-based survey of adult nonbelievers in the U.S. (N = 458). Most (86%; N = 393) were able to form an image of a hypothetical god. On average, nonbelievers described a god that was more loving than distant or cruel. Compared to a previously re...
Rabbi Paul Shrell-Fox
...uation. Dennett and LaScola found this to be true with priests and ministers. That study was the catalyst for the current study of rabbis’ shift in religious beliefs in general, and belief in God in particular. Approximately 25 rabbis voluntarily submitted vignettes concerning their shifts in religious belief. These vignettes were solicited via rabbinic list-serves. Those rabbis who denied a belief in a supernatural be...
Marcus Mann
...drawn to his computer, relating his thoughts on the 9/11 terrorist attacks’ implications to a word processor. What started as an itch evolved into his first book, The End of Faith: a scathing indictment of religion, which in his opinion, was an impetus just as effective and real as the jet engines that propelled the terrorists’ weapons of choice to their targets. The End of Faith was the first of four polemics that have come to symbolize what is no...
Amanda Schutz
...justify;">Living the Secular Life begins with a popular assumption: life without religion is empty and meaningless. Without religion, one cannot develop a moral compass, raise decent and happy children, navigate tragedy, or cooperate effectively with others in society. Phil Zuckerman spends the remainder of the book refuting this claim. His goal is to explore “how secu
Rick Repetti
...hers insofar as it articulates many of Buddhism’s core philosophical values, to and for Western philosophy, and in a distinctly recognizable Western philosophical voice, but one that does no damage to the often radically different frameworks, methods, and modes of discourse that are distinctively Buddhist, much of which it presents in its own modality....
Ghulam Ali Bajwa and Muhammad Arshad Khan
...lberry variety PFI-1, M. latifolia and Karyansuban, respectively. The highest Cu and Mn were found in Kanmasi. The highest Zn and Fe were found in Husang and Karyansuban, respectively. A significant variation in uptake and retention of macro- and micro nutrients was found in the mulberry varieties after fertilizer application. The highest N was taken up by Kanmasi, while the highest P and K were taken up by Husang. Iron and Cu increased, and Zn and Mn decrease...
Rabnawaz1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Tahir Sarwar2, Mohammad Jamal Khan3
... the ever increasing population is a big challenge. Increase in crop water productivity (CWP) is one of the most important options for sustainable use of water resources in semi-arid environment. A field study was conducted during Rabi 2010-11 and Kharif 2011 crop seasons to compare the CWP of main crops (wheat, sugarcane, maize and tomato) under public and civil canal irrigation systems in Peshawar Valley. For this purpose, 18 farms were s...
Ali Muhammad*, Muhammad Ayub
... olive tree which is popular for their medicinal values. Due to its bitter taste the fruit is unable to eat directly because the fruit contain high level of bitter glucoside such as oleourepean. Aim of this research work was to reduce the bitterness level of olive fruit by different treatment such as water, salt and lye solution which were coded as RW1, RW2 and RW3 respectively. During treatment process the bitter glucoside level such as oleourepean leach...
Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro*, Habib-Ur-Rehman Memon, Muhammad Ali Ansari, Ahmed Naqi Shah
...he experiments were laid out in three replicated randomized complete block design. The seed of cotton variety “Sindh-1” was sown through drilling in the 1st week of May each year. The treatments consisted of: weedy check (no weeding), interculturing twice (30+60 DAS), Dual Gold 960-EC (S-metolachlor) @ 2.50 L ha-1, sorghum water extracts @ 15 L ha-1 (twice) and 25 L ha-1 (once and twice) and sunflo...
Gultaj Hussain1, Abdur Rahman1*, Tariq Hussain2, Siraj Uddin1, Tariq Ali3
E-mail | abdur_rahman@aup.edu.pk
...fects of citric acid and lactic acid treated beef were studied previously on Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Salmonella typhymurium. This was aimed to investigate the effects of these acids on the total viable count (TVC) of these bacteria. Three diluted concentra- tions (1.0, 3.0 and 5.0%) of both citric acid and lactic acid were used. A total of 3024 meat samples were collected from cattle...
Guoyi Li1, Haiyan Tong1, Jiansheng Chen2, Jinliang Wei2, Xiaoming Zhao2, Guoping Zhang2, Zixue Shi2*
E-mail | shizixue@gmail.com
...longs to the family Flaviviridae. JEV is endemic to many parts of East Asia, Southeast Asia and Australia, where periodic outbreaks take thousands of lives. With rapid globalisation and climatic shift, JEV has started to emerge in previously unaffected areas. Scientific evidences show that JEV would remain a global pathogen and might cause worldwide pandemics. Currently, more research is required to be applied to JEV pathogenesis and antivirus therapy...
Brittany D. Rife 1,2, Marco Salemi 1,2*
E-mail | salemi@pathology.ufl.edu
...e host can be viewed similarly as an epidemic spread on a microscale, creating a unique opportunity for the application of phylogeography at the intra-host level, which has until recently been limited by dataset quality and the lack of a rigorous statistical framework. As recently described in studies using the SIV-macaque model of neuroAIDS, the incorporation of
spatial, temporal, and demographic infer...
spatial, temporal, and demographic infer...
Rick Repetti
...erts that if choices are lawfully necessary consequences of prior events, then they are unfree; Derk Pereboom’s two arguments for hard incompatibilism: the manipulation argument, which asserts that manipulated choices are unfree, determinism is functionally equivalent to manipulation, and thus determined choices are unfree; and the r...
Opeyemi Eyitayo Ayinde1*, Kayode Ayinde2, Tofunmi Emmanuel Ilori1, Raphael Olanrewaju Babatunde1
E-mail | opeyemi@unilorin.edu.ng
...taple foods were inter-related. Also, it was showed that agricultural credit guarantee scheme funds (ACGSF), agricultural policies during structural adjustment period (SAP) and post-structural adjustment period (PSAP) were statistically significant while the agricultural input subsidy scheme was statistically insignificant in their impact on the prices of major staple crops. The study recommended painstaking formula...
Reviewed by Dr William Patterson
...rst book meant for a popular audi- ence, Why Evolution is True, was a masterful exposition of the evidence supporting evolutionary biology. It was rightly seen by many as one of the best books yet written on that subject for a general audience and deservedly spent time on the bestsellers list. In his second book, Faith vs. Fact: Why Science and Religion are Incompatible, Coyne does less well. His aim is to demonstrate that the contrasting mindsets underly...
Oladipo Elijah Kolawole*, Oloke Julius Kola, Awoyelu Elukunbi Hilda, Olasunmibo Oluwatobi Gabriel, Ogunyale Tolulope Temitope
E-mail | koladipo2k3@ yahoo.co.uk
...ly and through the transplacenta. Hepatitis E virus is one of the viruses that causes acute and self-limiting infection with a high risk of developing chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised individuals usually leading to liver cirrhosis. Individuals living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus have a greater risk to the virus due to their impaired immunity. The study was carried out to determine the sero- prevalence of Hepatitis E among people living with Human Im...
Luca Vitale
...="text-align: justify;">Plants are often exposed in their habitat to multiple abiotic and biotic stresses that limit growth and productivity; however, plants are able, to some extent, to cope with limiting environmental conditions by means of different mechanisms that contribute to their adaptive success in different habitats....
Stephen Kershnar
Email: stephen.kershnar@fredonia.edu
Temitope Oluwasegun Cephas Faleye1, Johnson Adekunle Adeniji1, 2 *
...inated from NPEV-Cs circulating in Northern Nigeria. Here, we further investigate whether NPEV-Cs circulating in south-western Nigeria (SWN) contributed to the emergence of these lineages. In 2013 sewage contaminated water samples were collected from two sites in Lagos, Nigeria. Samples were concentrated and inoculated into MCF-7 and RD cell lines. Isola...
Rodolfo Villagra-Blanco1*, Gaby Dolz1, Danilo Montero-Caballero2, Juan Jose Romero-Zuniga2
...s (Central, Chorotega, Atlantic Huetar, North Huetar, and Central Pacific) determining regional seropositivity between 63.5% and 100.0%, as well as an overall prevalence of 80.8 %. The within flock seropositivity percentages ranged between 0% and 100.0%. Flocks with the highest seropositivity were found in low altitude regions close to the coast. Risk and protective factors determined in the present study were not in accordance with this insect borne disease. ...
Elly Vintiadis
...nbsp;how it offers an explanation of the world and life of which science is a part....
Mohammed A. Rohaim1*, Rania F. El-Naggar2, Abdulrahman M. Gamal3, Elshaimaa Ismael3, Mohamed M. Hamoud4, Sherif T. Moubarak3, Ashraf M. Metwally1, Manal M. Zaki3, Shimaa A.E. Nasr3, Samah Elsaid3, Mohamed M. Ali3, Hussein A. Hussein1 and Osama K. Zahran3
Email: mohammedvet1986@gmail.com; mohammed_abdelmohsen@cu.edu.eg
...stinct Egyptian subclades of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI); (A/chicken/Egypt/VRLCU67/2011) variant subclade 2.2.1.1 and (A/chicken/Egypt/13VIR3729-4/2013) classic subclade 2.2.1/C that were sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite (bleaching powder), Virkon®S and Peraclean®. The purpose from using the Egyptian...
Muhammad Arif Zafar1, Murtaz-ul-Hasan1*, Aayesha Riaz1, Asim Shamim2, Muhammad Farooq Iqbal1 and Arfan Yousaf
E-mail | murtazhassan@yahoo.com
...ne along with immune-modulators and to compare its efficacy with autogenous vaccine alone and partial excision of the lesions. To this end, nine animals were selected clinical and sporadic papillomas different body parts. These animals were divided into three groups; Group A animals were operated for partial excision of the lesions, Group B were inoculated with autogenous vaccine alone and Group C were treated with inoc...
Youssef Lhor1*, Mounir Khayli1, Mohamed Bouslikhane2, Mehdi El Harrak3, Ouafaa Fassi Fihri2
Email: y.lhor@yahoo.fr
...m a retrospective surveillance of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) biting midge vectors from April 2009 to March 2010 in Morocco. In order to assess the implementation of integrated control measures and disease risk analysis, this entomological survey was performed on the risk of transmission of bluetongue virus (BTV) and identification of the main breeding sites of Culicoides. From April 2009 to March 2010, the study was carried out at 14 ...
Muhammad Zubair, Sajid Mahmood Sajid
...It causes the pituitary gland to release hormones needed to stimulate ovulation. Clomifene is useful in those who are infertile due to anovu- lation or oligoovulation. Clomifene inhibits estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus, inhibiting negative feedback of estrogen on gonadotropin ...
Tomas Jinnerot1*, Karin Malm1, Erik Eriksson1 and Jonas Johansson Wensman2
larger;">E-mail | Tomas.Jinnerot@sva.se
...fection with Bordetella bronchiseptica is the most common bacterial cause of kennel cough or canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) in dogs. Other disease agents include various respiratory viruses and co-infection can exacerbate the clinical signs. CIRD is highly contagious and can spread rapidly, especially among dogs in close quarters. Fast and accurate diagnostics enables the selection of proper management. Our objective ...
Claudia Kohl*, Andreas Nitsche, Andreas Kurth
Email: kohlc@rki.de
...genomics approach is similar to well-known shotgun-sequencing, though on a much bigger scale. For instance, the metagenome of a lake would include all the fish, ducks, plants, fungi, bacteria and everything else that belongs to the lake. If we apply this approach to clinical samples we can identify the community of etiological pathogens, without any know...
Mudasir Irfan Dar*, Fareed Ahmad Khan and Farha Rehman
E-mail | irfanmudasir@gmail.com
... Brassica juncea L. cv. alankar was investigated. Forty-day-old pot plants were exposed to different concentrations of the insecticide, ranging from 0 to 40 grams active ingredient per hectare (g.a.i ha-1) through foliar spray. Analyses were done at days 3, 7, and 15 after treatment. Lipid peroxidation rates and contents of proline, ascorbate (ASC), glutathione (GLU), antioxidative enzymes; superoxide dismutase (SOD), cata
Ummara Waheed Khan, Raza Ahmed, Irum Shahzadi and Mohmmad Maroof Shah
Email | mmshah@ciit.net.pk
...techniques, traditional plant breeding has been on leading edge. The discovery of molecular genetics and biotechnological techniques, such as genome mapping, tissue culture, genetic transformation and in vitro regeneration offered new dimensions of research to improve important crop species including wheat. The tissue culture by itself has increased the crop improvement potential to develop new cultivars ...
Shubhada K Chothe, Bhushan M Jayarao and Suresh V Kuchipudi
...(lncRNA) contribute to a large proportion of the cellular RNA and are involved in regulating a plethora of biological and pathological processes. There is a strong evidence to suggest the association of differential regulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) to a number of disease processes including viral infections. Cellula<...
Nagina Zeb, Muhammad Sajid, Abdul Mateen Khattak and Imtiaz Hussain
... of chrysanthemums were planted during the first week of January and transplanted in 20 cm clay pots in July. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors replicated three times. Different levels of potassium (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg pot-1) and maleic hydrazide (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm) were used. The results revealed...
Muhammad Imran1*, Muhammad Mobashar2, Muhammad Irfan3, Shazia Hanif4, Sumaira Hanif5 and Muhammad Abubakar6
...l (MOLM) as partially replacement of the cotton-seed cake (CSC) in lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes. On the basis of nearly similar lactation stage and body weight, sixteen individually confined buffaloes were randomly blocked and allotted to four different dietary treatments. MOLM in proportion to CSC was supplemented along with maize si
Muhammad Arif Zafar1*, Arfan Yousaf1, Murtaz-ul-Hasan1, Faisal Ayub Kiayani1, Matee ul Islam2 and Muhammad Farooq Iqbal1
...ter using a modified two-layer, hand-sewn, end-to-end anastomosis technique in a calf treated for traumatic umbilical hernia with peritonitis. A cross-bred calf was presented with peritonitis due to traumatic umbilical hernia. The decision to operate the calf was made after confirmation of umbilical hernia resulted in septic shock. Animal was first stabilized with supportive treatment prior to surgical decompression. A modified two-la<...
Tauseef Taj Kiani1*, Mozammil Hussain1 and Hidayat ur Rahman2
...in indigenous maize germplasm comprising inbred lines NCMLQ1, NCMLQ2, NCMLD1, NCMLD2, NCMLD3, and NCMLD4. ese genotypes were crossed to get ten F1 hybrid combinations, which were used to develop three generations F2, BC1 and BC2. Heterosis (in F1) and inbreeding depres- sion (in F2, BC1 and BC2) were quanti ...
Mushtaq Ahmad1*, Habib Akbar1, Mohammad Tariq Jan1, Muhammad Jamal Khan Khattak2 and Abdul Bari3
...seeding depth, nitrogen placement method and biochar on the growth, yield and its related parameters of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) at Sugar Crops Research Institute Mardan during 2011-12 and 2012-13. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement in four replications. Sugar beet was sown at the rate of 6 kg ha-1 at four seeding depths from ...
Corey McCal
...account for European secularization during the modern period. Unlike Hans Blumenberg, and, more recently, Charles Taylor, who tell the story of secularization as a process distinct from religious belief and religious institutions, Erdozain argues that the basis for secularization can be found in the religious ferment of modernity itself, beginning with the Protestant Reformation and extend...
Shahid Ali1, Habib Akbar2, Mohammad Tariq Jan2, Mohammad Jamal Khan3 and Abdul Bari4
...stify;">The response of planting sources i.e. standing (fresh canes-frost exposed) trenched (stored canes-frost protected), cane portions and setts placement methods on the attributes of sugarcane were assessed at Sugar Crops Research Institute, Mardan-Pakistan. The experiment was conducted in RCB Design with split plot arrangement, over years (2012-13 and 2013-14). Planting sources i.e. s...
Ghulam Ali Bajwa1, Faizah Abood2, Yusof Bin Ibrahim3
...io-assayed against three larval instars of Atteva sciodoxa under laboratory conditions of 27±2ºC, 75% RH and 12:12 h photoperiod. Instar 3rd responded with 100% mortality at 5x107 conidia ml-1, while same level of mortality was recorded in 5th instar at 1x108 conidia ml-1. Instar 5 also showed the lowest mortality (33.3%) at 1x106 conidia ml-1. Median effective concentration (EC50) ranged between 9.87x105 and 21...
Mohammad Taghi Karimi
...c curve based on the available literature. A search was performed in some databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embasco and ISI Web of Knowledge between 1960 and 2015 years. Keywords such as kyphosis, spinal deformities were used in combination with orthosis, brace and corset. The searched outcome indicated that there were at least 15 articles published on this topic and most of them have a small number of subj...
Monireh Ahmadi Bani1*, Mostafa Kamali2, Iman Borji3, Soheyla Aslani3, Francis Fatoye4
...ked to stand on a force plate for one and then five minutes, respectively. Their stability parameters were evaluated based on the old and new methods. Paired sample t-test was used for comparison between two methods and different conditions (eyes open and eyes closed). Traditional method for stability analysis showed no difference between two conditions in one minute standing (p ≥ 0.05). However, the new method confirmed that stability parameters significan...
Ali Mohammadi, Mohammad Hossein Ebrahimi
...ng them total knee artroplasty is being practised frequently. This method is suitable especially for elderly subjects with limited degree of physical activity. However, most of young subjects are not recommended to be treated with this method owing to high level of physical activities. KineSpring knee implant system was designed for young subjects with knee OA to reduce knee pain, improve stability and kn...
Fatemeh Kheiri
...tem and a Kistler force plate. The stability of subjects during standing and their energy consumption while walking were analyzed by the use of a Kistler force plate and a polar heart rate monitoring. The difference between the kinetic and kinematic between sound and prosthetic sides was evaluated by two sample t-test. The physiological cost index of amputees varied between 0.42 and 0.74 b...
Seyed Mohsen Mirbod
...ysis system and a force plate (Kistler). The mediolateral excursion of the knee joint decreased while walking with the knee orthosis in contrast to normal walking. Moreover, the mediolateral moment applied on the knee joint decreased significantly. This new design of the orthosis improves the performance of the subjects during walking. It carried same performance as that of the knee c...
Rongfei Lu1, 2, Zhiyang Liu1, Peng Fang1, Guangyi Chen1, Feng Sun1, Yongjian Fan1, Yijun Zhou1, Tong Zhou1*
...ntitative PCR (RT-qPCR) plays an important role in the current field of virus detection and disease dynamics. The validity and the reliability of generated data can be enhanced significantly appropriate measures. As a standard for the relative expression of target genes, the selection of reference genes is crucial. This review describes the history of the RT-qPCR technology, emphasizes the importance of reference genes...
Jonas Johansson Wensman1*a, Karl-Johan Leuchowius2,3 a, Jiting Yan1, Anna-Lena Berg4, Liv Bode5, Hanns Ludwig5, Sandor Belak6, Ulf Landegren2, Ola Soderberg2, Mikael Berg6
...istently infected with a laboratory strain of BDV (C6BV ) to establish the assay. Next, in situ PLA was applied to detect BDV P in brain tissues of infected animals. Finally, protein-protein interactions were visualized in both C6BV and brain tissues of experimentally as well as naturally infected animals (rat and horse, respectively). BDV proteins and their interactions with host proteins...
Maurice A. Finocchiaro
...n studied by several scholars whom I label “Berkeley para-clericals,” chiefly philosopher Paul Feyerabend and historian John Heilbron. Their approach is distinctive: it views controversial topics involving the relationship between science and religion from a perspective that is secular-minded, but appreciative of religion, and yet conducted i...
Muhammad Amjad Nadim1*, Mohammad Safdar Baloch1, Ejaz Ahmad Khan1, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1, Kashif Waseem2
... Pakistan. The trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) using split-plot arrangements with four replications. Main plot consisted of NPK and organic fertilizers while micronutrients viz. Zn, Cu and B (alone and in combinations) were assigned to sub-plots. The results revealed significant variations in plant growth and yield attributes with recommended doses of NPK fertilizers. This treatment (NPK at re...
Khalid Ali1*, Amanullah Jan2
..., DAS) and parts (whole plants incorporation and stubbles incorporation) under varying nitrogen levels (0, 75 and 100 kg ha-1) on physiology, yield and economic returns of Canola (Brassica napus L. cv. Bulbul-98). The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement having three replications. Findings of the experiment revealed that guar as previous...
Rehmat Ullah1*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1 and Kalim Ullah2
... and rank order was calculated. Chi-square test was performed to find out association among demographic characteristics and MFSC registration duration and Rank Based Quotient was calculated for problem identification. It was found that machinery was provided to almost half of the respondents. Similarly seed was the most provided input followed by fertilizers. Top most source of agriculture...
Abiodun D. Olabode
...stablished significant relationships between rice yield and farm management methods adopted in this area. Results were presented using charts and tables. The study revealed that; chemical fertilizers, manual weeding and shifting cultivation are essential for rice cultivation in the study area; the regression model established strong influence of farm-size at R-value of 0.64 on the yield of rice in this area; while estimated yields of 101.6tons and 57.9tons fro...
Moorthy S. Muthuswamy
... in power due to the popularization of a self-serving theme that sharia is all-encompassing divine law and an essential guide to life. A new analysis of the 2013 Pew data shows us that religious leaders’ political and religious influences correlate with sharia’s popularity, and in turn, can correlate with p...
Yongfeng Li, Mo Zhou, Xiao Wang, Libao Xie, Hua-Ji Qiu*
...="text-align: justify;">Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is generally a noncytopathogenic virus in cell cultures. The development of reporter CSFV has provided an excellent option to directly detect viral replication without the use of secondary labeling. This mini-review discusses the applications of reporter CSFV in the study of CSFV biology, including efficiently screening the antivirals against CSFV and viral receptors...
John G. Bruno1*, Chien-Chung Chao2,3, Zhiwen Zhang3, Wei-Mei Ching2,3, Taylor Phillips1, Allison Edge1, Jeffery C. Sivils1
...y by an ELISA-like microplate-screening assay (ELASA). Top three candidate aptamers were then paired in a matrix of all possible capture and reporter aptamer combinations and tested in a fluorescent peroxidase-linked Amplex® UltraRed (AUR; a resazurin-like substrate) version of a rapid (< 1 h) aptamer magnetic bead sandwich assay. The optimal sandwich aptamer combination utilized th...
John G. Bruno
...pid passive immunity for large human populations in the event of a major pandemic or infectious disease doomsday scenario. ...
Behzad Hussain1, 2, Abdullah Iqbal2, Muhammad Abubakar2*
... of up to 40%, which is alarming. It is a zoonotic disease and the virus is transmitted mainly to the humans through hard tick bite and direct contact with blood of the infected animal. The occurrence of CCHF outbreak in Pakistan is increased quite significantly near Eid-ul-Adha. Haemorrhages are the major signs of this fatal disease. No treatment of CCHF is available currently but Ribavirin antiviral drug is used to cure th...
Mohammed A. Rohaim1*, Rania F. El Naggar2, Ahmed M. Helal3, Hussein Ahmed Hussein1 and Neil LeBlanc4
...es indicated that the isolate clustered with the PPMV-1 strains recently reported from Israel within subgenotype VIb. Our findings report the emergence of PPMV-1 in Egyptian pigeons and the potential role these wild birds can play in the transmission and evolution dynamics of PPMV-1....
Anna-Maria Anderssonlass="s1">*, Ann-Kristin Nyman, Per Wallgren
...-align: justify;">lass="s1">Aleutian disease virus (ADV) infection in mink typically cause hypergammaglobulinemia, plasmacytosis and immune complex disease. Due to lack of success in eradicating Aleutian disease (AD) by stamping out, a new strategy for disease control with focus on evaluation of disease progression has been proposed. For estimation of antibodies in serum and dried b...
Ilham Ulla, G. Arjumand, Nawab Ali and Mohammad Akmal*
...ason crop. However, its planting in summer is at risk of the moon-soon outbreak duration in the season. Present study was aimed to quantify delay-sowing response with increasing N-rate on crop productivity at Agronomy Research Farm, University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan. Sunflower (cv. Hysun-33) was planted on different dates i.e. Jul. 1, 11 and 21 treated with different N-rates star...
Haq Aman Ullah1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Ijaz2 and Aqeel Javeed3
...fy;">Abstract | Aflatoxins are the secondary metabolites produced by molds particularly by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatoxin B1 is the most common metabolite highly toxic for humans and animals. In the present study contamination status of aflatoxin B1 in cotton seed ca...
Moustafa Kardjadj
...-align: justify;">lass="s1">Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious and contagious transboundary animal disease and one of the most economically devastating diseases that affect cloven-hoofed livestock including cattle, goats, sheep, pigs and wild ungulates. Wide prevalence of the disease in Asia and Africa associated with huge economic losses to livestock farming and industry has increased global c...
Mohammed M. Islam1, 3 *, Damian F. J. Purcell2 and George Kannourakis1,3
...he dynamics of viral population in the infected hosts. Several recent methodologies and chemistries have been proposed for viral diagnostics with variable outcomes and successes. In this review, we discuss a novel approach to identify the least transcripts of viral genomes using suppression subtractive hybridization that can be adapted to unanimously identify viruses of diverse genetic backgrounds. ...
Shahida Bibi* and Ijaz Ahmad Khan
...sub-plot treatments. Similarly, number of seeds pod-1, thousand grains weight, grain and biological yield of mungbean were also found significant. In main plots, weed density m-2 (16.47) and fresh weed biomass (529.8) were lower in herbicide treated plots in mungbean crop. Number of seeds pod-1 (10.85), thousand grains weight (30.15g), grain yield (366.56 kg ha-1) and biological yield of mungbean (1306.7 kg ha -...
Nazish Huma Khan*, Mohammad Nafees and Adila Bashir
...utions for total and available metals respectively. Wheat crops from both fields (orchard and non-orchard) were collected and analyzed with aqua-regia for heavy metals contents. Results showed that the average concentrations of metals in soils of orchard and non-orchard fields were as chromium (Cr) 56.9 and 52.2 mg kg-1, Ni 29.8 and 27.9 mg kg-1 and Cd 2.46 and 1.11 mg kg-1, respectively. The risk contribution from Cd, Cr and N...
Murtaza Ali*, Yasser Durrani and Muhammad Ayub
...t drier, tunnel dryer, solar drier and portable solar dryer, on the white mulberry fruit (Morus alba) variety grown in District Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan. After drying, mulberry fruit was stored for 150 days and evaluated for physiochemical and sensory parameters (water activity, ash content, percent acidity, pH, moisture content, reducing and non-reducing sugars, taste, texture, color and overall acceptability). Stati...
Mukhtarullah1, Jawad Ali2 and Mohammad Akmal1*
...-align: justify;">lass="s1">Abstract | Wheat is among the staple food crops in the world. In Pakistan, it is planted on a significant cropped area (Ca. 38%) every year. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), wheat is also a popular crop in the cropping system, however, average yield differs by 100% from the national average yield due to rainfed pla...
Tahir Khan, Raziuddin, Fakharuddin* and Muazam Jamal Razi
...eir 21 F4 populations. Significant differences were observed among genotypes, parents, F4 populations and parents versus F4 populations for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, primary branches plant-1 and main raceme length. Among parents, CA2, DH8, DH4, CA...
Imtiaz Hussain, M. Sajid, Noor ul Amin, Abdul Mateen Khattak, Abrar Hussain Shah, S. Mussarat Hussain, Sayed Hussain and Nagina Zeb
...-align: justify;">lass="s1">The influence of growing conditions and planting dates on vegetative growth of Silvery was studied at Ornamental Horticulture Nursery, Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan,lass="s1"> during January to September, 2011. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with split plots arrangem...
Qaizar Ahmed1, Fida Mohammad2, Hidayat-ur-Rahman2, Sheraz Ahmed2* and Fakharuddin2
...r parent cultivars were planted in randomized complete block (RCB) design with four replicates at Tobacco Research Station Mardan (plain) and Tobacco Research Substation Mansehra (hilly). Data for all traits were analysed in pooled analysis and individual environments. Heterosis over better parent was determined for all traits across environments. Heterobeltiosis estimates reflected both positive and negative values, suggest...
Nadeem Khan1*, Arshad Ali Khan1, Mukhtar Ahmad2, Muhammad Nouman2 and Badshah Islam1
...tural Research Center, Islamabad. The experiment was performed on randomized complete block design (RCBD) consisting of eleven treatments (cultivars) replicated three times during 2015. The results showed that Tarocco attained maximum height (156.13 cm), followed by Mexican Lemon (146.80 cm). Similarly, maximum plant spread and leaf area were recorded in Mexican Lemon 124.07 cm and ...
Ashley C. Banyard1* and Satya Parida2
...isease in naïve populations of animals have demonstrated an expansion of the distribution of the disease. Having been in the shadow of rinderpest virus for decades little is understood regarding factors that influence the outcome of infection with both viral and host genetics being thought to influence the outcome of disease. Following the successful global eradication of rinderpest virus, peste des petits ruminants virus has also been targete...
Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan*, Gurrappa Naidu Govindaraj and Habibur Rahman
...st and now occurring regularly, round the year and most frequently during the lean period throughout the country. In some Indian states viz. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Chhattisgar h the PPR outbreaks in sheep and goats have declined after implementing the strategic mass vaccination programme. The decreased number of outbreaks in recent years as well as changes in the disease severity patterns and distribution might be due to the effectiveness of vaccine, t...
Moustafa Kardjadj1, Pam Dachung Luka2
... economically important plague of sheep and goats that serves as a major constraint in the development of the small ruminant’s production within an infected area. The virus is endemic across much of the developing world and has spread into the developed European borders. The small ruminants industry within an infected state or region is often disproportionately affected with its attending impact on poverty in what are already the poorest areas of the glo...
Gurrappa Naidu Govindaraj, Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan*, Habibur Rahman
...s due to increased inter-lambing/kidding period, loss due to increased abortion, cost of high feeding and rearing inputs in young and adult sheep/goats etc. The results revealed that at the annual 10% incidence level, the estimated total loss due to PPR in sheep and goats was INR 5041.5 million (77% was mortality loss and 23% was morbidity loss) and INR 11074.6 million (73% mortality loss and 27% morbidity loss), respectively. Further, sensitivity analysis und...
Ahmed Zein Mahmoud1, Muaz Abdellatif 2, 3*, Luai Shazali1
..., Bagaa, Shenan and Ghazalah, Saudi Arabia. Serum samples (n=400), collected during 2012–2013 from sick and clinically healthy herds, were subjected to antibodies detection using c-ELISA. Out of examined animals, 83 (62.9%) goats and 70 (33.2%) sheep were detected positive against PPRV antibodies, whereas camels appeared to be seronegative. Based upon the seasonal variations in the antibodies detection, environment appeared to be a significant factor on ...
Neil Levy
...rs believe that the singularity – roughly, explosive growth in machine intelligence, resulting in the appearance of AIs that are vastly superior to us cognitively – will or might occur in the relatively near future. Understandably, many are worried by this prospect. In this paper, I argue that we have less to fear from the singularity than many people think. Depending on how we...
Neil Levy
...rs believe that the singularity – roughly, explosive growth in machine intelligence, resulting in the appearance of AIs that are vastly superior to us cognitively – will or might occur in the relatively near future. Understandably, many are worried by this prospect. In this paper, I argue that we have less to fear from the singularity than many people think. Depending on how we...
Klara Fischer1*, Erika Chenais1,2, Emeli Torsson1, Jonas Johansson Wensman1
...-align: justify;">lass="s1">Abstract | Peste des Petits ruminants (PPR) is a potentially lethal, highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats. Domestic sheep and goats are important species for the livelihoods of poor people in many developing countries. Within societies where PPR is now spreading, poverty is widespread and the disease is expected to have significant negative impacts on livelihoods. In resource-constrai...
Keyvan Sharifmoradi1*, Nader Farahpour2
...) and two Kistler force plates were used to measure forces applied on the legs. Data were evaluated using independent t-test with significant point set at p< 0.05. There was no difference in cadence between left and right of normal subjects and those with PD. However, there was a significant decrease in walking speed and stride length in both sides of PD patients compared to normal subjects. Patients with PD showed a significant decrease in progressi...
Ali Tahmasebi1, Parvin Raji1*, Mostafa Kamali2
...ack on static standing balance in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP) compared to normal children under altered sensory environment. Out of 30 participants in the study, 15 children were with spastic diplegic CP with mean age and body mass index of 7 ± 1.3 years and 14.70 ± 1.73 kg/m2 respectively and 15 normal children with mean age and body mass index of 7.2 ± 1 years and 14.83 ± 1.57 kg/m2. Children were instructed...
Mohammad Mushfiqur Rahman1, Rokshana Parvin1, Ataur Rahman Bhuiyan1, Mohammad Giasuddin2, Shah Md. Ziqrul Haq Chowdhury3, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam1, Emdadul Haque Chowdhury1*
...isease is endemic in Bangladesh and causes considerable economic losses due to its high morbidity and mortality. The study was undertaken to detect and characterize the PPR virus (PPRV) circulating in Bangladesh. Twelve local isolates of Bangladeshi PPRV were successfully detected from post mortem samples (lymph node, ...
Muhammad Abubakar1*, Shumaila Manzoor2, Jonas Johansson Wensman3, Emeli Torsson3, Qurban Ali1 and Muhammad Munir4
...R including nasal and ocular discharges, high temperature, diarrhea and ulcerative lesions in the oral cavity. A total of eighteen goats from a herd of sixty, were affected and two goats succumbed within two weeks. Interestingly, the disease was exclusively observed in goats and all sheep kept in the same herd were serologically positive but did not show any clinical signs of PPR. The active PPR virus (PPRV) infection was confirmed by antigen capture ELISA and...
Muhammad Jurial Baloch1*, Ghulam Murtaza Channa2, Wajid Ali Jatoi2, Abdul Wahid Baloch1, Imdad Hussain Rind1, Muhammad Ahmed Arain1 and Ayaz Ali Keerio1
...o 75% maturity, tillers plant-1, spike length, spike density, grains spike-1, grain yield plant-1, seed index and harvest index. Significance of GCA and SCA variances suggested that both additive and non-additive genes were controlling these characters. The magnitude of SCA variances were higher than GCA indicating pre-dominance of non-additive gene effects for spike length, spike density, se...
Muhammad Siddiq1* and Hamid Ullah Shah2
Ishfaq Ahmed, Ihsan Mabood Qazi and Suraiya Jamal
...lending WF with BRF. Similarly, water solubility index (WSI), water absorption index (WAI) and swelling power (SP) showed significant (P < 0.05) decrease as the concentration of wheat flour in the blends increases. The values for WAI, WSI and SP were 4.73–6.18 g/g, 1.98–3.99% and 5.35–6.81 g/g, respectively. The blending of WF with BRF had substantially improved the proximate compositions and functional properties, which could be used in t...
Murad Ali Khan and Mohammad Akmal
... evaluate the effect of plant arrangements i.e. planting geometry on yield and yield contributing traits of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrid Hysun-33 at the Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan during spring 2011 and repeated in spring 2012. The planting geometries were (a) 70 x 20 cm with rows spaced at 70 cm and pla
Muhammad Ishaq and Raziuddin
...ritance of maturity and plant architecture traits. Analyzed data revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for days to flowering, maturity, plant height, primary branches plant-1 and main raceme length. Analysis of combining ability revealed highly significant GCA (general combining ability), SCA (specific combining ability) and RCA (reciprocal combining ability) effects ...
Mohammad Fayaz, Abbas-ullah Jan, Dawood Jan, Ghaffar Ali and Yousaf Hayat
...income in Pakistan. The elasticities of interest (quantity, expenditure and quality) were inelastic with reasonable difference in magnitude across urban and rural households. Overall, the quality elasticity turned out to be positive with an estimated value of 0.0061 and 0.2375 for wheat & wheat flour and rice & rice flour, respectively. The estimation of quality e
Shahab e Saqib, Mokbul Morshed Ahmad, Sanaullah Panezai, Hidayatullah, Khalid Khan Khattak
...credit access ratio formula was employed that measured farmers’ access, in relative terms, to their landholdings. Likewise, credit adequacy formula was used to investigate farmers’ credit adequacy. A probit model was employed to find the important factors affecting access to credit. Results of access to credit ratio showed that small farmers ...
Aqila Shaheen
...and detrimental types of land degradation that deteriorates both soil quality and land productivity. Determination of soil characteristics and nutrient status of eroded lands is pre-requisite for restoring their productivity. The objective of present study was to quantify the selected soil properties and nutrient status of eroded soils. The study was undertaken on eight soil series (...
Farmanullah Khan, Samad Khan, Wiqar Ahmad and Imran Khan
...sources for water eroded lands during 2007-08. The combination of nutrient sources tested were; control, NPK50 (50% NPK), NPK75 (75% NPK), NPK100 (100% NPK), FYM10 (10 t ha-1 FYM), NPK50+FYM10, NPK75+FYM10, NPK100+FYM10, FYM20 (20 t ha-1 FYM), NPK50+FYM20, NPK75+FYM20, NPK100+FYM20. Results revealed that NPK75FYM20` significantly (p<0.05) improved the yield. As regards soil properties, NPK20FYM20 reduced bulk density, increased WHC, saturation percentage, o...
Zahir Shah, Shakoor Ahamd, Mian Saeed Sarwar, Murad Ali Khan and Javid Ali
...s administered intramuscularly for five days as a post-operative measure. Catamnesis revealed that the healing was complete in 14 days with no recurrence and untoward consequences....
Zafar Khan, Asad Sultan, Rajwali Khan, Sarzamin Khan, Imranullah and Kamran Farid
...eshawar, Dir Lower and Malakand of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In all the three districts the egg albumen was found to contain significantly higher levels of Pb, Cd and Cr as compared to egg yolk which contains significantly higher levels of essential elements (Fe, Mn and Zn). The mean concentrations of toxic heavy metals; Pb, Cd and Cr in albumen samples collected from Peshawar were 0.13, 0.06 and 0.09 (ppm) respectively. ...
Inamullah Khan, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi, Rajwali Khan, Syed Muhammad Sohail, Ijaz Ahmad, Muhammad Shoaib and Asim Ijaz
...pared to male (14%). Similarly significant difference was recorded among age group i.e. adult were more susceptible as compare to young ones. In subsistence farms level prevalence in intensive, extensive farming and nomads was 74.07%, 57% and 83.3% respectively. Breeding through natural service was in greater risk (94%) as compared to artificial insemination (78%). In humans overall sero-prevalence was recorded 12.12%, 09.59% and 08.59% by SPAT, i-ELISA and PC...
Gul Naz and Mohammad Akmal
...akistan. Treatments were laid-out in a randomized complete block design; split plot arrangements using four replications. The experiments were comprising of seven N-rates i.e. 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 kg ha-1 as main plots treatment and the five wheat varieties i.e. Saleem-2000, Uqab, Pirsabak-2005, Tatara-96 and Pirsabak-2004 as subplot treatment. Results revealed higher spikes m-2 (286), grains spike-1 (38.55) and thousand grains weight (44.67 g) whi...
Umed Ali Laghari, Ahmed Naqi Shah, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro, Zia-ul-Hassan, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro and Khalid Hussain Talpur
...ed maximum branches per plant (5.2), pods per plant (32.3), seeds per pod (4.7), seed index (82.7 g) and seed yield (2589 kg ha-1) when compared with 0.0 and 10 kg K2O ha-1. Interestingly, Sel-449 was the most responsive genotype to K nutrition which resulted in higher branches per plant (5.3), pods per plant (29.7), seeds per pod (4.5), seed index (87.3...
Arif Khan, Abdur Rahman, Shoail Akhtar, Siraj Uddin, Zahid Ullah and Nazir Ahmad
...ity characteristics in relation to breed and age. A total of one hundred and eight beef samples from Longissimus dorsi muscle were collected from three age groups (i.e. group 1= 12-18 monts, 2 =18.1-36.0 months and 3= > 36 months) of Kundi and Nili Ravi breeds of buffalo. Samples were obtained from freshly preselected slaughtered buffaloes at local municipal abattoir Peshawar. The effect of breed and animal age on marblin...
Christopher U Orji1*, Ignatius O Onyeocha2, Steven S Shaida3, Peter M Dede4, Bitrus Yakubu5, Elijah E Ella6 and Pam D Luka5
...tween species’ population. Two species were studied: Glossina palpalis palpalis and Glossina morsitans submorsitans using two mitochondrial DNA fragment primers- Cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) and Cytochrome b (CytB). Twelve samples of laboratory-reared population of each species were used for the study. Sequencing data were used to calcul...
Mukhtiar Ahmed, Jana Pickova, Taufiq Ahmad, Muhammad Liaquat, Abid Farid, Muhammad Jahangir
...e divided into two main classes; polar lipids (phospholipids) and neutral lipids (triglycerides). Lipid oxidation has been long been recognized as a major problem in the storage of fatty acids in foods. Oxidation occurs by several molecular mechanisms such as generation of reactive oxygen precursors and free radicals. Oxidation affects many interactions among food constituents, leading to ...
Abdul Qahar and Bashir Ahmad
...align: justify;"> Balanced nutrition is imperative for efficient nutrient management and has considerable role in enhancing crop yield. To study the effect of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) on maize hybrids, field experiments were laid out at the Agronomy Research Farm, the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan during 2013 and 2014, respectively. Nitrogen (0, 250, 300, 350 kg ha-1) and Sulfur (0, 20, 40, 60 kg ha-1)...
Neha Singh and Anjana Pandey
...ssible to know the molecular profile of the cellular surface. Whole CELL SELEX is very useful in the field of diagnostics and targeted therapy and the aptamers generated can be utilized to differentiate cancerous cells from normal cells or even different types of cancerous cells, detect live pathogenic organisms, and to discover novel disease biomarkers to facilitate early detection of the disease and for therapeutic purpose...
Jannatul Noor, Md. Ahaduzzaman, Mir Md. Afzal Hossain, Mohammad Alamgir Hossain, Sardar Abdur Rahim and Md. Samun Sarker
...tick in goat’s population of three different areas (Kaptai, Kattoli and Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University) of Chittagong, Bangladesh. A total of 60 goats were examined for tick infestation in three places using random positive sampling technique. Among the breed, Black Bengal goats were highly affected (53.33%) followed by Jamuna...
John G. Bruno and Jeffery C. Sivils
...ins of the correct molecular weights for intact outer membrane proteins (OMPs), intimins and SLT-2. Some bands on the aptamer Western blots were shared between the “Big 6” non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), E. coli O157 and related Gram negative bacteria. However, unrelated Gram positive bacteria exhibited very few, if any, bands in common with those identified on t...
Koksal Karadas1, Muhammad Tariq2, Mohammad Masood Tariq3* and Ecevit Eyduran4
...everal factors affecting lactation milk yield amounts of indigenous Akkaraman ewes reared in Sanliurfa (137 farms) and Hakkari (113 farms) provinces of Turkey. For the determination process, the statistical predictive accuracy of GLM (General Linear Model), CART (Classification and Regression Tree), CHAID (Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detector), Exhaustive CHAID, and a ANN type MLP (Multila
Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro, Qamaruddin Jogi, Mahmooda Buriro, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro, Ghulam Mustafa Laghari and Ali Nawaz Khaskheli
...elopathic properties of plants is thought to be an effective and environment-friendly approach for weed management. A pot experiment to evaluate the allelopathic potential of leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (L.) against Convolvulus arvensis (L.) and Cyperus rotundus (L.) was undertaken during summer 2011. The study was conducted at Department of Agronomy, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan. The experiment was la...
Ian von Hegner
...debate has avoided a similar redefinition in light of democracy, despite the fact, that it involves the same negation of modern fundamental rights. The basic democratic idea posits that all of its members have a full and equal status. If this status is generalized to be universally applicable, then it follows that humankind likewise are not second and first class among hypothetical gods. The existence or nonexistence of the ...
Rashid Mahmood1*, Saima Asad2, Waqar Ahmad1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhamamd Khalid Rafique1, Noor Islam1, Ziyad Abdul Qadir1 and Zain Ul Abiden2
...an (Acari:Varroidae) populations in honeybee Apis mellifera linguistica (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies in the winter, spring and summer season (2013-14). Four honeybee colonies were exposed to oxalic acid (3.2%), thymol (0.5 g) and formic acid (65%) on screen bottom boards in winter, spring and summer seasons. The fourth group had screen bottom board trays but without any chemical. There was a trend of fallen mean number of mites 157±6.28, 97±3.8...
Muhammad Ibrahim, Jawaria Ali Khan, Muhammad Sarwar Khan, Wasim Shehzad, Muhammad Avais, Ali Husnain, Naimatullah Khan, Muhammad Kamran Ameen and Abdullah Iqbal
... Se for five days. Cows placed in group two was treated with Garlic for five days. Group three cows were treated with Black pepper for five days and group four cows were treated with Lemon for five days. Group five having 6 healthy cows were used as negative control so they can be used for comparing blood values and milk composition of healthy cows with animals under trial. Our study concluded that Vitamin E+ Se and Garlic w...
Yingbin Wang*, Ting Ye, Xiaogang Wang and Congyu Zhou
...re used to analyze the relationships between the catch of Portunus trituberculatus in the northern East China Sea, and 6 main impact factors, which include the number of main catch vessel (NMV), power of main catch vessel (PMV), number of trawl vessel (NTV), power of trawl vessel (PTV), release number of larval crab (RELE), and sea surface temperature (SST). The results showed that the int...
Amtul Jamil Sami1*, Madeeha Khalid1, Sara Iqbal1, Maira Afzal1 and A.R. Shakoori2
...ater treatment as a coagulant-flocculent due to its ability to coagulate various ionic substances such as metal ions as well as dyes. In the current study novel polymer composites were prepared using natural polymers chitosan and starch in molds. Structure of composites was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The physical parameters such as weight and swelling degree of composite were studied. Chitosan starch based ...
Mian Shamas Murtaza1, Aysha Sameen1, Nuzhat Huma1 and Fatma Hussain2
...ntributes the desirable flavour and texture. The addition of gums in low fat cheese softens the structure by the interference of the casein-casein interaction and cellulose particles that function similar to fat globules. The present study was aimed to assess the impact of hydrocolloid gums on functional, textural and sensory attributes of low fat Cheddar cheese. Buffalo milk was standardized at 2% and 4% fat levels to manuf...
Sayeda Sarah and Muhammad Ibrar
...ut the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) inoculation (with and without Mycorrhiza) along with application of various levels (0%, 25%, 50% and 100%) of rock phosphate (RP) fertilizer on spores density and percent root colonization of selected sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids in P-deficient soil. It was observed that spore density and AMF root colonization was higher in the soil of control (RP0) p
Hina Fatima, Muhammad Azeem Khan, Mahreen Zaid-Ullah, Abdul-Jabbar, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai
...otton varieties. The population of this research covers the area of Rahim Yar Khan of Pakistan. Two hundred and fifteen farms were selected from each of the NonBT-cotton farms and BT-cotton farms. The Cobb- Douglas Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) has been employed to determine the technical efficiency of these growers. Technical efficiency has been found dissimilar under bot...
Allah Wadhayo Gandahi, Khalilluah Panhwar, Rabail Gandahi, Muhammad Saleem Sarki and Mahmooda Buriro
...g ha-1 resulted maximum plant height, number of green leaves plant-1, number of opened bolls plant-1, seed index, and seed cotton yield ha-1. Red leaves reduced when soil was fertilized with N, P and K @ 120-70-40 kg ha-1; and plots without application of K (120-70-0 kg ha-1) and PK (120-0-0 kg N ha-1) increased number of red leaves. In case of micronutrients, Zn @ 4 kg and B @ 1.5 kg ha-1...
Muhammad Khurshid, Muhammad Nafees, Inam-ur-Rahim and Wajid Rashid
...n: justify;"> The upland pastures in western Himalayan of Northern Pakistan are traditionally used by mobile pastoralists for livestock grazing during summer. Since the late 1980’s, these pastures have been used for off season vegetables cultivation which leads to change the traditional mobile pastoral system. This study was carried out in Naran valley in 2015, to understand the...
Hassan Tarik Atmaca
...fferent aspects of molecular biology of the virus and to consolidate national and international strengths to eradicate the disease from the planet. This Editorial highlights recent research articles and reviews that have provided up-to-date and current research trends in the field to further facilitate disease eradication campaigns. ...
Shaoling Lin and Jiamiao Hu
... cytomegalovirus (HCMV) plays an important in the virus pathobiology, however, its role in viral assembly and replication is poorly defined. In this study we demonstrated that HCMV pUL23 interacts with an essential component of capsid, the minor capsid protein (mCP, pUL85). Interaction was determined and confirmed with yeast two-hybrid, GST pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation analyses. This interaction may serve as a link in the processes of HCMV capsidation ...
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Rysanek
...igospora, Dactylella oviparasitica, Clonostachys rosea, Stropharia rugosoannulata and Lecanicillium muscarium isolated from root and soil samples collected in Prague, Czech Republic, were cultured on agar media and tested against Meloidogyne hapla both in-vitro and in-vivo. All fungi proved to be effic...
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Rysanek
...m decreased nematode population significantly (P=0.05 and caused reductions in final numbers of cysts per 250 g of soil, eggs and juveniles per cyst. Nematicides effects were not quite significant among each other but had tremendous effects in reducing nematode population compared to that of untreated control. A significant (P=0.05) reduction in numbers of eggs per cyst warrants that nematicides were able to penetrate into c...
Felwa A. Thagfan1, Mohamed A. Dkhil1,2* and Saleh Al-Quraishy1
...ne of the commonly used plants in Islamic countries.The root extracts of S. persica has been tested for its anticoccidial activity against Eimeria paillata induced infection in mice jejunum. Three different doses, 300, 600 and 900 mg/kg were used after infection of mice with sporulated oocysts. A dose of 300 mg/kg reduced the number of oocy...
Wan-Long Zhu* and Gao Wenrong
...rature and photoperiod, play important roles in animals’ physiological adjustments. In order to determine the contributions of temperature and photoperiod to seasonal changes in body mass and thermogenesis in Apodemus chevrieri, we examined seasonal-acclimatized and lab-acclimated animals on several physiological, hormonal, and biochemical markers indicative of thermogenic capacity. The results showed that ...
Usman Ijaz1, Muhammad Sajid Tahir2, Khalid Abdul Majeed3*, Shahid Iqbal4, Iffat Huma5, S. Firyal6, Ijaz Ahmed7, Shahid Chohan8 and Aamir Riaz Khan9
...igate the evolutionary relationship of the Panthera pardus subspecies found in Pakistan by exploring the partial DNA sequences of mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Scat samples of 15 different known leopards were collected from Nathiagali, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. After amplification with specific oligos, the amplicons of partial region of COI were subjected to sequencing, and then ob...
Sungil Kim1, Muhammad Riaz2, Amjad Farooq3 and Sungkwon Park4*
...ly associated with meat flavor, were greater (p<0.05) in DDGS compared to control group. Supplementation of DDGS increased (p<0.05) the level of conjugated linoleic acid, which has been reported to reduce body fat accumulation, when compared with control group. Taken together, these data indicate that DDGS can be utilized as a feed additive and has beneficial effects on unsaturated fatty acid formation in pork without ...
Paul I. Ankeli, Mashood A. Raji, Haruna M. Kazeem, Moses O. Odugbo, Nendir J. Umaru, Idowu O. Fagbamila, Livinus T. Ikpa, Obinna O. Nwankiti, Issa A. Muraina, Pam D. Luka and Nicholas D. Nwankpa
...udy was undertaken to isolate and identify Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides (Mmm) from the ear canal of apparently healthy cattle in Plateau State, Nigeria. One hundred and sixty six ear swab samples (n=166) were cultured from which eight (8) Mycoplasma species were isolated and characterized using conventional ...
Muhammad Aslam
...ion, improved inputs availability and use, improved irrigation, improved agriculture-education-training-research- extension-nexus, reclamation of salinized lands, improved agricultural credit and support price policies. Recommendations include improving agricultural research and extension systems, accelerating diffusion and adoption of latest agriculture...
Mazhir Nadeem Ishaq, Li Cui Xia, Rukhsana Rasheed, Zeeshan Ahmad, Muhammad Abdullah
...rs was evaluated by calculating the values of average treatment effects (ATE) on eight performance indicators. The outcomes of study disclosed that cooperative members have higher farm income, more milk production, reared improved cattle breeds, get better access to veterinarian services and used more nutritious fodder (silage), as compared to non-members. The findings of study also provided the evidence that establishment o...
Safdar A. Wahocho, Tanveer F. Miano, Noor U.N. Memon and Niaz A. Wahocho
...RCBD design. The zinnia plants were grown under four photoperiodic treatments which included T1=Natural photoperiod (Control), T2=4 hours daylight (8 am -12 noon), T3=6 hours daylight (8 am – 2 pm) and T4=8 hours daylight (8 am – 4 pm). The results revealed significant (P<0.05) photoperiodic effect on all the growth and quality traits of Zinnia. The Zinnia grown under 8 hours daylight (8 am – 4 pm) with 38.29 cm p...
Tarun Kumar Sharma, John G. Bruno and William C. Cho
...with the potential to replace antibodies in many diagnostic formats. The aptamer industry is continuously growing to create space in research and diagnostics markets. However, translation of aptamer in several applied disciplines is still lagging behind as compared to antibodies. In this article, we discuss the translational aspects of aptamers, current ...
Ghani Akbar, Muhammad Munir Ahmad, Muhammad Asif, Iqbal Hassan, Qurban Hussain3 and Greg Hamilton
...ication and intensive tillage is the norm on Pakistani farms, which exacerbate water logging and salinity and reduce the water productivity of major crops. Addressing these issues, a long term experiment (2000 to 2009) under wheat-maize (9 seasons each) cropping pattern was conducted on raised beds (with furrow spacing of 65 cm (Narrow Bed-NB), 130 cm (Medium Bed- MB) and 180 cm (Wide Bed-WB)), with controlled traffic regime empla
Zuhao Huang1, Feiyun Tu2 and Dianhua Ke1*
...ly Meropidae with a very large distribution. The complete mitochondrial genome of Blue-throated Bee-eater M. viridis was determined. The mitogenome is a circular DNA molecule of 18,295 bp and comprises of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes and two control regions CR and CCR, which was first reported in the order Coraciiformes. The overall A+T content for the mitogenome is 52%, and the GC and AT ske...
Laila M. Fadda1, Nouf M. Al-Rasheed1, Iman H. Hasan1, Hanaa M. Ali2,3*, Nawal M. Al-Rasheed1,4, Musaed Al-Fayez5, Aly M. Ahmed5, Nada Almutlaq1, Nehal Qasem1 and Reem Khalaf1
...ver injury induced by inflammation, oxidative stress in response to APAP toxicity in rats. Serum aminotransferases (ALT and AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total protein, total bilirubin, hepatic glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipid peroxides (LP) levels were estimated. Moreover these biochemical parameters were confirmed by histopathological examination us...
Haidar Ali, Malik Muhammad Shafi and Himayatullah Khan
...r and Charsadda. Four villages were studied two each from the sampled districts. Analysis showed that owners (59.31 percent off-farm employment) were performing more off-farm jobs than the tenants (50.74 percent off-farm employment) and owner-cum-tenants (41.77 percent off-farm employment). The dominancy of owners in the off-farm employment was associated to the farm holding size (up to 1 acre), they operated. Similarly the ...
Mehreen Zaidullah and Hina Fatima
...ntries and its rural population may equalize that of the urban till 2030. There are other changes as well like population growth and the wealth effects that have been observed in Pakistan. These changes can affect the consumption pattern of the people, and hence result in the food demand shifts. The current study estimates for the presence of structural shifts in the demand for food in Pakistan for the selected food groups f...
Shagufta Jabeen1, Muhammad Saqlain Raja1, Sadia Saeed1, Muhammad Mobeen Zafar1, Rizwana Abdul Ghani1, Abid Mahmood1, Muhammad Fiaz2, Pakeeza Arzoo Shiaq1, Shahid Mahmood Baig3, S.M. Saqlan Naqvi1 and Ghazala Kaukab Raja1*
...it drugs is a chronic, relapsing multifactorial disorder of brain and, if left untreated, major medical, social, and economic problems arise. Drug addiction is among major health issues faced by the World including Pakistan with an alarming annual increase in heroin addicts. The study was designed to identify the socio-demographic risk factors contributing to increasing susceptibility to heroin addiction in Pakistani popu
Abida Saleem, Sajida Parveen and Muhammad Jamal Khan
...iedmont alluvium, silty clay loam, Ustochrept]. The Zn adsorption capacity was determined by adding 50 ml of 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 120, 240 and 360 mg Zn L-1 (initially Zn applied, IZnA) to 5 g soil with absence (non-treated) or to soil pretreated with FYM, PM or BC at rate of 10 g kg-1. The suspension was shaken on horizontal shaker for 20 h continuously to assess the equilibrium Zn concentration (EZnC). The difference between the IZnA and EZnC was assumed to...
larger;">Iqra Mahmood1, Asif Nadeem1*, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Muhammad Muddassir Ali1, Maryam Javed1, Aisha Siddiqa1, Tanveer Hussain2 and Muhammad Tariq Pervez2
...ify;">Mastitis (mammary gland inflammation) is one of the most important diseases causing economic losses to dairy farm owners. In order to develop new strategies to prevent mastitis, a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the host immune response to the infectious agents is necessary. Identification of the genes, and their variants, involved in innate immune respo...
Aqila Shaheen and Mehwish Matien
... organic carbon of three land uses viz. forest land, grassland, and cultivated land were quantified. These land uses belonged to two soil groups having different soil type and climate. Selected soil groups were Inceptisols (site 1) and Mollisols (site 2). Soil samples were analyzed for bulk density (BD), soil organic c...
Zisha Liu1, Na Song1, Takashi Yanagimoto2, Zhiqiang Han3, Bonian Shui3 and Tianxiang Gao3*
...text-align: justify;">O. lacepedii, O. rebecca and O.
Determination of Early Colonizer Urban Blowfly Species Using Small Bait Traps on a University Campus
Halide Nihal Açikgöz1*, Serdal Kenan Köse2 and Ali Açikgöz3
...ract blowflies. Eggs and larvae of the flies that oviposited on the liver were raised and identified. Six different indices were used to determine diversity (Shannon-Wiener [H’], Simpson Dominance [Sd], Simpson Diversity [S], Margalef Species Richness Indices, Pielou’s Evenness [EH], and Simpson Resiprocal Indices). Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy), Calliphora vomitoria (Linnaeus), Lucilia sericata (Meigen) and Lucilia richardsi (Collin) (Dipt...
Metin Duru1*, Asuman Arslan Duru1, Köksal Karadaş2, Ecevit Eyduran3, Harun Cinli4 and Mohammad Masood Tariq5
...ristics of Hy-line white laying hens as a commercial type through two-way ANOVA, to estimate the Pearson correlation between pairs of egg external and internal characteristics and to predict each of egg internal characteristics from egg external characteristics, treatment and week through CHAID analysis. A total number of eighty, 56 weeks old Hy-Line White laying hens (commercial type) of ...
Ai Ming Zhou1,2, Guang Wen Liang2, Ling Zeng2, Yong Yue Lu2 and Yi Juan Xu2*
...ss ghost ants Tapinoma melanocephalum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) through interference competition. However, relatively less testing have been done to evaluate the competition for mutual exploitation between the two ant species in the field. Here, we investigated the interference of the fire ant S. invicta on the interactions between the ghost ant T. melanocephalum and the invasive mealybug ...
Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar*
...pes Latreille, 1804 is a large genus of spider with cosmopolitan distribution but has not been much studied in Pakistan. Two new species, Oxyopes chenabensis new species, and Oxyopes bidentata new species are being reported from Punjab.
...
Haji Muhammad, Zafar Iqbal* and Saira Saleemi
...r indicated that the population of many endemic and commercially important fish species has declined while the exotic family Cichlidae representative of three species (Oreochromis mossambicus, Oreochromis aureus and Oreochromis niloticus) has become well established in the study area. Similarly the population of exotic common carp (Cyprinus carpio) also seems to be established in the Indus...
Sadiq Hussain, Muhammad Sharif, Sarmad Khan, Fazli Wahid, Hina Nihar, Wiqar Ahmad, Imran Khan, Nadeem Haider and Tabassum Yaseen
...ffect of mycorrhiza inoculation with vermicompost on yield and P uptake of wheat. The experiment was carried out in Completely Randomized Design replicated four times during season 2014-15. Phosphorus (P) was applied at recommended level of 90 kg ha-1. Vermicompost was used as a source of P on the basis of its P concentration. The recommended dose of N @ 120 kg ha-1 was applied in the form of vermicompost and urea, while K was applied in the form of sulphate o...
Irfan Ullah and Abbas Ullah Jan
... groups are own price inelastic in both regions except milk, rice, tea and coffee and backed products which are more than unit elastic to own price. Similarly the demand for most of food groups in both regions are less than unit elastic to total expenditures and have positive sign, while the demand for milk, meat, rice, other cereals and other food produ...
Zaheer Ahmad Qureshi and Khuram Nawaz Sadozai
...he results were further elaborated through deciles under both income and expenditure approaches. The lower poorest category estimated through deciles contributes 2.78% to the overall rural region’s income. However, the upper richest category shares 30.06% to the aforementioned income. The deciles measured through expenditure approach revealed that the lower poorest category and upper richest category contributes 3.13 and 25.59, respectively. The study co...
Robina Karim and Dawood Jan
... trade is expected to be largely better off once WTO’s regime is fully implemented in Pakistan and rest of the world”. The statistical results show that, the coefficient of variation of Pakistan exports trade estimates at 0.1657 during 1985-90 and 0.0936 during 1990-95 pre-WTO periods, which with the exception of sub-period 2000-05 decreased throughout post-WTO period, which suggests Pakistan exports got smoothened after WTO’s implementation ...
Muhammad Zahid1, Muhammad Hamid Bashir1*, Bilal Saeed Khan1 and Muhammad Shahid2
...rations under controlled laboratory conditions. The results showed 25%, 30%, 70%, 50% and 65% mortality occurred by tested pesticides at field relevant doses after 144 h respectively. Missing mites data indicated repellency due to pesticides, was highest at the start of experiment, and then these acclimatized on leaf discs. Thiacloprid having lowest LC50 value 295 and proved toxic for the predator while diafenthiuron and pyriproxyfen have higher values. The fi...
Atul Sharma, Aruna Chandra Singh, Gautam Bacher, Sunil Bhand
...d environment, their regular monitoring is on prime interest. Aptamers are synthetic short sequences of single stranded (ss) oligonucleotides (ss-RNA or DNA), which are developed by an in-vitro selection process known as “Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX)” technique. Among the receptors available for biosensing, aptamer exhibit the advantages of high specificity, selectivity, stabi...
Asma-ul-Husna1, Muhammad Sajjad Ansari2, Bushra Allah Rakha3, Rabea Ejaz1, Nemat Ullah1 and Shamim Akhter1*
...evaluating the role of melatonin in extender for its cryoprotective effect on post-thaw quality of buffalo bull semen. For this purpose, two consecutive ejaculates were collected from three Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls using artificial vagina at weekly intervals for a period of three weeks (three replicates). Qualifying semen ejaculates were diluted (50×106 motile spermatozoa ml-1) in tri...
Muhammad Imran*, Munir Ahmad, Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Farooq Nasir, Imran Bodlah, Muhammad Nasir and Umer Ayyaz Aslam Sheikh
... stages under controlled laboratory conditions. Queen oviposition rate was 1.4-fold higher in polycarbonate box compared to wooden and cardboard materials. Early start of egg-laying (first oviposition period) and earlier emergence of first worker were found in polycarbonate box as compared to others. Similarly, colony foundation stage in polycarbonate box took 58.3 days which was about 7-1...
Ayanda Opeyemi Isaac,1,* Oniye Sonnie Joshua2 and Auta Jehu2
...ct of acute exposure of Clarias gariepinus juveniles to commonly used herbicides, glyphosate and paraquat was evaluated through changes in fish behaviour and mortality. Juveniles of the African catfish were exposed to varying acute concentrations of glyphosate and paraquat. The fishes responded, exhibiting different behavioural abnormalities like hyperactivity, abnormal swimming, restlessness, loss of equilibrum and haemorrhage. Observation of opercu
Ambreena Hafiz1, Tanzeela Riaz2 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1*
...ofile of 4th, 6th instar larvae and adult beetles of deltamethrin-resistant populations of T. granairum collected from wheat godowns of Gujranwala, Okara and D.G khan has been studied in current investigation. The toxicological data generated from deltamethrin-resistant populations was compared with deltamethrin-susceptible popul...
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...g nematode that affects plant growth and yield. We report on studies aimed to evaluate the effects of five nematophagous fungi on the population dynamics of this pest in sugar beets in laboratory and greenhouse trials. The fungi chosen were Arthrobotrys oligospora, Dactylella oviparasitica, Clonostachys rosea, Stropharia rugosoannu<...
Syeda Farzana Bibi*, Lal Badshah and Siraj-ud-Din
... for future studies and plantation of this area. It is suggested that plantation of invasive species should be discouraged which might become problematic in future for the indigenous flora....
Muhammad Basit1, Shafqat Saeed2, Mushtaq Ahmad Saleem3, Rana Zulfiqar4
...2009 to evaluate the population fluctuation of insect pests and their predators in sunflower ecosystem. The data revealed that B. tabaci and Empoasca spp were present throughout the cropping season. Their average maximum populations (5.65 and 3.20 individuals / leaf) were recorded during 3-week of May 2009. Aphis gossypii was recorded during the month of March and its maximum population (2...
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...use to determine the population dynamics of the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, and the nematophagous fungus, Lecanicillium muscarium, on tomato. The nematode population densities were measured by determining the number of galls and egg masses, juveniles and eggs per root system, and reproduction factor. Four initial populations (Pi) (500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 eggs) mixed with a...
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, through soil application under greenhouse conditions. A significant (P=0.05) reduction in the number of galls and egg masses, eggs and juveniles (J2), and the reproduction factor (Rf=Pf/Pi) was observed in the plants treated with L. muscarium compared to the control. However, all chemical nematicides were also effective in reducing the nematode infestation significantly (P=0.05) in soil compared ...
Misbah Riaz1, Qaiser Mansoor2, Maleeha Akram1, Muhammad Ismail2, Parveen Akhtar3, Shakeel Mirza4, Mazhar Qayyum1, Afzaal Ahmed Naseem1, Faheem Tahir5 and Syed Shakeel Raza Rizvi1*
... 54 (GPR54) is a key regulator of secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), whereas GnRH is a crucial neurohormone regulating the secretion of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) at puberty. The deficiency in release or action of GnRH leads to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) characterized by low FSH, LH and testosterone (T) and absent or impaired se...
Afzaal Ahmad Naseem1*, Maleeha Akram1, Sarwat Jahan2, Kiran Afshan2, Zubaria Iqbal1, Faheem Tahir3, Mazhar Qayyum1 and Syed Shakeel Raza Rizvi1
...V) directly through stimulation of chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Furthermore, T promotes LGV through augmentation of GH secretion. Nevertheless, age and developmental stage dependent changes in GH and T and LGV and their associations require further investigation. This study examined relationships between GH and LGV, T and LGV and GH and T in 540 normal healthy boys of 1 to 20 years (n=27 ...
larger;"> Ali Murad Rahoo1,2, Tariq Mukhtar3,*, Simon R. Gowen1, Rehana Kanwal Rahoo4 and Shaukat Ibrahim Abro5
...justify;">Due to non-availability of mass production techniques in Pakistan, the development and application of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) depend on the use of host insects for in vivo production. As there is little information regarding relationship between nematode dosage and production of infective juveniles (IJ) of Steinernema feltiae and ability to locate hosts, therefore, in the present studies investigations wer...
Adedeji A.J, Sati N.M, Pewan S.B, Ogbu K.I, Adole J.A, Lazarus D.D, Ijiwo S.J, Okpanachi A, Nwagbo I.O, Joannis, T.M and Abdu P.A
...al poultry farm in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria with mortality of up to 79.12%. The clinical signs observed were prostration, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, anorexia, trembling and mortality that lasted for 6 days. Postmortem findings include ecchymotic hemorrhages in the breast and thigh muscles, mucosa of the junction between the proventriculus and gizzard, severely enlarged and hemorrhagic ...
John Gachohi, Simon Karanja, Salome Wanyoike, Nduhiu Gitahi, Salome Bukachi, Kenneth Ngure
...ere is a scarcity of population-based information on the distribution of the infection and transmission determinants for urban Leptospirosis in developing countries. This study aims to source dynamic ecological and epidemiological field parameters to describe a slum household-based pathogenic Leptospira population dynamics simulation model. The model will be analyzed to assess the role of ...
Pan-pan Guo1, Wei Liu2, Yan Li2, Rui-yu Ma2, Wang Zaigui1*, Kai Zhan2*, Jun-ying Li2 and Sheng-nan Liu2
...chickens (400 Huangshan black chickens and 400 Huainan partridge chickens) of similar age and weight were evaluated in the present study. We extracted DNA from blood samples and analyzed polymorphisms of HTT gene as wells as possible association with egg production performances including age at first egg (AFE), laying rate (LR), egg production (EP), egg weight (EW), average egg weight (AEW...
Characterization, Tissue-Specific and Developmental Stage Expression of Somatostatin in Coilia nasus
Siyu Yang1, Fukuan Du2 and Pao Xu1,2*
...om the stage of midgastrula onward. This study provides some basic evidence that SS1 may play a role in growth, development and metabolism in C. nasus, and provides a basis for further study of SS neuropeptide family in C. nasus....
larger;">Taghreed A. Hafiz1, Murad A. Mubaraki1*, Mohamed A. Dkhil2,3 and Saleh Al-Quraishy2
... total polyphenolic and flavonoids contents were determined using a spectrophotometric method. The antiradical scavenging property and the maximum nontoxic concentration of the extract was determined using DPPH assay and MTT method, respectively. Serial concentrations of the extract not exceed the maximum nontoxic concentration were used against Vero cells for anti-HSV-1 and ant-HSV-2 effects by plaque assay. The result...
Ecevit Eyduran1, Daniel Zaborski2*, Abdul Waheed3, Senol Celik4, Koksal Karadas5 and Wilhelm Grzesiak2
...ictive capability among classification and regression trees (CART), chi-square automatic interaction detector (CHAID), radial basis function (RBF) networks and multilayer perceptrons with one (MLP1) and two (MLP2) hidden layers in body weight (BW) prediction from selected body measurements in the indigenous Beetal goat of Pakistan. Moreover, the results obtained with the data mining algori...
Ali Raza Awan*, Sehrish Firyal, Muhammad Tayyab, Lala Rukh, M. Zia ul Haq, Shagufta Saeed and Muhammad Wasim
...ringed Parakeet (Psittacula krameri) is sub-divided in 4 sub-species (P. krameri krameri, P. krameri parvirostris, P. krameri manillensis and P. krameri borealis). Identification of the sub-species is an intricate chore. This study aimed to genetically identify and classify the indigenous wild Rose-ringed Parakeet of Pakistan using Cytochrome b (Cytb) gene polymorphism. Mitochondrial DNA of 24 unrela...
Shakeel Ahmed* and Sarwat Jahan
...t adiposity signals and play certain roles in various biological processes. Now their involvement in the regulation of hypothalamus pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis has also been established. In the present study, we investigated the role of peripheral administration of neuromedin S (NMS) on adipokines (adiponectin, leptin and resistin) secretion in 48-h fasting and normal fed adult male Rhesu...
Süleyman Kök1*, Sertaç Atalay1, Hasan Semih Eken2 and Mustafa Savaşçi3
...le breeds. TGC was a popular race to breeding within Thrace and Western Anatolia, but unfortunately they are under the threat of extinction recently. The application of gene specific molecular markers in genotyping and genetic identification is of essential significance for preserving genetic diversity. The aim of this study was to reveal the genotype profile of indigenous types for TGC breed. In order to characterize TGC po...
larger;">Tayiba Latif Gulraiz1, Arshad Javid1*, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2, Muhammad Shahbaz3, Irfan3 and Sharoon Daud4
...roosting at Jinnah and Lalazar Gardens, Lahore was carried out from January, through December, 2011 and a total of twelve fungal and twelve bacterial genera were isolated. Four fungal (Candida, Fusarium, Penicillium and Saccharomyces) and two bacterial genera (Klebsiella and Nocardia) were isolated from bolus only, three fungal (Cryptococcus, Histop
Sania Subhan Qureshi, Mian Saeed Sarwar and Zahir Shah
...nd eggs to the local population and helps in poverty alleviation and a source of family income through entrepreneurship. A hen with the complaint of swelling on abdominal region, came to Veterinary Teaching Hospital, The University of Agriculture Peshawar. Physical examination was performed and it was diagnosed a case of muscle tumor (myoma). A skin incision was given to expose and to remove tumor mass from the surrounding ...
Wenmin Cheng1,2*, Weirong Pan1,2, Yubo Qing1, Yingchao Liu1, Xingqin Zha1,2, Yan Huang2, Jige Xin1,2, Hongjiang Wei1 and Yangzhi Zeng2
...-align: justify;">Nucleoplasmin (Npm) is the most abundant protein in the nucleus of oocytes which can promote in vitro nucleosome formation. In this study, to improve the efficiency of SCNT in Banna Mini-pig Inbred Line (BMI), we obtained the recombinant nucleoplasmin (Npm) by using a prokaryotic expression system and compared the difference on the developmental effects between exogenous Npm and its structural analog, polyg...
larger;">Muhammad Sohail1,*, Muhammad Naeem Khan1, Naureen Aziz Qureshi2 and Abdul Shakoor Chaudhry3
... + Cu) for 15 days under laboratory conditions. Gill cells of mussels were used to determine the DNA damage by comet assay. The tail DNA (%), comet tail length and olive tail moment (OTM) were the parameters selected to detect DNA damage. Low doses (120 µg L-1) of each metal induced significantly higher levels of DNA strands breaks as compared to medium dose (240 µg L-1) and very low levels of DNA damaged was observed at high dose (360 µg L-1...
Jose M. Rojas, Noemi Sevilla and Veronica Martin
...factors involved. In the last years substantial progress has been reported in the identification of viral factors involved in the host immunosuppression, although future studies employing in vivo infection models are needed to clearly understand the mechanisms developed by these viruses, in particular PPRV, to interact with the host immune system. A better comprehension of this behaviour could lead the global strategy for th...
Giselle R.R. Ayres* and Brandão P.E
...me, corresponding to the largest known RNA genome, with about 27kb for AvCoV. The first 5’ two thirds of this genome, correspondent to a wide ORF1 (also called replicase gene), code for non-structural proteins (nsps) that are enrolled in viral transcription, replication and pathogenesis. The last 3’ one-third of the genome codes the four structural and accessory proteins. Nsps act in a complex replication process...
Abdur Rahim1, Ghulam Abbas1, Muhammad Naeem2, Sara Ferrando3, Lorenzo Gallus3, Noor Khan4, Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman4, Abdul Ghaffar5 and Abdul Mateen6
...as found to be the first largest contributor producing 100 metric tons in 24 h. The second largest producers of fish meal in this region were Abdul Baqi, Ghulam Hussain and Kampa Industry (Unit 2) which produced 300 to 500 metric tons per month. Proximate composition of fish meal samples collected from different units showed that protein contents were 50.51% – 61.26% and energy was d...
Sabri Unal1, ASır Er2, Erol Akkuzu1* and Lubomir Salek3
... of the predator Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and to evaluate its efficacy on Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Kastamonu, Turkey. Rearing of C. septempunctata was carried out at 21.3±4.00ºC and 78.8±9.44% relative humidity. The first, second, third and fourth larval instars of C. septempunctata consumed 20.3, 54.3, ...
Mostafa A. Abdel-Maksoud1,2, Fathy A. Abdel-Ghaffar2, Azza El-Amir2, Gamal Badr3 and Saleh Al-Quraishy1*
...major immune organ that plays an important role during malaria infection. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that affects many body organs including spleen. However, the effect of Plasmodium chabaudi infection on the spleen of the murine lupus model BWF1with the comparison between live and gamma irradiated parasite was not studied before. A total of 30 female BWF1 ...
Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman1, Farzana Abbas1, Muhammad Ashraf1, Naeem Tariq Narejo2, Khalid Javed Iqbal3, Ghulam Abbas4* and Syedah Andleeb5
...t average fecundity with latency period of 47.70±0.54 h was observed in treatment 3 (40% CP) while treatment 2 (35% CP), in combination of ovaprim + fresh PG showed very short latency period when compared to the ovaprim+HCG injected fish. Treatment 1 and control failed to spawn. Fish fed on 30% protein diet (treatment 1) and the control had the lowest fecundity showing insufficiency of protein required for proper deve...
Tasnim Farasat*, Saima Sharif, Farkhanda Manzoor, Muneeza Zafar and Shagufta Naz
...hy and to evaluate its relationship with potential risk factors of diabetes on their first visit to a local hospital. Among the newly diagnosed diabetic subjects 33% (n=66) were with retinopathy. Out of which 30% (n=18) were male and 70% (n=48) were female. High density lipoprotein (HDL), both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol level and serum insulin were significantly higher (p< 0.05) in proliferative group of diabetic retinopathy, while t...
Dallin D. Oaks and Cynthia L. Hallen
... not only for Judaism, Islam, and mainline Christianity, but also for Mormonism, a distinctive branch of Christianity. Officially known as The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS), Mormonism shares some root metaphors with other Christians but differs in important ways in its development and use of these metaphors. In this paper we discuss the journey, battle, and container metaphors in relation to LDS doctrine ...
Imed Ben Salem*, Aymen Ben Ibrahim, M’barek Chetoui and Said Nouira
...ich have practically similar external morphologies although they spread in completely different geographical areas. The approach adopted was to identify landmarks on the skulls of all specimens using the tpsDig software, and then analyzing them through the program MorphoJ. Our results show that L. griselda has the largest skull, whereas L. zebra has the smallest. L. griselda and L. rosalia...
Faiqah Ramzan*1 and Muhammad Haris Ramzan2
...duct of the KISS1 gene, plays an essential role in the regulation of spermatogenesis acting primarily at the hypothalamic level of the gonadotropic axis. Citric acid is synthesized and secreted by the prostate gland. Its synthesis is regulated by androgens. As, dose dependent degeneration of prostate g
Marryam Bakhtawar1, Qamar Saeed1* and Naeem Iqbal2
...tential of four diets in larval development of lady bird beetle, Coccinella undecimpunctata, under laboratory conditions was done. These include mustard aphids (Lipaphis erysimi) cotton mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis), grain moth eggs (Sitotroga cerealella) and honey. Results revealed complete development of all
Abdul Sattar Baloch1*, Abdul Rasheed1,2, Rahmatullah Rind1, Jam Kashif Sahito1, Rehana Buriro1, Muhammad Faisal Ayoob1 and Parkash Dewani1
...f Pakistan. Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), serum agglutination test (SAT) and competitive-ELISA (c-ELISA) were used as screening tests, and overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was found to be as 21%, 21% and 13% by RBPT, SAT and c-ELISA tests, respectively. Seroprevalence was higher in females (26%) than in males (16%) by RBPT and SAT tests, and also in camels less than 9 years of age (13.33%). Milk samples were collected to detect the antibodies against the...
Hira Akhter1, Bilal Aslam2*, Naveed Shahzad3, Tanzeela Farooq4, Muhammad Umer5 and Muhammad Hidayat Rasool2
...za viruses and its molecular detections in asymptomatic commercial layers from Faisalabad district of Punjab, Pakistan. Overall 120 blood samples, 24 tissue samples from each organ (trachea, lung and intestine) were collected from the 12 commercial layer flocks selected randomly at the age of 35-50 weeks without any direct clinical manifestation of avian...
Rashid Ahmed Khan* and Muhammed Naveed
...stan. Its management has largely relied upon the indiscriminate and injudicious use of conventional insecticides resulting in problem of insecticide resistance, environmental pollution, fruit contamination and health hazards. The major goal of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a bio-insecticide, emamectin benzoate with other conventionally used insecticides against B. zonata. The results revealed the high toxicity of emamectin benzoate wit...
Abdul Mannan Babar1* and Abdul Hannan Nagi2
...an exaggeration of fibroplasia in dermal repair. Keloids are found solely in humankind, and not in animals. Thus far no practicable animal model of Keloid has been made. Recently a prototype rabbit ear keloid model has been produced by the authors by giving Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 injection, and then skin punch excision on rabbit ear. In the present follow-up study consisting of eight refind techniques, best Keloid was produced by the technique wher...
Rongrong Li1, Kun Li2, Xiaoqiang Wang2, Houqiang Luo2, Gang Qiu2, Hui zhang2, Yanfang Lan2 and Jiakui Li2,3*
Atta ur Rehman1, Sher Ali2 and Sajid Malik2*
...The study of Pashtun populations of North-West Pakistan deserves special attention due to the demographic transitions caused by recurrent displacements, fragmentation and migrations. In order to observe the genetic differentiation in lower Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) region, ABO and Rh blood groups record of nine Pashtun populations, i.e., Bannu, Dera Ismail Khan, Hangu, Karak, Kohat, Kurram ...
Hussain Ahmad1, Inamullah1, Ijaz Ali2, Tauseef Ahmad3, Muhammad Tufail4, Kabir Ahmad5 and Bibi Nazia Murtaza3,6*
...s. It is caused by Brucella abortus in animals and Brucella melitensis in human. The current study aimed to find out the prevalence of Brucella and active brucellosis in the human population of district Swat. Total 300 individuals (both female and male of all ages, meeting our inclusion/exclusion criteria) with informed consent were included in the study...
Muhammad Raheel1,*, Nazir Javed2, Sajid Aleem Khan2, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif3 and Sohail Ahmed4
...cked on Galleria mellonella larvae. The native species included Steinernema asiaticum and Heterorhabditis indica whereas exotic species were S. feltiae and H. bacteriophora. G. mellonella larvae were exposed to 300 IJs of each species. After inoculation at different temperatures, the reproductive potential of EPNs incr...
John G. Bruno
...>SA) to rank their relative affinities and discriminatory ability for distinguishing between each of the STEC serovars. The most specific biotinylated aptamers from the ELASA screening were then attached to streptavidin-coated magnetic beads (SAv-MBs) and used to capture their cognate and related E. coli serovars. ...
Dein Simon
...ngs there are marked similarities between the two groups. In this paper I analyse new atheism in terms of fundamentalist characteristics discussed by the Fundamentalism Project: Reactivity, dualism, absolutism and inerrancy, apocalypticism. Additionally both underscore the role of evidentialism. From my analysis of these characteristics I conclude that the movement is fundamentalist...
Zafar Waheed, Khalid Usman, Iftikhar Ali
...heat + Rumex dentatus 0 plants m-2 (T1), wheat + Rumex dentatus 05 plants m-2 (T2), wheat + Rumex dentatus 10 plants m-2 (T3), wheat + Rumex dentatus 15 plants m-2 (T4), wheat + Rumex dentatus 20 plants m-2 (T5), wheat + Rumex dentatus 25 plants m-2 (T6), and wheat + Rumex dentatus 3...
Ahmed Samy, Wesam Mady, Naglaa M. Haggag, Samah H. Mohamed, Ebtissam N. AlShamy, M.K. Hassan
... strains reveal high similarity with difference close to cleavage site (HARSSR/ GLF) and (PARSSR/GLF) for V3 and RSF/1 respectively. Results of growth kinetics in PBMCs showed that V3 replicated more efficiently comparing to RSF/1 at all-time points. Further, strain V3 induced significant up-regulation of IL-1b and IL-6 at 24 hours post infections (hpi) comparing to RSF/1. However, both strains induced significant up-regu
Muhammad Shafiq and Tahir Maqsood
...ity of Agriculture, Faisalabad, during 2013-14. Adsorption procedure was done by harmonizing 2.5g soil in 0.01M CaCl2 solution having diverse B doses (0, 0.01, 0.03 , 0.05 , 0.07, 0.09, 0.11, 0.13,0.15 and 0.17 mg B L-1). Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models were applied to the data to check the sorption of B on sandy clay loam soil. Freundlich model depicted superior fitness of the sorption (r2=0.99) statistics than La...
Dilawar Hussain* and Abdul Mateen
...igned to alleviate the aflatoxin-B1 toxicity by the use of 0.5% calcium bentonite clay and to evaluate its effect on the growth performance of Nile tilapia over a period of 10 weeks. Inclusion of AFB1 at both 2 and 4 ppm levels significantly (p<0.05) decreased specific growth rate (SGR), net weight gain (NWG), average daily gain (ADG), survival, feed intake, feed efficiency ratio (FER) ...
G.E. Odo1*, E.J. Agwu1, N.I. Ossai2, C.O. Ezea3, J. Madu1 and V. Eneje2
... the fish skin and opercula colouration were observed. Aluminium phosphide elicited effects on the haematological parameters of the fish such as a decrease in Hb when compared to the control; reduction of MCV, MCH and MCHC to all exposed concentration of aluminium phosphide, significant increase in neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil and monocytes throughout the duration of exposure and decrease in the lymphocytes . The results on gill and liver tissues sampled s...
KM Fakhrul-Islam, Mohammad Shah Jalal, Sonnet Poddr, Md Nurul Quader, Md Sahidur-Rahman, Avijit Dutta and Shuvo Mazumder
...ody condition score. The lactating animals and pregnant animals were more commonly affected (81.8% and 63.6%), respectively. The main clinical signs were high fever (100%), sore foot (72.7%) and sored mouth (63.6%). The category of 16-20 days of illness of FMD was recorded for 36.5% cases. The treatment given was sulphonamaide or amoxicillin along with other supportive drugs. The recovery rate was 60-80%....
Sezgi Arman* and Sema Isisag Ucuncu
...d intestine were mainly classified as acidic (AB-positive) and neutral (PAS-positive). Statistical analysis were confirmed that, the numbers of acidic and neutral cells of per unite square of epithelial area were significantly different....
Sezgi Arman* and Sema Isisag Ucuncu
...d intestine were mainly classified as acidic (AB-positive) and neutral (PAS-positive). Statistical analysis were confirmed that, the numbers of acidic and neutral cells of per unite square of epithelial area were significantly different....
Noor Us Saher1, Zunaira Amanat2, M. Asif Gondal3 and Naureen Aziz Qureshi4,*
...align: justify;">Matuta planipes and Ashtoret lunaris were collected as a part of by catch of gillnet deployed for shrimps from April 2005 to March 2007 in Sonmiani Bay waters (Miani Hor lagoon). M. planipes was found abundantly in Sep. 2005, Nov. - Dec. 2005 and Dec. 2006 (93.3%, 94.7%, 92.3% and 87 % respectively). A. lunaris was found in abundance during May 2005 (85.7%) and Aug. 2005 (...
Ibrar Khan1,2,3,*, Sadia Qayyum2, Shehzad Ahmed2, Kashif Syed Haleem2, Mujaddad-ur-Rehman1, Guang-Lei Liu3 and Zhen-Ming Chi3
.... The study comprised isolation, microscopic observations and ribotyping, allowed discrimination of the marine fungal isolates as Penicillium viticola F1, Penicillium restrictum F2, Penicillium rubens F8, Penicillium implicatum F10, Penicillium piceum F11, Penicillium oxalicum F12, Penicillium sumatrense F15, and Penicillium vinaceum F16. This study demonstrated that Yellow Sea can be cons...
Nighat Sultana1,2,*, Shazia Iftikhar1, Nafeesa Qudsia Hanif2 and Iffat Tahira2
... Pakistan. A. niger, A. flavus and A. fumigatus were the most dominant followed by A. terrus and A. ochraceous in fresh and ensiled maize fodder. Total fungal counts ranged from 1×103 to 4×103cfu/ml for all species in both fresh and ensiled maize fodder. Total aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2) and ochratoxin A (OTA) analysis showed that AFB1was present with high frequency in fresh (37.5%) and ensiled (41.66%...
Abdul Aziz Khan1,*, Waseem Ahmad Khan2, Waseem Ahmad Khan3 and Najam-ul-Huda Khan4
...ed the abundance and population structure of Little Indian field mouse, Mus booduga, at five lakes in the Salt Range, Punjab, Paklistan. The trapping data of 375 trap nights indicated highest abundance of Mus booduga (no = 132), out of 141 small mammals trapped. Majority of the Mus booduga specimens were adults (56.06%) while the juvenile/sub-adults were 43.94% of the total specimens trapped. The highest trap success of Mus ...
Wang Tian1, Huayong Zhang1,*, Jian Zhang2, Lei Zhao1, Mingsheng Miao3 and Hai Huang1
...asonal variations of zooplankton community structure and their relationships with both environmental factors and phytoplankton biomass are investigated in Lake Nansihu. A total of 76 zooplankton species were identified in the lake, including 17 protozoa, 36 rotifera, 12 cladocera and...
Jixue Hou1,2, Xueling Chen3, Jing Wang4, Hongwei Zhang2, Yu Xi2, Jie Xia2, Xinyu Peng2,* and Xiangwei Wu2,5*
...ic process of cardiovascular disease, but for a long time it is just limited to large animals, like pigs, rabbits, and big rats. The mice with reproduction fast cycle, lower costing, and close to human genes, can be showed about some phenomenon quickly, also more easy to form model of atherosclerosis. Thus, a mouse model of vascular injury is vitally important for researching the pathophys...
Xiangxing Zhu1, Junyu Nie1, Shouneng Quan1,2, Huiyan Xu1, Xiaogan Yang1, Yangqing Lu1, Kehuan Lu1 and Shengsheng Lu1*
...al functions. Although a large number of transgenic mouse models carrying astrocyte-specific transgene expression of transgene have made significant contributions to understanding astrocytic structure and function in vitro and in vivo, evidence suggests that mouse models are limited and sometimes do not fully replicate the complete spectrum of neurological phenotypes seen in human diseases. On the contrary, pigs, especially mini-pigs, show exciting potential f...
Abdul Baset1, Qun Liu1,*, Muhammad Tariq Hanif1, 2, Baochao Liao1, Aamir Mahmood Memon1,3 and Muhammad Mohsin1
...ian oil sardine, Sardinella longiceps (Valenciennes, 1847, Family: Clupeidae), fishery resources from Pakistani waters. The catch and effort data (1994 – 2009) were analyzed by CEDA (catch and effort data analysis) consists of Fox, Schaefer and Pella Tomlinson models and ASPIC (a surplus production model incorporating covariates) contain Fox and Logistic models. The average annual la...
Aiza Tahir, Muhammad Asif, Zaigham Abbas and Shafiq ur Rehman*
...us along with other coagulase negative Staphylococci are among the major mastitis causing organisms. Consumers of milk and milk products from mastitic animals are at high risk of foodborne infections. Escalating antibiotic resistance strived us to explore the alternate option to control mastitis. In ongoing era, bacteriophages are an alternate possible effective remedy. Therefore, in this study the infection ability of three...
Fukuan Du1,2, Yan Li2, Zhixin Wen1, Ruguo Chen1 and Pao Xu2*
... markers are ideal molecular markers for the following investigating genetic diversity, constructing genetic maps, and marker assisted selection....
Oluwasogo David Olorunfemi, Oluwasegun Adetokunbo Adekunle, Felix Olayinka Oladipo, Temitope Oluwaseun Oladele and Oladimeji Idowu Oladele
...revealed a significant relationship between the respondents’ training needs on value addition initiatives and their age, educational level, years of experience and fish farm income. The value addition initiatives use profile of the fish farmers was still very low among the respondents and training was highly needed on value addition initiatives in seven major areas. It was recommended that robust training programmes and advisory services should be packag...
Bahattin Cak1, Orhan Yilmaz1, Siddik Keskin2, Tahir Bayril3 and Mohammad Masood Tariq4*
... 150 days. The Monomolecular, Gompertz, Richards and Three Parameter Logistic models were used. The best model was determined by considering the root mean square error, R2 % and asymptotic correlation coefficient criteria. We concluded that the Gompertz and Richards models were favourable for singletons and that the Richards model was favorable for determining twin Colored Mohair goat growth characteristics. Birth type shoul...
Shazia Irfan1*, Asima Rani1, Muhammad Arshad2 and Razia Bashir1
...es oxidative stress may play some role in progression and pathogenesis of RA. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene polymorphism [rs2070424 (–251A/G)] in RA and to compare the levels of metals and minerals among its various genotypes in RA patients. A total of 400 individuals including age and gender matched healthy individuals (control group) and RA patients were genotyped. Detection of rs2070424 p...
Abdur Rahim1, Ghulam Abbas1*, Lorenzo Gallus2, Sara Ferrando2, Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman3, Abdul Ghaffar4 and Abdul Mateen5
...composition of juvenile black fin sea bream, Acanthopagrus berda (weight 23.5g−125.8 g) were investigated. Fish were randomly distributed in rectangular glass tanks (150 liter) and were fed at six ration levels of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0,3.5, 4.0 and 4.5% body weight per day (BW d−1) and four feeding frequency i.e., once, twice, thrice and four times per day. Fish in all replicates were ...
Iram Liaqat1*, Najma Arshad2, Muhammad Arshad3, Safdar Ali Mirza4, Nazish Mazhar Ali1 and Ammara Shoukat1
...ues. Among 24 strains isolated from Shaukat Banaspati Ghee industry (Grw) and Shezan foods (pvt) Ltd, Lahore, Pakistan food industry, 10 highly antibiotic resistant strains were subjected to morphological, physiological and biochemical characterization. 16SrRNA sequencing was performed to identify three highly resistant strains at species level. Antimicrobial activity of aqueous and methanolic plant extracts of Camellia sine...
Bin Wang, Bo Zhang, Nan Yang, Liang Dou and Jianghong Ran*
...eratively breed in a population habituated to supplemental feeding by humans. The social structure and demography of this species, however, have not been examined in natural populations. To determine if cooperative breeding occurs in populations unassociated with humans, we surveyed two natural populations in the Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in we...
Sidra-Tul-Muntaha1, Muhammad Sagheer1*, Mansoor-ul-Hasan1 and Shahbaz Talib Sahi2
...tory efficiency of five plant extracts (Azadirachta indica, Melia azadirach, Pegnum hermala, baryosma and Zingiber officinale) and three synthetic pyrethroids (bifenthrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin) on three geographical populations of Callosobruchus chinensis collected during 2013 from Faisalabad, Multan and Nankana districts of Punjab, Pakistan. T...
Muhammad Saeed* and Iftikhar Hussain Khalil
...s including grain yield plant-1 which can be subsequently utilized in future wheat breeding to develop high yielding new wheat cultivars from transgressive segregants recovered in latter generations....
Aziz-ul-Rahman, Farooq Yousaf, Naveed Anwar and Muhammad Abubakar
...e of 66.01%. Moreover, related to sex discrimination, 69.80:63.83% (GMT 14.83:15.92) antibody titre has been screened in female and male, respectively. So, based on the sero-prevalence, the evaluation of intrinsic (age groups and sex) and extrinsic factors (season fluctuation) clearly indicated the occurrence of previous outbreaks of PPR virus due to persistency of virus in endemic regions....
Ahmed Zein Mahmoud, Muaz Abdellatif and Ahmed Abdalla
..., Bagaa, Shenan and Ghazalah. Saudi Arabia. The seroprevalece was determined by NP-epitopes based competitive ELISA. The overall prevalence was 59.9%, goats had a significantly higher sero-prevalence of 75.3% compared to 59.4% obtained from sheep, whereas camels were seronegative. The prevalence of PPR was increasing from 27.9% in 2011 to 77.3% in 2016. Seropositivity was higher in wet seasons (60.9 to 61.4%) to 56.7% in dry hot season. Species, year and locat...
Salma Shaheen, Mumtaz Khan, Muhammad Jamil Khan, Saleem Jilani, Zarina Bibi, Muhammad Munir and Mehwish Kiran
...ly being applied to stimulate nutrient cycling and plant growth. However, information regarding its co-application with organic wastes and chemical fertilizers on enhancing spinach yield is scarce. A pot experiment was conducted at Gomal University D.I. Khan, Pakistan, during 2009-10 to study the changes in soil fertility and spinach growth after the application of EM with organic wastes and chemical fertilizers. The six tre...
Neelum Andaleeb and Munir Khan
...face interview. Cobb-Douglas production function and cost benefit analysis were used to arrive at the main conclusion. Results show that feed cost was the major component of total cost followed by labor cost. Average milk produced by buffalo and cow was 180 and 135 liters per month, respectively. Average total costs of milk production of buffalo and cow were Rs.12835 and Rs.10070 per month respectively whereas the average ne...
Qamar Ali, Muhammad Ashfaq and Muhammad Tariq Iqbal Khan
...andom sampling. Cobb-Douglas was good on the basis of R2 (0.748) and f-statistics (17.505). Production elasticity was positive for education, polythene sheet, fertilizers, chemical, irrigation and labour days. Under utilization of resources was found for polythene sheet, fertilizers, chemicals, irrigation and labour days. Over utilization of resources wa...
Fida Mohammad, O.S. Abdalla, Sheraz Ahmed, Fakharuddin and S. Rajaram
...te the grain yield and related yield components of synthetic derived bread wheat lines under different moisture levels, this research was conducted during 2006-07 in the field conditions of Tel Hadya and Breda i.e. the leading research venues of International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Syria. The experimental material comprised of forty synthetic derived wheat lines along with eight check cultivars was p
Nusrat Habib, Safeena Inam and Abdul Hayee Qureshi
...tal operational holding, last year yield of sunflower, access to extension services and share of non-agricultural income. By increasing 1 percent in these parameters will increase the probability for adoption of sunflower. Keeping in view the importance of this crop it is suggested to provide market structure for sunflower growers near to their field areas and Research efforts should be made to overcome the problems faced by sunflower growers....
Amjad Ali and Abbas Ullah Jan
... one percent increase in land under sugarcane crop, seed , urea, DAP, farmyard manure, tractor hours, irrigation, pesticides used and labour days would rise sugarcane yield by 0.053, 0.103, 0.068, 0.020, 0.024, 0.111, 0.118, 0.005 and 0.121% respectively. All inputs except DAP, farmyard manure and pesticides were found significant at 5% significance level. In inefficiency model grower age, experience and contact with extensi...
Muhammad Jamal Nasir, Anwar Saeed Khan, Said Alam and Saeed Akhtar
..."text-align: justify;">Palai dam is a small irrigation dam located on the northern border of district Charsadda, adjacent to Mohmand agency. The construction of dam was started in 2009 and was completed in 2011. It is claimed that dam will irrigate 5000 acre of land in four mouza’s of district Charsadda. Present study is an attempt to determine the impact of Pa<...
Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed and Dilnawaz Ahmed Gardezi
...aled maximum values for plant height and number of nodes. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences for plant height, number of tillers, leaf area, brix percentage, reducing and non-reducing sugar. A total of 79.75% cumulative variance was estimated in genotypes with PCA analysis at eigenvalue >1 and grouped 20 genotypes into five clusters at Euclidean distance (ED) 7...
Sheraz Ahmad Khan and Ghulam Hassan
...ion of yield and yield related traits in wheat. For all the studied traits, mean squares showed the presence of significant variation (p≤0.01) among the genotypes. Heritability estimates were observed high (h2˃0.60) for all the traits. The highest heritability (0.93) was noticed in plant height followed by flag leaf area (0.89). The values of genetic advance were recorded low to mo...
Muhammad Aslam Shahid, Muhammad Iqbal and Muhammad Niamatullah
...lm tree. Pollen sources play important role in fruit setting .The growers pollinate the date by using low potency pollen source and get low yield. Present studies were conducted with the aim to explore best pollen sources for maximum fruit set and yield. In this respect, an experiment was conducted during 2012 and 2013 to evaluate the male spath characteristics and to observe the effect of pollen sources on fruit set, yield and physico-chemical characteristics...
Hina Fatima, Lal Almas and Bushra Yasmin
...zation of inputs such as land, seeds, fertilizers and pesticides reflect the general performance of the inputs in terms of their degree of changes in cotton-melon output to change inputs reflected by the allocative efficiency analysis. It is indispensable that policies aimed at adapting innovative farming techniques must be implemented in an efficient manner. Effectively implementation of agricultural schemes, formal education and in-formal education should be...
Aqila Shaheen and Nadia Sabir
...termine the effect of tillage with and without residues and organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield of wheat-maize cropping systems in the erosion-vulnerable sub-humid area. Treatments included tillage levels i.e. ST (shallow tillage), STR (shallow tillage with residues), DT (deep tillage) and DTR (de...
Naushad Khan1*, Shahnaz Akhtar1, Munir Khan1, Shaista Naz2, Javeria Tanveer1 and Muhammad Kaleem3
... its easy and excess availability in the rural areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province is considered a main staple food in low income households. Due to small scale farming in the province the maize growers are always in need of loan for the purchase of inputs. The present study examined the effect of ZTBL credit program on maize productivity in district Mardan of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. For this, a sample of 226 farmers was selected by employing multi stag...
Sana Irshad Khan1*, Zafar Iqbal2, Hamid Ullah Shah2 and Shaukat Hussain3
...p., Alternaria brassicicola, Pythium sp. and Aspergillus flavus were screened against Wilt causing pathogens using the dual culture assay. Among them, Aspergillus flavus was found active fungus against the selected vascular Wilt causing fungus and bacteria, i.e. Fusarium oxysporum (87.50 ± 0.11% inhibition), Xanthomonas campestris (67.00 ± ...
Zaffar Malik, Moazzam Jamil, Ghulam Hassan Abassi, Muhammmad Nafees, Muhammad Rafey and Muhammad Kamran
...consistency limits like plastic limit (PL), liquid limit (LL) and plasticity index (PI), tensile strength (TS), shear strength (cohesion (C) and angle of friction (φ)) were studied. Results showed that amendments had improved soil physico-mechanical properties. No specific trends were observed for consistency limit, however, PI decreased for all the amendments applied and LL showed correla...
Zamarud Shah, Safdar Hussain Shah, Asad Jan and Gul Shad Ali
...t devastating impact on plant growth. Heat shock transcription factors are known to play an important role in regulating heat stress in plants. Tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) was transformed with heat shock transcription factor HsfA1d by transfecting leaf discs with Agrobacterium strain GV3101 carrying CaMV35S-YFP::HsfA1d construct. After PCR and confo...
Zeeshan Haider, Inayatullah Jan and Waqar Akram
...living conditions of populations worldwide. Keeping that in mind, this study was conducted in northwest Pakistan with the aim to identify the effect of armed conflict on income from tomato crop. The study is based on the primary data collected from two villages namely Shilozan and Pewar in Kuram Agency in the northwest of Pakistan. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired t-test. The results of the paired t...
Ibni Amin Khalil* and Raziuddin
...ed trial for seed yield plant-1 performance. Differences among the parental lines, testers, F1 hybrids and line × tester interaction for found significant (P<0.01) for the studied parameter. Promising genotypes for seed yield i.e. L-4, L-5, L-7 and T-4 were identified as best parents as they outclassed all other genotypes by producing maximum seed yield per plant of 28 g. Since, t...
Muhammad Afzal1 and Murad Khan2*
...lected namely Adinzai, Balambat, Timergara and Sumerbagh on the basis of purposive sampling technique. From these tehsils, 92 farms were selected randomly from 460 poultry farms. The sample farms were categorized into three groups i.e. small, medium and large. For analysing the data, descriptive statistics and gross margin were used. The average total cost of small poultry farm was Rs. 3,10,067 per flock while that of medium...
Gökhan Kuş1,*, Hatice Mehtap Kutlu2, Djanan Vejselova2 and Emre Comlekci3
...r therapy had become popular in recent years. Ceramide is a metabolite in sphingolipid pathway of the cells that has an ability to promote cell death in tumor cells when produced endogenously in the cells or applied exogenously. Ceramidases, which are main component of ceramide pathway catalyze metabolism of proapoptotic ceramide to anti-apoptotic sphingosine and other fatty acids. In this study we have evaluated the pro-apoptotic effect of ceranib-2, a human ...
Yusuf Koc1, Ecevit Eyduran1* and Omer Akbulut2
...ve the aim, 1884 Mengali lambs were provided for predicting weaning weight from sex (male and female), birth type (single and twin), birth year (2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009), farm (Research station, Mastung, Quetta, and Noshki), birth weight, dam age, and dam weight. To choice the best regression tree method, goodness of fit criteria such as coefficient of determination (R2%), adjusted coefficient of determination (Adj-R2%), coefficie...
Eman Mahmoud El-Diasty1,Madeha Abd El-Halim Ibrahim2 and Ghada Kamal El Khalafawy2,*
...ctions. A total of 50 isolates were isolated from 60 swab samples collected from two poultry processing plants represented broiler carcasses swabs and worker (hand swabs and nail scrapings). Phenotype-based methods for identifying yeast especially Candida species are often difficult, time-consuming and not enough to identify most yeast species. . Molecula
S. Bushra1,*, M. Tariq1, M. Naeem1, M. Ashfaq1, I. Bodlah1 and M. Ali2
... are the major pests of plant crops in temperate areas of the world. They are monophagous as well as polyphagous and damage wheat, oilseeds, vegetables and fruit crops. This study was carried out to observe the effect of plant extracts and semiochemicals on physiology and performance of endoparasitoid of aphids, Diaeretiella rapae. Seven different treatments of semiochemicals and p<...
Muhammad Arshad1*, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan2*, Faisal Hafeez3, Ravaid Sherazi1 and Naeem Iqbal4
... New Roman";">The relationship between a coccinellid beetle (Coccinella septempunctata L.) and four different aphid species (spinach aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli; coriander aphid, Hyadaphis coriandri (Das); cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L.;pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) was evaluated in the laboratory in no choice and free choice feeding...
Önder Duysak*andKübra Azdural
...ned in tissue of Patella caerulea from various population in Iskenderun Bay, Turkey.Our study focused on seasonal variation of some heavy metals and aluminium in Patella caerulea L., 1758 tissues collected from eight different sampling stations of Iskenderun Bay. The concentration of heavy metal in P. caerulea tissues tended to vary significantly between season and sta...
Waheed Anwar*, Muhammad S. Haider, Ahmad A. Shahid, Hamid Mushtaq, Usman Hameed, Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman and Muhammad Javed Iqbal
...rnorrhyncha, were isolatedfrom three different agroecological zones of Pakistan. Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium solani, Fusarium incarnatum and Fusarium sp. along with other fungi were isolated and characterized morphologically as well as genetically by amplifying internal transcribed spacer region (ITS). Variability among Fusarium species based on ITS s...
Wan-Long Zhu1 and Guang Yang2,*
...ining the role of hypothalamic neuropeptides genes expressions on body mass regulation under different photoperiods in Eothenomys miletus, body mass, food intake, serum leptin levels and hypothalamic neuropeptide neuropeptide Y (NPY), Agouti related peptide (AgRP), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), cocaine and amphet...
Abdur Rahim1, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Muhammad Naeem2, Sara Ferrando3, Lorenzo Gallus3, Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman4, Abdul Ghaffar5 and Abdul Mateen6
...composition of juvenile black fin sea bream Acanthopagrus berda was investigated. Fish juvenile (10.1±0.5 g) were collected from Sonari Channel, Hawksbay, Karachi and were brought to aquaculture laboratory of the Centre for 15 days acclimatization. After acclimatization, they were randomly distributed into the rectangular tanks (3 × 1.5 ×1.5 ft each). In each tank...
Effect of Supplemented Algal Carotenoid Diets on Skin Color of Tomato Clownfish, Amphiprion frenatus
Muge Aliye Hekimoglu*, Kgrşat Fırat, Şahin Saka, Cüney Suzer, Aysun Kop and Yaşar Durmaz
...of Nannochloropsis oculata and Porphyridium cruentum as natural pigment sources on skin color of tomato clownfish, Amphiprion frenatus. Two groups, each of 6 fish were fed on feed containing (69.8±9.158 mg.g-1) N. oculata (Group A), and 67.21±7.068 mg.g-1 of P. cruentum (Group B). The third group (Group C) was fed on control basal diet (34.93±29.07...
Blood Selenium and Vitamin E Levels in Heifers: Regional and Seasonal Differences in Northern Cyprus
Serkan Sayiner1* and Hilal Karagul2
...ifer blood selenium and plasma vitamin E levels were generally found within adequate ranges in all regions for both seasons. We suggest that feed supplements containing selenium should be added for the Iskele region during the winter months. For the Morphou region we advise that feed supplements should be added during summer due to low levels of selenium found in roughages.
...
Ahmad Kamran Khan1, Muhammad Hamid Bashir1,*, Bilal Saeed Khan1 and Nazir Javed2
...ils in August at Gujranwala. The highest family richness (S=10) was reported in undisturbed soil at D.G.Khan and the lowest (S=3) was found in cultivated soils in Gujranwala, Chakwal and Bhakkar.
...
Naime Zülâl Elekcioğlu*
...n Phyllocnistis citrella at nine constant temperatures ranging from 15ºC±1 to 35ºC±1 in 2.5ºC increments in the laboratory. Developmental periods of immature stages ranged from 34.98 days at 15ºC to 9.15 days at 35ºC. The lower developmental threshold for C. phyllocnistoides estimated was 8.93°C. Mortality rate of immature stages decreased as the temperature increased,...
Irshad Ahmad
... justify;">Walnut (Juglans regia) is a valuable tree for its fruit, furniture wood and ecological purposes. It is widely grown on farmlands in Northern Areas of Pakistan, where it is a cash crop ranked third in value of exports after onion and tomato. It is attacked by a number of insect pests including walnut borer (Zeuzera coffeae Nietner) that adversely affects the yield and quality of the fruit and wood. Th...
Lingtong Ye1, Chao Cao1,2, Bin Tang1,2, Tuo Yao1, Ruixuan Wang1 and Jiangyong Wang1*
...nes morphology and molecular analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene. Adult P. websteri exhibit a high degree of morphological plasticity in the palp pigmentation pattern, the shape of the anterior edge of the prostomium, the shape of the major spines on chaetiger 5, and the shape of the pygidium. The COI gene sequence demonstrated that the intraspecific distance of P. websteri w...
Hafiz Aftab Ahmed1, Asif Ali2, Akbar Ali2, Salman Ahmed Abid3 and Sajid Umar4*
... were presented with complaint of persistent unilateral hind limb extension. The animals were unable to flex the limb during walk. Diagnosis was based on case history, clinical sign and clinical examination. Upward fixation of patella was diagnosed in all three animals. After careful palpation of the ligament, medial patellar desmotomy was performed in <...
Guang-Xin E1, Yong-Ju Zhao1, Zhong-Yuan Zhang1, Yan-Guo Han1, Wei-Wei Ni1, Ming-Xing Chu2, Yue-Hui Ma2, Jian-Ning He3, Huai-Zhi Jiang4, Jia-Hua Zhang1, Zhong-Quan Zhao1, Yan Zeng1, Ri-Su Na1, Gao-Fu Wang5, Hang-Xing Ren5 and Yong-Fu Huang1*
.... Some microsatellites related to the fecundity of domestic animals have been identified. In the current study, we investigated five fecundity related microsatellites, including BM1329, BM143, LSCV043, OarHH35, and OarHH55, which had been identified in sheep. We estimated their diversity and population structure in three high fecundity goats (Jianzhou big ear goat, Jining grey goat, Dazu b...
Mahanama De Zoysa1, Si-yun Ryu1, Hyeon-cheol Kim2 and Bae Keun Park1*
...asitic crustacean was isolated from the naturally infested goldfish (Carassius auratus) purchased from commercial aquarium in Korea. Based on the morphological comparison with all Argulus species, isolated fish lice was identified as Argulus japonicus Thiele, 1899. A. japonicus is native to Asia, which also is a habitat for its typical hosts, such as goldfish and common koi carp (Cyprinus carpi...
Rashid Mahmood1*, Saima Asad2, Ghulam Sarwar1, Waqar Ahmad1, Ziyad Abdul Qadir1, Ammara Balouch1 and Muhammad Khalid Rafique1
...tural Research Centre, Islamabad. Twenty five honeybee colonies were used which had similar number of worker bees, brood and stored food. In order to study the foraging activity of honeybees in the field condition, the number of pollen foragers returning to the hive entrance was recorded for 10 min duration on hourly basis between 0800 h to 1600 h for 3 days per week. The data was collected at 0800–1000 hours (early mo...
Kiran Afshan1*, Sarwat Jahan1 and Mazhar Qayyum2
...iasis caused by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica in Pakistan, we first time evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of commercially available bovine F. hepatica enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of IgG against fascioliasis in sera of small ruminants. The result of current study indicated diagnostic accuracy of test 95.6%, while sensitivity a...
Farkhanda Manzoor1, Iram Amin2,*, Muhammad Shahid2,Samia Afzal2,Hania Ramzan1, Tahir Rehman Samiullah2 and Muhammad Idrees3
...ion of dengue virus from larvae of Aedes aegypti (L) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) by using PCR. During this study, larvae of A. aegypti and A. albopictus were collected from different localities of Lahore during May to September of 2012 to 2014. RNA extracted from each mosquito larvae pool was tested by nested PCR for detection of dengue virus. Out of total 50 p...
Syed Fazal Baqi Kakakhel*, Asad Ullah and Abdur Rashid
...e carried out on the population and distribution of ‘Near Threatened’ Markhor sub species Flare-horned Markhor (Capra falconeri falconeri Wagner 1839) in District Swat covering an area of 5337 km² in 2013. The population survey was conducted in two phases i.e. December 21-24 in Kalam and December 26-29 in Mankial valleys. V...
Arif Jan,* Abdul Rab, Rooh Ullah, Haroon and Ikram Ullah
...on of S. chizothorax plagiostomus was studied River Panjkora from February 2014 to January 2015. Kumrat valley in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The GSI values recorded monthly ranged from 2 to 13.5, the highest value was recorded in March while the lowest was recorded in April and October. We inferred that S. plagiostomus spawn twice a year, once in March-April and then in October-November.
...
Sameera Akhtar1*, Muhammad Akram Muneer1, Khushi Muhammad1, Muhammad Yasin Tipu1, Muhammad Anees2, Imran Rashid1, Raza-ur-Rehman3 and Irshad Hussain1
...ontinuous disease surveillance and understanding of field NDV strains. The NDVs, a prototype of Avian Paramyxoviruses (APMV-1), have been reported previously both in chicken and feral birds (natural reservoirs) in Pakistan; however, their molecular characterization is largely inadequate and requires continuous evaluation. In this study, sequencing and molecula
Gabriela Mansano do Nascimento, Helena Lage Ferreira and Clarice Weis Arns
...ption of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), responsible for playing an essential and decisive role in the virus pathology. Some studies have already reported the overexpression of these genes against IBDV infection in susceptible cells. The protection ability of ISGs to safeguard chicken cells against the virus could be potentially applied for vaccine production, better vaccination protocols and infection control in the fut...
Sumra Ashraf1, Zain ul Abdin1,*, Saqi Kosar Abbas2,Rao Sohail Ahmad Khan3, Muhammad Tahir1, Sehrish Rasool1, Maryam Anwar1 and Fiaz Hussain1
...om animal secretions or plant exudates which include honeydew, fruit juices and both floral and extra-floral nectar. A direct behavioral assay was conducted to investigate the dietary preference and effects of different diets on the fecundity, sex ratio and longevity of B. hebetor. Three different diets [Honey syrup, sugar syrup, date syrup and a control (water)] were used with different solution percentage (25, 50, 75 and 90%). It was observed that hon...
Sidra Ilyas1, Abdul Rehman1* and Qasim Ilyas2
...Candida sp. PS33, isolated from industrial wastewater showed tolerance to Pb (upto 35 mM), As (upto 29 mM), Cu (upto 23 mM), Cd (upto 11 mM) and Cr (upto 8 mM). Exposure to heavy metals at 0.1 mM for 2 days showed a remarkable increase in glutathione (GSH) level after As and Pb treatment in contrast to Cd, Cr and Cu exposure. GSH: GSSG ratio declined after As, Pb and Cr treatment, whereas non-protein thiol levels were higher after Cd and As treatment follo...
Jehangir Khan1,2*, Inamullah Khan3, Ijaz Ali2, Aqib Iqbal2 and Muhammad Salman4
...ks since 2005, the molecular epidemiology in mosquito (dengue vectors) is limited. Here, we investigated the vertical transmission of dengue virus (DENV) in the Aedes mosquitoes and its (DENV) transmission through other factors mainly tyres trade. DENV was detected in Aedes aegypti (57%) and Aedes albopictus (43%) adults (n=1050) and larvae (n=550). The samples were collected from four (Shuba Bazaar, Tar...
Muhammad Afzal1,Naveeda Akhtar Qureshi1,*, Khalid Zamir Rasib2 and Irfan Hussain1
...e, Heterotermes indicola Wasmann is among the most devastating species causing significant loss annually in South Asia. Feeding deterrence of H. indicola among 10 different woods species were evaluated in choice and no-choice assays conducted under laboratory and field conditions. Visual rating according to (AWPA, 1997) scale, mass loss, wood consumption per termite and morta...
Md. Yeamin Hossain1,*, Md. Alomgir Hossen1, Md. Nasir Uddin Pramanik1, Fairuz Nawer1, Md. Mosaddequr Rahman2, Suraiya Sharmin1, Dalia Khatun1, A. H. Bahkali3, Abdallah M. Elgorban3 and Khairun Yahya4
...untries i.e., Bangladesh, Bhutan, India and Nepal.The present study describes the first complete, inclusive description on life-history traits of B. dario, including ─ sex ratio, length-frequency distributions (LFDs), length-weight relationships (LWRs), length-length relationships (LLRs), condition factors (allometric, KA; Fulton’s, KF
Pinar Oztopcu-Vatan1, Gokhan Kus2, Emine Inan3, Melek Gunindi Korkut3, Selda Kabadere4,* and Ruhi Uyar4
...l treatments, hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common causes of cancer death. We tested whether licofelone, an inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism, changes the survival rate and induces apoptosis in a hepatoma cell line (H4IIE). We determined in vitro survival rate with MTT assay, the morphological changes with an inverted microscope, apoptosis using flow cytometry and statistical signific...
Tanzeela Riaz1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2* and Syed Shahid Ali3
...n phosphine-tolerant populations. The level of total esterases, carboxyl esterases, choline esterases, acetylcholine esterases and aryl esterases were determined in 4th & 6th instar larvae and adult beetles of phosphine-tolerant populations (previously exposed to phosphine for 15 years) of wheat grain pest, Trogoderma granarium collected from various storag...
Mehmet Cilbiz1* and F. Banu Yalim2
... factor, length-weight relationship, K, L∞, to), mortality rate (Z, M, and F), recruitment pattern and yield were investigated for Oncorhynchus mykiss in Karacaören I Dam Lake. Fish were collected on monthly basis between July, 2013 and June, 2014. Growth parameters were analyzed by ELEFAN with monthly length–frequency data. The b values of the length-weight rela...
Yaoguo Li1,2 and Maoxian He1*
... function of genome methylation in invertebrates has only recently been characterized in-depth. In this study, we firstly investigated the associations of genome methylation level and growth traits inpearl oyster, Pinctada fucata (P. fucata). The incidence of type II locus (hemi-methylation locus) was significantly correlated with the shell...
Glomus mosseae (Gerd and Trappe) and Neemex Reduce Invasion and Development of Meloidogyne incognita
Atta ur Rehman Khan1,2*, Nazir Javed2, Shahbaz Talib Sahi2, Tariq Mukhtar1, Sajid Aleem Khan2 and Waqas Ashraf3
...-align: justify;">Among plant parasitic nematodes, root knot nematodes are the major problem for vegetables including eggplant. Chemical control of nematodes is hazardous to health and causes environmental pollution by contaminating underground water. The bio-protectant potential of mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus mosseae) and neemex® (Azadirachtin) against invasion and development of Meloidogyne incognita was t...
Muhammad Luqman Sohail1,*, Muhammad Sarwar Khan1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Muhammad Avais1, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor2, Omer Naseer1 and Muhammad Usman Saleem3
...lobin (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and platelets while total leucocytes count (TLC), neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, red cell distribution width (RDW) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were increased significantly (P < 0.05) which indicated hemolytic anemia. While, serum biochemistry showed significant elevation in a
Abida Butt,* Imtiaz Alam and Rabia Naz
...stify;">In this study, relationship of some web parameters of the spider, Argiope trifasciata, with its body measurements was investigated. Also, role of stablimenta in efficiency of capturing prey was discussed by comparing web parameters and number of intercepted insects in decorated and non-decorated webs. For the study, 236 randomly selected webs of A. trifasciata were observed in the rice fields around the cities of Sheikhupura and Lahore, P...
Amjad Islam Aqib1, Muhammad Ijaz1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Riaz Hussain3, Saba Sana2, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Kashif Hussain1 and Syed Saleem Ahmad1
... (4.76%, 3/63). Coagulase positive Staph. aureus (41 out of 47), and hemolysin producing Staph. aureus (39 out of 47) primed among Staph. aureus isolates indicating very pathogenic nature of infection in the area. Risk factors determinants were found significantly (P<0.05) associated with mastitis occurrence except frequency of milking per day. Antibiogram of Staph. aureus indicated very st...
Abdur Rahim1, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Sara Ferrando2, Lorenzo Gallus2 and Abdul Ghaffar3
...h potential of juvenile black fin sea bream, Acanthopagrus berda was examined in brackish water ponds. Fish were stocked @ 1500 individuals per pond (2 treated and 2 control) of approximate dimensions, 13.72 m × 10.97 m × 1.52 m (229 m3). In treated ponds, fish were fed with artificial diet (protein 42%, lipid 20% and energy 25.2 kJ g-1) for 120 days in three equal meals. On the other hand, control ponds remained withou...
Ali Zurwan1,*, Muhammad Moaeen-ud-Din2, Ghulam Bilal2, Zia-ur-Rehman1,2 and Muhammad Sajjad Khan1
...imate the persistency of lactation in Sahiwal cows using different persistency indices and to estimate heritability of persistency. Data on 808 Sahiwal cows maintained at the Livestock Experiment Station (LES), Jahangirabad, District Khanewal were used for the present study. Persistency of lactation was determined using five indices viz. Wood, Johnson and Hansen, Mahadevan, Ludwick amd Petersen and Gajbhiye and Tripat...
Muhammad Akbar Khan1,*, Sayyed Ghyour Abbas1, Muhammad Adeeb Babar1, Sabah Kiran1, Ayesha Riaz2 and Muhammad Akhtar1
...um minus is relatively rare in Middle Miocene site of Dhok Bun Amir Khatoon, Chakwal district, Punjab province, Pakistan. The referred specimens comprise isolated dental elements and mandible fragments. The presence of tragulids in Dhok Bun Amir Khatoon during Middle Miocene Chinji Formation of Pakistan suggests a humid habitat with abundant cover.
...
Jiancheng Zhai, Li Gao, Yanling Xia and Heping Li*
... of this study was to isolate preliminarily differentially expressed genes in antler mesenchyme of both sexes. The genes were detected with three anchored primers and ten random primers using differential display reverse transcription PCR (DDRT-PCR). Five differentially expressed fragments were obtained through recovery, cloning and sequencing. Three of them (Af1, Ce1, Ci2) presented a higher expression in antler mesenchyme ...
Rashid Mahmood1,*, Waqar Ahmad1, Muhamamd Khalid Rafique1, Ghulam Sarwar1 and Anjum Shahzad2
...Murree for determining relationship of different pollinator groups with crop yield. Apple is dependent on insect pollinators to set fruit. Farmers in Pakistan are generally not aware of pollination needs of apple. Results depicted a high population decline of Syrphids and Non-Apis bees. Syrphids were recorded as 12.65 to 13.85 per 250 flowers in 2013 but decreased in year 2014 by 7.82 to 7.88 per 250 flowers and Non-Apis bee...
Yang Wang1, Zhide Cheng2, Mengjie Tang3, Haixia Zhou1, Xiaolu Yuan4,Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf5, Shuting Mao1 and Jing Wang1,*
...xt-align: justify;">The plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) has a strong adaptability to hypoxic plateau environment. We found that the sperm-specific lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-C4) gene Ldh-c is expressed in plateau pika skeletal muscles. In order to shed light on the effect of LDH-C4 on the anaerobic glycolysis in p
Jun Cui, Xiaoxu Zhou, Zhicheng Wang, Derong Kong, Xuemei Qiu, Hongdi Wang and Xiuli Wang*
...emperature acclimation-related protein, and it plays an important role in adapting temperature shock. But the research about Wap65 in crucian carp is very limited. In this study, the CDS of Wap65 was firstly cloned and characterized from crucian carp (Carassius carassius). This sequence is 1338bp that encodes a polypeptide of 445 amino acids. The calculated molecu
Faiz Muhammad,1, 2,*, Zhang Zhi-Feng,1, Shao Ming-Yu1 and Muhammad Shafi3
... with an estimated molecular mass of 17.6 kDa. The LvCypA has four β- strands. Tissue distribution of the LvCypA after real time analysis revealed that expression is in order of muscle, gill, lymphoid organ and hepatopancrease.
...
Fazal Said1,Mian Inayatullah2 and Hussain Ali3*
... during initial and very last days of flowering due to less number of plants with blooms and less availability of pollens and nectar on flowers. Maximum seed production as well as oil contents was obtained from sunflower plots kept under natural conditions, where bee visitors had access to sunflower blossoms. In contrast, sunflower plots covered with insect-proof bags gave minimum seed pro...
Shazia Ali, Hizb Ullah and Sarwat Jahan*
...align: justify;">Beta thalassemia syndrome are a group of hereditary blood disorders in which or absent beta globin chain synthesis, results in reduced Hemoglobin, decreased RBC production and anemia. Total 300 individuals were divided into 4 groups according to age and gender i.e ≤13 years females, >13 years females, ≤13 years and >13 years males. Height in centimeter, weight in kilogram was measured to calcula
Mürşide Dartay*, Tuncay Atessahin and Erdal Duman
... July and March 2012 in Elazig, Turkey. In this study examined variations in CPUE fishing values of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio) according to different hanging ratios (E=0.5, 0.67), materials (multi-monofilament and multifilament), water temperature, and water depth. CPUE values were found to be higher at 24.5 °C water temperature and 13.7 m water depth with multi-monofi
Sadaf Ijaz Malik1, Kiran Afshan2* and Mazhar Qayyum1
...s to Gigantocotyle explanatum infection. Of the 558 slaughtered buffaloes from central Punjab, Pakistan, 18.99% were infected, and morphometric analyses were made of 115 mature amphistomes and gravid eggs with traditional microscopic methods on the basis of standardized measurements. Amphistomes were flattened and stained in Borax carmine, some were sectioned in the median sagittal ...
Andrea Rezic1, Ivica Boskovic2, Piera Lubinu3, Marina Piria1, Tihomir Florijancic2, Massimo Scandura3 and Nikica Sprem1*
... approach. A total of 21 landmarks described the dorsal side of the skull and lateral side of the mandible. Individual variation in skull and mandible morphology was statistically significant for the shape (p<0.01). Sexual dimorphism as main effect was highly significant for the dorsal skull shape and the mandible shape and size (p<0.01). The comparison of mandible mean shapes using discriminant function analysis and p...
Rashid Ahmed Khan* and Muhammed Naveed
...esent experiment the population of B. zonata was monitored using methyl eugenol traps during the year, 2015. Occurrence and population dynamics of the fruit fly were compared with meteorological factors, such as temperature, relative humidity and sunshine. The highest mean population of fruit fly remained at 499 in the month of August. It started ...
Waqar Islam*1, 2, Madiha Zaynab3, Muhammad Qasim2 and Zujian Wu1,2
...Crops are threatened by plant viruses worldwide as they hack the host machinery for their reproduction. Plants have undergone continuous evolution and have equipped themselves with counter defense and tolerant strategies against viral infections. In the 21st century, considerable progress has been made in understanding the available natural resistance in p<...
Mingqin Shao1*, Bin Chen1, Peng Cui2, Binbin Zeng1 and Jianhong Jiang1
...rch. No significant correlation was observed between daily travel distance and home range (R = 0.256, n = 12, P > 0.05). The significant correlation between daily home range and daily minimum temperature may be related to energy requirements or prey activities. The average group size of the scaly-sided merganser was 3.91 ± 2.94 individuals, and extremely significant differ...
K.N. ArulJothi1, M. Abinaya1, B. Suruthi Abirami1, Melvin George2, S. Elangovan3 and A. Devi1*
...fy;">Scavenger receptor class B type I protein (SCARB1) plays an essential role in cholesterol homeostasis. The effect of the polymorphisms in the gene have varying influences on lipid levels and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in different populations. In this study, we investigated the association of rs5888 polymorphism with serum li...
Zafar Iqbal1* and Muhammad Khurshid2
...pedite the detection of plant viruses from plant species containing various forms of PCR amplification inhibitors. In current study, IC-PCR was used for the detection of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) from plant extracts of Nicotiana benthamiana plants inoculated with ToLCNDV. To immunocapture...
Hui Zhang2, Yajing Wang2, Kun Li2, Mujeeb Ur Rehman2, Fazul Nabi2, Rui Gui2, Yanfang Lan2 and Houqiang Luo1,2*
...benign and malignant neoplasm in domestic chickens with subsequent economic losses to poultry industry. Effected birds show lymphocyte tumor, abnormal proliferation and series of tumors in connective tissues and other visceral organs. To evaluate the status of lymphoid leukosis virussubgroup A (ALV-A) infection in free-range chickens in five different cities of Anhui province, a total of 732 serum samples were analyzed through enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assa...
Akbar Ali1,*, Khalil Mohamed2 and Fawzia Toulah3
...xt-align: justify;">Toxoplasmosis, a disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii parasite, is one of the most worldwide parasitic infections of warm-blooded animals including man. In most adults it does not cause serious illness, but it can cause serious health problems in infants, pregnant women and immune compromised patients. Abortion is one of the most serious outcomes in pregnant women. In this cross-sectional study, a t...
Tuli Dey, Sonnet Poddar and Mukti Barua
...gn: justify;">Uterine prolapse is most common and important reproductive disease of dairy cattle. A crossbreed cow of 3rd lactation came to Madras veterinary college with the clinical sign of complete uterine prolapse which calved one day before. The cow was handled and the prolapsed mass was corrected so carefully that there could be saved the life with...
Eman M. Farghaly1, Ahmed Samy1,2*, Heba Roshdy
...ylococcus aureus Salmonella and Pasteurella spp. in Egyptian quail farms. Such information is important for drug choice and success of treatment as well as spotting the light on emerging antimicrobial resistance that represent major concern for public health. A total one hundred swabs and 500 organ samples were collected from apparently healthy and freshly dead quails respectively. Bacterial isola
Zahir Shah, Ahmed Nawaz Tunio, Shakoor Ahmad, Ijaz Ahmad, Javid Ali, Sher Bhader Khan
...ute abdominal pain since last 12 hours was subjected for caesarean section at Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistan. The surgery was performed under paravertebral anesthesia at T13, L1-3 using xylocaine 2% in standing position after proper sedation. The operated site was prepared for aseptic surgical procedure. A vertical incision was given in ...
Iftikhar Ahmad, Abdul M. Saleem, Ghulam Mustafa, Khurram Ziaf, Irfan Afzal and Muhammad Qasim
...ng seed treatment particularly halopriming with CaCl2 was the most effective for invigoration of gerbera and zinnia seeds. For Gerbera jamesonii, 25 mM CaCl2 and for Zinnia elegans, 50 mM CaCl2 proved best priming treatments followed by 100 mM KCl and 50 to 100 mM KNO3 for both tested species. This was interpreted by reduced time to 50% germination (1.2 d for gerbera and 2.4 d for zinnia), higher final germination %age (11% for gerbera and 7% for zinnia), seed...
Abdul Wajid Khalil and Zafar Iqbal
...27±0.06 g/100g), Alanine (12.74±0.12g/100g) was found in higher concentration in aerial parts than roots while some essential amino acid, Tryptophan (6.23±0.06g/100g), Arginine (3.49±0.08 g/100g), Phenylalanine (1.77±0.08 g/100g) were recorded higher in roots as compared to the aerial parts of B. procumbens. It is concluded that aerial parts may serve as ...
Sheraz Ahmed and Fida Mohammad
...derived from four F4 populations of Flue Cured Virginia (FCV) tobacco were tested to identify effective selection indices. Experimental material was planted at two locations i.e. Mardan (E-1, E-3 and E-5) and Mansehra (E-2, E-4 and E-6) using alpha lattice design with three replicates during 2012/13, 2013/14 and 2014/15. Heritability in broad sense was generally low for all traits except n...
Idowu Fagbamila1*, Adaobi Okeke2, Micheal Dashen2, Patricia Lar2, Sati Ngulukun1, Benshak Audu1, David Ehizibolo1, Paul Ankeli1, Pam Luka1, Maryam Muhammad1
...ssing activities require large amount of high quality water for processing, cleaning and cooling. Contamination of water at any point in the processing stage is likely to affect meat hygiene. Waste water generated during these activities typically has high presence of organic material such as blood, fat, flesh and excreta. In developing countries like Nigeria where access to portable water is lacking, it is not uncommon to &...
Abdul Malik1,4, Ghulam Abbas1*, Hameeda Kalhoro2, Illahi Bux Kalhoro3, Syed Sajjad A. Shah4 and Halima Kalhoro3
...nt) on breeding of red tilapia. Brood fish were stocked in hapa nets suspended in cemented rectangular tanks (11×7×4 feet) . Three females (mean weight 145 g) and one male (140 g) were kept per tank with 2 replications. They were fed with commercial floating pellets having 35% crude protein at 2% body weight twice a day for 60 days and eggs were collected weekly. Results showed that fertilized eggs were found to ...
Mirza Imran Shahzad1,*, Anna Iqbal2, Farrah Ali1, Nuzhat Sial3, Muhammad Ashfaq4, Abul Hasanat5 and Azra Khanum6
...s in various forms since last 2000 years. The present study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of different culture microbes against each other. A total six bacteria including Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Pasteuralla multocida, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureius were used against each other to evaluate their antim...
Majed Rafeeq1,*, Nadeem Rashid1, Muhammad Masood Tariq1, Rassol Bakhsh Tareen2, AsadUllah1 and Zahid Mustafa1
...nd control(P<0.05). Relative organ weights and relative carcass yield of treatment groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). The Relative length of the intestine of the treatment groups showed significant difference (P<0.05). Supplementation of herbal additives and antibiotic had a positive effect on bacterial enumeration of Ileum (P<0.05). The use of antibiotic caused ...
Nadeem Rashid1,*, Masroor Ahmad Bajwa1, Mohammad Masood Tariq1, Tanvir Ahmad2, Majed Rafeeq1, Zafar Ahmad1, Mohammad Arif Awan1, Mohammad Ali1, Muhammad Zahid Mustafa1, Muhammad Shafee1, Asad Ulah1 and Amanullah Khan3
...rence of Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) in finished commercial broiler feed and among the isolated strains of A. flavus having capacity to produce aflatoxin was investigated in this study. Finished commercial broiler feed samples (n=96) were collected from broiler chicken farms in and around Quetta...
Mohammad Raoofi and Mohammad Taghi Alebrahim
...d non-hand weeding) and plant density in four levels (20, 40, 60 and 80 stems per square meter). The results obtained in two cuttings in the third year of established alfalfa showed that the weeds caused quantitative and qualitative reduction in alfalfa. Alfalfa in the second cutting had better growth compared to the first cutting, so that the plant produced the highest fresh and dry yield in the second cutting. However, wee...
Cansu Akbulut1,*, Tuğba Kotil2, Burcu Öztürk1 and Nazan Deniz Yön1
...ated follicles with cytoplasmic vacuolization, mitotic catastrophe in mitochondria , chromatin condensation, mitochondrial vesiculation and dispersion at ooplasm were observed. In mitochondria, mitotic catastrophe , vesiculation, swelling and loss of organization of cristae were detected.Here we showed that TiO2 exposure trigger paraptotic typ...
Sehrish Rasool1, Zain ul Abdin1,*, Saqi Kosar Abbas2, Sumra Ashraf1, Maryam Anwer1, Atif Manzoor1, Muhammad Tahir1 and Hoor Shaina1
...>Galleria mellonella (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera) and Spodotera litura (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) was studied on larval competition, survival and development of a gregarious ectoparasitoid Bracon hebetor (Say.) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). The number of adults, sex ratio and size of emerging adults were recorded. Smaller and larger host species were used to determine the s...
Saqib Ali1, Suliman Ali1, Lina1, Wen Zhou1, Muhammad Irfan Waris1, Ashfaq Ali2 and Man Qun Wang1,*
...e (ALB), Anoplophora glabripennis. It further provides a brief impression of ALB’s biological characteristics, ecology, chemical ecosystem, economic significance, and management. Beetles in the Cerambycidae family have implicit increasing importance as pests of green forest in addition to shade trees, shrubs, and pink wood products as well as vectors of tree ailments. The alien species related to hardwood packin...
Sung Kwon Park1a, Jin Young Jeong2a, Eun Seok Cho3, Yong Dae Jeong3 and Chang Seok Park4*
...rus-infected pigs is available. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify transcriptomes with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in peripheral blood mononucleated cell (PBMC) of piglets, Large White x Landrace crossbreds, infected with live strain PED virus (PEDV). Several gene ontology (GO) and differentially expressed gene (DEG) are also identified by RNA-seq. The analyzed transcriptome provides the 1805 DEGs and gene networks involving cellu
Shahzad Ali1,*, Heinrich Neubauer2, Falk Melzer2, Iahtasham Khan1, Shamim Akhter3,Tariq Jamil2 and Sajid Umar3
...arms located at Potohar Plateau in Punjab, Pakistan. A total of399 serum samples from indeginous and exotic cattle were tested for brucellosis by RBPT, SAT and multiplex real-time PCR for Brucella sp., Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis. A total of 20 (5.01%) samples were found seropositive by RBPT and 19 (4.76%) by SAT, howeve...
Muhammad Shahid1, Iram Amin1,*, Samia Afzal1, Zareen Fatima1, Sadia Zahid1, Usman Ashraf1 and Muhammad Idrees2
...rehensive study at molecular level to determine the main causative serotype of 2013 DENV outbreak in Pakistan. Overall 703 serologically positive suspected patients from different major health centers of Pakistan were registered in present study of which 214 were females and 489 were male. Overall weighted prevalence of PCR positivity was 38% (268). Of the total 268 PCR positive subjects, 0.74%, 56.71%, 15.67% were positive for serotype 1, 2 and 3 respectively...
Tausif Ahmad1, Iahtasham Khan2, Saddaf Razzaq1, Saeed-ul-Hassan Khan1,* and Raheela Akhtar3
...e prevalence of Brucella abortus in cattle and buffaloes in the districts of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan. A total of 120 serum samples were randomly collected from buffaloes and cattle (60 per species) at Civil Veterinary Hospitals, animal markets and peri-urban livestock holdings in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Serum samples were initially screened by the Rose Bengal P
Memoona Akber1, Muhammad Mushtaq1,*, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1, Amjad Rashid Kayani1 and Noor-un-Nisa2
... was recorded. Adult population of the Norway rat dominated the juvenile during all the seasons of the year. Data on the body weight reflected that the males were heavier than the females in all the four seasons of the year; the heaviest males were observed during the winter season. Reproductive activity revealed that the males were recorded reproductively active throughout the year while more than 50% specimens of females were recorded inactive throughout the...
Erum Bughio1, Ahmed Sultan Jatoi*1, Muzamil Memon2, Reema Bughio3, Pervez Ahmed Khoso4, Zafar Ali Khoso1 and Ali Asghar Baloch5
...1, 9 or 12 exhibited similar pattern antibody profiles, however, an increase in the mean titer of antibodies was recorded from 17 and onwards. Furthermore, on day 39 of age, the birds of all groups including control were challenged with field strain of IBD virus collected from bursa of clinically infected chicks, No morbidity and mortality were observed. During present study, some milder infection with field strain of IBDV almost a week ago recorded were also ...
Irum, Akram Shah*, Sobia Wahid, Nazma Habib Khan and Qaisar Jamal
...ility among effected populations. Pakistan was declared dracunculaisis-free in 1996. The present study is a follow-on to the declared eradication of dracunculiasis in Dera Ismail Khan district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Province, Pakistan through investigating disease recurrences and Cyclops species in drinking water sources. A cross-sectional hou...
Salman Khalid1,*, Abdul Rehman2, Mohammad Yasin Amir1, Abdul Rehman1, Imran Sarfaraz1 and Muhammad Asif1
...nfestation in commercial layer, a double blind randomized controlled trial was conducted. For therapeutic trials, the 80 birds (n= 60 infested with ticks, n= 20 healthy birds) were selected and divided into four groups (A, B, C and D), each comprising of 20 birds. Group A and B were treated with Ivermectin @ 0.2mg/Kg orally for two days and Fipronil (Spray at once), respectively. Group C was kept as positive control whereas the ticks free birds were kept in gr...
Abdul Aziz Khan1,*, Shahid Munir2 and Irfan Ahmed2
...%) against wild boar population in Fatima Jinnah Park, Islamabad. A total of 1838 kg bait was applied at 32 bait points, out of which 1627 kg was consumed by wild boars during 17 nights. The consumption of bait increased asymptotically and attained peak on the 7th night. The bait in-take, external and internal pathological symptoms were similar as has been described for warfarin...
Uzma Farid Durrani1,*,Sagar Mal Goyal2, Asim Khalid Mahmood1,Cathleen Hanlon3, Susan Moore3, Muhammad Waqas1 and Raheela Akhtar4
...were whelped by dams regularly vaccinated with high quality inactivated rabies vaccines. Rapid Fluorescence Focus Inhibition Technique (RFFIT) revealed mRVNA titer (>0.5 IU/mL) in 29 puppies while 48 puppies showed mRVNA titer less than minimum protective level (0.2-0.4 IU/mL). RFFIT did not reveal mRVNA in 23 puppies that were declared lacking maternal rabies immunity. One basis of fin...
Habib Ullah Khan1*, Saleem Ullah1, Hamid Ullah Shah1, Muhammad Arif2
...e good or bad effect on plants grown in those soils....
Muhammad Waqas1*, Anwar Ali Shad1, Omaira Bashir2 and Mohsin Iqbal3
...parison to 200 mg/kg Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Optimum cooking time, its weight and swelling index were remained same at different level of oil carotenoids tomato peel powder when compared with control. On the other hand spaghetti cooking becomes decrease by increase of carotenoids level in spaghetti when compared with control. Organoleptic evaluation of spaghetti prepared from lycopene revealed maximum score of smell, taste, odors, color texture and ove...
M. Abdus Salam1, M. Moynul Haque2, Md. Obaidul Islam3, M. Nasir Uddin4 and Md. Nazmul Haque3*
...m, Sreepur, Gazipur, Bangladesh. Significant variations related to genotypes and seed sources were observed for stand establishment, branch development, phenology, yield components, yield and fiber quality attributes of cotton. Yield and quality of cotton were significantly higher when crop was grown from seeds stored in polythene bag as compared to cloth bag. Interaction of genotypes and seed sources indicated that highest ...
John G. Bruno
...amers were capable of emulating rickettsial antigens to enable sensitive detection of rickettsia exposure in humans who have seroconverted. Such anti-idiotypic aptamer antigens might also serve as rickettsial vaccines, if fully developed. The top five highest affinity R. rickettsii and top five R. typhi anti-Fab aptamers as assessed by enzyme-linked aptamer sorbent assay (ELASA) screening ...
Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
...Extension Officer (AEO) plays the role of a hub in agricultural development and covers all the areas of Agriculture. The present study was carried out in all the 24 districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to investigate the agricultural mechanization competencies of AEOs. Sum total of 111 AEOs were contacted for data collection. Primary data were collected from the selected sample of AEOs by mailing the questionnaires. The results showed that overwhelming majority of ...
Wesam Hasan Mohamed Mady 1*, Bing Liu2, Dong Huang2, A. Arafa1, M.K. Hassan1, M.M. Aly1, Pucheng Chen2, Yongping Jiang2* and Hualan Chen2
...study was to develop H9 plasmid-based DNA vaccine against the currently circulating AIV subtype H9N2 targeting HA gene of the virus A/Turkey/Egypt/1341V/2013(H9N2). The full length sequence of HA gene was codon optimized to the chicken biased codons and subcloned into the pCAGGS plasmid vector under the control of the chicken β-actin promoter. The in vitro expression of recombinant p<...
Waqar Islam
...reasing every day particularly in the countries embedding tropical and subtropical conditions. Integrated management approaches involving utilization of virus resistant crops and efficient management of insect vectors can reduce this disastrous problem. However, in developing countries such strategies are rarely applied due to lack of farmer’s knowledge about plant virus diseases. Th...
Mohammad Salim1, Arshad Javid2,*, Faiz-ur-Rahman3, Khalid Javed Iqbal4 and FarmanUllah5
...=3) were captured from Malakand district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during a three years survey extending from June 2010 through May 2013. Mean body mass of the captured R. ferrumequinum specimens was 18.45 ± 0.35 g, head and body length was 60.11 ± 1.42 mm and forearm length was 60.01 ± 1.41 mm. Similarly, average greatest length of skull was 23.35 ± 0.20 mm while the total length of baculum of a...
Muhammad Asif Zahoor1, Zeeshan Nawaz1, Abu Baker Siddique1, Sajjad ur Rahman2 and Shahid Ali1*
...xt-align: justify;">Mycoplasma infections in gallinaceous birds are reported throughout the world and are caused by either Mycoplasma gallisepticum or Mycoplasma synoviae. Hence, in the present study we have detected Mycoplasma spp. from tissue samples collected from clinically sick (60 samples) and apparently healthy broiler birds (30 samples) in a comm...
Sadiq Ali* and Ijaz Ahmad Khan
...ces like roadsides, wasteland and water ways resulting in loss of local biodiversity. Field survey of district Swabi (Peshawar Valley) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, was carried out during May-June, 2013-14 to study the distribution of Parthenium weed. Five villages were selected and thirty locations were randomly selected from each village. The data revealed that the flora is predominated by part...
Syed Ishfaq Ali Shah1,*, Tassawar Hussain Malik2, Imran Rafi Khan1 and Zahid Hussain3
...ted to evaluate the germplasms imported from United State Department of Agriculture (USDA), United State of America (USA) primarily for Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) disease with promising local varieties tolerant to the disease. After screening, the most resistant accessions of USDA were USG-14-2464 and USG-14-2478. However, USG-14-2481 and USG-14-2484 were recorded as partially resistant to CLCuV disease. Among the local germp
Tianzhu Chao, Huiqiang Cai, Yuxun Zhou, Kai Li* and Junhua Xiao
...al events in natural populations of this species. We investigated the molecular phylogenetics of Chinese house mice based on 466 DNA sequences from mitochondrial D-loop fragments. Our analyses revealed that Mus musculus musculus and M. m. castaneus are older colonized subspecies with broad distributions in East China, while M. m. domestics is a newly arrived subspecies currently restricted to Shanghai, i...
Jun Gao1,2, Liang-Liang Yue3, Xianhuan Jiang1, Liju Ni4, Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf5, Yuxun Zhou,1 Kai Li1,* and Junhua Xiao1,*
...ne the phylogeographic relationships of Microtus fortis in China, we investigated 84 individuals collected from five populations. The mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cyt b) and control region (CR) were sequenced and 49 haplotypes were observed. No shared haplotype was found among different geographic populations. High Fst values among the popu
Xiang Nong1,2,3,*, Yao-jun Yang1,2, Guang-you Yang3, Feng-zheng Chen2, Mei Tang1,2 and Gang Wang2
... insecticide, this study lays foundation for the development of stigmasterol from the Eupatorium adenophorum Sprengas nontoxic and pollution-free pesticides that can be released to the environment. The toxicity test of stigmasterol against Psoroptes cuniculi in vitro showed that stigmasterol was toxic under 0.5% concentration. Treatment under this condition also showed mite mortality of 16.67% within 12 h and 23.33% within 24 h. ...
Matiyar Rahaman Khan1,*, Sabyasachi Pal2, Ghule Tushar Manohar2, Somnath Bhattacharyya3, Amit Singh4, Prahlad Sarkar5 and Samuel Lalliansanga6
...ram, India and infected plants showed declined symptoms and poor fruit yield. Infested plants displayed stunting and yellowing and thick-root symptoms. The association of the root knot nematode species was identified based on observations on morphology of different life stages, beta-esterase phenotype and amplification of rDNA and partial sequence homology of ITS-1and ITS-2. Host different...
Adel Eid Mohamed Mahmoud*
... and 60% DM basis) to replace yellow corn and wheat bran in the concentrate feed mixtures on digestibility, blood and ruminal parameters, growth performance, meat analysis and feed intake of growing lambs. Fifty one Barki lambs with body weight of 30±0.57 kg; in three groups (17 animals, each). Experimental rations were composed of concentrate and clover hay in a 60:40 concentrate: ...
YaQiu Liu and ZhiJian Wang*
...anterior intestine. Cytoplasm contained abundant mitochondria and pinocytotic vesicles. Epithelium of posterior intestine was thin, translucent and squamous with dense blood capillary network underground, while there were no folds on mucous membrane surface. Distance between blood capillary network and intestinal cavity was 1.95±0.34 μm. Respiration epithelial cells of pos...
Yi-qiang Ouyang1, Zhen-xin Liang1, Shi-wen Huang2, Ying Zhang3, Shao-shi Luo1, Jin-ning Liang1, Jia-fu Li1, Yu He4 and Song-chao Guo1,*
... tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) is in many respects more similar to primates than rodents are. To demonstrate the feasibility and usefulness of using the tree shrew as an AD model, we examined how well the model recapitulates features of the disease. Injecting animals intraperitoneally with d-galactose to induce acute senility, and then injecting t...
Hamayun Khan1,*, Momen Khan2, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi3, Shakoor Ahmad1, Ali Gohar4, Hameed Ullah5, FarmanUllah6, Arab Hussain7, Pershotam Khatri8, Said Sajjad Ali Shah1, Hamid Rehman1 and Azmatullah Khan1
...;">Green tea extract is plant–dervied natural antioxidant. The objective of this study was to explore the antioxidative effect of green tea extract on the cryopreserved bull semen. Experiments were carried out on Achai breeding bulls of similar age at the Semen Production Unit, Harichand, District Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Collection of semen was done using artificial vagina (42°C) for three weeks. Semen was e...
Muhammad Noor, Hidayat ur Rahman and Muhammad Iqbal
...enetic parameters particularly heritability estimates for a trait of interest help plant breeders to plan their long term breeding programs more accurately. This study was conducted to estimate the magnitude of heritability for flowering and maturity attributes along with plant and ear height parameters in four popcorn popula
Urooj Fatima1, Arslan Mehboob2, Muhammad Abid3, Muti-ur-rehman Khan4 and Tahir Yaqub4*
...t threats to the dog population, around the globe. To ascertain the current situation and genetics of CPVs in Pakistan, a total of fifty samples from sick dogs suspected for parvovirus infection were collected from different geographic areas of the country. Samples were screened for positivity and verified for CPV using PCR. From a 30% positive samples for hemagglutination, nineteen (38.4%) samples were positive in PCR. Sequence analysis of the selected positi...
Sanaullah Jalil*, Asim Hayat, Abid Majeed, Syed Haider Abbas, Muhammad Noman, Muhammad Imran Kasana and Muhammad Mazhar Hussain
...the utilization of P by plants. This research was conducted during wheat cropping season of year 2010 and 2011 and it consisted of determination of the residual effect of six treatments (T0 = control without rock phosphate & farmyard manure, T1= rock phosphate @150 kg P2O5 per hectare, T2 = FYM @5 tons per hectare, T3 = RP @100 kg P2O5 per hectare+ FYM @5 tons per hectare, E0 = without effective microbes and E1= EM-Biozote @ 50 l ha-1) on yield parametrs o...
Neelum Andaleeb, Munir Khan and Syed Attaullah Shah
...-align: justify;">Women play important role in livestock farming in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A survey was conducted in district Mardan to determine women’s participation in livestock farming and to investigate factors affecting their participation. A multistage sampling method was used to select a sample of 274 livestock farm households from 6 rural Union Councils, and a well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from female respondents through fa...
Response of Spring and Autumn Sunflower to Chemical and Bio-Fertilizers for Yield and Quality Traits
Muhammad Tahirand Memoona Shehzadi*
...ity of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. The treatments comprised on the combination of chemical fertilizers (No chemical fertilizer, half recommended dose of fertilizer and full recommended dose of chemical fertilizer) and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) (No PGPR, PGPR-1, PGPR-2 and PGPR-1 + PGPR-2). The PGPR used in this study were pre-isolated and characterized, taken from ...
Zia Ur Rahman1*, Syed Mehar Ali Shah1, Hidayat Ur Rahman1, Fida Mohammad1, Mian Ahmad Raza1 and Ijaz Ahmad Khan2
...ason. On artificial inoculation with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae, the fundamental agent of bacterial leaf blight, most of the studied rice accessions and the two commercial rice cultivars displayed susceptible reactions. Seven rice accessions viz. UoA-2, UoA-5, UoA-11, UoA-48, UoA-53, UoA-102, and UoA-123 showed moderate levels of resistance while eleven rice accessions viz. UoA-4, UoA-6, UoA-22, UoA-41, UoA-60, UoA-67, Uo...
Muhammad Qadir Ahmad¹*, Farheen Ashraf Raza¹, Abdul Qayyum¹, Waqas Malik¹, Rao Wali Muhammad2, Muhammad Asif Saleem1, Amir Hamza2, Ahmad Baksh Mahar3
... physiology provides a balance between leaf temperature, leaf energy exchange and photosynthesis. The experiment was undertaken to study the association of leaf related traits i.e. leaf area (LA), leaf angle position (LP), number of lobes per leaf (NL), leaf chlorophyll contents (SV), relative water content (RWC), leaf...
Abdus-Subhan1, Qudratullah Khan1, Muhammad Mansoor2, Muhammad Jamil Khan1, Ammanullah2, Matiullah Khan3
...5-16. The experiment was laid in randomized complete block (RCB) design with split plot arrangement keeping pulverization viz. single tiller P1, double tiller P2, triple tiller P3 and mould board plow P4 followed by single rotavator in main plots while sowing methods i.e. Raised Bed Sowing S1and Flat Bed Sowing S2 in the subplots. The results showed higher WUE...
Muhammad Khurshid1,2*, Muhammad Nafees1, Mehmet Somuncu2
...y in the Hindu Kush- Himalayan (HKH) region of Northern Pakistan. However, the growing trends of crops cultivation in the high mountains of HKH region have largely transformed this subsistence livestock production in to commercial agricultural system and shaped an uncertain environment that is not suitable for both landless nomadic pastoralism and ecological sustainability. This study refl...
Wazha Mugabe1,2, Lawrence Akanyang1, Mackenzie Nsinamwa1, Batanani Moatswi1, Naledi Matthews1, Kealeboga Dipheko1, Imtiaz Ahmed Ujjan3 and Assar Ali Shah2*
...ing the dynamics on rangeland response to grazing could prove worthy in finding an equilibrium point for optimizing animal productivity, with limited range degradation. Therefore, the current study was aimed at determining and comparing fodder tree species composition along grazing gradient in fenced and unfenced grazing area in the Gaborone North Region. For each study area, two parallel transects measuring 1000 m radiating from the water points (borehole) we...
Waqas Ahmed Dogar2, Arshad Ali Khan3*, Saeed Ahmed2, Sudheer Tariq2, Mukhtar Ahmad2, Muhammad Imran2, Muhammad Noman2 and Nadeem Khan1
...effects of high density plantation on growth and yield of citrus (Kinnow and Musambi) grown under drip irrigation at Postgraduate Agriculture Research Station (PARS) Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. Plants were grown at three planting distances as T1 (11 x 22ft), T2 (11 x 11ft) and T3 (22 x 22ft). T1 (11x22ft) wa...
Antibacterial Activity by Chlorogenic Acid Isolated through Resin from Apricot (Prunus Armeniaca L.)
Ahmed Mujtaba1, Tariq Masud1, Asif Ahmad1, Waqar Ahmed3, Saqib Jabbar3* and Robert E. Levin2
...y of chlorogenic acid isolated from apricot cv. Habi, against different food borne pathogens and quantification of the chlorogenic acid (CA) using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The chlorogenic acid was isolated using resin. The recovered amount of compound was calculated. Aliquots of the extracts at known concentration of chlorogenic acid were then applied against differen...
Ahmad Khan1, Raza Ullah Khan1*, Muhammad Zameer Khan1, Fayyaz Hussain1,Muhammad Ehsan Akhtar2, Jalal-Ud-Din3
...was conducted at NARC, Islamabad to evaluate the effect of humic substances (HSs) derived from coal, sunflower, and maize waste materials on onion yield. Four HSs rates; 0, 20, 30 and 40 kg/ha were applied to onion (variety Red Swat) transplanted earlier to field (plot size=1.2×0.8 m2). Results showed that maximum bulb yield of 25.1 and 24.5 t/ha were obtained with application of p
Said Rawan1, Farzana bibi1, Nadeem Khan1*, Abdul Mateen Khattak1, Zahir shah3, Asif Iqbal2, Madeeha Alamzeb2, Saeed Ul Haq1, Abid Kamal3, Fawad Ali Shah2, Ahmad Naeem1 and Wajid Ali3
...onducted at post harvest laboratory, Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, during the year 2015. The research work was conducted in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications and two factors i.e. guava varieties (Safeda and Karela) and storage intervals (0, 3, 6, and 9 days). The data was recorded onfirmness (kg/cm2), weight loss (%), moisture contents (%), taste, decay ...
Usman Shakoor1*, Mudassar Rashid1, Abdul Saboor2, Nabila Khurshid1, Zuhair Husnain2 and Abdul Rehman2
...ear i.e. 1980. Water availability in the crop growth periods and fertilizer application (today or in the future) will certainly increase production. This scenario demands devising adaptation strategies for farmers to be made available, this should be the key policy intervention of the government to cater with the climate change on agriculture and particularly on maize. Fertilizer managemen...
Zain-ul-Aabdin Abro1*, Naheed Baloch1, Niaz Hussain Khuhro2, Waseem Akbar Qazi2, Noor Abid Saeed3
...: justify;">Study on population magnitude of the Melon Fruit Fly Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coq.) was undertaken during 2015 on cucurbit crops in district Hyderabad. The studies were carried out at two discrete localities, Jeay Shah and Dehli Farm, in three different crops i.e., bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) and ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) using cue-lure baited traps. The male lure bai...
Mustafa Cengiz1*, Jama Hussein Ali2, H. Mehtap Kutlu2, Djanan Vejselova2 and Adnan Ayhanci3
... protective effects of ellagic acid (EA) on the toxicity of the liver induced by D-Galactosamine (D-GaIN) in rats. With this in mind, the rats were categorized into five groups. The study groups were given saline, 0.2 % dimethyl sulfoxide, D-GaIN, EA plus D-GaIN and D-GaIN plus EA, respectively. In the group given D-GaIN, the following transmission electron microscopic and light microscopic results were found: degenerative c...
Neenish Rana, Nosheen Ehsan, Awais Ihsan and Farrukh Jamil*
...iously regarded as molecular fossils, non-functional by-products of genome evolution. However, it has been indicated by several lines of evidences that some pseudogenes are active. Using current data of NCBI we have retrieved 65 pseudogenes from the genome sequence of human pathogenic bacteria Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) strain 26695. Computational analysis of the genome showed 6 transcriptionally active pseudogenes that can produce stable mR...
Nirbhay Kushwaha, Achuit K Singh, Brotati Chattopadhyay and Supriya Chakraborty
Recent advances in geminivirus detection and future perspectives
...nt of the discipline of plant virology over a century ago.Agreat variety of methods have been developed that permit differentiation of viral pathogens.These methods, initially based solely on identifying the distinct biological characteristics of different viruses, were soon supplemented with methods based on light or electron microscopy and serology and subsequently by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) and finally the use of molecu
M. B. Meah
Biopesticides for crop growth and crop protection
...de of garlic bulbs and allamanda leaves tremendously increased germination and reduced damping-off, seed rot, seedling blight and tip over of vegetables (egg-plant, tomato, chilli) in the nursery and leaf blight, anthracnose, fruit rot, root knot and leaf curl/mosaic of tomato and carrot in the field. Aqueous solution of garlic and allamanda tablet sprayed at 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5 c...
Sitansu Pan and Amrita Das
Evaluation of shelf life of some value added organic formulations of Trichoderma harzianum
...-08 in some organic formulations like vermicompost, leaf manure, rice bran and FYMand also their combinations with two oil cakes, neem and mustard cake. The growth was estimated in terms of colony forming unit (c.f.u.)/g of substrate up to 120 days at 30 days interval. In all organic products or their amendment with oil cakes c.f.u. increased up to 60 days and then gradually declined. Among the four organic media, vermicompost retained 21.3 x 10 c.f.u./g at 12...
Honnur Basha, Vinaya Hemannavar, B.Ramanujam, R. Rangeshwaran and S.Sriram
Screening of chilli microflora and other biocontrol agents for their antagonistic effects on Colletotrichum spp. infecting chillies
...ions of Karnataka for isolation of chilli microflora. From these samples, 94 fungal and 89 bacterial isolates were derived, which included 50 isolates of fungi and 44 isolates of bacteria from phylloplane and pomoplane, 44 isolates of endophytic fu...
Neerja Agrawal, Mukesh Srivastava, Akhilesh Tripathi and Amrendra Singh
Survey and monitoring of pests, parasites and predators of pulse crops in central and eastern Uttar Pradesh
...era, Bihar hairy caterpillar, Spilarctia obliqua, plant hopper of Pentatomorpha group, termite Odontotermes spp, and cut worm Agrotis ipsilon in chickpea whereas Campoletis chlorlidae was recorded as natural enemy feeding on H. armigera larvae. In pigeonpea crop, mainly H. armigera, leaf webber Grapholita (Cydia) critica, Myllocerus spp, spotted pod bore...
K.N. Ahmed, S.H.A. Pramanik, M. Khatun A. Nargis M. R. Hasan
Efficacy of plant extracts in the suppression of insect pests and their effect on the yield of sunflower crop under different climatic conditions
...arcely cultivated in Bangladesh. During cultivation, the coccinellid beetle,Epilachna varivestis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) severely attacked the foliages and florets in the capitulum (inflorescence). Other pests encountered were Spilosoma obliqua (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae),Homoeosoma sp. (Lepidoptera: Phyticidae),Heliothis armigera (Hb.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Monolepta signata(Oliv.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) ...
Sitansu Pan, Surojit Khalko and Amrita Das
Effect of some fungicides on seed mycoflora, germination, viability and their persistence in treated seeds
...of A. alternata and flusilazole 40EC reduced Fusarium sp.in mungbean seed than untreated control.Amarked reduction in population of A. brassicae by difenoconazole 25EC and flusilazole 40EC was observed in mustard seeds. Inhibitory effect of fungicides on seed germination of all tested seeds was observed with prochloraz 45EC and flusilazole 40EC. There wa...
A. K.Bhattacherjee and B. K. Pandey
Dissipation of carbendazim in mango after pre- and post-harvest treatments
...erval in such a way that last spray fell 12 days prior to harvest to control post harvest diseases viz., anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) and stem end rot (Lasiodiplodia theobromae). Carbendazim dissipated to 1.01 and 2.14 mg kg in mature whole fruit after harvest (12 days after second spray) at 0.05 and 0.1 per cent concentrations, respectively, following first order rate kinetics. The corresponding values in fruit pulp after 12 days were 0.57 and...
Wajid Hasan1 and C. P. Singh2
Relationship between the population of mustard aphid,Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) and weather parameters on different cultivars of Indian mustard ( Brassica juncea L.)
...d to investigate the population dynamics of the mustard aphid,Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. on different 42 cultivars of Indian mustard (B. juncea). The results revealed that the population of L. erysimi exhibited negative correlation with maximum and minimum temperature,rainfall, wind velocity, evaporation and positive with afternoon and morning relative humid...
Palash Mondal1 , Amitava Konar2 and N. Johnson Singh3
Evaluation of insecticidal schedules for the management of insect pests of potato
... potato. The minimum population of aphids, whitefly and epilachna beetle was observed in the treatment T which received soil application of phorate followed by spraying of chlorpyriphos,imadicloprid and cartap hydrochloride, respectively at 40, 55 and 70 DAP than other treatments. Maximum yield of healty potato tuber was recorded in the plot treated with chlorpyriphos before planting and f...
M.K. Pandit,P. K. Pal and B. K. Das
Effect of date of sowing on flowering and incidence and damage of melon fruit fly in snap melon Cucumis melo var.momordica genotypes
...al number of fruits per plant and moderately lower fruit fly incidence,BCSM-4 andBCSM- 8 may possibly perform better than the other genotypes in the lower Gangetic plain if sown during end of January.
...
M. D. Maji, N.K.Das, S. Chatterjee, A. Ghosh and A.K. Bajpai
Forecasting models of bacterial leaf spot disease of mulberry for Birbhum district of West Bengal
...up to November. The correlation coefficient between disease severity and meteorological parameters revealed that BLS disease severity showed significant positive correlation with max & min temperatures, min relative humidity, rainfall and number of rainy days. Step down multiple regression analysis revealed that the forecasting of BLS could best be done from min temp, minimum re
1N. Johnson Singh, 2Amitava Konar and 3Palash Mondal
Incidence of aphids in different traps on potato in Gangetic plains of West Bengal
...ngal to evaluate the population dynamics of aphids with the help of yellow pan trap and yellow sticky trap. The population of aphid catches was quite lower in yellow pan trap than yellow sticky trap. Aphids were first observed in traps during third week of December and the population of pests gradually increased to reach the peak in second week of February in the first year of study (2006-...
B. Ramanujam, R. D. Prasad, S. Sriram and R. Rangeswaran
Mass production, formulation, quality control and delivery of Trichoderma for plant disease management
...t is effective against a large number of soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi, suppressive effects on some root nematodes without adversely affecting beneficial microbes like Rhizobium and capable of promoting growth of certain crops. There are two major methods of inoculum production of Trichoderma spp. viz., solid state fermentation and liquid state fermentation. In solid fermentation, the fungus is grown on various cereal gr...
1S. A. Khan and 2S. Jha
Effect of dates of sowing, moisture regimes, varieties and weather factors on incidences of aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) in rape and mustard
... to understand aphid population dynamics during different phases of growth of rainfed vis-à-vis irrigated rape and mustard crops, and work out relationships between aphid population and weather parameters for its forewarning. Results revealed that initial incidence times of aphid varied from 19 November to 3 December, depending upon dates of sowing done during 1 October to 5 Novembe...
1Parvin Noor and 2Md. Nashir Uddin
Morphological changes of different castes of the subterranean termites (Odontotermes proformosanus) in fungus combs of termitophiles
...tify;">Termitidae is the largest family of termites. The workers of the subfamily Macrotermitinae have the extra-ordinary phenomena of making fungus combs inside the termitophiles. Considering the consistency of fungus-bed in the termitophiles, an attempt has been made to observe the morphological changes of nymphs while they stayed within the fungus comb. Biological attributes indicated that Odontotermes proformosanus are polymorphic in nature and have exopte...
1Bikash Ranjan Ray and 2Mrinal Kanti Dasgupta
Management of root holoparasite Aeginetia pedunculata of (Orobanchaceae), causing wilt of sugarcane by trap and catch crops
...used by Aeginetia pedunculata (Roxb.) Wall. (Orobanchaceae) is endemic in the command area of Plassey Sugar Mill in the districts of Nadia and Murshidabad in West Bengal. It spreads through water-and soil-borne seeds. With the objective of developing location-specific integrated management schedule of the parasite, crops, other than sugarcane, grown in the target area were evaluated for their potential as trap and catch crop...
A. K. Chaubey and Satyandra Kumar
Bio-management of root knot nematode and root rot disease by antagonistic fungi and rhizobacteria
...and six rhizobacteria isolates from the rhizosphere of vegetable crops was studied for suppression of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and wilt fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici on tomato in laboratory and pot culture experiment. All the isolates were isolated by serial dilution and cultured in liquid protein supplemented broth mediu...
K.N. Ahmed and M.R. Hasan
Sudden outbreak of mealy bug and armoured scale causing severe damage to economic crops in Bangladesh
...egetable crops viz., eggplant, lady's finger, papaya, basil etc. by citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) has been noticed in Bangladesh. It is mainly a pest of citrus and coffee crops but now it has become polyphagous in nature. Based on laboratory studies on immature and mature fruits...
Sitansu Pan and N. K. Mishra
Epidemiological studies on some diseases of guava (Psidium guajava L.)
...mber of rainy days and relative humidity on the development of diseases like canker (Pestalotia psidii), anthracnose and die back (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), stem canker and dry fruit rot (Botryodiplodia theobromae) and Phytophtora fruit rot (Phytophthora nicotianae var parasitica) of guava were analysed for predictive purpose from regression equations. The simple correlation coefficient matrix showed significantly pos...
Bijan Kumar Das
Incidence of Aleurocanthus spp. (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) on betelvine (Piper betle L.) and their interaction with host plants
...ed by the nature of the plantation. A good number of hemipteran insect pests occur in betelvine ecosystem which dwindle betelvine yield potentiality. Among these, the polyphagous betelvine blackfly, Aleurocanthus rugosa Singh (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) is a major pest causing severe damage to the foliage in the conservatories (borojas) of West Bengal. The seasonal incidence of A. rugosa in boroja was recorded during 2003-2004....
Bushra Afreen, Geetesh Baghel, Akil A. Khan and Q.A. Naqvi
Virus- vector relationship of yellow vein disease of calendula and the whitefly
...w vein disease on Calendula officinalis L. was transmitted from naturally infected C. officinalis to healthy seedlings of C. officinalis through whiteflies not through sap inoculation. A single whitefly could transmit the virus and showed 20.55% infection and fifteen whiteflies were required for 100 percent transmission. The minimum acquisition access feeding period and minimum inoculation...
S. Subharani, S. S. Thorat, N. Abem, L. Amit Kumar and T. K. Singh
A database on parasitoid of insect pests of crops in Manipur, India
...toid, host insect, host plant, morphological characters, geographical distribution, period of activity, parasitoid behavior and its biology etc. Image of the parasitoid species are also provided for helping in easy identification of the species. Keywords: Database, insect-pest, parasitoids, Manipur
...
...
S. K. Dutta, S. Roy Chowdhuri, D. Pandit and A. K. Bajpai
Rot diseases of muga host, Som (Persea bombycina) in Assam, India
...ost.), the primary food plant of muga silkworm, (Antheraea assamensis Helfer) growing mainly in North Eastern region and Uttaranchal State in India. India is unique in producing the golden muga silk and has monopoly in global silk market grows up to 20-25 meters and survives for 18-20 years. Pollarding of Som plant at 6 ft height is a common practice in North Eastern region of India for co...
Sitansu Pan and Someshwar Bhagat
Biological control of plant diseases
...t Biological control of plant diseases seems to be the best alternative for plant disease control. It is ecofriendly, reliable, cost effective and is an integral component of integrated plant disease management framework for sustainable crop production. A considerable number of biocontrol agents have been established successfully for their bioconrol potential including strains belonging to...
Basudeb Dasgupta, Partha Dutta and Srikanta Das
Biological control of foot rot of betelvine (Piper betle L.) caused by Phytophthora parasitica Dastur
...num. P. fluorescens inoculated in 500 kg oil cake ha-1 was applied once at pre-monsoon, twice during pre- and post- monsoon and four times at quarterly intervals. T. harzianum inoculated in 500 kg oil cake ha-1was applied at quarterly intervals. Bordeaux mixture (BM) was used to compare the treatments in preventing the intensity of foot rot. The results revealed that minimum foot rot disease occurred where four drenching and...
Debjani Chowdhury, P. C. Paul and B. Dasgupta
Management of leaf spot of Centella asiatica (Thankuni) caused by Alternaria sp. and target leaf spot of Rauvolfia serpentina (Sarpagandha) caused by Corynespora cassicola
...ol of leaf spot of Centella asiatica (Thankuni) caused by Alternaria sp. and target leaf spot of Rauvolfia serpentina (Sarpagandha) caused by Corynespora cassicola by spraying three fungicides (carbendazim at 0.1%, mancozeb at 0.025% and blitox at 0.25%) and four biocontrol agents (Trichoderma viride at 107 cfu / ml, T. harzianum at 107 cfu / ml, Pseudomonas fluorescens at 108 cell / ml and Biomonas-a formu
Amitava Konar, Palash Mondal and N. Johnson Singh
Occurrence of potato pests in different dates of planting in Gangetic plains of West Bengal, India
...to under five different planting dates (P1 to P5) was carried out for two consecutive years, 2006-07 and 2007-08 at Adisaptagram Block Seed Farm, Hooghly, West Bengal, India. Kufri Chandramukhi was planted in five dates of planting starting from 3rd week of November with one week interval upto 3rd week of December with a spacing of 60×20 cm. The trial was la<...
D. Sharmah, K.C. Deka and A.K. Phukan
Field evaluation of efficacy of some botanical dust against rice bug (Leptocorisa oratorius Fabr.)
...iatus L.) and their formulations and Malathion as standard insecticide were evaluated against the rice bug (Leptocorisa oratorius Fabr.) during 2000-2001 on the basis of per cent reduction under field condition. The per cent reduction in number of rice bug adults due to neem seed kernel powder, neem seed kernel powder + multani powder, multani powder, neem leaf powder, neem leaf powder + multani powder, neem leaf powder + as...
Sitansu Pan and Amrita Das
Population proliferation and spread of Trichoderma spp. in soil under two different delivery systems
...y;">Post application population proliferation (build-up) and spread of Trichoderma spp., Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride in three different types (sterilized, solarised and natural) clay loam soil at 50% water holding capacity (pH 6.5) was studied both under laboratory and field conditions following two types of delivery systems, through org...
K.N. Ahmed , M.A. Al-Helal, N-E-P. Khanom, S. Bulbul
Control strategies of papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Willink infesting vegetable crops in Bangladesh
...aves along the veins and later disperse to the unripe fruits rendering them unmarketable and inedible. The damage appeared to be in the range between 70 and 95 per cent. Generally young plants die due to heavy infestation and colony formation of the mealybug. P. marginatus is a polyphagous pest attacking several agricultural, horticultural crops, ornamental plants and weeds of economic val...
P. Barma and S. Jha
Biology, seasonal activity of fruit fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae Coq.) on pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.) and weather relations
...wed that the incubation, larval, pupal and adult longevity periods were 2 to 5 days, 5 to 7 days, 6 to 9 days, 37 to 41 days in June-July and 4 to 6 days, 16 to 19 days, 17 to 21 days, 23 to 32 days in August-October, respectively. Correlation with individual weather factors revealed that each of maximum and minimum temperature had significant positive correlation (r = +0.386 and +0.501, r...
M. S. A. Mamun and M. Ahmed
Integrated pest management in tea: prospects and future strategies in Bangladesh
...rown as a monoculture on large contiguous areas. Tea plant is subjected to the attack of several notorious pests such as insects, mites, nematodes, diseases and weeds. Globally 1034 species of arthropods and 82 species of nematodes are associated with tea plants. Among them 25 species of insects, 4 species of mites and 10 species of nematodes are recorded from Bang...
Nilesh Suresh Gole and Bijan Kumar Das
Biology of Dichromia sagitta (Fabricius) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera), a serious pest of Indian ipecac, Tylophora indica
... an important medicinal plant in the family Asclepiadaceae, indigenous to India. In West Bengal, we observed the herb to be heavily infested by a defoliator pest, Dichromia sagitta (Fabricius) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera). A study was conducted in the field and laboratory of All India Coordinated Research Project on Medicinal & Aromatic Plants and Betelvine (AICRP on MAPB) at Bidhan Chandr...
Sitansu Pan and Amrita Das
Control of cowpea (Vigna sinensis) root and collar rot (Rhizoctonia solani) with some organic formulations of Trichoderma harzianum under field condition
...ng those root rot and collar rot are important and R. solani has been an important factor behind these two main diseases. A field trial was conducted during pre-kharif season of 2011 to control root and collar rot of cowpea caused by Rhizoctonia solani with two organic formulations of Trichoderma harzianum along with o...
Sunita J. Magar and D.D. Nirmal
Effect of plant spacings and cultivars on spread of Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (YVMV) disease
...V) disease in different plant spacing 30 x 30 cm, 50 x 30 cm, 60 x 30 cm, 60 x 60 cm and 60 x 40 cm and using two cultivars, i.e., cv. Parbhani Kranti and Local indicated that the first appearance of symptom was earlier in cv. Local and late in cv. Parbhani Kranti. The rate of infection was higher at 45 to 60 days after sowing in both kharif and summer while in cv. Local it was higher at 30 to 45 days after sowing. Less infe...
SK Fashi Alam, Atanu Seni and Ajoy K Sahoo
Biology of the mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera) on sprouted potato and brinjal plant
... was studied on brinjal plant and sprouted potato tubers in the laboratory. The female nymphs moulted three times for becoming adults while the male took four moultings. The female and male nymphs completed development in 14.45± 0.96 days and 19.53±1 days, respectively on brinjal plant at 20-36.2° C temperature and 15.1±1 days and 18±0.82 days respectively o...
Amitava Konar, Kiran A. More and Pradip Mondal
Efficacy of some insecticides against cutworm and molecricket of potato in West Bengal
...ate 10 G @ 15kg ha-1 at planting plus drenching the ridges with chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 2.5ml/L of water on appearance of pest (T5) was found most effective in decreasing the incidence of cutworm and molecricket followed by soil treatment at planting with phorate 10 G @15kg ha-1 with addition drenching the ridges with imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.004% (2ml/10L of water) on the occurrence of the pest (T6 ) than other treatments as ...
Amitava Konar, S. Paul and Kiran A. More
Efficacy of different insecticidal treatment schedules against aphid and whitefly on brinjal
...2011. The experiment was laid in RBD with seven treatment schedules and three replications. Among all the treatments soil application of phorate at transplanting, followed by foliar spray with acephate, thiodicarb and Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki at 50, 70 and 90 days after transplanting, respectively) and seedling treatment with imidacloprid before transpl...
A. Regupathy and R. Ayyasamy
Initiatives of papain industry by private-public-farmer link-ages in classical biocontrol program for papaya mealybug in Tamil Nadu
...atore since 2004. The onslaught by the new invasive mealybug (PMB)-Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink) in 2006 caused major concern in papain production. The need for repeated application of insecticides and dearth of labour for application of insecticides made it difficult for the farmers to maintain the crop and forced many farmers to even abandon papaya crop cultivation altogether. Considering the drast...
P.S. Ajith, K.K. Lakshmesha, S. Mahadev Murthy and N. Lakshmidevi
Botanicals for control of anthracnose of bell peppers
...justify;">Botanicals or plant extracts from Cathranthus roseus, Coleus aromaticus , Manilkara zapota and Azadirachta indica was studied by poisoned food technique, seed germination and under green house experiments for control of Colletotrichum capsici, fungal pathogen responsible for anthracnose disease in bell peppers (Capsicum frutescence L.). The results showed that all the selected plants have potential to inhibit the r...
S.K. Sahoo
Incidence and management of mustard aphid (Lipaphis ery-simi Kaltenbach) in West Bengal
... week, with the peak population on 6th standard week and the aphid disappeared after 10th standard week. Among the different chemical insecticides evaluated for their bio-efficacy against L. erysimi, Dimethoate 30EC and Oxydemeton-methyl 25EC were proved to be more effective. The plots treated with Dimethoate and Oxydemeton-methyl recorded minimum aphid infestation in most of the observations, there by produced more yield ranging from 1151.6 to 1310.3 kg seed/...
Goutam Samui and Shantanu Jha
Branch gall of mango (Oligotrophus mangiferae Keiffer) its bioecology and management
...garding the biology, population dynamics and management of this pest. Branch gall is a univoltine species. Emergence of adults from gall could be found from 2nd week of February, which continued up to 2nd week of March. Incubation, larval and pupal period lasted for 3-5 days, 315 days and 30-45 days, respectively. Eggs were laid singly throughout the you...
Md Riton Choudhury, Koushik Brahmachari, Sudeshna Kar and Rupayan Deb
Integration of weed management practices in rice-potato-groundnut cropping sequence
...Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia West Bengal in two consecutive years (2009-10 and 2010-11) to study the effect of different weed management measures (e.g. hand weeding, herbicides, mulching etc.) on the yield of crops in sequence and cost effectiveness of different weed control measures. Rice exhibited the maximum yield when treated with two hand weedings, but it may be profitably replaced by the application of...
Madhuban Gopal, Rajesh Kumar and Arunava Goswami
Nano-pesticides - A recent approach for pest control
...re prepared using encapsulation technique. The Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) studies, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) studies confirmed the nano-structure of nanopesticides. Nanoparticles of sulphur and hexaconazole thus characterized were estimated for the presence of active ingredient in the formulation adopting analytical techniques like Gas Chromatography / High Pressure Liq...
M. A. Al-Helal, K. N. Ahmed, N-E-P. Khanom, and S. Bulbul
Observations on papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Willink (Hemiptera : Pseudococcidae) damag-ing some crops in Bangladesh
...currents. Female usually lays 100 to 600 eggs. Eggs are greenish-yellow in colour measuring 0.120 cm diameter and laid in an ovisac that 3-4 times the body length. Eggs are covered with white waxy substances developed ventrally by the adult female. Egglaying is continued up to 2 weeks and 150-200 eggs were deposited during this period. The life cycle is completed within 29 days at an avera...
Goutam Mondal
Plant growth promoting activity of some indigenous Tricho-derma isolates and their field performance against sheath blight of rice in old alluvial zone of North Bengal
...Trichoderma spp. were isolated from the old alluvial zone of North Bengal and their biocontrol activity were tested in dual culture and found effective against soil-borne plant pathogens, namely, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (Padw.) Matuo. and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn. Efficacy in plant growth promoting activity of all the iso
M.S. Islam, M.Ali, and I. Ahmad
Efficacy of sedomil 72WP and recozeb 80WP to control die-back (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) of tea in Bangladesh
...zeb 80WP (mancozeb + metalaxyl) to control of dieback disease (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) of tea in Bangladesh. The pathogen, C. gloeosporioides was isolated from the dieback infected tea twigs on PDA medium. Mycelial blocks of the isolated pathogen were transferred to PDA plates amended with sedomil 72WP (mancoze...
Biswajit Pramanick, Sruti Karmakar, Koushik Brahmachari, Rupayan Deb
An integration of weed management practices in potato un-der New Alluvial soil
...Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal. The experiment was laid out in RBD with nine treatments replicated thrice. The predominant weed flora in the experimental field of potato was Cyperus rotundas, Chenopodium album, Anagallis arvensis and Fumaria purviflora. The results revealed that the maximum tuber yield and return per rupee invested vis-à-vis the maximum N, P, K uptake by potato and the mini...
Dipak Mandal, Paramita Bhowmik and M.L. Chatterjee
Evaluation of new and conventional insecticides for the management of mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. (Homoptera: Aphididae) on rapeseed (Brassica juncea L.)
...ncea L.). Experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with eight treatments. Insecticides used in the experiments were imidacloprid 17.8% SL at 27g a.i/ha, lambda-cyhalothrin 5% EC at 25g a.i/ha, chlorpyriphos 20% EC at 375g a.i/ha, dichlorvos 75% EC at 375g a.i/ha, thiamethoxam 25% WG at 27g a.i/ha, dimethoate 30% EC at 375g a.i/ha and chlorpyriphos 50% + cypermethrin 5% EC (Canon) at 375g a.i/ha. Chlorpyriphos (93.5...
A.A. Oyerinde, P.Z. Chuwang, P.Z. and G.T. Oyerinde
Evaluation of the effects of climate change on increased in-cidence of cowpea pests in Nigeria
...region to the other. The latest assessment report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts an increment in mean atmospheric temperature from 1.1 to 6.4°C toward the year 2100 with equally increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Such climatic changes could profoundly affect insect’s population on essential crops. This study was conducted during the 2010 and 2011 cropping season at the ...
A. Sajeena and T. Marimuthu
Efficacy, stability and persistence of Ganosol, a Ganoderma based fungicide against plant pathogens
...le concentrate. The formulation of 10EC at 0.25% was standardized as the best emulsifiable concentration for use against the pathogen. The pre inoculation spray of the formulation was observed to produce 63.62% reduction in lesion height caused by the sheath blight pathogen. Two isoforms of poly phenol oxidase, PPO 1 and PPO 3 were observed to be induced only in Ganosol 10EC sprayed p
Dipak Mandal, Paramita Bhowmik, Pronobesh Halder and M. L. Chatterjee
Determination of relative toxicity and base line data of dif-ferent insecticides against cotton mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley)
...Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV), Mohanpur during 2012. Both treated food untreated insect and treated food treated insect methods were followed. The lowest LC50 values through treated food untreated insect method were recorded in chlorpyriphos 20 EC (226 ppm) and dichlorvos 75 EC (282 ppm) in treated food treated insect method, which was 8.89 and 7.13 times more relatively toxic in respective method after 24 hours when ...
S. Patra, V.W. Dhote, SK F. Alam, B.C. Das, M.L. Chatterjee and A. Samanta
Population dynamics of major insect pests and their natural enemies on cabbage under new alluvial zone of West Bengal
...ext-align: justify;">Population dynamics of major insect pests and their natural enemies on cabbage were studied at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV), Kalyani, West Bengal(India) during rabi season of 2011-12 and 2012-13. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Cabbage (cv Rareball) seedlings were transplante...
Abhijit Ghosal and M. L. Chatterjee
Bioefficacy of imidacloprid 17.8 SL against whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in brinjal
...t number of whitefly population (1.55/plant) and offered maximum reduction of whiteflies (83.15%) as well as highest marketable fruit yield (146.50 q/ha). However, imidacloprid at lower doses showed nearly similar results. The other neonicotinoid, thiamethoxam also provided similar levels of protection as that of imidacloprid. The conventional insecticid...
D.K. Hazra, Megha Pant, S.K. Raza and P. K. Patanjali
Formulation technology: key parameters for food safety with respect to agrochemicals use in crop protection
...ic region are mainly available as dust, wettable powder, emulsifiable concentrates, solutions, etc. These types of formulations are regarded now as ?conventional‘, ?old technology‘ or ?classical‘ or ?traditional‘ because of their increased in dose rate or repeated applications to get desired bioefficacy which lead to accumulation ...
Lakshman Chandra Patel and Chandan Kumar Mondal
Management of causal agents of chilli leaf curl complex through bio-friendly approaches
...crop loss in Sundarban Islands that occurs primarily due to attack of thrips, yellow mites and white fly followed by invasion of chilli leaf curl virus. An attempt was made to find out the cost effec-tive management schedule to minimize the crop loss. Seven treatments were taken up for study including two chemicals i.e. profenophos and diafenthiuron, three ecofriendly approaches i.e. garlic extract, spirit and alternate use of garlic with spirit, one predator ...
Dharmishthabahen R. Shah and Abhishek Shukla
Reaction of gerbera cultivars to spider mite, Tetranychus urti-cae Koch (Tetranychidae: Acari) under polyhouse conditions
...nt with lowest mite popu-lation (1.62mites/plant) whereas Venezia and Fana were tolerant to spider mite with 7.72 and 9.67 mites per plant, respectively. The gerbera cultivar C. F. Gold (13.31 mites/plant) and Stanza (15.56 mites/plant) were medium tol-erant under polyhouse conditions. On the basis of biomorphological ...
Dinesh Kachhawa and Sahidur Rahman
Factors influencing incidence of red spider mite of tea, Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner) in Assam
...(maximum and minimum), relative humidity, total rainfall and bright sunshine hours were collected for the entire period of study from the Department of Agrometeorology, AAU, Jorhat.The incidence of red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae on tea leaves was maximum during month of April to May-June and September-October (2011). The minimum number of mites was recorded from July- August and November (2011) to February (2012). The data taken from 1st week of April, 2...
lass="style6" style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Shams Ur Rehman, Muhammad Arif and Abdul Mateen
Soil-borne viruses in major potato growing areas of Pakistan
...onducted in Hazara and Malakand Divi-sions during potato growing seasons in 2011-12. Incidence and distribution of Potato mop-top pomovirus (PMTV) and Tobacco rattle tobra virus (TRV) was reported on the basis of characteristic symptoms expression, bait test, infectivity assays and double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Both the viruses were prevalent in Hazara and Malakand divisions. The ave...
Rashid Pervez, Santhosh J. Eapen, S. Devasahayam and M. Dinsha
Characterization of entomopathogenic nematode, Stein-ernema carpocapsae from ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) rhizosphere in India
... a random survey, one isolate of entomopathogenic nematode from ginger rhizosphere was collected from Faizabad district of Uttar Pradesh (India). Morphological and morphometric studies identified the isolate as Stein-ernema carpocapsae. This was further confirmed by ITS-rDNA sequences analysis. Phylogenetic was constructed for studying relationship with known isola...
M. S. Joshi , D.M. Sawant and A.P. Gaikwad
Isolate variations in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides infecting pomegranate
...re tested against six isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides under controlled conditions. Inoculated fruits were assessed on the basis of virulence of the isolates and reaction of a particular variety was expressed in Disease Reaction Index (DRI). There was considerable variation in virulence and suscep-tibility within isola<...
A. K. Ganguly and Uma Rao
Decades of researches in biochemical and molecular nematology at IARI
...f biochemistry and molecular biology of plant parasitic nematodes during the early seventies of last century. The main research areas were biochemical mechanism of resistance against phytonematodes and diagnostics of economically important plant parasitic nematodes. Specific isozymes have been identified for differentiating the important root knot nemato...
Anjan Bhattacharyya, Suhrid Ranjan Barik & Pritam Ganguly
New pesticide molecules, formulation technology and uses: Present status and future challenges
...ides in India during the last three decades. Researches are going on to develop safer molecules which could undergo photo-degradation, microbial degradation as well as chemical degradation leaving very less amount of residues in the environment. Conventional pesticide formulations like WP, EC etc are endangering human health and polluting environment. Newly developed modern formulations li...
Goutam Samui and S. Jha
Biology, seasonal incidence and management of Apsylla cistellata Bucton. on mango in West Bengal
...ich mango shoot gall psylla Apsylla cistellata Bucton.(Psyllidae: Hemiptera) is the most important one in the district of Malda and Murshidabad, West Bengal. Adult females of the pest had been found to lay eggs at the sides of midribs during first week to end of March. Incubation period lasted from first week of March ...
Amitava Konar and N. Johnson Singh
Occurrence of aphids on various potato germplasms in eastern gangetic plains of West Bengal
...ncidence pattern and population dynamics of aphids on various potato germplasms. The common potato germplasms viz Kufri Chandramukhi, Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Jawhar along with three processing varieties like Kufri Chipsona-1, Kufri Chipsona-2 and Atlantic were screened against aphids. Potato seed tuber was planted by end of...
lass="style6" style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Anil Sehajpal, Saroj Arora and Parminder Kaur
Evaluation of plant extracts against Rhizoctonia solani causing sheath blight of rice
...antifungal effect of 44 plant extracts and 8 plant oils against the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani was evaluated by disc diffusion method. Out of 44 plants tested, 36 plant extracts showed varied degree of antimicrobial effect at different concentrations against the pathogen whereas 8 pla
S. Pal, H. Banerjee and N. N. Mandal
Efficacy of low dose of herbicides against weeds in transplanted kharif rice (Oryza sativa L.)
...C against weeds in transplanted kharif rice was studied at Regional Research Sub-Station (New Alluvial Zone), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Chakdaha, Nadia, West Bengal. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with 7 treatments and 3 replications. The results revealed that the major weed flora associated with the transplanted ric...
Someshwar Bhagat and Sitansu Pan
Comparative ecological behaviour of some pre- and post-tsunami isolates of Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride from Andaman & Nicobar Islands
...pre- and post Tsunami isolates of Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, was undertaken to assess the effect on some ecological behavoiur of these biocontrol agents. All the isolates showed better parasitic ability and rhizosphere colonization when the competition of other organisms withdrawn compared to natural and sun dried soil. Both competitive...
Dhananjoy Mandal
Eco-friendly management of mealybug and wilt in pineapple
... in 2006-07 at Chopra, Islampur, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, for eco-friendly pest management of mealy bug, Dysmicoccus brevipes Cockerell in pineapple, the treatments were: T1 [Farmers’ practice: phorate 10 G @ 20 kgha-1 during planting + monocrotophos 36% EC @ 0.03% at 100 DAP + endosulfan 35% EC @ 0.02% during 150-180 DAP]; T2 [Treating planting materials (basal portion) with mon...
Dhananjoy Mandal 2K. Baral 3M. K. Dasgupta
Developing site-specific appropriate precision agriculture
...cating variations in population at exact grids and helping the individual farmer in decision-making in pest management at varied pesticide doses depending on varied soil pest population intensity and spatial distribution. Often it ends up in reducing the quantum of a pesticide threatened with withdrawal. We understand Appropriate PA (Appropriate Precision Agriculture, APA) as Site-Specific Appropriate Precision Agriculture (...
Partha Pratim Ghosh and 2N. C. Mandal
Some disease management practices for bacterial wilt of potato
...wilt [c.o. - Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al.] is one of the threatening potato diseases. To study the effect of some disease management practices in potato, an investigation was conducted in slightly acidic (pH 5.62) loamy sand soil with medium fertility status in a Randomised Block Design with three replicates and seven treatment modules, as described in Materials & Methods. Investigation revealed that T1 (TPS whole tuber p
T. P. Ghosh, D. Mandal, S. Laha and M. K. Dasgupta
Dynamics and severity model in managing fungal diseases
...nd Septoria chrysanthemella on Chrysanthemum indicum; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Alternaria sp. on Dracaena deremensis; Alternaria sp. and Cercospora hibisci-manihotis on Hibiscus rosa-sinensis; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on Calathea ornata; Alternaria sp. on Ficus religiosa; Cercospora jasminicola on Jasminum sambac; Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Diplocarpon rosae on Rosa multi...
K. K. Hegde and B. S. Nandihalli
Bioefficacy of some indigenous products in the management of okra fruit borers
...uit borers, Earias vittella Fabricius and Helicoverpa armigera Hubner. Different indigenous products like NSKE (5%), GCKE, sweet flag extract (5%), garlic extract (5%), cow dung (10%) and cow urine (10%) were tried individually and in combinations along with endosulfan (0.07%) and untreated control. Repeated sprays of GCKE recorded least number of eggs (1.40 eggs/plant) followed by NSKE (5...
B. S. Nandihalli
Utilization of botanicals in the management of the coconut perianth mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer
...in reducing the mite population with higher healthy nuts (81 nuts 4 bunches), least percent of damaged nut (65 per cent) and highest benefit which was on par with wettable sulphur. The next best treatment was neem oil 2 percent....
Shrinivas Mudigoudra and Shekharappa
Evaluation of plant products aganist sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata Rondani
...e efficacy of different plant products against sorghum shoot fly during Kharif 2005 at University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. The different plant products used in the study were, Vitex negundo, NSKE, Adathoda vesica, Pongamia glabra, Vinca rosea, Butea monosperma, Aloevera @ 5% concentration and were compared with carbofuran 3 G @ 30 kg. ha-1 to know its efficacy on shoot fly in sor...
Shekharappa
Biological control of earhead caterpillar, Helicoverpea armigera Hubner in sorghum
... chemical control with Melathian 5% @ 30 kg.ha-1 for the management of ear head caterpillar (H. armigera) in sorghum ecosystem of University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. The mycoinsecticide N. rileyi was highly infective at both the dosages 1x108 conidia per litre & 2x108 conidia per litre against H. armigera as compared to Ha NPV 250 LE per hectare and chemical control in mitigating the pest popu
Sujoy Mondal and S. S. Ghatak
Bioefficacy of some indigenous plant extracts against epilachna beetle (Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata Fabr.) infesting cucumber
...lock Design at Viswavidyalaya Instructional Farm during 2004–05 to find out the impact of plant derived pesticides viz; Neem Azal, Rhizome extracts of Acorus calamus with petroleum ether as solvent and seed extracts of Annona squamosa with methanol as solvent in controlling epilachna beetle, Henosepilachna vigint...
V. S. Desai, S. D. Desai, A. J. Mayekar and V.G. More
Infestation of coconut eriophyid mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer in Konkan region of Maharashtra
...cause damage in coconut plantations in Konkan region of Maharashtra from January 2002. Three orchards from this area were surveyed to record infestation level of this pest in April and October of 2004 and March 2005. The survey indicated that the infestation was higher in Thane district followed by Sindhudurg district.
...
Manidipa Chowdhury
Incidence of saw fly, Athalia lugens proxima Klug. as influenced by level of irrigation and fertilizers on mustard
...r Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal in two successive Rabi seasons of 2005-06 and 2006-07with an objective to study the incidence of saw fly (Athalia lugens proxima Klug.) as influenced by level of irrigation and fertilizers on mustard c.v. NC-1 (Jhumka) of Brassica campestris var. yellow sarson. Highest saw fly population (0.26 larvae/p...
S. Choudhury and S. Pal
Population dynamics of mustard aphid on different Brassica cultivars under terai agro-ecological conditions of West Bengal
...r Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar during rabi season of 2002-03 and 2003-04 to study the population dynamics of mustard aphid on seven popular rapeseed-mustard cultivars. The incidence of aphid commenced from 52nd to 2nd standard week with a very low population levels on all the cultivars. The aphid (Lipaphis erysimi) popu
Shyam Singh and L.P. Awasthi
Plant products for the management of yellow mosaic disease of mungbean and urdbean
..., respectively. Maximum plant height (70.90 and 56.20 cm), primary branches (6.36 and 6.38 per plant), secondary branches (13.56 and 10.68 per plant), nodules (27.48 and 37.69 per plant), pods (17.25 and 22.85 per plant), seed yield (4.43 and 3.89 g per plant) were recorded in eight ...
N. Mandi and A. K. Senapati
Integration of chemical botanical and microbial insecticides for control of thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood infesting chilli
... minimize the thrips population 93.3% and 89.93% respectively. Neem pesticide (54.2%) and microbial pesticide BT (43.43%) were found moderately effective. However, two sprays of acetamiprid and thiamethoxam followed by two sprays of neem pesticide and BT proved to be effective for management of thrips and it gave highest marketable yield, higher cost benefit ratio and percent reduction in thrips’ population.
V. N. Jalgaonkar, M. S. Gawankar, V. W. Bendale and P. D. Patil
Efficacy of some insecticides against cashew tea mosquito bug Helopeltis antonii Sign
...nt of Tea Mosquito Bug relative to the recommended spray schedule. The results indicated that out of six treatments selected, the treatment of 0.003% lambda-cyhalothrin was observed significantly superior over all other treatments followed by 0.01% triazophos that was also significantly superior over rest of the treatments.
...
S. Pal and I. Sarkar
Pests infesting ornamental plants in hilly region of West Bengal
...Crops surveyed included gladiolus, carnation, anthurium, gerbera, china rose, chrysanthemum, Bird of Paradise, Straw flower. A number of aphid species were found infesting different ornamental plants viz. Myzus persicae on Carnation, gerbera and Anthurium; Macrosiphoniella sanborni on Chrysanthemum; Aphis gossypii on China rose. Other sucking pests infesting ornamentals included Bemisia ta...
Zhensheng Liu1,2, Hui Gao1,2, Jiapeng Dong1, Mingming Zhang3 and Liwei Teng1,2,*
...a sexually dimorphic ungulate. In general, males are larger than females and the two sexes live in separate groups outside the breeding season. We studied the seasonal activity of blue sheep from May 2010 through August 2012 to test the activity budget hypothesis, which predicts that females spend more time on feeding and that the activity synchronization of same-sex groups is higher than for mixed-sex groups. Our results su...
Bao-Ming Ge* Dai-Zhen Zhang, Qiu-Ning Liu, Sen-Hao Jiang, Jun Cui, Chun-Lin Zhou and Bo-Ping Tang
...ests was studied at a reclaimed coast in Yancheng, China. The aggregated distribution of A. vulgare population was found by Taylor’s power law and Iowa’s patchiness regression methods in each season (P< 0.001). The abundances were markedly affected by habitat type (F5,120 = 49.409, P < 0.001) and season (F3,120 = 13.577, P < 0.001), however...
Beenish Zahid1,*, Asim Aslam2, Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry2 and Raheela Akhtar2
...f Punjab Pakistan for isolation of IBD virus by inoculating in embryonated chicken eggs through chorioallantoic membrane. The two hundred birds were divided into 4 groups A, B, C and D). The birds in group A were commercial broiler chicks having maternal derived antibodies and were challenged with IBDV field isolate at the rate of 0.1ml of EID50 (virus t...
Muhammad Mansoor, Zaigham Abbas and Nageen Husssain*
..., associated with food related disorders and a number of autoimmune diseases. We hypothesized that gluten containing diet would further exacerbate an already undergoing arbitrary immune reaction in SLE patients. Pristane was injected in female BALB/c mice to induce the disease. After five months, mice in various groups were treated with prednisone and fed with gluten containing and standard diet for four weeks and applied procedure to detect minor changes in p...
Nasreen Memon1,*, Rukhsana Parveen2 and Imtiaz Ahmad2, Nadir Ali Shah3
...lude dorsal view, scent gland apparatus, external and internal male and female genitalia. A key of nine species is also given.
...
Bushra Niaz1,*, Tahir Zahoor1, Muhammad Atif Randhawa1 and Amer Jamil2
... of animals and humandisplays a variety of antimicrobial, antioxidant and immunomodulatory as well as a number of other biological functions. Its potential can be exploited in several food applications. Keeping in view the increased demand of natural antimicrobial agents to control prevalence of food borne pathogens in final packaged food products as well as for food preservation/ biocontrol, this study was designed to iso
Sadia Munir1a, Asif Nadeem1a*, Maryam Javed1, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Tanveer Hussain2, Wasim Shehzad1, Rajput Zahid Iqbal3 and Sidra Manzoor1
...y;">Pit-Oct-Unc Domain, Class 1, Transcription Factor 1 (Pit1)is a member of the tissue-specific POU homeobox transcription factor family that is found in all mammals. Pit1 encodes a pituitary-specific transcription factor, which is involved in pituitary development and regulating the hormone expression in animals. In current study, Pit1 gene was screened for polymorphic sites in Sahiwal cattle. Samples from Sah...
Song Li1,* and Zuojian Feng2
...ext-align: justify;">The large red flying squirrel Petaurista albiventer mainly inhabits northern Pakistan eastward to southwestern China, stretching across the whole southern Himalayan mountains. However, relatively little work has been performed on mapping its geographic variations in China. In this study, we used 45 P. albiventer specimens from Xizang and Yunnan in China t...
Freeha John, Noor Abid Saeed*, Sajid Nadeem and Muhammad Hamed
... conducted at NIAB, Faisalabad to evaluate the use of the planting time and the insecticide sprays for managing aphids to avoid losses to grain yield. During the crop season in year 2015-16, wheat variety (Millat 2011) was sown on three planting dates: mid Nov (crop 1), end Nov (crop 2), and mid Dec (crop 3). Trial was la<...
Yasemin Bircan Yildirim* and Hediye Tugce Vurmay
...n the microbial flora isolated from gills and intestine tissues of commercially important finfish species: saddled seabream (Oblada melanura), gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), Bogue (Boops boops), horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus), red mullet (Mullus barbatus), brushtooth lizardfish (Saurida undosquamis), grey mullet (Mugil cephalus
Burhan Azam1, Muhammad Naeem Tahir2,*, Faisal Shahzad2, Abdul Ghaffar3, Ghulam Abbas4, Madiha Gohar5 and Saima1
...lign: justify;">Poor availability of good quality feedstuffs for the feeding of livestock has been identified as the major hurdles in the development of livestock sector in Pakistan. To improve the poor quality roughages, exogenous fibrolytic enzyme may play important role by enhancing digestibility of fibre. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of varying level of fibrolytic enzyme in concentrate ration on dry...
Ayesha Zahid,Ammara Muazzam, Sidra Mustafa, Saba Irshad*,Malik Siddique Mahmood and Rehman Shahzad
...mong people, although ocular surgery can reestablish vision in such patients but genetic researches have validated that, mutations in GJA8 are coherent source of lens opaqueness and inappropriate growth of fiber cells. In the present study, a novel G to C substitution (1104G>C) (pE368Q) was screened by PCR-SSCP in exon 2 of GJA8 and this tansversion altered exceedingly conserved glutamic acid to glutamine at site which was involved in coding of ASF1 ...
Mousa Keshavarz1*, Maryam Soyuf Jahromi2
...exual ratio in their population and to see if they effect the operational sex ratio (OSR). The number of males and females were 71 and 126, respectively. Twenty samples by the total wet weights less than 12 g were non-sexual. The wet weight of the gonads was ~8.25% of the mean total wet body weights. The most distribution of gonad wet weights and total wet weights were generally less than 10 g and 80 g, respectively. The females were heavier than the males (~1...
Madeeha Arshad1, Naveed Ahmad2,*, Muhammad Khalid3, Asmatullah1, Mohammad Tahir2, Khadija Naveed1 and Asia Iqbal4
.../sub> of Cr VI, was calculated as 88mg/kg of B.W in pregnant mice. Among 05 groups of pregnant females (10 females in each group), three were treated with 50%, 25% and 12.5% of the LD50 of Cr VI, respectively, with one control and one vehicle control group. Fetuses were recovered on 18th day of gestation and fixed for morphometric and morphological studies. Experimental groups showed variable degree of fetal abnormalities, along with redu...
Jia-xiang Wang1,2,* and Peng Li1,2
...comprised of peripheral gland cells and centroacinar cells; the endocrineportion consists of islet cells. Ghrelin-immunopositive (ghrelin-ip) cells were found in both the pancreatic exocrine portion and islets. The greatest number of ghrelin-ip cells was found in the islets, and the cell density decreased gradually from the pancreatic islets to the extrainsular regions. The distribution of ghrelin-ip cells was observed mostl...
P.P. Ghosh*, C. Ghosh, B. Mahato, A. Chakraborty, S.K. Bhattacharya and M.K. Bhattacharjya
...xt-align: justify;">Vascular bacterial wilt being an impediment of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) production under the acidic soil condition of Purulia district of West Bengal resulted in 20-30% yield loss every year. The present participatory action research was aimed to study the (i) adeptness of integrated module of prophylactic soil disinfection and bio-control, (ii) only prophy...
1Sitesh Chatterjee, 1Chirasree Gangopadhyay and 2Santosh Kumar Roy
...of pests in seedbed is relatively less expensive than transplanted main-field because of smaller area of nursery that can be managed better way as compared to transplanted field. In the present study, chlorantraniliprole granule was applied both in seedbed and transplanted field along with spraying of some new generation insecticides like indoxacarb, flu...
P.P. Ghosh*, A. Chakraborty, S.K. Bhattacharya, C. Ghosh, B. Mahato and M.K. Bhattacharjya
...="text-align: justify;">Black gram (Vigna mungo L.) is widely cultivated during May to September under the rainfed unbunded uplands of Purulia, West Bengal and the produces are stored by farmers under homestead condition for the purpose of consumption and seed for the next year sowing. Callosobruchus sp.(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is the major stored grain pest of blackgram u...
Mohammed M. Ibrahim1,2*, Y.S. Chandel1 and Anil3
...observed between the populations for all characters except abdomen length, fore wing width and length of trochanter and tibia. Overall, the mean of populations for head height × width, proboscis length, thorax length, abdomen length, fore wing length × width, cubital index, hind wing length × width, number of hamuli, coxa length, trochanter length, femur length, tibia length and metatarsus length × wi...
Obaidullah1, Zafar Ali Shah1* and Sami Ullah2
...tudy was conducted to isolate Lapachol (1, 4- naphthoquinone) from heterophragma adenophyllum seem and to synthesize its copper and silver nanoparticles followed by their antibacterial assessment. Lapachol was isolated from stem heartwood of heterophragma adenophyllum seem through column chromatographic technique. Characterization of Lapachol was carried through melting point assessment and running its comparative TLC agains...
Elvera Monin, B. Dasgupta, Palash Chandra Paul, Jayanta Saha and Srikanta Das
Gadeeyya G and Ratna Kumar P.K.
...y was conducted on weed plants for the primary investigation of natural enemies which may became promising biocontrol agents. A total of 7 weed plants include Commelina benghalensis, Cyperus rotundus, Crotalaria verrucosa, Digera muricata, Sida cordifolia, Ipomoea pestigridis and Trianthema portulacastrum were selected for in vitro s...
Fariha Imtiaz1, Muhammad Islam1, Hamid Saeed2,*, Bushra Saleem1, Maryam Asghar1 and Zikria Saleem2
...f extracts of Trigonella foenum-graecum leaves. The extracts of powdered leaves were obtained in various solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, ethanol and distilled water) using hot and cold extraction methods. Phytochemical analysis of leaves was performed on powder and extracts of leaves using already reported methods. Mineral analysis was done using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Hair growth promoting effects were examined using alop...
Mahmoud Said1*, Abd El Satar Arafa1, Mohammed A. Rohaim2* and Hussein A. Hussein2
Hussein Aly Hussein1*, Omneya Mohamed Khattab2, Shereen Mohamed Aly2, and Mohammed Abdel Mohsen Rohaim1
...vely on the use of molecular tools. In this study, we analysed the G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor (GPCR) genes of two LSDV isolates from Ixodid (hard) ticks (Amblyomma hebraeum) in Egypt. Multiple alignments of the nucleotide sequences revealed that both isolates had nine nucleotide mutations in comparison with the local reference strain, LSDV-Egypt/89 Ismalia. Compared with the GPCR...
Süleyman Kök*
...rs (79 cattle) in the villages. According to the estimated average heterozygosity values for ex-situ breeding program and smallholders in the villages, the difference between the cattle were found meaningful (P<0.05). The observed average heterozygosity (Ho) value was calculated as 0.4077±0.1922, while the expected heterozygosity (He) value was...
Baohua Chen1,2, Wenzhu Peng3, Jian Xu2, Jingyan Feng1,2, Chuanju Dong1,2 and Peng Xu2,3,*
...erases (GSTs) comprise a large and diverse family of enzymes with a wide phylogenetic distribution. They are multifunctional enzymes that play a crucial role in cellular detoxification and oxidative stress tolerance. Comparing with that in mammals, investigation of GSTs is more complicated in teleosts because of the greater pressure they suffer in aquatic environment. In this study, we ide...
Erol Akkuzu1,*, Hidayet Güzel2 and Özkan Evcin1
...actors influence the population dynamics and severity of damage in a forest. This study investigated the effects of stand composition and site index of pine forests on Ips sexdentatus (Boerner) populations. Two main objectives of this study were a) to compare the effects of two different black pine stands of site index-I (high site productivity) and site index-III (low site producti...
Naimat Ullah Khan1,2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Nisar Ahmad3, Ayesha Hassan1, Sultan Ayaz2, Sajid Umar4, Muhammad Luqman Sohail5,*, Muhammad Shafee6, Ikramullah Khan7, Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Azmat Ullah Khan8, Naimat Ullah Malik1 and Abdul Razzaq9
Rafi Ullah1, Sarzamin Khan1,*, Abdul Hafeez1, Asad Sultan1, Nazir Ahmad Khan2, Naila Chand1 and Naseer Ahmad1
...valuate the effect of replacing soybean meal with silkworm meal on production performance, hematology and carcass traits in broilers at finisher phase. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were uttered with the step-wise i.e. 0% (D1), 25% (D2), 50% (D3), 75% (D4) and 100% (D5) replacement of soybean meal with silkworm meal in commercial broiler rations. A total of 150 day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randoml...
Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1,*, Riyadh S. Aljumaah1, Moez Ayadi1 and Shabana Naz2
...lus in Naemi ewes during late gestation. Thirty Naemi ewes were divided into two groups. One group served as a control while the other was treated with rumen bolus of trace elements containing copper (Cu) cobalt (Co); selenium (Se), manganese (Mn); zinc (Zn) and iodine (I). Blood samples were collected from ewes and their newborns at parturition. Colostrum yield and biochemical analysis at parturition was also determined. A significant (P<0.05) increase of ...
Wenqiao Hui1, Jishun Tang1, Dejian Zhu1, Qian Ban2* and Sheng Chen1*
...dity. However, the molecular mechanism of puberty onset has not been well understood. It has been demonstrated leptin act as a critical metabolic cue linking adipose and the onset of puberty. In the present study, we first assessed the morphological changes in adipose tissue at pre-puberty and puberty onset stages of goats, and then determined the role of leptin to activate signaling pathways which modulate the expression of...
Muzammil Sattar
...iet of adult Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens). Results show that proteins play a vital role in the fecundity, fertility and all the biological parameters of F1 for mass rearing. The tested proteins were: Casein, Protein hydrolysate, Torula yeast and Nu lure. Al these proteins were tested in laboratory at four concentrations, i.e., 1...
Muhammad Ayaz1,*, Muhammad Athar Abbas2, Pervez3, Noorulain3, Yasir Amin1, Zubair Ali3, Naila Siddique2 and Khalid Naeem2
...lign: justify;">A surveillance of avian influenza viruses in Hazara region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan was carried out from April 2013 through September 2014. Pooled morbid material and fecal samples from 600 different locations across the region were analyzed for isolation. Isolation was carried out on embryonated chicken eggs. Identification of H protein was undertaken through hem agg...
Yun Wang1,*, Lei Guan1, Jiding Chen1, Yaping Kong1, Lang Si2 and Asif Shah3
...t. Understanding the overlapping impact of QTH and QTR on ungulates will facilitates locating the route selection parameters for the proposed upcoming expressway. Using the procedures of field investigation along QTH during months of May, August and December in 2014 and 2015, we recorded the occurrence frequency, number of ungulates, and the perpendicula...
Nasar Khan1,2, Fahad Ali3,7, Sulaiman Bahadar5,*, Khalil ur Rahman3, Abdul Aziz3, Noor ul Akbar4, Muhammad Daud6, Azam Hayat5 and Mujaddad ur Rehman5
... hepatitis B, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis. A total of 659 HBsAg ELISA positive patients out of 16825 patients during July to October, 2013 were screened for HBV by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Out of 659, 522 (79.21%) were found positive for HBV, of which 318 (over all 4.4%) were male, while 341 (over all 3.55%) were female. The HBV PCR positivity rate was 80.18% (n=255) in males and 78.30% (n=267) in females patients. Among different ...
Muhammad Ashfaq,1 Shamim Akhtar,2 Saleem Akhtar2,* and Mariyam Masood2
...n working with field populations at larger scale. The current study used morphology and DNA sequences from mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase I) and nuclear (internal transcribed spacer I) genes to identify the hyperparasitoid Promuscidea unfasciativentris. The successful PCR-based detection of hyperparasitism is promising for designing strategies for the biological control program of cotton mealybug.
...
Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1*,Ibrahim Alhidary1, Abdullah H. Alyemni2, Rifat U. Khan3, Abdel Raouf S. Bello4, Mohamed Y. Al-Saiady2 and Ramzi A. Amran1
...ormance of growing Naemi lambs fed TMR. Four groups, each of 3 months old growing Naemi male lambs (28.85±1.09 kg), were fed on TMR (NDF=41. 95%) (T1). TMR plus 100 g alfalfa hay (NDF= 43.3%) daily (T2), TMR plus 200 g alfalfa hay (NDF= 43.3%) every two days (T3) and TMR plus 300 g alfalfa hay (NDF= 43.3%) every three days (T4). Rumen fluid samples were analyzed for volatile fatty a...
Javeria1, Masroor Ellahi Babar2,*, Tanveer Hussain2, Rashid Saif2, Sadaf Rashid3, Hanan Sarfraz4, Abbas Ali Shah3, Muhammad Wasim1 and Muhammad Abdullah1
...ng Pakistani Punjabi population. We recruited a total of 100 patients diagnosed with OCD following Diagnostic Statistical Manual-IV (DSM-IV) criteria and controls (n=120) were selected from the same ancestry during August 2011 to January 2014fromSir Ganga Ram Hospital and Panjab Institute of Mental Health, Lahore. The demographic values for age, employment and marital status did not differ significantly among case and control groups. Exonic regions of BDNF ...
Sidra Manzoor1,Asif Nadeem1,*, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Wasim Shehzad1, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Muhammad Imran1, Tanveer Hussain2, Abdul Wajid1 and Maryam Javed1
...) in the 3’-untranslated region (3’-UTR) of the gene. Association test was performed to analyze its relation with milk composition but it was found non-significant in all analyzed traits. So, it was inferred that it might be due to environmental or epigenetic effect, sampling number or a breed difference. To know the functional consequences of the identified polymorphism, RNA secondary structure analysis was perf...
Mehwish Faheem1,*, Saba Khaliq2 and Khalid Parvez Lone2
...phenol-A, juvenile Catla catla was exposed to graded concentrations of bisphenol-A (10,100,1000μg/l) for 14 days. BPA exposure strongly elevates vtg mRNA level in fish exposed to 100μg/l but at 1000 μg/l exposure of BPA, vtg level decreased compared to 100µg/l exposed fish. These results showed that BPA has estrogenic action and cause endocrine disruption in juvenile C. cat
Azhar Abbas Khan1,*, Arif Muhammad Khan2 and Muhammad Afzal3
...justify;">The seven-spot ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata L. is a generalist predator and prefer soft bodied insects. Semiochemicals released by the plants in response to herbivorous attack influences third trophic level and natural enemies use these substances to locate their prey. Twelve-arm olfactory apparatus was used to evaluate the response of C. septempunctata...
Jianping Gou, Jianli Xiong*, Baoxia Dong, Zhennan Liu and Manman Hou
...tomach, small intestine, large intestine, lung, and gonads compared to males; however, liver and fat bodies did not differ between the sexes. The sex difference of these organs may contribute to different energy requirements for reproduction between males and females. Our findings suggest that female toads invest considerable resources into gamete production compared to males, and greater internal organs in females are a consequences of high energy requirement...
Shahid Iqbal Khattak1*, Mohammad Safdar Baloch1, Khalid Naveed2 and Ejaz Ahmad Khan1
...ly (P≤0.05) affected plant height (89 cm), tillers m-2 (313), grains spike-1 (48), 1000-grain weight (43.0 g) and economic yield (3760 kg ha-1). Foliar applied nitrogen also produced higher nitrogen use efficiency, net return, value cost ratio and relative increase in income as compared to soil applied method. However, maximum grain protein content was recorded in soil applied method in comparison to foliar N application....
Khurram Shahzad and Mohammad Akmal*
... status of Pakistan is relatively poor in N and organic matter contents. Because of changing rainfall patterns due to changes in the weather conditions and/or climatic change responses observed in the world, the split application of N is beneficial to the crops in terms to avoid N-mobility in the soil and improve its use efficiency for crops. This study, therefore, aimed to identify split applicarion of N rates and timings for wheat performance in recent weath...
Umer Wahid1, Shahid Ali2* and Nihal Ahmad Hadi3
...y of tomato growers in Malakand district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A sample of 120 tomato growers was selected employing multistage sampling technique. An interview schedule was used for data collection during November-January, 2016. Maximum likelihood technique was used for the estimation of the Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production model. After running various econometrics software the output of the Frontier 4...
Naveed Muhammad, Syed Attaullah Shah*, Abbas Ullah Jan, Irfan Ullah, Muhammad Ibrahim and Salman Khan
...mato growers. A Cobb-Douglas type production model is used to estimate tomato yield and identify important factors affecting yield. Ordinary Least Square estimates for the model indicate that machinery, seed quantity, labor, number of irrigation, chemicals spray and fertilizers have positive significant effects on tomato yield. Allocative efficiency analysis reveals that machinery, seed quantity, number of irrigation, fertil...
Muhammad Mansoor1, Amanullah1, Zafar Islam2*,Sher Muhammad3, Muhammad Umair4, Mehmood Ayaz5, Asghar Ali Khan6, Muhammad Asif2 and Ya Sakina3
...;">Abstract | Inqalab Mung (DM-3) was developed through cross between VC1482 C (AVRDC line Vigna cross, bold seeded, small stature and susceptible to Mungbean Yellow Mosac Virus (MYMV) and NM-92 (a promising variety of Pakistan, bold seeded, high yielding and MYMV resistant) at Agricultural Research Institute, Dera Ismail Khan. Inqalab Mung was tested in various experiments for production technology and yield tri...
Furukh Faiz1,2, Muhammad Issa Khan2, Masood Sadiq2 and Haq Nawaz3
...with the broiler feed replacing maize from the feed at 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%. 225 birds were reared in 5 treatments and 3 replications of each treatment having 15 birds in each replication. The chicks were being provided with the standard conditions for light, water, vaccination and experimental feed for 42 days. The body weight gain, feed intake and the feed conversion ratio was observed weekly. After 42 day of the growth, the birds were s
Oaj Khurshid1*, Naureen Aurangzeb1, Ayaz Khan1, Alia Naz1, Abdullah khan1, Sobia Nisa2 and Sehrish Sajawal3
...eshawar having the a population more than 2 million. Outcomes of MSW investigation showed the occurrence of great proportion of Decomposable organic matter, adequate moisture content and C/N ratio. On windrow composting, not only the bulk of the waste was compacted but also formed a powdery earthy stinking soil-like, compost material. All valued factors in the compost samples were found to be within the acceptable limits set by international standard. The pH f...
Shah Saud Ahmad and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan*
...st (60%) respondents had landholdings up to five acres and majority (77%) respondents were involved on full time basis in agriculture whereas 80% of the respondents reported agriculture as their major source of income. FSC was the major source of agricultural information followed by agriculture extension department. More than half of the respondents (i.e. 60%) reported that FSC arranged trainings for them regarding their capacity building. Fertilizer applicati...
Ayesha Ilyas1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan2,* and Abdul Qadir1,*
...racts of six indigenous plants viz., amaltas (Cassia fistula), datura (Datura alba), neem (Azadirachta indica), niazboo (Ocimum basilicum), yellow kaner (Thevetia peruviana) and safeda (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) against the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders), at 2% concentration in a free choice bioassays. Acetone, chloroform, petroleum ether and ethanol were...
Hazrat Ali1,*, Wajid Ali1, Karim Ullah1, Fazle Akbar1, Sher Ahrar1, Irfan Ullah1, Irum Ahmad1, Ashfaq Ahmad1, Ikram Ilahi2 and Muhammad Anwar Sajad3
...vy metals leads to accumulation of these elements in aquatic biota including fish. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish is of public health concern because fish are an important part of human diet. The present study was conducted to investigate the bioaccumulation of two heavy metals, Cu and Zn, in muscles of two economically important fish species, an herbivorous fish Schizothorax p...
Madiha Hashmi1, Abid Hussain1, Shafiq ur Rehman1, Farida Ahmed2, Shahbaz Aslam3,Nadeem Afzal4 and Zaigham Abbas1,*
...itute of Health (NIH), Islamabad. Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) genes are located on the short arm of the chromosome number 6 and position 21 and the allele frequency is associated with allergy. The study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the aero-allergens and the frequency of H
Aneela Qureshi1, Ammara Ainee1*, Muhammad Nadeem1, Masooma Munir1,2*, Tahir Mahmood Qureshi1, Saqib Jabbar2
...it cakes were made by replacing fat in different proportion with grape fruit albedo powder. The effect of fiber source on physicochemical, sensory attributes and microbiological properties of fruit cakes were examined during 30 days of storage. Results showed that with varying fiber content water activity, texture, color, moisture, fat, protein, ash, NFE and fiber content changed significantly (p<0.05). Gross energy level in cake which is desirable by consu...
Huseyin Sasi1* and Gulcin G. Ozay2
... growth, length-weight relationship and reproduction. The study was conducted in upper Akcay River between June 2012 and May 2013. Monthly data showed that native fish chub were aboundantly with other native fish (Acanthobrama mirabilis) in upper Akcay River. The age distribution for both females and males of S. cephalus populationwas betweenI-VII, and the second age group was found at maximum rate of 30.60%. T...
Wu Yi-qun* and Xu Xiu
...g behavior account for a large proportion from 11:30 to 12:00, reach a trough from 13:30 to 14:00 and increase from 14:00. Lying behavior reaches a maximum proportion from 13:30 to 14:00. Correlation analysis on the wintering behaviors shows that there is a significant positive correlation (P < 0.05) between feeding and walking, air movement and chasing behavior, and the positive corre<...
Farah Ashfaq* and Tasnim Farasat
...ork was to examine the relationship of serum resistin with metabolic markers in obese Pakistani subjects. Anthropometric parameters including age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-hip ratio (WHR), diastolic and systolic blood pressure, lipid profile and fasting glucose, serum resistin and insulin of three hundred over weight, obese males and females, 17 to 30 years and 100 comparable control subjects were included. Serum resistin and insulin, ...
Sogolo L. Lebelo1,* and Gerhard van der Horst2
... cells with other testicular cells. The Leydig cells occur as a group of polymorphic cells in the intertubular region, and are usually associated with large and small blood vessels and abundant loose connective tissue. Leydig cells have large spherical or slightly elongated nuclei, which possess prominent nuclei and frequently deep indentations of nuclea...
Muhammad Imran Shabbir
...d of inheriting a particular trait can be predicted. This fundamental approach is the basis for plant and animal breeding to get desired varieties as well as performing genetic analysis including prediction of patterns of inheritance in family lines and to calculate the recurrence risk for relatives etc. Punnett square is used to describe the possible co...
Noor Islam1, Muhammad Amjad2, Ehsan ul Haq3, Elizabeth Stephen1 and Falak Naz4
...parasitic mites, Tropilaelaps clareae is causing greater damage to Apis mellifera colonies and major economic losses (a serious threat) to beekeeping industry in Pakistan. Seven treatments including five essential oils of basil (Ocimum basilicum), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), oregano (Origanium vulgare), lemon (Citrus lemon) and thyme (Thym...
Mazher Abbas1, Irfan Mahmood1*, Arshed Bashir1, Tahir Mehmood2, Khalid Mahmood1 and Zubair Ikram1
...n practices however postulate positive and significant impact of citrus producing experience and family income on adoption of recommended number of irrigation and hoeing practices whereas age has significant negative impact on the adoption of hoeing practice and fertilizer applications. Positive and significant impact of family income is influencing the adoption of every recommended practice. The present paper concluded that various human resource factors like...
Dilshad Ahmad*, Muhammad Irfan Chani and Asad Afzal Humayon
...sites for increasing population unfeasible without sustainable agriculture growth. Forecasting plays an imperative role in adjusting the vision and applicability regarding aspirations. The study attempted to forecast major crops area, production, yield and per capita food availability using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. Sixty-seven years annual time series data fr...
Predicting Honey Production using Data Mining and Artificial Neural Network Algorithms in Apiculture
Koksal Karadas1* and Ibrahim Hakki Kadırhanogullari2
... network algorithm (Multilayer Perceptron, MLP) were evaluated comparatively. Several factors thought as independent variables in the survey were age of beekeeper (AB), education level (EL), number of full beehives (NFB), bee race (BR), the time spent in plateau (TSP), feed of autumn and spring (FAS), working period in apiculture during year (WPA), frequency of changing queen (FCQ), and controlling beehives in summer (CFB), ...
Hassen Allaya1,2,*, Abderraouf Ben Faleh1, Manel Rebaya1, Sonia Zrelli3, Abdallah Hattour2, Jean-Pierre Quignard4 and Monia Trabelsi1
...n specimens from two populations could be caused by differences in genetic structure or environmental conditions.
...
Aftab Wajid1, Ashfaq Ahmad1, Muhammad Awais2, Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman3*, M. Aown Sammar Raza2, Usman Bashir2, Muhammad Naveed Arshad1, Sana Ullah4, Muhammad Irfan5 and Umair Gull1
...tly contributed to the related traits of cotton growth, seed cotton yield and yield attributes. Increasing N increments reveals a positive association with biomass accumulation (growth), yield and yield associated components. Among N increments, 200 kg ha-1 achieved more number of bolls per plant (31.00), average weight per boll (3.48 g) and ultimately lead to higher seed cotton yield (2.4...
A. Hamid1,*, M. Ilyas2 and S. Kalsoom3
...ia leading to cardiovascular diseases are very common problem in Pakistan and in most cases it is caused due to insufficient intake of dietary fiber.A study was conducted to evaluate the role of dietary fiber and ß-glucan from major food grains used locally on plasma cholesterol level of dietary-induced hypercholesterolemic rats. Insoluble dietary fiber (lignin and cellulose) was extracted from wheat and maize, while &...
Vladimir Avdalovic1, Marijana Vucinic2, Radmila Resanovic3, Jelena Avdalovic4, Danka Maslic-Strizak5 and Milos Vucicevic3*
...her it is possible to replace the chopped wheat straw with newly formulated pelleted straw taking into account the prevalence and severity of footpad dermatitis (FPD) in broiler chickens. The study included 300 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers. One group of broilers was reared on chopped wheat straw (the particle length of straw ≥ 10 cm). The second group was kept on newly formulated pelle...
Niamatullah Khan1*, Najeeb Ullah2, Inam Ullah2 and Asif Imran Shah1
...um L.), the White Gold, plays a vital role in Pakistan’s economy. It is affected by variable environmental conditions throughout the country which confines its production. Two years field research was conducted at Cotton Research Station, Dera Ismail Khan to assess the impacts of six sowing dates on yield and yield attributing traits of seven cotton varieties during 2015 and 2016. The experiment was laid out in split p...
Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
...tension Officers (AEOs) plays a crucial character regarding agricultural and rural development of Pakistan through supervision and administration of agricultural activities. The current study was carried out to measure the level of competency of AEOs in skills regarding management of supervision and administration that is considered necessary in order to deal with farmers where a wide range of variations exists in their personalities and habits. A significant ...
Shuangye Wang1, Yunlin Zhao1, Zhenggang Xu1,2,*, Li Li3, Liang Wu1, Choucang Duan1 and Jiao Peng1
...n of introduced Milu(Elaphurus davidianus), also known as Père David’s Deer, to their new environment, this study was designed to track and observe 16 Milu, which were released in the Dongting Lake wetland area from Jiangsu, from April 4 to May 12, 2016, using instantaneous scanning and recorded 486 observations. Nineteen types of behaviour were observed which were clas...
Saba Irshad1,*, Ayesha Ashfaq1, Ammara Muazzam1 and Abida Yasmeen2
...="text-align: justify;">Plant extracts have been used as an active antimicrobial compound since long. The present study was intended to validate the antimicrobial, antidiarrheal and anticancer activity of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), used in Pakistani cuisine to enrich flavour and to treat infectious wounds. Their crude ethanol and methanol ...
Adnan Yousaf1,Jia Wu1, Qaiser Shakeel2, Yasir Iftikhar3, Muhammad Irfan Ullah4, Uzma Tahira5,Mustansar Mubeen1 and Wubei Dong1,*
.../b> C-72, Sanam, C-73, Gola Peshawari, 27-2010, Tata Puri, C-302, C-33, C-19, 5-2010, C-68, 11-2010, 18-2010 and 15-2010 were evaluated against M. incognita and S. rolfsii. Two week old chilies plants were inoculated with M. incognita, S. rolfsii separately and in combination as well. At harvesting, roots of C-302 contained significantly fewer galls (30) and egg-masses...
Wesam Hasan Mohamed Mady1*, Bing Liu2, Dong Huang2, Abdel Satar Arafa1, Mohamed Khalifa Hassan1, Mona Mehrez Aly1, Pucheng Chen2, Yongping Jiang2* and Hualan Chen2
...ce both humoral and cellular immune responses against antigens encoded by recombinant DNA. The goal of this study was to construct Egy-H5 plasmid DNA-based vaccine against a currently circulating avian influenza virus H5N1 strain in Egypt targeting the HA gene. The HA gene of AIV Egyptian strain H5N1 was codon optimized for chicken biased codon and sub-cloned into pCAGGS mammalian expressi...
Yijin He1, Song Ma2, Bo Liu1,*, Ting Xue1, Qunlan Zhou1, Wu Jin1 and Kui Chen2,*
...s different between speculated fusion proteins. Under bioinformatics analysis, the T2R1 gene without introns was consistent with the structural domains characteristics of this family genes. The translation protein of T2R1 gene displayed with corresponding signal loci and functional domains of this gene family, and the result showed that the taste receptor trans
Murad Ali1, Farmanullah Khan1, Wiqar Ahmad2* and Imran Khan1
Muhammad Hanif1,*, Naureen Rana1, Muhammad Akbar Khan2, Muhammad Javed1 and Muhammad Sajjad Khan1
...district Attock, Potwar Plateau, Punjab, Pakistan has been described. The fossiliferous sites, Dhok Mila of Nagri Formation (early Late Miocene) and Kaulial Kas of Dhok Pathan Formation (Late Miocene – Early Pliocene) are located in district Attock, Punjab, Pakistan. The recovered material comprises isolated premolars and mo
Ghulam Abbas1,Asif Nadeem1,*, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Tanveer Hussain2, Muhammad Sajid Tahir3, Wasim Shehzad1, Rajput Zahid Iqbal3, Muhammad Tayyab1 and Maryam Javed1
...natural resources. Molecular methods have an important role in phylogeny and diversity analysis. In Pakistan hog deer (Axis porcinus) is an important wild species belongs to the family Cervidae. The hog deer is one of the least studied species at molecular level in Pakistan. The present study was planned to investigate its molecular phylogeny and ...
Muhammad Ibrahim and Ahmad Khan*
...sparent and blue colour plastic) and 250 kg N ha-1 sources (control, 100, 70, 50, 0% from FYM with the remaining from urea). Phenological stages (tasseling, silking, and physiological maturity) occurred earlier in no-mulch practice, but emergence in plastic mulching. Plants took less days to emergence (6 days) in 70% FYM, however, tasseling (45 days), silking (49 days) and physiological ma...
Syed Makhdoom Hussain1,*, Tasneem Hameed1, Muhammad Afzal2, Arshad Javid3, Nosheen Aslam4, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah6, Majid Hussain5, Muhammad Zubair ul Hassan Arsalan1 and Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad1
...lityof Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings fed sunflower meal based diet. The chromic oxide was added as inert marker in the diets. Three replicate groups of 15 fish (Average weight 5.05±0.013 g fish-1) were fed at the rate of 5% of live wet weigh and feces were collected twice daily. The results of present study showed improved growth performance of Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings in response to phyt...
Rahat Naseer1*, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Zulfiqar-ul-Hassan2, H. Rehman1, Saima Naveed1, F. Masood1 and M. Tayyab1
...tential as wheat bran replacer in total mixed rations for the ruminants. For this purpose rice husk was subjected to different processing techniques using acid, alkali, water treatment and fermentation to prepare processed moiety on pilot scale. All these processed materials were included in experimental ration at a fixed level (20 %). All iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous rations were offered to experimental animals (n=36, 22 male 14 female Lohi sheep almost ev...
Ali Karabacak1, Senol Celik2, Adile Tatliyer3, Ismail Keskin1, Yakup Erdal Erturk4, Ecevit Eyduran5, Yasir Javed6 and Mohammad Masood Tariq7,*
...n Square Error (RMSE), Relative Approximation Error (RAE), and Pearson correlation coefficient between actual and predicted values were calculated. For both Models, CHAID and CART were chosen as the best algorithms in the estimation of CCW trait, whereas only CHAID was the ideal tree-based algorithm in the estimation of BW trait. In conclusion, the determination of the best data mining alg...
Muhammad Abid1*, Tahir Yaqub2, Arslan Mehboob3 and Muhammad Zubair Shabbir4
...rmine the phylogenetic relationship of currently prevailing H9N2 isolates in Pakistan. A sum of ten H9N2 AIVs were isolated from 400 suspected samples and were confirmed through serological and molecular assays. The sequence analysis of NA genes shown 99% homology with the H9N2 AIV recently isolated from Pakistan and t...
Attaullah Khan1, Muhammad Shafi1*, Jehan Bakht2 and Shazma Anwar1
...0% and 73.89%), tillers plant-1(2.83 and 3.49), leaves plant-1(11.44 and 12.79), leaf area (21.47cm2 and 25.20cm2) and more days to emergence (9.92 and 8.98), was recorded from salinity levels of 135mM and 90mM, respectively compared with maximum germination (94.80%), tillers plant-1 (4.42), leaves plant-1 (17.45), leaf area (32.10cm2) less number of day...
Sania Shaheen1*, Hina Fatima2 and Muhammad Azeem Khan3
...inly using for the transplanting of rice paddle (Conventional method) and Direct seeded method (Dry method) in rice growing areas of Punjab. In last some years, the direct seeded rice system is introduced in some of the rice cropping districts of Pakistan. The current research estimate the technical efficiency of conventional and dry rice farmers and also determine the factors which significantly contribute to increase the r...
Rais Ahmed1,*, Khushi Muhammad1, Masood Rabbani1 and Muhammad Sarwar Khan2
...lign: justify;">Brucella species are cause of abortions and other reproductive disorders in animals and human beings. In this project, prevalence and distribution of soil borne Brucella species in nine districts of Punjab including Lahore, Faisalabad, Sheikhupura, Sargodha, D.G. Khan, Chakwal, Sahiwal, Gujranwala and Attock were determined....
Kanwer Shahzad Ahmed1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,*, Muhammad Ather Rafi2, Fatima Sellami3 and Muhammad Afzal1
... Sargodha, Shahpur and Silanwali). A total of 1,470 coccinellid specimens were collected from all types of vegetation and were identified up to species level by means of external morphology, published descriptions and male genitalia micrometry. Nine species were identified belonging to 9 genera and 4 subfamilies occurring along with 10 trophic associations. Five species viz; Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus 1758), ...
Muhammad Aslam Farooqi1,*, Mansoor-ul-Hasan2, Sohail Akhtar1, Muhammad Arshad2, Muhammad Naveed Aslam3 and Muhammad Rafay4
...mples were 74-92% with relative standard deviation less than 20%. The residues of imidacloprid, endosulfan and deltamethrin were detected with a range of 0.005-0.055 mg/kg while other insecticides were not detected in any samples. The results obtained, point the urgent need to establish reliable monitoring programs in honey.
...
Ahmed Zein Elabdeen Mahmoud1, Muaz Magzob Abdellatif2* and Mohamed Abdelsalam Abdalla3
...ulent to bloody nasal/ocular discharges, watery to bloody diarrhea and lameness. The major gross lesions were erosive stomatitis, hemorrhages in lung, liver, abomasum, small and large intestine. PPRV NP was detected in sheep (n=20) and goats (n=18), anti-PPRV NP was also detected among sheep and goats (n=162) by ELISA, 3ABC-FMD enzyme immunoassay were positive (n=6) when ovine sera were te...
Wali Khan1, Naushad Khan2 and Shaista Naz2*
...the agency (i.e; Khar, Salarzai, and Nawagai). The data were collected from the sampled bee keepers using a pretested questionnaire by face to face interview in 2014 production period. The collected data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, descriptive statistics, rank orders and paired t-test. Findings revealed that bee keeping is one of the important economic activities in the area with an average annual income of Rs. 527,275/- per household. Result...
Fareeda Tasneem1, Farah Rauf Shakoori1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori2,*
...uenced in ten locally isolated strains of Paramecium species including a standing-alone on the basis of 18SrDNA gene sequence strain FT8. In order to readdress the relationships of FT8 strain with other strains of Paramecium species, a molecular phylogenetic analysis was performed on the basis of H4 gene sequences. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the aligned sequenc...
Netti Aryani1, Azrita2, Ainul Mardiah3 and Hafrijal Syandri2*
...biomass of fish was calculated, and the amount of feed was adjusted. The feeding rate significantly (p< 0.05) influenced the final fish weight, net weight gain (NWG), average daily growth (ADG), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The maximum growth of giant gourami was found at 6% feeding rate. However, the best feed conversion ratio (1.34±0.18) was obtained at the 4% feeding rate. The carcass composition (crude protein and ...
Sumaira Maqsood1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1,Waqas Wakil2 andMuhammad Hussnain Babar3
...a wide range of bollworm larvae in both agricultural and horticultural crpos. Flubendiamide is a new chemistry insecticide which also controls bollworm effectively and relatively safer for natural enemies and beneficial arthropods. Present investigations were carried out to determine their impact on larval mortality, pupal and adult emergence of 2nd and 4th instar
Talha Nazir1,2,*, Muhammad Dildar Gogi2, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Waheed ul Hassan2, Abdul Hanan2 and Muhammad Jalal Arif2
...secticides viz.; Blaster 72.5%WP (imidacloprid + acephate), Bugatti 50%SC (imidacloprid + bifenthrin), Confidor 20%SL (imidacloprid), Jozer 202SL (imidacloprid + acetamiprid), Pouch 35%SC (pyriproxyfen + etofenprox) and Senator 41.6%EC (imidacloprid + pyriproxyfen) against sucking insect pest complex and also determined their side-effect on natural enemies of these insect pests such as ants, parasitoid wasps, green la...
Mehran Kausar1,2, Naveed Ashraf3, Farzana Hayat4, Asraf Hussain Hashmi1, Saima Siddiqi1,* and Mariam Anees2
...ls, and an obtuse mandibular. The present study was conducted to determine the underlying genetic cause of Pycnodysostosis in a family from Azad Kashmir, Pakistan presenting with symptoms of multiple recurrent fractures, short stature, increased bone density and stubby hands. We performed direct sequencing of CTSK for five members of the family to find out the causative mutation. All coding exons of CTSK gene were amplified and sequenced in the a...
Ayşe Gül Harlıoğlu*
...s, eyed embryo, yolk-sac larvae and absorbed yolk-sac larvae were investigated in rainbow trout(O. mykiss). The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were found the highest followed by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the unfertilized eggs. On the other hand, PUFA was the highest followed by SFA and MUFA in the semen. The proportions of the some fatty acids, such as C14:0, C16:1n-7, C...
Tiansen Li1, Meiling Huang2, Zhen Wang1,Fei Guo3,Hui Zhang1,* and Chuangfu Chen1,*
...lign: justify;">Brucella is pathogenic bacteria that cause animal and human brucellosis. Currently, the mechanism behind the pathogenesis of Brucella remains unclear. For this reason omp10 mutant was constructed to examine the impacts of the outer membrane protein 10 (Omp10) on bacterial survival, virulence, phagosome-lysosome fusion, and apoptosis induction, as assessed in appropriate in vitro (c...
Muhammad Ibrahim1,2*, Syed Jawad Ahmad Shah1, Shaukat Hussain2, Musharaf Ahmad2 and Farhatullah3
...cluding Pakistan. Surveillance for yellow rust occurrence, distribution and impact on wheat landscape was carried out along with recent deployment status of cultivars during 2012 in northwest Pakistan located close to the center of diversity of P. striiformis f.sp. tritici. Around 1600 wheat fields were sampled covering a geographical area of little less than 5000 acres in the southern, central and northern zones located in ...
Muhammad Arslan Khan1,*, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Imran-ul-haq1 and Rashad Waseem Khan2
... fungi and nematodes population. Maximum disease prevalence was recorded in Tibba Sultanpur (100%) and Dunyapur (88%) whereas disease incidence calculated was 5% and 4.4%, respectively, in these areas. Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) was frequently isolated (78%) from roots as well as in soil samples (81.7%) collected from infected fields. Among ne...
Raza Ullah1*, Qaisar Shah Safi2, Ghaffar Ali3 and Irfan Ullah3
...f citrus group. Three villages in Bunir district are randomly selected and a total of 120 sampled respondents are selected using proportional allocation method. The findings revealed that majority of the farmers sold their orchards to the pre-harvest contractors. The most widely used marketing channel was producers selling their orchard to pre-harvest contractor who then harvest the orchard, pack the produce and transport it to the market where the produce is ...
Usman Waheed1,*, Humayoon Shafique Satti2, Muhammad Arshad3, Ahmed Farooq3, Abdul Rauf4 and Hasan Abbas Zaheer1,5
...need for HIV prevention plan that should emphasize on raising awareness and promote use of preventive measures to limit HIV/AIDS and syphilis infections in HRGs especially among the HSWs and FSWs.
...
Kadir Karakuş1, Bahat Comba2, Abuzer Taş3, Tunahan Sancak3, Arzu Comba2, Devrim Saripinar Aksu4, Hasan Koyun5 and Mohammad Masood Tariq6,*
... was taken from vena jugularis of the animals before the application and every two months for a total of 4 times for 6 months and hormone analyses were performed. The order of statistical significance for TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) were found as Surgical > Control > Formol (P <0.05). The order of statistical significance for growth hormone was Formol = Surgery > Control (P<0.05). In August month, the ap...
Kulsoom Akhter1, Tahseen Ghous1,2,Saiqa Andleeb3,*, Faiz-ul-Hassan Nasim4, Samina Ejaz5, Zain-ul-Abdin1, Bilal Ahmed Khan1 and Muhammed Naeem Ahmed1
...sent study deals with isolation, identification and characterization of some indigenous heavy metal resistant bacteria isolated from rhizosphere of Tagetes minuta, growing in soil adjoining automobile workshops to investigate their bioaccumulation capacity for three selected metals Cr(VI), Ni(II) and Cd(II). The plant was selected due to its natur...
Ibrahim A. Alhidary1,*, Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1, Riyadh S. Aljumaah1, Abdullah H. Alyemni2, Moez A. Ayadi1,3 and Mohamed Y. Al-Saiady2
...characteristics in Naemi lambs. Fifty growing Naemi lambs at age of three months with an average bodyweight of 27.77 ±1.09 kg were randomly distributed to five different treatments, ten lambs each, as follow: 1. Alfalfa hay and barley grain (ABG); 2. Pelleted alfalfa hay and barley (PAB); 3. TMR1 (25.67% NDF); 4. TMR2 (30.88% NDF); and 5. TMR3 (55.93% NDF). Lambs were housed in an i...
Kamran A. Awan1, Jawad Ali2 and Mohammad Akmal3
...Pakistan. Wheat crop is planted on more than 52% area as rainfed crop in the providence Khyber Pakhtunkhuwa (KP). The study, therefore, aims to plant wheat in season from early to late i.e. November 15 to December 25 with about 10 days intervals. Field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, the University of Agriculture Peshawar in winter season 2015-16. Experiment was in a ra...
Fawad Ali1*, Hidayat Ullah2, Ikhtiar Khan1
...igated soil, their accumulation in vegetables, and potential human health risks. The results reveal that Cr concentration in the wastewater, Cd and Zn in soil and in vegetables have been found well above the permissible limits of World Health Organization (WHO) which may lead to a detrimental effect on soil quality, leading to food contamination. The extractable concentration of metals viz Pb, Cr, Cd and Zn through ammonium bicarbonate diethylenetriaminpenta a...
Naila Chand1,*, Shabana Naz2, Hamza Maris1, Rifat Ullhah Khan1, Sarzamin Khan1 and Muhammad Subhan Qureshi1
...ustify;">This study was planned to investigate the effects of betaine supplementation on growth performance and immunity in broilers under natural summer stress. A total of one hundred and twenty day-old broiler chicks were divided into four different treatment groups such as Bet-0, Bet-1.0, Bet-1.5, Bet-2.0 having betaine supplementation at the rate of 0, 1, 1.5 and 2 g/kg feed, respectively. Significantly (P<0.05) higher weekly and total feed intake and w...
Muhammad Abdullah1,*, Rashid A. khan2, Muhammad Rafay3, Tanveer Hussain3, Tahira Ruby4,Fariha Rehman5, Sangam Khalil3 and Sohail Akhtar6
...tivity present work was planned to collect the preliminary information about habitat requirements and different breeding aspects of Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis). The fieldwork was performed for two years (2012, 2013) at three different stations in the surrounding area of Faisalabad. Based on results it was concluded that Cattle egrets are colonial breeders and colonies were monospecific with no other ardeidae members ...
Hameeda Kalhoro1, Abdul Malik2,Ghulam Abbas2,*, Illahi Bux Kalhoro3, Sajjad Ali Shah4and Haleema Kalhoro3
...rulius) cultured in plastic tanks (42.5 liters water carrying capacity each). Fish juveniles (length: 10.63 ±0.980 cm, weight: 9.030±1.40g) were stocked after acclimatization. A total of 3 treatments were tested following 2 replications i.e. first treatment (T1, Squid feed), second treatment (T2, Tubifex feed) and third treatment (T3, pellet feed). Juveniles were fed with 5% of total biomass twice in a day. At...
Tanveer Ahmad1, Hafiz Sultan Mahmood1*, Zulfiqar Ali1, Muhammad Azeem Khan2 and Shahid Zia3
...tural Research Centre, Islamabad. The prototype machine was tested for fibre extraction. Results indicated that sisal fibre production capacity of this machine was 15.94 kg h-1 (dry fibre). Average yield of dry sisal fibre was 3.2% of green leaf weight and average fibre length was 1348.9 mm per leaf. Average power required to decorticate sisal leaves was 3.1 kW. Operating cost of sisal decorticator together with a combing machine was Rs. 507.9 h
Muhammad Tariq Saeed1*, Muhammad Ashfaq Wahid1, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem1, Mumtaz Akhtar Cheema2, Muhammad Shahid1, Abdul-Shakoor1, Abdul-Sattar3
...sity of Agriculture Faisalabad, during spring 2011. The experiment was composed of two soybean varieties (Faisal Soybean and 95-1) and five priming techniques (control, on-farm priming, hydro priming, hydration inoculation and osmo priming with 0.5% urea solution. Results revealed that hydro priming, on-farm priming and hydration inoculation significantly reduced the time to 50% emergence ...
Shazia Rasheed1,* and Javed Mustaquim2
... present study, 5356 octolasmids hosted by two Portunus crabs, Potunus pelagicus and p. sanguinolentus, they belong to five species; namely Octolasmis angulata (Aurivillius, 1894), O. cor (Aurivillius, 1894), O. lowei (Darwin, 1851), O. tridens (Aurivillius, 1894) and O. warwickii Gray, 1825....
Omar S.O. Amer1,3,*, Mohamed I. Waly2,4 andSaeed A. Al-Zahrani1
...= 205, 1.8%), Giardia lamblia (n= 178, 1.6%), Entamoeba histolytica (n= 174, 1.57%), Trichuris trichiura (n= 118, 1.06%), Hymenolepis nana (n= 51, 0.46 %), Enterobius vermicularis (n= 28, 0.25%) and Taenia saginata (n= 21, 0.19%) respectively. The prevalence rate of these parasites in males and females as well as different age groups per month / year is provided. Intestinal parasitic...
Lu Liu1, Sher Khan Panhwar2, Tianxiang Gao3, Zhiqiang Han3, Chunhou Li4, Dianrong Sun4 and Na Song1,*
... of the species by molecular methods, we sequenced a fragment of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of mitochondrial DNA of Liza affinis and Liza klunzingeri from coastal waters of China and Pakistan, respectively. Sequences of L. carinata were obtained from GenBank. A neighbor-joining tree showed the specimens to form a strong monophyletic group. The mean within-species genetic distances for L. affinis, L. carinata,...
Jawad Anwar* and Zafar Iqbal
...thomonas campestris and Clavibacter michiganensis). Extracts that resulted in strong activity were fractionated into acetonitrile and ethyl acetate followed by testing against human pathogenic bacterial strains (Eschericia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus) using 96 well microtitre plate method. The Ethyl acetate fraction showed maximum zone of inhibition (24.25±1.06 mm) against X. campestris and ...
Muhammad Amin1*, Khalid Mahmood2, Imran Bodlah3, Muhammad Rahim Khan2
...oni Jacob and Wahlgreneilla nervata (Gillete) on Rosa species. Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) was recorded on new host plant, Rosa species, in Pakistan. Distinguishing characters, morphometric data, biology and distribution of the studied species are provided herewith. ...
Muhammad Zafarullah Khan*, Shah Saud Ahmad and Asif Nawaz
...egistered with FSC since last 4-6 years period. Also 57% of the respondents mentioned that the extension agent was the source of awareness about FSC. About 43% of the respondents were invited by FSC for general body meeting whereas only 26% participated in the process of election. Maximum respondents were provided farm machinery by FSC i.e. cultivator (51%), rotavator (56%), mold bold plough (56%), disk plough (48%), single furrow (47%), drill (61%) and ridge ...
Sadia*, Abdur Rab, Sayyed Hamad Ahmad Shah, Irfan Ullah, Farida Bibi and Islam Zeb
....5cm3) were recorded in plants deblossomed in September treated with 50 ppm of GA3. While maximum fruit density (1.13gcm-3) was recorded in the month of July fruits treated with 10 ppm of GA3. While maximum fruit drop (11.69%), titratable acidity (0.59%), with minimum number of new shoots (16.3), number of new flowers (65.3), fruit weight (53.3g), and fruit volume (48.1cm3) were recorded in plants which were not deblossomed ...
Mohammad Umar Farooq1*, Sarfaraz Ahmad2, Ghulam Nabi1, Ijaz Ali1 and Imtiaz Ahmad1
...zed and un- grazed range land at Pabbi hills Kharian, District Gujarat, Pakistan. Carbon is played a vital role in the green house gases. Carbon sequestration during the photosynthesis process via plant biomass is the extent of this atmospheric gas. An experiment the data for above and below phytomass for grazed and un- grazed range land was collected an...
Saleem Khan1, Amir Hamza2, Farhadullah Khan3, M. Subhan4, Aziz Khan1, Irfan Ali Shah1, Shakirullah Khan Shakir3*
...es in different growth related end point using cotton as a model plants, the present study was designed. For this purpose, dry seeds of four cotton genotypes (Gomal-93, Bt-131, Bt-121 and Bt-CIM-602) were exposed to gamma rays with 10, 15, 20 and 25 Kilo Radium (KR) doses sourced from 60Co. The irradiated seed samples were assumed treated seeds while non-irradiated seeds of each genotype were used as control. Fiel...
Sumit K. Satpathi1, Suprakash Pal2*, Rupsanatan Mandal2, Nonigopal Shit2 and Ashutosh Sarkar3
...r Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar (India) during the summer season of 2016 to determine the utility and economics of biointensive pest management modules against major insect-pests of cowpea in comparison to conventional pesticide based pest management modules. The pesticide based management modules proved better as compared to the biopesticide based modules in managing the attack of sucking pests and pod borer of cowpea. The pesticide base...
Shantanu Jha1, A. Rama Devi1, Ngalaton Kasar1 and Abhishek Mukherjee2
...Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya on 7th August provided a unique platform to scientists working in the eastern and north-eastern parts of India on fruit flies to interact, share their experience and finally to prioritize areas for future Research. The meeting started at 12:00 noon on 7th of August and continued till 5:00 pm and was attended by 31 participants. The programme was inaugurated by Prof. D. D. P...
Wanchao Zhu1, Qinguo Wei1, Shuyu Xue1, Huanxin Zhang2, Tianshu Lv1 and Honghai Zhang1,*
...enetic diversity and population structure for the conservation and management of sables (Martes zibellina), we developed six microsatellite markers using a method of fast isolation by AFLP of sequences containing repeats (FIASCO) from them in this study. The primers designed by Primer Premier 5.0 based on conservative regions were tested on 22 individuals. Our results demonstrated that the number of alleles per locus ...
Zuhao Huang*, Meifang Li, Rujue Ruan and Jiawei Qin
... 1427 bp (Ixobrychus flavicollis) to 3871 bp (Botaurus stellaris). The average genetic distances among the species varied from 5.39% (between Egretta sacra and Egretta garzetta) to 41.15% (between Egretta sacra and Botaurus stellaris). Five conserved sequence boxes (F to B) in the domain II of Ardeidae sequences were localized. Maximum likelihood m...
Javeria1, Masroor Ellahi Babar1,2,*, Akhtar Ali2, Asif Nadeem1, Abdul Wajid1, Sajjad Ali Shah3, Sadaf Rashid4, Muhammad Wasim1 and Muhammad Abdullah1
Muhammad Fiaz1, Khadija Munawar2, Muhammad Mushtaq2,*, Mukhtar Ahmad3, Mushtaq Ahmad Chaudhry3, Muhammad Aslam3, Tanveer Ahmad1 and Nasrullah4
...ugh feeding calf milk replacer to lambs for optimum growth performance and survivability. For this purpose, Salt Range neonatal lambs (n = 24, age = 01 week) were selected and divided equally into three groups having 08 lambs each. The experimental lambs were fed ewe milk, calf milk repla
Shabana1,*, Farah Ehsan1 and Shahida Hasnain1,2
...iabetes in Pakistani population. A total of 900 blood samples (diabetic=451, controls=449) were genotyped by PCR-RFLP. A significant difference in genotype distribution was observed between cases (Gly/Gly, 66.9%; Gly/Ser, 20.17%; Ser/Ser, 12.8%) and controls (Gly/Gly, 67.4%; Gly/Ser, 28.5%; Ser/Ser, 4.00%) (p = 0.013). The cases showed significantly higher frequency of the Ser allele compared to the controls (22.9% vs. 18.3%; OR: 1.32, CI: 0.95–1....
Syed Tanveer Shah* and Muhammad Sajid
... peach. The research was laid out in Randomized Complete Block (RCB) Design with three factors replicated three times. Peach fruit trees at berry stage were sprayed with three sources of calcium (calcium chloride, calcium nitrate and calcium sulphate) at three calcium concentrations (0.5, 0.75 and 1.0%) stored for 30 days at 10 days interval. The experimental results showed that calcium sources, concentration and storage duration significantly affected all the...
Abdur Rab1*, Muhammad Sajid1, Naveed Ahmad1, Khalid Nawab2, Syed Ghias Ali3
...ated by exposing tomato plants to 0, 75 and 150 mM salinity; and foliar application of 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25% calcium solutions. Salinity stress increased leaf Na+ and Na+/ K+, fruit firmness and blossom end rot (BER) incidence but significantly decreased the leaf K+ and Ca content of the fruit and yield. The foliar calcium application decreased the Na+ accumulation, Na+/ K+ ratio and BER incidence as well as incr...
Umair Talib1*, Ijaz Ashraf1, Khalid Mahmood Chaudhary1, Riaz Ahmad2
...Pakistan. Since the late 1980s, the government of Pakistan include private sector in extension circle to enhance the effectiveness of public extension through competition. This study conducted in 2016, sought to analyze whether smallholder rice growers are more satisfied with public or private extension organizations and development of a strategy to enhance the effectiveness of extension work. The specific objectives were to ascertain the satisfactio...
Qudsia Khalid, Safdar Hussain Shah*, Faiza Zaeem and Saad Hussain Shah
...sulted in enhanced accumulation of saturated fatty acids (myristic and stearic acids), while unsaturated fatty acids exhibited variable profiles with enhanced oleic acid and significantly reduced linoleic acid. The regeneration capability of adapted line decreased 10 times (20% to 2%), while that of unadapted line kept on increasing (26% to 38%) at each subsequent subculture on regeneration medium. Addition of 10 mM LiCl resulted in enhanced and earlier regene...
Mian Ahmad Raza*, Ghulam Hassan and Naqib Ullah Khan
...sultant F1 hybrids were planted following a randomized complete block design using three replications in the subsequent wheat growing season of 2012-13. For days to maturity, F1 cross combination PS × FS among the F1 hybrids showed earliness (160.7) whereas F1 cross combination BST × SRN and JNB × BST ranked first among the crosses for spike length (15.9 cm). Among the F1 hybrids, FS × SRN and TTR × BST disp<...
Muhammad Hannan Ahmed1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Abu Bakar M. Raza1, M. Afzal1, A. Khaliq1, Yasir Iftikhar2 and Hafiz Muhammad Aatif3
...specially temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) also play vital role in the population dynamics of sucking insect pest complex like jassid, aphid, thrips and mites. The present study was conducted on six cotton cultivars (3 Bt and 3 non-Bt) to monitor the population dynamics of thrips in relation t...
Furqan Sabir1, Muhammad Tayyab1,*, Bushra Muneer2, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Ali Raza Awan1, Naeem Rashid3, Muhammad Wasim1 and Sehrish Firyal1
...ble strategy for the availability of free phosphorus for the growth of monogastric poultry birds. Current study deals with the production and characterization of recombinant thermostable phytase from Thermotoga naphthophila (PHYTN). This study was an initial step for the fulfilment of domestic industrial requirement of phytase in Pakistan.The PCR resulted in the amplification of 1.8 kb phytase gene. ...
Ambreen Butt1, Uzma Malik2, Khadija Waheed3, Amna Khanum3, Samar Firdous4, Sara Ejaz5 and Fawad Randhawa2, Tania Shakoori6*
...ght to compare serum cobalamin between pregnant females diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and healthy controls and to propose a cut off value for serum B12 levels as a predictive biomarker for GDM. Study design was Quantitative cross-sectional study. This study was carried out at Lady Atchison Hospital/Mayo Hospital Lahore, Pakistan from January to December 2016. Cobalamin levels were measured in women diagn...
Fang Wang, Yong-Fang Jia, Po Wang, Qi-Yan Du and Zhong-Jie Chang*
...rder to reveal the molecular mechanism by which LET caused sex reversal, juvenile carp (120dph) were exposed to 0, 5, 25, 125, and 625μg/L LET for 15 days, and the expression profiles of seven gonad differentiation related genes (Cyp19A, Cyp19B, Arα, ERα, Dax, Foxl2, Dmrt1) and gonad histological changes were examined. The results showed that LET could inhibit oocyte growth in female and promote the developmen...
Asad Abdullah1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Muhammad Waqar Hassan2, Samina Khalid3, Yasir Iftikhar4, Muhammad Arshad1 and Jaime Molina-Ochoa5,6
...e) and Amrasca biguttula Ishida, (Homopter: Cicadellidae) infesting Bt and non-Bt cotton cultivars. Foliar application of neem seed, Azadirachta indica extract was applied upon reaching economic threshold levels of B. tabaci and A. biguttula. The insect pest population was recorded 24 hours before and 24h, 72h and 168h after spray. Maximum reductio...
Alaeldein M. Abudabos1,*, Abdullah H. Alyemni2, Elsayeid O. Swilam1 and Mu’ath Q. Al-Ghadi3
...ard anticoccidial drug (Elancoban) in experimentally induced coccidiosis in broiler. A total 200 birds (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to 10 treatments on day 15 after introduction of coccidiosis. The results indicated that feed intake and production efficiency factor (PEF) did not differ significantly (P>0.05) between Elancoban and natural products. However, treatment had a significant effect on BWG and FCR (P<0.01 ...
Muhammad Usman Qamar1, 2, Sidrah Saleem1, Usman Arshad1, Muhammad Farhan Rasheed3, Hasan Ejaz4, Naveed Shahzad5 and Shah Jahan6,*
...New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1) producing bacteria being responsible for multiple ailments, pose serious threat to human health. The NDM infections are constantly increasing worldwide particularly in sub-continent including Pakistan. These bacteria show resistance to wide range of broad spectrum antibiotics leaving the treatment options limited. Manuka honey is traditionally used for medical purposes including rem...
Muhammad Abu Bakar1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Muhammad Arshad1, Mubasshir Sohail1,2 and Jaime Molina-Ochoa3,4
...to man and environment. Plant-derived mixtures are normally more easily degradable and could show a minor undesirable impact on environment with respect to synthetic compounds. This study was planned to check the efficacy of four different essential oils (neem oil, lemon oil, eucalyptus oil and orange oil) at different doses against percent mortality of Varroa mites. The essential oils were applied at two different do...
Carolina Torres Alejo1,2, Laila Andreia Rodrigues Beserra1,2, Paulo Eduardo Brandão1,2, Luis Ramiro Luna Espinoza1,2 and Fabio Gregori1,2*
...of intestinal content of layers, broilers, and breeders were investigated from different Brazilian regions for the presence of rotavirus (RVA, RVD, and RVF), avian coronavirus (ACoV), and avian astrovirus (AAstV), using PCR reactions followed by nucleotide sequencing and analysis. Twenty-nine pools (29/59; 49%) appeared positive for AAstV, 6 pools (6/59; 10%) were positive for RVD, forty-three pools (43/59; 72.8%) were positive for ACoV, and twenty-four pools ...
Mohsan Ullah Goraya1,2, Liaqat Ali1,2 and Iqra Younis3
...ions. When specific cellular receptors recognize a virus they trigger the translation of inflammatory cytokine and chemokines leading to establishment of an antiviral state of the host. In this review, we discuss the recent understanding in host responses to avian viral infection and their impact in health and disease. ...
Muhammad Sohail1, Muhammad Nauman-ul-Islam1, Hayazuddin2*, Imtiaz Ali Shah1, Abdur Raziq1, Subhan Ullah3 and Arsalan Ali Shah1
...Achai cattle. A total 24 lactating Achai cows of first parity were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups viz. A, B and C on the basis of physiological and productive status (n= 08). Experimental animals were allocated to diet containing zero (control), 12 and 18 percent MSC. All the three rations were iso-caloric and iso-nitrogeniuos. Each cow was given a daily feed ration according to NARC standards. Milk yield of each experimental animals were recorded...
Shahid Hussain Farooqi1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Muhammad Imran Rashid2, Muhammad Oneeb2, Amjad Khan3, Amjad Islam Aqib1 and Shakeel Mahmood4
...s, R. (Boophilus) annulatus, R. (Boophilus) microplus, Heamaphysalis aciculifer, R. appendiculatus, and R. decoloratus were noted 41.67, 18.42, 9.83, 8.25, and 6.83% respectively, whereas least prevalence was noted as 0.42% in case of A. pomposum and D. circumguttatus; 0.25% each was shown by D. rhinocerinus, Heam. Excavatum, and H. impeltatum; 0.17%exhibited by Heam...
Rana Muhammad Aadil1,2*, Xin-An Zeng1, Saqib Jabbar3, Akmal Nazir2, Abid Aslam Mann2, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal Khan2, Abdullah2, Amna Ramzan2
...t capacity (TAC), total flavonoids (TF) and total flavonols as equated to thermal and control, while ºBrix, pH and acidity remain unchanged in all HPP treatments with control and thermal. After this, we suggested that HPP treatment (250 MPa/60 °C/3 min) has a potential against thermal to progress the value of grapefruit juice and could be applicable at industrial scales.
...
Aqsa Qayyum1*, Masooma Munir1, Saeeda Raza1, Mussarat Gillani1, Saima Kanwal1, Nouman Rashid1, Amer Mumtaz1, Naeem Safdar1, Zarmina Gillani2
...5) effect on the color, flavor, taste and texture of biscuits. So, it is concluded that replacement of wheat flour with pea flour up to a level of 20% improved the nutritional potential of biscuits without affecting the consumer acceptability score.
...
Masooma Munir1,2*, Aqsa Qayyum1, Saeeda Raza1, Nouman Rashid Siddiqui1, Amer Mumtaz1, Naeem Safdar1, Sahar Shible1, Sohaib Afzal3, Saiqa Bashir4
... only as pharmaceutical plant but also for culinary purpose. The current study has been undertaken to develop a nutritious, healthy and value added drink. Proximate, mineral analysis, total polyphenol content and mineral analysis of basil seeds was conducted. Result revealed that basil seeds are not only good source of fiber and protein but they provide appreciable amount of minerals and phenolic compounds. Swollen basil seeds were used to prepare beverage at ...
Asim Gulzar1,*, Ather Maqsood1, Munir Ahmed1, Muhammad Tariq1, Muhammad Ali2 and Rahmatullah Qureshi3
...like biocontrol agents, plant extracts etc. In the present study the extract of Citrullus colocynthis in different solvents were evaluated on second instar larvae of H. armigera under laboratory studies for toxicity, sublethal and antifeedant effect. The result showed that ethanol based extract was the most effective to control the H. armigera followed by the et...
Jie Wu1, Jiagui Zhu2, Ke Wang2, Dejing Cai2, Yingying Liu1, Yanzhen Bu1,* and Hongxing Niu1,*
...nd restore the small population in Henan Province, China, a reintroduction program was conducted in the Dongzhai National Nature Reserve in 2007. Wild birds bred in semi-wilderness were reintroduced. Habitat selection and breeding ecology of crested ibis in Dongzhai National Nature Reserve has not been studied. To clarify the breeding status of the crested ibis and to provide more reference for the reintroduction of this spe...
Nargis Bano and Khalid Mahmood Qureshi*
...>...
Rabia Tahir1*, Khushi Muhammad1, Masood Rabbani1, Muti-u-Rehman Khan2, Farah Khan1, Hassan Bin Aslam1 and Arslan Mehboob3
...ction such evidences are lacking. The molecular mechanism and establishment of latent infections warrant future investigations to elucidate these discrepancies....
Lucas Pedroso Colvero1, Paulo Eduardo Brandão2*, Cesar Alejandro Rodriguez Rosales2, Hanny Swam3 and Laura Yaneth Buitrago Villarreal1
...PV (BUT 8544) and IBDV (classic strain) whereas vaccine B contains IBV (Massachusetts M41 and a Brazil type strain), NDV (LaSota strain), aMPV (TRT strain) and IBDV (GP82 strain). Viscosity values for vaccines A and B where determined to be 40.2cP and 83.3cP, respectively, and a microscopic examination showed that vaccine A has a homogeneous emulsion, whereas vaccine B has a highly heterogeneous appearance. Birds vaccinated with vaccine A showed mean ELISA ant...
Aqsa Mehboob1, Noor Khan1,*, Usman Atiq1, Khalid Javed Iqbal2, Rafia Tayyab1, Syeda Suhaira Batool1, Hafiza Saleha Batool1, Sana Amjad1 and Mehwish Tanveer1
...t was conducted in fiberglass tank having capacity of 18 L water with a stocking density of 25 fish fry per aquaria. There were two treatment groups; T1, T2 and a control (T0) each was replicated twice. Fenugreek as an additive was added in experimental feed at the rate of 0.5% in T1 and 1.0% in T2 while control T0 was without fenugreek supplementation. Fish was fed for six days a week at the ra...
Nasira Kazi1, Muhammad Israr2 and Shahina Fayyaz1,*
... of the genus Paradorylaimus Andrassy 1969 is described and illustrated from Pakistan. Paradorylaimus dorsocaudali new species differ from all known species of the genus in having smaller body length, tail length and odontostyle length. The new species is characterized by 1.3-1.6 mm long female body, lip region truncate, offset by weak depression, odontostyle 21.4-23.2 µm long is and 2.8-3 µm wide, ...
Zakirullah Jan1, Shamsher Ali1*, Tariq Sultan2, Wasiullah1 and Wiqar Ahmad1
...provement of some major plant nutrients and soil organic matter content (SOM) under saline soil and yield of rice crop at National Agricultural Research Center (NARC) Islamabad during summer 2016. Pots were induced with salinity of 7.0 dS m-1 and arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Six treatments consisted of a control (no strains) and 5 different strains of cyanobacteria i.e Oscil
Zahid Mehmood*, Alam Zeb and Muhammad Ayub
...leptic characteristics (flavor, color, texture and overall acceptability). The results revealed decrease (P<0.05) in pH, ascorbic acid, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity while increase in acidity, total soluble solids during six months storage. Decrease in score of organoleptic attributes was recorded during the storage. The results revealed that (P<0.05) the treatment Muskmelon + Sucrose + 0.033% Sodium benzoate + 0.033% Potassium sorbate + 0...
Abdus Subhan1, Qudrat Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Mansoor2 and M. Jamil Khan1
...p≤0.05) variation in plant growth, yield parameters of wheat and water use efficiency. The inorganic fertilizer gave significantly higher total dry matter, grain and straw yield and also due to the greater grain yield the water use efficiency calculated was greater in the NPK treatment. Bulk density, porosity and organic matter were significantly improved by the cattle manure and compost treatments. The moisture content a...
Hassan Hashim Ghalib, Syed Attaullah Shah*, Abbas Ullan Jan and Ghaffar Ali
...infall have non-linear relationships with net-return per acre. The relationship between growers’ net-return and atmospheric temperature, represented with a temperature response curve, is inverted U shaped having a yield maximizing temperature level of 25oC. The rainfall response curve for net-return is U shaped and the minimum net-return rainfall level is 89.6mm. Forecasting of net-returns for the whole KP reveals that...
Zaheer Abbas*, Shaukat Ali, Jalal-Ud-Din and Ghulam M. Ali*
...that deliver T-DNA into plant cell from which whole plant can be regenerated. The results indicated that optimal embryo physiological age is 15 and 18 days after pollination and transient transformation efficiency decreased at 22 days after pollination. Enhanced transient beta glucuronidase (GUS) expression with average frequency of 40.56% was noticed with three days of co-cultivation period while two days of co-cultivation ...
Zaheer Abbas*, Shaukat Ali, Jalal-Ud-Din and Ghulam M. Ali*
...tion system from coleoptilar node of elite maize inbred line was developed. Regeneration from coleoptilar node circumvented tedious procedures of raising the immature embryos as a starting material for genetic transformation. Unlike immature embryos, the development of coleoptilar node is seasonal free and green house independent which would accelerate the work relevant to genetic transfor...
Ghani Akbar1, Steven Raine2, Allen David McHugh3, Greg Hamilton4 and Qurban Hussain5
...spacing 130 cm on sandy clay loam, were investigated using the irrigation modelling software, WinSRFR, to explore irrigation management strategies for improving irrigation eficiency. The study revealed existing average application efficiency of low quarter (AE lq) 71%, 87%, distribution uniformity of low quarter (DU lq) 70%, 80% and adequacy of low quarter (AD lq) 100 %, 90% for NB and WB, respectively. Majority (67%) of WB irrigations monitored were under...
Asmatullah Kaka2, Wahid Haron1,*, Rosnina Yusoff 1, Nurhusien Yimer1, A.M Khumran1, Akeel Ahmed Memon2, Kazhal Sarsaifi1 andMahdi Ebrahimi3
... semen. Twenty-four ejaculates (8 from each bull) were collected from three bulls. Semen ejaculates having motility ≥70% and normal morphology ≥80% were extended into Tris extender consist of equal concentration of each ALA and DHA (0, 3, 5, 10,15ng/ml). Extended semen was cooled at 5oC for 2 hours at 5oC and then packaged in ...
Habibun Nabi1, Saher Islam2, Amna Arshad Bajwa2, Imran Rashid1,*, Haroon Akbar1, Wasim Shehzad2, Kamran Ashraf1, Nisar Ahmad1 and Aneela Durrani3
...Pakistan.
...
Rabia Arif*, Shahar Bano, Muhammad Ishfaq and Muhammad Saleem
...ariable regions as molecular markers, we show a sequence analysis of (V3, V4 and V9) hyper-variable regions of the small sub unit (SSU) of different natural strains of the Pyrenomycete, Sordaria fimicola, to examine genetic diversity. Strains were taken from two contrasting environments (Natural and Harsh) from the south facing and north facing slopes of Evolution Canyon, Israel. Sequenced amplicons were introduced to...
Zia-ur-Rehaman1, Naila Chand1, Sarzamin Khan1 and Rifat Ullah Khan2,*
...bb and Arber Acer) were placed in brooding room in first two weeks and then chicks were divided into two groups: TN and HAT zones. Chicks in TN group were housed at constant room temperature, while chicks in HAT zone were kept at high ambient temperature. Chicks in each group were further divided into four sub groups. Each sub group was further subdivided into four replicates having ten chicks per replicate. Blood was collected on weekly basis from day 21...
Zabih Ullah*, H. Rahman and Niaz Muhammad
... mainly due to the unavailability of high yielding and early maturing varieties and hybrids. Earliness in maize is highly desirable as it allows plants to escape various biotic and abiotic stresses. It also makes multiple cropping possible as the land becomes available for next crop. Keeping the importance of early maturity of maize crop in view, the pre...
Rehmat Ullah1*, Kalim Ullah2, Inam Ullah3, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1 and Asif Nawaz1
...ring year 2014. Eight villages were selected randomly. Among all the farmers, 120 farmers were evaluated through valid, reliable and pre-tested interview schedule. Data collected was analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences ver. 20. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The study has revealed that field assistants (FA) provide new information (75 respondents). It was observed that FAs were availab...
Shakeel Ahmad Anjum, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem, Muhammad Shahid, Abdul Shakoor*, Muhammad Safeer, Imran Khan, Ayesha Farooq, Iftkhar Ali and Usman Nazir
...lity. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement during autumn 2015. Treatments were replicated three times. The treatments were comprised of C = no Zn and B (Control); Zn (S) = soil application of Zn @ of 12 kg ha-1; B (S): soil application of B @ 3 kg ha-1; Zn (F) = foliar application of 1% Zn at 9th leaf stage; B (F) = foliar application of 0.5% B at 9th leaf stage; ...
Sanjukta Chakrabarti1, Colin J. Barrow2, Rupinder K. Kanwar3, Venkata Ramana1*, Rakesh N. Veedu4,5 and Jagat R. Kanwar3*
...rmation of aberrant vasculature in humans, may lead to various pathological conditions including tumor development. The most important factor implicated in the angiogenic processes is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein and its family of ligands and receptors (VEGFRs). Survival, proliferation, migration and invasion of endothelial cells which give rise to the vascular network...
Mahmood-Ul-Hassan*, Naeem Fiaz, Muhammad Akhlaq Mudassir and Muhammad Yasin
...of sugarcane is very popular in Pakistan for its better economic benefits however harvesting schedule of plant crop is essential since low temperature severely effects the sprouting of subsequent ratoon in cane growing areas. A field study was conducted on loamy soil during 2011-2013 at Sugarcane Research Institute (SRI), Faisalabad to explore the ratooning ability of five sugarcane variet...
Naheed Bano* and Muhammad Afzal
...h mortality due to unavailability of suitable diet especially at juveniles stage. This study focus on the healthy production with low cost by using sunflower meal to some extent replace fish meal. In this 3× 3 factorial and completely randomized design study 324 fish were used. The acidification levels were (0, 1.5 and 3%) whereas the phytase levels were (0, 500 and 1000 FTU). The addition of 3 % citric acid and 1000FT...
Trinh Thi Viet Ha1, Pham Duy Liem2 and Li Shuang1*
...rket, China and Vietnam play a vital role, as the largest producer,consumer and exporter. The current study was conducted to analyze the rice export interdependency between these two countries using empirical approaches. The findings of the study show that the pattern of rice trade between China and Vietnam is fluctuated. The trade volume between China and Vietnam is smaller, and the fluctuation of trade is
Abbas Ullah Jan1, Muhammad Fayaz1*, Yousaf Hayat2, Dawood Jan3 and Ghaffar Ali3
... nonlinear Engel curve relationship proved to be a valid estimation technique for fruit consumption in Pakistan. The results show that quantity elasticity with respect to income is constant for dates, grapes, guava and mango and tends to increase in all fruits, apple, banana and citrus with increase in household income for urban households. For rural households with increase in household income, quantity e
Mehmet Guvenc1,*, Ayşe Nilay Guvenc3, Ökkeş Yılmaz2 and Mehmet Tuzcu2
...veratrol act as a bioregulator for some biochemical parameters in fructose induced non-alcoholic fatty liver.
...
Nosheen Rafiq1, Asmatullah Kakar2,*, Arshad Ghani3, Asim Iqbal2, Wali Mohammad Achakzai2, Shagufta Sadozai2, Mohammad Shafiq4 and Mohammad Alam Mengal5
...e with respect to host-related risk factors in Bos permiginu s cattlewas conducted in farm houses at three main regions (Western by-pass, Spiny village, and Sariab region) of District Quetta from March, 2013 to March, 2014. Around 1649 ticks were captured from six main body parts of 404 cattle. Of these 346 (65.96%) were observed to be plagued by one or more tick infes...
Attaullah Ansari* and Nasreen Memon
...ptured/trapped through Malaise trap, Yellow pan water trap and insect hand net. As a result, a total of 783 specimens belonging to 8 species, 6 genera of two subfamilies were collected, among which Episurphusbaltatus, De Geer, Eritalinus aeneus, Scopoli, and Ischiodon scutellaris, Fabricius were found to be most prevalent whereas; Eristalis arbustorum was found least in number during study period. The abundance of hover...
Shengyan Su, Zaijie Dong*, Wenbin Zhu, Lanmei Wang and Jianjun Fu
...-breeding due to its similarity with high growth speed in the later period for common carp Cyprinus carpio L cross-breeding. A compensatory index matrix for 3×3 full diallel cross combinations used for selection was built to investigate compensatory like growth of each combination. Yes/No(Y/N) effect was determined for specific combination dyads, which there were significant differences in body weight at tagging...
Faiz Muhammad1,*, Syed Khurram Fareed1, Urooj Zafar1, Taseer Ahmed Khan2 and Aqeel Ahmad1
...on.
...
Shahab e Saqib1*, Himayatullah Khan2, Sanaullah Panezai3, Ubaid Ali4 and Mazhar Ali5
... small farmers in particular. The findings of the study suggest that a strong monitoring of farmers is needed in the study area. In addition, farmers may be supplied in-kind agricultural credit to control credit fungibility. ...
Liana Mihaela Fericean1* and Mihaela Corneanu2
...se direct damage to the plants by extracting the sap, and indirectly it is a vector to 16 plant viruses. The study presents data referring to the external morphological characteristics, to the biometrical measurements and to the life cycle of Aphis nasturtii. The researches have been carried out for a period of four years on the potato and for a period of two years on the orchards from Romania. At the Aphis nasturt...
Saba Manzoor1,*, Ali Raza Awan1, Abdul Wajid1, Sehrish Firyal1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Muhammad Mansha2, Asim Khalid Mahmood3, Abu Saeed Hashmi1 and Muhammad Wasim1,*
...e was found to be up regulated in different canine (62.5% in mammary adenocarcinoma, 75% in oral squamous cell carcinoma, 66.6% in peri-anal sac adenocarcinoma, 80% in mast cell tumor and 100% in soft tissue sarcoma) and feline (60% in mammary adenocarcinoma and 100% in soft tissue sarcoma) tumors studied. These findings might support the established role of c-Myc in tumor pathogenesis but how this transcription factor affects the downstream targets to achieve...
Rehana Shahida1, Tasnim Farasat1, Shagufta Naz1,* and Shahjahan2
...), and to identify the relationship of inflammatory cytokines with insulin resistance and the molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction of atherosclerosis and hyperglycemia within the context of chosen pro atherogenic parameters including plasma glucose level, serum levels of insulin, IL-6, and TNF-α. Serum level of thrombomodulin was assess...
Talat Bilal Yasoob and Nasir Ali Tauqir*
...tarter rations were formulated; a ration without NaHCO3 was served as control whereas other five rations had 0.15-0.73% NaHCO3 in the rations. In this way six dietary treatments resulted in dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) and sodium levels of 245, 262, 279, 297, 314, 331 meq/kg and 0.166, 0.206, 0.246, 0.286, 0.326, 0.336%, respectively. Protein and energy values in all broiler starter rations were ke...
Amjad Ali1*, Sher Aslam Khan2, Abid Farid2, Ayub khan2, Shah Masaud Khan2 and Naushad Ali2
...s were conducted in two plant crops to calculate broad sense heritability (repeatability), genetic gain and correlations among the parameters, and establish selection criteria.Highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) differences were found among the genotypes for number of tillers, plant height, cane length,number of nodes, internodes length,number of mil
Estimation of Heritability, Genetic Advance and Correlation for Marphological Traits in Spring Wheat
Arshad Iqbal1*, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil1, Syed Mehar Ali Shah1 and Muhammad Sharif Kakar2
... justify;">Heritability plays a pivotal role in selection. Breeders could predict the performance of crop plants by knowing the magnitude of heritability. An experiment was conducted using a set of spring wheat genotypes to estimate heritability for various plant traits during crop season 2014-15 at the University of Agriculture, Peshawar. The randomized complete block design with three re...
Sikandar Hayat, Khalid Usman* and Muhammad Tahir Amin
...align: justify;">Zero tillage is a cost effective and resource conserving technique, however, drill clogging and immobilization of nitrogen are problems in the standing stubbles of the previous crop. Row adjustment and an appropriate N fertilizer application method may be a possible solution. Field trials were carried out to explore suitable row spacing and N fertilizer application method for zero tillage wheat at Agronomic ...
Jiandong Wu, Miao Ye and Zaigui Wang*
...d purification of total flavonoids from corn silk, and the anti-hyperlipidemic activities was analyzed in rabbits by feeding experiment. Firstly, the high extraction yield (5.32 mg·g-1) of total flavonoids were obtained under the optimal extraction conditions, which are 80°C for 3 h with corn silk over 60% ethanol ratio of 1:30. Then, the AB-8 resin was selected for the purification of f
Xue-yang Wang1, Shang-zhi Zhang1, Ming-hui Liu2, Dong Yu1, Yan Ma1, Dong-qiong Fei1, Hai-zhong Yu1 and Jia-ping Xu1,*
...has not been completely clarified. In this study, a gene encoding ARM-repeat protein was identified, which has an open reading fragment of 1923 bp, encoding a predicted 641 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of approximately 71.2 kDa. BmARM-like mRNA showed highest expression in hemolymph, significantly high expression levels in 4th instar, moth, and egg, stable high expression levels in the early ...
Prof. Dr. Saira Afzal
...has to be stringent and flawless. The peer review systems are continuously being criticized, debated and updated. It may be open peer review or blind peer review, both have advantages and disadvantages. Open peer review is performed for scientific quality after publication. It is also known as transparent peer review and public peer review.
...
Ayesha Aihetasham1,*, Muhammad Saeed Akhtar1, Maryam Umer1, Khalid Zamir Rasib2 and Muhammad Imran Din3
...As Heterotermes indicola (Wasmann) is known to cause considerable damage to wood work in buildings. Efficacy of extracts of Foeniculum vulgare and Ocimum basilicum was studied against this termite. Chemical composition of plant extracts by chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed five different compounds in F. vulgare: Piperidine, 3-isopropyl, Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,3,3-trimethyl, ...
Müge Aliye Hekimoğlu*, Cüneyt Süzer,Şahin Saka andKürşat Firat
...ined at five stages of melanistic and not melanistic clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris) and different sexes of Swordfish (Xiphophorus helleri). Clownfish were tested with 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 ml/l phenoxyethanol and 0.5, 1 and 1.5 ml/l clove oil. Swordfish were tested with 1, 3 and 5 ml/l phenoxyethanol and 2, 4, 6 ml/l clove oil. For short-term application the safe dose for clownf...
Mahreen Yahya, Noor Abid Saeed*, Sajid Nadeem, Muhammad Hamed and Sajid Shokat
... staple food crop which plays the vital role in the economy of Pakistan. This wheat crop suffers a heavy toll in yield due to aphid attack, which affects plant vitality and grain production. Planting resistant/tolerant varieties against pests is the main way to overcome these field losses. Present study is an effort to screen different wheat varieties/lines against aphids under field condi...
Mubashir Hussain1,Safdar Ali1, Muhammad Naveed Tahir1, Ghulam Abbas Shah1, Ijaz Ahmad2*, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar3 and Sohail Latif4
...ty of weed species and relative importance value. The input and output data was also collected to find out the socioeconomic feasibility of the techniques. The comparative analysis of seed bank extraction methods revealed higher weed seeds density, weed frequency with more diversity of weed species under sieving method in comparison to seedling emergence method. Therefore, sieving method was considered superior over seedling emergence method. The feasibility a...
Inayatullah Jan*, Sajid Khan, Noor Paio Khan and Muhammad Ashfaq
... purposively selected villages namely; Nasir Kaly, Shankar and Kodeenaka. From the field surveys, it was found that majority of the respondents were smallholders or tenants. After procuring and properly utilizing credit, the yield of the major crops such as wheat, maize, and sugarcane and the resultant income of the respondents exhibited significant increase, as confirmed by higher t-values. The study concludes that the socio-economic conditions of the farmers...
Tahira*, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Ayub Khan and Mubashar Ahmad Khan
... four repeats at NARC, Islamabad during the cropping season 2014 and 2015. Cluster analysis based on WARD’s method showed considerable genetic variation among the hybrids. In the first year, thirty- six Brassica hybrids were grouped into thirteen clusters. Cluster-IV comprised of maximum number of hybrids (six). The clusters mean and standard deviation marked that hybrid in Cluster XI (CRH-80) was short durational and high yielding mainly due to more bra...
Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz
... the feed and fodder availability in winter season has been considered as the foremost bottleneck in harnessing the potential of the livestock sector in Pakistan. In this perspective a field study was conducted for three consecutive years (2013 to 2015) at Soil Salinity Research Institute, PindiBhattian, Hafizabad, Pakistan to evaluate different nitrogen levels and the cost-effective sowing technique for oat forage production under salt affected conditions. Tw...
Muhammad Imran Mahmood* and Muhammad Zubair
...s exhibited the highest plant height in Sufeda under flooding which were 135 and 125cm after and before the experiment. However, Neem showed maximum plant height after experiment (103 cm) under drought condition. But, the minimum plant height (57 cm) before experiment was observed in Sufeda under droughtexhibiting 50% decline than Sufeda under flooding. Contrary to that Neem exhibited the ...
Zeenat Bano1,*, Sajid Abdullah1, Waqas Ahmad2, Muhammad Anjum Zia3 and Wardah Hassan1
...in water, their bioaccumulation and effects on antioxidant enzymes i.e. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in vital organs (gills, liver and kidney) of fish, Cirrhina mrigala. The 3 different representative water samples and 60 fish samples (20 fish from each site) were collected from three sites i.e. fish-farm, hatchery and Indus River of ...
Carolina A. Bonin1,2, Eric A. Lewallen2,3, Andre J. van Wijnen3, Marta Jussara Cremer4 and Paulo C. Simões-Lopes5*
...e that marine mammal populations are susceptible to rapid decline. Yet, effective conservation efforts depend on population-level ecological data. To obtain principal baseline data that will inform management efforts, we characterized the habitat and recorded the behaviour of a Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) population within one of the most well-preserved estuaries off souther...
Liushuai Hua1,3, Shiping Gong1,*, Xiangjing Zhong2, Jun Tao2, Yu Chen2 and Jieming Deng2
...e big-headed turtle (Platysternon megacephalum) is endangered in the wild because of illegal trade, overharvesting and habitat destruction. Captive breeding is an effective protection against extinction, but safe overwintering is still technically difficult to captive big-headed turtles. Determining optimal hibernation conditions is important in resolving this problem. In this study, the effects of two important environmental conditions (water depth and...
Zhenyu Chang1, Hui Zhang1, Khalid Mehmood1,2, Mujeeb Ur Rehman1, Xiaodan Yuan1, Zhaoyang Li1, Fazul Nabi1, Xiaoxing Wu1, Xinxin Tian1, Xueting Liu1, Jingen Xu3 and Donghai Zhou1,*
...10 µg/mL) down-regulated the expression of TFF3 mRNA, whereas a high concentration of LPS (100 µg/mL) up-regulated TFF3 mRNA expression. Furthermore, TFF3 mRNA expression was decreased by rhTFF3 treatment. These findings indicate that TFF3 attenuates LPS-induced cell damage, and TFF3 mRNA expression is influenced by LPS and rhTFF3 in intestinal mucous epithelial cells in piglets.
...
Boran Karataş, Muhammed Arabaci and Şükrü Önalan*
...and G50K50 and the study lasted 80 days. When the growth parameters in polycultures of rainbow trout and brown trout are considered, it was determined that the growth rates were not statistically different between rainbow trout monoculture and rainbow trout G75K25 and G50K50 groups, however rainbow trout in G66K34 experienced statistically significantly less growth when compared to others (p<0.05). Growth parameters of brown trout in polycultures dem...
Minmin Chen1, Xiaoke Zhang1, Kexiong Wang2, Zhigang Liu1, An Wan3, Daoping Yu1,*, Hong Ji3 and Fangzhen Peng1
...pecies, as the whole population in the wild suffered sharp decline and fragmentation. Observations of the local spatial and temporal distribution dynamics can help establish better conservation strategies. In order to understand the characteristics of habitat chosen, a continuous 15 months observation on the distribution patterns of the Yangtze finless porpoise at the confluence of Yangtze and Wanhe rivers was conducted. The results showed that the distributio...
Ehab Bo Trabi1,2, Xianjun Yuan1, Junfeng Li1, Zhihao Dong1, Assar Ali Shah2 and Tao Shao1,2,*
...af (Morus Alba) silage was treated with glucose and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) additives. The groups were as follow: silage without additive as a control (c); glucose 1% fresh matter basis (G1); glucose 2% (G2); glucose 3% (G3); Lactobacillus Plantarum (
Farid S. Ataya,1,2,* Dalia Fouad,3,4 Ajamaluddin Malik,1 Nikolaos E. Labrou,5 Mohamed S. Daoud1,6 and Hesham M. Saeed7
... enzymes. Phylogenetic relationship was studied with different organisms belonging to animal kingdom and revealed that CdGSTP1-1 is grouped with the enzyme from S. scrofa. The 3D homology model of CdGSTP1-1 showed similar fold and topology with the porcine GSTpi enzyme. Gene expression analysis in five camel tissues was examined employing real-time PCR. The highest level of transcripts was found in the c...
Jianping Li1, Qian Jiang2, Wei Chen2, Yumei Li3, Huaizhi Jiang4, Jinlong Huo5 and Qiaoling Zhang2*
...n the precursor of the melanophore. It plays an important role in the multiplication, migration and survival of melanophores. As of yet, no studies have addressed the diverse expression of the KIT gene and its protein ingoats of different fur colors. The effect of KIT mutations on KIT protein expression was examined in white cashmere and bla
Amtul Jamil Sami1,*, Madeeha Khalid1, Rehman Shehzad1, Sana Mughal1 and A.R. Shakoori2
...in.
...
Zahid Latif1,*, Kathrin Blasius2-4, Tufail Hussain Tahir7, Muhammad Nasim Khan1, Ghazanfar Ali5, Ansar Ahmed Abbasi6, Abdul Rauf1, Hao Hu8 and Angela M. Kaindl2,3,4
...llumination of sight similarly on opposite, blindness snatch this beauty of life and push the sufferers to unending darkness which also has a negative social and economic wellbeing impact on individual’s life. In society, the negative impact of visual impairment is the rejection and exclusion from all healthy activities of life. Patients suffering with RP first experience nyctalopia which gradually progress to tunnel vision and ultimately masks with comp...
Mumtaz Akhtar1, Shabana Naz2,*, Muhamamad Iqbal3, Waqar Azeem4 and Mirza Azhar Beg5
...nd farmhouses of the croplands of the Central Punjab. The collected animals were segregated into five age classes, i.e. I (immature), II (sub-adults), III (adults), IV (middle aged), V (old), on the basis of tooth wear, mandibular length, and condition of reproductive organs. In the winter samples, most of the animals belonged to the middle body weight cla
Muhammad Khaled Siddiq1, Ayesha Riaz2, Muhammad Akbar Khan1, Muhammad Adeeb Babar1, Khalid Mahmood1,* and Muhammad Akhtar1
...ks.
...
Saba Khalid*, Muhammad Saddique Awan, Riaz Aziz Minhas, Nasra Ashraf, Khawaja Basharat Ahmed, Nuzhat Shafi and Sajid Abassi
...se of avian fauna of Rawalakot city and its surrounding was studied from March 2006 to February 2007. The study area is situated in the center of district Poonch. For the convenience of data collection the study area was divided into six study sites; systematic surveys were conducted at each site. Direct sighting and indirect evidences were collected from all these sites. Seventy eight bird species were recorded that belonged to 34 families and 11 orders. Pass...
Toshina Mushtaq, Muhammad Javed and Sidra Abbas*
Teresa Napiórkowska* and Julita Templin
...etailed description of a larva of the Eratigena atrica spider, which had a well-developed prosoma and an additional, partly developed head with two segmented pedipalps and one chelicera with two fangs. The larva was obtained as a result of a teratological experiment based on the application of temperatures of 14 and 32°C changed every 12 h for the first ten days of spider embryogenesis.
...
Muhammad Anas1, Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar2*, Raza Ullah1, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar3, Ijaz Ahmad4 and Sohail Latif5
...justify;">Increasing population and decreasing on farm resources are threating the future food security. In this scenario, the cropping systems which can meet the increasing demand of food, feed and forage are needed. Intercropping is an eco-friendly option for sustaining and increasing the productivity of farmlands. Therefore, a field study relating to sunflower-mungbean intercropping int...
Sher Khan Panhwar1,2,3, Zhou Yong Dong1,4,*, Gao Tianxiang1,3, Wang Ping5, Han Zhiqiang1, Wang Zhongming1,4 and Wang Yang1,4
...s. The predominant size classes in the catch comprised of 130−374 mm in 2001, 83−360 mm in 2004, 53−355 mm in 2009, and 23−389 mm in 2013. Growth parameters of asymptotic length ranged from 515.6 to 768.6 mm in 2004 and 2009, growth coefficients ranged from 0.230 to 0.685, and t0 from -0.654 to -0.494. The rate of total mortality (Z) ranged from 0.82 to 2.73 year-1 in 2013 and 2001, respectively. The exploitation r...
Jing Xin Mao1,2, Guo Wei Wang2, Yuan She Huang3, Rui Wang2, Guo Ze Wang4, Bing Zeng1 and Fu Yuan Zuo1,*
... and tissue that likely plays a vital role in host defense against GNB (gram-negative bacteria) and their endotoxin by means of its antibiotic and endotoxin neutralizing and disposing functions. BPI has several biological functions in mammals such as human, bovine, pig and rabbit, it also has major influence in the natural defense of the animal body. In this paper, by comparative study on BPI gene expression in various tissues between Rongchang pig and Landrac...
Pei-feng Yin1,2,Xiu-xiu Li1,Qi-wei Zeng3, Cheng-chen Shen1, Le Gao1 andJian-zhang Ton2,*
... known research data available regarding the effects of popcorn infected leaves on silkworm performance. One group of silkworms was fed infected mulberry leaves and the second silkworms group was given control mulberry leaves that were infection free. Results showed that infected leaves exhibited limited toxicity to the silkworm; however, the cocoons yield found in infected group was deeply affected. Compared with control group, the biggest body weight, cocoon...
LX Ye1,2, JX Wang1,2,*, P Li1,2 and XT Zhang1,2
...s divided into three annular layers, and the parenchyma consisted of tubular compartments and interstitial tissue. The tubular compartments were comprised of the seminiferous tubules, straight seminiferous tubules and rete testis, without any distinct boundary tissue between them. The interstitial tissue between the tubules contained many Leydig cells, t...
Shaista Naz* and Noor Paio Khan
...ucts (34 percent) due to lack of market in the study area. The significant share of livestock income was received by women (73 percent) in a household which ultimately show their contribution to livestock rearing. The study recommends that development of the livestock industries in Pakistan focus on establishing a viable market for dairy products, expanding the asset base for livestock production, and introducing a number of policy interventions focused on wom...
Muhammad Asad1, Safdar Ali1, Muhammad Ramzan Ansar2, Ijaz Ahmad3*, Muhammad Suhaib4 and Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar5
...2014. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications, with a plot size of 06 x 04 m2. Four different herbicides were applied as post emergence with three different doses each viz:,Ally max @ 34.58, 46.11 and 23.04 g ha-1, Lihua @ 53.34, 72.4 and 36.23 g ha-1, and Wheat Star @ 370.5, 494 and 247 g ha-1 and Buctril super 60% EC @ 741, 988 and 494 ml ha-1. An untreated control and hand weeded plot was also included...
Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar1,2*, Muhammad Tahir2, Abid Ali3, Manzoor Hussain3, Muhammad Waheed Anwar4, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar5 and Ijaz Ahmad6
...and moringa are rich in plant nutrients and becoming popular in farming community as a green manure. An experiment was conducted for evaluating green maunuring of moringa and jantar along with inorganic fertilizers to enhance the yield and quality attributes of autumn maize at Agronomic Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. There were two factors, green manuring (No green m...
Ehtisham Shakeel Khokhar1*, Amir Shakeel1, Muhammad Amir Maqbool1, Muhammad Waheed Anwar1, Zoraiz Tanveer1 and Muhammad Fahad Irfan2
...genetic advance and correlation among 20 F1 hybrids and 9 parents in upland cotton. Line × tester mating design was deployed to develop crosses and 29 cotton genotypes were field planted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replications to assess the genotypes for plant height (cm), number of sympodial branches, number of monopodial ...
Semra Benzer1,* and Recep Benzer2
...ch are Length - Weight Relations and Artificial Neural Networks from Uluabat Lake regarding narrow-clawed crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz 1823) between 2015 and 2016. The relationships between total length (TL) and total weight (TW); carapace length (CL) for Astacus leptodactylus caught from Uluabat Lake were presented with tradional method of length-weight re
Haidar Ali* and Malik Muhammad Shafi
..., and Charsadda. Four villages were selected two each from the sampled districts. Analysis showed that the coefficients of household size, educational level of the sampled respondent, age of the sample small farmer, were positively related to the off-farm employment. While farm area operated was negatively but significantly related to off-farm employment. Simila
Guang-Xin E1, Yong-Ju Zhao1, Yue-Hui Ma2, Ming-Xing Chu2, Jia-Hua Zhang1, Zhong-Quan Zhao1, Hui-Jiang Gao2, Huai-Zhi Jiang3, Di Liu4, Li Liu5, Yan-Bin Zhu6, Wang-Dui Basang6, Luo-Bu Danjiu7, Tian-Wu An8, Xiao-Lin Luo8, Shi-Cheng He7 and Yong-Fu Huang1,*
...to research on the molecular mechanisms of dominant follicle selection in goats. In this study, 90276370 and 115579236 clear reads in dominant and nondominant follicles of goat were generated through Illumina paired-end sequencing, and their mapping rate was 84.99% and 84.47%, respectively. A total of 12577 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 6009 upregulated and 6568 downregu
Hailong Dong1, Hui Zhang2, Kun Li2, Khalid Mehmood2,3, Mujeeb Ur Rehman2, Fazul Nabi2, Yajing Wang2, Zhenyu Chang1,2, Qingxia Wu1,* and Jiakui Li1,2,*
...ia coli (E. coli) isolated from piglets having white score diarrhea as a result of outbreak occurred in Qinghai Tibetan Plateau in 2015. A total of 81 E.coli were isolated from 83 fecal samples. The organisms were inoculated on MacConkey agar and EMB agar and identified via biochemical tests. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect repres...
Imran Ali Rajput1*, Tajwer Sultana Syed1, Ghulam Hussain Abro1, Imran Khatri1 and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi2
... of local farmer and similarly aroused the serious problem of pest resistance. The introduction of transgenic cotton since last decades has played a significant role in suppressing the pest population of Pectinophora gossypiella (Saund) which is the main pest of cotton in all over the world. Nevertheless, the...
Imtiaz Ahmed, Muhammad Abbas Khan, Noorullah Khan, Naveed Ahmed, Abdul Waheed, Fazal Yazdan Saleem, Sajjad Khan and Sohail Aslam
...o determine the optimum plant spacing in order to abate garlic rust and maximize garlic crop yield. The experiment was carried out in RCB design with three replications; garlic cultivar (china) and three levels of intra-row spacing (10, 15 and 20 cm) were included in the study. Data regarding disease occurrence, disease severity, plant height (cm), bulb weight (g), bulb diameter (mm), clove weight (g), number of cloves bulb-...
Jie Wu1, Jiagui Zhu2, Ke Wang2, Dejing Cai2, Yingying Liu1, Yanzhen Bu1,* and Hongxing Niu1,*
...nd restore the small population in Henan Province, China, a reintroduction program was conducted in the Dongzhai National Nature Reserve in 2007. Wild birds bred in semi-wilderness were reintroduced. Habitat selection and breeding ecology of crested ibis in Dongzhai National Nature Reserve has not been studied. To clarify the breeding status of the crested ibis and to provide more reference for the reintroduction of this spe...
Fahad Tanveer1, Adnan Afzal2, Muhammad Adeel3*, Sana Shahid4 and Maham Masood5
...lides (SNAGs) versus Maitland manual therapy in improving non-specific neck pain. It was a quasi-experimental study design. The study was conducted in Chaudhary Muhammad Akram, Teaching & Research Hospital, Lahore and Suriya Azeem Teaching Hospital, Lahore within six months from June 2015 to December 2015. A total of 75 subjects with non-specific neck pain using non-probability convenience sampling technique who fulfilled the specific inclusion and exclusi...
Sana Imran1*, Sarwat Jahan2 and Mohammad Sair3
...psoriasis vulgaris were placed into A and B groups. The Betamethasone valerate treated patients were placed in group A while Calcipotriol treated patients were placed in group B; 40 patients in each group. The Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI criterion) was used to observe improvement in psoriatic patients taking these drugs.In this randomized and comparative study, psoriasis severity w...
Bibi Haleema1*, Abdur Rab1 and Syed Asghar Hussain2
...g the growth and fruit related attributes of tomato. The experiment was conducted using Randomized Complete Block (RCB) Design with 3 factors, replicated 3 times. Calcium (0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9%), Boron (0, 0.25, 0.5%) and Zinc (0, 0.25, 0.5%) were applied as foliar spray three times. Calcium application at 0.6% increased plant height (88.04 cm), number of primary (2.63) and secondary (7.15) branches, leaves p
Riaz Alam* and Muhammad Sajid
...2014. The experiment was laid out according to Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors factorial arrangement. Air layerings were practiced on July 1, 16, 31; August 15, 30 and September 14 in plants of olive cultivars Frontoio, Manzanilla, Ottobratica, Pendolino and Picual. Significant variations were recorded among olive cultivars regarding as...
Temel Gokturk1, Elif Tozlu2,* and Recep Kotan2
.../div>...
Falah Baiee1,3, Wahid Haron1,*, Rosnina Yusoff1, Ariff Omar,2 Nurhusien Yimer1, Salman Hammadi1, Tarig Ahmedeltayeb1, Asmatullah Kaka4
...llection by electro ejaculation method. The normal electro ejaculation method of semen collection (Method I) was compared to a modified method involving three stages of graduated electrical stimulation (Method II) in four crossbred bulls. The results showed that intensive muscle spasm, bull struggling and arc back were reduced (p ˂ 0.05), as well as the time of penile protrusion (p = ...
Ajmal Khan Kassi1,*, Humayun Javed1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
...g resistant cultivars is lacking, therefore, the objective of the present study was to identify resistant sources from among the available commercial okra cultivars. Okra cultivars showed significant variations from comparative susceptibility to comparative resistance. On the basis of fruit and shoot infestation caused by H. armigera,Manchali, RK-516, OH-152 and Tarnab Nargis were found comparatively susceptible, Rama...
Ibrar Muhammad Khan1, Rifat Ullah Khan1,*, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2, Tahir Usman2, Adnan Khan1, Zakir Ullah1 and Hamid Rehman1
..., progressive motility, plasma membrane integrity, acrosomal and DNA integrity, seminal pH and dead sperm percentage in fresh and thawed semen. Data were subjected to one way analysis of variance. High sperm individual motility (85.12 ± 0.51%), progressive motility (20.25 ± 0.47%), plasma membrane integrity (82.25 ± 0.43%), acrosomal integrity (79.91 ± 0.51%), and DNA integrity (98.54 ± 0.1...
Quang Minh Dinh
...ttle is known on its population parameters. This study was carried out at downstream of Hau River in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam to provide fundamental information on the population biology of T. vagina based on length-frequency distribution analysis of 1,527 individuals. The male to female T. vagina ratio was not significantly different within and between seasons, and the parameters of the von Berta
Shumaila Ashfaq1, Liaqat Ali2*, Muhammad Ashraf Zia2, Rizwan Ahmad Khan2 and Mehtash Butt3
...esia and obstetrics of Allama Iqbal Medical College, Jinnah hospital (tertiary care) conducted from13th June 2014to 13th December 2014. Sample size was calculated 60 (30 each) cases using 95% confidence interval, 80% power of test. Patients who developed PDPH after spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean section were divided into 2 group; Group A (Conventional Treatment) and Group B, (Conventional Tre...
H.I. Hosein1, Sherin Reda Rouby1*, Ahmed Menshawy1 and Ahmed E. AbdAl-Ghany2
...acteriological and molecular basis. A total of 141 cows from brucella infected farms under quarantine of the veterinary authorities were employed. Serological examination using BPAT, RBT and CFT in 141 cows revealed 109 (77. 3), 105 (74.47) and 104 (73.76) seropositive respectively. Relative sensitivity, relative specificity, positive predictive value an...
Qunhua Han1,2, Meiwen Zhang1,*, Cong Guo2, Xunjun Zhou1, Bo Li1 and Yong Wang1
...Microtus fortis calamorum from birth through approximately 3 months of age with respect to growth. Vole pups were randomized into litters of 1-2 (LD, low density), 3-5 (MD, medium density), and 6-9 (HD, high density) individuals, and the body weight, body length, tail length, and hind foot length were measured and curve-fitted by using Von Bertalanffy and Logistic equations. Instantaneous growth rates and growth a...
Anan Kenthaoand Pornpimol Jearranaiprepame*
... apogon from six populations of three different river drainages: Pong, Chi, and Mun Rivers. Thirty-two truss measures and standard length were obtained using digital calliper from 291 fish individuals, and raw measured data were then subjected to allometric equation to remove size-dependent variation prior further statistical analyses. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated highly significant differences in morphometric characters between pop...
Wali Khan1,*, Noor-Un-Nisa2 and Aly Khan3
...% (n=77/252), Giardia lamblia 15.0% (n=38/252), Ascaris lumbricoides 17% (n=43/252), Trichuris trichura 11.1% (n=28/252), Enterobius vermicularis 9.52 (n=24/252), Ancylostoma duodenale 3.96% (n=10/252), Taenia saginata 9.52% (n=25/252) and Hymenolepis nana 2.77% (n=7/252) were detected in order of their prevalence. The adults were found marginally more parasitized than childre...
Muhammad Iqbal1, Khalid Usman2*, Muhammad Munir3 and Muhammad Sohail Khan1
...ning. Fresh male strand placement technique was used in this study. Strands were cut from a freshly opened male spathe and 2 – 3 strands were placed between the strands of the female inflorescence. Data were collected for fruit set (%), fruit drop (%), fruit yield (kg palm-1) and wide range of physico-chemical quality parameters. Results revealed that pollination times affected all the parameters significantly. Maximum...
Ümit Kumbıçak, Zübeyde Kumbıçak* and Gülnare Huseynli
...of meiosis of Hersiliola bayrami were determined based on Giemsa-stained testicular chromosomes for the first time. Results of spermatogonial metaphases showed that the chromosome number and the karyotype formula of the species was 2n♂=35 (X1X2X30) which is the first record for the family Hersiliidae. Both autosomes and sex chromosomes were acr...
Muhsan Ali Kalhoro1,2, Danling Tang1,*, Ye Hai Jun1, Morozov Evgeny1, Sufen Wang1 and Muhammad Aslam Buzdar2
...spp. to evaluate the population state of crab fishery from Pakistani waters. The catch and effort data of crab fishery from 1999-2009 were obtained from and handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan. Two computer software programs CEDA and ASPIC were used which were based on surplus production models. From CEDA Fox, Schaeder and Pella-Tomlinson were used with initial proportion (IP) 0.9 were used because the starting catc...
Bacillus subtilis BML5 Isolated from Soil Contaminated with Poultry Waste has Keratinolytic Activity
Aqsa Imtiaz and Abdul Rehman*
...sent study aim was to isolate keratinolytic bacteria from the soil contaminated with poultry waste. From amongst nine bacterial keratinase producing isolates were found. The BML5 isolate was identified as Bacillus subtilis based on biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA Ribotyping. B. subtilis BML5 showed maximal keratinase activity at 37°C and at pH 8. An incre...
Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,2, Abdul Majid Khan1,*, Ghazala Roohi3 and Muhammad Akhtar1
...es on dental enamel hypoplasia have been used by different paleontologists as stress indicator in evaluation of palaeo-environments. The present study involves the analysis of enamel hypoplasia in seven extinct giraffid species to determine and compare stress periods during the early Miocene to Pleistocene ages of the Siwaliks of Pakistan. Enamel hypopla...
Saswati Roy1, Rakesh Pashi2, S. Dey3 and Shantanu Jha2
...Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia and West Bengal during June 2015 to April 2016. Landscapes of the area can be classified into two major categories: agricultural fields and non-agricultural areas. Observations on birds were taken twice a week, at early morning, starting from just after the sunrise around 7a.m and till before sunset up to 5.30 pm. Data were collected by using the line transect method. Total 74 number of b...
Pan Hong, Ruonan Li, Yumeng Li, Hainan Lan* and Xin Zheng*
...ernalization and subcellular distribution of growth hormone (GH) from humans and rats have been extensively reported. However, to date, there are no descriptions of the cell behaviour of porcine GH in domestic animals. Thus, freshly isolated porcine hepatocytes were used as a somatic cell model to study the internalization and subcellular localization of porcine growth hormone (pGH), and t...
Gut Microbe Analysis between Asthma Patients and Healthy Volunteers in Shaanxi Province, Xian, China
Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Muhammad Shahzad2, Xiaokang Wu3, Chaofeng Ma4 and Jiru Xu1,*
...g disease that causes inflammation and narrows the air passages. Present study aimed to characterize the gut microbiota of asthma patients and to investigate the alteration in similarity and diversity of gut microbial composition with comparison of healthy controls. Fecal samples from fifteen patients and five healthy individuals were collected. PCR-DGGE, by using universal primers focusing V3 region of 16S rRNA gene, was pe...
Muhammad Saqlain1, Humaira Kalsoom1, Muhammad Fiaz1,2, Abid Mahmood1, Rizwan Aziz Qazi4 ,Waseem Safdar5, Pakeeza Arzoo Shaiq1,Bernard M.Y. Cheung3 and Ghazala Kaukab Raja1,*
...>FABP2 gene variant Ala54Thr has been proposed as an important risk marker for insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). In this study the association of Ala54Thr polymorphism with MetS and its risk components was studied in a local Pakistani population. MetS subjects and controls were recruited from out-patient departments of Pakistani hospitals. A
Relationship of PIT-1 Gene Polymorphism with Breeding Parameters and Body Weights of Cows and Calves
Jarosław Pytlewski1, Ireneusz Antkowiak1 and Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska2,*
...ity of calves in Polish Black-and-White Holstein-Friesian cattle. The analysis included 1024 cows and 3663 calves of the Polish Black-and-White Holstein-Friesian breed (phf). The study included an analysis of one polymorphic place PIT-1 (c.1178G>A). The source data used to calculate the indicators of reproduction were collected from cows inseminated b...
İbrahim Aytekin1,*, Ecevit Eyduran2, Koksal Karadas3, Rifat Akşahan4 and İsmail Keskin1
...al live weight were calculated. To reveal the highest predictive ability in the MARS algorithm, numbers of terms and basis functions were set at 21 and 45 where order of interactions was three. Except for CD, other predictors were entered into MARS model. MARS showed very high predictive capability (R2=0.9717, R2ADJ=0.9643, SDRATIO= 0.168 and r=0.986) for the data evaluated in the investigation. Also, GCV value of th...
Rafiullah*, Muhammad Jamal Khan and Dost Muhammad
...ater tubs containing Hoagland solution without P. The treatments included 0, 18, 36, 72, 144 and 216 mM as KH2PO4 solution foliarly applied three times with one week intervals starting after two weeks of seedlings transplantation. Each treatment unit consisted of 10 seedlings arranged in CR design with three replications. Plant height, shoot and root dry biomass of 6 weeks old seedling wer...
Muhammad Siraj-ud-Din1,2, Riaz Aziz Minhas1, Usman Ali3,*, Mayoor Khan2, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Nuzhat Shafi1 and Basharat Ahmad1
...other hand, agricultural lands (3.24%) and dry alpine zone/permanent snowfield (3.66%) were the least preferred habitats of urial in Gilgit Baltistan. Thirty-six (36) plant species were recorded to be consumed by the Ladakh urial in Gilgit Baltistan. Ladakh urial used Artemisia maritima (n=53) with 18.34% of observations followed by Olea ferruginea (n=28, 9.69%), Ephedra intermedia (n=25, 8.65%), Pist...
Hayat Badshah1, Farman Ullah1, Paul-André Calatayud2, Hidayat Ullah3 and Bashir Ahmad1
...to the locality and the plants on which P. solenopsis is feeding. In this context, this experiment investigated under field and laboratory conditions the influence of the host plant of P. solenopsis on the parasitism success and the female fitness of A. bambawalei, Five plant species, commonly found to be host of P. solenop...
Sayyed Ghyour Abbas1, Muhammad Adeeb Babar1,*, Muhammad Akbar Khan1, Kiran Aftab2, Ayesha Riaz3, Abdul Ghaffar4 and Muhammad Akhtar1
...hern Pakistan. The assemblage presents seven bovid species Pachyportax latidens, P. cf. nagrii, Selenoportax cf. vexillarius, Tragoportax punjabicus, T. cf. salmontanus, Elachistoceras khauristanensis and Gazella lydekkeri. The boselaphines a...
Serap Gelibolu1,*, Yasemen Yanar2, M. Ayce Genc3 and Ercument Genc4
...omposition shown no-correlation between treated and control groups (p>0.05). During the course of whole body examination, a positive correlation between MOS-fed and control-fed fish was observed for monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, these observations were not apparent in fillet samples. Profiling of the hepatic fatty acid clarified insignificant diff...
Saleh S. Alhewairini1,* and Mahmoud M. Al-Azzazy1,2
... urticae, on tomato plants, was tested under greenhouse and laboratory conditions. A sharp reduction in the population of T. urticae was obtained after one week of applying Huwa-San TR50 at a rate of 4000 ppm. This resulted in mortalities of 82.10 and 78.60% under greenhouse and laboratory conditions, respectively. The side effects of Huwa-San...
Saleh S. Alhewairini
...was evaluated under both laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory, oxamyl had significant effects on the mortality of RPW. After exposure to direct spray of oxamyl, adult mortality was 62, 82 and 100% whereas larvae mortality was 72, 77 and 100% after 1, 24 and 48 h, respectively. Alive adult and larvae were completely paralyzed after 24 hours....
Rana Hanan1*, Muhammad Waqar Shafi1, Sumair Anwar2 and Numrah Nawaz1
...ut on the students of Shalamar Medical and Dental College. Students were aged from 18-25 years and a sample of 100 students was enrolled by stratified random sampling after written consent. We recorded blood pressure at three different time points, one minute apart in sitting position after ten minutes of rest. The average of three measurements was considered as final reading. Data regarding related variables was entered and...
Xiaoting Zhang1,2, Jiaxiang Wang1,2,*, Peng Li1,2,* and Lixun Ye1,2
...rstitial tissue formed a layer of serosa on the surface of the lung. The parenchyma of the lung consisted of bronchial levels, atria and respiratory capillaries. The bronchi were divided into the primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi. The wall of the tertiary bronchus had openings for the atria and respiratory capillaries. The respiratory capillaries w...
Lihong Qin1, Guoliang Zhang1, Chaojie Zhu1, Jian Wu1, Zhihui Zhao2,* and Yumin Zhao1,*
...anded RNAs which can regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and involve in the development of sperm. Meanwhile, DUSP4, PDK4 and FKBP1B were also found to participate in testis development and spermatogenesis. In this study, online software and luciferase reporter gene system were used to predict and verify the target relationship between miR-122 and DUSP4/PDK4, miR-449a an...
Bian Xunguang1,2, Li Jiancheng1, Xu Chu1 and Yang Li2,3,4,*
...age.
...
Tanzeela Riaz1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2,* and Syed Shahid Ali3
..., ethylmorphine-N demethylase and aniline 4-hydroxylase) and soluble protein contents of a wheat grain pest, Trogoderma granarium collected from godowns of Punjab, Pakistan. Six populations of khpara beetle with different levels of susceptibility to phosphine were used in this study. Based on LC50, five populations (previously exposed t...
Rana Fartab Shoukat1, Shoaib Freed1,*, Kanwar Waqas Ahmad1 and Ateeq-ur-Rehman2
...auveria bassiana (isolates Bb-01, Bb-10), Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae (isolate Ma-11.1, Ma-2.4)and Isaria fumosorosea (isolates If-2.3, If-02) and chemical insecticides i.e., bifenthrin, lambda cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, triazophos, spinosad, pyriproxyfen and nitrinpyrum, as la
Wanrong Wei and Weiguo Zhang*
... animals by providing a place for rearing young, sleeping, hibernation, food storage, protection from predators and extreme environment, and the function of burrows varies with the degree of burrow complexity. We studied the burrow architecture (length, internal dimensions, fractal dimension of tunnel systems, number of nesting chambers and surface holes) by excavating the tunnels of 24 burrow systems of the plateau pika (
Muhammad Nabeel,1,* Humayun Javed1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
...is is the 3rd largest cultivated crop. The yield of maize is greatly affected by many insect pests and maize borer (Chilo partellus Swinhoe) has been identified as one of the major limiting factors to maize production throughout the world. As the information regarding its distribution is lacking therefore, its incidence and prevalence was determined in seven major maize growing districts of Punjab during 20...
Salma Javed, Saima Majeed, Nasira Kazi and Shahina Fayyaz*
...
...
SHARIF UDDIN, MD. HASIBUL HASAN, MOHAMMED MAHBUB IQBAL, MOHAMMAD AMZAD HOSSAIN
...and HSI were inversely related with each other. The fecundity was counted from the month of April to July by using gravimetric method where absolute fecundity during April was 16832.80± 673.34 and during July was 46186.14±2219.15. The relationship between gonad weight and fecundity, body weight and fecundity showed strong positive relation with regression co-efficie...
Safdar Ali1*, Ghulam Abbas Shah1, Muhammad Naveed Tahir1, Shahid Mehmood2, Asim Gulzar3 , Ijaz Ahmad4 and Bashir Ahmad Khan5
... effects of different tillage systemscombined with glyphosate herbicide on soil moisture content,bulk density and porosity associated with wheat grain yield were evaluated. Seven tillage treatments were applied in the fallow periods (summer seasons) of both years before sowing of wheat crop. These tillage treatments were (i) Once Mould board plowing followed by 8 cultivations with p
Tariq Mahmood*1, Syed Wasif Ahmed Shah1, Muhammad Rais1, Hira Fatima1, Faraz Akrim1 and Muhammad Sajid Nadeem2
... behavior of birds that plays an important role during their different life stages. Nest composition and location are important factors in studying utility of plant material by avifauna. The current study investigated nesting use of tree species by avifauna at Pabbi Range Forest Kharian (32.811°N and 73.865°E), District Gujrat, from September 2013 to June 2015. Data were collected from five selected sampling sites by...
Faiza Ambreen*1 and Muhammad Javed2
...C50 were calculated and fish were exposed to these concentrations, separately in glass aquaria for 70 days at constant laboratory conditions. Peripheral blood erythrocytes were taken on 14, 28, 42, 56 and 70 day of exposure for the DNA damage assessment in-terms of percentage of damaged cells. In general, a dose dependent response was observed in fish erythrocytes with induction...
Ghazala Saeed1, Rabia Wajid1* and Ayesha Yousaf Dar2
... section.
...
Naila Riaz1 , Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2* , Khizar Samiullah3
...ptera: Aphididae) in the laboratory. R. erysimi were treated orally as well as topically with different concentrations of the crude venom. All aphids died within 6 hr with oral treatment at 1.5µl of the venom dose. However, at the same venom dose, 100% mortality was achieved at 8 hr posttreatment when applied topically. Similarly, oral administration of 1µl and 0.5µl venom caused 100% mortality at 8 hr post...
Irfan1* , Arshad Javid2 , Muhammad Altaf3 , Muhammad Shahbaz3 , and Khalid Javed Iqbal4
...usmn;0.01 µmol/L, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 35.56±1.16iu/L and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 44.16±1.83 iu/L were recorded for adult birds while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) values were significantly (P<0.05) higher 104.86±16.39 iu/L in grower birds. Similarly, the rearing systems also influenced biochemical parameters of M. gallopavo and significantly (P<0.05) higher values for cholest...
Warda Fatima1 , Shahida Hasnain1 , Saqib Mahmood2
... biochemical test is available for its diagnosis. It is considered one of the most costlydisease in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Its heritability content is considered to be up to 80% but still it isunknown whether it’s a pure genetic disease. It is considered a polygenic multifactorial condition where both genes and environment have roles in disease development. In the present study we selected a family withmultiple schizophrenic patients and have ...
Sidra Iqbal1, Muhammad Irfan2*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Fouzia Tabbsum1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1
... and without steam (autoclaving at 121oC for 15min and 15psi). After pretreatment, cellulase production was conducted in 250ml Erlenmeyer flask at 50 ºC, pH 5 with shaking speed of 120 rpm using 2% pretreated eucalyptus leaves as carbon source and 2% v/v inoculum size in submerged fermentation for 24h. Results showed that among these two treatments, only chemical treated substrates ga...
Haji Muhammad1, 2, Zafar Iqbal1, Qamar Bashir2, Muhammad Amir Hanif3
...describe length-weight relationship and condition factor of 18 cat fish species belonging to five families of Indus River in Taunsa barrage from Punjab, Pakistan. The value of length weight relationship (LWR) equation and condition factor (K) ranged W= -0.249 TL0.79 – W= -2.803 TL3.55 and 0.07 – 1.69 respectively. The objective of this study was to determine LWR and condition factor of cat fish species of Indus R...
Gamalat Osman1, Mansour Galal1, Abbas Abul-Ezz2, Ahmad Mohammed1, Mohammed Abul-Ela3 and Asmaa Mostafa Hegazy2
...nstrated that PAHs accumulation in the treated snails was fluctuated with time. The accumulation is due to their biotransformation process during metabolism. The histopathological observations of the gills and mantle of L. carinatus showed pronounced alterations at 24 hours and proliferated at the day 15 but showed a further decline at the day 30 of exposure. These findings seem to be time rela
Ayesha Aihetasham1*, Khalid Zamir Rasib2, Syeda Rida Hasan1, Imran Bodlah3
...acts of three medicinal plants viz., Carica papaya (paw paw), Helianthus annus (Sunflower) and Bougainvillea glabra (Paper flower) against Heterotermes indicola. The leaf extract of C. papaya caused highest mortality i.e. 100% of 10%, 5% and 3% concentration. Bougainvillea glabra and H. annus caused 100% mortality at 10% and 5% concentration while 96.4% ...
Muhammad Khalid, Muhammad Naeem*
...cted Ctenopharyngodonidella were studied to know their correlation with reference to size (TL and W), and types of growth pattern. Correlation coefficient (r) value (0.984) shows high significant relationship between total length and wet body weight, while growth pattern was isometric as value of ‘b’ being 2.97 (95% confidence interval of b =...
Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad1*, Syed Makhdoom Hussain1, Farhat Jabeen1, Abdullah Ijaz Hussain 2,Sajjad Ahmad3, Abida Ashraf4,Muhammad Zubair-ul-Hassan Arsalan1
... addition on mineral availability to fishfingerlings fed Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) based test diets. Anti-utritional factors (phytate) are present in plant by-products reduces the bioavailability of minerals to fish, resulting in poor fish erformance. Test ingredient was used as M.oleiferaleaf meal (MOLM) to prepare six experimental diets that were supplemented with graded levels o...
Fatima Arshad1, Muhammad Irfan2*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3, Fouzia Tabbsum3, Javed Iqbal Qazi3
...nt with and without autoclaving at 121oC for 15 min. The enzyme production was carried out in an Erlenmeyer flask of 250mL capacity using pretreated peanut shells as substrate by Bacillus subtilis K-18 in submerged fermentation at 50 °C for 24 h. Results revealed that acid pretreatment was found more effective for cellulase production as compared to thermochemical pretreatment. The max...
Naeem Iftikhar1, Qamar Zaman Qamar2, Usman Ali3, Muhammad Siddique Awan4, Syeda Shaista Bibi4, Riaz Aziz Minhas4*
...reas that harbor the population of Cheer pheasant in Pakistan. Study was conducted from July 2010 to June 2011 to determine the potential of these sites as a possible focal point to start Cheer pheasant conservation activities in AJK. A total of 579 individuals was estimated from study sites. Highest population (n=434) was recorded at Qazi Nag Game Reserve, followed by Phalla Game Reserve ...
Maleeha Manzoor1*, Madiha Manzoor2, Qurat-ul-ain Ahmed3, Sobia Ahmed4, Shazia Manzoor5
Maryum Fakhar, Iqra Jabbar, Anjum Nasim Sabri*
...s for use of bacteria isolated from saline environment and to check their biofilm forming ability under nickel stress. Our previous results showed that these bacteria are capable of producing proline, glycine betaine, choline and other osmolytes under NaCl stress. On the basis of those results it is hypothesized that this osmolyte production ability may help them in nickel resistance under Ni salt stress. This study was centered on assessing the adherence, mot...
Asma Akhtar, Abdul Rehman
... present study was to isolate tellurite resistant acteria from industrial wastewater. Two bacterial isolates were identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus lactis on the basis of biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequence. The minimum inhibitory concentration of both isolates showed fair growth up to 1 mM of K2Te2O3. Both strains showed ma...
Bushra Mazhar1, Nusrat Jahan1, Nazish Mazhar Ali1, Saiqa andleeb2, Shaukat Ali2*
...plore local bacterial isolates for vanillin production using waste residues of rice bran oil. After the screening of different bacterial isolates, a novel strain Enterobacter hormaechei showed significant production of vanillin when inoculated in waste residues of rice bran based media. E. hormaechei produced 5.2 g/l of vanillin in culture media containing ferulic acid as a substrate. Opti...
Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1, Khanum Zahra2, Arooj Zaheer2, Khizar Samiullah3
...types of silk producing gland, spinning process, chemistry of spider silk fiber, mechanical properties and applications of silk in health, military industry and many other fields is discussed. Its antifungal and antimicrobial potentials are also explored. Researchers are trying to introduce advanced methods to manufacture spider silk artificially to enhance silk production. Silk fiber can be designed after determining type and sequence of constituent amino aci...
Telat Yanik1,* and Irfan Aslan2
...climate dictate a weak relationship between global warming and naturally occurring migrations. However, several models have been presented that elucidate the negative impact of global warming on the aquatic biodiversity. While impact of global warming on habitat is imperative, additional factors such as predation, food shortage or heavy fishing may exacerbate the climatic impacts on the aquaculture biodiversity. Based upon current general consensus among resea...
Malak Atiq Ullah Khan* and Fida Mohammad
...ments. Generally, GEI explained major portion of total variation and thus had larger effect than G and E on the expression of phenotype for all traits. Average over nine environments, genotype G-79 exhibited maximum values for tillers m-2 (181 tillers); grains spike-1 (71 grains); grain yield (4862 kg ha-1) and thus appeared as leading genotype for yield and production traits. Similarly, G...
Sajid Muhammad* and Fida Mohammad
...es using GGE model. Germplasm was field-tested using alpha lattice design in two replications at Peshawar (E-1 and E-3), Hangu (E-2 and E-4) and Kohat (E-5) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan during 2011/12 and 2012/13.GGE biplot analysis explained 79.89% (PC1=56.57 and PC2= 23.32%) of the total variation. Genotype G19 positioning on vertex in sectorE-3, E-4 and E-5, while G30 in sector...
Ayesha Aihetasham1,*, Humaira Aziz1 and Khalid Zamir Rasib2
...st Heterotermes indicola. Treatment with Pronil and Mirage during 8 h caused less than 97% mortality in 8 h. LC50 values for Pronil and Mirage were 39.81 ppm and 177.32 ppm, respectively. Pronil was found more toxic than Mirage with low LC50 value however both insecticides revealed to be non-repellent against H. indicola.
...
Rimsha Nawaz1, Muhammad Javed1, Sidra Abbas1* and Safina Kousar2
...ride for 30 days in the glass aquaria with three replications for each treatment. After 30-day exposure of iron chloride, the fish organs viz. kidney and liver were isolated and the peroxidase enzyme activity was analyzed. Activity of peroxidase was assessed by measuring the conversion of guaiacol to tetraguaiacol, spectrophotometrically, at a wavelength of 470 nm. The peroxidase activity was measured in the selected ...
Ikramul Haq1, Aneela Zameer Durrani*1, Muhammad Sarwar Khan1, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq2, Imtiaz Ahmad3, Amjad Khan2 and Mehboob Ali1
...oals were sampled for isolation of bacteria. During the study 294 faecal samples (horse n=217, mules n=23 and donkey n=54) were diagnosed positive for bacteria. The overall prevalence of diarrhea was 72.56% with bacteria in 65.77% of diarrheic cases. The prevalence of different bacterial species shows that E. coli was the most prevalent bacteria with 48.77% as compared to Clostridium perfringens (18.56%) and Salmonella...
Tariq Mahmood1,*, Fakhra Fazal1, Faraz Akrim1, Hira Fatima1 and Muhammad Sajid Nadeem2
...on range in the Potohar Plateau. Morphologically, the two species differ in their body size, so there could be substantial anatomical differences between them, not yet documented. The current study compared morphological and anatomical characteristics of the two species inhabiting the Potohar Plateau. Results showed marked morphological and anatomical differences between two mongoose species studied. External morphometrical ...
Faiza Hassan1, Mubshara Saadia1,*, Muhammad Sher1, Mian Anjum Murtaza2, Muhammad Arshad3,Asam Riaz4 and Mahmood Ahmad Khan5
...remedies are gaining popularity. Black cumin and garlic are found effective against hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Present study was designed to evaluate the relative antidiabetic potential of garlic aqueous (AGE) and petroleum ether (EGE) extracts compared to black cumin (Nigella sativa...
Abu ul Hassan Faiz1,*, Fakhar-i-Abbas2 and Lariab Zahra Faiz2
...sand, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, loam, clay loam, silt loam, silty clay loam). A total of 1571 animals were captured belonging to species of Nesokia indica, Mus musculus, Mus budooga, Millardia meltada, Tatera indica and Golunda elliotti. The maximum number of rodents was captured in loamy soil type with popula
Zahid Farooq1, Sufi Muhammad Akram2, Muhammad Saleem Khan3,* and Muhammad Wajid4
...cer(Coluber ventromaculatus)(7.87%; N = 41) and Common krait (Bungarus caeruleus)(7.49%; N = 39) were higher in prevalence. Northern wolf snake (Lycodon striatus striatus), Sind long-nose sand snake (Lytorhynchus paradoxus)and Afghan awl-head snake(L. ridgewayi)(0.38%; N = 2) were the least abundant. Snakes were more frequent in croplands and least frequent in barren areas.
...
Niamat Ullah Khan1*, Abdul Aziz Khakwani2, Sami Ullah2, Najeeb Ullah2, Abdur Rauf3 and Inam Ullah2
...lign: justify;">Ridge tillage system is one approach to ensure better plant population, save irrigation water, cut cultivation costs and increases cotton yield and quality on sustainable basis. Field trial was conducted in 2013 and 2014 at Cotton Research Station, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan to study the effect of tillage systems [ridg...
Soraya Khosravian Dehordi*, Abdolnaser Mohebbi and Kahin Shahanipour
.... The present study was planned to determine whether an oral administration of nano-selenium (nano-Se) influencing on biomarkers of oxidative status in the rats spleen exposed to the cadmium (Cd) metal. For this purpose, thirty male rats equally divided into six groups, group I received nano-Se (0.1mg/kg) alone as dose, group II selenite odium (0.1mg Se/kg) alone, group III Cd chloride (300mg/250cc), group IV Cd along with nano-Se, group V Cd along with seleni...
Ayesha Aihetasham*, Faiza Qayyum and Muhammad Xaaceph
... the effect of fungus isolates at six different exposure times on Coptotermes heimi (Wasmann), which is one of the major destructive termites of Pakistan. Fungal conidia were repellent to C. heimi. The workers of C. heimi were exposed to fungus for 60, 45, 30, 20, 15, 10 minutes and percentage mortality and consumptions were noted during eight days period. Results showed that workers of C. heimi responded effectively to different exposure time. Percentage mort...
Addishiwot Fekdu, Afework Bekele and Demeke Datiko*
...ecies were: Lophuromys melanonyx (242), Stenocephalemys albocaudata (126), Arvicanthis blicki (86), Mus Mahomet (3), Dendromus lovati (1), and Crocidura fumosa (4). Tachyoryctes macrocephalus was recorded as frequently observed species. Four endemic species of rodents were identified in the area (Lophuromys melanonyx, Arvicanthis blicki, Dendromus lovati and Tachyoryctes macrocephalus). The distribution and abundance of spec...
Farah Rauf Shakoori, Momina Shokat, Faiza Saleem and Tanzeela Riaz
...align: justify;"> Xylanase enzyme is of great importance commercially because of its high stability at elevated temperatures and in alkaline conditions. The present study was aimed to isolate and screen xylanase producing bacteria and to optimize cultural conditions for maximum production of enzyme from locally isolated bacteria and to optimize the ...
Mohammed Mahbub Iqbal*, Mehedi Hasan Kanon, Mohammad Amzad Hossain, Abul Hossain, Shamima Nasren, Md. Jahidul Islam, Md. Arifur Rahman
...he indigenous fish assemblage of Konoskhaihaor for 9 months from May 2014 to January 2015. The Konoskhaihaor area covers 104.50 acres of land containing 6 small to large beels. In the monsoon haor remains under water. A total of 37 fish species belong to 7 orders including prawns were found. Among the 37 species 5 were vulnerable, 7 endangered, 1 critically endangered, 3 exotic, 20 not thr...
Syed Kashif Nawaz*, Faiza Zubair and Sidra Kanwal
...romosomes.
...
Abdul Malik1,2, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Abdul Ghaffar3, Sara Ferrando4 and Lorenzo Gallus4
...nd meat quality of red tilapia, Oreochromis sp. (mean body weight 5±0.07g) were investigated. Juveniles of red tilapia were randomly distributed into seawater tanks (60 cm × 30 cm × 45 cm each). Ten fish were stocked in each tank with 2 replications. Fish were fed with commercial floating pellet (35% protein) at 3% body weight per day for 40 days. Results showed that fish growth was significantly (P...
RuiHua Zhang, YongFang Jia, TingTing Liang, QianWen Yang, QiYan Du and ZhongJie Chang*
...ance in development, a relatively low number have been characterized for freshwater fish. In this study, we were able to gain three full-length SoxD sequences from transcriptome sequencing data of carp: CcSox5, CcSox6 and CcSox13 (Cyprinus carpio SoxD).These genes were verified by sequencing, blast and homology alignment. CcSoxD have two to four exons and encode a 780, 784 and...
Zia ur Rehman1, Naila Chand1, Rifat Ullah Khan2,*, Sarzamin Khan1 and Muhammad Subhan Qureshi3
...v>The present study was planned to study the performance and potential profitability of four commercial broiler strains in two different temperature zones i.e., thermoneutral zone (TN) and high ambient temperature zone (HAT) group. Day-old broiler chicks (n=242) of four different commercial strains (Ross, Hubbard, Cobb and Arber Acer) were placed in brooding room for the first two weeks and then chicks were divided in...
Yakut Gevrekçi* and Çiğdem Takma
... deals with evaluating relationship between egg production (EP) and some related traits by decision tree analysis with Classification and Regression Tree (CART) and Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) algorithms. A total of 1912 EP records of layers which hatched at four different periods were collected from a commercial flock in west of ...
Ozgur Altan*
...a bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) produced by aquaculture into a raw material that can be used in fish feed ingredient by means of a system called flash dryer has been researched. Before being subjected to drying and grinding in the flash dryer system, the FBP have been passed through the press and decanter, and it has been endeavored to separate the liquid part to the extent possible a...
Amjad Khan1,*, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq1, Mansur ud Din Ahmad1, Jawad Nazir1, Zahida Fatima2, Asghar Khan3 and Shahid Hussain Farooqi3
...tober 2015 in equine population. EI is among the OIE or WHO notifiable, contagious equine respiratory diseases. Due to lack of awareness and interest of all the equine industry stakeholders no vaccination against EI is performed, also the information regarding the epidemiology and occurrence of EI is lacking in Pakistan. We hereby attempted to determine the seroprevalence, investigating th...
Yunjun Yan, Zhenming Lü, Tianming Wang, Yongjiu Chen, Jingwen Yang, Baoying Guo, Lihua Jiang, Changwen Wu and Liqin Liu*
...lyzed the phylogenetic relationship with other cephalopod species. The results show that the mitochondrial genome of O. dollfusi composed of 15843 nucleotide pairs and encodes 13 proteins, 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and a major long noncoding region (LNCR) of the mitochondrion’s own protein synthesizing system. Seven of thirteen proteins, eight tRNAs are encoded by the plus strand, while the other proteins and tRNAs, as wel...
Muhammad Usman Saleem1, Saima Masood1,*, Hafsa Zaneb1, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Asim Aslam3, Kamran Ashraf4, Habib-ur-Rehman5, Muti-ur-Rehman3 and Muhammad Shabir Shaheen6
...rom each replicate were slaughtered for analysis of the selected parameters. The results showed that carcass weight and carcass yield were significantly high (p < 0.05) in MOS+OAB compared to MOSG, OABG and CONT. The results of small intestine microarchitecture showed that villus length, villus width, villus to crypt ratio, villus surface area, acidic, mixed and total goblet cells increased significantly (p < 0.05) in birds that were fed MOS and OAB alon...
Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed*
...species.
...
Saara Ahmad1,*, Iftikhar Ahmed2, Saida Haider3, Zehra Batool3, Fatima Ahmed4, Saiqa Tabassum3,6, Syeda Madiha3, Tahira Perveen3 and Saad Bilal Ahmed5
...hyper-lipidemias and imbalance in the steroidal sex hormones may result in the development of cysts in the ovaries with resultant difficulties in reproduction. The present study was done on 75 rats divided randomly in 5 equal groups fed with rat chow, caged chicken meat, uncaged chicken meat, raw spinach and soybean for a period of six weeks. The levels of plasma cholesterol, progestril, estradiol, and androgens were estimat...
Qamar-un-Nisa1, Muhammad Younus2,*, Muti-ur-Rehman1, Azhar Maqbool3 and Sajid Umar4
...rcial broilers were inoculated with either vNDV, E. coli serotype O78 or both agents simultaneously or 3 days apart. The birds were clinically observed and swabbed daily. They were killed at 4 and 14 days after single or dual inoculations and were inspected for gross lesions. Samples of the respiratory organs (trachea, lungs, and air sacs) were taken for histological analyses. All the infected subjects showed clinical...
Tania Ahmed Shakoori1,*, Muhammad Saqib Saeed2, Asif Hanif2, Saima Mukhtar3 and Ayesha Ghauri4
... frequency is directly related to the prognosis of the disease. The objective of this study was to identify the ‘frequent exacerbator’ phenotype and determine the risk factors for increased frequency of acute exacerbations in local chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in a cross sectional analytical study design. For this purpose 137 patients were included in the study after obtaining necessary permissions from the ethical board of...
Muhammad Zahid1*, Muhammad Ather Javed Khan2, Muhammad Idrees3 and Ahmad Kamran Khan4
...t management project was launched in Punjab and run by agriculture extension department. Farmer Field Schools were formed at each village level. Present study was designed to evaluate the role of integrated pest management for cotton production technologies by the registered growers of Hasilpur, Punjab. In order to collect this information an interview schedule was prepared and respondents (150 growers of farmer field school...
Tania A. Shakoori1,*, Soumble Zulfiqar2, Khadija Irfan Khawaja3 and Faisal Masud4
...PK and Akt/mTOR axes regulate cellular energy homeostasis and metabolism. Sodium butyrate (NaB) is a product of healthy gut microbiota and a histone deacetylase inhibitor. Recent studies have shown that NaB activates the intracellular pathways involving key metabolic regulator molecules. However, the effect of NaB on S...
Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Anwar Saeed Khan and Said Alam
...udy was carried out in Balambat Tehsil District Dir Lower. They study is primarily based on questionnaire survey and focus group discussion. A total of fifteen villages out of total 173 were selected for study, 75 farmers were interviewed, 05 from each of the 15 selected villages. A total of 15 focus group discussions were organised, one is each selected villa
Muhammad Tariq1*, Muhammad Khawar Hussain1, Zilakat Khan Malik2 and Noor Jehan1
... purposively selected villages of district Charsadda. Out of 382 producers 176 were located in Tebana Dhere and 206 in Sarkai village. It is find out that 47% of land area was under the cultivation of strawberry with average production of 2898 kilogram per acre. The per acre average values of land preparation, NPK fertilizer, la<...
Tahira Kamal1*, Saeed-Ul-Hassan Khan2, Amir Bin Zahoor3, Khalid Naeem3, Muhammad Naeem Riaz1, Siddra Tayyab Akhtar4, Ghulam Muhammad Ali1*
...ed of this time. Several lab.techniques are developed for rapid detection of FMD but these are expensive and time consuming. Elisa, cell culture, Reverse Transcriptase (RT-PCR) and real time PCR need specific high quality equipments in lab. Whereas Lamp PCR is simple and accurate test for the rapid diagnosis of FMD. This study has been done initially with FMD known serotypes (O, A, Asia1) already in use at animal health.Vira...
Lowell Gustafson
... goal is to expand a secular view of Big History to one of Cosmic History that includes a view of God as its author or co-author. I quibble at a number of points: (1) big historians and some scientists see meaning in nature and history despite Peters’ claim to the contrary; (2) even though most big historians are atheists or agnostics they are still interested in religion because they want to know why people believe wh...
Waqas Liaqat1, Mohammad Akmal1* and Jawad Ali
...e food crop, is grown on largest cropped area every year for food and fodder in Pakistan. Nonetheless, its yield is low with almost half of the national average in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province. The study aims to find outoptimum sowing time for a suitable variety (OPV or hybrid) in Peshawar. Field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, the University of Agriculture Peshawar during summer 2016. Experiment was a randomized complete block with spli...
Ann Milliken Pederson
...f water. Indeed, Peters claims that humans have an “ontological thirst” for the ultimate and this book attempts to satisfy the thirst or at least provide the water to drink. In a world where fragmentation, brutality, and chaos mark the lives of so many, it is no wonder that people long for wholeness, healing, transformation, and an encounter with the ultimate. Ted Peters’ new book locates the vocation of humankind within their cosmic home, br...
Nancy R. Howell
...sing the issue of particularity? (2) In what ways does Peters lead us to deeper thinking about the nature of God? Surely, reflection on these two questions will show that Peters has generated a fruitful method for and approach to Cosmic History.
...
Muhammad Zamin* and Abdul Mateen Khattak
... turf purposes in public landscape under saline environments. ...
Francisco J. Ayala
... to see. Teleological explanations are required in biology for (1) goal oriented behavior; (2) self-regulating systems; and (3) the function of organs and limbs. On the other hand, the natural history of evolution does not require a Creator or a planning agent external to the organisms themselves. There is no scientific evidence of any vital force or immanent energy directing the evolution...
Ted Peters
...Science, Francisco J. Ayala. I offer responses to each critique.
...
Ayesha Bibi*, Musharaf Ahmad and Shaukat Hussain
... tomato (BCT) caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), in a set of 20 weeds commonly found in tomato fields of major tomato growing areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, Northwest Pakistan. Based on agroclimate, KP was divided into five zones as Northern KP, Southern KP, Eastern KP, Western KP and Central KP. A total of 100 collected weed samples were analyzed in laboratory for the presence of bac...
...f siblings that was correlated with group of the same composition at Safari zoo Lahore. The frequency of different behavior patterns displayed by these lions was studied at both study sites for three hours once a week by instantaneous sampling method for 16 weeks, from 18th April to 8th July in 2014. The frequency of stereotypic behavior including auto mutilation, ref...
Shahid Mehmood1,*, Bushra Nisar Khan1, Hassan Raza1, Rida Ahmad1, Azhar Muhammad3, Zulfiqar Ali2, Farhan Abid1, Fehmeeda Bibi4 and Syed Maviz Ahmed5
...es tristis (n=327), black-crowned night heron, Nycticorax nycticorax (n=190) and jungle babbler, Turdoides striatus (n=186). Among 71 species, Alexandrine parakeet, Psittacula eupatria was the only near threatened species: all other species were least concern. Human population pressure, habitat degradation and lack of awareness a...
Abdul Malik1,2, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Abdul Ghaffar3, Sara Ferrando4, Lorenzo Gallus4 and Syed Sajjad A. Shah2,3
...ssful breeding of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. The duration of study was 56 days. Brooders (48) having mean weight (male 162±0.2 g and female 160±2.5 g) were selected and stocked into hapa nets in 12 fiberglass tanks (2000-liter). Ratio among male and female was 1:3. They were fed with commercial floating pelleted feed constituting 35% crude protein with 2% body weight twice a day. Eggs were coll...
Jo Ik-Hwan1, Choi Kwang-Won1 and Muhammad Fiaz2,*
...other manure levels. Similarly, results depicted little different pattern when rye was mixed sown with pea that DM and TDN yield was not different (P>0.05) when compared with rye monoculture, whereas CP yield was higher in mixed forage than control but carrying capacity was higher (P<0.05) at all manure levels except 150 kg N/ha. It was concluded from findings of present study that mixed growing strategy of rye with local hairy vetch didn’t need an...
Syed Asif Imran Shah1*, Shah Jehan Khan2, Kalim Ullah1 and Obaid Ullah Sayal2
...: justify;">Sixty four upland cotton genotypes were investigated for genetic divergence regarding yield related attributes, seed cotton yield and fibre quality traits using principle component analysis. The experiment was carried out at Cotton Research Station, Deara Ismail Khan, Pakistan during 2014-15. The triplicated randomized complete block design was followed and attributes of interest were pla...
Muhammad Abubakar,1,2,* Aamer Bin Zahur,1,3 Khalid Naeem1,3, Muhammad Azeem Khan1,3 and Subhan Qureshi4
... the country using molecular tools. A total of eighty-four (n = 84) PPR outbreaks were investigated during the study (2010 to 2013). The highest number of outbreaks was reported from Punjab province (n = 38) followed by Sindh (n = 21) and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK, n = 10). In 48 out of 84 outbreaks, disease occurred in goats only while 18 outbreaks affected sheep only and the remaining occurred in mixed herds. A total of 6221 animals were affected in these outb...
Tasleem Akhtar*, Muhammad Asif Aziz, Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Sheraz Ahmedand Imran Bodlah
...and survival of several plant species. Agricultural productivity depends on population interactions of these pollinators. A field experiment was conducted at PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Research Farm, Koont, Gujar Khan during 2015 to compare the diversity and abundance of different insect pollinators on canola (Brassica napus L. Var. Chakwal Sarsoon) crops along with managed
Muhammad Luqman1,3, Raheel Saqib2*, Xu Shiwei3 and Yu Wen3
...are of female in crops related activities was 42% and in livestock activities was 53%. Inspite of their participation in crops and livestock activities it was found that compared to female respondents, male family heads had access to agricultural extension/advisory and agricultural information services and credit facilities. This is due to the existing social, cultural and religious norms in the society of Pakistan. The results of the t-test statistics showed ...
Imran Khan*, Zahir Shah, Wiqar Ahmad, Farmanullah Khan and Muhammad Sharif
...the effect of shallow tillage (ST, cultivator 0-20cm) and deep tillage (DT, moldboard plough 0-40cm) and different organic and inorganic fertilizers application to wheat crop on organic matter, micro-nutrient status and physical properties of soil at the NDF Farm, the University of Agriculture, Peshawar during 2015-16. The study was planned in RCB split plot design with fertilizers; contro...
Ronaq Zaman*, Shahid Ali and Inam Ullah
...ed for small, medium and large farms, respectively. The mean calculated technical efficiencies for small, medium and large farms were respectively 0.76, 0.96 and 0.92. This implies that the medium size farms in the study area were the most efficient in resource utilization as compared to small and large size farms whereas the small size farms were the mo...
Senol Celik1,* and Orhan Yilmaz2
... estimate this trait are lacking. Here, we applied classification and regression tree (CART) and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) approaches to estimate the most important variables in predicting the body weight of Turkish Tazi dogs. Using various body measurements, the CART algorithm proposed that withers height (WH), abdominal width (AW), rump height (RH) and chest depth (CD) can significant effect the body ...
Abdul Malik1,2, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Abdul Ghaffar3, Ghulam Dastagir4, Sara Ferrando5, Lorenzo Gallus5, Asad Ali Muhammad1,6, Abdul Jabbar2 and Khalil-ur-Rehman2
... survival rate of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (mean body weight 4.5±0.5 g) were investigated. Fingerlings were randomly distributed into the glass tanks (60 x 30 x 45 cm each). Ten fish per tank were stocked with two replications. Fish were fed with commercial floating pellet (35% protein) with 3% of total biomass day-1 for 50 days. Results showed that the growth increment reared on 10&permil...
Meghan Griffith
...a parallel to one of his landmark views, namely his semicompatibilism about determinism. Fischer defines semicompatibilism about determinism as “the doctrine that moral responsibility is compatible with causal determinism, even if causal determinism rules out freedom to do otherwise” (49). In Our Fate, he suggests that moral responsibility is compatible with foreknowledge, even if foreknowledge rules out this kind of freedom.
...
Saima Akhtar Qureshi1 and Asim Anwar2*, Ather Maqsood Ahmed3
...ulture departments to collaborate with international agencies to introduce sound agriculture practices like Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Pakistan. In IPM technique natural parasites and predators are used to check pest growth instead of pesticides which reduces ecological and health damage. Pesticides are used at the last resort in IMP method so it reduces the cost of production and increases the farmers’ profit...
Muhammad Ijaz Khan* and Amanullah Jan
...from 3-6 irrigation in relation to the critical stages of maize crop were applied. Irrigation consisted of 93 mm water. Three organic soil conditioners viz., farmyard manure (10000 kg ha-1), wheat straw as crop residue (10000 kg ha-1) and two levels of humic acid (2 and 4 kg ha-1), alone and in combinations with gypsum (1000 kg ha-1) as inorganic soil conditioner were applied a week before sowing of maize. Design used was randomized complete block with split p...
Mark Bernstein
... is can in particular that we seem so often to recover , just as we had thought some problem settled, grinning residually up at us like a frog at the bottom of the beer mug.”
Ifs and Cans, J.L. Austin
...
Katherin Rogers
...on which is somewhat similar to the one I take to be the most successful way of dealing with the dilemma of human freedom and divine foreknowledge. He presents the solution as Ockhamism plus “eternalism” and dismisses it quickly in that it requires an “eminently contestable metaphysical picture about the nature of time”.1 I will defend Anselm’s more systematically worked out version of this solution. (My interpreta...
Aqsa Waqar1, Sahir Hameed Khattak2, Sania Begum2*, Tayyaba Rehman1, Rabia1, Armghan Shehzad2, Wajya Ajmal2, Syeda Shahdana Zia2, Iqra Siddiqi2 and Ghulam Muhammad Ali2*
...rly 40% of the total population of the world. Yellow or stripe rust (produced by Puccinia striiformis), is a globally significant disease of wheat. Stripe rust was primarily considered a disease of cooler climate (2°C - 15°C), upper altitudes and northern latitudes, but current epidemics of the disease have confronted this supposition because fresh strains have greater adaptation to higher temperatures and countries...
Wang Jian1, Abdur Rehman2*, Noor Khan3, Wang Zhengjia4, Ji Peng-fei5, Xie Cong6, Muhammad Niamatullah Khan Babar7 and Raheel Saqib8
...atistical analysis, correlation test, Extend Linear Expenditure System (ELES) model, Gray relational analysis and the residual test have been used in this study.The results of the study indicates that all the rural households consumption have the increasing trend except the Engel coefficient shows the declining trend from 39.508% to 29.355%.The study of regression analysis, MPC (marginal propensity to consume) and APC (Avera...
Afsheen Masood1*, Rubab Musarrat2, Shama Mazahir3 and Adeela Ashraf4
...as indicated by the correlation analysis that better greater satisfaction was associated with better quality of life. The findings carry significant implications for clinical professionals, health psychologists, community workers and the future researchers. ...
Aneeza Jamshed1* and Syed Amir Gillani2
...gn: justify;">There is a lack of awareness about hepatitis C due to poverty, involvement of quacks and less penetration of mass media. To develop the awareness of hepatitis C among primary grade students. A total of 150 students of primary grade among 300, of Government sector Middle School Lahore were selected through multistage cluster sampling. A quasi-experimental study was conducted in the time period of 6 months from April 2014 to Sep 2014. Data analysis...
Arooj Fatima1* and Ashfaq Ahmed2
...roups of group A and similarly in group-B. The values were statistically significant i.e., 0.001 for VAS, 0.000 for DASH. P-values obtained for VAS (0.001) and DASH (0.000) when repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied comparing four sub groups. Eccentric exercises give better results in reducing pain intensity and gaining functional outcome with routine physiotherapy maneuvers in subjects having rotator cuff tendinopathy. Eccentric loading tr...
Zehra Mohsin1*, Sarah Shahed2 and Talat Sohail2
...;">To look into the correlation between demographic variables, perceived social support and professional quality of lifeof nurses in public hospitals. A sample of 160 nurses of age (M=33.48, SD=9.18) was selected from public hospitals of Lahore. The nurses completed a demographic information form, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Supportand Professional Quality of Life Scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Two demographic variables, ag...
Muhammad Yahya Noori1*, Saharish Rizwan2, Zaheer Ali3 and Shaheen Sharafat4
...ory of Tuberculosis. Tabulations and analysis were performed in Microsoft Excel® and online calculators. Analysis of contact data showed that only 36% of the patients had a close contact with a known Tuberculosis patient. Chi-square test did not show any association between history of presence of a contact and the patients’ gender (p>0.5). Among the cases with established exposure with a TB patient among close c...
Uzma Zahid
...educational) and their relationship with life-satisfaction in final year medical school students of both genders. This cross-sectional study was carried out in final year students of a medical college in Rawalpindi, Pakistan using 24 items revised English Version of Career Aspiration Scale (CAS) and 5 items Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). This study was conducted on total 88 final year medical school students, among them 44 were males and 44 were females....
Attia Anwar1, Sajida Malik2*, Zobia Usman1 and Sadia Chiragh3
...or Hb (%), WBC, RBC and platelet counts, SGPT, alkaline phosphatse, serum uric acid, blood urea and serum creatinine. All the numerical data were expressed as mean± SD. The values in two groups were analyzed with help of unpaired t-test. A p-value ˂ 0.05 was considered significant. After 24 weeks of treatment with berberine hydrochloride, no significant differences were observed in Hb%, platelet count, liver enzy...
Michael Almeida
...the most compelling formulation of an ancient argument against human freedom.1 According to Pike, God’s foreknowledge that we will perform some action is inconsistent with our freedom to do otherwise. If freedom requires the freedom to do otherwise, then God’s foreknowledge undermines our freedom. Divine foreknowledge that we will perform some action makes alternative actions unavailable to us.
Bruce R. Reichenbach
...tters dealing with the relationship between God’s foreknowledge and human free actions. In what follows I will argue that the incompatibilist view that Fischer and others stalwartly defend results from the particular starting point they choose, and that if one adopts a different starting point about divine knowledge the logical incompatibility they envision and philosophically anguish over evaporates.
...
John Martin Fischer
...rees with me that it is plausible that God’s foreknowledge is incompatible with human freedom to do otherwise. She also agrees with me that this still leaves the question of whether God’s foreknowledge rules out acting freely (and moral responsibility). I defend semicompatibilism about God’s foreknowledge and moral responsibility; thus I hold that acting freely and moral responsibility are compatible with God’s foreknowledge, even if Go...
Bashir Ahmad1*, Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Hayad Zada2, Shahid Sattar1, Toheed Iqbal3, Saddam Hussain1 and Muhammad Saeed4
... 2013 to investigate population dynamics and observe the impact of temperature, relative humidity and rainfall on population of Plutella xylostella (L.) in Cauliflower, Brassica oleracea crop at District Haripur of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Field studies results showed that the population ...
Shahid Iqbal1*, Amir Nawaz Khan2, Mushtaq Ahmad Jadoon3 and Intikhab Alam3
...o 5 randomly selected villages of District Charsadda. The study findings reveal a significant difference in the area under wheat, maize and vegetables after the flood. At the same time, the area under sugarcane and fodder had also decreased to some extent. Similarly, the use of chemical fertilizers and farm yard manure was also decreased due to decrease in the income of the households after the floods-2010 while an increase,...
Fazal Ullah1*, Muhammad Sajid1, Syeda Leeda Gul2, Bibi Zainub1 and Maaz Khan1
Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman1,Farzana Abbas2,Ghulam Abbas3,*, Arshad Javid4, Ali Hussain4, Syedah Andleeb5,Khalid Javed Iqbal6 and Muhammad Akmal1
...tural food composed of tilapia fry while fish in T1 was fed on 30%, T2 on 35% and T3 on 40% protein diet, respectively. A total of 240 Channa marulius (945 g) were arbitrarily stocked in 12 earthen ponds (90 ft × 70 ft × 4 ft) @ 20 fish per pond. Fish were fed at 5% of their wet body weight two times per day. The net weight gained of broodstock was 103.65 g, 401.25 g, 484.85 g and 565.24 g in control, T1...
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Riaz Hussain2, Kashif Prince1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Mamoona Chaudhry 3, Sehrish Firyal4, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan5 , Mian Saeed Sarwar5, Hazrat Ali5, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Ikramul Haq1 and Muhammad Sajid Hasni3
...tial. Current study was planned to investigate epidemiology of MDR S. aureus in camel milk, and in-vitro therapeutic response to drugs. Two different ecological zones, Cholistan (n=185) and Suleiman Range (n=177) of Pakistan having major population of camel were screened for subclinical mastitis using California mastitis test using convenient sampling technique. Biochemical examination was performed to iso
Kashif Prince1,*, M. Sarwar Khan1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Muhammad Asad Ali2, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Nisar Ahmad3,Rais Ahmed2, Aamerzish Mushtaq4, Sajid Umar4 and Yung-Fu Chang5
...mals were observed in village Nathoki of tehsil Kasur. The risk factors such as Gender (χ2=11.31, df=1, p<0.05), feed components (χ2=4.47, df=1, p<0.05) and high or low milk production (χ2=36.42, df=3, p<0.05) are significantly associated with selenium deficiency. Other risk factors like age of animals (χ2=3.47, df=4, p>0.05) and herd size (χ2=2.45, df=2, p>0.05) are not ...
Samra Imran1,* and Afifa Tanweer2
...kes of meat and fat. Regular intake of carbonated beverages, packaged juices and tea by the participants was associated with poor anthropometric measurements. Contrary to the study hypothesis, increased compliance to GFD and other demographic and dietary factors were not found to be associated with improved nutritional status of the study participants. Results of the present study clearly indicated that the nutritional status of celiac patients could not be pr...
Alptug Sari*, Ahmet Arpacik and Sagdan Baskaya
...ugh the importance of wetland ecosystems is well known, no remarkable effort for saving the Erzurum Marshes, was observed.
...
Wali Khan1,*, Noor-Un-Nisa2 and Muhammad Asif Nawaz3
...7), Enterobius vermicularis 6.48% (n=29/447), Ancylostoma duodenale 2.90% (n=13/447), Entamoeba histolytica 2.68% (n=12/447), and Giardia lamblia/intestinalis 0.89%(n=4/447) were detected in order of their prevalence. The individuals below 15 years of age were found marginally more parasitized than above 15 years (0.3856, P<0.05). Males were more infected than females with (0.3157, P<0.05). ...
Justyna Batkowska1,*, Lukasz Wlazlo2, Kamil Drabik1, Bozena Nowakowicz-Debek2, Karrar I.A. Al-Shammari3 and Magdalena Gryzinska1
..., however, they were similar to control groups, what may confirm possible use of GT juice as an alternative disinfection method.
...
Sumaira Zareen1, Syeda Sadaf Zahra2, Ayeza Mehmood3, Muhammad Asadullah4* and Aish Muhammad5
...an endangered medicinal plant Neurada procumbens L. from Cholistan desert in Pakistan. Nodal segments from healthy grown plants were used as explants and cultured on standard Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of benzyl amino purine (BAP) or kinetin for shoot induction and Indole acetic acid (IAA) for primary shoot and Indole ...
Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar1*, Abid Ali2, Manzoor Hussain2, Saadia3, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar4, Ijaz Ahmad5 and Sohail Latif6
...heat. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with factorial arrangement by using three replications. Treatments included different fertilizers combinations i.e (F1) control, (F2)100% recommended dose of NPK, (F3) 75% recommended dose of NPK + 1.5 t ha-1 poultry manure(PM), (F4) 75% of recommended dose of NPK +3 t ha-1 farmyard manure (FYM) and(F5) 75% o...
Alim-un-Nisa1*, Sajila Hina1, Sania Mazhar1, Imran Kalim1, Ijaz Ahmad1, Naseem Zahra1, Shahid Masood1, Muhammad Khalid Saeed1, Qurat-ul-Ain Syed1 and Maida Asif2
... and candies prepared in laboratory and dyed with T. erecta extract color showed that the color extracted from T.erecta itself do not promote microbial growth rather it has antibacterial activity. The lethal dose and toxicity determination of the color extracted from marigold showed that it is safe for consumption as no clinical symptoms were observed in rabbits after giving the maximum dose of 1000ml of color.
...
Noreen Rasul1*, Madeeha Rashid2, Aqeela Abbas1 and Rubina Sohail3
...justify;">The study was planned to assess the effect of Kangaroo Mother Care on preterm and stable neonates in reducing neonatal morbidity and mortality. This is a case series design of 121preterm and low birth weight neonates, weighing less than 2500 gram, enrolled from 1 August 2016 till31 January 2017.Kangaroo Mother Care is initiated after birth, after performing early essential newborn care practices. Weight gain of 20-30 gram for three consecutive days, ...
Muhammad Naeem1, Bushra Sadia1,2,*, Faisal Saeed Awan1and Muhammad Anjum Zia3
.... Out of the total 15 isolates of EtBr-treated strains, EB4 gave the maximum enzyme activity (7.3 ± 0.005 U ml-1) with a zone diameter of 6 mm. While UV6 was found to be the best UV-induced mutant with an enzyme activity of 20.333 ± 0.006A U ml-1 and 16 mm of zone diameter. The current results indicated 400 % and 146% enhanced SK activity in mutants UV6 and EB4, respectively, compared to wild type. UV6 also exhibi...
Bashir Ahmad1, Muhammad Idrees1,*, Kafeel Ahmad1, Dawood Ahmad2, Sajid Ali3 and Shumaila Bashir4
...ormation about the molecular characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) strains predominant in the province. Therefore, this study was planned to study the genetic diversity in the M. tuberculosis isolates isolated from clinical samples. In the current study total 794 patients were tested for suspected tuberculosis by f...
Yanjie Guo1, Weini Wu1, Hongmei Wang2, Xiao Guo2 and Yongping Xu2,*
...productive system is regulated by the coordinated integration of the nervous, immune and endocrine systems. The nerves that branch from the inferior mesenteric ganglion (IMG) are a major source of sympathetic nerves, which dominate the immune response of the female reproductive system. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is an important Th1 cytokine and plays an important role in pregnancy. To explore whether or not Th1 cytokines influen...
Ali Murad Rahoo,1,2,* Tariq Mukhtar,1,3 Shoukat Ibrahim Abro,4 Barkat Ali Bughio5 and Rehana Kanwal Rahoo6
...d in Galleria mellonella larvae. The production of infective juveniles (IJ) in G. mellonella was significantly affected by nematode species. Significantly higher numbers of IJ were produced by Heterorhabditid species than Steinernematid species in the cadaver. The production of IJ was the maximum in the case of H. bacteriophora which was not statistically different for...
Rahila Nizami1, Muhammad Zahid Latif2*, Intzar Hussain3 and Khalid Rashid4
... are no exception. They play crucial roles in variety of scenarios including leading wards, camps, campaigns, open houses, seminars and symposiums as well as day-to-day bases dealing with clinical directors and managers. This research was conducted to study the leadership styles among the medical professionals. For this purpose, a cross sectional and non-probability convenient sampling was conducted involving 59 medical professionals of Azra Naheed Medical Col...
Sadaf Ghulam Rasul1*, Uzma Yaqub2, Maida Manzoor1 and Hafsa Mubasshar1
...iosis is an estrogen-regulated disease, and is signified by the existence of a particular endometrial tissue exterior to the uterus. It is a principal cause of long lasting morbidity, mostly from serious pelvic pain(1). Endometriotic tissue has the potential for aromatase gene expression that leads to aromatase and estrogen production. Danazol is a synthetic androgen whereas Letrozole is a...
Nukhbat-Ullah Awan1*, Muhammad Sohail2, Zeeshan Sarwar3, Muhammad Mustahsen Bashir4, Muhammad Abbas Khokhar5 and Asad Aizaz Chatha6
... and tracheostomy decannulation was performed in 23±3 days. Patients were discharged in 27±3 days.Weconcludethat early control of airway with tracheostomy in grade II tetanus patients helped in better patient management with early recovery and decreased hospital stay with minimal morbidity. ...
Ayesha Saeed*, Mobina Naqvi and Ahsan Javed
... justify;">Pakistani population is seriously malnutritioned and is hunger redisposed. Based on the Global Hunger Index Pakistan is ranked at 107 of 118 countries .Food insecurity is among major causes of under-nutrition and has been associated with low birth weights. This study aimed to assess the effect of maternal food insecurity on birth weight of neonates in Lahore, Pakistan.Ina prospective cohort conducted at Shalamar H...
Abida Sajid* and Aqsam Sajid
...Peripheral Smear. Megaloblastic anemia was labeled when Macrocytic Hypochromic cells seen. Obstetric outcome in terms of Preterm delivery defined as delivery at <37 weeks of gestation (36 +6 weeks) and birth weight <2500g mand a need for operative delivery. Patients fulfilling the selection criteria as per operational definition were included in the study after taking informed consent using non probability consecutive ...
Zahid Akram, Saif Ullah Ajmal, Ghulam Shabbir, Muhammad Munir and Nasir Mahmood Cheema
INHERITANCE MECHANISM OF SOME YIELD COMPONENTS IN BREAD WHEAT
...t. The different yield related traits estimated were spike length, number of spikelets spike-1, number of grains spike-1, 1000 grain weight and grain yield plant-1. The analysis of variance depicted that 56 F1 and their parents were significantly different for all the parameters. Uniformity of Wr-Vr over arrays as well as significant deviation of regression coefficient (b) from unity confirmed the suitability of additive-dom...
Parvez Khaliq*, Muhammad Azim Malik** and M. Aslam Gill***
EFFECT OF CROPPING SYSTEMS, TILLAGE PRACTICES AND FERTILIZER TREATMENTS ON WHEAT STAND ESTABLISHMENT UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
...n (cropping systems x tillage practices x fertilizer treatments) under rainfed condition, during 2000-01 and 2000-02. On the basis of wheat emergence (m-2) and emergence rate index, wheat stand establishment was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the fallow-wheat cropping system compared to maize-wheat, mungbean-wheat, and cowpea-wheat system. Tillage practices (shallow and deep) and fertilizer treatments {recommended dose ...
Muhammad Naeem Safdar, Khalid Naseem, Muhammad Amjad, Amer Mumtaz and Saeeda Raza*
...ight was positively correlated with kernel weight (0.66) and negatively with protein (-0.83) and gluten content (-0.75). Gluten content had a positive correlation (0.97) with protein content. The comparison of studied quality parameters with Pakistan standard specifications revealed good quality wheat....
S. M. I. Hossain*, S. U. K. Eusufzai and M. A. Rahman**
...ent was conducted in Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute (BSRI) farm at Ishurdi during 2003-04 and 2004-05 cropping seasons to find out the effect of different irrigation levels on growth and yield parameters of six sugarcane varieties (Isd 16, Isd 30, Isd 31, Isd 32, Isd 33 and Isd 34). The experiment was laid up in two factors split-plot design with five irrigation levels in main plots and six varieties in subplots. Ir...
A. R. Rattu, M. Fayyaz, I. Ahmad, M. A. Akhtar* A. A. Hakro and K. A. Khanzada**
...ong with artificial inoculation with prevalent pathotypes. These candidate lines were undergoing mandatory testing to develop varieties for irrigated and rainfed areas of Pakistan. Out of these 29 candidate lines, 9 were common to NUWYT 2003-04 and 2004-05. Three candidate lines namely, V-00125, 99B2278, 99B4012 from seeding date were found resistant to both leaf and yellow rusts and showed desirable Relative Resistance Inde...
Saeeda Raza, Muhammad Naeem Safdar, Amer Mumtaz, Nouman Siddiqui, Khalid Nasim and Muhammad Amjad*
... prepare nutritionally balanced baby foods from indigenous food materials utilizing home cooking methods and evaluate the sensory attributes and shelf life at ambient conditions. Four different recipes of baby foods were developed containing 50% cereals, 30% legumes, 10% vegetables and 10% nuts and seeds. Different processing methods cleaning, washing, germination of pulses, peeling, cutting and blanching of vegetables, dryi...
Naheed Akhtar, Azra Nasim*, Ata ul Mohsin**, Muhammad Ashfaque, Shaheena Yasmin, Ghulam Jilani, Afzala Tashfeen, Waseem Ahmed Gilani, Irshad Begum* and Muhammad Munir***
...ing bulk tests, the germplasm under study was grouped into three categories i.e., resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible. Data from seedling bulk tests showed that five wheat lines namely V- 01078, V-00055, KT-7, V-01180 and DN-47 were resistant with damage rating of 2- 3. Twelve wheat lines/varieties, 99B4012, 99B2278, V-9021, V-002493, Wafaq 2001, PR-84, TW0135, CT-00062, 7-03, PR-86, V-02192 and Chakwal 97 were found moderately resistant. Three whe...
Ata-ul-Mohsin*, Ehsan-ul-Haq** and Muhammad Naeemullah*
...="text-align: justify;">Glasshouse studies were conducted to ascertain the effects of nutrient solutions of calcium and phosphorus on the growth and development of rose grain aphid, Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) and its parasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphi (De Steph.). High calcium and high phosphorus concentrations applied to a partially resistant wheat cultivar “Rapier” did not have a significant effect on the growth and development of the aphid or...
Naheed Akhtar, Noreen Moin, Ghulam Jilani*, Ata ul Mohsin**, Shaheena Yasmin, Afzala Tashfeen*, Munir Goraya**** and Irshad Begum*
...d. Among the tested germplasm (one variety and 11 lines of wheat), V-5 line was found resistant and NRL-2017 line was found susceptible to Rhopalosiphum padi. The results of Antixenosis Test indicated that two wheat lines, V-5 and PR-83 were least preferred and three lines viz., NRL-2017, V-00055 and V-00BT004 were highly preferred by the test insect. The results of Antibiosis Test showed that PR-83 line was least fecund whereas NR-241 and V-00055 lines were h...
Raania Ahsan* and Zafar Altaf**
...as approval of Monsanto plan to introduce advanced genetically modified (GM) crop technology in Pakistan by Government of Pakistan during 2009. In this regard Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MINFA) has been working on a two pronged strategy i.e. developing the technology through indigenous capabilities as well as inviting the multi-national companies (MNCs) to bring in the latest cotton production and protection in the cou...
Mohammad Aslam*
...rice in the consumption plan of consumers. The study reveals that rice is a substitute food commodity for wheat and may be promoted as such. Since level of significance is small, it may need sustained promotional efforts and appropriate policy measures on the part of the state. Moreover, wheat being a staple diet of people for centuries, switching over to rice may happen only over a long period of time....
Ambreen Akhtar Saddozai and Samina Khalil*
... small scale survey of Islamabad bakeries was conducted to determine the microbial contamination in the most commonly consumed bakery products i.e., biscuit, cake, and bread. Samples were randomly collected from 12 sectors (main markets and sub-sector markets). These samples were analyzed for total plate count (TPC), total coliforms, fecal coliforms, E. coli, yeasts and moulds. None of the sample was found contaminated with ...
Golam Moula* and Sayedur Rahman**
..., respectively. The calculated value of ‘t’ (41.355) and correlation coefficient, ‘r’ (0.99) substantiates that there is a highly positively significant relationship between root and shoot length at 0.01% level of significance. The overall percentage of seed germination (mean ± SD) was 41.48 ± 5.63. However, further trial with the germinated seedlings ...
Zaheer Ahmad, M. Yaqub Mujahid, M. Anwar Khan, Shaheena Yasmin, M. Asif and Maqsood Qamar*
...rts conducted at NARC, Islamabad have resulted in the development of a wheat variety suited for rainfed areas of Pakistan. NR-268 was selected from an exotic germplasm nursery (INQYT 2003-04) received from CIMMYT, Mexico. It was evaluated for five years in different trials. It was first tested in advance yield trial conducted at NARC, then in Micro Yield Trials conducted at nine locations by BARI, Chakwal and finally it was ...
Sidra Majeed, Shahid Ahmad*, Asif Ali Bhatti** and Ghazanfar Abbas***
...mputed using the data of last 10 years (1998-08), which revealed variation from 1.98 to 0.29 kgm-3 of seasonal rainfall. The correlation between seasonal rainfall and water productivity is very high (0.93). There is a strong correlation between seasonal rainfall and yield of barani wheat. The yield of barani wheat grown using chemical fertilizers varied from 0.41 to 3.21 t ha-1 represents ...
Khalid Mahmood Aujla, Sajida Taj*, Khalid Mahmood** and Nadeem Akmal*
...ver normal supplies, imbalanced use of fertilizers particularly of DAP fertilizer below the recommended doses, higher prices of inputs such as seed, fertilizer, diesel, electricity and less wheat prices during 2006-07 and late announcement of the minimum guaranteed wheat price for 2007-08 were the main reasons of lower wheat production in 2007-08. To enhance the wheat yield, farmers were o...
Z. A. Soomro, M.B. Kumbhar, A.S. Larik*, M. Imran** and S.A. Brohi***
... Gossypium hirsutum for plant height, sympodia/ plant, bolls/plant, boll weight, seed index and seed cotton yield/plant was determined. It was found that all the populations alongwith parents differed significantly (P < 0.01) and exhibited genetic variability among the genotypes for all the traits except sympodia/p<...
Muhammad Asim, Muhammad Asif, Muhammad Munir* and Muhammad Aslam**
...BA) were studied in inoculated and uninoculated plants of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] from the time of inoculation to root-nodule initiation (192 hours after inoculation). 3H-ABA was applied to the leaves of two soybean cultivars: cv. Williams-82 and its hypernodulating mutant, ...
Haq Nawaz Malik*, Iffat Ara**, Muhammad Naeem, Mozammil Hussain, M. Hanif Munawwar and M. Yousaf
...tural Research Centre, Islamabad during kharif 2007. Significant differences were observed for days to 50% tasseling and silking, plant height, ear height, number of kernel rows per ear, number of grain per row, 100 grain weight, grain moisture and grain yield. The hybrids NT-6622 and NT- 6651 ranked top and second in grain yield by producing 7842 and 7759 kg ha-1, respectively. Generally the hybrids produced more grain yiel...
S.A. Khan*, M.M. Rahman Jamro** and M.Y Arain***
...="text-align: justify;">Planting geometry is considered as a very important tool for better production of True Potato Seed (TPS). The experiments were conducted to determine the suitable planting geometry for better yield from TPS mini tubers during autumn 2006-2007 and 2007-2008. It was revealed that even small size (5- 20g, 20-30g) tubers planted at closer row and p...
Nasreen Sultana* and A.Ghaffar**
... ppm whereas Aliette, Benlate, Mancozeb, Ridomil and Vitavax showed complete inhibition of colony growth at 100 ppm. Invariably all fungicides at three different concentration viz., 1, 2, 3 g (a.i.) kg-1 seeds reduced the recovery of the seed borne fungi. The most effective seed treatments were Benlate, Topsin-M, Carbendazim and Aliette @ 3 g kg-1 seeds which enhanced seed germination and reduced seed infection in bottle gou...
Mohammad Siddique Munawar, Shazia Raja, Elizabeth Stephen Waghchoure* and Muhammad Barkat**
... bacterium Paenibacillus larvae is a serious disease of honey bees worldwide that inflicts considerable economic losses to beekeepers. All work was undertaken in a commercial apiary that showed visual signs of AFB infection. Twenty four hives positive for AFB were identified from the apiary (4 colonies in each replicate). Half of the colonies were treated with shook swarm method while other half were left without any treatment. The treated colonies showed sign...
Naheed Akhtar, Muhammad Ashfaque, Waseem Ahmad Gillani*, Ata-ul-Mohsin**, Afzala Tashfeen and Irshad Begum*
...justify;"> The germplasm of National Uniform Wheat Yield Trials (Normal) (2003-04) were screened against Rhopalosiphum padi L., bird cherry oat aphid at National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad. Twenty National Uniform Wheat Yield Trials (NUWYT), Normal and 12 (NUWYT) rainfed varieties/ lines were evaluated for seedling bulk test to know the resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible wheat varieties/ lines....
Aneela Afzal, Tanvir Ali, Munir Ahmad, Humera Amin and Samina Saki*
...vities especially crop related involvement in the district Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. A multistage random sampling technique was used to collect the data from 480 respondents from three tehsils of the district. The results show that a vast majority of women were illiterate, having annual family income less than one lac, living in joint family system and having small land farms. A
Hassnain Shah, Hina Riaz, Nadeem Akmal , Muhammad Sharif* and Abdul Majid**
...> Livestock sector plays an important role in the economy of Pakistan with a share in national and agricultural GDP estimated to be 11.3% and 51.8% respectively. Pakistan accounts for 143 million animal heads in 2006. However, livestock population and fodder production are inversely related. The fodder area per adult animal unit has significantly declined from 0.067 ha to 0.035 ha and...
Liaqat Ali Shahid, M. Azhar Saeed and Nadeem Amjad*
...he demand of growing population. It only meets 27% of the total edible oil consumption in the country. The deficit is met through import of edible oils from other countries on which government is spending billions of rupees in foreign exchange. It is imperative to mention that the efforts made so far at federal and provincial levels to increase the production of oilseed crops are not fruitful. This crop sector remained neglected for the <...
Sikander Khan Tanveer, Shaheena Yasmin, Imtiaz Hussain, M.Yaqub Mujahid*, Muhammad Munir and Muhammad Asif**
...tural Research Centre, Islamabad to assess the effects of different combinations of fertilizer nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) with or without farm yard manure (FYM) on yield, yield components and as well as on the grain quality parameters of wheat. Nutrient treatments included full fertilizer NP (100:100:00), full fertilizer NP + FYM (100:100:20), half- fertilizer NP (50:50:00), half- fertilizer NP + FYM (50:50:20), FYM only (00:00:20) and control (00:00:00)...
R. Hussain* and A. N. Naqvi**
...l breed with small legs, large belly and most of the specimen have brown strip from temple to nostrils on both sides. It is a pashmina bearing breed. The breed was studied for morphological characteristics, somatometric measurements, growth, productive and reproductive traits. Somatometric measurements indicated the average height 70.41±0.837 cm vs. 57.91±0.342 cm, heart girth 83.58±0.628 cm vs. 70.42±0.702 cm and body length 78.18&...
Zafar Khokhar*, Imtiaz Hussain**, Badruddin Khokhar* and Muhammad Sohail**
...er during grain filling, late planting results in linear reduction in wheat grain yield. A study was undertaken to determine the effects of planting dates on growth and yield of different wheat genotypes in Sindh. The trial was laid out in RCBD with split plot arrangement having four replications during 2000-01 and 2001-02 at Sakrand, Sindh. Four sowing ...
Badaruddin Khokhar*, Imtiaz Hussain** and Zafar Khokhar*
... of Sindh. The trial was laid out in split block design at Wheat Research Institute, Sindh, Sakrand, in which four irrigation treatments I3 (irrigation at crown root, booting and soft dough stage), I4 (irrigation at crown root, tillering, booting and soft dough stage), I5 (irrigation at crown root, tillering, booting, anthesis and soft dough stage) and I6 (irrigation at crown root, tillering, booting, anthesis, soft dough and hard dough stage) were in blocks a...
Aslam Memon, A. M. Khushk* and Umer Farooq**
... the potential of saving land and water resources by re-allocating sugarcane area to relatively more productive recommended sugarcane varieties. Secondly, this exercise shall also provide feedback to researchers in sugarcane crop as well as sugar mills for assessing the types of varieties performing better, relative to others. The study document the extent of adoption of recommended sugarc...
Mazher Abbas*, Muhammad Waqas Akram**, Ikram Saeed*** and Arshed Bashir*
...nts were taken from Faisalabad, Toba Tek Singh and Chiniot districts of Central Punjab. Percent area allocated to canola crop was comparatively higher at medium farms as compared to small and large farms. The results of the study showed higher yield of canola at large farms as compared to medium and small farms. Averag...
Abdullah Adil Ansari* and Kumar Sukhraj**
...e experiment along with plant growth parameters of Okra. The study revealed that combination organic fertilizers vermicompost and vermiwash combination [VW+VC] compared with control [CON] and chemical fertilizers [CHM], had great influence on plant growth parameters. The average yield of Okra during trial showed a significantly greater response in VW+VC compared with the control by 64.27 %. The fruits have a greater percenta...
S. Shahid Shaukat*, Mian Sayed**, Aly Khan, M. Azhar Khan* and Babar Qazi***
...ferent treatments on population of three nematode species associated with guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) and the yield of guar were investigated. The chemical nematicides and plant extracts significantly reduced the population densities of all three nematodes. Carbofuran was most effective against all the nematodes. Apart from other three treatments, Tridax procumbens emerged as an effecti...
Abid Hussain*, Imdad Hussain Mirza and Muhammad Azeem Khan**
...on is practiced. The availability of feed varies according to the season. Goats in the region are under nourished and producing less than potential. This study was conducted to find out the feed supplementation practices of goats in the Pothowar region. Data for this study was collected for the complete calendar year 2008. Data sheets were prepared in Urdu and provided to 100 literate female household members belonging to ten villa
Sumia Bint Zaman, Sidra Majeed and Shahid Ahmad*
...e also being imported in large quantities. Temporal analysis (1950-09) for edible oil consumption, production and imports is made. Projections for edible oil are worked out up to 2030. As there have been large variations in yield of Jatropha reported by various studies conducted in India and other countries, therefore most reliable data have been selected for analysis to assess the prospects in Pakistan. Comparative economic...
Ahmed Aziz Kurd, Amanullah, Saifullah Khan, Basharat Hussain Shah and Munir Ahmed Khetran*
...ttings were immediately planted in polyethylene tubes (10 cm x 20 cm) filled with a sandy loam soil. In the control, the cuttings were planted directly in polyethylene bags without IBA application. Plants were kept in a shade house and humidity was increased manually by hand sprinkling (four times in a day). Highest rooting percentage (60%) was obtained in the cuttings treated with 3000 pp...
Tariq Mahmood, M. Sudheer Tariq, Khalid Mahmood Khokar, Hidayatullah and Syed Ijaz Hussain*
...ive effect of different plant extracts (neem seed, neem leaves and tobacco leaves) and insecticide permethrin dust alone or mixed with dung, were conducted against red pumpkin beetle in the field at National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad during kharif 2008. Permethrin (0.5%) alone or mixed (0.05%) with dung ash as dust controlled the attack of red pumpkin beetle on the crop with no mortality of p
Oguz Bilgin, Kayihan Z. Korkut, Alpay Balkan, and Ismet Baser*
...te the performance and relationship of F1 hybrids and parents for the spike characters and to select suitable parents and population for designing an effective wheat breeding programme. Highly significant genetic variability was present in parents and their genetic combinations for the characters. The degree and direction of heterosis varied for different characters and for different hybrids. The highest heterosis over mid a...
Barkat Ali*, Muhammad Shahid Iqbal, Muhammad Kausar Nawaz Shah, Ghulam Shabbir** and Nasir Mahmood Cheema***
...nheritance of different plant traits in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Six genotypes viz., BJA-592, ACALA-SJ-4, 4-F, CP-15/2, CIM-497 and PB-899 were included in diallel crosses. Results revealed that over-dominance type of gene action was controlling the inheritance of monopodial and sympodial branches plant h...
M. Yasin Mirza, Mubashir A. Khan, M. Akmal, Akbar S. Mohmand, Malik S. Nawaz, Nazakat Nawaz and Najeeb Ullah*
...tically significant for plant height, number bolls plant-1, 1000-seed weight and seed yield hectare-1. These studies were conducted at National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan during rabi 2002-03, 2003-04 and 2004-05. Pooled genotypic and phenotypic variances were maximum for seed yield and minimum for 1000-seed weight. Genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic co...
Shazia Erum, Rashid Anwar and Shahid Masood*
...uated with other Trigonella genotypes by SDS-PAGE. Results showed that at protein level Kasuri methi acquired a unique status as a G.I of Kasur. Cluster analysis (UPGMA) of 28 genotypes including both methi and methray from various agro ecological zones of Pakistan were interlinked to some extent however Kasuri methi make their identity by standing alone among tested genotypes on the dendrogram, due to the geographical environment of Kasur in Punjab. In this c...
Ashiq Saleem, Habib Iqbal Javed, Rashid Saleem,* Muhammad Ansar** and M. Amir Zia*
...tural Research Centre, Islamabad during autumn 2007. In this study Maize hybrid (Pioneer 3062) and sorghum hybrid (Pioneer MR-Buster) were planted in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications having a plot size of 5m x 3m. Plant to plant distance was 25 cm and row to row was 75 cm. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect...
Sarfraz Ahmad, Shaista Koukab, Nayyar Razzaq, Muhammad Islam, Aneel Rose*, and Muhammad Aslam**
...: justify;"> In highlands of Balochistan chamomile (Microcephala lamellate (Bunge) Syn. Matricaria lasiocarpa ) is found naturally in many protected rangelands areas. However, its population is declining due to over-exploitation and un-control...
Shazia Erum*, Muhammad Naeemullah, Shahid Masood** and Muhammad Irfan Khan*
...tion, canopy and spikes/plant, florets/spike and leaf area. A UPGMA cluster, grouped the 9 Ocimum genotypes into two major clusters on the basis of total seed protein and phenotypic characters, except Siam Queen and Lime basil stand alone, respectively. Euclidian distance for morphological traits ranged from 3.60 to 7.26. Conversely on the basis of total seed proteins genetic distances ranged from 0.11 to 1.00. Due to greater genetic diversity in Ocimum germp<...
Rahila Nazli, Tehmina Sohail, Bushra Nawab and Zahra Yaqeen*
...bition activity was calculated against all the groups of organisms, which was between 0.5 and 1mg ml-1 against bacteria and 2.5 mg ml-1 against fungi. It is therefore concluded that G. sepium provide a lead towards the exploration of new antimicrobial agent....
Zaheeruddin Mirani*and Aslam Memon**
...and/or seeds and other related inputs/products available in the market. Farm visits and result and method demonstration methods of technology transfer were perceived as effective methods of technology transfer. Farmers were able to increase the yields of their farm produce. However, the picture says that there is yield gap between the potential yield obtained by research scientists and yield obtained by the farmers. Farmers ...
Muhammad Azeem Khan*, Abid Hussain, Irfan Mehmood and Sonila Hassan **
...orological department, Islamabad. Primary data for the study was collected in 2010 by conducting farm level surveys in Kohat and Attock districts. Clusters of six villages were selected from each district for field surveys. Six community representatives and 36 farmers were interviewed by using a set of well-designed questionnaires from each site. Results showed that over last three decades...
Muhammad Afzal, Sarfraz Ahmad , Abdul Salam Baloch* and Qazi Bashir Ahmad**
... (winter) season. The explanatory power of the model was considered adequate as the factors included in the model accounted for 76% of the price variation at Quetta market. Producers should consider major marketing demand events like Eid-ul-Azha, Ramadan, etc. as the exceptional occasion to put up their animals for sale. The price per kg on live weight was higher by 39% and 24% in Eid-ul-Azha and Ramadan seasons, respectively as compared to normal season. Live...
Muhammad Athar Khan1, Muhammad Zahid Latif2*, Syed Amir Gilani3 and Ifrah Bukhari4
...fectious disease having alarming public health concerns. Generally this is an occupation related disease and the victims belong to animal slaughtering, owners of pet shops, farm workers, handlers of meat, sewerage and agriculture workers. Leptospirosis affect multiple organs in human body and may lead to myocarditis, renal failure, respiratory distress and hypotension. This disease is an e...
Mian Sajjad Ahmad1, Somia Iqtadar1, Sami Ullah Mumtaz1*, Zafar Niaz1, Iqra Waheed2 and Sajid Abaidullah1
...as sent to KEMU clinical lab. A positive result of the patient was labeled as IGT. The patients mean age was 46.3±13.4 years. Out of 160 patients, 78 (48.8%) were males and 82 (51.2%) females.116 (72.5%) patients were obese grade 1 and 44 (27.5%) patients were obese grade 2. The mean BMI (Normal BMI=18.5-22.9kg/m2) of the patients came out to be 29.1±13.6 kg/m2.There were 116 (72.5%) patients of obese-1 and 44 ...
Sana Qanber Abbasi1*, Ejaz Ahmed2 and Rabia Sattar1
...a.Among the headache complaint visitors in the emergency department, the most common are those suffering from migraine. (1) Alinear correlation has been found between rising serum pro BNP levels and Cardiovascular pathologies especially those involving left ventricular dysfunction which may depict a probable association between migraine and CVD. To compa...
Halima Shoukat1*, Hafiz Sheraz Arshad2, Faiza Sharif1, Arooj Fatima1 and Filza Shoukat1
...on these finding, it is plausible to conclude that application of static stretching at holding times of 30, 60 and 90 seconds can significantly improve the ROM of knee extension. Stretching techniques with different holding times were equally effective in improving knee extension and gaining hamstring flexibility in adults. ...
Iracema Nunes de Barros1,2, Luciane Dubina Pinto3, Rosely Bianca dos Santos Kuroda1, Sheila Oliveira de Souza Silva1, Leonardo José Richtzenhain1,2, Cláudio Wageck Canal3 and Paulo Eduardo Brandão1,2*
...information on the molecular diversity of CCoV in many parts of the world. In this study, canine fecal samples from diverse States of Brazil were screened by PCRs for CCoV and positive samples were subjected to partial sequencing for the membrane (M), spike (S), nucleocapsid (N) and non-structural protein 3b genes. Out of the samples collected, 40.17% were positive for CCoV; 57.45% of CCoV-infected animals showed enteritis and most of these (76%) were younger ...
Maryyum Khalil1, Hamda Azmat1,*, Noor Khan1, Arshad Javid2, Ali Hussain1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain3, Asim Ullah1 and Sumaira Abbas1
...onducted for 90 days in glass aquaria to check the effect of exogenous enzyme (α-amylase) added feed on growth performance, health and hematological analysis of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (initialaverage weight 32.46±0.36 g). The 40% crude protein diet was prepared by adding feed ingredients along with 0.75, 0.50, 0.25, 0.00 g kg-1 of α-amy
Saba Rafique1,2,*, Khalid Naeem1, Naila Siddique1, Muhammad Athar Abbas1, Aamer Ali Shah2, Akbar Ali1, Abdul Rahim1 and Farooq Rashid1
...igned to undertake molecular characterization of an Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) recovered from a suspected case of avian infectious bronchitis from commercial poultry. Initially the isolated IB-virus was characterized by RFLP using enzymes Alu I, Hae III, BstYI and XcmI. On the basis of its distinct RFLP pattern from other known IBV vaccine strains, the isolate was named as KU145467_...
Nay Naing Htoo1, Basit Zeshan1,2,*, Aung Tun Khaing1, Than Kyaw1, Erkihun Aklilu Woldegiorgis1 and Mohd Azam Khan1
...hout roughage (CF) while last group (control) had access to their does’ milk (DM) only. All kids had access to their dam’s milk. The kids were weaned at day 84 and two kids from each treatment group were sacrificed. The results showed that the rumen morphological characteristics, papillary surface area and keratinized layer of CFR (4.15mm2, 50.54µm), were not s...
Promy Virk
...using aqueous Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek)seed extract and to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of the prepared nanopcomposite. Antidiabetic potential of orally administered bulk aqueous extract of Trigonella (TBE) and Au/Ag nanocomposite with Trigonella seed extract (TN) on streptozotocin (70 mg/kg) induced diabetic rats was assessed for a period of ...
Abul Hassan Faiz*, Fakhar-i-Abbas and Lariab Zahra Faiz
...sand, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, loam, clay loam, silt loam, silty clay loam) to determine six soil properties (plant biomass, saturation, electrical conductivity, pH, organic matter, phosphorus and potassium) in Pothwar Plateau (250 km long and 100 km wide). We compared 216 soil samples (mound soil and undisturbed s...
Amtul Jamil Sami1,*, Sehrish Bilal1, Madeeha Khalid1, Muhammad Tahir Nazir1 and A.R. Shakoori2
...e effect of saponins, isolated from a medicinal plant Azadirachta indica on the CNS enzymes of a stored grain pest, Tribolium castaneum and a socioeconomic insect, Apis mellifera. A comparative study was designed to identify the role of saponins on insect acetylcholinesterase (AChEs). The enzyme activities were tested for the effect of saponins. The AChE activity of T. castaneum was inhibited by t...
Nazish Shaukat1, Muhammad Javed1,Faiza Ambreen2* and Fariha Latif1
...ent was conducted in the laboratory by exposing four groups of Labeo rohita to different doses of PbCl2 viz. 96-h, 2/3rd, 1/4th and 1/5th of LC50, separately, for 30 days and compared with control group. After 30 days, fish was sacrificed and their gills and liver isolated to determine the effect of PbCl2 on peroxidase activity. Activity of perox...
Haixia Liu, Yuwei Ye, Yang Li, Xiaolin Liu, Dongmei Xiong* and Lixin Wang
...ng mountain, To access relationship of populations from the two rivers and the genetic diversity of wild population, 11 microsatellite loci were firstly used to evaluate the genetic characterization using 120 samples from 2 tributaries (ZZ and LX populations) of the Weihe river and 2 tributaries (YX and TB population) ...
Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1*, Rehmat Ullah1, Asif Nawaz1 and Ejaz Ashraf2
...d, middle aged and small landholding farmers. Maximum of the respondents had above 20 years of farming experience. A rapid increase in the registration of farmers with Farm Services Centers was found in the last five years. Chi-square results indicated highly significant association (P≤0.05) between the duration of registration with Farm Services centers, fertilizers and farm machinery provided to the respondents. Farm Se...
Anish Shrestha
...sitive and significant relation with gross return. All of them appeared to be underutilized and needed to be increased by 39%, 74% and 34% respectively for the profit maximization. Main production problem found to be high cost and inadequate availability of modern equipment with the index score of 0.81. And, according to the farmers, main role institution that should play is providing trai...
Irfan1,*, Arshad Javid7, Muhammad Ashraf2, Athar Mahmud3, Muhammad Altaf4, Syed Makhdoom Hussain5, Muhammad Shahbaz4 and Khalid Javed Iqbal6
Jaime Molina-Ochoa1, 2, 6,*, Edelmira Galindo-Velasco2, Ana María Rosales-Gutiérrez2, Martín González-Ramírez3, Roberto Lezama-Gutiérrez3, Wilberth Chan-Cupul3, Steven R. Skoda4, Muhammad Irfan Ullah5, Luis Jorge García-Márquez2 and John E. Foster6
...ks. Soil cores from grasslands were baited with last instars of the great wax moth (GWM), Galleria mellonella L., and an EPN isolate was obtained, it belonged to the genus Heterorhabditis and identified as JMO71. The nematodes were cultivated in GWM larvae, and the emerging infective juveniles (IJs) were ...
Hina Safdar1,*, Nazir Javed1, Sajid Aleem Khan1 and Muhammad Arshad2
... and Steinernema glaseri) against different larval instars (2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th) of armyworm (Spodoptera litura F.) at different exposure times were evaluated. Entomopathogenic nematodes were applied at 1000 IJs/ml and larvae maintained at 25°C. Mortality was recorded upto four days. Both species of entomopathogenic nemato...
Naveed Akhtar,1,* Riaz Muhammad2, Kausar Saeed2, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1, Muzaffar Shah3, Jehan Zeb2, Shahid Ahmad2, Azam Jan Afridi4 and Aftab Hussain5
...us nigricollis, Macaca mulatta, Canis aureus, Vulpes vulpes, Myotis myotis, Herpestes edwardsii and Hystrix indica. During the research jackals and fox species were dominant in the area. It is concluded from this study that threats like deforestation, habitat destruction, illegal and over hunting, urbanization and deforestation are possible factors of extinction formammalian fauna in district Buner. The responsible authorities are requested to take ...
Xia-Lin Zheng1, Pan Wang2, Jun-Yan Liu1, Yu-Jing Zhang1, Jun Li1 and Wen Lu1,*
...he 4th instar larvae, pupae and adults survived in January, in which their supercooling points were -12.79 ± 0.67 °C, -19.92 ± 0.66 °C and -21.23 ± 0.99 °C, respectively. Body water contents of these stages in B. macroscopa have no negative or positive correlation with the supercooling points. Supercooling points of these stages are lower than the air temperature during the ...
Muhammad Kashif Maan1, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Shehla Gul Bokhari1, Muhammad Ijaz2, Hamid Akbar1, Sajid Umar 3 and Muhammad Luqman Sohail4,*
...ochemical and cardiovascular effects of total intravenous anesthesia, xylzine-ketamine and inhalation anesthesia, isoflurane was clinically compared in healthy female rabbits (n=16) undergoing ovariohysterectomy. One group of 8 rabbits was anesthetized with combination of xylazine (3mg/kg) and ketamine (10mg/kg, I/V), while the second group (n=8) was pre-anesthetized with xy
Muhammad Rasool1,*, Muhammad Zahid1, Muhammad Ismail Khan1, Qadeem Khan2 and Khalid Khan1
...e in MR02 sequence is replaced by “T” residue in MR03 nucleotide sequence. The first change at nucleotide level does not cause any change at amino acid level, while the 2nd, 3rd and 4th substitutions at nucleotide level results an amino acid change. The phylogenetic studies established that the Pakistanian HBV Isolates closely resemble the “adrq” strain belonging to &l...
Lin Wang1,2, Ye Gong3, Kelin Chen1, Haitao Wang3 and Xianguo Lyu1,*
Qin Liu1,2, Feiwei Liu1, Xiuyue Zhang1, Nan Yang1 and Jianghong Ran1,*
...atellite markers were isolated from T. szechenyii using a next-generation sequencing technology. The allele number of these loci ranged from two to six in genotyped 35 individuals. Polymorphism information content ranged from 0.2735 to 0.7717 with an average of 0.5149. Observed and expected heterozygosities at each locus ranged from 0 to 0.879 and 0.332 to 0.814, respectively. These markers could be used to better understand the breeding system and prot...
Imtiaz Hussain*, Hassnain Shah, M. Azeem Khan, Waqar Akhtar**, Abdul Majid*** and M. Yaqub Mujahid*
Corresponding author:izhussain@yahoo.com
PRODUCTIVITY IN RICE-WHEAT CROP ROTATION OF PUNJAB: AN APPLICATION OF TYPICAL FARM METHODOLOGY
... problems of the area explaining the cause and effect scenario of the system. Descriptive analysis is conducted on the data collected from 29 representative farms, from 10 Tehsils of four districts of rice-wheat in Punjab having 1-68 ha farm size selected through purposive random sampling applying typical farm methodology. Rice is cultivated on 87% and fodder on 8% of the total area during kharif while wheat on 75% along with berseem on 14% of total area durin...
Akhlaq Ahmad, M. Anwar Arain*, Rahila Nazli**, Syed Anser Rizvi***,
Mubarik Ahmed* and Farzana Ibrahim****
Corresponding author: dr.akhlaqahmad@yahoo.com
COST EFFECTIVENESS OF UNDER-SHEET AND WHOLE GODOWN FUMIGATION OF BAGGED WHEAT
...igations compared to similar treatment carried out under the cover of polyethylene sheet. The cost effectiveness of the treatments was determined, considering the cost of the materials and labour. It was estimated that a single fumigation treatment in under-sheet stacks was around Rs. 1.05 million less than the whole godown fumigation, even though it involved extra cost of polyethylene (PE) sheet. This cost may be partially ...
Arshed Bashir *, Shamsheer-Ul-Haq**, Mazher Abbas*, M. Aamir Munir** and Aneela Afzal***
Corresponding author:ssrifaisalabad@gmail.com
IMPACT OF SUGARCANE MILLS DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES ON CANE PRODUCTION IN PUNJAB
...Despite of being a fifth largest producer of sugarcane, Pakistan has to import a sizeable sugar to meet the domestic requirements owing to lower cane yield and sugar recovery. Some of the sugar mills started development activities in their surrounding areas for promoting cultivation of high yielding and more sugar recovery varieties to overcome this problem. Present study was planned to estimate the profitability of sugarcan...
Nazakat Nawaz, Malik Shah Nawaz*, Nasir M. Cheema** and Mubashir A. Khan*
Corresponding author:nazakat_nawaz@yahoo.com
ZINC AND IRON APPLICATION TO OPTIMIZE SEED YIELD OF MUSTARD
...as conducted on a sandy clay loam soil at the National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan, during 2005 and 2006. The mustard (Brassica juncea) variety BARD-1 was treated with various -1 levels of Zn and Fe, (0-0, 0-1.5, 0-3, 2.5-0, 2.5-1.5, 2.5-3, 5-0, 5-1.5 kgha and -1 -1 5-3 kgha ), respectively. A basal dose of 90N and 60P kg ha was applied, in the form of Urea and triple super phosphate (TSP) with Zn and F...
Parvez Khaliq*, Muhammad Azim Malik**, M. Aslam Gill*** and
Nasir M. Cheema*
Corresponding author: parvezkhaliq786@yahoo.com
EFFECT OF TILLAGE AND FERTILIZER TREATMENTS ON MAIZE FODDER YIELD UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS OF PAKISTAN
...t of deep and shallow tillage and fertilizer treatments i.e., recommended dose of fertilizer (RF), farm yard manure (FYM) and recommended dose of fertilizer plus farmyard manure (RF+FYM) on maize fodder yield was studied under rainfed conditions of Pakistan. It was observed -2 that the emergence count m , maize fodder biomass, plant height, number of leaves per plant and maize fodder yield...
Hidayatullah, T. Mahmood, M. Farooq, M. A. Khokhar and S.I. Hussain*
* Corresponding author: hidayatu2003@yahoo.uk.co.uk
PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AFFECTING SEX EXPRESSION OF BOTTLE GOURD (LAGENARIA SICERARIA MOLINA) PLANTS
...naria siceraria Molina) plants cv. Faisalabad Round was investigated under field conditions in National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad. Plants sprayed with distilled water were considered as control. Among all foliar agents, the response of -l GA3 3 and MH was found better. Exogenous application with 30 µmol l GA maximally increased the pi...
Shazia Erum*, Muhammad Naeemullah and Shahid Masood**
Corresponding author: shazia_rm@yahoo.com
PHENOTYPIC VARIATION AMONG MENTHA SPP.
...ological diversity and relationship within 17 genotypes of mentha species. Different species of Mentha were collected from different ecological zones of the world. Great variation was observed in stem length with the coefficient of variation of 198.7% and standard deviation of 14.1. Among the 17 mint collection, nine special aromas was smelled including mint gum, strong camphoraceous, mint like, spicy, lemon, pungent, musky and acrid due to the presence of div...
Shahida N.Khokhar*
CROP INOCULANTS- AN UNDEREXPLORED POTENTIAL IN AGRICULTURE
...een way of life. Bioinoculants are in perfect harmony with the concept of Evergreen Revolution. They have the potential to improve value cost ratio (VCR) of agricultural production. Pakistan faces increase in degraded lands, water shortage, energy crisis, all contributing to poverty. During last two decades, many efforts were made to address the issue through developing and applying the in...
Hassnain Shah, Muhammad Azeem Khan, Umar Farooq, Nadeem Akmal*, Shahid Munir and Bashir Hussain**
POTENTIAL FOR INVESTMENT IN INDIGENOUS TECHNOLOGIES: A CASE OF LOW COST SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION STRUCTURES IN RAINFED POTHWAR, PAKISTAN
...s where 20% of the total land is affected by soil erosion and 4.2 billion cubic meter of water is lost from surface runoff annually. Soil erosion, along with arid climate, erratic rainfall and undulating topography makes land productivity very low and the livelihood of rural people even hard. Soil and water conservation under such an environment could provide the foundation for agricultura...
Muhammad Arifullah, Muhammad Munir*, Abid Mahmood**, Saifullah Khan Ajmal and Ghulam Shabbir*
COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS OF SOME YIELD ATTRIBUTES IN INDIAN MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEA L.)
...st of the traits except plant height and siliqua length. UCD-8/4, KJ-119 and BRS-2 were good general combiners for yield related traits. A cross BRS-2 × UCD-8/4 showed best desired SCA for number of primary branches and siliquae per plant. S-9 × Canola Raya for siliqua length, Canola Raya × UCD-8/4 fo...
Mazher Abbas*, Tahir Mehmood**, Arshed Bashir*, Muneeb Zafar*** and Aneela Afzal****
ECONOMICS OF LALLEMANTIA ROYLEANA (TUKHAM-EBALANGOO) PRODUCTION IN THE LOW INTENSITY CROPPING ZONE OF THE PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...stani culture and is popularly practiced by a large segment of the population. This medicine system originated in Greece and was brought to the subcontinent by Muslim scholars. However, the unani medicine currently practiced in Pakistan is vastly different from its Greek roots The study was conducted to assess the economics of medicinal crops in the low ...
Faisal Khalil, Khalid Mahmood Qureshi, Ammaz Khan, Fakhar-ul-Hassan and Nabila Bibi*
EFFECT OF GIRDLING AND PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON PRODUCTIVITY IN OLIVE (OLEA EUROPAEA)
...e of them are probably related to the internal imbalance of growth regulators and other physiological factors. Plant growth regulating hormones like gibberellic acid (GA ), salicylic acid (SA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) alone and/ 3 or coupled with girdling operations may improve cropping potential of existing o...
Khalid Mahmood Qureshi, Fakhar ul Hassan, Qamar ul Hassan, Usman Shaukat Qureshi, Saman Chughtai and Adnan Saleem*
IMPACT OF CULTIVATION SYSTEMS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA ANANASSA) CV. CHANDLER
... Rawalpindi. The runner plants of the strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) cv. Chandler were collected from Swat (Mingora.) Different cultivation systems were adapted i.e., standard growing media in polyethylene bags (T ), soil less media (T ), high tunnel (T ), green house (T ), 1 2 3 4 including open field condition on ridges (T ) by keeping plant to plant 5 distance of 30 cm and row to row di...
Waseem Ahmad Gillani* and Mike Copland**
INFLUENCE OF THREE CONSTANT AND TWO RHYTHMICALLY FLUCTUATING TEMPERATURE REGIMES ON THE LIFE-TABLE PARAMETERS OF BROWN LACEWING SYMPHEROBIUS FALLAX
...n: justify;"> Brown lacewing (Sympherobius fallax), characterized by good adult longevity, high fecundity, and fast development rates are important predators in many agricultural systems. Life tables of S. fallax were constructed at 20°C, 24°C, 28°C and rhythmically fluctuating temperature regimes from 16°C to 24°C and 24°C to 32°C. Studies were carried out...
Habib Iqbal Javed, Ashiq Saleem, Javed Fateh, Mozammil Hussain, Naheed Akhtar and Shamim-ul-Sibtain Shah*
DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANT MAIZE GERMPLASM
...n the basis of survived plants, a total of 250 accessions including 150 exotic out of 350 and 100 indigenous out of 900 were selected. During autumn 1999, out of 250 accessions (progenies) 35 exotic and 10 indigenous could survive under artificial infestation. Under natural infestation, 100 progenies performed little better. The best plants among these progenies were advanced by self pollination. A total of 400 self pollinat...
Zammurad Iqbal Ahmed, Muhammad Ansar*, Ashiq Saleem**, Zafar ullah Arif*, H.I. Javed and Rashid Saleem**
IMPROVEMENT OF MASH BEAN PRODUCTION UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS BY RHIZOBIUM INOCULATION AND LOW RATES OF STARTER NITROGEN
...a 1 . The experiment was laid out in a split plot design keeping varieties in main plots and fertilizer/inoculum combinations in sub-plots. The results showed significant differences for all the plant characters under the study. -1 The crop maturity was earlier in control and inoculation + 20 kg N ha as compared to all other treatments. Inoculation in co...
Parvez Khaliq*, Azim Malik**, Nasir Mahmood Cheema* and Muhammad Umair***
ECONOMICS OF WHEAT BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN RAINFED AREAS OF PAKISTAN
...esearch Centre (NARC), Islamabad and the traditional wheat-fallow-wheat (W-F-W) cropping system was evaluated with the improved wheat-maize fodder-wheat (W-MF-W) and wheat-mungbean-wheat (W-MB-W) cropping systems. Two tillage practices, i.e. shallow tillage with cultivator and deep tillage with moldboard; and four fertilizer treatments viz., control (C),...
Muhammad Tariq*, Raja Muhammad Omer**, Muhammad Ashraf Mian*, Obaid Ur Rehman***, Amjad Tahir Virk and Kazim Abbass**
PROMOTING CERTIFIED SEED AVAILABILITY OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L) THROUGH PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AND ITS IMPACT ON YIELD IN RAINFED AREAS
...stand which enabled the plants to withstand abiotic stress especially drought during the crop season. The seed multiplication of crop varieties of rainfed areas can be done in irrigated areas to ensure the quality of seed and its availability in rainfed areas, which ultimately will increase the income of the farming community of the area....
Ashiq Saleem, Muhammad Ashraf Zahid, Habib Iqbal Javed*, M Ansar**, Asghar Ali, Rashid Saleem* and Noor Saleem***
EFFECT OF SEEDING RATE ON LENTIL (LENS CULINARIS MEDIK) SEED YIELD UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
...esearch Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan during the lentil growing season. An improved medium-grain size (1000-grain weight. around 25 g) variety Masoor 93 (18-12 x ILLP 4400) was used in these experiments. Eleven seeding rates i.e., 14.0, 21.25, 28.50, 35.75, 43.0, -1 50.25, 57.50, 64.75, 72.0, 79.25 and 86.50 kgha were evaluated in the study. Results of the three-year study showed that grain yield kept on -1 increasing up to a seed rate of 43 kgha and rema...
Gulzar S. Sanghera and Wassem Hussain*
HETEROSIS IN RELATION TO COMBINING ABILITY PER SE PERFORMANCE IN TEMPERATE RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)
...loped by crossing 2 Cytoplamic male sterility (CMS) lines with 18 testers in line x tester mating design were evaluated to find out best heterotic combinations in terms of yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes, crosses, lines, testers and line x tester interactions for all the traits studied. The specific combining ability (SCA) effects along with per se performance revealed ...
Safdar Ali, Sahiba, M. Azim Malik, Fayyaz-ul-Hassan and M. Ansar*
GROWTH OF RAINFED FODDER MAIZE UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS
...65%, saturation 30%, available phosphorus 5.7 mg kg -1 and available potassium 78 mg kg . Maize cv. Sargodha-2002 was sown in randomized complete block design (factorial) and was fertilized with four -1 each nitrogen @ 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha and phosphorus 0, 30, 60 and 90 -1 kg ha doses. Significant increase in green fodder and dry matter yield was observed with the increased doses of nitrogen and phosphorus. Overall, the...
Sonila Hassan, Abid Hussain*, Muhammad Azeem Khan** and Irfan Mahmood*
RURAL-URBAN RETAIL PRICES AND MARKETING MARGINS OF FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES IN PAKISTAN
...ilers in Hyderabad, Faisalabad, Peshawar, Muzaffarabad and Quetta. It was observed that the retail prices of fresh fruits and vegetables were higher in rural markets as compared to urban markets and differences were even higher in vegetables as compared to fruits. For fruits the difference ranged from 8.6-25.0% in Hyderabad, 5.2- 39.0% in Faisalabad, 2.3-22.0% in Muzaffarabad, 20.0-50.0% in Peshawar and 11.0% in Quetta. Diff...
Ambreen Akhtar Saddozai, Saeeda Raza* and Shahzad Arshad Saleem**
MICROBIAL COUNT AND SHELF LIFE OF STRAWBERRY JUICE
...k its shelf life. Total plate count (TPC), pH, flavor, color, yeast and moulds were checked weekly. Quality changes of strawberry juice during storage can be caused both by microbiological and physiological processes. At day 0; pH 3.2, color bright 2 -1 red, excellent flavor, TPC 2.7 x 10 cfu g were recorded, while no yeast or mould were found. After one week, the pH 3.6, dull red color, T...
Javed Khan, Ehsan-ul-Haq, Naheed Akhtar, Waseem Ahmad Gillani*, Naila Assad**, M.Asif Masood and Irum Raza*
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF IMMATURE STAGES OF CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) FEEDING ON RICE MEAL MOTH, CORCYRA CEPHALONICA EGGS
...ature stages of Chrysoperla carnea, feeding on Corcyra cephalonica eggs at three constant temperatures 24 ±1 ºC, 28 ±1 ºC and 32 ±1 °C were studied. The results indicated that incubation period was 4.9±0.08, 3.8±0.08 and 3.0±0.06 days at three temperatures, respectively. Developmental duration of first instar were 3.6±0.07, 3.0±0.11, 2.0±0.06 days, second instar were 3.4±0.11, ...
Naheed Akhtar, Yasmin Ahmad, Muhammad Shakeel, Waseem Ahmad Gillani, Javed Khan, Tahira Yasmin and Irshad Begum*
RESISTANCE IN PEARL MILLET GERMPLASM TO GREENBUG, SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM (RONDANI)
...nbsp;The status of host-plant resistance was evaluated in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) against aphid species greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani). It was determined by the ability of seedlings to resist for plant stunting caused by aphid's feeding at seedling stage. The results indicated that out of 135 pearl millet entries tested, 21 were resistant, 69 were moderately resistant...
Saima Rani and Irum Raza*
COMPARISON OF TREND ANALYSIS AND DOUBLE EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING METHODS FOR PRICE ESTIMATION OF MAJOR PULSES IN PAKISTAN
...s and consequently poor class of the economy who do not have enough resources to buy expensive livestock-based protein-rich food will be badly affected....
Akhtar A. Siddiqui and Allah W. Rind*
EXTENSION FIELD WORKERS PERCEPTION OF COTTON INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME IN SINDH PROVINCE
...ince (Hyderabad, Tando Allahyar, Matiari, and Mirpurkhas). The sample size comprised 48 EFWs who participated in Training of Facilitators (ToF) and erecuted FFSs during 2001 and 2004. The results revealed that the EFWs performed effectively to attain the objectives of IPM programme. It appears that EFWs improved farmers' knowledge, skills and behavioral change in attitude towards agro-ecological sound IPM practices through FFS training. ...
Muhammad Yaqoob*, Rukhsana Anjum, Mumtaz Hussain and Muhammad Jahangir Shah**
GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS AND CHARACTER ASSOCIATION IN SOME CHINESE HYBRID RICE UNDER DRY CONDITIONS
...ns. The data on various plant traits including, days to panicle initiation, panicle length, spikelet fertility, days to maturity, plant height, number of grains per panicle, number of productive tillers, 1000 grain weight and paddy yield were recorded. The results of analysis indicated a high range of genetic variation among various hybrids for plant height, number of grains per panicle, n...
Arshad Ali, Muhammad Arshadullah, Syed Ishtiaq Hyder, Imdad Ali Mahmood and Badar-uz-Zaman*
RICE PRODUCTIVITY AND SOIL HEALTH AS AFFECTED BY WHEAT RESIDUE INCORPORATION ALONG WITH NITROGEN STARTER DOSE UNDER SALT-AFFECTED SOIL
...ity, data on tillering, plant height, spike length, number of grains -1 spike , 1000-grain weight, straw and paddy yields were recorded. Plant samples collected at maturity were analyzed for K, Ca and Na -1 concentration in grain and straw. Tillering, grains spike , 1000-grain weight and paddy yield significantly (P≤ 0.05) increased with different -1 levels of N doses. Maximum tillers pla
Syed Ishtiaq Hyder, Muhammad Arshadullah, Arshad Ali and Imdad Ali Mahmood*
EFFECT OF BORON NUTRITION ON PADDY YIELD UNDER SALINESODIC SOILS
.... Data on tillering, -1 plant height, spike length, number of grains spike , 1000-grain weight, straw and paddy yields were recorded. Na, K, Ca and B concentration in grain and straw were estimated using atomic absorption spectroscopy. -1 Tillering, number of grains spike , 1000- grain weight and paddy yield significantly (P≤0.05) increased at different levels of B. 1000-grain weight -1 -1 (31.7 g) and grain yield was the maximum (5.0 t ha ) at 2 kg B ha an...
Munir Ahmad* and Asif Ali Mirani**
HEATED AIR DRYING OF GROUNDNUT
... chance for developing aflatoxins in it is high. To solve this problem of the groundnut growers, a low cost mobile flat-bed dryer designed and developed at Agricultural and Biological Engineering Institute (ABEI), National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad was evaluated for drying groundnut. The dryer had been found capable to dry about 1818 kg groundnut from 23.3% moisture content t...
M. Asif Masood, Irum Raza* and Muhammad Yaseen**
ESTIMATION OF OPTIMUM FIELD PLOT SIZE AND SHAPE IN PADDY YIELD TRIAL
...ated a degree of low similarity among the experimental plots. Variance per unit area and coefficient of variation decreased rapidly with an increase in the plot size. Based on the coefficient of variation the optimum plot size for paddy yield trial was estimated to be 6m×12m with rectangle shape for Rice Research Institute, Kala Shah Kaku, Lahore. This estimated plot size is larger t...
Muhammad Zubair Anwar, M. Azeem Khan, Ikram Saeed, Akhtar Ali*, Shafique Zahid and Abdul Majid**
SMALL FARMERS PERCEPTIONS REGARDING IMPROVED FODDER AND FORAGE VARIETIES: RESULTS OF PARTICIPATORY ON FARM RESEARCH
...tent nutritional stress, lack of improved fodder varieties and lack of fodder preservation techniques for lean period. To resolve this issue improved fodder varieties and forage species were introduced. About 52 % women were of the view that in rabi season 50% grain yield was increased and 44% said that the increase in dry stalk was about 50%. While in kharif 72% respondents pointed out 55% increase in grain yield and simi
A.A. Mengal* , M. U. Mallah, Z. A. Mirani* and B. N. Siddiqui**
AN ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN
... are Turbat (Kech), Lasbela, Mastung, Sibi, and Loralai. A sample of 375 farmer respondents were taken with a systematic sampling procedure. The response rate was 82.67%. A detailed and comprehensive questionnaire was used for measuring the effectiveness of extension activities performed by public and private sector extension field staff. The results revealed that a number of farmers received visits from private extension fi...
Asrar Ali*, Ehsan-ul-Haq**, Abdul Rehman***, Javed Khan, Waseem Ahmad Gillani** and Maria Rauf*
BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND PREDATORY POTENTIAL OF MENOCHILUS SEXMACULATUS FAB. (COLEOPTERA:COCCINELLIDAE) AT VARYING TEMPERATURE ON RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI L.
...ers of Menochilus sexmaculatus Fab., as influenced by different temperature regimes and host were studied at Insectary-Biological Control Laboratories, National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad. The results revealed that there was a significant effect of different temperature regimes on the development and predatory potential of M. sexmaculatus reared on Rhopalosiphum padi. T...
EVALUATION OF LEGUME HERBS NUTRITIVE VALUE AS A RUMINANT FEED AND NITROGEN SUPPLY ON SOIL IN WEST TIMOR, INDONESIA
...pascuorum (CP), Dolichos lablab (DL), and Macroptilium bracteatum (MB). The study was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design. The research showed that the highest -l NO concentration after planting was in CP (5.72 mg ), followed by CT 3 -l -l -l (4.21mg ), MB (3.44 mg ), and DL (2.83 mg ). The species of legume was obviously highly significant (P<0.01) to biomass production 90 da...
Wabekwa, J.W., I.A. Sodagni and F.K. Mohammad*
PHYSIOLOGICAL GROWTH AND YIELD EVALUATION IN PMINERALIZED SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUS L.) UNDER SUDANOSAHELIAN AGRO-ECOLOGY, NIGERIA
...rved that leaf area per plant and plant dry weight increased with -1 increasing P O rates (40-60 kg ha ) at 6, 8 and 10 weeks after sowing (WAS) 2 5 . Crop growth rates similarly increased with increasing P O rates (40-80 kg 2 5 -1 ha ) at 6 WAS in both years and the combined means for the two years, and at 8 WAS in 2011 and the combined analysis. Days to 50% flowering and head dry weight ...
Arshad Ali, Imdad Ali Mahmood, Muhammad Salim, Muhammad Arshadullah* and Abdul Rasool Naseem**
GROWTH AND YIELD OF DIFFERENT BRASSICA GENOTYPES UNDER SALINE SODIC CONDITIONS
...ndomly (average of five plants per replication) at the time of crop maturity. Ionic concentration in plant tissues and oil content in seeds were also determined. Comparatively more number of branches and pods per plant were produced by cultivar Dunkled closely followed by BARD-I while maximum seed yield (241.7 and -1 235.1 kg ha ) was obtained from Dunkled and Sultan Raya, respectively whi...
Sajida Taj*, Muhammad Tariq Iqbal Khan**, Mazher Abbas and Arshed Bashir***
PRICE SPREAD AND MARKETING MARGINS OF CUT ROSE IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
... areas of Kasur and Faisalabad districts from Punjab province, the structure and marketing margins of producers and other marketing intermediaries are quantified along the existing two marketing channels for cut flowers. In the first channel the main players were producers, wholesalers-cum-commission agents, retailers and consumers. In the second channel producers were directly linked with retailers. In Channel-I the highest...
Ayesha Tahir* and Zafar Altaf**
DETERMINANTS OF INCOME FROM VEGETABLES PRODUCTION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NORMAL AND OFF-SEASON VEGETABLES IN ABBOTTABAD
...ectrum of year round availability of vegetables could be further extended. The off-season vegetable production offers a promising opportunity in this direction. The study is based on comparison of income obtained from production both in normal and off–season vegetables. Total sample of study was 150 vegetable producers of Abbottabad district. Majority of the sampled farmers were growing tomato and cucumber. There was not much fluctuation in the income am...
Shafique Qadir Memon*, Muhamamd Safar Mirjat, Abdul Quadir Mughal** Nadeem Amjad***, Muhammad Azhar Saeed, Shabbir Kalwar, Asif Ali Mirani and Habib Iqbal Javed****
TILLAGE AND NPK EFFECT ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SPRING MAIZE IN ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN
...justify;"> Tillage is a very important crop production practice which affect crop performance. An experiment was conducted during the spring crop season 2009 to compare the effect of three different tillage regimes i.e. deep, conventional and zero and four fertilizer levels viz., -1 control 100-50-50, 150-75-75 and 200-100-100 NPK kg ha . The randomized complete block design was used with three replications. There...
Amir Khatam*, Sher Muhammad, and Ijaz Ashraf**
ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL CONTACT METHODS IN DISSEMINATION OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES
...of information regarding latest agricultural technologies. However, awareness regarding personal letters as an extension method among the farming community was proved as the lowest (18.93%) entity in the study area. The extent of the use of individual contact methods namely farm visits, demonstrations, home visits and office call bearing mean st nd rd values 2.85, 2.81, 2.79 and 2.68 , respectively were ranked as 1 , 2 , 3 and th 4 , respectively. Simi
Muhammad Arshadullah, Syed Ishtiaq Hyder, Arshad Ali and Imdad Ali Mahmood*
CUMULATIVE EFFECT OF SULFUR AND CALCIUM ON WHEAT GROWTH AND YIELD UNDER SALINE-SODIC SOILS
...ity, data on tillering, plant height, spike -1 length, number of grains spike , 1000-grain weight, straw and paddy yields were recorded. Potassium (K), Na, Ca, S and Mg concentrations in grain were estimated using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Tillering, -1 grains spike , 1000-grain weight and paddy yield significantly (P≤0.05) enhanced by increasing the rate of gypsum (CaSO ). The maximum 4 -1 number of grains spike (60), 1000-grain weight (47 g) and gra...
Tahir Abbas, Bushra Nawab, Rahila Nazli, Rubina Saleem, Amrat Lal and Khalid Jamil*
EFFICACY OF COTTON WASTE COMPOST AND FERTINEMAKIL FERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH PARAMETER OF SUNFLOWER PLANTS
...reatment showed maximum plant growth character in terms of plant height, number of flowers, diameter of flowers, 1000 grains weight and oil contents. The highest significant improvement in plant growth characters were recorded in plots treated with cotton waste compost and cotton waste compost+ Fertinemakil fertilizer. The Fertinemakil alone showed less significant effect but it is a good ...
Amir Khatam*, Sher Muhammad and Ijaz Ashraf**
ROLE OF FARMER FIELD SCHOOLS IN ENHANCING SKILLS OF FARMING COMMUNITY IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
...followed by timely and balanced use of fertilizers and nd rd using recommended seed rate, which were ranked 2 and 3 with mean value 3.08 and 3.05, respectively. While, skill improvement in plant protection especially in the area of insect pests identification was ranked st 1 with mean value 3.22 closely followed by insect pests control by local nd rd recipes and their mass killing which were ranked 2 and 3 with mean values 3...
Rizwana Sultan*, Javed Khan, Ehsan ul Haq, Tariq Mehmood**, Roshan Zada Khattak***, and Naheed Akhtar**
BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF TRICHOGRAMMA CHILONIS ISHII (TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE: HYMENOPTERA) FEEDING ON SITOTROGA CEREALELLA EGGS AT THREE CONSTANT TEMPERATURES
... moth, Sitotroga cereallela eggs at three constant temperatures and five different ages of host eggs at Insect Pest Management Programme, National Agricultural Research Centre, (NARC) Islamabad. The results revealed that maximum rate of parasitism was 95.70 ± 1.94 at 28 ± 1 °C while minimum was 61.30 ± 1.70 at 32 ± 1 °C. Maximum adult emergence and female ratio from parasitized eggs were 9...
Muhammad Sohail*, Imtiaz Hussain*, Riaz-ud-din*, Syed Haider Abbas*, Maqsood Qamar* and Muhammad Noman*
EFFECT OF SPLIT N FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON PHYSIOAGRONOMIC TRAITS OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
...e. full basal N dose at planting and N application in two and three equal split doses at tiller formation and stem elongation stages. Maximum grain yield -1 -1 (5.20 t ha ) was achieved when N was applied @120 kg ha in three equal split doses at planting, tiller formation and stem elongation stages. N application in 2 and 3 split doses resulted in 25 - 50% grain yield advantage at all N rates as compared to single basal N do...
Sajida Taj*, Akhter Ali*, Nadeem Akmal*, Shujaat Yaqoob** and Mubarik Ali***
RAISED BED TECHNOLOGY FOR WHEAT CROP IN IRRIGATED AREAS OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
... adoption of raised bed planting of wheat in irrigated areas of Punjab, Pakistan. Wheat is an important staple food of Pakistan. It contributes 13 % to the value added in agriculture and 2.6 % to the GDP. The agrarian economy of Pakistan is continuously under stress due to the low yield of almost all the crops and constrained with many problem. One of the most important issues of agriculture is water shortage which is increasing day by day and is a major chall...
Waqar Akhtar*, Nadeem Akmal*, Hassnain Shah*, Muhammad Azam Niazi** and Ayesha Tahir*
EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS OF PAKISTANI HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS
..., clem have maintained relatively higher revealed comparative advantage as compared to other categories for the whole period under analysis. Onion export has revealed comparative advantage with some fluctuations over time. The research indicates that Pakistan's comparative and competitive advantages have been increasing in all the selected commodities during period under analysis which indicates the potential of horticulture exports for foreign exchange earnin...
Muhammad Farooq*, Hidayat Ullah*, Nausherwan Nobel Nawab* and Khalid Mahmood Qureshi**
EVALUATION OF INDIGENOUS TOMATO HYBRIDS UNDER PLASTIC TUNNEL
... 'Sahel' as check under plastic tunnel for yield and yield components at National Agricultural Research Centre, -1 Islamabad. Maximum yield of 71.58 tha was recorded in NTT-12-08 while minimum -1 yield (34.75 tha ) was observed in NTT-16-08. Sahel used as -1 check bore maximum number of fruits plant (30.26) and followed by NTT- -1 04-08 and NTT-03-08 bearing 28.68 and 24.16 fruits p
Sara Khalid*, Khalid Mahmood Qureshi*, Ishfaq Ahmad Hafiz*, Khalid Saifullah Khan* and Usman Shaukat Qureshi*
EFFECT OF ORGANIC AMENDMENTS ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH, FRUIT AND YIELD QUALITY OF STRAWBERRY
...dler which included T = planting 1 media -1 (soil + silt + farm yard manure); T = planting media + 400 mgl humic 2 -1 acid; T = planting media + 200 g kg leaf manure; T = planting media + 200 3 4 -1 -1 g kg vermicompost; T = planting media + 200 g kg plant fertilizer and T = 5 6 -1 p...
Rabeea Tariq*, Khalid Mahmood Qureshi*, Imran Hassan*, Muhammad Rasheed* and Usman Shaukat Qureshi*
EFFECT OF PLANTING DENSITY AND GROWING MEDIA ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF STRAWBERRY
... minerals with delicate flavors. It is perishable crop which is exceedingly in demand for its taste, profitability, high yield and good quality. To make the plant growth successful in the container, the requirement of special media is very important step because plant growth is largely depended on the physiochemical properties of the growing media used. ...
Maria Rauf*, Ehsan-ul-Haq**, Javed Khan**, Abdul Rehman***, Waseem Ahmad Gillani* and Asrar Ali**
BIOLOGY AND PREDATORY POTENTIAL OF COCCINELLA SEPTEMPUNCTATA LINN. ON SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM APHID UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS
...ory potential of Coccinella septempunctata (Linn.) were studied on aphid, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) at three constant temperatures 20±1 °C, 25±1 °C and 30±1 °C in Insectary-Bio Control Laboratories, National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad. The results revealed that incubation period of C. septempunctata was 5.12, 3.62 and 3.20 days with 75.6%, 82.0% and 71.2% hatchability,...
Abid Hussain*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Sonila Hassan**
PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF CAMEL PRODUCTS IN SEMIDESERT AND DESERT AREAS OF PAKISTAN
...ported milk sale. During last one year, sales of camel hides and hair were reported by few farmers (6% each). Mean purchase price of camel hides reported by shopkeepers in nearby town markets were higher than village level prices by 74.6 % and even more in case of hair. This is an indicative of camel farmers' exploitation by the village dealers. Mean quantity of hair sales was about 20 kg ...
Naheed Zahra*, Muhammad Zubair Anwar*, Sonila Hassan** and Irfan Mehmood**
INSTITUTIONAL CREDIT ARRANGEMENT AND THEIR IMPLICATION ON AGRICULTURAL INCOME IN THE SELECTED VILLAGES OF RAWALPINDI DISTRICT
...tistically significant relationship between institutional credit and agricultural income of the farmers. The other variables such as source of credit, ownership of farming machinery, access to market and family labour also have a positive and statistically significant relationship with the dependent variable except the age of the farmer. Therefore it is recommended that there is a strong n...
Hafiz Sultan Mahmood*, Munir Ahmad**, Tanveer Ahmad*, Muhammad Azhar Saeed* and Muhammad Iqbal***
POTENTIALS AND PROSPECTS OF PRECISION AGRICULTURE IN PAKISTAN - A REVIEW
...se the efficiency of available resources and reduce the input costs. Before this, the effectiveness of precision technologies needs to be realised in Pakistan through field experiments and land management practices....
Muhammad Yasin Mirza*, Mubashir Ahmad Khan*, Muhammad Amjad* and Malik Shah Nawaz*
STABILITY ANALYSIS FOR ECONOMIC TRAITS IN SESAME ( L.)
...ne inter-parameters correlation. Two locations (NARC and D.I. Khan) were suitable for high productivity. PR-19-9-S produced maximum (341 kgha ) at NARC and V-90005 produced 344 kgha and PARS-I produced 304 kgha at D.I Khan. The variance due to GE interaction was highly significant for all the traits showing heritable variation among the genotypes. The linear component of GE interaction was also significant for all traits except branches per p
Mubashir Ahmad Khan*, Muhammad Yasin Mirza*, Muhammad Amjad*, Nazakat Nawaz*, Malik Shah Nawaz* and Doulat Baig*
ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN GERMPLASM OF LINSEED ( L.)
...y, reproductive period, plant height, branches per plant, bolls per plant, plot biomass, harvest index and seed yield. Wide ranges between the mean values with high CV values were exhibited by plant height, bolls per plant, biomass and seed yield accompanied with maximum values of variances and standard deviation, reve...
Nasia Batool*, Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar**, Imdad Hussain Mirza** and Muhammad Fateh Ullah Khan**
MIXING LESS PALATABLE GRASSES WITH UREA, MOLASSES AND EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISMS AND ITS EFFECT ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND DIGESTIBILITY IN GOATS
...tural Research Centre, Islamabad to find out impacts of supplementation of low palatable grasses with urea, molasses and Effective Microorganisms (EM) on chemical composition and digestibility in goats. (HC), (CA), (SH) and (DB) were used and the combinations were grass + 4% molasses, grass + 4% urea, grass + 4% urea + 4% mola
Elizabeth Stephen Waghchoure-Camphor* and Mohammad Irshad**
SURVEY OF MANAGED F. (APIDAE: HYMENOPTERA) POPULATION IN GALIAT, MURREE AND ISLAMABAD
...Abbottabad, Murree and Islamabad to estimate the population of honey bee Fabricius. Subsequent field visits were made to locate these bees. This study is first of its type in Pakistan to document the population density of this bee. It reveals the distribution and strength of population of in mainly hilly areas of Pakistan. The objective of this study is ...
Abdul Rehman Roonjho*, Waseem A. Gillani**, Awais Rasool**, Naheed Akhtar**, Tariq Mahmood**, Arsalan A.***, M. Afzal*, Iqbal Khan* , M. Asghar Ranjha**** , M. Irfan**** and Javed Khan**
REPELLENCY EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PLANT EXTRACTS TO COTTON MEALY BUG, TINSLEY (HEMIPTERA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE)
...elling effects of peach plant L. (Rosales: Rosaceae), Eucalyptus, L. (Myrtales: Myrtaceae), Ashok, (Magnoliids: Annonaceae), Milk thistle, (Asterales: Asteraceae), and Sow thistle, (Asterales: Asteraceae) extracts each in petroleum ether, acetone and ethanol were evaluated at the concentration of 1000, 500 and 250 ppm against cotton mealy bug ( ) in a free choice bioassay for two weeks. The ethanol extract of was the most effective against cotton mealy bug hav...
Ayesha Tahir* and Sonila Hassan**
ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF SMALL SCALE BUTTON MUSHROOM PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN
...Research Centre (NARC) Islamabad, Pakistan. The cost of production methodology was used for this study. The yield and gross return of mushroom was estimated at 155.6 kg ha and Rs.77,800 ha , respectively. The results indicated the fact that mushroom production is very much remunerative to its producers as it can give maximum net return by reducing their cost of production as its cultivation is dependent on the agricultural raw material which is cheaply avai
Amir Khatam*, Sher Muhammad**, Badar Naseem Siddiqui***, Muhammad Zakaria Yousuf Hassan****, Ijaz Ashraf**, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan***** and Aijaz Kuharoo******
COMMUNICATION OF AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION THROUGH GROUP CONTACT METHODS IN PAKISTAN
...panel discussions, role playing and brainstorming. However, seed/ fertilizer dealers proved to be the most effective source of agricultural information followed by workshops, panel discussions, role playing and brainstorming. However, 28.93 of the respondents never contacted seed/fertilizer dealers while 31.78% occasionally contacted, 26.43% rarely contacted and 12.86% regularly contacted ...
Md. Nazirul Islam*, A. K. Azad**, Leon O. Namuco***, Teresita H. Borromeo***, Maria Lourdes O. Cedo*** and Edna A. Aguilar***
MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION AND DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF A MAKAPUNO COCONUT POPULATION IN U.P. LOS BANOS
... was observed in the population of 52 palms. Yield of makapuno was estimated as 88%. Simultaneous occurrence of male and female phases allows self-pollination, which favors higher yield of makapuno. The principal component analysis revealed that fruit, nut and husk weight accounted for 99 % of the observed variation. Twelve morphological variables, grouped the population into 6 clusters. Common characters of palm belonging t...
Adnan Umair*, Safdar Ali**, Muhammad Sarwar***, Kashif Bashir**, Muhammad Javed Tareen**** and Muhammad Asghar Malik*****
ASSESSMENT OF SOME PRIMING TECHNIQUES IN MUNGBEAN (VIGNA RADIATA) : A GREEN HOUSE STUDY
... significantly improved plant vigor in terms of final germination biomass, root, shoot length and nutrient uptake of mungbean seedlings compared to control (non-primed dry seedling). The application of seed priming also improved the protein concentration at the early stage of seedlings. Phosphorous application through priming significantly improved germination up to 95%, seedling -1 vigour index up to 23.05 and protein content up to 2.17 (g FW)....
Sadia Tehrim*, M. Yasin Mirza** and G. Mustafa Sajid*
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT GROWTH REGULATORS FOR EFFICIENT PLANT REGENERATION IN GRAPES
...ray. When levels of benzylaminopurine (BAP) were increased in the basal MS media for culturing the grape plantlets, there was a corresponding increase in the number of shoots and root mass. Additionally, the shoot proliferation response to increasing level of BAP was found genotype dependent. Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) also showed a positive effect on in vitro growth responses (shoot proliferation and root induction) when ...
Rashid Mahmood*, Elizabeth Stephen Wagchoure* and Ghulam Sarwar*
INFLUENCE OF SUPPLEMENTAL DIETS ON APIS MELLIFERA L. COLONIES FOR HONEY PRODUCTION
...tural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan, to investigate alternative nutrients to pollen grain. Sixteen A. mellifera bee hives were selected alike with respect to number of frames and bees present in them. Honey bee colonies were divided into four groups of four colonies each. The honey extracted from the T (soybean diet), T (gram 1 2 diet), T (maize diet) and T (sugar only) was 21.3 kg ± 0.22, 24.4 kg ± 0.29, 3 4 19.3 kg ± 0.11 and 16 k...
Tabinda Qaiser*, Ayesha Tahir*, Sajida Taj* and Murad Ali*
BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS OF APICULTURE ENTERPRISE: A CASE STUDY IN DISTRICT CHAKWAL, PAKISTAN
...of the study was to calculate benefit-cost analysis of beekeeping in Chakwal. The data was collected from 25 beekeepers of Chakwal district because this enterprise is working more in areas like Chakwal, Sargodha, FatehJang and Mardan. Beekeepers were selected randomly for case study and they were interviewed for getting the necessary data to determine the costs and return of beekeeping and assess the scope of beekeeping. The benefit cost ratio of beekeeping wa...
Muhammad Tayyab Mudassar*, Ehsan-ul-Haq*, Muhammad Naeemullah**, Muhammad Shakeel*, Muhammad Ashfaque*, Asmat un Nisa* and Javed Khan*
ECONOMIC REARING OF CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA (STEPHENS) (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) IN INSECTARY
...ity insects with minimum labour and cost. The maintenance cost of 100 Chrysoperla carnea adults was Rs. 192.38 per month, which included the labour cost of Rs. 152.38 and diet cost of Rs. 40. Approximately 4000 eggs per month were obtained from the C. carnea adult culture and the cost per egg was Rs. 0.04. This study also revealed that the diet consumption of 100 C. carnea
Naheed Akhtar*, Awais Iqbal**, Habib Iqbal Javed*, Javed Khan*, Muhammad Riaz*, Waseem Ahmad Gillani*, Tariq Mahmood*, Awais Rasool* and Tahira Yasmin*
EVALUATION OF RECOMMENDED WHEAT VARIETIES FOR RESISTANCE AGAINST SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM (RONDANI) (APHIDIDAE: HOMOPTERA) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
... Momal-2002, TD-1 and Zarlasta-99 were found resistant in seedling bulk test. Momal-2002 was the least preferred in antixenosis mechanism of resistance NARC-2009, Momal-2002 and Sulaman-96 were the least fecund in antibiosis mechanism of resistance and TD-1, NARC-2009 and Sussui were highly tolerant in tolerance mechanism of resistance. Out of 50 varieties under trial three varieties namely NARC-09, Momal-2002 and TD-1 were ...
Javed Khan*, Ehsan-ul-Haq*, Habib Iqbal Javed*, Tariq Mahmood*,
Awais Rasool*, Naheed Akhtar and Saleem Abid**
BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND PREDATORY POTENTIAL OF CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) FEEDING ON WHEAT APHID SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
...l parameters of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) on Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) aphid were carried out in Insecatry- Bio control Laboratories, Insect Pest Management Programme, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan. The results indicate that incubation period was 3.8±0.08 days with 87.0% hatchability. The developm...
Said Salman*, Shah Jehan Khan*, Javed Khan**, Rehmat Ullah Khan*** and Imran Khan****
GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES IN BREAD WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) ACCESSIONS
...valuated for yield and related traits during winter 2010-2011. Highly significant (P≤0.01) differences were found for all the traits studied indicating the scope of improvement through simple selection for high mean values of these traits. Maximum genotypic differences were observed for all the studied parameters except chlorophyll concentration index and number of spikelet per spike indicating considerable amount of variation among the accessions for each ...
Nusrat Habib*, Muhammad Zubair Anwar* and Ikram Saeed*
COMPARATIVE PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF RECOMMENDED MUNGBEAN VARIETIES AT NARC EXPERIMENTAL STATION, ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN
...esearch Centre (NARC), Islamabad and thus recommend a higher profit earning variety towards pulses growing areas of the country. Primary data of crop management practices was collected by Pulses Programme, NARC, Islamabad. Pulses Programme, NARC, cultivated different mungbean varieties for experimental purpose to find out the comparatively best variety in terms of economic benefit. The results of the study were anticipated t...
Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar*, Maqsood Ahmad*, Gulshan Riaz* and Sartaj Khan*
PERFORMANCE OF SUMMER FORAGE LEGUMES AND THEIR RESIDUAL EFFECT ON SUBSEQUENT OAT CROP IN SUBTROPICAL SUBHUMID POTHWAR, PAKISTAN
...), cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata), rice beans (Vigna umbellata), lablab bean (Lablab purpureus) and cluster bean (Cymopsis tetragonoloba) with reference to a cereal fodder reference crop of millet (Pennisetum typhoides) and their residual effects on the succeeding oat crop at the National Agricultural Research Centre, Is<...
Abid Hussain*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Sonila Hassan**
ECONOMICS OF COW MILK PRODUCTION IN SINDH AND AZAD JAMMU & KASHMIR
...ean milk productions per lactation of Red-Sindhi breed were 1845 lit and 1590 lit in the irrigated and coastal areas of Sindh, respectively. Productivity of Thari breed in desert areas of Sindh and that of non-descript cow breed in AJK was 1411 lit and 2008 lit per lactation, respectively. Cow milk production is profitable farming activity in irrigated areas of Sindh and mountainous-AJK with benefit-cost ratios of 1.5 and 1....
Shafique Qadir Memon*, Nadeem Amjad**, Muhammad Safar Mirjat***, Abdul Quadir Mughal***, Khalil Ahmad Ibupoto***, Shabbir Ahmad Kalwar****, Asif Ali Mirani**** and Muhammad Azhar Saeed****
EFFECT OF TILLAGE AND USE OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF MAIZE
...lign: justify;"> Tillage is an important crop production practice which affects crop performance. It was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. An experiment was conducted during the spring and autumn crop seasons 2009-2010.The objective of the trial was to compare the effect of three different tillage regimes namely, deep til
Tanzila Kazmi*, Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry*, Aftab Ahmed** and Shaheer Ellahi Khan**
FARMERS BELIEFS ABOUT INDIGENOUS FARMING PRACTICES AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
... was conducted in the village Dagal, Rawalpindi District by using the statistical technique in which the sample of 187 farmers were drawn out of the population of 3680, to cultivate insight and beliefs regarding the indigenous farming practices and how it is related with sustainable agricultural development. During the study a mixture of qualitative techniques including interview guide(s),...
Naveed Jehan*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla**, Muhammad Shahzad*, Abid Hussain**, Muhammad Zahoor*, Majid Khan* and Ahmed Bilal*
USE OF MOBILE PHONES BY FARMING COMMUNITY AND ITS IMPACT ON VEGETABLE PRODUCTIVITY
...io and mobile phone are playing important role in agriculture productivity enhancement, growth and farmers’ prosperity. Mobile phone helps farmers in getting information about commodity prices in different markets. The farmers can get up-to-date information about various markets in different regions and can accordingly arrange transportation and labor services in time. The study was conducted to see the effect of timel...
Ayesha Tahir*
FORECASTING CITRUS EXPORTS IN PAKISTAN
...p;The present study was planned to check the trend analysis of export quantity and export value for citrus in Pakistan. The findings of the study are based on citrus export quantity and export value data from 1990 to 2011. Two models of trend analysis were applied but most appropriate model for trend analysis of the present study was quadratic trend model. Forecasting was done from 2012 to 2016.The forecasted export quantities are 1643.13, 1854.03, 2077.80, 23...
Ali Ahsan Bajwa*, Ehsanullah*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum*, Wahaj Nafees*, Mohsin Tanveer* and Hafiz Salman Saeed*
IMPACT OF FERTILIZER USE ON WEED MANAGEMENT IN CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE - A REVIEW
... been adopted to produce large amounts of food grains and cash crops but environment is being deteriorated at alarming rate also. Increased use of fertilizers, pesticides, chemical growth regulators, machinery and poor management practices are accelerating environmental pollution, soil degradation, global warming, climatic change and food deterioration. Conservation agriculture offers a su...
Muhammad Sohail*, Imtiaz Hussain*, Riaz-ud-Din*, Sikandar Khan Tanveer*, Maqsood Qamar* and Syed Haider Abbas*
EVALUATION OF ADVANCE WHEAT LINES FOR AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN RAINFED ENVIRONMENT
...esearch Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan to evaluate the agronomic traits of three advance lines (NR-397, NR-379 and NR-400) in comparison to released variety (NARC-09) under rainfed conditions during crop season 2010-2011. Crop was sown on normal (November 15) and late (December 15) planting times to create variable growing conditions especially during reproductive growth period. The ad...
Mustaring,* I. Subagyo,** Soebarinoto** and Marsetyo*
GROWTH, YIELD AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF NEW INTRODUCED BRACHIARIA SPECIES AND LEGUME HERBS AS RUMINANT FEED IN CENTRAL SULAWESI, INDONESIA
...achiaria brizantha, B. mulato, and B. mutica and five legume herbs such as Clitoria ternatea, Dolichos lablab, Macroptilium bracteatum, Centrosema pascuorum and Centrosema pascuorum in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia using completely randomised block design. Each species was planted on 2.5m x 3m plot, and repeated 6 and 4 ...
Nazakat Nawaz*, Malik Shah Nawaz*, Mubashir Ahmad Khan*, Mirza M. Yasin*, Doulat Baig*, Nasir Mehmood Cheema**, Muhammad Amjad** and M. Altaf Sher**
EFFECT OF BORON ON PEANUT GENOTYPES UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
...al Research -1 Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan. Five rates 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 kg B ha as boric acid (H BO ) were applied. Boron fertilizer applications significantly 3 3 increased dry pod yield of all the tested genotypes over control. Dry pod yields of BARD-479, ICG-7326, and ICGV-92023 increased by 14- 20%, 21- 26% and 27- 34%, respectively. Genotype BARD-479 was the most boron efficient user, 83- 88% followed by ICG-7326, 79-83% and ICGV- 92023, 75- 79%...
Farman Ullah Shah*, G. Mustafa Sajid** and Sadar Uddin Siddiqui**
EVALUATION OF MULCHING MATERIALS AS INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT COMPONENT IN MAIZE CROP
... efficacy of various available mulches for suppressing weeds in maize crop at National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad during kharif (autumn) season 2011. The experiment was laid in Randomized Complete Block Design, (RBCD) having eight treatments and four replications. The treatments were black plastic, ...
Asghar Ali*, Muhammad Tahir**, Shahid Riaz Malik* and Muhammad Hanif Munawwar*
EVALUATION OF PRE AND POST-EMERGENCE HERBICIDES FOR WEED MANAGEMENT IN LENTIL (LENS CULINARIS MEDIK.)
...uron after one month of planting @ 2 kg ha . Both the treatments showed 193.9% and 109.2% yield increase, respectively, over -1 the check. It indicates that Isoproturon @ 2 kg ha can be used pre or postemergence in lentil fields to control the weeds without causing injury to lentil plants....
Nazir Ahmad*, Sultan Ayaz*, Sumaira Shams**, Karimullah*** and Riaz Ahmad****
PREVALENCE AND MORPHOLOGY OF HELMINTH PARASITES OF FISH FROM RIVER SWAT, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...halus, Nippotaenia, Cucullanidae, Proteocephalus, Rhabdochona charsaddiensis, Rhabdochona schizothoracis and Neoechynorhynchus devdevi. They were identified by morphological characteristics through microscopic techniques. Overall prevalence of the fish parasites was 58% (145/250). Among these Schizothorax plageostomus fish 93.04% (107/115), Schizothorax labiatus 61.11% (33/54), Salmo trutt...
Saima Rani*, Hassnain Shah*, Umar Farooq** and Bushra Rehman**
SUPPLY, DEMAND, AND POLICY ENVIRONMENT FOR PULSES IN PAKISTAN
...evelop suitable demand relations. Therefore the paper fills an information gap regarding factors affecting the supply and demand of pulses in Pakistan. The present study focuses on two important pulses grown in the country namely gram (chickpea) and mung (mungbean). Using Nerlove's adjustment lag model as the basic framework supply and demand aspect has been studied at the national level, based on the time series data from 1...
Rehmat Ullah*, Kalim Ullah** and Mohammad Zafarullah Khan*
EXTENSION SERVICES AND TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION OF DATE PALM (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L.) IN DISTRICT DERA ISMAIL KHAN
...Himat, Jhok Moazam, Matwala Shah, Chura and Jhok Malkanri) of the district Dera Ismail Khan by personal interview method from a sample of 51 respondents selected from these villages. Agriculture was the major profession of the farmers (80.3%). It was found that 62.7% of the respondents were never visited by the extension workers while 60.7% of the respondents never attended any meeting with field staff or Agriculture Officer...
Muhammad Sharif*, Muhammad Azam Niazi*, Abdul Jabbar** and Sajida Taj***
FINANCIAL PROFITABILITY OF WHITE SUGAR PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN
...n Pakistan is the second largest agro-based industry after textile. The calculation of ex-factory production cost of sugar supports the sugarcane support price programme in the country. The present paper aimed at up-dating the financial profitability of white sugar on the basis of recent data in the country. The total cost of white sugar production was Rs. -1 50.11kg in Pakistan. The estimated financial profit of white sugar...
Syeda Nasreen*, Mehwish Ishaque**, Muhammad Ayub Khan*, Saleem-ud-din* and Syeda Musarrat Gilani*
COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS FOR SEED PROTEINS, OIL CONTENT AND FATTY ACIDS COMPOSITION IN SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)
...ines comprising six cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) and six fertility restorer (R ) lines were crossed in a line x tester mating design to obtain 36 f F hybrids. Parental lines and F hybrids exhibited mean values for seed 1 1 total proteins, oil content and fatty acids composition. Among parental lines, CMS-64, CMS-53, CMS-H55-2-2-1 and CMS-53 were the best general combiners for seed total proteins, oil content, oleic and linoleic acid, respectively. Among male...
Abid Hussain*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Nouman Badar*
YIELD GAP DETERMINANTS FOR WHEAT PRODUCTION IN MAJOR IRRIGATED CROPPING ZONES OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...ion by assuming Cobb-Douglas specification reveals that the number of irrigations, usage of farm yard manure and fertilizers contribute positively and significantly to wheat crop production. Coefficients of dummy variables for cropping zones indicate that farmers in the mixed cropping zone are obtaining better yield of the wheat crop as compared to their counterparts in other selected cropping zones. These results suggested that farmers can increase wheat prod...
Maqsood Qamar*, S. Dilanawaz Ahmad Gardazi**, Riaz-ud-Din*, Muhammad Sohail* and Syed Haider Abbas*
PARTIAL RESISTANCE TO STRIPE RUST AND ITS EFFECT ON SUSTAINABILITY OF WHEAT YIELD
...sceptible cultivars are planted under favorable conditions. Level of partial plant resistance in bread wheat and its impact on sustainable wheat production was studied at the National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad under natural conditions in the field. Eleven Pakistani commercial wheat cultivars/advance lines including check (Inqalab 91) were a...
Sajid Ali*, Quratulain Altaf** and Umar Farooq*
ACREAGE RESPONSE OF FLUE CURED VIRGINIA TOBACCO IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
... short-run and long-run elasticities. The study found a long-run price elasticity of 0.33, thereby revealing that FCV acreage response to its own price is relatively inelastic. The short-run acreage response was also low (0.13) and therefore relatively inelastic. This implies that pr...
Frasat Saeed*, Jehanzeb Farooq*, Abid Mahmood**, Tassawar Hussain***, Muhammad Riaz* and Saghir Ahmad****
GENETIC DIVERSITY IN UPLAND COTTON FOR COTTON LEAF CURL VIRUS DISEASE, EARLINESS AND FIBER QUALITY
... In Pakistan during last two decades the major factor limiting cotton production is cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD). For estimation of genetic diversity regarding CLCuD tolerance, fiber quality and some yield contributing traits, 101 cotton genotypes imported from USA were evaluated. Different statistical procedures like cluster, principle components (PC) and correlation analysis were employed to identify the sui...
Muhammad Ali*, Ghulam Mustafa Sajid**, M. Faisal Anwar Malik*** and Kalimullah****
ESTABLISHMENT OF IN VITRO CULTURE OF GRAPES
...ulture from shoot tip explants (meristemetic tissue) of grapes was investigated through tissue culture technique. These explants were collected from gene bank of Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources (IABGR), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan. Fifteen accessions of grapes were surface sterilized and tested on 75% MS media for germinat...
Samiullah*, Mehmood Shah*, Kalim Ullah**, Rehmat Ullah*** and Ibrarullah****
PROFITABILITY OF WHEAT PRODUCTION IN DERA ISMAIL KHAN
...d was employed and 11 villages were selected at random which are the major wheat producing villages in the said district. A total of 50 respondents were probed by personal interview method from the sampled villages. Cost and return (gross return) data from the respondents were analyzed. Farm budgeting technique for estimating cost, gross return and profitability was applied. The analysis o...
Aniqa Iram*, Javed Khan**, Nadeem Aslam**, Ehsan-ul-Haq**, Habib Iqbal Javed**, Muhammad Irfan*, Awais Rasool*, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi** and Sumera Aslam*
EFFICACY OF PLANT DERIVED OILS AND EXTRACTS AGAINST WHITEFLY, BEMISIA TABACI (GENNADIUS) ON SESAME CROP
...d on more than 600 host plants worldwide. Different methods are being used for its control. The present experiment was conducted to determine the effect of some plant extracts of mint (Mentha spp.) and geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) and soybean oil (Glycine max), mustard oil (Brassica spp.) and taramera oil (Eruca sativa) against whitefly, Bemisia tabaci on sesame crop. The data were re...
Naheed Zahra*, Hassnain Shah*, M. Azeem Khan* and M. Zubair Anwar*
LIVELIHOOD ASSETS AND POVERTY NEXUS: A CASE STUDY FROM RAINFED POTHWAR AREA OF PAKISTAN
...ousehold was highly correlated with the livelihood sources (P<0.01), water availability for irrigation(P<0.10) and tenancy status (P<0.05). The results regarding poverty revealed that 2.50% of the sampled households were chronically poor, 5.0% transitory poor, 37.5% transitory vulnerable, 32.5% transitory non- poor and 22.5% was non-poor. Most of the sampled households fall along the transition line which implies th...
Rashid Minhas*, Iftikhar Ahmad Khan**, Faisal Saeed Awan**, Lal Hussain Akhtar*, Syed Awais Sajid Shah* and M. Shahjhan Bukhari*
ESTIMATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AND HYBRID IDENTIFICATION IN AMERICAN COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.) BY PCR BASED RAPD ANALYSIS
...arents with their particular hybrids, true hybrids were identified by six primers namely GLA-7, GLA-8, GLA-15, GLA-19, GLD-3 and GLD-5. Consequently, RAPD analysis can be used ...
Munir Ahmad*, Asif Ali Mirani**, Hafiz Sultan Mahmood**, Tanveer Ahmad** and Muhammad Azhar Saeed**
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF CROSS-FLOW RICE DRYERS
...akistan because of unavailability of postharvest drying and processing technologies. About 70% of the rice produced in the country is dried through sun heat. which is one of the major causes of reducing head rice recovery during the milling operation. Recently, cross-flow rice dryers have been adopted in the rice milling industry of the country. The heat source of these cross-flow dryers can be a gas or rice husk. This study focussed on the performance evaluat...
Muhammad Tahir*, Muhammad Irfan* and Aziz-Ur-Rehman*
EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF ZINC ON YIELD AND OIL CONTENTS OF FLAX
...eld and oil contents of flax. The present field study was conducted to find out the effect of foliar application of zinc on yield, yield components and oil contents of flax. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The 12 different zinc levels viz., control, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00%, 1.25%, 1.50%, 1.75%, 2.00%, 2.25%, 2.50%, 2.75% and 3.00%...
Mian Sabahatullah*, Manzoor Ahmad Mashwani**, Qurratul Ain Tahira* and Mian Inayatullah*
NEW RECORD OF SUBFAMILY CHARMONTINAE (BRACONIDAE: HYMENOPTERA) IN PAKISTAN WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES
...pared with its closely related species Charmon extensor. The new species is different from C. extensor because of different sculpture of metasomal tergum 1 and shape of pterostigma. Pterostigma is 3X longer than broad in this new species, while it is 5X longer than broad in C. extensor. The addition of the new species raises the number of Charmon species to eight in the world. Species of Charmontinae are larval and pupal end...
Gul Zamin Khan*, Imtiaz Ali Khan**, Inamullah Khan* and Mian Inayatullah**
OUTDOOR BREEDING OF MOSQUITO SPECIES AND ITS POTENTIAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...bsp;Entomological surveillance study was conducted in four selected sites; Peshawar, Nowshera, Mardan and Charsadda of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during 2012-13 for development of ultimate control strategies of mosquito breeding in outdoor habitats. Larvae were collected from various mosquito breeding habitats such as irrigation channels, irrigation water leakages, pots, vase, tyres, temporary containers stagnant flood waters, etc. Ovitraps were used as moni...
Hassnain Shah*, Nadeem Akmal*, Waqas Farooq*, Muhammad Azeem Khan* and Shahid Munir**
SHIFT FROM SITE DEVELOPMENT TO SKILL DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY OF WATER HARVESTING THROUGH MICRO CATCHMENTS
... conservation for fruit plants but also cost effective, water, labor and resource saving along with farmer friendly under rainfed condition with scare supplemental water availability. The cost of adoption of technology including labor charges for its preparation and maintenance was recovered from irrigation cost saved from single rainfall at the demonstr...
Ambreen Akhtar Saddozai*, Amer Mumtaz*, Nouman Rashid*, Shahzada Arshad Saleem**, Saeeda Raza* and Muhammad Naeem Safdar*
COMPARISON OF INDIGENOUSLY DEVELOPED TANGERINE-ORANGE MARMALADE WITH BRANDED MARMALADES AVAILABLE AT LOCAL MARKETS
...ded and non-branded marmalades. Oranges were purchased from local markets while tangerines were product of in-house farm at Food Science and Product Development Institute (FSPDI), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad. Juices were extracted and kept in sterilized and sealed glass bottles. Samples were subsequently analyzed for Total Pla...
Nusrat Habib*, Saima Rani*, Sabeen Siddiqui*, Shah Zaman** and Muhammad Zubair Anwar*
IMPACT OF MAJOR FARM INPUTS ON PRODUCTIVITY OF SUGARCANE: A CASE STUDY IN TEHSIL KOT ADDU, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...harvesting. The costs of land preparation, DAP, urea, irrigation, FYM, seed and labor for harvesting were the significant factors which affect on the proceeds of sugarcane growers. The results revealed that costs of land preparation, DAP and urea were highly significant at 1% level with positive coefficients 0.94, 0.23 and 0.76, respectively. The cost of FYM was significant at 1% level wit...
Muhammad Sharif*, Muhammad Azam Niazi* and Abdul Jabbar**
SEAFOOD EXPORTS: CHALLENGES AND WAY FORWARD
...tan. The production of inland and marine fish was 729,000 t in 2012-13. Not only seafood output in the country is low but dwindling to the disastrous level. Export of seafood has increased from 131,620 t (a value of US$ 315.5 million) in 2011-12 to 136,360 t (a value of US$ 333.13 million) in 2012-13, with an annual increase of 9.5% in term of quantity and 4.5% in term of value. Decline in seafood resources, lack of shrimp c...
Farrukh Saleem*, Babar Hilal Ahmad*, Saleem Zahid* and Bilal Kabeer*
COMPARATIVE PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF INDIGENOUS NAKED NECK AND NAKED NECK CROSSBRED LAYER CHICKENS
...esearch Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan. A total of 72 birds (16 weeks of age) comprising 30 females and 6 males of each breed were divided into six experimental units / replicates (10 females and 2 male / replicate). Separate breeding pen were allotted to each replicate. The birds were fed ad-libitum. The data on body weight, feed consumption, daily egg production, egg weight, egg shell thickness and mortality were recorded. Naked Neck Crossbred (NNC)
Usman Shakoor*, Abdul Saboor*, Irfan Baig*, Anila Afzal** and Abdul Rahman***
CLIMATE VARIABILITY IMPACTS ON RICE CROP PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN
...d of research during the last decade. Climate changes are believed to have declining effects towards crop production in Pakistan. This study carries an empirical investigation of the effects of climate change on rice crop of Pakistan by employing Vector Auto Regression (VAR) model. Annual seasonal data of the climatic variables from 1980 to 2013 has been used. Results confirmed that rising mean maximum temperature would lead to reduction in rice production whi...
Muhammad Aamir Khan*, Abdul Saboor*, Rauf-i-Azam**, Abdul Qayyum Mohsin* and Fayyaz-ul-Hassan***
IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION ON INCOME INEQUALITY IN PAKISTAN
... multiple households and labor types. This disaggregation allows to analyze distributional impacts and to implement policy scenarios that target particular households. The economy wise results showed that agricultural trade liberalization increases income inequality and somewhat detrimental to the rural household types, who guage most of their income from agricultural business. Trade policy must be pursued keeping derivation...
Maimoona Bashir*, Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar*, Muhammad Fateh Ullah Khan* and Abdul Razzaq*
EFFECT OF MIXING LOW PALATABLE GRASSES AND IPIL IPIL LEAVES ON FORAGE QUALITY
...tural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan to investigate the impact of mixing low palatable grasses namely Heteropogon contortus, Desmostachya bipinnata, Sorghum halepense and Chrysopogon aucheri with tree leaves of Leucaena leucocephala (Ipil ipil) in the ratio of 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, along with sole species on their chemical composition. Samples were analyzed for proximate parameters (c...
Maimoona Bashir*, Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar*, Muhammad Fateh Ullah Khan* and Raheel Babar*
EFFECT OF MIXING LOW PALATABLE GRASS OF HETEROPOGON CONTORTUS WITH IPIL IPIL LEAVES ON DIGESTIBILITY IN GOATS
...tural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan during 2012 to find out the effect of mixing low palatable grasses of Heteropogon contortus (HC), with tree leaves of Leucaena leucocephala (Ipil ipil, II) in the ratio of 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, along with sole species on their digestibility in small ruminants. Goats fed II , HC II , HC II , HC II and HC had simila
Muhammad Shahzad*, Ayesha Tahir**, Naveed Jehan*** and Muhammad Luqman*
IMPACT OF DIFFERENT PACKAGING TECHNOLOGIES ON POSTHARVEST LOSSES OF STONE FRUITS IN SWAT PAKISTAN
...s was employed to find relation between post-harvest losses and different factors at three different stages. Findings of the study revealed the channel of cardboard box technology accounted for post-harvest losses of 10.49% while at farm level, losses were 2.90%, at wholesale level 1.45% and retail level the losses were 6.14%. On the other hand post-harvest losses were 14.24% in wooden box channel; in which 6.10% occurred at farm level, 1.43% at the wholesale ...
Sajid Ali* and Abdul Jabbar**
GROWTH AND VARIABILITY IN AREA PRODUCTION AND YIELD OF SELECTED FRUIT CROPS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...76 to 2011-12). Cuddy-Della Valle index has been used for variability analysis. The findings of the study revealed that growth in production of selected fruit remained positive with area under fruit as a major contributor during period-I. Period-II witnessed either low or negative growth in fruit production except peach. Variability in fruit production was higher in period-II as compared to period-I. Main contributor to fluctuations in fruit production during ...
Muhammad Ayub*, Rizwan Maqbool*, Muhammad Tahir*, Zoaib Aslam*, Muhammad Ather Nadeem* and Muhammad Ibrahim**
IMPROVED GROWTH, SEED YIELD AND QUALITY OF FENNEL (FOENICULUM VULGARE MILL.) THROUGH SOIL APPLIED NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS
...45 kg -1 ha ) increased plant height by 44%, number of leaves per plant by 76%, 1000 seed weight by 44%, biological yield by 50%, seed yield by 296%, harvest index by 162% and protein content by 6%. However, fertilizer NP -1 (90:45 kg ha ) decreased oil content by 26%. Therefore, addition of NP fertilizer had the potential to increase fennel seed yield, but reduce oil content, under Faisala
Mazher Abbas*, Irfan Mehmood*, Arshed Bashir*, Muhammad Ather Mehmood* and Sonila Hassan*
WOMEN COTTON PICKERS PERCEPTIONS ABOUT HEALTH HAZARDS DUE TO PESTICIDE USE IN IRRIGATED PUNJAB
... from the perspective of largest employment generation both for males and females in the production and value chains. Cotton picking is primarily a female specific activity in all cropping zones of Pakistan. Women cotton pickers mostly belong to poor rural society involved in this labour force to feed their families. Cotton pickers in Pakistan face some serious health related problems due ...
Arshed Bashir*, Fatima Ahmad**, Irfan Mehmood*, Muhammad Qasim*, Mazher Abbas* and Sonila Hassan*
ECONOMICS OF RED MEAT PRODUCTION IN PUNJAB
...ricts of Punjab (Gujranwala and Sialkot from rice-wheat zone and Chiniot and Faisalabad from mixed cropping zone) were selected for data collection and 76 red meat producers were interviewed. The results showed that commercial farms were dominated by cows while the small sized specialized farms were dominated by buffaloes. The mean age, sale price and live weight of sold buffaloes was 2.8 years, Rs. 64963.8 and 157 kg, respe...
Syeda Aimen Hadi*, Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry*, Aftab Ahmed** and Shaheer Ellahi Khan***
PERCEPTION, APPROACHES AND PRACTICES OF LOCAL FARMING AND DEVELOPMENT: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACH
...presentative of a particular ecological, social, economical, and political system, shaped by the constraints and opportunities associated to the area. Effective and successful development projects must include the local perceptions, their approaches and practices, as the locals are the ones most representative of their issues and have the most workable solution to them. The traditional agriculture has completely been clutched into the nexus of modern farming m...
Muhammad Akhter*, Muhammad Azhar Ali**, Zulqarnain Haider* and Shahzad Muzammil***
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHANGES IN GRAINS OF SOME ADVANCE LINES/ VARIETIES OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) AFTER PARBOILING
...ce Research Institute, Kala Shah Kaku, including approved fragrant (Basmati) rice variety i.e., Basmati-2000, were used to assess interactive efficacy of parboiling on these varieties/lines and practical expediency of using standardized parboiling technique for improving nutritional, milling and cooking qualities of these lines/varieties. For this purpose, white milled and parboiled rice samples of ten lines/varieties were analyzed for nutritional quality para...
Kalim Ullah*, Zahid Usman*,Niamatullah Khan*, Rehmat Ullah**, Fazal Yazdan Saleem***, Shahid Iqbal Khattak**** and Muhammad Ali*****
GENETIC DIVERSITY FOR YIELD AND RELATED TRAITS IN UPLAND COTTON GENOTYPES
...0.75 kg ha , 42.3 bolls plant , 3.57 g boll weight and 144.5 cm height in comparison to other eight genotypes. The cultivar Gomal-93 and SLH-373 also showed comparable yield and contributing parameters. The genetic variances of the studied parameters were higher in comparison to variances of environment and highly heritable in broad sense. These instant results suggest that these breeding materials have the room for further improvement and can be successfully ...
Muhammad Arshad Ullah*, Nazir Hussain**, Helge Schmeisky*** and Muhammad Rasheed****
INOCULATION AND INTER-CROPPING OF LEGUMES IN ESTABLISHED GRASS FOR INCREASING BIOMASS OF FODDER
...wpeas) coupled with inoculation was studied under rainfed conditions at National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC) Islamabad, Pakistan. Intercropping significantly increased tillering of grass. Seed inoculation of legumes also gave maximum tillers. The grass and legumes biomass without any treatment were recorded as 7.09 and -1 8.17 t ha , respectively, during two years of study. Mixed f...
Anum Fatima*, Saleem Abid* and Sobia Naheed*
TRENDS IN WHOLESALE PRICES OF ONION AND POTATO IN MAJOR MARKETS OF PAKISTAN: A TIME SERIES ANALYSIS
...annum, respectively. Similarly, those of potato were increased @ 8.42%, in Lahore; 7.73%, Hyderabad; 8.21%, Peshawar and 7.58%, Quetta market. The increasing prices of these two essential household items will be difficult to manage by the consumers. Hence, the government has to make some measures, rules and regulations regarding control of prices. ...
Rashed Saeed*, Shoaib-ur-Rehman**, Muhammad Qasim*, Hafiz Zahid Mahmood*** and Irfan Mehmood*
ECONOMICS OF PERI-URBAN RADISH PRODUCTION AND MARKETING IN FAISALABAD
...an area of district Faisalabad, Pakistan. It was found that majority of farmers were not following recommendations of the agriculture department regarding seed rate, fertilizers, and irrigations. Majority of respondents (94.2%) reported the local Meno as the best yielding variety. Imported and 40 day varieties were not popular as only 5.8% farmers were cultivating these varieties in the study area. On the basis of survey dat...
Riaz Hussain*, Muhammad Riaz**, Mushtaq A. Saleem*** and Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi**
BIOCHEMICAL ABNORMALITIES INDUCED BY ABAMECTIN IN SIXTH INSTAR LARVAE OF THE RED FLOUR BEETLE, TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM (HERBST)
....8 EC) were studied on malathion-resistant (PAK) and organophosphate susceptible (FSS-II) strains of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae in the laboratory. The objective was to examine changes in production or activities of carboxylesterase (CE), total esterases (TE), alpha-amylase, glucoamyla
Riaz Hussain*, Muhammad Riaz** and Mushtaq A. Saleem***
TOXICITIES OF AZADIRACHTIN AND POLYCHLORINATED PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON AGAINST RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE STRAINS OF TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE) ADULTS
...nbsp;The LC values for malathion-resistant (PAK) and organo- 50 phosphate-susceptible (FSS-II) strains of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) adult beetles were determined through filter paper impregnated method against azadirachtin (Nimbokil 60 EC) and polychlorinated petroleum hydrocarbon (Tenekil 100 EC). The LC values of these insecticides were worked out as 12830 and 50 9331 ppm for azadirachtin and 5148 and 4047 ppm...
Muhammad Hidayat Rasool*, Abuzar Muhammad Afzal*, Abu Baker Siddique*, Waseem Akram**, Muhammad Saqalein*, Madiha Basit* and Muhammad Farooq Tahir***
ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF VIRO CARE GZ-08 AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS IN POULTRY AND ITS IN-VITRO CYTOTOXICITY ASSAY
...ral compounds in several latest studies. In this study, the antiviral activity of Viro Care GZ-08™ was checked up invitro, in-ovo and in-vivo. The cytotoxicity assay of the product was performed using Vero cell line. All the trials revealed that the stock solution and 1:2 dilution of GZ-08™ had some antiviral activity as well as were cytotoxic. As the concentration decreased, cytotoxicity as well as antiviral activities were lost. Based on these fi...
Muhammad Asif Jamil*, Nowshad Khan*, FarhatUllah Khan* and Muhammad Zakria*
EFFECTIVENESS OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION TO THE FARMING COMMUNITY OF DISTRICT BHIMBER, AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR
...xtension staff through relatives were only 16%. It was also found that demonstration, personal contact, group meetings and training were effective methods of communication. The study concluded that other sources of information i.e., relatives, friends were more influential in bringing changes in the behavior of the respondents and solving the problems of farm related issues. It was found t...
Syed Asif Imran Shah*, Shah Jehan Khan**, Abdul Aziz Baloch*** ,
Obaid Ullah Sayal**, Kalim Ullah* andShujaat Ali**
COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS IN VARIOUS INBRED LINES OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)
... maize inbred lines, was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications at Agricultural Research Institute, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan, during 2012. Variance analysis exhibited highly significant (P≤0.01) variation among genotypes for days -1 -1 -1 to 50% silking, ear length, kernel rows ear , kernels row , kernels ear and grain yield. Mean square values due to general combining ability were -1 highly significant (P≤0.01) for all st...
Muhammad Arshad Ullah*, Nazir Hussain**, Helge Schmeisky*** and Muhammad Rasheed****
IMPROVING FODDER QUALITY OF PANICUM GRASS THROUGH INTERCROPPING OF LEGUMES AND THEIR INOCULATION
...Research Centre (NARC) Islamabad, Pakistan. Treatments comprising intercropping of Panicum grass with legumes (33%, 50% and 67%) with or without inoculation to investigate its fodder quality. The study clearly indicated that quality of fodder increased significantly both with the legumes and inoculation. The intercropping of Panicum grass with 67% inocula
Israr Ali*, Naushad Ali*, Riffat Tahira**, Sardar Ali*, Izhar Hussain* and Sher Aslam Khan*
GENETIC DIVERSITY ASSESSMENT IN BRASSICA GERMPLASM BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES
...to maturity (DM), -1 -1 plant height (PH), primary branches plant (PBPP), pod length (PL), seed pod (SP), -1 1000-seed weight (1000-SW), yield plant (YPP) and oil (%). Three checks (Pakola, CM and TA), were used to check the performance of collected materials with already available brassica varieties. Significant stati...
Said Salman*, Shah Jehan Khan* and Javed Khan**
HETEROSIS AND HETROBELTIOSIS PERFORMANCE OF MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS IN BREAD WHEAT CROSSES UNDER DROUGHT STRESS CONDITIONS
...s were -1 evaluated for plant height, number of tillers plant , days to 50% heading, -1 -1 spike length, number of spikelets spike , number of grains spike and 1000-grain weight. Maximum heterosis and heterobeltiosis interactions were noted in Pari-73 x Hashim-08 for 1000-grain weight (29% and 22%), grains per spike (19% and 11%) and spike length (33% and 22%). Promising results were obtained with respect to shorter p
Ibrar Ali*, Abdul Mateen Khattak*, Muhammad Ali* and Kalim Ullah**
PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT TOMATO CULTIVARS UNDER ORGANIC AND INORGANIC REGIMES
...3-14. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with split plot arrangement having four replications. Organic regimes (FYM, poultry manure and mushroom compost) and inorganic (NPK) regimes were allotted to main plot, while cultivars (Roma VF, Roma, Super Classic, Bambino and Rio Grande) were subjected to sub plots. Organic and inorganic regimes significantly (P≤0.01) influenced all the studied attributes of tomato cultivars. Am...
Sameera Arshad*, Iftikhar Hussain*, Maqsood Anwar* and Sarwat Naz Mirza*
HABITAT SURVEY FOR RECOGNIZING BIRD ATTRACTANTS AROUND BENAZIR BHUTTO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN
...tional Airport (BBIA), Islamabad. Each site represented a different habitat and was ranked for the presence of bird attracting sites using Habitat Composite Index (HCI). Habitat representing naturally preserved recreational area (Ayub Park) showed highest rank (9.7) for the presence of bird attracting sites followed by commercial habitat ranking (6), habitat near water bodies and landfill sites (5.6), followed by habitat wit...
Amjad Pervez*, Syed Muzaffar Ahmed*, Akhlaq Ahmad** and Qazi Mehmood Ali**
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT FOOD GRAINS AS BAITS FOR MANAGEMENT OF HYSTRIX INDICA
...agement. Six locally available food grains viz., wheat, rice, maize, black gram, sorghum and millet were offered in whole/crack form. Under no choice and choice tests, rice was the most preferred food, followed by wheat, maize and others. The present study suggested that rice in whole or cracked form alone or in combination with wheat can be applied as very palatable (32% and 27%, respecti...
Quratulain*, Muhammad Aslam**, Muhammad Khalid Rafique*, Mian Atiq Ahmad* and Rashid Mahmood***
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF ROSE APHID MACROSIPHUM ROSAE L. ON DIFFERENT CULTIVARS OF ROSA INDICA L. IN PAKISTAN
...arch field area on rose plants for rose aphid populations during 2008-09. Data were recorded on weekly basis. Nymphs, winged and wingless adults were counted from leaves (upper, middle and lower leaves), buds and flowers by visual observation from tagged plants. Aphid populations start to develop in November and its popula...
Nouman Badar*, Hina Fatima**, Abdul Jabbar*** and Muhammad Asif*
MAJOR FOOD CROPS PRODUCTION AND YIELD FORECAST IN PAKISTAN
... Food and Agriculture, Islamabad and various Economic Surveys of Pakistan. The result predicts that wheat (production and yield) forecast for 2029-30 to be -1 about 37188 thousand tons and 3454 kg ha , respectively. The rice (production -1 and yield) forecast for 2029-30 will be about 7176 thousand tons and 2630 kg ha , respectively. The maize (production and yield) forecast for 2029-30 will be about -1 5784 thousand tons and 6088 kg ha , respectively. In shor...
Saqib Shakeel Abbasi*, Ayesha Tahir**, Irum Raza* Saleem Abid* and Muhammad Nisar Khan*
TREND ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING OF WHEAT AND RICE IN PAKISTAN
...for these crops over the last 30 years and based on statistical models, forecast their prices from 2013 to 2017. Different models have been applied to get the best fit model. These were linear trend model, quadratic trend model, exponential growth model and S-curve model. The minimum values of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) and Mean Squared Deviation (MSD) have been acquired and then the forecasting was made for the best f...
Muhammad Mohsin Raza*, Muhammad Aslam Khan*, Irfan Ahmad**, Ali Ahsan Bajwa***, Hafiz Muhammad Usman Aslam*, Badar Ahsan Ullah****, and Kashif Riaz*
FOREST PATHOGENS AND DISEASES UNDER CHANGING CLIMATE -A REVIEW
...sent review covers the relationship between climate and diverse cases of forest diseases and potential shocks of climate change on pathogens and diseases. Biotic diseases, cankers, decays, declines, foliar diseases, root diseases and stem rust of pine have been reviewed with some illustrations of potential disease effects with predicted changing climate. The impact of changing climate on host, pathogen, and their interaction will have frequent and mostly unsym...
Khurram Nawaz Saddozai*, Umme Rubab* and Abass Ullah Jan*
STOCHASTIC FRONTIER ANALYSIS OF MAIZE FARMERS IN AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR, PAKISTAN
...growers through Cobb-Douglas type Stochastic Frontier Analysis in four villages of Muzaffarabad district, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), Pakistan. The proportional sampling allocation sampling technique was adopted to collect primary data from 80 sampled respondents in 2013-14. The maximum likelihood estimates of major inputs showed that seed, tractor hours, FYM and labor days have contribu...
Khurram Nawaz Saddozai*, Muhammad Nasrullah* and Noor P. Khan**
STOCHASTIC FRONTIER PRODUCTION ANALYSIS OF TOBACCO GROWERS IN DISTRICT MARDAN, PAKISTAN
...2014-15 from sampled population of three villages namely Takkar Kali, Garo Shah and Passand Kali of Takhtbhai Tehsil, Mardan district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The multi-stage sampling technique was utilized to obtain the desired sample size of 120 tobacco growers. The major findings of stochastic production frontier analysis indicate that all variables were statistically significant and have portrayed positive contrib...
Umar Ijaz Ahmed*, Liu Ying**, Muhammad Khalid Bashir***,
Muhammad Amjed Iqbal*, Muhammad Rizwan*, Muhammad Mazhar
Iqbal****, Muhammad Rafi Qamar***** and Aftab Nazeer******
SPATIAL PRICE TRANSMISSION IN PAKISTAN: THE CASE OF WHEAT AND RICE MARKETS
.... Government should formulate better policies and develop infrastructure towards better and efficient market function. The results of this study will help the policy makers to formulate a better policy to enhance marketing function to overcome food insecurity situation....
Zafar Abbas*, Ijaz Ahmad**, Adnan Shakeel**, Muhammad Abdullah***, Muhammad Islam**, Sadiq Muhammad*, Ghulam Murtaza* and Mushtaq Ahmad**
EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER AND WATER STRESS ON PROTEIN AND PHENOLIC CONTENTS IN COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.)
...lected after 90 days of planting. Kjeldahl method and thin layer chromatography (TLC) were used for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of total protein and phenolic compounds, respectively. Proteins were greatly affected by fertilizer treatment and water stress, but phenolic compounds remained unchanged upon fertilizer treatment. However, they were greatly affected by irrigation and water -1 stress. Crop treated with ...
Ali Raza Shah**, Muhammad Saffar Mirjat**, Abdul Quadir Mughal***, Inayatullah Rajper** and Asif Ali Mirani****
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT TILLAGE SYSTEMS IN A CLAY LOAM SOIL*
...formance of different tillage systems in a clay loam soil. A completely randomized block design with four treatments i.e., conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), zero tillage (ZT) and controlled traffic farming (CTF) was carried out to evaluate the performance of tillage sy...
Raja Zoq-ul-Arfeen*, Aamir Saleem*, Sarwat Naz Mirza*, Muhammad Akmal**, Hafiz Muhammad Tayyab* and Obaid Afzal***
BIODIVERSITY AND PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM RIPARIAN AREAS OF PAKISTAN: SPECIAL REFERENCE TO TAUNSA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY AND KETI SHAH FORESTS
... sanctuary. Total 14259 plants/individuals were recorded, which belong to 54 plant species with 18 different families. In Taunsa pre-monsoon survey, total 30 plant species were found with 4476 plants from 16 different families. In Taunsa post-monsoon survey total 3348 individuals were recorded from 20 plant species and...
Ambreen Akhtar Saddozai*, Amer Mumtaz*, Saeeda Raza* and Shahzada Arshad Saleem**
MICROBIAL COUNT AND SHELF LIFE OF PHALSA (GREWIA ASIATICA) JUICE
...igated the shelf life of laboratory developed phalsa juice at room temperature. Phalsa was purchased from local market, juice was prepared and kept in sterilized bottles at room temperature. Physicochemical and microbial and oragnoleptic quality of the juice was examined till two weeks. Microbial activity in phalsa juice increased while organoleptic attributes such as texture (mouth feel), flavour, taste, colour and overall ...
Saima Kanwal*, Saeeda Raza*, Khalid Naseem*, Muhammad Amjad*, Naseem Bibi* and Musarrat Gillani*
DEVELOPMENT, PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF BISCUITS SUPPLEMENTED WITH PUMPKIN SEEDS TO COMBAT CHILDHOOD MALNUTRITION IN PAKISTAN
...tural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan in 2014. Nutritive pumpkin seed flour fortified biscuits were prepared with four different substituted levels of pumpkin seed flour in wheat flour (T =5%, 2 T =10%, T =15% and T =20%), were compared with control (T ). Chemical 3 4 5 1 attributes of biscuits showed that T has maximum level of pumpkin flour (20%) 5 with maximum protein (12.30%), fat (28.29%), ash (4.13%), iron (2.28%) and zinc (3.11%). Sensory results a...
Imran*, Shaheeda Naveed**, Asad Ali Khan* and Inayat Khattak*
IMPACT OF PHOSPHORUS LEVELS AND SEED RATES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF LATE SOWN MAIZE ON HIGH ELEVATION IN SWAT, PAKISTAN
... (P) is required by the plants relatively in large quantity and is the second most important crop nutrient that increases productivity of maize (Zea mays L.). An experiment on effect of different P O levels and seed rates on growth and yield of late sown maize cv. 2 5 Baber on high elevation during kharif season, was conducted at Farmer Field School, Swa...
Anwar Hussain* and Muhammad Rahman**
ROLE OF TRAININGS ON FARMERS' PROFITABILITY OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS OF DISTRICT SWAT, KHYBER PUKHTUNKHWA
... medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) in mountainous areas of district Swat. A convenient sample of 100 respondents, engaged in MAPs in Chail Valley Madyan was taken. Information about revenue from MAPs, marketing, prices and quantities was collected through a structured questionnaire. The respondents were given training under Swiss Development Cooperation Project at the time of collection, harvesting, cleaning, drying, packing and marketing of MAPs. The overa...
Ahmed Fatima*
INCIDENCE OF POVERTY AND THE ROLE OF NON-FARM ACTIVITIES
...d Balochistan) were calculated for farming and non-farming households. The indices of poverty were also measured for households that only did farming, undertook farming and non-farm activities and those that did no farming in the various agro-climatic zones. Finally, incidence and severity of poverty as well as the spread of income among the poor for non-farm wage earners, farm wage earners, non-farm self-employed and the crop cultivators in the nine agro-clim...
Muhammad Nisar Khan*, Tariq Hassan*, Hassnain Shah*, Saleem Abid*, Irum Raza* and Saqib Shakeel Abbasi*
ASSESSMENT OF THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING COURSE UNDER WATERSHED PROJECT AT FATEHJANG FIELD STATION, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...saving technologies as solar powered irrigation system, drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, micro catchment, rooftop rainwater harvesting and irrigation scheduling. Therefore, the project activities also include the training of the professionals from the line departments for the demonstrated technologies to foster the process of adoption. For this purpose Climate and Alternate Energy Water Resources Institute, NARC, organized a professional training on &ldq...
Syeda Nasreen*, Muhammad Ayub Khan*, Muhammad Arshad*, Maryam Kamal**, Doulat Baig *, M. Tariq*, Talat Gilani* and Musarrat Gilani*
COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES FOR SEED YIELD TRAITS IN SUNFLOWER
...nt-size: 12px;">Six cytoplasmic male sterile inbred lines and six restorers/testers were selected on the basis of variability for yield related characters. The lines and tester restorers were crossed in a line x tester mating design resulting in 36 F hybrids. The potential parents with high general 1 combining ability (GCA) effects were identified for yield related traits. Among...
Doulat Baig*, Fida Mohammad Abbasi*, Habib Ahmed*, Maqsood Qamar** and Muhammad Ayub Khan**
RESPONSE OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS TO DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL AND AGRONOMICAL TRAITS UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS
...dder yields. The issue related with these hybrids ascribed to lack of information about use of inputs and cultural practices. Judicious nitrogen use and suitable high yielding hybrid play key role in increasing sunflower productivity. Protein is the basic requirement of the metabolic processes for the vegetative, reproductive growth and yield of the crop. The protein is wholly dependent up...
Imdad Ali Mahmood*, Arshad Ali**, Armghan Shahzad**, Muhammad Asif Masud Ghumman***, Muhammad Arshad Ullah**, Tariq Sultan** and Badar-u-Zaman**
CROP RESIDUES AND PHOSPHORUS EFFECT ON YIELD AND ECONOMICS OF DIRECT SEEDED RICE AND WHEAT GROWN UNDER SALINE-SODIC SOIL
...L ) ; CaCO =3.5% and available P=3.9 mg kg ) was c 3 conducted on direct seeded rice and wheat for two consecutive years at Soil Salinity Research Institute (SSRI) Farm, Pindi Bhattian, Pakistan to investigate the yield and economics of direct seeded rice and wheat under crop residue incorporation and phosphorus applications. Split plot design (crop residue in main plots and P application in sub plots) was followed with three replications. Biomass yields were ...
Azhar Usman Ali*, Ghulam Sarwar*, Muhammad Aftab* and Sher Muhammad**
EFFECT OF SOIL AND FOLIAR APPLIED COPPER ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)
...entage = 29 % and sandy clay loam) was collected, brought to -1 green house and filled in the pots @ 6.5 kg pot . All these pots were irrigated to achieve uniform soil column. This experiment comprised 5 treatments viz., -1 -1 control, soil application of copper @ 2 mg kg (level 1), @ 4 mg kg (level 2), foliar application of copper @ 1% solution (level 1) and @ 2% solution (level 2). These treatments were replicated thrice. All the pots were arranged using com...
Muhammad Mudasar Aslam ⃰, Muhammad Jamil**, Ijaz Malook**, Amana Khatoon*, Ali Rehman*, Abdur Rahim***, Pirzada Khan*, Shakir Ullah Khan Shakir*, Shahid Irfan*, Faizan Ullah****, Khair Ul Bashar**, Mahideen Afridi** and Shafiq Ur Rehman*
PHYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF CALOTROPIS PROCERA, TAMARIX APHYLLA AND PEGANUM HARMALA ON PLANT GROWTH OF WHEAT AND MUSTARD
...totoxic effects of many plants are known on growth of different useful crops. This research study was designed to find out phytotoxic effects of Calotropis procera, Tamarix aphylla and Peganum harmala on seed germination and seedling length of wheat and mustard. Results showed that seed germination of wheat was significantly decreased by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% while mustard seeds were r...
Salar Khan Yousafzai*, Shah Masaud Khan*, Khalil ur Rehman**, Junaid Khan*, Sher Aslam Khan*, Ijaz Hussain* and Ishrat Naz***
RESPONSE OF TOMATO CULTIVARS TO DIFFERENT ORGANIC FERTILIZERS UNDER AGRO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF MINGORA, SWAT
...howed maximum number of plant survival percentage (98.33%), days to flowering -1 -1 (40.73), number of flowers plant (6.23), number of fruit plant (25.67), fruit -1 3 weight (8.84 kg), number of leaves plant (83.66), fruit size (64.70 cm ) and total -1 yield (25.67 t ha ) in Farm Yard Manure (FYM). Considering the overall performance, it was found that t...
Hafiz Saqib Habib*, Arshad Mahmood Malik*, Abid Ali** and Muhammad Aamir Khan***
SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF RURAL HOUSEHOLD FOOD EXPENDITURES IN RAWALPINDI
...s disturb the delicate balance of allocated decisions of household monthly expenditures. Several past studies in Pakistan have been committed on determining household consumer's characteristics on requirement for specific kinds of food; however less consideration has been devoted to the parameters of household food expenditures. Present study aimed to analyze the socioeconomic factors effecting total food expenditures of households in rural area of Rawalpindi ...
Muhammad Qasim*, Khuda Bakhsh**, Sultan Ali Tariq*, Mahmood Nasir***, Rashed Saeed**** and Muhammad Ather Mahmood****
FACTORS AFFECTING GROUNDNUT YIELD IN POTHWAR REGION OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
.... The sample farms were classified into small, medium and large farms. Farm-level crop data were gathered during two cropping seasons i.e., rabi 2008-09 and kharif 2009. One hundred and forty groundnut producers were selected for collecting data using the well-structured questionnaire from two important districts recognised for area and production of groundnut. Results showed that large fa...
Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Abid Hussain*
MARKETING SYSTEM OF LIVE CAMELS IN THE DESERT ECOLOGIES OF PAKISTAN
...ock markets are trading places for live animals where suppliers and buyers can make transactions. This study was designed to investigate the existing marketing system of live camels in the desert ecologies of Pakistan. Out of 220 camel farmers that were randomly interviewed for the study, during past one year sale of live camels was reported by more than half of the camel farmers. On an average two camels per farm mainly to meet urgent family cash needs. Mean ...
Sumia Bint Zaman*, Waqas Farooq*, Sidra Majeed*, Hasnain Shah*, and Abdul Majid**
ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURE SERVICE PROVIDERS' TRAINING ON WATER CONSERVATION TECHNOLOGIES IN POTHWAR REGION
...ms (HEIS) remained unpopular due to absence of service sector for these technologies despite of the efforts being carried out since long. Therefore, a training component to prepare a cadre was included in the USDA funded 'Watershed Rehabilitation' project being implemented in collaboration with ICARDA and other NARS partners. The prime objective of these training programmes was to impart training based skills on water conser...
Muhammad Farrukh Saleem*, Munir Ahmad*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum*, Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza** and Abdul Shakoor*
EFFECT OF TOPPING UNDER DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS ON EARLINESS AND YIELD OF COTTON
...bsp;Cotton is perennial plant with indeterminate growth habit. However it has been adopted as annual, so efforts like topping and optimum nitrogen levels to modify its architecture can play a role in improving its success as annual. A field experiment to study the effect of topping under different nitrogen levels on earliness and yield of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) was conducted at Agronomic Research Area, University of ...
Tasawar Sultana*, Farah Deeba* and S.M. Saqlan Naqvi*
HIGH-THROUGHPUT AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION OF MEDICAGO TRUNCATULA IN COMPARISON TO TWO EXPRESSION VECTORS
...tion of Medicago truncatula as a model legume plant for molecular analysis resulted in the development of efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols. In current study, M. truncatula transformed plants expressing OsRGLP1 were obtained through GATEWAY technology using pGOsRGLP1 (pH7WG2.0::OsRGLP1). The tra...
Muhammad Tahir* and Nawal Zafar*
FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY PERFORMANCE OF RABI CEREALS SOWN ALONE AND IN BLENDED POPULATION AT VARIABLE SEED RATIOS
...ity of Agriculture, Faisalabad, during 2013-14. The results showed that the crop mixtures and their variable seed ratios showed significant effects on fodder yield and quality traits. -1 The maximum number of tillers, number of leaves plant , leaf area, crop growth -1 -1 rate, fresh weight plant , dry weight plant , green forage yield and dry matter yiel...
Muhammad Mansoor*, Noman Latif*, Zafar Islam**, Sher Muhammad**, Amanullah* and Muhammad Umair***
IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF SOIL AMENDMENTS ON SOIL CAPPING IN MUNGBEAN PRODUCTION USING CENTRAL PIVOT IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN CLAYEY SOILS
...ents. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design, replicated thrice. Mungbean (Vigna radiata L ) variety “Dera Mung” was used as test crop. Soil amendments were carried out through pure sand and farm yard manure (FYM) in equal proportions and in three different application rates viz., 60:60, -1 45:45 and 30:30 kg plot and an un-amended soil plot was kept as control. The size of each plot was 4m x 3m. The results depicted that p...
Muhammad Zahid Kiani*, Tariq Sultan**, Arshad Ali**, Ghulam Qadir*** Imdad Ali Mahmood**, Tauseef Tabassam**, Muhammad Arshad Ullah** and Nasir Abbas*
EFFECT OF PGPR STRAINS ON SUNFLOWER GROWTH AND NUTRIENT CONTENTS UNDER SALINITY STRESS
...-align: justify;"> Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are potentially useful for stimulating plant growth under harsh environment. A pot trial was conducted to examine the performance of four isolated strains in five treatments viz., KS 44, KS 7, KS 41, KS 42 and KS mix under four different artificially developed -1 salinity levels (5, 8, 1...
Muneeb Zafar*, Tahir Mehmood**, Irfan Ahmad Baig**, Abdul Saboor** Mazher Abbas***, Shumaila Sadiq** and Khalid Mahmood****
ANALYTICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF NON-OPTIMAL USE OF PESTICIDES AND HEALTH HAZARDS FOR VEGETABLE PICKERS
...cost consists of costs related to precautionary measure, medication, traveling, the opportunity cost of attended persons and productivity loss. The mean health cost of vegetable pickers in the study area was about Rs. 385 per picker per year. Health cost model was used to measure the health cost of vegetable pickers. The regression results showed that pesticides were being applied non-optimally in the study area i.e., number of pesticide applications for veget...
Abdul Hameed Solangi*, Fateh Khan Nizamani*, Aqeel Ahmed Siddiqui*, Muzaffar Ali Khan**, Parwaiz Ahmed Baloch*, Riazuddin* and Khalil Ahmed Solangi***
FIELD COMPARISON AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF GUAR (CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA L. TAUB.) GENOTYPES UNDER AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF KARACHI, PAKISTAN
...aluated at Institute of Plant Introduction, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Karachi, Pakistan. Results revealed that the plant length was high in Acc. No.3 as compared to the other genotypes. Branches per plant were high in Acc. No. 8 as compared to Acc. Nos. 1-7 while, non-significant differences among Acc. Nos. 1, 3, 6 and 9. Moreover, results showed that high number of branches ...
Samina Qamer*, Iram Nasir**, Um-Habiba Zafar**, Salma Sultana** and Tayyaba Sultana**
BIO-CHEMICAL EVALUATION OF HONEY PRODUCED BY APIS MELLIFERA HONEYBEE COLLECTED FROM JHANG, BAHAWALPUR, MULTAN, JHELUM AND KALAR KAHAR AREAS
...rom Jhang, Bahawalpur, KalarKahar, Multanand, and Jhelum, respectively. Similarly, the pH 4.26, 4.50, 3.91, 3.72 and 3.33; electrical conductivity, 204.67mScm-1 ,137.8 mScm-1 , 202.62mScm-1 ,277.33mScm-1 and 196.96mScm -1;free acidity 25.80 meqkg -1, 26.16 meqkg-1 , 24.97 meqkg -1, 30.25 meqkg , 25.4 meqkg -1; lactone 8.17 meqkg -1, 6.52 meqkg-1 , 6.68 meqkg -1, 5 meqkg -1and 4.08 meqkg-1 ...
Farid Asif Shaheen*, Sadia Parveen*, Ahmed Zia**, Ghulam Qadir*,
Mureed Husain*** and Rifat Ullah Khan****
PREDATORY APTNESS OF ANTS AGAINST RED FLOUR BEETLE, TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM HERBST (TENEBRIONIDAE: COLEOPTERA) IN WHEAT FLOUR
...ulture was maintained in laboratory. Three ant species namely, Dorylus labiatus, Camponotus rufipes and Monomorium minimum were collected from forest and non-forest habitats and compared for their predation against different life stages of RFB. Results showed D. labiatus of forest habitat as an efficient pupal predator that consumed 91.66% pupae of RFB. It was significantly different from ...
Waqar Akhtar*, Muhammad Sharif**, Abdul Hayee Qureshi*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla*** and Muhammad Azeem Khan*
COMPETITIVENESS OF TOMATO PRODUCTION IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...f tomato production in relation to tomato trade by using Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) framework in Punjab, Pakistan. The province was divided into two tomato production regions i.e., Central and Southern Punjab for analysis purpose under importable scenario by using import parity price. Results of PAM model revealed that tomato production in both regions of Punjab has competitiveness under prevailing market situation as indicated by positive private profitabil...
Ghulam Sadiq Afridi*, Abdul Saboor**, Zahoor-ul-Haq***, Sultan Ali
Tariq**** and Muhammad Ishaq*****
EXPLORING POTENTIAL AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR PAKISTAN'S COTTON EXPORT
...griculture is the single largest shareholder to GDP and employment to labour force. It has major share in export but unfortunately unable to meet international standards. This study aims to analyze the pattern of Pakistan cotton export, and to explore sector's export potential and opportunities. This new research endeavor with well-tested analytical tools enabled the trade experts and policy makers to explore the answer of <...
Nisar Ahmed Soomro*, Abdul Fatah Soomro**, Hamz Ali Samo* and
Muhammad Siddique Depar***
GROWTH AND YIELD COMPARISONS OF FOUR COMMERCIAL WHEAT VARIETIES TO IRRIGATION FREQUENCIES
...% germination, 82.77 cm plant height, 10.88 tillers plant , 266.74 tillers m , 59.41 grains spike , 60.50 g 1000-seed weight and 5862.25 kg grain yield ha . The crop irrigated four times, showed bit adverse effects on growth and yield traits over 5 irrigations with 84.77% germination, 79.16 cm plant height, 10.07 tillers plant , 254.91 tillers m , 51.91 ...
Abdul Razaq*, Muhammad Jamal Khan*, Tahir Sarwar* and Mohammad Jamal Khan**
EFFECT OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION, SOWING METHODS AND MULCHING ON WHEAT YIELD AND NITROGEN UPTAKE
...igation supplies to farm lands, increasing temperature with high evaporation rate and poor sowing, an experiment was conducted at the research farm of the University of Agriculture, Peshawar during 2011-12. In the study three factors were studied i.e., sowing methods, mulching and deficit irrigation with four levels viz: full irrigation (DI ), 20% deficit irrigation (DI ), 40% deficit irrigation (DI ) and 60% deficit irrigation (DI ). Soil moisture was continu...
Muhammad Nisar Khan*, Hassnain Shah*, Saqib Shakeel Abbasi and Abid Hussain*
FARMERS PERCEPTION TOWARDS THE APPLICATION OF BIOZOTE IN SELECTED DEMONSTRATED RICE FIELDS AT HAFIZABAD AND SHEIKHUPURA DISTRICTS
...ving rice yield. Non-availability of biozote at local level, less farmers' awareness and low education level of farmers were identified as major issues in adoption of this technology in the study areas....
Abdul Haq*, Anjum Shehzad**, Muhammad Ilyas**, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi**, Abdul Rauf Bhatti** and Mian Inayatullah*
DIVERSITY AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF CITRUS POLLINATORS IN DISTRICT HARIPUR, PAKISTAN
...with 2 species. The calculated values of relative abundance showed that is most abundant species in ecosystem followed by sp. and . All calculated values of diversity indices except Shannon-H does not show significant difference. Shannon's diversity shows that Naseem Town is most diverse locality then Nikrian B with relative values of 2.213 and 1.136.
Inayat-Ur-Rahman*, Shamsher Ali**, Mukhtar Alam*, Mohammad Adnan*, Hidayat ullah*, Muhammad Faisal Anwar Malik*, Abdul Sattar Shah* Mohammad Ibrahim*
EFFECT OF SEED PRIMING ON GERMINATION PERFORMANCE AND YIELD OF OKRA ( L.)
..., two experiments, i.e., laboratory and field were carried out during 2013. In the laboratory experiment, okra seeds were primed in PEG-8000 (polyethylene glycol) and Mannitol solutions (0, -0.4, -0.8, -1.2, -1.6, -2 and -2.4 Mpa osmotic potential) for 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours while dry seeds were used as control. Same primed seeds were used in the field experiment. Priming proved effective in improving percent germination and...
Dilawar Khan*, Abid Saeed*, Junaid Ahmad*, Imtiaz Qamar**, Fazal Yazdan**, Saleem ud Din** and Muhammad Tariq**
ASSESSMENT OF RIPARIAN VEGETATION IN DHRABI WATERSHED AND CHAKWAL REGION IN PAKISTAN
...e better option for that land use systems. Dhrabi watershed is one of the areas where, there is a high potential for forage and livestock production. The analysis includes assessment and role of this riparian vegetation which is very helpful for integrated watershed management in different watershed areas. Dhrabi watershed is a catchments area of Dhrabi reservoir and lies in district Chakwal. There were 88 species reported in the study area. The five p
Ishaq Ahmad*, Abdul Rehman**, Ehsan –Ul- Haq*** and Arif Mahmood****
RESISTANCE RESPONSE OF RICE ( L.) GERMPLASM AGAINST RICE LEAF FOLDER ( G.) UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITION IN PAKISTAN
...huge yield losses. Host plant resistance is an important component of IPM. It is easy to use, viable, durable, effective and long term method as compared to any other control measure. It was imperative to exploit the sources of resistance to cope with threat the pest and its environmental friendly control. Present study was carried out in greenhouse of Plant Genetic Resources Institute (PGRI), NARC. Twenty six Pakistani geno...
Syed Waqar Shah* and Muhammad Ather Rafi*
PIERID (LEPIDOPTERA: PIERIDAE) PESTS AND THEIR NEW CRUCIFERS HOSTS IN POTHWAR REGION OF PAKISTAN
...-cultivated cruciferous plants, the known cultivated hosts such as , , ,, var. and were attacked by , and . Among above reported Pieridae species is reported for the first time however, is also a new record from districts Rawalpindi and Chakwal and from Jhelum, Rawalpindi and Chakwal. However, the non-cultivated host plants in the region were , , and . Among noncultivated hosts was the new host for . C. was found common host...
Mubbashira Nazir*, Saira Batool*, Sultan Ali Tariq**, Abid Hussain** and Ya Sakina**
INTERDECADAL GROWTH VARIABILITY AND DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF FRUIT CROPS IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...des. Results of Cuddy-Della Valle Index showed that variations in production of major fruits decreased over time (from 1970s to 1990s); however, variability in their production escalated and reached to the highest levels for citrus and mango again in 2000s. While, variations in guava production were the highest in 1970s followed by 1980s. On the basis of growth rate data these can be attributed to expansion in area to a grea...
Basharat Hussain Shah*, F. S. Hamid*, Shams ul Islam*, Fayaz Ahmad*, Sohail Aslam*, and Noorullah Khan*
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.) GENOTYPES FOR YIELD AND OTHER ATTRIBUTES AT SHINKIARI, MANSEHRA
...ch Institute (AARI) Faisalabad and one local variety was included in the experiment as a control. The experiment was conducted during 2014-15 at National Tea & High Value Crops Research Institute (NTHRI) Shinkiari, Mansehra. Altogether seven pea genotypes were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Normal agronomic practices were carried out during the growth period and data was reco...
Ummad-ud-Din Umar*, Muhammad Aslam Khan**, *Ateeq-urRehman*, Abdul Hannan***, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi*, Azhar Ali Khan****, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar****
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF POTATO LEAF ROLL VIRUS DISEASE PREDICTION MODEL BASED ON ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS FOR FAISALABAD, PAKISTAN
...s data collected in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Maximum and minimum air temperatures, relative humidity and rainfall were employed as independent variables while PLRV disease incidence served as the response variable. Stepwise regression analysis was performed to select potentially useful predictor variables for model development. In stepwise regression analysis minimum temperature, relative hum...
Mohammad Umar Farooq* , Sarfraz Ahmad ** , Mohammad Islam and Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar ***
ASSESSING THE STATUS OF CARBON POOL IN TWO RANGELAND GRASSES ( ) IN POTHWAR, REGION, PAKISTAN
...as conducted in two rangeland grasses and in field area of Rangeland Research Institute (RRI), National Agricultural Research Centre, (NARC), Islamabad. Carbon is considered as the most important component of green house gases. Carbon sequestration during the photosynthesis process via plant biomass is the extent of this atmospheric gas. Data for above a...
Muhammad Bilal*, Zafar Abbas*, Ijaz Ahmad**, Muhammad Aslam*, Muhammad Ijaz****, Adnan Shakeel***, Mushtaq Ahmad*** and Kashif Bashir*****
RESPONSE OF DIFFERENT COTTON ( L.) GENOTYPES AT VARIOUS SALINITY LEVELS
...in soil at water testing laboratory, D.G. Khan during 2012-13. Six cotton genotypes (FH – 945, FH – 901, NIAB – 111, NIAB – 999, B – 630 and B – 622) were collected from Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB) and Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad. The plant height of NIAB-111 was more affected by soil salinity than tha...
Muhammad Tahir* and Neelam Yasin*
EFFECT OF MICRONUTRIENTS FOLIAR APPLICATION ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF MAIZE
...rains. A field trial was laid out to evaluate the effect of micronutrients on yield and quality of maize in randomized complete block design (RCBD) at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad . The treatments comprised of no micronutrient application (control), water spray and foliar application of micronutrients mixture @ 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250 and 1500 ml ha at stem elongation stage of maize. All m...
Mehwish Kiran*, Muhammad Saleem Jilani*, Kashif Waseem*
and Muhammad Sohail**
EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURES AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF RADISH ( L)
...Khan. The experiment was laid out in RCD with seven treatments replicated thrice. The treatments included control, farm yard manure (FYM) @ 25 t ha , poultry manure (PM) @ 10 t ha , goat manure (GM) @ 15 t ha , press mud (PrM) @ 20 t ha , sewage sludge (SS) @ 20 t ha and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK) @ 120-65-100 kg ha . Data on leaf plant , leaf length (cm), fresh leaf weight plan...
Arshia Naeem*, Maria Anjum*, Mariam Rehman*, Zahid Mahmood** and Muhammad Asif Kamran**
AN INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEM TO FACILITATE FARMERS IN WHEAT, SUGARCANE AND OTHER CROP DISEASES IDENTIFICATION
...uch as Pakistan, economy largely depends on agriculture. Therefore, the need to move from conventional ways of farming to easy, effective and efficient smart solutions are required to minimize yield losses in crop plants. An integrated application to facilitate farmers to communicate their crop related issues directly to agriculture scientists is proposed. This 'AXPERT P
Raza Ullah*, Mariam Rehman*, Maria Anjum*, Muhammad Asif
Kamran**, Khuda Bakhsh***, Abdul Saboor****
NAVIGATING FARMING RISKS BY SIMULTANEOUS DIVERSIFICATION AND CREDIT THROUGH FORMAL AND INFORMAL COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
... view the potential correlation between these risk management adoption decisions. Bivariate and multinomial probit models are used to assess the impact of access to information on farmers' risk management adoption decisions using data collected from 330 randomly selected respondents from four districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. Bivariate and multinomial probit models take into account the possibility of simultaneous adoption of the two risk m...
Ghazala Nawaz*, Muhammad Nawaz Malik**, Muhammad Hassan
Mushtaq***, Fraz Munir Ahmad****, Ali Abdullah Shah*****, Farooq
Iqbal******, Shinawar Waseem Ali*******, Zahida Fatima******** and
Amjad Khan*********
SURVEILLANCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN LIVESTOCK IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...h issue in Pakistan. Population based estimation of true prevalence is time occurring in different livestock species and requires to develop prevention and control strategy, that hasn't been done in Pakistan. Active disease surveillance at door steps was conducted to collect blood samples from small and large ruminants of subtropical rural communities in the province of Punjab during Janua...
Sadaf Javaria*, Muhammad Qasim Khan*, Kashif Waseem*, Muhammad Saleem Jilani*, Habib ur Rahman*, Muhammad Sohail Khan* and Muhammad Sohail**
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON IMPACT OF BIO AND ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZES ON COMPOSITION AND SHELF LIFE OF TOMATO ( ) FRUIT.
...ory (fruit color, fruit flavor and fruit firmness) and shelf life. It was concluded that bio-fertilizer integrated with Farmyard Manure emerged as better nutrient source over other treatments. Benefits of bio fertilizer application were more in the presence of Farmyard Manure on quality of tomato in comparison with NPK. No work has been previously published to study the effect of effective microorganisms on taste active components of vegetable or fruit crops, ...
Shafique Qadir Memon* , Nadeem Amjad** and Riaz Ahmed Dayo***
INVESTIGATION ENERGY AND ECONOMICS ANALYSIS OF MAIZE PRODUCATION
...e experimental site in Islamabad, Pakistan, in spring season 2013 (March – July). A randomized complete block design with three treatments and replicated thrice were used in this study, fertilizers were evaluated on the basis of yield, input/output energy of maize crop. NPK had the maximum output energy gain as compared to cow manure and control treatment gave the lowest output energy. Cow manure used high energy as compared to NPK and control. The resul...
Nusrat Habib*
RELATIVE PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF SUNFLOWER IN DISTRICT SWABI AND MARDAN
...ommercially adopted by a large number of farmers only by 1990's. Sunflower cultivation trend kept on increasing from the year 1990 to 1999. Since then a continuous decreasing trend in adoption of sunflower has been observed. The present research work was planned to estimate the relative cost effectiveness of sunflower with competing crops like sugarcane and tobacco to find out the major fa...
Shakir Ullah*, Aish Muhammad*, Iqbal Hussian*, Hafeez-Ur-Rahman**, Muhammad Zeeshan Hyder***, Muhammad Din**** and Nizamud Din
MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATIONS IN APRICOT CULTIVARS GROWN IN GILGIT BALTISTAN PAKISTAN
...apricot cultivars (Marghulam, Shakarfo, Shakanda, Charmagzi, Shai
Pawand, Nili Pawand, Halman, Habi, Ali Shah Kakas, Astore 1, Narie and
Skardu Local) were evaluated for morphological UPOV (International Union
for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants) and the International Board for
Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR) characteristics. Three ...
Abdul Rehman Khan*, Muhammad Mahmood–Ul-Hassan**, Rizwan Ahmad** and Anjum Munir ***
ARSENIC III TOLERANCE POTENTIAL OF FUNGI ISOLATED FROM POLLUTED AND NON-POLLUTED SOILS OF PAKISTAN
...align: justify;"> Filamentous fungi can play significant role in bioremediation due to their large surface area and metal sorption capacity. In present study, arsenic (As) tolerance of indigenous filamentous fungi was explored. Fungal strains were isolated from peri-urban soils of Multan and Gujranwa
ROLE OF HONEY BEES FORAGING ACTIVITIES IN INCREASED FRUIT SETTING AND PRODUCTION OF APPLES APIS MELLIFERA MALUS DOMESTICA
...ight gain in pollinated plants compared to non-pollinated plants. Maximum number of fruits per panicle were 5.33±0.51(Mean±SE) whereas the highest fruit weight 170±2.65g (Mean±SE) was recorded in plants provided with augmentation of honey bees along with natural pollination. The lowest fruit weight of 80±3.05g (Mean±SE) and the minimum 0.33±...
Zafar Islam*, Abdul Ghafoor Mangrio*, Muhammad Munir Ahmad*, Ghani Akber*, Sher Muhammad**, Muhammad Umair*** and Yaskina****
APPLICATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF IRRIGATION WATER UNDER VARIOUS SIZES OF CENTER PIVOT SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
...esearch Center (NARC), Islamabad, Arid Zone Research Institute, Bahawalpur (AZRI, BWP) and Thana Boula Khan (TBK, Sindh) in Pakistan. Water distribution coefficients used in the evaluation were: Christiansen's coefficient of uniformity (CU %), distribution uniformity (DU %) and scheduling coefficient (Sc %). The results showed that overall mean values for the coefficient of uniformity ranged from 87 to 92%, distribution unif...
Asif ullah Khan*, Faizan Ullah*, Sultan Mehmood*, Muhammad Irshad* and Farhat Ullah Khan**
ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF JATROPHA CURCAS L. LEAF AQUEOUS EXTRACT ON EARLY SEEDLING GROWTH OF L. PARTHENIUM HYSTEROPHORUS
...g interest as biodiesel plant in Pakistan. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the interaction of not only with crop plants but also with weed species before its introduction into agroforestry systems. During present investigation, allelopathic potential of leaf aqueous extract was investigated on seed germination and seedling development of L. Extracts were applied at 25%, 20%, 15%, 10% and 5% as seed soaking for 8 ho...
Ehsanullah*, Muhammad Amjad Shahzad*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum*, Ali Zohaib*, Muhammad Ishfaq* and Ejaz Ahmad Warraich*
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOWING METHODS AND PLANTING DENSITIES ON GROWTH, YIELD, FIBER QUALITY AND ECONOMIC EFFICACY OF COTTON
...rent sowing methods and planting densities. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of different sowing methods and planting densities on growth, yield, quality and economic returns of cotton. Sowing methods included pit planting (1 m × 1 m pits), bed planting (75 cm apart beds), ridge planting...
Tassadduq Rasool*, Ali Zohaib*, Ehsanullah*, Riaz Ahmad*, Tasawer Abbas*, Tahira Tabassum*, Muhammad Ather Nadeem*, Mahmood-ul-Hassan*
FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY IN PEARL MILLET-SESBANIA INTERCROPPING SYSTEM UNDER VARIOUS GEOMETRICAL PATTERNS
...orages following proper planting geometry is an important strategy to achieve higher yield of quality forage. A field experiment was performed to evaluate agroqualitative response of forage pearl millet sown as a base crop and sesbania as intercrop under different geometrical patterns (line sowing of sole pearl millet, line sowing of sole sesbania, cross planting of pearl millet and sesbania, blended seed sowing of pearl mil...
Muhammad Nawaz*, Anwar Javaid Wahla*, Muhammad Saleem Kashif*, Masood Qadir Waqar**, Muhammad Anjum Ali*** and Asim Raza Chadhar****
EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS NITROGEN LEVELS ON THE YIELD OF RICE GRAIN IN SHEIKHUPURA, PAKISTAN
...ance. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement. The experiment consisted of three nitrogen rates viz. 85, 170 and 255 kg ha , and two rice cultivars viz. KSK- 133 and KS-282. Both these rice cultivars are widely grown by the farmers in rice-wheat around the experimental site. Every year, the nursery of both the rice cultivars was transplanted during the second week of July. The...
Syed Haider Abbas*, Ayesha Tahir**, Muhammad Asim***, Muhammad Sohail* and Riaz-ud-Din*
PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY OF WHEAT PAK-13 AT DIFFERENT SEEDING DENSITIES UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
...nt of seeding densities planted at NARC, Islamabad during the rabi season of 2014-15. The experiment was done under Randomized Complete Block Design and was replicated four times having six different seeding densities (SD1: 50, SD2: 75, SD3: 100, SD4: 125, SD5: 150 and SD6: 175 kg/ha) The analysis revealed that the highest chlorophyll contents (49.5), number of tillers/m (240), biological yield (7125 kg/ha), and grain yield ...
Sher Muhammad , Ijaz Ashraf*, Amir Khatam**, and Naima
Nawaz***
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FARMERS AND THEIR PARTICIPATION IN ACTIVITIES OF MODEL FARM SERVICES CENTERS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
... situation regarding availability of agricultural inputs and good decision making may result in active participation by farmers in farm related activities. The present paper focuses on farmers' participation in various activities of MFSCs as influenced by their socio-economic characteristics. The target population of current study consisted of the member farmers of the MFSCs in four distri...
Nasarullah*, Raiz uddin*, Fakhar Uddin* and Muhammad Jamal*
INTERPRETING WHEAT GENOTYPES FOR GRAIN YIELD UNDER DIFFERENT REGIMES OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...conditions ranging from plains to mountains. Wheat is grown throughout the country to feed more than 200 million people. To get maximum yield, high yielding genotypes suitable to diverse agro-climatic conditions are needed. However, so for few varieties have been developed that can efficiently grow in different environments. This is one of the reasons for lower wheat production in the country. Current experiment was conducted to monitor stability of yield pote...
Muhammad Sharif1*, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz2, Muhammad Ansar3, Ijaz Ahmad4 and Syed Abdul Sadiq5
..., Pakistan.
...
Waqar Islam*
...under threat by various plant diseases worldwide. A sudden epidemic breakout of any plant disease can cause huge economic losses leading towards the famine. To cope with this situation, understanding plant disease triangle and disease epidemic forecasting is very important. So here we have briefly introduced plant disease epidemiology through highlightin...
Dachuan Cheng1,2, Md Mahbubul Hassan3, Zhenhua Ma1, 2, 3,*, Qibin Yang1 and Jian G. Qin3
...tjanus erythropterus larvae and juveniles from hatching to 36 day-post hatching (DPH). Mandible, ceratobranchial, cleithrum and gill arches were the initial skeletal structures appeared at 3 DPH that supported the vital life functions such as feeding and respiration. Ossification of premaxilla and maxilla and dentary started at 3.21 ± 0.25 mm (9 DPH), and completed at 5.91 &plus...
Wazha Mugabe1,3,Gaolebale Segolame Mpapho1, John Kamau1, Wameotsile Mahabile2, Shalaulani James Nsoso1, Kealeboga Dipheko1 and Assar Ali Shah3,*
...ers adopted a 3-4 months lactation period while longer lactation periods (>4 months) were the least adopted at 4%. A significantly (P<0.05) high proportion (58%) of the farmers were not informed on mastitis nor its management. From the 38 farmers informed on the diseases only, 76% were able to diagnose the disease. Most diagnosis was based on clinical observations (68) with the low utility of California Mastitis Test (...
Dildar Hussain Kalhoro1,2,, Shan Liang1, Muhammad Saleem Kalhoro2, Shoaib Ahmed Pirzado2, Nasir Rajput2, Muhammad Naeem2, Fahmida Parveen2 andYongjie Liu1*
... One viral strain was isolated from SPF embryonated chicken eggs. Sequencing analysis of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes showed 93 to 99% similarity between each other. The CIV isolates shared high similarity (above 98%) to the H3N2 viruses from dogs in China. On the comparison of gene sequence four unique mutations were found in the amin...
Yanling Xia1,2, Heping Li2, Yuntao Liang2, Jichen Zhao2, Binshan Lu2 and Di Liu1,*
...v>...
Niamat Ullah Khan1*, Farkhanda Khan2, Muhammad Kashan3, Qadir Ullah4 and Abdur Rauf5
...ues retention in zero tillage (ZT) system is a highly resourceful mean of managing nitrogenous fertilizers and optimizing the nitrogen (N) use efficiencies, lint yield and fiber quality in wheat-cotton system. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted during 2014, 2015 and 2016 at Cotton Research Station, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan to explore N management practices for ZT cotton grown into standing wheat straw. The trial was conducted in a randomized complet...
Youbao Zhong1, Xianlai Zhang1, Xiaofen Hu1 and Yong Li1, 2,*
...ctively. Despite its similarity to the general mammal small intestine microstructure, the present results indicated that the hedgehog duodenum contained fewer Brunner’s glands, and that the Paneth cells were lacking in the crypt. The connective tissue was denser in the jejunal submucosa, but the muscularis was thicker. The intestinal g
Rabia Faiz and Dilara A. Bukhari*
...st 3rd instar larvae of mosquito. Larval mortality was noted after 24 h and GCU B.t. 4 (400± 1.15) was found to be the most toxic against 3rd instar larvae of mosquitoes. Spores LC50 values of other isolates were 451± 0.90 (GCU B.t. 1), 511± 0.85 (GCU B.t. 2), 525± .013 (GCU B.t. 5), 582± 0.66 (...
Hina Zubair1, Saima Perveen2, Saeed Alam3, Akkad Rafiq4* and Sara Ejaz
...fy;">Controlling the population growth is one of the most feasible solutions to reduce burden on the country and it can be achieved by effective use of contraception. This study was designed to analyze the trends of utilization of different family planning methods in relation with socio-demographic factors at divisional headquarter hospital in a year time. A retrospective study was perform...
Anza Zahid*, Muhammad Ali Ayub, Mujtaba Saeed, Nasir Pasha, Abdul Jabbar Dar, Huzaifa Javed, Aimen Shakeel, Amna Nasir, Ana Akbar, Zainab Tarrar and Ayesha Humayun
...actitioner whereas 2.8% claimed good practice and competency. Conversely, 94.4% blamed bad attitude as a trait of bad doctor whereas 4.6% reported that the bad practice and incompetency is responsible for the negative trait. Taken together, compliance to physician’s advice is better among diabetics attending tertiary care hospitals in current study. The study encourages our health care system to provide more awareness ...
Selçuk Kaplan1,* and Sertaç Atalay2
...orphism (SNP) in the regulatory region of the IGF1 gene was detected by amplification of the 294 bp region using specific primers and cleavage with the BfoI enzyme. Allele frequencies of A and B were found with 0.915 and 0.085 respectively. The genotype frequencies of IGF1 gene were 0.85 (AA), 0.13 (AB) and 0.02 (BB). The SNP in the exon 3 of the LEP gene was detected by amplification of the 494 bp region using specific primers and ...
Khalid Khan*1, Muhammad Abdul Kamal2, Saubia Ramazan3, Gulawar Khan4, Gulzar Ali5 and Sheharyar Ahmed6
... income in district Lasbela, Balochistan. For assessment, we have used primary and secondary data to test the relationship between agricultural credit and livestock income. The results of the study indicate that agricultural credit help to develop livestock sector and enhance livestock income of the farmers by 65%. Furthermore, the elasticity of agricultural credit is higher than the e
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2 and Zafarullah Baloch3
...average have 10 acres of land under date palm cultivation with more than 57 date palm trees per acre on average. It is also observed that respondents generally get 76 kg of dates on average per tree. Many of the farmers use Radio and contact farmers as sources of knowledge for agricultural practices and date palm cultivation. However, more than 68% of the respondents do not get advisory services from government extension service institutions at all. Age and ex...
Mohammad Nazeer* and Safdar Hussain Shah
...gn: justify;">Livestock play a significant role in the developing economy of Pakistan. Goat is population wise one of the major livestock specie of Pakistan. This study was conducted to analyze morphological traits of four indigenous goat breeds of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. The breeds selected for this study were namely Damani, Surguli, Kaghani and Gaddi. Data was collected from two districts to the south...
Muhammad Abu Bakar1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Arshad1, Rashid Mahmood2,* and Ziyad Abdul Qadir2
Naimat Ullah Khan1,2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Nisar Ahmad3, Ayesha Hassan1, Muhammad Kashif Prince1, Muhammad Luqman Sohail4,*, Mian Saeed Sarwar2, Hazrat Ali2, Tahir Usman2, Asadullah Khan2, Siffat Ullah Khan3 and Shahid Zaman5
...i>Cryptosporidium in lambs and has been known to cause human infection. Three hundred and sixty fecal samples (n=360) were collected through convenient sampling from apparently healthy lambs and were examined using the modified Ziehl Neelsen acid fast staining. Prevalence was calculated along with different risk factors associated with the disease (month, age, sex and season). Results ...
Martín Grassi
...gy, and Maturana and Varela’s biological theory of autopoiesis. Although self-sufficiency is quite revealing of what life is, I will argue that it does notdo justice to the relational essence of life, being my goal to open new perspectives on life by placing the prefix syn- over the prefix autós-. The philosophical task today seems to be to understand what...
Jesse M. Smith
...hrough discourse, to secular forces over the course of more than a century. I accomplish this by employing the techniques of ethnographic content analysis consistent with the inductive logic of a constructionist grounded theory. Combing elements of rhetorical theory with a sociological view of religious movement and marketplace, I identify the major themes and evolving narrative of this American religion in re
Aitezaz Ahsan1*, Muhammad Usman1, Ihsan Ullah2, Aamer Bin Zahur3 and Adnan Rasheed Malik4
...f sheep and goat, particularly in the regions of Africa, Middle East and Asia. Besides clinical signs and symptoms of PPR various diagnostic assays, both serological and molecular, have been developed and are applied for estimating the current status of the disease. This review article focuses on the development of different molecular diagnostic assays from conventional reverse transcripta...
Mahmoud M. Al-Azzazy1,2 and Saleh S. Alhewairini1,*
... Huwa-San TR50 is a formulation of hydrogen peroxide, stabilized by the addition of a small quantity of silver and is extensively used as a disinfectant. It was found to be very effective in killing A. lycopersici with no significant effect on N. cucumeris. Under greenhouse conditions, the mortality percentages were 81.17, 84.11, 92.74 and 95.10% for A. lycopersici and 15.86, 23.45, 33.33 and 58.19% for N. cucumeris after one week o...
Zheng Quan Jiang1,2, Feng Shan Li3, Jiang Hong Ran1,*, Chen Hao Zhao1, Man Zhang1 and Hua Li4
...r a year.
...
Yanxiao Meng1, Guihua Wang1, Dongmei Xiong1,*, Haixia Liu1, Xiaolin Liu1, Lixin Wang1 and Jianlu Zhang2
... morphotypes based on 18 landmarks. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first five principal components were 72.99%. CV1 (65.77%) and CV2 (34.23%) were well explained 100% of the observed variation among three morphotypes by Canonical variate analyses (CVA). The morphological variation was well defined by PCA and CVA: B. lenok tsinlinge...
Muhammad Zameer Kayani1,*, Tariq Mukhtar2 and Muhammad Arshad Hussain3
...ects of five initial population densities of M. incognita on growth and yield of cucumber and nematode reproduction. All inoculum densities caused significant reductions in growth and yield of cucumber and were found to be positively correlated with the latter. On the other hand, ages of plants at inoculation ha...
Irfan Ullah, Shahid Ali*, Muhammad Fayaz and Abbas Ullah Jan
...st function of Cobb- Douglas type was used for the estimation of allocative efficiency. The function was estimated using Maximum Likelihood estimation technique. Results revealed that the mean allocative efficiency of broiler farms was 0.84; implies that an average farm could have used 16% less inputs for given level of output if inputs were allocated efficiently. The estimated coefficient of output in the stochastic cost frontier was -0.159 and statistically ...
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,2,*, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza2, Muhammad Afzal2,Hafiz Salah-ud-Din2, Imtiaz Sarwar2, Muhammad Yahya2 and Khurram Shehzad3
...ground biodiversity and play a significant role in soil biological functioning and sustained productivity. As these fauna readily respond to biotic and abiotic perturbations in soil profiles, different land-use systems have different community assemblages of macroinvertebrates. This study was conducted to determine the impact of different land-use types ...
Fatmagün Aydin1,* and Fatma Burcu Harmantepe2
...ters were evaluated on tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). For this experiment, 360 fish (11.81± 0.02 g) were used. Fish were divided into four equal groups in three replicates and were fed with diets containing 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 % of sage oil for 30 days. The results showed that the haematological parameters (total red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscu...
Asmatullah1, Chaman Ara1,*, Shagufta Andleeb2, Maha Tahir1, Beenish Zahid1 and Madeeha Arshad1
...efects, hemorrhages, displacement of limbs, open eyelids and distorted axis. Histological defects included dilation and absence of ventricles, underdeveloped cerebellum, microcardia, necrosis in atrium, underdeveloped ventricles, hydropericardium and necrosis of the liver. Skeleton analysis of cadmium treated groups showed mostly un-ossified skeletons. The control mice showed normal ossification as compared to experimental g...
Nazia Qamar1, Sher Khan Panhwar1,* and Ralf Riedel2,*
...erations.
...
Alaeldein M. Abudabos*, Abdullah N. Al-Owaimer, Elsayed O.S. Hussein and Mutahar H. Ali
...fect on performance. Cumulative performance results for the period (15-30 day) showed that feed intake was affected by temperature (P<0.05). It can be concluded that natural vitamin C 100 has no a major impact on cumulative performance or plasma mineral status.
...
Xiaopeng Tang1,3, Rong Xiang1, Sijia Chen1,3, Shufen Yang1,3, Hu Liu1,3, Rejun Fang1,3,* and Aike Li2,*
..., or hydrolyzed with alcalase and flavourzyme. Secondly, a total of 32 white leghorn roosters with similar body weight (1.95± 0.14 kg) were randomly assigned into 1 of 4 treatments, 1) starvation group, 2) untreated CSM group, 3) FCSM group, and 4) EHCSM group to determinate the Apparent metabolic energy (AME), True metabolic energy (TME) and AA digestibility. Results showed th...
Burcu Onuk1,*, Murat Kabak1, Bünyamin Sahin2 and Nazan Gezer İnce3
... crucial for the fluid balance of birds. This function may be related to the structure of the nose of flying birds. For this reason, we decided to analyze the nasal structure of two different birds using volume and volume fraction approach of the stereology. In this study, 14 seagulls and 7 storks were examined and volume fractions of the nasal cavity and nasal structures were estimated. Heads of animals were scanned in comp...
Zhiping Hu, Hussain Ahmad, Jingfei Zhang, Lili Zhang and Tian Wang*
...blood urea nitrogen and alanine aminotransferase were significantly increased compared to CON group at 42d in broilers. Serum globulin content (21d) and total protein content (42d) were lower in T2 group than that of CON group. Serum total antioxidant capacity was higher and malondialdehyde content was lower in T1 group than that of CON group at 21d. Serum glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity was significantly increased in T1 group compared to CON group at 4...
Abdul Nabi Jatt1,*, Sarfraz Ali Tunio1, Shaista Bano Memon1, Abdul Sattar Qureshi2 and Muhammad Aqeel Bhutto2
...ogical processes, particularly involved in the hydrolysis of complex organic materials. Several pathogenic microbial species utilize enzymes as virulence factors to cause diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate enzymatic activities of the bacterial strain Shigella dysenteriae IM using API-ZYM test system. Out of nineteen different enzymes, S. dysenteriae IM strain was capable to poroduce nine enz...
Ali Murad Rahoo1,*, Tariq Mukhtar2, Ali Murad Jakhar3, Rehana Kanwal Rahoo3
...es (EPN) are not yet available and the development and use of EPN mainly depends on the use of host insects such as greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) for in vivo production. Since G. mellonella may not always be available, therefore, yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) could be an alternative host. Therefore, in the presen...
Basit Zeshan1,2,*, Mushtaq A. Saleem2,Javed Iqbal Wattoo2, Mohd Mokhtar Arshad1 and Maizan Mohamed1
...n) were amplified by overlap PCR, cloned into prokaryotic expression vector resulting pET-Sf200 and confirmed the construct by sequencing. The recombinant plasmid was identified by restriction enzyme and sequencing analysis. The in vitro expression of the truncated protein was analyzed in E. coli with a molecular weight of 38kDa determined through SDS-PAGE and conf...
Saba Parveen Samo1, Moolchand Malhi1,*, Javed Gadahi2, Yan Lei3, Allah Bux Kaciwal1 and Saeed Ahmed Soomro1
...smn; 0.01) and the whole large intestine (2.44 ± 0.04 vs 2.32 ± 0.03) significantly increased (P < 0.05) in B compared to A. The weights of liver, heart, kidney and spleen were not significantly different (P > 0.05) between the groups, however, the lung weight increased in B (1.15 ± 0.04 vs 0.99 ± 0.04, P < 0.05) compared to A. Digestibility trails revealed that utilization of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and crude f...
Aqsa Gulzar1, Tariq Mahmud1,*, Rubina Munir2 and Asma Anjum3
...ti-cancerous and anti-inflammatory potential of two novel Schiff bases was carried out by MTT - colorimetric protocol on HeLa cells (cervical disease) and Luminol-improved chemiluminescence assay, respectively. The novel Schiff bases 4a and 4b have been synthesized by the reaction of 2-[(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]-N-[4-(hydrazinecarbonyl)phenyl]acetamide with 3-nitro and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde. Characterization of the synthesized compounds was done by...
Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska1,*, Magdalena Skibicka1, Barbara Cioch-Szklarz1, Jolanta Karakulska2, Karol Fijałkowski2 and Sonia Hiller3
...olish Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White variety (PHF HO). The average weight of calves at the age of three months differed depending on the housing system. Individuals in igloo type booths were heavier as compared to the traditionally reared calves. The differences regarding the final weight of heifer calves were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). In the cold and traditional rearing bulls had a larger mass than heifer ...
Hao Zhang,1,2,3,* Hai Tao Nie,3 Tie Wei Ma,3 Zi Yu Wang3 and Feng Wang3
.../div>...
Ali Haider Saleem1,*, Khalid Javed2, Masroor Ellahi Babar3, Tanveer Hussain3, Asad Ali2, Afzal Ali2, Nisar Ahmad2, Muhammad Zahid Farooq1 and Muhammad Dawood2
...ficant importance in regulating various functions like growth, puberty, reproduction and milk production in both animals and humans. The sequence variations have been studied, reported and associated with many growth traits like weaning weight, six month body weight and nine-month body weight etc. in cattle, buffalo, goat and sheep worldwide. LEP gene polymorphism and associations have not been extensively reported in Lohi sheep of Pakistan, so this study aime...
Grace C. Onyishi, Ifeanyi Oscar N. Aguzie, Christopher D. Nwani*, R.N.N. Obiezue and I.C. Okoye
...nment.
...
Wei Dang1, Ning Xu1, Wen Zhang1, Jing Gao2, Handong Fan1 and Hongliang Lu 1,*
...proteins and other molecular chaperones play specific physiological roles in such thermal adaptation. Here, we analyzed heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression in six lizard species to investigate the variation in Hsp70 response contributing to thermal adaptation. At first, we collected three lizard species of the genus Takydromus from different geographical locations. We found that either the constitutive expression...
Muhammad Umair Sattar1, Aysha Sameen1,*, Nuzhat Huma1 and Muhammad Shahid2
...f cheese. The study was planned to investigate combined impact of fat mimetic (guar gum) and homogenization as fat reduction strategies on the quality of low fat Mozzarella cheeses (LFMCs). Guar gum was used at level of 0.15, 0.30 and 0.45% with and without cheese milk homogenization (2000 psi at 45°C) for LFMCs production. LFMCs produced were subjected to analysis for physicochemical parameters, functional attributes, t...
Hongwei Liang1,2,*, Miaomiao Tong1, Lihuan Cao1,2, Xiang Li3, Zhong Li1 and Guiwei Zou1,*
...igher concentrations of flavor amino acids than muscle. Muscle tissue of the Huaihe River strain had the highest concentration of pharmacodynamic amino acids and the highest concentration (P < 0.05) of arachidonic acid (females: 109.83 mg/ 100g, males: 110.72 mg/100 g). Concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic were higher in male muscle than in female muscle. Opposite results were obtained with calipash. The n-3-to-n-6 polyunsatura...
Nasir Abbas1, Muhammad Suleman1, Nazir Ahmad Khan2,*, Ijaz Ali3, Mubashir Rauf1,5 and Sadeeq ur Rahman4,*
...d involvement of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) in cases of chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in poultry and pheasantry birds of Northern Pakistan is underreported. In this study we report on the seroprevalence and isolation of MG from a total of 2341 poultry and 24 pheasantry birds. Overall, seropositivity of 46.56% (1090/2341) and 27.2% (6/24) against MG was observed among poultry- and pheasantry- birds, respectively...
Grace Chinenye Onyishi, Ifeanyi Oscar Aguzie, Joseph O. Okoro, Christopher Didigwu Nwani*, Ngozi Ezenwaji, Ndubisi Stanley Oluah and Fabian C. Okafor
...teata, A. degneri, Limicolaria aurora, L. flammea, Lamellaxis gracilis and Orthalicus sp.) were collected. A. achatina was the most abundant species (35.6%) while A. degneri was the least (1.3%). Overall, 388 snails (62.8%) were infected. A. achatina had the highest (76.4%) prevalence of infection; A. degneri had the least (37.5%). A total of 1 563 he...
Shireen Ihsan Izzaddeen1 and Ali Kaygısız2,*
...s (P>0.05). Essential laurel oil containing whole milk, on the other hand, lowered serum triglyceride concentration (P<0.05). Altogether these results suggested that the consumption of laurel essential oil (600 mg/day) containing whole milk by calves might have positive influences on their health parameters compared to the control group.
...
Nilgün Paksoy1, Hikmet Dinç2 and Serap Kılıç Altun3,*
...s were collected from 17 lactating donkeys, 19 goats, and 20 sheeps in three different Turkish Farms. The samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Minimum and maximum levels of Na, Mg, P, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn in donkey milk samples were 108.6-202.7, 48.6-76, 355-670, 565-1053, 279-637, 1.86-5.8, 0.052-0.277, 1.78-10.97 mg L-1; in goat milk samples were 201.7-1087, 81.7-138.8, ...
Amjad Ali1, Rajan Shrestha2, Ghaffar Ali1, Irfan Ullah1 and Salman Khan1
... schedule. Debartin formula was used to calculate net return, while a Cobb-Douglas type production function (double log form) was employed to estimate sugarcane yield and its determinants in study area. The results revealed that per acre net return after subtracting total cost from gross revenue was Rs. 33,173.65/-. Results illustrate that labor days, s...
Amjad Ali1, Rajan Shrestha2, Ghaffar Ali1, Irfan Ullah1 and Salman Khan1
... schedule. Debartin formula was used to calculate net return, while a Cobb-Douglas type production function (double log form) was employed to estimate sugarcane yield and its determinants in study area. The results revealed that per acre net return after subtracting total cost from gross revenue was Rs. 33,173.65/-. Results illustrate that labor days, s...
Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Abdul Malik2*, Muhammad Shahzad Khattak2, Naveedullah1, Naeem Ijaz3 and Ishaq Ahmad4
...its contamination due to lack of balance between its exploitation and recharge has posed a serious menace on its utilization for various purposes. Current study was conducted in District Karak during June to November, 2009 with the objectives to assess the changes in groundwater table depths due to withdrawal and the water quality parameters and to find the effect of small dams on recharge of ground water aquifer. Water tabl...
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khuram Sharjeel1, Raheel Babar2, Muhammad Junaid1, Qamar Iqbal3, Rabia Rasheed1 and Nosheen Fatima1
...study. The total EFS population consists of 155 people and 121 respondents appeared for interview. The non response rate was 21.94%. The analysis showed that training and visit program and demonstration methods were dominant approaches used in technology transfer. The mean of the results showed that low allocation of budget, massive operational area to give satisfactory coverage, less use of multimedia, unavailability of tra...
Abid Hussain1,*, Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad2, Muhammad Hussan Mushtaq2, Mamoona Chaudhry2, Muhammad Sarwar Khan2, Michael Reichel3, Tanveer Hussain4, Amjad Khan2, MuhammadNisar2 and Imtiaz Ahmad Khan5
...y was consisted of 1,036 lactating buffaloes. The screening of lactating buffaloes was performed with the California Mastitis Test. The overall prevalence of mastitis was recorded at 49%. Among mastitis cases the prevalence of clinical mastitis was 10.2% (106/1036 animals) as a whole. However, the prevalence of clinical mastitis in district Lahore was 11.8% (71/598 animals) whereas it was 8% (35/438 animals) in district Bhim...
Sana Zahra
...eafness in Pakistani population. More than 367 mutations of SLC26A4 have been reported so far with PDS. Identification of recurrent mutations reveals widespread lineage diversity and mutational specificity of a population. This study reports p.Y556C mutation as a recurring mutation in Punjabi population of Pakistan. A detailed genetic evaluation of four unre...
Chuanpeng Zhou1, Heizhao Lin2,*, Zhong Huang2, Jun Wang1, Yun Wang1 and Wei Yu2
...rachinotus ovatus). Plasma glucose and cholesterol level reached its peak 3h after oral administration with high dose of glucose, respectively (P<0.05). Plasma insulin content was significantly lower at 1, 3, 6 and 12 h after oral administration of both doses of glucose (P<0.05). Compared to the low dose of glucose group, the high dose of glucose group has lower plasma glu...
Yan Li1, Kai Zhan1,*, Junying Li1, Wei Liu1, Ruiyu Ma1, Shengnan Liu1, Tao Han2, Shaoquan Li2, Shaolin Wang2 and Yang Hu2
...h with 5 roosters and 45 laying hens. The other birds were reared in 3-layer complete ladder cages for AI, for which 180 hens were maintained in 60 cages with 3 hens/cage and 20 roosters in 20 cages. Laying performances, mortality, egg quality characteristics and welfare level of birds were measured during the study period.Compared with AI birds, NM birds la...
Lili Zhang, Yuanxiao Wang, Yili Kong, Hussain Ahmad, Rui Yan, Li Dong, Jingfei Zhang and Tian Wang*
...acity and meat color of slaughtering pigs.
...
Sabah Mansoor1, Muhammad Tayyab1,*, Amna Jawad1, Bushra Munir2, Sehrish Firyal1, Ali Raza Awan1, Naeem Rashid3 and Muhammad Wasim1
...f recombinant α-amylase (AMYSBS) from Geobacillus SBS-4S. AMYSBS exhibited a highest identity of 99.78% with Geobacillus thermoleovorance GTA. E.coli BL21-CodonPlus (DE3) cells were used as host for expression studies of AMYSBS. Recombinant AMYSBS produced as inclusion bodies was transmitted to soluble active form by denaturing the insoluble protein using 8M urea followed by refolding throu...
Kaori Sasaoka1, Takahiro Kataoka1, Norie Kanzaki1, Yusuke Kobashi1, Akihiro Sakoda2, Yuu Ishimori2 and Kiyonori Yamaoka1,*
... medicine.
...
Mubashar Hussain, Muhammad Faheem Malik, Sehreen Siddique, Muhammad Umar, Tamkeen Zainab, Fatima Zafar
...elected locations i.e. Dolat Nagar, Lala Musa, Jalalpur Jatan, Guliyana, Fateh Pur and Kunjah. Analysis of specimens indicated a representation of 14 species, 6 genera and 3 sub families across all sites. Maximum abundance was noticed for Coccinella septempunctata (19.63 %) followed by Coccinella undecimpunct...
Humaira Jabeen and Nazia Jamil*
...avorable conditions; bioplastics is one of them. The aim of this study was to evaluate various environments for bioplastic producing bacteria. Bacterial strains were isolated from the desert and urban soil samples. A total of 39 strains isolated from Cholistan near Bahawalpur and 24 strains were isolated from various a...
Fouzia Tabssum1* and Syed Shahid Ali2
...variety of ways such as clarification of the juices in beverage industries, tea making, and wastewater treatment among others. The present investigation was undertaken to isolate pectinase-producing bacteria from local habitats. To enrich the diversity of isolated bacteria that produce pectinase, samples were collected from the soil, water, fruits and vegetables wastes. Initial screening o...
Fouzia Tabssum1* and Syed Shahid Ali2
...variety of ways such as clarification of the juices in beverage industries, tea making, and wastewater treatment among others. The present investigation was undertaken to isolate pectinase-producing bacteria from local habitats. To enrich the diversity of isolated bacteria that produce pectinase, samples were collected from the soil, water, fruits and vegetables wastes. Initial screening o...
Muhammad Tariq Zahid1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2, Soumble Zulfiqar3, Khalid A. Al-Ghanim4 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori3,4*
...ure upto 87.3 folds that later on decreased. Accordingly, maximum uptake rate was observed between 15 to 30 min of copper exposure indicating possible role of TfCuMT as copper metallothionein. T. farahensis and TfCuMT can be used as biotechnological tools for bioremediation.
...
María Magdalena Crosby-Galván1, Bernardino Espinoza-Velasco1 and Mónica Ramirez-Mella2,*
...dard diet for ruminants elaborated with corn stover, corn grain and soybean meal, and three experimental diets with 10, 20 and 30% dry residue of chihua pumpkin instead of corn stover. Dry matter digestibility and gas production was determined at 24 h of incubation in ruminal fluid obtained from two Holstein cows with a ruminal cannula. Randomized block experimental design was used as and a comparison of means was performed ...
Senol Celik1,*, Ecevit Eyduran2, Adile Tatliyer3, Koksal Karadas4, Mehmet Kazim Kara2 and Abdul Waheed5
...MMF), Logistic, Von-Bertalanffy and Janosheck models, based on monthly records of body weight from birth to 1 year in Daera Din Panah (DDP) goat. Based on coefficient of determination (R2), adjusted coefficient of determination (R2ADJUSTED) and root mean square error (RMSE) were used. Janosheck model was chosen as the most appropriate model for its highest R2 (0.999) and smallest RMSE (0.124). Growth re
Ahmad Farooq1, Usman Waheed2,3, Hasan Abbas Zaheer2,3, Abdul Rauf4, Abida Arshad5, and Muhammad Arshad1,*
...ecommended.
...
Tariq Mukhtar,1,* Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Usman Raja1 and Humayun Javed2
...udy was to determine the latest distribution of wheat seed gall nematode Anguina tritici (Steinbuch) in Sargodha division of the Punjab province of Pakistan. The overall incidence of ear cockle of wheat in the division was found to be 1.2% while the overall prevalence was 27%. As regards districts, the maximum incidence was recorded in district Bhakkar followed by Khushab. Similarly, the maximum prevalence was observe...
Ehtisham Shakeel Khokhar*1, Amir Shakeel1, Muhammad Amir Maqbool1, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar2, Sumaira Zareen2, Syeda Sana Aamir4 and Muhammad Asadullah4
...Analysis of variance displayed significant differences among parents and hybrids indicating the presence of genetic variability except fiber fineness. δ2GCA/δ2SCA ratio depicted the predominance of non-additive types of gene action for plant height, number of monopodial branches, number of sympodial branches, numbers of bolls, boll weight, seed cotton yield, lint percentage, fiber length and...
Zahida Parveen1, Safdar Sidra1*, Bushra Nisar Khan2
...iets, based upon the availability of food items, were selected and fed to the birds over duration of one week each. During the fourth week, all three diets were combined and offered to the peafowls. The feed was pre-weighed and the leftover feed was collected and weighed the next day before offering the new feed. According to previous reports at site, the peafowls were preferred to poultry feed but in present research, the diet preference was in order of maize...
Partial Characterization of α-amylase Produced from Aspergillus niger using Potato Peel as Substrate
Shahzad Mahmood1, Memuna Ghafoor Shahid1, Muhammad Irfan2, Muhammad Nadeem3*, Quratulain Syed3
...tion of α–amylase. The crude enzyme produced was further characterized. The results showed that enzyme had an optimum pH of 6.0 and stable in range of 4.0-6.0. Optimum temperature of enzyme was 40oC and attained 96% activity at 40oC for 70min. Metal profile showed that α-amylase activity was enhanced in the presence of Ca2+, Cs1+, Mn2+ and Co2...
Muhammad Zahid Latif1*, Rahila Nizami2, Intzar Hussain3
...teer basis should be regular and ongoing (3). This is worth mentioning that in United States during the year of 2000, 15.5 billion hours were contributed by 83.9 million volunteers which is equal to an amount of USD 39.2 billion wages for the employees (4). During the year of 2006, there were 5.2 million volunteers in Australia contributing around 623 million hours to the non-profit segment...
Nazish Imran
...growth of young population. Youth with positive mental health have positive self-efficacy beliefs, are productive and able to tackle developmental challenges adequately.(4) On the other hand, poor mental health in young age is associated with school failure, delinquency, social and peer problems, substance misuse alongside adverse outcomes in adulthood.
...
Ambreen Asghar, Tasleem Akhtar, Nadeem Sheikh*
...sumption can lead to an alarming ratio of metabolic disturbance and obesity. Despite the genetic regulation of metabolic responses, a close relationship between high energy food-intake and increased body-weight has been reported to support several pathologies in the metabolic and immune system. Present work was designed to evaluate the variations in serum protein level induced by fat rich ...
Shagufta Andleeb*1, Shabana Shaukat1, Chaman Ara2
...ratogen through bioaccumulation in tissues. Aim of present study was to analyze various developmental abnormalities by a sub-lethal dose of cadmium chloride and protective role of garlic (Allium sativum), to minimize the intensity of these toxicities. For this purpose, fertilized eggs of Gallus domesticus were randomly divided into four groups of forty eggs each. Control group was intact and untreated. Eggs of one group were injected with a sub-l...
Olaniyi Alaba Olopade1,*, Henry Eyina Dienye1, Bosede Jimba1, Nathanael Akinsafe Bamidele2, Iyabo Olusola Taiwo2
...gate the length-weight relationship and condition factor of Coptodon guineensis from the New Calabar River and Buguma Creek, Nigeria. Assessments of the length and weight parameters indicated that the total length ranged from 12.4 cm to 29.8 cm with a mean value of 17.84±0.40 and the weight varied between 41g to 640g in subject collected from New Calabar River popu
Muhammad Suleman Bacha1*, Mohammad Nafees1 and Syed Adnan2
...nd energy sectors particularly in developing countries. The current study focused on farmer’s perception about climate change vulnerabilities, their adaptation measures and relationship with the changing climatic records in the district Swat (Pakistan). The data collected through household interviews and focus group discussions. Total 177 questionnaires administered to sample households and 9 FGDs (Focus Group Discussi...
Mei Li1, Di Zhang2 and Wan-Long Zhu1,*
...d conditions.
...
Nadia Mubarik1, Aqib Iqbal1*, Iqbal Munir1 and Muhammad Arif2
...n (CRD) using pots in a glass house and comprised of 2 irrigations (irrigated and water stress) and three concentrations of CaCl2 (5, 10 and 15 mM CaCl2.2H2O) as foliar spray on maize seedlings 20 days after emergence (DAE). Water was sprayed as untreated control on maize seedlings 20 DAE. After foliar application, the plants were regularly irrigated upto one week and water stress was impo...
Naimat Ullah1,3,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Avais1, Nisar Ahmad2, Sana Ullah3, Muhammad Shuaib Khan3, Khalid Mehmood5, Mumtaz Ali Khan1 and Ikramul Haq1
... prevalence and its correlation with various risk factors and host biomarkers concerned with the occurrence of theileriosis in sheep. Total 600 blood samples were taken each 200 from districts Bannu, Tank and Dera Ismail Khan of southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan and screened through blood microscopy. The current study revealed an overall prevalence of ovine theileriosis as 27.5%, 13% and 19.5% in districts of Dera Ismail Khan, Tank and Bannu, respectively. ...
Song Jiang1,2, Fa-lin Zhou3, Jian-hua Huang1, Qi-bin Yang1, Li-shi Yang1 and Shi-gui Jiang1,*
...he effects of eyestalk ablation on feeding, gonad development, and energy conversion of Penaeus monodon broodstock. An experiment of 30 days was carried out on broodstock (average body length 28.4 ± 0.95 cm, average body weight 96.7±6.48 g) with (treatment) or without eyestalk ablation (control), cultivated under a water temperature of 27.0±1.5 °C, salinity of 30–32, pH of 8.0–8.3,...
Muhammad Arshad,1* Sajjad Ahmad1, Muhammad Sufyan1, Zain-ul Abdin1 and Sumaira Maqsood2
...st aphid was seen in the last week of January while the predator population was first recorded during the first week of March. Aphid population was maximum on wheat monoculture when 130 specimens were recorded per tiller. Among strip cropping garlic showed maximum population (113 per tiller) followed by brassica (105), berseem (98) and alfalfa (83 per ti...
Farhan Ahmad1,*, Muhammad Waris Sanjrani1, Shah Nawaz Khuhro1, Asif Sajjad2, Abid Ali3, Rashad Rasool Khan3, Farooq Ahmed3 and Junhe Liu4,*
...ctors, temperature and relative humidity are important factors for higher cotton yields in all cotton growing regions. Cotton whitefly (Bemisia tabaci G.) being vector of CLCuV in Pakistani cotton crop is responsible to cause an economic damage. A survey of whitefly populations and its parasitism with connection to temperature and relative humidity was conducted in fourteen cotton g...
Jun-Ying Liu, He-He Liu*, Jie Kou, Yang-Mei Zhao, Ji-Wen Wang, Liang Li and Xiao-Hui Du
... in organ index or the relative expression of TLR4 and IgM (P>0.05). Furthermore, correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between the mRNA expression of TLR4 and concentrations of TNF-α and IL-12. These results revealed that although there were no significant effects of LPS injection on TLR4 mRNA expression in lymphoid organs, the response to LPS m...
Syeda Madiha, Zehra Batool, Saiqa Tabassum, Laraib Liaquat, Sadia Sadir, Tahira Perveen and Saida Haider*
...eters (pole test, Kondziela’s inverted screen test, inclined plane test, open field test, beam walking test and footprint test). Biochemical and neurochemical alterations were also monitored. Pre-treatment with curcumin reversed the motor impairments, biochemical and neurochemical alterations which were produced by rotenone. Furthermore, curcumin treatment restored the dopaminergic and cholinergic functions. We conclud...
Sherin Reda Rouby
...ry in nature and are regularly spread into neighboring, non-endemic regions with significant economic implication. Capripoxvirus isolates are extremely conserved with genome identities of at least 96% between SPPV, GTPV and LSDV. The LSDV is similar in antigenicity and in cultural characteristics to SPPV. The current study was delineated to identify capripoxviruses from different clin...
Abdul Majid Ujjal2, Sharmin Akter1* and Suman Paul1
...Septicaemia (HS) at Upazila veterinary hospitals of Jaintapur, Gowainghat and Kanaighat upazilas of Sylhet district. From October, 2015 to September, 2017 a total of 1057 cases of buffalo diseases were recorded in the hospital record books. Among all diseases, the overall hospital prevalence of Helminthiasis in buffalo was highest (22.32%) followed by FMD (20.71%; 95% CI: 18.38%-23.27%) and HS (10.78%; 95% CI: 9.06%-12.80%)....
Hamza Khan1, Safdar Ali1, Ijaz Ahmad*2, Ihsanullah Khan3, Shujaat Hussain1, Bashir Ahmad Khan4 and Muhammad Suhaib5
...ltural Research Centre Islamabad, to evaluate the performance of 12 locally developed sunflower Hybrids. Twelve sunflower hybrids including two checks viz., SMH 1006, SMH 0907, SMH 0932, SMH 1208, NKS-278, SMH 1001, SMH 0917, SMH 1401, Hysun-33, SMH 0927, SMH 0909 and SMH 1215 were studied in the experiment. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Data regarding Agronom...
Ligia Neves Scuarcialupi, Laila Andreia Rodrigues Beserra, Julia Rosas Hochheim, Rodrigo Martins Soares, Fabio Gregori*
...(5.15%) in 2 broilers, 1 laying hen and 2 breeders. Only one RVG sample (1.03%) was detected in laying hen, in coinfection with RVF. This data contributes to a better understanding of rotavirus distribution in Brazil.
...
Evolutionary Analysis and Phylodynamics of Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 between 2015 and 2016 in Egypt
Osama Elshazly1, AbdelSatar Arafa1, Mohammed A. Rohaim2, Ismaeil M. Reda2 and Hussein A. Hussein2*
...a virus (HPAIV) H5N1 of clade 2.2.1 has recently diversified into two distinct genetic subclades (2.2.1.1 and 2.2.1.2) in Egypt. This study was conducted as part of routine surveillance activities in Egypt; 5202 cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs were collected from live/dead birds, including commercial and backyard flocks, in five different locations in Egypt between the years of 2015 and 20...
Lotta Wahldén1, 3, Ulf Emanuelson1, Torsten Møller2 and Jonas Johansson Wensman1*
... species and captive populations are important for conservation. Canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine parvovirus (CPV) are two infections threatening the survival of this species. Based on a limited number of animals, live attenuated vaccines have been suggested to provide protective immunity in the African wild dog; however, their use has been hampered by the fear of vaccine-induced disease. Kolmården Wildlife Park in Sweden has used a live attenuate...
Muhammad Suhaib1, Ijaz Ahmad2*, Masooma Munir3, Muhammad Bilal Iqbal4 , Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar5 and Safdar Ali6
...icylic acid is found to play a helpful role in supporting the plant growth and development under salt stress. Keeping in view these factors a hydroponic experiment was conducted on wheat with two levels of salicylic acid (0.25 mM and 0.50 mM) under two salt levels (75 mM and 150 mM) to assess that whether the salicylic acid is helpful in coping the harmful effects of salinity on crop growth or not and if it has certain posit...
Muzafar Shah1,*, Mazhar Ali2, Sardar Azhar Mehmood2, Shabir Ahmad2, Khushi Muhammad3, Israr Alam1, Kausar Saeed1
...carried out in local population of Barikot, District Swat for incidence of malarial disease. For this purpose a total of 997 individuals were screened for malarial test in the study area and divided into four category of age i.e. (1-15), (16-30), (31-45), (46-onward), gender wise, union council (Kota, Barikot, Shamozo and Ghalegi) and month wise. It was concluded that out of 997 sam...
Waqas Ali1,*, Arshad Javid1, Syed Mohsin Bhukhari1, Ali Hussain1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2, Hira Rafique1
... useful to record data related to diversity, distribution and habitat preferences of amphibians and reptiles in any particular ecosystem. During past few years, a decline in amphibian and reptilian species attracted attention of the conservation biologists worldwide to monitor herpetofunal diversity for effective conservation planning and management. Different sampling techniques are appli...
Muhammad Umar1, Mubashar Hussain1,*, Ghulam Murtaza1, Farid Asif Shaheen2 , Fatima Zafar1
...Band tailed fish eagle, Black Stork and Water Pipit), pesticides (Gulls, Eagles, Terns, Ducks and Cormorants), eutrophication (Painted stork and Dalmatian pelican), Agrochemical Contamination (Black-tailed godwit and Fish bird) Heavy Metal Pollution Contamination (Cattle egrets), Unsustainable Fisheries Practices (Ducks), invasive species (Little egret and Night herone) and illegal hunting (Geese, Ducks, Siberian cranes and ...
Azhar Mehmood1,2,*, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem2, Muhammad Tahir2, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar3, Tasawer Abbas4, Ali Zohaib2, Hafiz Tassawar Abbas5
...ext-align: justify;">Imbalance use of nutrients is one of the main reasons of low yield of the sunflower. The use of essential macro and micronutrients in the right proportion and optimum quantity is the key factor to boost and sustain the crop productivity. Among plant nutrient deficiencies, nitrogen and boron limitation is the most prevailing problem in the world, which is involved in the decline of sunflower production. T...
Noor Fatima1, Muhammad Irfan2,*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1
...b> | In this study, cellulase enzyme production was assessed by pretreating cotton stalk with dilute sulphuric acid which was optimized through response surface methodology. Pretreatment conditions were optimized using three variable with three levels like sulfuric acid concentrations (0.6%, 0.8%, 1% v/v), biomass loading (5%, 10%, 15% w/v), and residence time (4, 6 and 8h). After pretreatment process, cellulase production w...
Muhammad Iftikharul Husnain1, Aneel Salman1, Inayatullah Jan2*, Tahir Mahmood3
...velihood of the mass population residing in South Asian countries. ...
Archana Naithani, Pongthep Suwanwaree* and Bartosz Nadolski
...s tristis)and Red collared dove(Streptopelia tranquebarica).The threatened status of birds given in the checklist is as per IUCN Red List of ThreatenedSpecies2017.The presence of Alexandrine parakeet (Psittacula eupatria) in the study, listed under the category ‘Near Threatened’ in the IUCN Red List, is a matter of concern.The findings of the present study would provide the baseline information ...
Mousa O. Germoush1,*, Mohsen G. Al-Mutary2, Ahmad R. Al-himaidi3, Muath G. Al-Ghadi3, Daisaku Iwamoto3,4, Yousef Al-anazi3, Aiman Ammari3, Javed Ahmad3,5, Abdulaziz Al-Khedhairy3,5
...ate the effect of follicular fluid supplementation on the oocyte in vitro maturation and early embryonic development after in vitro fertilization. Sheep follicular fluid (SFF) was collected from different ovaries and supplemented to the in vitro maturation (IVM) media with proportions 0%, 10%, 20% and 40%. Oocyte maturation was assessed in different treatments and then cumulus-oocyte complexes were used ...
Pei-Ying Peng1,2, Xian-Guo Guo1,2,* and Dao-Chao Jin2
...s of gamasid mite, Laelaps jinghaensis sp. nov., was described. The new species was collected from the body surface of red spiny rat, Maxomys surifer Miller, 1900 in Jingha, Yunnan province of southwest China. The sternal shield of L. jinghaensissp. nov. is deeply concave anteriorly with serrate internal sides. There are many distinct transverse lines in the presternal area where the sternal shield is deeply concave. By these morphological...
Nanjing Zeng1, Guanhua Liu1, Sibiao Wen1 and Feiyun Tu2,*
...ird species has been available. In order to investigate the bird diversity and avifauna of PLNNR, complete species checklist was strictly checked according to systematic analyses of species records from multisource. Fifty-seven species were newly recorded based on the previous study of 330 bird species. Six previously reported species were removed. We finally recorded 381 bird species, belonging to 18 orders 64 families, accounting for 27.8% of bird species in...
Huma Ayub1,Iftikhar Ahmad2, Syed Lal Shah3,*, Muhammad Zafarullah Bhatti4, Nuzhat Shafi5 and Mazhar Qayyum1
...tial distribution of zooplankton species at Chashma Lake during June 2014 to May 2015. The samples were collected from three partially separated stations of the Chashma Lake on a monthly basis. A total 42 species of zooplankton were identified from the Chashma Lake belonging to three taxa viz.; copepoda, rotifera and cladocera. The diversity of the zoopla
Jehangir Khan1,*, Rasheedullah1, Bakht Tarin Khan2, Ayaz Ahmad3, Muhammad Salman4 and Khalid Khan5
... of HCV in District Shangla, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). Blood samples from 900 individuals of various age groups were collected (August to November 2013) from patients at clinics, houses and pharmacies belonging to three Tehsils (Puran, Alpuri and Besham) of district Shangla. The Immuno-chromatographic (ICT) and enzyme linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) techniques were applied for the presence of anti-HCV, while RT-PCR was us...
Hamayun Khan1,*, Abdul Wahab1, Navaid Kazi2, Younas Muhammad1,Summaya Kazi3, Salman Kazi4, Azmatullah Khan1, Ikramullah Khan5 and Shakoor Ahmad1
...od urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). The current study demonstrated the ascertained value in amniotic fluid for glucose, total protein and albumin at day 18, 25 and 28 was 42.9±0.80, 37.4±0.90, 36.5±0.88mg/dl; 17.9±0.30, 16.1±0.22, 13.9±0.34g/l; 13.9±1.6,11.5±0.75, 8.8±0.15g/I whereas that of creatinine, triglyceride, BUN, ALT and AST at the correspon...
Najeeb Ullah1, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1, Niamat Ullah Khan2*, Muhammad Safdar Baloch1 and Ejaz Ahmad Khan1
...ypes. The experiment was laid out in split-plot within a randomized complete block design with three replications. Four irrigation intervals namely I1 (10 days interval), I2 (15 days interval), I3 (20 days interval) and I4 (25 days interval) were allotted to main plots while cotton genotypes (CIM-602 and CIM-616) were assigned to subplots having 10 m×3 m. Results revealed that cotton crop irrigated at 20 days interval showed greater bolls per p
Nihal Ahmad Hadi, Shahid Ali* and Umer Wahid
...hastic frontier Cobb-Douglas type production function. Results indicated the mean technical efficiency of 0.89 with the range of 0.63 to 0.97. This implies that farmers having average technical efficiency level can increase broiler output by 8% to reach to the frontier output by using best management practices with available farm resources and technology. Results further revealed that day old checks, feed intake and
Habibullah* and Sahib Alam
...tive stage of wheat. Similarly, the effect of both residual biochar and different N levels was not significant (p≥0.05) on soil EC. However, at maturity stage of wheat crop soil OM, was significantly (p≤0.05) increased with biochar residues and N applications, whereas soil pH was only influenced by residual biochar. The effect of N was not significant (p≥0.05) on soil pH and EC at maturity stage of wheat crop. As biochar improve the soil physicochemic...
Felicia NkechiEkeh*, Ifeanyi Oscar Ndimkaoha Aguzie, Joy Ihuoma Nzei, Chinenye Maria-Goretti Ohanu, Godwin Ikechukwu Ngwu and ChukwudiebubeUgolo
...tion of Dermestes maculatus infestation on sundried catfish, Clarias gariepinus was studied. Ethanolic extracts of P. guineense and C. annum fruits were prepared using Soxhlet extractor. In a split-plot design comprising the two extracts in different concentrations, a total of 63 sundried adult C. gariepinus of mean weight 111.47 ± 2.34g were randomized into three treatment groups A ...
Liumeng Zheng1, Yanmei Wang1, Jiagui Zhu2, Ke Wang2, Dejing Cai2, Yuanzhao Qin3, Yuming Guo3, Hongxing Niu1,* and Yanzhen Bu1,*
...self-sustaining wild population outside the Qinling Mountains, where crested ibis was first reintroduced. The aim of this study was to detect suitable habitat areas, and evaluate the factors affecting the distribution of the crested ibis. We used a maximum entropy model with seven environmental variables to evaluate habitat suitability. Our results indicate that the current reserve may be too small to meet the crested ibises’ needs in the future, and we ...
Kashifa Naghma Waheed1,2,*, Zaid Mehmood2 and Sikender Hayat1
... its multi-elemental availability was taken into consideration to check its feasibility as an aqua-fertilizer. Eighteen elements including essential macro-elements, essential trace elements and non-essential toxic elements were quantitatively analyzed in sugar press mud by ICP-OES following protocols of AOAC from five randomly selected sugar mills situated in South Punjab, Pakistan. It was observed that the samples contained potential amounts of essential elem...
Nadia Faqir1, Aish Muhammad2*, Ghulam Muhammad Ali2, Armghan Shehzad2, Hafeez Ur Rahman3, Farhatullah4 and Muhammad Zeeshan Hyder5
...ltivars (Dhaki, Aseel, Halawi, Qantar, Hamin wali, Kupra and Shakri) grown in Pakistan were characterized on the basis of seventeen morphological traits, five parameter of proximate composition of date fruit and sequence analysis of two genes (maturase k and geranyl geranyl biphosphate reductase) from chloroplast region. Analysis of variance has revealed significant variation among the studied date palm samples pertaining to...
Murad Khan1* and Muhammad Afzal2
...hsils, namely Adinzai, Balambat, Timergara and Sumerbagh were purposively selected during the year 2015. From these tehsils, 92 poultry farms were selected proportionately from total 460 poultry farms and data were collected on structured questionnaire. The sample farms were categorized into three groups i.e. small, medium and large. For analysing the data, profit function and multiple regression model, analysis of variance ...
Leila A. Kaimbayeva1,*, Elena S. Malysheva2, Rashit Kazikhanov3 and Saule R. Kazikhanova4
...diately processed for isolation of muscular fibers and were evaluated for the pH, water-binding power, activities of tissue enzymes and microstructure changes. The results of chemical analysis revealed the nature of protein substances, altered рН value of the meat and the intensity of glycolysis. All these parameters were indicative of autolysis process in the meat. The levels of water-binding capacity and struct...
Amna Kausar1,2, Sana Anwar1, Naila Siddique2, Safia Ahmed1 and Javid Iqbal Dasti1,*
...her processed for the isolation of virus by embryonated egg inoculation technique. Moreover, out of 507 samples, 479 serum samples were scrutinized by enzyme linked immunosorbent essay (ELISA). Sero-prevalence of AIV among different species of wild birds was as follows; peacock (n=35; 14%), duck (n=5; 2%), migratory water fowl (n=3; 1%), pheasant (n=2; 0.8%), grey leg goose (n=1; 0.4%), turkey (n=1; 0.4%), eagle (n=1; 0.4%) ...
Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1,*, Waseem Akram2, Sumi Lee3, Shakir Manzoor1, Syed Rajab Ayub1, Khalil Ur Rehman1, Shinawar Waseem Ali1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha1 and Sumaira Maqsood1
...ide; however, there is a lack of information in Pakistan. In the present study, one laboratory reference strain and five field strains each of, Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium castaneum, were collected from Punjab, and assessed for their susceptibility to spinosad via diet incorporation bioassays. Based on median lethal concentration (LC50) values, all the strains of S...
Mohammad Javad Golmohammadi1, Hamid Reza Mohammaddoust Chamanabad1*, Bijan Yaghoubi2 and Mostafa Oveisi3
...st weed management until land preparation for re-cultivation. In order to determine the frequency and relative cover (RC), the samples were collected from 481 fields during the growing season and 255 fields after harvesting rice in Guilan province (Iran) from 2014 to 2016 (from April to March of each year) based on the method of Thomas by throwing 0.5m × 0.5m quadrat to count existin...
Muhammad Waqar Yasin*, Mobushir Riaz Khan and Muhammad Amin
Mahwish Rehman1*, Sajjad Ahmad1, Maqsood Shah1 and Inamullah Khan2
...ms that V. jacobsoni population is not present in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region of Pakistan. ...
Feroza Haider1,2, Shamim Gul2,3*, Javaid Hussain4, Sadaf Asalam Ghori5, Muhammad Naeem Shahwani6, Muhammad Murad6 and Abdul Manan Kakar7
...th performance and accumulation of chromium, iron, manganese and zinc in the edible parts (roots) of Brassica rapa (turnip) under groundwater and wastewater irrigation. Biochars were applied at 0.25, 0.5 and 1 kg m-2 to soil. Amendment of biochar increased significantly the aboveground plant biomass by 28% - 34.3% under groundwater and 18.3% - 30.4% under wastewater irrigation. Dry weight of root biomass increased by 16.1% -...
Urooba Pervaiz1, Abdus Salam1, Dawood Jan2, Ayesha Khan1 and Mahmood Iqbal1
...mato cultivation. Two villages were randomly selected from each union council. All tomato growers given training by the extension department were selected for interview, thus 104 respondents were interviewed for the study through well-structured interview schedule. Paired t-test was used for the comparison before and after training.The results show that 43% of the respondents were young, literate (85%), owner cultivator (49%), majority (81%) have total tomato ...
Shuai Shang1,2, Honghai Zhang2,*, Xiaoyang Wu2, Qinguo Wei2, Jun Chen1, Huanxin Zhang1, Huaming Zhong2 and Xuexi Tang1,*
... Tas2r genes may play a critical role in food selection of raccoon dogs. Thus, we explored the evolution of Tas2r genes in raccoon dogs. In this study, Tas2r genes including eleven intact genes and four pseudogenes from raccoon dogs were identified for the first time. We also obtained Tas2r genes from fourteen additional species based on their genome sequences and our previous study, including thirteen carnivorous species and one om...
Jiji Li*, Tianyang Zu, Xiangli Dong, Xiao Yang, Wei Liu and Changwen Wu
...ene expression and molecular characteristics of three members of the CC family of chemokines: 1) dual chemokine ligand CCL17; 2) homeostatic chemokines ligand CCL21; and 3) CCL24 in response to bacterial challenge in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). The results revealed that the immunological effect of CCLs in the croaker is weaker than that of other fish, and revealed the infectivity of the
Abdur Rehman1*, Wang Jian2, Noor Khan3 and Raheel Saqib3
...se farmers faced price volatility risk of major agricultural crops. The main purpose of this article is to compute and determine exactly the sizes and degrees of major crops market risk. The market risk analysis of major crops such as coarse grain rice, wheat, corn, cotton and soybean are determined using the VaR (Value at Risk) model. The practical consequences indicated that the normal distribution model is not appropriate used in evaluating the major crops ...
Sher Nawab Khan* and Ghulam Hassan
...ld of the department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during 2014-15 and 2015-16. Eight bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties i.e., Atta-Habib (AH), Lalma-13 (Lal-13), Tatara-96 (Tat-96), Punjab-11 (PJ-11), Pirsabak-2005 (PS-05), Pirsabak-2013 (PS-13), Janbaz (JB) and land race Khatakwal (KW) were crossed in 8×8 full diallel pattern to identify ...
Zakirullah Jan1, Shamsher Ali1*, Tariq Sultan2, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Zahir Shah1 and Farmanullah Khan1
...mbiotic association with large numbers of plants and microbial mats. In this regard, a pot experiment was carried out with the aim to assess the impact of different strains of cyanobacteria on rice crop growth and nutrients uptake under saline soil condition at National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Islamabad Pakistan during summer 2016. A total of 18 experimental pots were induced ...
Imran Khan1, Zahir Shah2, Wiqar Ahmad3*, Farmanullah Khan2 and Muhammad Sharif2
...tatus under different tillage practices. Randomized Complete Block Split Plot Design with three replications was used for the study where nutrient inputs were allotted to sub-plots whilst tillage practices were studied in main plots. Nutrient input consisted of Farmer’s fertilizer practice (FP; N:P2O5:K2O=60:45:00 kg ha-1), Recommended dose (RD; N:P2O5:K2O=120:90:60 kg ha-1), Farmyard manure (FYM) alone at the rate of ...
Habib-ur-Rehman1, Masood Ahmed Siddiqui1,*, Abdul Qayyum1, Arifa Bano1 and Naeem Rashid2
....
...
Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar1,*, Hummaira Iqbal1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2, Haseena Ghulam Muhammad1 and Muhammad Irfan1
...der Cyrtophora citricola, was observed. Live spiders for the study were collected from citrus orchards of Sargodha and maintained individually in the laboratory. Both the control and insecticide treated spiders were offered larvae of Drosophila melanogaster in different densities. C. citrico
Ghulam Muhae-ud-Din1,4, Anam Moosa1, Umer Farooq Ghummen1, Muhammad Jabran1, Amjad Abbas1, Muhammad Naveed2, Abdul Jabbar1 and Muhammad Amjad Ali1,3,*
...> is the most dangerous plant parasitic nematode species that infects a huge number of crop plants. It also infects the ornamental plants resulting in a serious growth-limiting factor in ornamentals. In this study, the response of ten ornamental plants to M. incognita was assessed in pot experiments. All the ornamental pla...
Muhammad Suhaib1*, Ijaz Ahmad2, Masooma Munir3, Badar-Uz-Zaman1, Bushra Atta4 and Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar5
...d that damage the vital plant organelles causing disturbances in the normal functioning of the plant and even may lead to death in severe cases. The results of this study conferred that there were genotypic variation found in two genotypes regarding salinity tolerance. SARC-4 was found to tolerate more salt stress as compared to Parwaz-94 and performed better at both salinity levels then Parwaz-94. Salicylic acid induced imp...
Mehran Ali, Inamullah*, Sajjad Ahmad and Arsalan Khan
...the effect of various tillage implements and nitrogen sources on maize yield and soil organic matter. Randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement having four replications was used. Tillage implements (mould board plough, rotavator, disk harrow and cultivator) were applied in main plots while nitrogen sources (control, cattle manure, poultry manure, sheep manure, mushroom spent, mungbean residue and urea) in ...
Baharullah Khattak1*, Saifullah2, Shaukat Hussain2, Musharraf Ahmad2, Asad Ali2, Mohammad Junaid2, Ijaz Ahmad Khan3, Taj Ali Khan1 and Mubbashir Hussain1
...management of important plant pathogens including root knot nematodes (RKN). In the present studies, 15 isolates of Trichoderma harzianum were collected from different the root knot nematodes-infested tomato field of Malakand and Swat, Pakistan. These isolates were tested for their nematocidal effects against Meloidogyne javanica. Anti-J2 antagonistic te...
Madeeha Alamzeb1, Shazma Anwar1, Asif Iqbal1,2*, Song Meizhen2, Mazhar Iqbal3, Sara4, Muhammad Ramzan2 and Afza Tabassum1
...d mineral nitrogen both plays an important role in improving soil fertility and crop productivity. Field experiment was conducted at The Agronomy Research Farm of The University of Agriculture Peshawar, during winter 2015 to investigate the effect of organic sources (cattle, sheep and poultry manure each at 5 t ha-1) and nitrogen levels (0, 75, 100, 125 and 150 kg ha-1) on dry matter partitioning of wheat under tillage syste...
Safdar Ali1*, Obaidullah Shafique1, Tariq Mahmood2, Muhammad Amir Hanif1, Ijaz Ahmed3 and Bashir Ahmad Khan4
...;"> Nanotechnology plays a significant role in promoting agriculture and agricultural products. Agriculture and food industry aims for the sustainability and the protection of agricultural products, including crops for human and livestock. Nanotechnology helps in the manufacturing of innovative agrochemicals and novel delivery mechanisms to enhance crop production and decrease in pesticide use. Nanotechnology also contributes in increasing the crop yield ...
Qasim Iqbal1, Safdar Ali1*, Muhammad Naveed Tahir1, Obaidullah Shafique1, Bashir Ahmed Khan2, Ijaz Ahmad3 and Ihsanullah Khan4
...Research Center (NARC) Islamabad, Pakistan, during August to December, 2016, to evaluate different exotic sunflower hybrids for their performance and adaptability in the field area of NARC. Twelve sunflower hybrids including one check i.e. SF-16013, SF-16007, SF-16010, SF-16005, SF-16006, SF-16002, SF-16008, SF-16004, SF-16011, SF16003, SF-160011, Hysun-33 were studied in the experiment. The experiments were carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design with...
Arshad Mahmood Malik1, Khalid Mahmood Mughal2, Sarfraz Ahmed Mian2 and Atta Ullah Khan2
... in specially developed glasshouses under controlled weather conditions during summer and winter. Rising population and stagnancy both in yield of vegetables and cultivated area of the country, are negatively affecting food supply in Pakistan. Supply of hydroponics products provides solution to the problem of decade old stagnancy in yield of the vegetables especially tomato to cater the increasing demand due to gigantic popu...
Saleem Ashraf1*, Ashiq Hussain Sangi1Zakaria Yousaf Hassan3 and Muhammad Luqman2
...f secondary data to calculate compound growth and forecast area, production and average yield in the Punjab Pakistan For this purpose, data collected from government reports for the period of 1990-2017 was criticaly examined. Empirical results indicated that area under cultivation showed negative compound growth rate while production and average yield showed positive compound growth in Pakistan. While, in Punjab, compound growth rate of area under cotton culti...
Yakup Erdal Erturk1, Adem Aksoy2 and Mohammad Masood Tariq3,*
...e), social security (available and unavailable), husbandry experience of farmer (year), farmer`s irrigated, dry and pasturage land, live weight before fattening, and fattening period. Predictive accuracy of MARS algorithm was evaluated using coefficient of determination (R2), Standard Deviation Ratio (SDRATIO), Generalized Cross Validation (GCV) and Pearson`s corre
Muhammad Shahbaz Aslam1, Iram Gull1, Zaigham Abbas2,* and Muhammad Amin Athar1
...ation of interferon stimulated genes which mediate its anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic properties. Similarly, Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα-1) helps to fight against different infections such as cancer and hepatitis with its immune modulating properties as well as through its direct action on target cells. The recombinant expression of some proteins in E. coli produces inclusion...
Pasqua Rotondi1, Maria Antonietta Colonna1, Giuseppe Marsico1, Francesco Giannico1, Marco Ragni1 and Anna Maria Facciolongo2,*
...composition of intramuscular lipids. Twenty-one three-week-old kids were divided into three homogeneous groups (n = 7), according to age and body weight, and assigned to one of the following feeding treatments: C) control: commercial pelleted feed; L) pelleted feed containing 3% extruded linseed; LO) pelleted feed containing 3% extruded linseed and 0.6% dried oregano inflorescences. Kids were slaughtered at 60 days of age. D...
Aqeela Ashraf1,2,*, Muhammad Imran1 and Yung-Fu Chang2
...nce of E. coli isolates from bovine mastitis and identification of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes associated with them. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method. Resistance and virulence genes were detected by PCR. The results showed that 100% of isolates were resistant to penicillin, 54% to ampicillin, 44% to tetracycline and 30% to streptomycin, while none of them was...
Ayesha Munir, Hafiz Muhammad Umer, Anjum Nasim Sabri and Imran Sajid*
...tans strains were isolated from carious lesions on Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin agar along with twenty potentially active Streptomyces strains were isolated from the soil of agriculture farmlands. The biochemical and physiological characterization along with the molecular identification by 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed that caries iso
Hongqun Li1, Xiaoli Liu2,*, Zhenmin Lian3,RenheWang4, Yongbin Wang4, Yongyao Fu1 andDingyi Wang5
...easants was negatively related to cover of shrubs, and first-order interaction between cover of trees and cover of shrub at a height of 1.0 m, suggesting bigger cover of shrubs, cover of trees and cover of shrub at height of 1.0 m were the best predictors of nest success from a diverse predator community. In addition, brown-eared pheasants have a preference for rock-cavities. Therefore, based on nest-site selection of this eared pheasant, we strongly suggest t...
Niamatullah Kakar, Farhat Abbas, Muhammad Shafee and Tauseef Asmat*
...roscopy and culture inoculation for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Moreover, the suspected samples were further investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Three samples were found positive by PCR test while other detection methods were not that sensitive to detect the tuberculosis at that stage. Two patients were reported with history of tuberculosis but were effectively treated before imprisonment. On age basis, 128...
Muhammad Mohsin Ahsan1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2,*, Khizar Samiullah3
...mited information is available on these animals especially in Punjab province of Pakistan. Furthermore, distributional pattern and habitat structure of known species is also ambiguous. In this study, we report the scorpion Androctonus finitimus (Pocock, 1897) from several areas of Punjab, Pakistan. This scorpion species has not been previously documented from this part of the country, highlighting the wide distribution of this specie across the country....
Huma Naz1,*, Sajid Abdullah2, Sidra Naz3, Sidra Abbas2, Wardah Hassan2, Shakeela Perveen2, Moazama Batool1, Laiba Shafique2
...e fish, Cirrhina mrigala was determined in this research work. The fish were exposed to each of the 19 different concentrations (5-90 mg/L) of Fe+Zn+Pb+Ni mixture to determine 96 h LC50 and lethal concentration. During acute toxicity test, behavioral changes and catalase activity in liver, kidney, gills, brain and muscle of the fish were also studied. The mean 96 h LC50 and lethal value for C....
Farah Rauf Shakoori1,*, Anum Feroz1, Ayesha Gondal1,Sahar Akram2 and Tanzeela Riaz3
... biochemical effects of λ-cyhalothrin on carbohydrate metabolism and macromolecular concentrations of 4th and 6th instar larvae of a stored product pest, Trogoderma granarium. The LC50 values of λ-cyhalothrin for 4th and 6th instar larvae of La...
Ambrina Hafiz1, Tanzeela Riaz2 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1,*
...ltamethrin-resistant populations of Trogoderma granarium collected from some godowns of Punjab. The level of various esterases like total esterases, cholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase, arylesterase and carboxylesterase in 4th, 6th instar larvae and adult beetles of deltamethrin-resistant populations’ viz., Gujranwa...
Muhammad Adeeb Babar1,*, Sayyad Ghyour Abbas1, Muhammad Akbar Khan1, Kiran Aftab2, Muhammad Hanif1, Muhammad Asim1 and Muhammad Akhtar1
...alik deposits of Potwar Plateau, Pakistan has been described. The remains are recovered from the outcrops, situating in three districts of Punjab, namely Kaulial Kas in Attock district, Dhok Pathan in Chakwal district, and Hasnot and Padhri in Jhelum district, Punjab, Pakistan. The outcrops date to Dhok Pathan formation (Late Miocene – Early Pliocene). The identified cervid species include Rucervus cf. simplicidens, Cervus cf. triplidens...
Baoying Guo*1, Yu Chen1, Chuan Zhang2, Zhenming Lv1, Kaida Xu3, Hongling Ping4 and Huilai Shi4
...trees estimating their relationships. The genome was 16,228 bp and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 2 long-noncoding regions [both in the control regions (CR)]. The composition and order of genes in S. lycidas were similar to those of most other invertebrates. The overall base composition of S. lycidas is 35.8% T, 14.8% C, 41.3% A, and 8.1% G, with extremely h...
Ashraf Sayed Awaad1 and Mohamed Zaki Fathy2*
...r the selected new site (last inter-lumber space (L5-L6). The latter was compared with the L6-S space by gross anatomy, CT and image analysis. The results showed wider lumen of the vertebral canal at L5- L6 and the space between the inner part of the vertebrae and the spinal cord is wider than those at the level of L6- S. Moreover, the space between the spinous processes in this area was 1.58 ±0.089 cm and easily to b...
Saima Rani*, Hassnian Shah, Nusrat Habib and Muhammad Azeem Khan
...primary sources from Islamabad in Pakistan. The determinants of willingness to pay of consumers estimated by using the probit model. The model contains the information of socioeconomic characteristics, awareness and preferences of organic vegetables and product attributes. The empirical findings indicate that age, employment status, income, education, number of children, taste, no chemical residual, high nutritional value, freshness and colour of the veget...
Ghufran ul Haq1*, Muhammad Arif2, Asad Ali2 and Mian Inayatullah3
...irus (TYLCV) and the population of its vector, whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci), and determine the transmission properties of the prevalent isolate of the virus in the major tomato growing areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). For this purpose, surveys were conducted in the hilly areas of Mohmand Agency and Malakand Agency and plains of Shabqadar, Charsadda and P...
Muhammad Adnan Khan1*, Majid Suhail Hashmi1, Ali Muhammad1, Muhammad Muneeb1, Haris Bilal1 and Gul Wali2
...d sensory properties as flavor, color and overall acceptability. Samples were stored for three months and readings were recorded at every 15 days interval. During storage intervals, TSS increased from 48.0 to 51.31°Brix, pH increased 3.82 to 4.25, titratable acidity decreased from 1.02 to 0.86%, reducing sugar increased from 16.50 to 17.76%, non-reducing sugar decreased from 28.25 to 26.98%, ascorbic acid decreased from 19.11 to 15.65mg/100g, mean score of...
Nashwa Mohamed Eid1, Al-Hussien Mohamed Dahshan1, El-Shayma El-Nahass2, Basma Shalaby3 and Ahmed Ali1*
...ld broilers were fed a balanced ration with addition of thyme (0.25%) or clove (0.125%). Birds were then challenged with CP (1×108 CFU) together with another 2 groups without EOs at 15 days of age. Starting from 3 days’ post infection (DPI), the second 2 set of birds without EOs addition were fed ration containing 0.25% and 0.125% thyme and clove oils as treatment in comparison to an antibiotic control group using for 5 days. The results showed tha...
Mohammed Al Bratty1, Hassan A. Alhazmi1, Somaya Jadoh Ogdi1, Jana Ahmad Otaif1, Abdul Jabbar Al-Rajab2, Mohammad Firoz Alam3 andSadique Akhtar Javed1,*
...al exposure to human population. In the present study, concentration levels of seven heavy metals were measured in different body parts of Baladi chicken from Jazan region, Saudi Arabia using Inductively Coupled-Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The concentrations of heavy metals in various chicken parts were recorded to be in the range of nd-0.01, 0.07-0.18, 1.08-3.95, 9.61-...
Mehmet Aydın*
...ace length (CL)-weight relationships of the fiveDecapoda species (Pachygrapsus marmoratus, Carcinus aestuarii, Liocarcinus depurator, Liocarcinus navigator, and Eriphia verrucosa) living in the Black Sea. The crab samples were obtained between 2010 and 2016 by SCUBA, trawl, trammel net, and dredges at six locations (Kastamonu, Sinop, Samsun, Ordu, Giresun, and Trabzon). Total carapace length (CL) and wei...
Muhammad Shahbaz1,*, Muhammad Anwar Iqbal1, Arshad Javid2, Abu ul Hassan Faiz1, Irfan3 and Muhammad Irshad Arshad4
...icts viz. Gujranwala, Hafizabad and Mandi Bhauddinin, Pakistan were surveyed to explore bat fauna of genus Pipistrellus in central Punjab from January 2015 to December 2016. A total of 172 specimens of genus Pipistrellus belonging to six species i.e. P. pipistrellus (n = 43), P. paterculus (n = 12), P. javanicus (n = 39), P. tenuis (n = 18), P. cylonicus (n = 40) and P. dormeri (n = 20) were captur...
Rehman-Ud-din* and Naeem-Ur-Rehman Khattak
... a selection of three villages in each district under simple random selection. In this way, a sample size of 175 farmers was randomly selected from nine villages on a proportional basis. The study reveals that a large number of both types of farmers are neither completely mechanised nor completely non-mechanised. Majority of the farmers in each type of farmers do not have their own farming...
Usman Shakoor1, Ali Nasir2, Mudassar Rashid1, Muhammad Iftikhar-ul-Husnain1, Nabila Khurshid1 and Zuhair Husnain2
...of Pakistan’s legislators in formalizing an agricultural tax regime has unequivocally induced critical structural weaknesses in the fiscal machinery. Addressing the concern, the study has analysed the impact of agriculture taxes on the share of agriculture GDP of Pakistan and empirically investigated the long run relationship between the variables using time series data for last 23 y...
Ye Gong, Nehafta Bibi and Haitao Wang*
...arin duck Aix galericulata in a secondary forest in Northeast China, we found mixed clutches that contained eggs of Mandarin duck and other species over 11 breeding seasons (2004 - 2014). We monitored the frequency of occurrence and the fate of eggs in those nests and recorded fourteen cases of mixed clutches that contained Mandarin duck eggs. Nine cases were classified as successful nest usurpation: in six cases nest...
Zeqin Fu, Yunfang Tian, Yingying Ye*, Pengzhi Qi and Changwen Wu
...enetic diversity and population structure and provide more in-depth understanding of Mytilus coruscus.
...
Thomas W. Clark
...en by science, in particular neuroscience as it maps the brain processes that mediate choice and behavior. Where the soul once presided, there are, it turns out, only neurons in fantastically complex structures which somehow maintain the coherent psychological and behavioral pattern – character, beliefs, desires – that constitutes each of us as a person. The feeling of being a singular self that owns these charac...
Fazul Nabi1,2, Hui Zhang1, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal1 , Mujeeb ur Rehman1, Muhammad Shahzad3, Khalid Mehmood1,3 and Jiakui Li1,*
...v>...
Fayaz Ahmad1*, Noorullah Khan1, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Qamar uz Zaman1, Shamsul Islam1, Muhammad Abbas Khan1 and Sair Sarwar2
...owth. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Mature tea plants (26 year old) of Qi-men variety were deeply pruned (30 cm from the ground level by completely defoliating the bushes) on five different dates i.e., November, December, 2012, January, February and March, 2013 having one month interval. Application of potash fertilizer @ 90,120 and 150 kg ha-1 was also compared with...
Wiqar Ahmad1* and Farmanullah Khan2
...N1/2PKF over the RD. Similarly, the cropping pattern effect was significant during 2007 only and the cereal-legume rotation showed 9 and 12% higher GY over the cereal-cereal+legumes intercrop and cereal-cereal rotation, respectively. With regard to soil properties and nutrient status, the N1/2PKF improved the total N, OM and EC by 33, 64 and 11%, respectively, macro (NPK) and micro (Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) nutrients, from 8% to nearly 2-fold, bulk density (ρ) l...
Muhammad Ismaeel1,2*, Syed Mehar Ali Shah1, Aziz Ur Rahman1 and Mian Ahmad Raza1
...enotypes for yield and related parameters at The University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistan, during 2011. Thirty rice genotypes including 14 parents and 16 F1 hybrids were replicated twice in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Rice genotypes reflected significant differences (P≤0.01) for all the traits. Among the rice parents, Bas-6129 and Bas-370 showed the highest values for grains panicle-1 (214.0) while IR-8 displa
Samiullah*, Mohammad Aslam Khan and Atta-ur-Rahman
...ly analyses the nexus of landholdings and farm fragmentation (FF) in Peshawar City District, Pakistan. In order to achieve objectives of the study, data were collected from revenue department and field survey. For micro level analysis, five villages were randomly selected for detailed and intensive study. In addition to questionnaire survey, detailed focused group discussion was also arranged with the key stakeholders. The a...
Nadia Saeed1,Mian Sayed Khan2, Habib Ahmad3, Muhammad Abdullah4 and Muzafar Shah5,*
...nut trees infested with plant parasitic nematodes were treated with different organic amendments pigeon manure, horse dung, cow dung, duck manure and castor oil cakes at the rate of 8 Kg/tree and saw dust at the rate of 10kg/tree, respectively. Untreated trees were kept for the comparison. Soil samples and sub samples of both treated and untreated trees after 3, 6 and 12 month from Abbottabad and Mansehra by using Bearmann funnel technique. After Quantitative ...
Farrukh Jamil*, Samra Raheel and Haroon Rasheed
...acterial tHbs due to its large size, polar heme pocket residues and large cavity for exogenous ligand in the heme pocket. The crystal structures of HGbIV showed that its heme pocket can accommodate and interact with bulky PO4-3 ion. Here, we have docked different smaller molecules/ion like O2, NO, CO, CO2, NO3-1, CH3
Gulnaz Malik1, Abdul Qadir1 and Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan2,*
...h S. oryzae under laboratory conditions. The toxicities of spinosad, emamectin benzoate, lufenuron and thiamethoxam increased 2.65, 1.59, 1.64 and 3.00 folds (positive temperature coefficient), respectively, with increasing temperature. The positive temperature coefficients of all the tested insecticides suggest that these insecticides may provide effective control of rice weevils under high temperature conditions.
...
Xiangbin Meng1,Tianxiang Gao2, Chunhou Li3, Na Song1, Lu Liu1, Liqin Liu2 and Xiumei Zhang1,*
...ine cephalopoda. The availability of highly polymorphic markers will be important to promote the conservation of this species. We performed next-generation sequencing and de novo assembly to obtain potential useful microsatellite markers for S. esculenta. Among 80 tested microsatellite markers, 19 showed polymorphism among S. esculenta individuals. The allele number of all polymorphic microsatellite markers ranged from 6 to 10. Expected an...
Abdur Rahman1,*, Ibrahim Sadi Cetingul2, Ismail Bayram2, Cangir Uyarlar2, Abdil Burhaneddin Akkaya2, Eyup Eren Gultepe2, Hikmet Keles3, Aykut Ulucan4 and Zafar Hayat1
...kness of the tunica muscularis was higher in group C while other groups like D, E and F showed reduction in thickness compared to control group. Overall, this study data suggest that group D, which was supplemented with 3% dried oregano leaves, showed better performance than control. We conclude here that Oregano dried leaves may have the potential activity to modify the gut morphology and can result in better performance of the quail by increasing the nutrien...
Nausheen Irshad1,*, Imran Yousaf1, Tariq Mahmood2 and Muhammad Saeed Awan1
...abitat. There is general lack of formal studies on the species. A survey was conducted from June to December 2014 to document existence of the leopard in Abbaspur area, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Direct field observations (opportunistic survey) and indirect observations based on signs of the species were recorded. This was supplemented with information collected through questionnaire survey. Results confirmed the occurrence of leopard at six out of twelve samplin...
Muhammad Asim Khan1,*, Shahid Niaz Khan1, Sanaullah Khan2, Abdul Jabbar Khan3, Muhammad Adnan4, Nawab Ali5 and Ijaz Ali6
...y for the detection of malarial parasites. In the Southern districts, the overall incidence of Plasmodium slides positivity was 52.47% of which 91.07% were identified as Plasmodium vivax and 6.23% as P. falciparum and 2.69 was 43.62%, of which Plasmodium vivax were 91.2%, Plasmodium falci...
Tariq Mukhtar
...n that the indigenous isolates of T. harzianum and T. viride have the potential to control M. incognita.
...
Tariq Mahmood1,*, Shafqat Rasool1, Faraz Akrim1, Shaista Andleeb1, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem2 and Fiaz Nadeem3
...species inhabiting Margalla Hills National Park, Islamabad (MHNP). Three owl species viz., Spotted Owlet (Athene brama), Little owlet (Athene noctua) and the Tawny Owl (Strix aluco) were recorded from the park at five different sampling sites, at elevations ranging from 615 m to 655 m above sea level. Only one of the three species Tawny owl was previously known from the park while the other ...
Abdul Samad1, Ferhat Abbas1, Zafar Ahmad1, Olena Pokryrshko2 and Tauseef M Asmat1,*
...aminants like Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni and E. coli (O157:H7) in various types of food items consumed locally. Total of 800 most common food samples such as chicken, beef meat, raw milk, vegetables and salad samples were collected from retail market, the overall contamination of food samples with infectious agents was 48.37%. Campylobacter jejuni was recorded mu...
Jun Chen1, Shuai Shang2, Xiaoyang Wu1, Jiakuo Yan1, Huaming Zhong1, Huanxin Zhang2, Weilai Sha1, Wanchao Zhu1 and Honghai Zhang1,*
... it to absorb and digest large amounts of plant material through microbial fermentation in the hindgut. So far, there has been no study of the gut microbiota of the cape oryx. Here, we provided the first description of the fecal bacterial populations of the cape oryx by using high-throughput Illumina sequencing technology. We analyzed 100,180 high-quality sequences of the 16S rRNA gene obt...
Hazrat Nabi1, Irshad Hussain2, Muhammad Adil3, Amar Nasir3,*, Arbab Sikandar3, Saeed Khan1 and Nasrullah Khan3
...n day 14th. Aflatoxins derived from Aspergillus parasiticus were mixed in the feed measuring 150 ppb and fed to various broiler groups. Mycotoxin binders were also added into the feed and offered to group E and F from 14th-42nd day of age. The impact of mycotoxin binders on antibody titer against New Castle disease virus, feed consumption, weight gain, relative weights of lymphoid orga...
Hasina Baloch1, Rahmatullah Rind2,*, Muhammad Rafique Rind3, Viram Kumar4, Nazia Baloch5 and Rajesh K. Oad6
...ith 4 to 7 calves. A similar trend of significant influence of the number of parity on the prevalence (39.72%) of subclinical mastitis was also noted in animals given more than 7 parity. Significant role of the humid hot summer month (August) on the occurrence of apparent and non-apparent mastitis in buffaloes was determined. The soil bedding material played significant role in the prevalence of both, clinical&nb...
Tengfei Lu1, Wenhua Pei1, Shuang Zhang2, Yangnan Wu1, Fenghao Chen2, Xiao Han2 and Weijun Guan1,*
...ifferentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and hepatocyte-like cells after procedure induction. The results showed that the AMSCs obtained from sheep demonstrated the features of multipotent stem cells. Therefore, AMSCs could be a good option for transplantation for treatment and regenerative medical projects.
...
Shamsher Ali1*, Sarmad Khan1, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Naveed ullah4, Muhammad Rashid3 and Wiqar Ahmad1
... weeks after emergence. Plants growth was observed for three weeks after emergence. Statistical analysis of the data showed that both soils and varieties significantly (p<0.05) affected per cent emergence and growth. Interactions between soils and varieties were significant (p <0.05) regarding emergence and plant heights. From the interactions it is clear that under normal soil conditions, emergence percentage of Pirsa...
Muhammad Zulfiqar1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Irshad Khan Abbasi2, Muhammad Tariq2, Jawad Ali3, Melad Karim4 and Rizwan Ahmad1
...e will result in waning glacier based freshwater availability in future. River Indus fed by glaciers is critical for Pakistan as it is irrigating its 80% of agricultural land. Shigari Kalan watershed is one of the water sheds located in Skardu, Northern Pakistan, which also contributes to River Indus flowing to Pakista...
Chicken Embryo Fibroblasts are Effective Cells to Study the Function of Chicken Neurexophilin 1 Gene
Dongmei Sun, Meiling Chen, Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad, Yun Liu, Xunping Jiang and Guiqiong Liu*
...on, chicken embryo fibroblasts (DF-1 cells) and Hela cells. The immunocytochemistry results showed that neurexophilin 1 was expressed in both the epithelial cells of chicken genital tract and DF-1 cells. Immunofluorescence revealed that neurexophilin 1 was expressed in cytoplasm as well as cell nucleus of chicken fibroblasts and He<...
Sumaira Maqsood1,*, Muhammad Afzal2, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel2, Waqas Wakil3 and Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1,*
...dy three commercial formulations of biorational insecticides viz., Bacillus thuringiensis (DiPel®), NPV (SpltNPV) and Flubendiamide (Belt®) evaluated (alone and in combination) against S. litura under field condition. Minimum plant infestation (7.60±0.40%) was observed three days after application when B. thuringiensis and flubendiamide were applied in c...
Fatma Abdallah1*, Ola Hassnain2, Elsayed Attar3, Haytham Ali3,5, Mohamed Megahed1 and Venugopal Nair4
... of the MDV strains circulating in the Egyptian poultry flocks during 2015 -2016 was conducted. Twenty one vaccinated chicken flocks suffering from different form of lymphomas, representing different governorates in the Egyptian Delta, were screened for MDV infection. Pathological findings in the visceral tumours and presence of viral DNAs with variable mitotic figures were observed in the examined visceral organs. Eight samples were screened positive for the ...
Mingming Ning1,2, Yanjie Zheng1, Yuanyuan Dun1, Weijun Guan2 and Xiuxia Li1,*
...ng and optimizing the isolation and culture methods of chicken amniotic fluid stem cells (CAFSCs) in vitro, characterizing CAFSCs and inducing CAFSCs to differentiate into three layers. Methods and results include that more CAFSCs are gained via thermoelectric method with lower cost. Groping and optimizing culture system abiding by the idea of simulating the chicken body environment...
Nadeem Munawar, Iftikhar Hussain and Tariq Mahmood*
...sity of the agricultural lands and have been identified as destructive mammalian pests of agricultural crops at global level. They cause severe damage to various crops, directly and indirectly, by gnawing, spoilage, contamination and hoarding activities. The current study investigated the occurrence of different rodent species inside the crop fields and at field edges, associated with four major crops (wheat, groundnut, mill...
Adel A. Basyouny Shahin,1,* Amira M. Metwally Mohamed2 and Abd El-Reheem A. El Shatter2
... genetic loci and interrelationship was discussed. Of these 17 genetic loci, 10 (58.8%) loci were monomorphic with the same allele fixed in all individuals from both karyotype forms and only 7 (41.2%) loci were polymorphic with two different alleles. Levels of genetic variability between the two forms were relatively low and are comparatively either within the range or quite different from those of the same species occurring...
Danyu Zhang1, Ying Liu1, Qinxin Shi1, Zhiwei Peng1, Yan Hua1 and Zhijun Hou1,2,*
...ble was one species of holarctic carnivores and it was mainly in Russia, China, and Japan. There have little information about gastrointestinal parasite and bacterium of the sable, but it was important for its health. Five parasitic species and two hundreds thirty four gut bacteria (genus) of the sable were detected by the saturated NaCl floating and next sequencing methods. The parasites were Capillaria sp.,
Souheila Slimani1,*, Sonia Hamouda1, Chahrazed Souadi1, Sara Silini2, Cherif Abdennour2 and Leila Delimi3
...consecutive weeks.Testicular volume and weights were measured weekly, whereas semen quality, and histopathological profile were investigated at week 10.The obtained results reveal that under a long photoperiodthe sexual activity of the control lasted only 04 weeks, characterized by significant increase in the testicular volume, followed by spontaneous gonadal regressionup to week 10. Conse...
Muhammad Anwar-ul-Haq1, Amer Jamal Hashmat1, Ejazul Islam1, Muhammad Afzal1, Abid Mahmood2, Muhammad Ibrahim2,*, Muhammad Nawaz3,*, Shahid Nadeem4 and Qaiser Mahmood Khan1
...try is the production of large volumes of highly colored wastewater. The scope of this new electrochemical treatment is a significant advance to the existing technologies. There were four different treatments employed as; T1: wastewater, T2: wastewater with 0.1% electrolyte, T3: diluted wastewater (50% tap water), and T4: diluted wastewater (50% tap water) with 0.1% electrolyte. The color and COD in the effluent were reduced to 47% and 46% in T1, 70% and 52% i...
Musrrat Fatima, Muhammad Saad Khan, Hamid Rashid, Asim Mehmood, Sumaira Kanwal, Muhammad Asif Rasheed and Farrukh Jamil*
Tayfun Karataş
...rease in the hepatic catalase and glutathione peroxidase (p<0.05). In muscle tissue, the TBARS levels were significantly decreased (p<0.05). Whereas, antioxidant enzyme activities remained unchanged (p>0.05). The results obtained from this study showed that the short-term starvation leads to significant changes on serum metabolites, antioxidant enyzme activities and endogenous reserves of rainbow trout.
...
Yakup Erdal Ertürk
...rience, social security, lands, and the reason at performing animal production were recorded on breeders. Also, first fattening weight and fattening period of the beef cattle were recorded. It was determined that predictive models based upon MARS algorithm explained virtually all of variability in the final fattening weight (FFW) for each gender when model assessment criteria (viz. R2, SDRATIO, G...
Zihong Chen1, Ling Xu2, Xiaona Yang2, Yaguan Zhang3* and Yuming Yang4
...was grouped as a sister clade to Metarhizium majus, Metarhizium guizhouense, Metarhizium lepidiotae and Metarhizium indigoticum, but conclusively separated from these allied species with high support value. Morphological character differentiated M. baoshanense from its relatives on that its conidial size was obviously smaller than M. majus and M. indigoticum, a little shorter ...
Nina Bao1,*, Yongguang Yin2 and Panpan Wang3
...vus nippon antler velvet layer was studied in this paper. Single-factor experiment was used to research the effect of liquid-to-solid ratio, standing time and centrifugation time on the extraction of crude cerebroside. The optimal extraction conditions for the cerebroside as follows: liquid-to-solid ratio 15, standing time 45 min, and centrifugation time 6 min. The extracted cerebroside was purified and identified by using silica gel column and TLC, respective...
Zhuanxia Chen1, Ningping Tao1,*, Xiao Qin1 and Dayong Liu2
...ds, nucleotides, trimethylamine oxide and betaine. Results showed that umami was the most prominent flavor. Compared with liver, IMP is the main flavor nucleotide in meat. However, the contents of the umami amino acids and betaine in liver are much higher than that of meat. Additionally, trimethylamine oxide is mainly found in the meat. After steaming, c...
Changqing Zhao*, Zhuochi Chen and Yubin Li
...erky; four and fifteen volatile compounds were detected for the non-fermented and fermented jerky, respectively. The important compounds affecting the flavor of fermented jerky included DL-Glutamic Acid, Phenylethyl Alcohol, 1-Octen-3-ol, Nonanal, Pentanal, 3-Methyl-Butanal, and 2-Pentyl-Furan. The study results demonstrated that the strains combined with Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Angel Yeast reduced the meat pH, d...
Jia Chen*, Yuanxi Deng and Hui Xu
Bin Wang1, 2, Qianji Ning1,*, Qian Wang2, Wei Peng2, Tong Hao2,*and Jinsheng Sun2,*
...int of view, the subcellular location of 830 unidentified proteins were annotated based on the previously reconstructed protein-protein interaction network (PIN) of E. sinensis using the bioinformatics analysis method, which accounts for 91.9% of all un-localized proteins in the network. Subsequently, the molting interaction network was extracted from the global PPI, which contains 35 proteins and 32 interactions. By analyzing the subcellu
Environmental Determinants of Zooplankton Community in the Damietta Estuary of the Nile River, Egypt
Wael S. El-Tohamy1,*, Russell R. Hopcroft2 and Nagwa E.M. Abdel Aziz3
...gradients.
...
Xi-wen Chen1,2, Qian Wang1,3, Miao Yin1, Zhong-hui Pu1,2, Ai-wei Guo3, Lian Li 1,3, Wen-tao Luo1,3 and Xiong-qing Wang1,*
Yang Yang1,2, Yun Liu1, Mingxu Zhou1 and Guoqiang Zhu1,*
...Escherichia coli flagellin expression, E. coli F18ab strain 107/86 was modified to either express acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) synthase (QS-I) or deleted for autoinducer 2 (AI-2) expression (QS-II). AHL expression and deletion of luxS (AI-2) both inhibited flagellin expression, as measured by motility assays, bacterial gene expression, and host responses to infection....
Syed Makhdoom Hussain1,*, Muhammad Zubair ul Hassan Arsalan1, Arshad Javid2, Abdullah Ijaz Hussain3, Nosheen Aslam4, Qasim Ali5, Majid Hussain6, Muhammad Masoom ul Hassan Rehan7, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad1,8, Anam Khalid1 and Danish Riaz1
... added in the diet by replacing fish meal at the levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. Triplicate tanks were used for each treatment having 15 fingerlings. These fingerlings fed at the rate of 5% of live wet weight. Chromic oxide as an inert marker was also added in the diets. Feces from each tank were collected twice a day to estimate the nutrient digestibility parameters. The maximum weight gain (304%) and minimum FCR (1.33) values were noted at 10% rep
Syed Makhdoom Hussain1,*, Nosheen Aslam2, Arshad Javid3, Shehzadi Liaquat1,Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad1, 4, Muhammad Zubair-ul-Hassan Arsalan1 and Muhammad Adnan Khalid1
... fingerlings fed canola meal-based diet. Six test diets were prepared by using graded levels of probiotics (Protexin) such as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 gKg-1 level in the canola meal based diet. Triplicate tanks were used for each treatment and 15 fingerlings were stocked in each replicate. Fingerlings were fed at the rate of 5 % of live wet weight. Plant meal based diets in the a...
Qaisar Jamal1, Muhammad Idrees1, Saif Ullah2, Muhammad Adnan1, Farrah Zaidi1, Qaiser Zaman1,3 and Syed Basit Rasheed1,*
...orensis, Eublepharis macularius, Cyrtopodion scabrum, Hemidactylus brookii, Hemidactylus flaviviridis, Ophisops jerdonii, Asymblepharus himalayanus, Eurylepis taeniolatus, Eutropis dissimilis and Varanus bengalensis) and 16 species of snakes (Eryx johnii, Amphiesma stolatum, Boiga trigonata, Lycodon stria...
Guifen Liu1,2, Xiaomu Liu1,2, Khuram Shahzad3, Wei You1,2, Juan J. Loor3,* and Fachun Wan1,2,4,*
...red.
...
Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Sher Bahadar Khan2, Shehla Gul Bokhari1, Ikramul Haq1,*, Imdad Ullah Khan3, Naimat Ullah4, Naimat Ullah Khan4, Kashif Hussain1 and Azmat Ullah Khan2
... perfringens were isolated from enterotoxaemia suspected sheep and goats from the endemic areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan during 2016. The isolates were initially identified through colony characters, Gram staining and biochemical tests. The identified isolates were quantified on blood agar and confirmed through PCR. Toxins were extracted, quantified, formalized and adju...
Muhammad Shahid Saeed1, Adeela Shahid2, Samia Jawed3, Muhammad Akram4, Irshad Hussain Qureshi5
...There are many drugs available for asthma and magnesium sulphate is given intravenously as an important adjunct therapy during the acute severe attack of asthma
Objective: This study was panned to determine the effect of intravenous MgSO4 on pulmonary function test in acute severe attack of asthma.
Methodology: A double blind placebo control study was conduced on about 132 ast...
Sadaf Noveen1*, Shaista Habib Ullah2, Babar Alam3
...s. Description of this relationship is important for etiologic diagnosis and treatment planning among children without any disability or ignored craniofacial deformities. Studies highlighting this relationship are rare to none in Pakistan. Therefore, this study aims to detect the type and extent of relationship between these two factors.
M...
Kaleem Ullah1, Zafar Niaz2, Sami Ullah Mumtaz3, Sajid Abaidullah4*
...>Abstract | The relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular diseases strongly exists as diastolic dysfunction is commonly reported in COPD patients.
Objective: This study was conducted to determine the presence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients of COPD.
Material and Methods: A cross se...
Riffat Mehboob1*, Shahida Perveen2, Naseer Ahmed3
...and the prevalence of inflammatory lesions, benign neoplasms and their age-wise comparison.
Methodology: The study was carried out at Pathology Department, King Edward Medical University, Lahore. Data of 368 cases of BBD during a time span of 3 years (2011-2014) was obtained retrospectively.
Results: There were 190 patients of fibroadenoma (FA), 81 of fibrocystic disease (FCD), 64 ...
Nasreen Ishaq1, Arif Rasheed Malik2, Zameer Ahmad1, Saad Ehsan Ullah3
...the humanity, which formulates personal identity. Forensic medicine is basically the science of identification and during last few decades multiple research work has been conducted for detection of different methods of identification to establish a baseline of identity e.g. dental data, fingerprinting, DNA analysis, anthropometry, identification of sex, assessment of age, determination of height and blood groups identificati...
Ghulam Abbas1, Muhammad Jawad Asghar1, Muhammad Rizwan2*, Muhammad Akram1, Jaffar Hussain1 and Fiaz Ahmad1
...lse crop and gaining popularity in the farming community of Pakistan. Improvement of mungbean germplasm for high seed yield requires information on genetic variability and correlation of traits. For this purpose, fifty eight exotic and indigenous diverse mungbean genotypes were evaluated for seed yield and other related traits. The genetic analysis of mu...
Abdul Basit1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,4*, Sohail Ahmed2, Gohar Ali2 and Muhammad Javaid3
...station on bitter gourd plants and compared it with reduced-risk insecticide formulations of spinosad. Refractive sheets of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, black and white were installed in M. charantia beds at three different angles (30º, 60º and 90º). Results revealed that control treatment exhibited significantly higher fruit fly infestation (60%) with minimum marketabl...
Abdul Wajid1,*, Asma Basharat2, Muhammad Akbar Shahid3, Sidra Tul Muntaha1, Abdul Basit4, Tanveer Hussain5, Muhammad Farooq Tahir6, Muhammad Azhar7, Masroor Ellahi Babar1 and Shafqat Fatima Rehmani2
... is a contagious agent related with inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) in chickens worldwide. Identification of fowl adenovirus (FAdV) serotype is of most importance in epidemiological studies of disease outbreak and the adaptation of vaccine strategies. In spite of appropriate administration of vaccination, FAdV outbreaks have been reported and caused significant losses in poultry flocks throughout Pakistan in recent years. To ...
Fangxiao Dong1,2, Xuan Luo1,2, Delu Yuan1,2, Aixin Liang1,2* and Liguo Yang1,2*
...o improve the growth and lactation of animals, however, the immune response is still unsatisfactory, especially in large animals. The present study aimed to investigate whether tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) could be applied as signal peptide for enhancing the effect of somatostatin DNA vaccine. A novel recombinant plasmid pEGS/2SS-tPA encodin...
Muhammad Rehan Aslam1, Muhammad Maqsood1, Zahoor Ahmad2*, Sajjad Akhtar3, Muhammad Rizwan4 and Muhammad Usama Hameed5
...4 (T2) were applied. Similarly, highest cob weight without sheath (258 g), number of grains per cob (475.1), 1000-grains weight (272.5 g), biological yield (13.4 t ha-1), grain yield (5.15 t ha-1), harvest index (38.20%), grain protein contents (9.01%) and grain oil contents (4.76%) were recorded where irrigation was applied at 50 mm soil moisture deficit (I2). Two foliar sprays of 0.5% 0f MgSO4 (1st after 20 days of sowing and 2nd after 30 days of sowing) and...
Malik Muhammad Yousaf1*, Mumtaz Hussain1, Muhammad Jahangir Shah1, Bashir Ahmed1, Muhammad Zeshan1,2, Muhammad Mohsin Raza1 and Kazim Ali2
...itions of Bahawalpur on clay loam soil. This experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design. Data on plant height, branches per plant, capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule and yield was taken into account at maturity and statistically analyzed. All yield contributing traits showed positive respo...
Rizwana Qamar1, Maria Ghias1, Fida Hussain1, Sajida Habib1, Muhammad Khuram Razzaq2*, Muhammad Aslam1 and Imran Habib3
...inexpensive approach by plant breeders to manage with drought. A wire house experiment was conducted in Oilseeds Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Faisalabad for the screening of genotypes against drought. Ten hybrids along with their 13 parental inbred lines were grown in polythene bags following factorial structured completely randomized design by three replications against three levels of water stress. Data w...
Ayesha Iftikhar1,*, Muhammad Asif Aziz1, Muhammad Naeem1, Munir Ahmad1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
...le, Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is an important predator of cotton mealy bug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Understanding the effect of temperature variations on its demography and predation rate is necessary to predict the population dynamics of this beetle against cotton mealy bug. Age-stage, two sex life tables of zigzag beetle were constructed ...
Muhammad Fiaz1*, Muhammad Afzal1 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,2
... Isaria fumosorosea formulations was assessed in spring 2016 and 2017 against Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri, one of the economic insect pests of citrus plants and a putative vector of Huanglongbing worldwide. Treatments were comprised of label-recommended (FD) and its half (HD) dose rates of spirotetramat and I. fumosorosea formulations. Both tre...
Komal Mushtaq1, Shoaib Waqas2*, Hafiz Muhammad Asim3
...inal manual therapy (maitland grade I and II mobilization) for CLBP management was assessed.
Methods: All subjects in the study were provided maitland grade I and II spinal mobilization for 20 minutes each. A similar treatment frequency was applied and consisted on three sessions per week for 2 continuous weeks. Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) was applied to assess the ...
Masood Nizam Tabassum1*, Muhammad Ather Khan2, Saira Afzal3, Amir Gilani4, Abdul Wahab Gureja5, ShafaqTabassum6
...ectious diseases, which place it in one of the top 5 causes of death for females aged 15 to 44. The death rate due to this isease has declined by 47% from 1990 to 2015.
Objective: This study was conductedto determine the demographic parameters of patients of Tuberculosis at public sector health facilities Lahore, Pakistan.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in outpatient Department of chest Medicine in Public s...
Sukirno Sukirno1,2, Muhammad Tufail1,3,*, Khawaja Ghulam Rasool1, Said El Salamouny1, 4, Koko Dwi Sutanto1 and Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood1
...te the effectiveness of plant extracts to improve the persistence of Spodoptera littoralis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliMNPV) against beet army worm, Spodoptera exigua(Hübner) under harsh sunny field conditions in Saudi Arabia. A preliminary test of SpliMNPV was performed to determine the lethal concentrations of this virus against the first and second larval instar of S. exigua....
Yan Li1, Kai Zhan1,*, Junying Li1, Wei Liu1, Ruiyu Ma1, Shengnan Liu1, Haijun Cui1 and Xin Zhang2
...tigate the effects of declawed males on laying performances, egg quality characteristics and feather cover of layer breeders in the mating cage. Ninety-six 230-day-old Hy-line Brown roosters were randomly split into four groups. Group 1 chicks served as intact control. Trimming of claw of group 2 chicks was performed by the method of partial amputation o...
Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad1,2, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2,*, Farhat Jabeen2, Abdullah Ijaz Hussain3, Arshad Javid4, Muhammad Asrar2 and Muhammad Zubair-ul-Hassan Arsalan2
... test ingredient to formulate six test diets and were supplemented with graded levels (0, 300, 600, 900, 1200 and 1500 FTU kg-1) of phytase. The fingerlings were fed at the rate of 4% of live fish body weight twice a day and faeces were collected from each tank. Present research work was carried out to determine the effect of phytase supplementation on mineral digestibility and carcass composition of Catla cat<...
Saeed Ullah1, Amanullah Jan1, Murad Ali2*, Wiqar Ahmad3, Hafeez Ur Rehman2, Muhammad Ishaq2 and Bilal Ahmad2
...four times. Pods number plant-1 (PN), grain yield (GY) biological yield (BY), and harvest index (HI) were significantly increased by 9, 4, 23 and 8%, respectively over the control with fertilizer banding compared with broadcast. Plots receiving 10 kg Zn ha-1 registered a significant increase of 8, 9, 4, 27 and 9%, in plant height (PH), PN, GY, BY and HI, respectively over the control, and recorded the lowest number of days t...
Doğan Türkyılmaz1,*, Selçuk Özyürek2,Nurinisa Esenbuğa1 and Mustafa Yaprak1
...d udder type and to correlations between udder measurements and milk components in Morkaraman, Tuj and Awassi sheep. Milk components are investigated in order to determination of milk quality. The main components of milk are fat, solid non-fat, density, protein, lactose and ash. Density of the milk is expressed in kg/m3 and the other components are in percent. Fat, solid non-fat, density, protein,
Amna Waseem, Sikander Ali* and Syeda Wajiha Khalid
... production of extracellular lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) from a Rhizopus oligosporus mutant strain developed by chemical mutagenesis. The wild-type was simultaneously treated with different concentration of EMS and MMS. Among 13 mutant variants, EM-7 showing maximum lipase activity of 71±3.55 U/g, was selected. Resistance in the hyper producing strain was developed by exposing it with low levels of L-cysteine HCl to protect it from instability. It...
Wasim Javaid1, Farid Asif Shaheen1*, Farah Naz2 and Muhammad Usman Raja2
...showed significantly similar results with mortality around 55%. Results proved M. anisopliae as more virulent against PB than B. bassiana and fungal effectiveness against this pest was directly proportional to its concentration as well as exposure time. For effective management of C. chinensis, 1×108 spores/ml of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana is recommended for safer storage of chickpea, pulses and grains. ...
Tanzim Ullah Khan1*, Mohammad Tariq Jan1, Ahmad Khan1, Gulzar Ahmad2, Muhammad Ishaq2, Khilwat Afridi2, Murad Ali2, Muhammad Adeel Qureshi2, Imtiaz Ahmad3 and Muhammad Saeed2
...ication were as: full at land preparation, full at boot stage and ½ at land preparation + ½ at boot stage, to the subplot. Poultry manure was incorporated into the soil at the time of land preparation. Compared to 75 and 125 kg/ha, inorganic nitrogen rate of 100 kg ha-1 produced more productive tillers m-2 (238), increased leaf area (27.87 cm2), grains spike-1 (42), thousand ...
Imadud Din1*, Fazal Munsif1, Irfan Ahmad Shah3, Hamayoon Khan1, Fahad Ullah Khan1, Ibrarullah2, Shahab Uddin4 and Tauqir Islam1
...ents. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block (RCB) design having three replications. Components of variation, broad sense heritability, genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), range and genetic advance were estimated for yield and yield associated traits. Results revealed significant variation for all traits among the tested wheat genotypes. The results showed the existence of adequate genetic vari...
Muhammad Shoaib Saleem*, Muhammad Faheem Akbar, Amjad Sultan and Saqib Ali
...ds and Insect growth Regulators (IGRs) against jassid (Amrasca devastans Dist.) on eggplant crop. The crops were grown in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, each have five treatments inclusive of control. The recommended doses of Nitenpyram, Clothianidin, Momentum (combination of Nitenpyram+Chlorfenapyr) and Buprofezin were applied when population of insect ...
Syed Muhammad Hassan Raza1*, Syed Amer Mahmood1, Veraldo Liesenberg2 and Syed Shehzad Hassan1
...km2 was covered by rice plantations. Thermal datasets covered the area of 8627 km2 comprising 10663 pixels which returned 10663 spatially distributed temperature values. Six, thermal datasets were obtained for the duration between (April 03-June 22) 2014, with a temporal window of 16 days to delineate YSB vulnerability from egg laying to pupa evolution stage. The results obtained highlight that 73% of the investigation area ...
Muhammad Shaheer1*, Asad Aslam Khan2, Nasir Ahmed3, Tehseen Mahmood Mahju4, Ummarah Rasheed5
...tract | Diabetic macular edema is one of the leading causes of visual loss in diabetic patients. However, the impact of medicinal treatment on the occurrence of macular edema remained elusive.
Objectives: This study was designed to determine the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab in patients of diabetic macular edema.
Methods: An interventional stu...
Naveed Akhtar1, Humaira Zareen2* and Rubina Sarmad3
...ing habits have strong relationship with nutritional status of any person. Modification of these habits in the adolescent period can prevent malnutrition resulting in prevention of many non-communicable diseases. Additionally, with best eating habits female doctors can be a role model for their patients.
Objectives: This study was designed to access the dietary habits, nutritional status and their association in young adolescent female medic...
Fouzia Hadi Ali1, Farhat Naz2, Aban Abid Qazi3
...re sector is work-life balance (WLB). However, it is futile to study WLB in isolation, the literature suggests that positive psychological capital (PPC) triggers WLB. Moreover, WLB also assists in enhancing vitality at work that in turn improves WP. Therefore, this study intends to examine the sequential mediation of WLB and vitality at work between the relationship of positive psychologic...
Maaz Ahmad1*, Mussab Ahmad2 and Tehreem Munir3
...epsia (FD) is a set of relapsing or chronic dyspeptic symptoms in the absence of structural organic lesions. Approximately 15-20% of the general population in many developed countries suffers from dyspeptic symptoms at any time in a year, whereas in Pakistan, 14-22 % of general population suffers from FD.
Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effective...
Taimoor Akram Khan1*, Anam Farooq2, Amna Farooq3, Muhammad Nasir1, Gohar Khan4 and Ali Akram Khan1
... burden in a defined population based on the symptomatology as well as the organic presentation is quite fruitful.
Objectives:This study was designed to determine demographic characteristics and disease patterns related to different organ systems presenting at first tier of primary healthcare system.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using Basic Health Unit&rsquo...
Rana Khurram Aftab1*, Farhat Ijaz2, Samia Jawed3
...>Abstract | The relationship between obesity and hypertension has long been recognized. Overweight and obesity are disorders of balance of energy affecting people of various ethnic groups, age and socio–economic statuses. It has been found that obesity is closely associated and correlated with hypertension. Preventive strategies for obesity may offer a cost-effective approach ...
Farhat Ijaz1, Rana Khurram Aftab2*, Samia Jawed3
... of low-grade chronic inflammation, which result in increased levels of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukins 6 (1L-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Relation of TNF-α with obesity induced IR and T2DM is unclear as results obtained from different studies are very controversial.
Objective: This study was designed to comp...
Muhammad Kashif Munir1*, Sana Rehman1, Rizwan Iqbal1, Muhammad Saqib Saeed2, Muhammad Aasim1
...TB Research Centre in collaboration with Department of Pulmonology, King Edward Medical University, Mayo Hospital, Lahore.
Methods: Sputum samples from 125 patients were collected from confirmed pulmonary TB patients who were not responding to standard regimen of first line anti-tubercular treatment. Smears were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen method. All specimens were processed for culture and drug sensitivity ...
Quratul Ain Tahira1*, Sidrah Lodhi1 and Sajid Abaidullah2
...ed in the study with similar distribution among mTBL and LBL groups. The mean IRAT scores for LBL and mTBL groups were 41.03±17.79&44.17±19.54, respectively (p-value 0.272). The overall FT scores were 40.26±15.17 &48.02±17.57 for LBL and mTBL respectively (p-value 0.045). The FT scores in early domains were 34.81±14.93&56.12±15.1 for LBL and mTBL groups (p-value 0.000). The scores of advanced domains were 3...
Sahar Naz1, Farhan Rasheed2, Muhammad Saeed3*, Shagufta Iram4 and Ambereen Anwar Imran5
...nation of metallo-β-lactamase (MβL) producing strains possess significant therapeutic challenges.
Objective: This study was carried outto evaluate the efficacy of Colistin against MβL producers.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Microbiology Laboratory,Allama Iqbal Medical College,Lahore, Pakistan from 1stJuly 2016 to 25th
Munir Ahmad1, Aisha Hameed2*, Saba Khaliq3, Hamid Saeed Malik4 and Shahida Mohsin5
...tract | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignant tumor in children and forms a major fraction of childhood malignancies in the developed countries. Numerous chromosomal aberrations have been observed in ALL including translocations which result in the production of fusion genes (BCR-ABL, TEL-AML1, and MLL-AF4). These chromosomal rearrangements have great prognostic and therapeutic significance. Amongst these, TEL-AML1 fusion g...
Zartasha Anjum1*, Rakhshindah Bajwa2 and Munazza Hassan3
...owever, in our local population, expression of HMG-COAR is not investigated. The objective of our study was to examine the expression of HMG-CoAR in primary breast carcinomas and determine its association with ER/PR expression.
Material & Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study was conducted to examine the immunohistochemical expression of HMG-CoAR in 75 cases of breast carcinoma. Study was carried out in postgraduate medical institute...
Muhammad Nusrullah*1, Muhammad Younus2 and Yasir Nasir3
... determining acid base balance of the body. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by chronic airflow limitation which is not fully reversible and it can lead to respiratory failure.
Objective: To determine the correlation between arterial and venous blood gases in patients presenting with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Material and Methods: This cross sectional s...
Faisal Masood*1, Ranjit Kumar Sah2 and Ahmad Humayun Sarfaraz3
...RPCP) in management of volar Barton’s fracture by Faisal Technique.
Methods: A total of 10 cases of volar Barton’s fracture fulfilling our inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in our study from August 2015 to August 2016. These cases, presented at our department, were managed with closed reduction under image intensifier by dorsiflexing the wrist and reducing the fragment by ligamento...
Naveed Rashid*1, Muhammad Aamer2, Uzma Malik3, Nimra Arif4, Muhammad Waqar Akram5 and Ayesha Irshad6
...se of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) access site for hemodialysis can be prevented by adopting a daily self-care plan for AVF access site. Therefore, the aim of this study was set to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) about self-care of AVF access site amongst end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients who are on maintenance hemodialysis.
Methods: This comparative cross sectional study with ...
Muhammad Younus1*, Sabah Usman2 and Samia Jawed3
...onally, we aimed to correlate the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) with pulmonary function tests (PFT’s).
Material and Methods: This cross sectional comparative study was conducted at the Institute of Chest Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan. One hundred and twenty individuals consisting of 60 obese (30 males, 30 females) and 60 non-obese (30 males, 30 females), fulfi...
Mumtaz Akhtar, Iffat Naheed, Khadija Waheed* and Amna Khanum
Muhammad Anwar Iqbal1, Habib Rehman2, Ali Hussain3,*, Faiza Jabeen4, Ijaz Ahmad2, Kamran Ashraf5, Muhammad Irshad Arshad6 and Omaima Khan7
... of group B had higher relative weights of liver (P = 0.57) and gizzard (P = 0.69). The relative caecal weights of all MOS-supplemented groups were greater (P = 0.10) compared with the group A. Serum concentrations of calcium, magnesium, copper and iron were not influenced by the MOS supplementations. Serum phosphorus level was higher (P < 0.05) in the group B compared with the group A. The cae...
Ayesha Noreen1, Dilara A. Bukhari2 and Abdul Rehman1,*
...s, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum also generate ROS. ROS can be activated by numerous external factors, and play an important role in cancer growth and metastasis. ROS and tumor cell interaction could activate the signalling pathways, promoting cell proliferation, invasion, inducing angiogenesis, inflammation and cellular transformation in cancer...
S. Jalbani1, N. T. Narejo2,*, P. Khan2 and Y.M. Jalbani3
...may be due to different plasma viscosity and specific gravity of the erythrocyte is responsible for different ESR values.
...
Madeeha Arshad1, Asmatullah1, Chaman Ara1, Shagufta Andleeb2 and Naveed Ahmad3,*
...TMP-SMX) is one of antifolate used in such therapies. Current study was done to test the ability of TMP-SMX to induce developmental defects in mice fetuses. Different concentrations of the drug, 0.00, 4.10, 8.33 and 16.66 µg/g B.W. were administered orally to the dams on days 6-12 of gestation, and fetuses were recovered on day 18. Morphological observations of fetuses from 4.10, 8.33 and 16.66 µg/g B.W. dose groups showed abnormalities such as ski...
Maryam Javed*, Farwa Saghir, Naveera Aziz, Maham Saeed, Asif Nadeem and Wasim Shehzad
...n in animals is mostly related to the territory protection, competition for resources like water, food, offspring and mating probabilities. It is an antisocial behavior having strong genetic relation. Current study focused mainly on the screening of genetic marker V158M located in COMT gene for its relation to physical aggression in the four domestic bovine species of Pakistan, which are n...
Xia Lin Zheng1, Zhen Hua Xian1, Zhen De Yang2, Xiu Hao Yang3 and Wen Lu1,*
...December 2013. Jaapiella sp. damaged leaves, while Contarinia sp. damaged stems and leafstalks. The damage ratio and the index of Jaapiella sp. in December 2012, March, July and December 2013 were 9.7±2.0%, 14.8±1.9%, 24.1±1.5%, 12.3±0.6% and 25.6%, 31.3%, 35.6%, 26.2%, respectively, while those of Contarinia sp. were 33.2±3.4%, 38.4±4.3%, 43.2±...
Irshad Ali1, Mohammad Masood Tariq2,*, Abdul Waheed2, Ferhet Abbas Yousafzai1, Farhat Abbas Bokhari1, Majed Rafeeq1, Muhammad Ali1, Muhammad Adnan Attique1, Shahid Amin3 and Tahir Hameed1
...coat of this animal has black lining (the natural insulator), provides an excellent insulation capability against heat. Furthermore, very large pendulous dewlap and naval flap provides larger skin surface area to the animal to protect it from extre...
Azmat Hayat Khan Khattak1, Muhammad Nauman ul Islam1, Muhammad Shakir Khan1, Muhammad Iqbal1, Imtiaz Ali Shah1,Sheeraz Ghani1, Amjad Ali2, Zubina Hameed1, Mohammad Farooque Hassan3 and Tariq Ali1,3,*
...) were reared on milk replacer to compare their growth performance and economics. The experiment was performed at Livestock Research and Development Station (LR&DS), Surezai, Peshawar for a period of 12 weeks. The calves were fed with milk replacer (10% of their live body weight) in two equal doses, one in the morning followed by an evening dose, until the end of 8th week. The average birth weight of AJC was 1...
Ansar Ahmed Abbasi1,*, Kathrin Blasius2-4, Imtiaz Ahmed6, Hao Hu7, Sylvie Picker-Minh2-4,8, Muhammad Nasim Khan5, Khalid Hameed1, Aneela Gulnaz1, Zahid Latif5, Abdul Rauf5 and Angela M. Kaindl2-4,8
...aly in the Pakistani population and updates our knowledge regarding the frequent involvement of ASPM in microcephaly.
...
Hanif Ur Rahman1, Umer Saddique1, Zahoor-ul-Hassan1, Shakoor Ahmad1, Muhammad Kamal Shah1, Said Sajjad Ali Shah1, Farhan Anwar Khan1, Fazli Rabbani2, Muhammad Asif Hussain2, Attaur-Rahman2, Irshad Ahmad3,4 and Sadeeq ur Rahman2,*
...se, is caused by Mycoplasma mycoides (MM) - a cluster of six member species. However, literature is not available regarding the causative agents of CCPP in sheep and goats in Northern Pakistan. The current study was thus aimed to identify relative abundance of members of MM in small ruminants suspected of CCPP in Northern region of Pakistan. A total of 300 samples, (150 sheep and 15...
Sana Rafique1, Hina Saqib1, Khushi Muhammad2, Nazia Akbar2, Abdul Rauf3, Muzafar Shah4,*
...foundation and King Abdullah hospitals in Mansehra, Pakistan, where patients were screened for dengue virus non-structural protein using Rapid Diagnostic kit for Dengue virus (DENV) i.e. SD BIOLINE Dengue IgG/IgM. Data was obtained from patient’s record, filled forms and through questionnaire. Total 1332 blood samples were collected from 3 tehsils of District Mansehra. Out of which, 725 were found positive for dengue fever infection. Out of 725 po...
Laiba Shafique1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah2, Mehroze Fatima3, Huma Naz4, Qaisra Saddique1
... (2%), formic acid (2%), lactic acid (2%) and designed as “OA1, OA2, OA3, OA4 and OA5”, respectively. Eight weeks experimental trail were performed. Water quality characteristics (dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature) were checked daily throughout the trail. Results concluded that the body mineralization in L. rohita was increased by supplementation of organic acid. The maximum body mine...
Rafa Almeer1,*, A. Alqarni1,2, S. Alqattan3, S. Abdi4,*, S. Alarifi1, Z.Hassan5 and A. Semlali6
... to their ability to modulate gene expression of MMPs and TIMPs in MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Further investigations are required to understand the molecular mechanism of honey as an anticancer agent.
...
Kashif Akbar* and Muhammad Ayub
...omposite flour. The formulations of the study were F0 (100% wheat flour), F1 (90% wheat flour + 10% maize flour), F2 (80% wheat flour + 20% maize flour), F3 (70% wheat flour + 30% maize flour), F4 (60% wheat flour + 40% maize flour), F5 (50% wheat flour + 50% maize flour), and F6 (100% maize flour). Physicochemical analysis of the cookies showed the different trend from F0 to F6. Mean score for moisture content increased and the ranged between F0-F6 (3.24-3.29...
Abdur Rehman and Zahir Shah
...or in combination on nodulation, nitrogen fixation, fresh pods yield and nutrient uptake of pea [Pisum sativum L.] under silt-loam alkaline soil conditions. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The required Fe and Mo as [(NH4)6Mo7O244H2O] and FeSO4.7H2O respectively were applied to soil followed by thorough mixing before sowing. Both Fe and Mo induced significant increases in fresh pods pea yield and nutr...
Ahmed Zein Elabdeen Mahmoud1, Muaz Magzob Abdellatif2* and Mohamed Abdelsalam Abdalla3
... where outbreaks are regularly reported. This study was carried out to analyze nucleoprotein (N) gene of PPRV from fatal infections in small ruminants. For this purpose, RNA was extracted from suspected animal samples (n=18) and were screened by real time-PCR. Additionally, to assess the phylogenomics, the N gene was amplified and sequenced from sheep and goats (n=12). Nucleotide identity among Hail strains was identified to be 96.2-100%, while identity with p...
G. Venkatesan* and Amit Kumar
...e variable among ORFV isolates/strains as they are not located in central part of genome and some of them are either virus specific namely Viral interferon resistant (VIR) and GM-CSF/IL2 inhibition factor (GIF) genes and or host specific namely vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-E) and viral IL-10 genes. ORFV can cause high morbidity in adults along with considerable mortality in young suckling animals and showing an e...
Mudassar Javed1,Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,*, Muhammad Sufyan1, Sajjad Ali2 and Muhammad Afzal1
...any insect pests. Particularly, okra shoot and fruit borer (Earias vittella) and okra fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera) cause substantial quantitative and qualitative losses to okra crop. In this study, 18 pesticides including conventional and new-chemistry synthetic insecticides and different botanical extracts were screened against these pests on okra variety ‘Pusa Sawani’ under field cond...
Kamran Khan1, Sarzamin Khan2, Nazir Ahmad Khan2,* and Naseer Ahmad2
... technological forms of flaxseed supplementation on growth performance, carcass yield and meat quality of rabbits. Sixty indigenous rabbits were divided randomly into five treatment groups. The control group was fed on standard concentrate basal diet, whereas in the treated groups, the basal diet was supplemented with low (3.5%; LCF) or high (7%; HCF) level of crushed flaxseed and low (1.5%; LFO) or high (3%; HFO) level of f...
Rana Zeeshan Habib1, Muhammad Afzal1, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah2,*, Mahroze Fatima3, Muhammad Bilal4 and Syed Makhdoom Hussain5
...> fingerlings fed on canola meal based diet. Nine experimental diets were prepared by supplementing CA (%) and PHY (FTU/kg) at the level of 0, 0 (control); 0, 1000; 0, 2000; 1.5, 0; 1.5, 1000; 1.5, 2000; 3, 0; 3, 1000; 3, 2000 respectively. Chromic oxide was used as inert marker in diets to estimate mineral digestibility. Fish fed on PHY supplemented diet showed higher apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC%) of Ca, P, Na, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn. Simi
Wang-Dui Basang1, Tian-Wu An2, Luo-Bu Danjiu3, Yan-Bin Zhu1, Shi-Cheng He3, Xiao-Lin Luo2, Wei-Wei Ni4, Xiao Wang4, Shu-Zhu Cheng4, Jian Wang4 and Guang-Xin E4,*
...ltitudes in the Tibetan plateau that is economically important for the Tibetan people. In this study, we investigated the diversity and phylogeography of four geographic ecotype populations of the Naqu yak (133 individuals) using an 811-bp mitochondrial DNA D-loop region sequence. In total, 57 polymorphic sites, including 54 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 3 single-nucleotide copy number variants, and 59 haplotypes were ...
Riaz Aziz Minhas1,*, Muhammad Nasim Khan1, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Basharat Ahmad1, Syda Shaista Bibi1, Mohsin Hanif1 and Afsar Mian2
... and AJK.
...
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
..., A. musiformis, Dactylella oviparasitica, Clonostachys rosea, Stropharia rugosoannulata, Lecanicillium muscarium, Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Monacrosporium ellipsosporum demonstrated a prominent attraction intensity. The attraction intensity of all these fungi increased with time, while that of two fungi, Dactyla...
Jingen Xu1, Yang Liu2, Erhui Jin1, Youfang Gu1, Qin Zhang3 and Shenghe Li1,*
...tified, with 1554 up-regulated and 496 up-regulated in high and low T lymphocyte groups, respectively. Among differentially expressed genes, IL1B, IL17F, IL6R, CXCL2, CCL20 and CCL25 were selected based on their immunological functions and CD8B and CD81 may contribute to variations of blood T lymphocyte subsets. Gene ontology analysis revealed that differential gene expression involved in biologic...
Zhu-Mei Ren1,*, Xu Su2, Carol D von Dohlen3 and Jun Wen4,1,*
...ed and illustrated from alate viviparous female. The new species differs from the other Nurudea species in the length and proportion of antennal segments, the structure of antennal secondary sensilla, and the flower-like shape of the galls that are formed on its primary host. Its primary host plant is Rhus hypoleuca, whereas other Nurudea species are on R. chinensis...
Ayesha Aihetasham, Saira Shariq and Javed Iqbal Qazi*
...udy was conducted for isolation and identification of fungal species from cadavers of notorious subterranean termite, Heterotermes indicola. Virulence of Rhizopus stolonifer isolate and resultant variations in food consumption of H. indicola workers were evaluated over a period of one month by employing surface culture method. Follow...
Muhammad Sarfraz*, Shahida Hasnain
...ract | Screening of plasmid mediated AmpC beta-lactamases (AmpC) has clinical significance due to developing resistance of clinical pathogens against several beta-lactam antibiotics. This study was conducted on 11,725 specimens collected from hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients from July 2013 to June 2016. API 20E system has been used to identify K. pneumoniae and E. c...
Zainab Saeed, Abdul Majid Khan*, Ayesha Iqbal, Muhammad Amin
...pecimens comprise mandibular fragment and isolated teeth. The specimens are on the basis of rigorous comparison ascribed to Gazella lydekkeri, a late Miocene antelope. The Dhok Pathan Formation is late Miocene to early Pliocene in age.
...
Muhammad Khalid1,2 and Muhammad Naeem2*
... of Ctenopharyngodon idella. Standardized methods were used to determine the proximate composition of 72 samples. On wet weight basis, mean percentage for water was 80.76 %, ash 3.40 %, 4.31 % for fat and 11.53 % for protein in C. idella. Percent water contents showed inverse relationship with % protein (dry and wet body weight), % ash and % organic contents (wet body weight). Wet body wei...
Fiaz Ahmad1, Mumtaz Hussain2, Ghulam Abbas1, Muhammad Jawad Asghar1 and Muhammad Rizwan3*
...="text-align: justify;">Plant growth and development are adversely affected by different abiotic stress especially lead and water stress. Therefore, present study was conducted with the aim to investigate the response of two mungbean varieties to three different Pb2+ concentrations under two water stress conditions. Different morpho-physiological and yield traits were studied. Both varieties showed gradual reduction in morphological traits at increasing concen...
Md. Abu Affan1,*, Abdulmohsin Al-Sofyani1, Adnan Jaman Turki2 and Mohammed S.B. Hariri3
...e studied. The dead Tilapia tilapia (Tilapia), Chanos chano (Milkfish) and Parapriacanthus ransonneti (Glassfish) were found with wide mouth opened, skin with huge mucous and a bent back head, flared gills lesion and reddish sanguinary. The water temperature (°C), DO, salinity and pH varied fro...
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...ot weight, the final population of the second stage juveniles, and the reproduction rate were detected at the highest levels in untreated soil, whereas low numbers were encountered in soils initially treated with the fungus, L. muscarium. Meloidogyne incognita and other plant parasitic nematodes multiplied significantly more in untreated soil than in treated soil, which clearly indicated that L. muscarium effec...
Qudsia Yousafi1,*, Muhammad Afzal2, Muhammad Aslam3 and Allah Ditta Abid4
...
...
Wei Meng1,3, Tianyan Yang2,*, Yunguo Liu1, Mahmut Halik1 and Tianxiang Gao2
...eveal the evolutionary relationships within subfamily Schizothoracinae. Three different grades of schizothoracine fishes were well recognized from each other in branching diagram. The primitive group and the specialized group + the highly specialized group constituted a sister relationship with strong supports.
...
Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1,*, Ibrahim A. Alhidary1, Gamaleldin M. Suliman1,2, Abdullah H. Alyemni3, Mohamed Y. Al-Saiady3, Faisal A. Alshamiry1,Mohsen M. Alobre1 and Riyadh S. Aljumaah1
... measurements of growing lambs. Twenty growing lambs, 3 month old, were selected and randomly distributed to four different treatments as a complete randomized design as follow: Barley grain and alfalfa hay (BA); TMR1 (25.67% NDF; low level); TMR2 (30.88% NDF; medium level-recommended); TMR3 (55.93% NDF; high level). A significantly higher (P<0.05) average daily gain and lower value for the feed conversion ratio of
Syed Aun Muhammad1, Muhammad Soaib Said2, Shams Ur Rehman2, Muhammad Dawood2, Muneer Ahmed Qazi3 and Nighat Fatima2,*
...New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1). The enzyme NDM-1 is responsible for bacterial resistance against almost all the β-lactam antibiotics. Therefore, NDM-1 inhibitors can play an important role against these emerging highly resistant microorganisms. The existing beta lactamase inhibitors are considered ineffective against these superbugs and ...
Ai Guo1,2,3, Jiaguang Xiao4, Binbin Shan4, Tianxiang Gao5 and Yongdong Zhou3,*
...ey were all typical circular double stranded DNA molecule with 17075 bp in C. mystus N and 16964 bp in C. mystus S, respectively, containing the standard metazoan set of 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes and non-coding regions. The mitogenomes of C. mystus N and C. mystus S shared the identical structural organization and gene arrangement with those of other Coilia fishes. Both lineages of ...
Dilshad Ahmad1*, Muhammad Irfan Chani1 and Muhammad Afzal2
...al Output (AGGDP). The relationship among agricultural output and agricultural formal credit, cropped area, labor force participating in the agriculture sector, trade openness has been quantified through various econometric approaches in the study. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bound testing approach has been applied to analyze the long run cointegration among variables, obtaining annual time series data from 1973 to...
Fazal Munsif1, Muhammad Zahid1, Muhammad Arif2, Kawsar Ali3 and Ijaz Ahmad1
...ange and food security. Planting dates being an ecological factor can be utilized for allowing cane cultivation in different cropping patterns. The losses in yield due to reduction in crop cycle or delay planting can be compensated by increasing the cropping intensity on same field. A field experiment was carried out during the year 2015-16 at Palatoo Re...
Mohammed Al Mahish*
...by using Equilibrium Displacement Model. The paper estimates lettuce demand using Rotterdam demand model. The results show that the demand for lettuce is price and income inelastic, and lettuce is a necessity good. The results of the supply model show that the supply of lettuce is price inelastic, and wage increase has a negative impact on lettuce supply. The total e<...
Mohammed Zaki Fathy*
...ulmonary parameters in xylazine pre-medicated Baladi Egyptian donkeys. Eighteen apparently healthy donkeys were divided into two equal groups. All animals were injected with xylazine HCl 2% (1.0mg/Kg) as pre-medication drug intravenously. Then in the first group (G1), was injected by the propofol (2mg/Kg intravenously) while in the second group (G2), was injected with ketamine HCl (2.2mg/K...
Raphael Olanrewaju Babatunde, Adeyemi Esther Omoniwa and Miriam Ukemenam
...utside the walls of the classroom especially in rural areas. This research assessed how inequality in gender as it regards schooling among children affects the income as an indicator of livelihood of farming households in Kwara state, Nigeria. A sampling technique comprising of three stages was used to randomly select 200 farming households in the study area. Data were collected using questionnaire and were analyzed using the Gini-coefficient and the Ordinary ...
Irfan Ali Sabir1, Saeed Ahmad1*, Muhammad Nafees2, Ahmad Sattar Khan1, Maryam3 and Ishtiaq Ahmad2
...d export of mango in the last few years. Low yield and poor quality are considered the major limiting factors in export. Therefore, some high yielding good quality exotic mango cultivars were acclimatized in the country and a comprehensive research studies were executed to investigate the yield potential, fruit physico-chemical characters and sensorial aspects. Diverse seventeen commercial and noncommercial indigenous and exotic mango varieties were selected t...
Muhammad Siddiq1*, Sahib Alam2, Hamid Ullah Shah2, Zafar Iqbal2, Kalsoom Siddiq3 and Taufeq Ahmad4
... attributes of potato (Solanium tuberosum L.) cultivar Carola chips during three successive frying sessions. Olive and palm oils were blended in the ratios of 10:90, 20:80, 40:60 and 60:40% and the blends as well as the sole oils were used for frying of potato chips. The fried potato chips were evaluated for appearance, taste, texture, color and overall acceptability. The results indicated that the highest average scores for...
Ansaar Ahmed1, Imtiaz Hussain2*, Ibni Amin Khalil3, Subhanulla3, Gulzar Ahmed3, Imtiaz Ahmad3 and Muhammad Imtiaz2
...ing of wheat and manual planting of maize on flat surface coupled with flood irrigation are used in irrigated maize–wheat system of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province that requires skilled labor, intensive tillage and more water for irrigation. In this study, zero tillage and bed pla...
Sadiqa Begum1, Murad Khan2* and Noor Pao Khan1
...rop. Furthermore, two villages were selected from each district i.e. Lakarai and Barbar Opazai of district Peshawar and Khawo and Shamshad Abad of district Mardan. A questionnaire was used to collect data proportionately from 93 sample respondents. Budget allocation technique is used for calculation of cost, revenue and profit and dummy approach is used for comparative analysis while multiple regression model is used to esti...
Muhammad Amir Maqbool1*, Muhammad Aslam1, Waseem Akbar2, Muhammad Waheed Anwar3 and Ehtisham Shakeel Khokhar1
... medic (Medicago truncatula L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) were targeted in current studies. Amino acid sequences of major intrinsic proteins of chickpea, barrel medic and maize were retrieved from NCBI database followed by BLASTP. Pairwise and multiple alignment of sequences was done by using ClustalX software, and phylogenetic trees were constructed by using MEGA5 software. Medicago truncat...
Muhammad Haroon Hullio1,4, Abdul Ghani Lanjar2, Abdul Rahman Dhuyo3, Imran Khattri4 and Agha Mushtaque Ahmed4*
... justify;">White-backed planthopper (WBPH) Sogatella furcifera is one of the most important insect pests of rice throughout the Asia. The recent abundance of pest in Pakistan is in ascending order that requires high attention. Therefore, this study was designed to observe the emerging suitation of WBPH in Sindh province which is the main stack holding area of rice. Three different ecological zones of Sindh province including...
Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Composition of Freshwater Mussels, Anodonta pseudodopsis and Unio tigridis
Hülya Şereflişan and Beyza Ersoy Altun*
...ndex for comparing the relative nutritional value of seafood oil.Leucine and lysine were the most important proportions of the essential amino acids, and tryptophane was the minor one. The ratio of essential/non essential (E/NE) amino acids was determined as 0.37 for A. pseudodopsis and 0.34 for U. tigridis. Hence, these mussels are reliable sources of nutrition to cover amino acid requirements of human.
...
Safia Rehman1, Nazish Mazhar Ali1,*, Gerald B. Pier2, Iram Liaqat1 and Bushra Mazhar1
...s that are present in isolates from different environments. In the present study 72 samples from blood, 43 from sputum, and 19 were obtained from tracheal aspirates patients suffering from chronic and acute lung infections admitted to a local hospital in Lahore. Susceptibility of 134 isolates of P. aeruginosa was tested against selected antibiotics (meropenem, imipenem, piperacillin, amoxicillin, amikacin, gentamicin,...
Zisha Liu1, Na Song1, Takashi Yanagimoto2, Zhiqiang Han3, Bonian Shui3 and Tianxiang Gao3,*
... of three species (O. lacepedii, O. rebecca and Odontamblyopus sp.) were sequenced, their genomic structure examined, and their genome organization, arrangement and codon usage analyzed. Phylogenetic Bayesian and ML analyses were conducted, using a concatenated set of 12 protein-coding genes, and adding 16 other species of gobies (Gobiidae). The mitogenome sequences of O. lacepedii, O. rebecca<...
Habib-ur-Rehman1*, Saima Mirza1*, Mansoor-ul-Hasan2, Qurban Ali3, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir4, Muhammad Yasir5
...castaneum (Herbst). Plant materials (50 g powders of each of the plant was extracted on rotary shaker using four solvents viz.; methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether and n-hexane separately. Periodic analysis for the repellent effects was carried by impregnating each filter paper (half-disc of filter papers) with micropipette at three concentrations (5, 10 and15%) of each of the pla...
Farah Rauf Shakoori1,*, Tanzeela Riaz2, Uzma Ramzan1, Anum Feroz1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori2,3,*
...etabolism and macromolecular concentrations of 4th and 6th instar larvae of a stored grain pest, Trogoderma granarium. The LC50 values of esfenvalerate for 4th and 6th instar larvae of Phosphine and deltamethrin-susceptible population was 34.29 and 28.05ppm, respectively, while 39.30 and 32.67...
Hafiz Manzoor Ahmad1,*, Hamad Bin Rashid1, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Asim Khalid Mahmood1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Muhammad Rafi Ullah2 and Usman Ghani1
...ine (K+X) and ketamine-xylazine-diazepam (K+X+D). A total of 20 ducks presented at pet center University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore were divided into 2 equal groups each carrying 10 birds. The birds were monitored for various physiological parameters before and after anesthesia. The birds of K+X group were given ketamine hydrochloride (15 mg/kg) and xylazine (5 mg/kg), while K+X+D group were given ketamine hydr...
Adem Aksoy1, Yakup Erdal Ertürk2, Selim Erdoğan3, Ecevit Eyduran3 andMohammad Masood Tariq4,*
...re flexible compared to classical approaches. Several potential predictors in the survey were age of enterprise, province of enterprise (Agri, Kars and Erzurum), educational level, membership status of enterprise to an association of beekeepers (member and nonmember), other activities except for beekeeping (yes and no), number of full beehives, bee race (Caucasian, Carniolan, Italian and Crossbred), and frequency of changing...
Jam Ghulam Mustafa Sahito1*, Tajwer Sultana Syed1, Ghulam Hussain Abro1 and Inayatullah Rajper2
... conventional IPM on population of sucking insect pests of cotton during 2013. The population of sucking insect pests i.e., Bemesia tabaci, Amrasca biguttula biguttula and Scirtothrips dorsalis was recorded on weekly basis cotton grown with both green manure and IPM treatments. The green manure treatments suffered comparatively higher popu
Muhammad Sajid Mahmood1*, Muhammad Ashraf1, Ijaz Ahmad2, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar3, Sohail Latif4 Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar5 and Waqas Ahmad6
...ean grain yield by 56% relative to control. Pendimethalin @ 0.5 kg a.i. ha-1 mixed with barley water extract may be utilized to control weeds efficiently and enhance mungbean yields. ...
Muhammad Mobashar1, Muhammad Tahir1, Shahbaz Javaid2,*, Muhammad I. Anjum2, Insha Gul3, Nazir Ahmad1 andAbdul Sami1
...l of 9 Holstein Friesian lactating cows with nearly similar lactation stage and body weight were fed on three rations with proportions of 40% oat hay from different maturity stages i.e. boot, flowering and dough and 60% total mixed ration. The results showed that animals fed with oat hay from flowering stage (ration II) had significantly higher (P<0.05) dry matter (DM) intake fol...
Muhammad Zahid1, Naeem Iqbal1, Sohaib Muhammad2*, Summiya Faisal3, Wajid Mahboob3, Makhdoom Hussain4 and Zaheer ud din Khan2
...nd reproductive stages. Plant growth and grain yields were reduced under drought. Two glucose treatments (10 mM and 50 mM) improved tillering and dry biomass as compared to other treatments. Foliar sprayed-glucose treated plants showed increasing trends in grain yield under drought. Physio-chemical attributes were also modulated by exogenously applied carbohydrates. Nitrate reductase activ...
Saima Siddiqui1*, Ghulm Hussain Abro1, Tajwar Sultana Syed1 and Abdul Sattar Buriro2
... mix cropping on the population of sucking insect pests and their heteropteran predatory bugs was determined in cotton crop. Millet, maize and sunflower were grown as trap crops in cotton (cv CRIS-342) croping the experimental area of Entomology section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tandojam during 2011 and 2012. There was significant effect of trap crops on population reduction of jassid, thrips and white flyin cotton in...
Nevran Eylem Akman Gündüz1,* and Özgür Özcan2
...iv>The influence of the plant growth regulator gibberellic acid (GA3) on the hemolymph contents of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was examined. G. mellonella larvae were fed with a synthetic diet. The effects of GA3 on the hemolymph content of these
Kiran Aqil1, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan2, Asim Aslam2, Aqeel Javeed5, Rizwan Qayyum1, Farooq Yousaf,1 Farkhanda Yasmeen1, Muhammad Luqman Sohail3 and Sajid Umar4,*
...six dilutions of Nigella sativa (N. sativa)alcoholic extracts against the PPRV was investigated in vitro. Vero cell lines infected with PPRV were treated with six dilutions alcoholic extracts of N. sativa (200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 µg/mL). The antiviral effects were judged by 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide colorimetric (MTT) assay. Plaque reduction assay was u...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2,*, Rashid Mushtaq1, Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2, Sumaira Maqsood3, Ishita Ahuja4 and Atle M. Bones4
... health concerns. The isolates of S. litura nucleopolyhedroviruses (SltNPV) were collected from infected larvae fed on natural cotton crops. The NPV was isolated from the larvae and viral occlusion bodies (VOBs) were detected using a light microscope. The toxicity of native isolates against S. litura also...
Xiaqing Chen, Yü Huang and Zhen Huang*
...
...
Ghulam Abbas1, Khalid Pervez Akhtar1, Muhammad Ahsan2, Muhammad Jawad Asghar1, Fiaz Ahmad1 and Muhammad Rizwan3*
...ormation seems to be available for mung × mash interspecific recombinants. In this study, 72 mung × mash interspecific recombinant genotypes and a susceptible mungbean variety Mung Kabuli were screened against Yellow Mosaic Disease (YMD) using disease severity ratings by visual scoring of symptoms to calculate percent disease index (PDI). Tested recombinants responded differently to the disease. None of the teste...
Dan Yü, Chuchu Li, Yü Huang and Zhen Huang*
...ture supernatant and ethylacetate extracts from T. hamatum inhibited mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum, with EC50 value of 0.54 µl/cm2 and 2.99 µg/ml, respectively. The sclerotia production of S. sclerotiorum decreased when treated with ethylacetate extracts. The level of additive inhibition on S. sclerotiorum using both fungal ethyla
Malik Muhammad Yousaf1*, Muhammad Zeshan1,2, Mumtaz Hussain1, Muhammad Mohsin Raza1, Muhammad Jahangir Shah1, Bashir Ahmed1 and Sabir Hussain Shah3
...the source of N and its placement timings on growth and yield of raya. The experiment was laid out in the factorial arrangement within randomized complete block design (RCBD). Two sources of nitrogen i.e. urea and calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) and three nitrogen placement timings i.e. ½ at rauni + ½ at flowering (T1), ½ at sowing + ½ at flowering (T2) and &frac...
Arifa Mehreen1, Iram Liaqat2,Muhammad Arshad3, Muzzamil Waheed4 and Najma Arshad1,*
...icrobiological and molecular methods. The agar disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility. Virulence-associated genes were detected using PCR while association analysis was used to test the likelihood of strains carrying combinations of genes involved in toxin production and/or host immune evasion. Highest resistance was observed against beta-lactam group followed by cephalosporin, lincosamide, ...
Binbin Shan, Yan Liu, Changping Yang, Shengnan Liu and Dianrong Sun*
...ome of Penaeus penicillatus from four combined tissues (eyestalk, muscle, intestinal and viscus) using High-seq sequencing technology. A total of 65,703,216 high-quality clean reads were generated to produce 27,850 non-redundant transcripts with a mean length of 918 nt using Trinity and Tgicl software. For homological alignment, 13,083 unigenes had significant hits in Nr database. And then, 10,467 unigenes were annotated into three ontologies: biologica...
Adem Aksoy1, Yakup Erdal Ertürk2, Ecevit Eyduran3 and Mohammad Masood Tariq4,*
...rience, social security, lands and the reason at ranching of the animal breeders) and biological factors (sex, first live weight before fattening and fattening period of the beef cattle) were recorded from the related beef cattle enterprises. For the statistical evaluation of MARS algorithm, the package “earth” of the R software was employed based on the smallest GCV value. In the CHAID algorithm, minimum enterpr...
Ali Karabayir1,*, Nazan Arifoğlu2 and Mustafa Öğütcü3
...ct of disinfectant (2% Halamid, N-Chloro-Paratoluenesulphonamide trihydrate) addition into drinking water on the growth performance of three different chicken strains, Plymouth Rock, Australorp and Village (local mix-breed village chickens) was evaluated in the present study. Supplementation of disinfectant clearly improved the microbiological quality of chicken drinking water, by reducing...
Ali Sher1*, Khalid Naveed1, Gulzar Ahmad2, Ayub Khan1, Muhammad Saeed1 and Shah Masaud1
...owth and development of plant. Improving N availability to plants improve biomass production and also increase the shoot Fe content and accumulation of Zn in wheat plants. Experiments were conducted at the Cereal Crop Research Institute (CCRI) Pirsabak, Noweshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during 2014-15 and 2015-16...
Iqra Arooj1,* and Shahida Hasnain2
...y).
...
Muhammad Ishfaq1*, Nadeem Akbar1, Imran Khan1, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum1, Usman Zulfiqar1, Muhammad Ahmad1, Mumtaz Ahmad2 and Muhammad Umer Chattha1
...hment, yield and yield-related attributes along with quality of direct seeded rice. Farmer field-based experiment comprised two soil moisture regimes at the time of sowing: (M1 = Sowing in moist (field capacity) condition, M2= Sowing in dry condition) in main plots, while three different row spacings (S1: broadcasting, (no defined row spacing) S2: 11.25 cm row spacing, S3: 22.50 cm row spacing) were assigned to sub-plots. The experimental results revealed that...
Naeem Ahmad1,* and Zulqurnain2*
...etically improved farm tilapia (GIFT), is derived through selective breeding from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) which is native to Africa, has been adopted as an important aquaculture fish worldwide in last few decades. Selection of the suitable strain for farming is always a critical decision for farmers. The purpose of the present study was to compare the growth performance...
Majid Hussain1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain1,*, Razia Iqbal2, Arshad Javid3, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad1,4 and Muhammad Zubair-ul-Hassan Arsalan1
...wth performance of Catla catla fingerlings. MOLM based diet was sub-divided into one control diet (0% CA) and five test diets, each supplemented with 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% CA, respectively. Chromic oxide as an inert marker was added in the diets to determine nutrient digestibility. The fingerlings were fed twice daily at the rate of 5 % of live wet body weight on their respective diets. Supplementation of CA in MOLM b...
Gokhan Sahin1, Ecevit Eyduran2,*, Mete Turkoglu3 and Fatma Sahin2
...ion amounts at location (lat. 40.07.16 North and long 43.35.00 East) of migratory birds found in Iğdır province of Turkey. In the estimation of global irradiation parameters (Hd: average daily sum of global irradiation per square meter and Hm: average annually sum of global irradiation per square meter), several predictors viz. ESTLOSTEMP (estimated losses due to temperature and low irradiance), ESTLOSANGREF (estimated loss due to angu<...
Shoukat Ara1, Sheikh Adil2,*and Manzoor Ahmad Khan3
...n of aquatic fern Azolla cristata on growth, serum biochemistry and laying performance layer chicken, a study was conducted on 240 key stone golden layer chicks which were randomly assigned into five groups having three replicates of 16 each. Birds in control (T1) group were fed the basal diet, where as other groups the groundnut cake w...
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2 and Mujahid Iqbal3
...ole of Mobile phone cellular technology for dissemination of information regarding Macrosiphum miscanthi, attack on wheat crop by mobile phone. A sample size of 60 farmers was selected by systematic sampling technique using the available list of the farmers provided by Agricultural Extension Department. The respondents were than randomly assigned into two groups, one group was comprised of experimental group (to whom a set o...
Rida Zainab1, Sana Elahi1, Afshan Kaleem2,*, Daniel C. Hoessli3, Mehwish Iqtedar2, Roheena Abdullah2, Faiza Saleem2, Shanza Khan1, Anusha Ijaz1, Shagufta Naz2 and Abdul R. Shakoori4,5,*
...or Schizophrenia were replaced with by second generation ones with less side-effects like Parkinsonism and Hyperprolactinemia. A novel, computer-based drug designing technique, has emerged to develop more efficient drugs. One of the computational methods becoming increasingly popular to develop new drugs is relying on Pharmacophores. This method was utilized to develop pharmacophore models...
Junaid Akhtar1,2, Sidrah Saleem1, Naveed Shahzad3, Abdul Waheed1, Iqra Jameel1, Farhan Rasheed4 and Shah Jahan5,*
...globe. Currently, β-lactam ring containing antibiotics predominantly carbapenems, are considered as last treatment option against multi-drug resistance GNR infections. However, the emergence of carbapenemases particularly metallo β-lactamases (MBLs) in bacteria have severely mitigated the efficiency of carbapenems. MBLs producing gram-negative ...
Ashraf Khan1*, Suliman Shah2, Maid Zaman3 and Komal Habib2
...stify;">Asian citrus psylla, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is considered to be the most noxious pest of almost all species and varieties of citrus and its infestation found throughout the world. It is becoming serious threat to the brightening future of citrus growing areas of Pakistan. Thirteen different insecticides were usedfor effective control against citrus psylla under field conditions. Popula
Muhammad Faheem Jan1*, Asad Ali Khan1, Waqas Liaqat1, Haseeb Ahmad1, Muhammad Dawood Ahmadzai1 and Wazir Rehan2
... and the remaining was balanced form inorganic source for supplying a total K of 80 kg ha-1. Randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement was used. Hybrids were allotted to main plots and K ratios to subplot. Analysis of the data showed that crop phenology, growth, and yield of maize were significantly affected by both hybrids and potassium ratios. Maize hybrids and potassium ratios did differ in crop phenology (days to emergence, tasseling, si...
Iqbal Javed1*, Amar Razzaq2, Mudassar Yasin3, Muhammad Ali Imran4, Haroon Javaid5, Iftikhar Nabi6, Anum Sardar1 and Shahbaz Ahmad7
...stock has a key role to play in providing the employment and to feed the population of Pakistan by providing them the milk and meat. The demand of mutton is everywhere in the world and also in the domestically in Pakistan. The share of livestock in the national gross domestic product is about 11 %. Pakistan is at number twelve in exports of the mutton according to the estimation of 2015. Although Pakistan’s meat indust...
Madiha Naz1, Qudrat Ullah Khan1*, M. Jamil Khan1, Obaid Ullah Sayal2, Asim Afridi3 and Aziz Ullah Sayal3
...K. Number of fruits per plant were recorded highest in the pots recieving poultry manure either with Foliar NPK or NAA. The yield of tomato was found greater in the treatments recieving soil applied NP, which was statistically similar in the treatment recieving poultry manure with foliar NPK. The treatments in the current study have shown to influence the qualitative parameter of tomato as total soluble solids, while the wat...
Dilara A. Bukhari1,*, Naureen Fatima1 and Abdul Rehman2
...ringiensis (B.t.) isolates for Cry11 and assess their potential use for mosquito control. A total of 15 B.t. isolates were collected, of which 75% were from dry, leaf litter, garden soil samples, 15% were from animal waste and 10 % were from moist soil of the crop area. A 650bp of cry11 gene was amplified by PCR and seven isolateswere found positive for cry11 gene....
Nusrat Habib1*, Asim Zubair2 and Aisha Siddiqua3
...unflower have opposite relation with the seed cost, land rent, area under tobacco, area under sugarcane and price of sunflower seed, while positively related to the area under sunflower with the variables such as total operational holding, sunflower yield and sale price of sunflower. In case of determining yield of sunflower use of DAP and organic manure were significant and positively cor...
Muhammad Khan1,*, Amara Maryam2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1 and Yongming Li3,*
...de I (BHS-1), a natural flavonol glycoside inhibits BaP-induced A549 lung cancer metastasis by modulating the expressions of p-STAT3, COX-2, MMP-2, MMP-9, E-cadherin and N-cadherin. Moreover, we found that chronic BaP exposure promoted migration without enhancing the proliferation of cells and BHS-I was equally toxic to both BaP-treated and untreated A549 cells. Taken together, the data of present study indicate that BHS-I n...
Saif Ullah and Mohammad Akmal*
... six rows were made and planted at 0.7m spacing on ridges. Results revealed that N 120 kg ha-1 resulted in the maximum days to flowering, leaf chlorophyll content, capitulum diameter and grains including their weight, which resulted in higher grains yield. Likewise, the increased in P rates have shown better results for all the observed traits with P 90 kg ha-1. Sulphur application of 30 kg ha-1 also showed better performance on sunflower yield traits. At some...
Safina Naz1, Muhammad Akbar Anjum1, Saeed Akhtar2, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi3* and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4
...er are a reason of accumulation of heavy metals leads to the production of contaminated food which exerts serious health risks to the humans. In the present study, edible portions of five vegetables viz., okra, tomato, spinach, carrot and cauliflower, grown with canal, tubewell and sewage irrigation water, were assessed for their proximate (moisture, ash, protein and fiber) and heavy metal (Pb, Ni, Cu, Cd, Fe and Cr) contents. Significant differences were foun...
Muhammad Javed Iqbal and Muhammad Naeem*
...ong with Length-weight relationships (LWRs) were carried out for five groups of juvenile Labeo rohita fed with various protein: Energy ratios; fish meal (T0), 25%CP (Crude proteins) (T1), 30%CP (T2), 35%CP (T3) and 40%CP (T4). Experiment was designed to replace enriched fish meal diets with cheaper plant origin crude protein diets in fish culture. A total of 15 aquaria having 20 samples ea...
Safina Naz1, Khushbo Hussain1, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar2* and Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi3
...phyll contents were calculated as 71.09 (SPAD Value), while fresh weight of leaves was 4.9g, dry weight was 0.38g while fresh weight of fruit was 113.34g and fruit length was 9.80 cm. However, the combination of NAA and SA gave vine length upto 13.99 feet while chlorophyll content was 73.99 SPAD Value, while fresh weight of leaves is 5.70g, dry weight is 0.46g. Orange oil extract also gave good response on vine length with 11.99 feet; while chlorophyll content...
Mian Noor Hussain Asghar Ali, Liaquat Ali Jamali, Shakeel Ahmed Soomro*, Shakeel Hussain Chattha, Khalil Ahmed Ibupoto, Naseer Ahmed Abbasi and Noor Mehdi Qumi
...ms which are caused by delayed transportation with unfavorable storage conditions. Keeping the fact in view a study observing post-harvest losses of sugarcane was carried out at the Department of Farm Structures, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam. Freshly harvested SPF-234 sugarcane variety was collected and stored for 10 days under two different methods i.e. one kept open and other covered with sugarcane trash. The samples of sugarcane were taken at an i...
Shafaq Fatima*, Sumrin Sahar and Khalid Lone
...renal axis.
...
Zain ul Abidin1, Aisha Khatoon2, Abdul Whab Manzoor1,*, Nida Arooj1, Sajjad Ali1 and Muhammad Numan1
...rom a few days which can last up to one year in few cases. This case report presents the diagnosis and screening of suspected rabies samples of cow and mule. Clear behavioral changes along with paralysis of tail and hind legs were noticed in the mice of both groups between 11-15 days post inoculation while all the mice were found dead between 15-18 days post inoculation in mouse inocu
Haroon Rashid1,*, Khushi Muhammad1, Masood Rabbani1, Muhammad Sarwar Khan1, Tasleem Ghori2, Mamoona Chaudhry3, Hamad Bin Rashid2, Muhammad Zubair Shabbir1, Muhammad Hamid Chaudhary4, Muhammad Asad Ali1, Mian Muhammad Khubaib Sattar5, Javed Muhammad1 and Bhushan Jayarao6
...v>A multidisciplinary collaborative project was conducted to study the prevalence and distribution of soil-borne B. anthracis in Punjab Province, Pakistan and to ascertain its public health significance. Using a grid-based sampling strategy, soil samples (n=1985) were collected from villages (n = 397, 5 samples/village) and examined for Bacillus anthracis, using real time PCR...
Imran Taj1,*, Ferhat Abbas1, Zafar Ahmad1, Mohammad Kamran Taj1, Deedar Ahmad2, Zahoor Ahmed2, Ghulam Mohammad2, Ajaz-ul-Haq1, Farooq Shahzad1 and Sabiha Azam3
...nd PCR. Antibiograms and lab animal trials were also carried out on local isolates of C. perfringens type D. Out of 204 analyzed samples, 89.18 % were found positive while 10.82 % were negative for C. perfringens type D. The division wise distribution showed that Quetta, Zhob, Sibi and Kalat were more effected zones of the Balochistan province. Sheep were more effected (54.78...
In-vitro Anticancer Activity of Copper (II) and Zinc (II) Complexes with Derived Schiff Base Ligands
Qaisar Jamal1,Salman Ahmad1, Nazma Habib Khan1, Sobia Wahid1, Muhammad Ikram2, Sadia Rehman2, Syed Basit Rasheed1 and Akram Shah1,*
... leukemia cell line in-relation to miltefosine (standard chemotherapy). Mean % inhibition for NM-3 against THP-1 was higher than NM-4, although both were less effective than miltefosine. IC50 for miltefosine, NM-3 and NM-4 against THP-1was 0.000347µM, 44.9µM and 119µM; whereas, their cytotoxicity was 72.26µM, 255µM and 293.8µM, respectively against peripheral blood lymphocytes. Based on the findings of present stu...
Iqbal Ahmad Alvi, Muhammad Asif, Rabia Tabassum, Zaigham Abbas and Shafiq ur Rehman*
...l common practice is available and the storage conditions may differ from phage to phage. There is disparity among the scientific community regarding bacteriophage storage conditions and various conditions (4 oC, -20 oC, -80 oC and liquid nitrogen freezing at -196°C) are used by different laboratories. In this study, the storage stability of five bacteriophages, JHP, RLP, RSP, SaPL, and I...
Tariq Aziz1, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil1, Quaid Hussain1,3*, Tariq Shah2,3, Nazir Ahmad1 and Amir Sohail1
...ed for grain yield and related traits in 12 F3 populations of wheat got from mating of six advanced lines and two widely cultivated cultivars (Pirsabak-08 and Janbaz) at University of Agriculture, Peshawar during 2013-14. All wheat genotypes (8 parents and 12 F3 populations) showed significant differences for all traits. Cultivar Janbaz had maximum spike length (13.9 cm) and maximum number...
Amtur Rafeh, Rana Manzoor Ahmad, Ayesha Iqbal, Abdul Majid Khan*
...ssil material of Gazella sp. from the Chinji Formation, Chakwal District, Pakistan, is described and discussed in this paper. The dental remains comprise isolated upper and lower molars. The antilopine genus Gazella has great diversity from Middle Miocene to Pliocene from Africa to Eurasia. The morphological characteristics indicate this ge...
Wajid Ali1,*, Asma Karim1, Muhammad Irfan2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3*, Ghulam Mustafa4, Zeeshan Shafique1, Ijaz Anwar1
... Mucous cells and severe lamellar fusion. It was concluded that, deltamethrine is highly toxic for non-target aquatic organisms like silver carp (Hypophthalmicthyes molitrix).
...
Muhammad Abu Sufyan Ali, Syed Attaullah Shah*, Ghaffar Ali and Muhammad Fayaz
... the determinants of farmland prices in central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan), using land transaction records for 2015-16. Results from Hedonic Pricing analysis show that location, environmental and agricultural characteristics of a farmland determine its price. Residential and commercial encroachment on fertile irrigated farmlands at urban fringe is a
Rahim Dad Brohi1,*, Amir Bukhsh Kalhoro1, Allah Bux Kachiwal1, Illahi Bux Kalhoro1, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro1, Sarfaraz Ahmed2, Farhan Anwar Khan3, Hira Sajjad Talpur1, Zia-ur-Rehman1 and Dinesh Bhattaria4
...ter premedication with xylazine hydrochloride (0.02 mg/kg) has been studied on six healthy female sheep using a crossover design. During xylazine therapy the pulse rate was significantly (P<0.01) decreased, but respiratory rate remained unchanged. The administration of anesthesia on the other hand caused a significant (P<0.01) increase in the pulse rate and a significant (P<0.01) decrease in the respiratory rate. Th...
Lamiaa Elsayed Mokhtar Deef
... assessment of changes related to the appearance of non-native species in an environment. The biometrics and molecular markers were used to confirm the identification of A. albiventris at the species level. In the current work 757 bp and 668 bp were identified as regions of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cyt b) and mitochondrial 12S rRNA genes, sequences of both genes were placed i...
Faxiang Wang, Yan Chen, Sai Chen, Xianghong Li, Jian Yu, Jianhui Wang and Yongle Liu*
...teins with low MW were relatively stable but still gradually degraded. So the key time point for cold storage of grass carp is approximately 4-6 days.
...
Sana Rana1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2* and Khalid Abbas1
...lfan(END) mixture on catalase (CAT) activity in gills of carnivorous fish Channa striata was observed. Fish were exposed to sub-lethal concentration (1/3rd of LC50) of DM+END mixture for 14-day. CAT was partially purified by using ammonium sulphate precipitation technique and kinetic characterization was also performed against different pH and temperature. CAT activity was measured spectrophotometrically at A240 nm. Results showed that highest CAT activity was...
Safina Naz1, Muhammad Akbar Anjum1, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi2*, Bushra Siddique3 and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4
...nt study was therefore, planned to assess the essential proximate nutritional and mineral contents in edible parts of some vegetables. All the analyses were carried out by following the standard analytical procedures during 2014. The highest values for ash contents were detected in Abelmoschus esculentus (1.34 g/100g), moisture contents in Lycopericon esculentum (93.7%), protein in Spinacia oleracea (2.23g/100g), fats and fiber in Abelmoschus esculentus (0.44g...
Abdur Rehman1* and Shad Khan Khalil2
...ext-align: justify;">Canola (Brassica napus L.) is a rich source of vegetable oil. Its production is often limited by shortage of water during reproductive stages. Salicylic acid, potassium nitrate and methanol are considered to induce drought tolerance in plants. Field trials were conducted at Agricultural Research Institute Tarnab, Peshawar-Pakistan to study the effects of moisture stress and foliar application of chemical...
Shamsher Ali1, Zakir Ullah Jan1*, Zahir Shah2, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Farmanullah Khan2, Inayat ur Rahman3 and Shah Fahad3
...The field experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangements having two maize varieties in main pot and six levels of fertilizer treatments in sub pots repeated four times. Fertilizers treatments were made from the application of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P2O5) and farmyard manure (FYM) which was collected from cattle barnyard. A total of six fertilizer treatments were used viz T1 = control (no application of inputs), T2 =...
Yasir Ali1*, Muhammad Aslam Khan1, Muhammad Atiq1 and Muhammad Hussain2
...r, genotypes such as Inqilab-91, Bluebird, Kenya Plume and Hope developed in early part of green revolution retained their resistance for longer period due to presence of non-specific rust resistance genes. Until now, 187 rust resistance genes (80 leaf rust, 49 stripe rust, 58 stem rust) have been described from different wheat and durum cultivars and related local species using different molecula
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Bushra Hassan2, Nadeem Anwar2, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel3 and Shafique-ur-Rehman4
...of union councils and villages in tehsil Sargodha was obtained from local district office of the Population Welfare Department. All rural families live in tehsil Sargodha served as population in the study. Tehsil Sargodha was selected purposively. Of the 62 rural union councils, four were selected purposively and from each selected union council two villa
Yang Liu1,2,3, Baimei Liu1,2,3, Chenchen Li1,2,3 and Meiwen An1,2,3,*
...erized by aberrant fibroblast phenotypes and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Pressure therapy is a common treatment to cure HS, which can regulate collagen synthesis and deposition. To investigate collagen metabolism in keratinocytes and fibroblasts co-culture under pr...
Haozhen Liu1, Xiangfu Li2, Yinong Wang1,*, Xun Liu3,4, Li Wang1, Dong Liu1, Chen Chen1, Jinjing Li1, Haifeng Jiao5 and Zhongjie You1,5
...ns of macrobenthic assemblages. Result showed that most of variation in macrobenthic spatial patterns were explained by the studied environmental variables. Sedimentary sulfide, sedimentary total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen and water colour are the certain environmental factors that have proved shaping the distribution of macrobenthic abundance, diversity and multivariate structure of the assembla
Li Lv1, Liuan Li1,*, Ruibo Zhang1, Zhichao Deng1, Tianming Jin1 and Gaimei Du2
...roduction of North China laying hens. Healthy 60-week-old hens (n = 160) were randomly divided into four experimental groups and fed a basal diet supplemented with selenium enriched yeast at differing levels: 0.0 mg/kg (control group), 0.3 mg/kg (low-dose group), 0.6 mg/kg (medium-dose group) and 1.2 mg/kg (high-dose group). Each experimental group had four cohorts and each cohort had 10 hens. Experimental diets were fed for 28 d and daily egg productio...
Muhammad Asam Riaz1, Javeria Choudhary1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Afzal1, Sohail Ahmed2 and Muhammad Sajjad Khalil1
...four different field populations of red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) collected from Faisalabad (Fsd-strain), Jhang (Jh-strain), Sahiwal (Swl-strain) and Sargodha (Sgd-strain) districts of Pakistan. Bioassays with two frequently used insecticides, i.e. deltamethrin and permethrin and one biological insecticide, spinosad, were performed on these strains of T. castaneum. Toxicological studies demonstrated that Fsd-, Jh- a...
Xiaojie Ding, Xiling Sun, Zuien Wang, Qiusheng Zheng, Xiaofei Yu, Wenjin Hao, Kejun Wang, Wenjuan Xu and Zhengping Dong*
...5), and alleviate the inflammatory reaction and accumulation of bacterial endotoxins; (3) Wumei Pill could reduce the transcriptional level of TLR4/9mRNA, to decrease TLR4/9 protein synthesis and expression. So we concluded that Wumei Pill probably reduce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the bacterial endotoxins by blocking the transmission of TLR4/9-NF-kB signaling pathway so...
Raza Ullah Khan*, Ahmad Khan, Mohammad Zameer Khan, Fayyaz Hussain and Sonia Saba
...ment was carried out in glasshouse to evaluate effect of phosphorus (P) applied either through soil or foliar or proportional combination thereof. Treatments consists of whole P applied as soil (PS =100%), foliar (Pf=100%) or different combination (PS75:Pf25, PS50:PF50, PS25:Pf75) to wheat grown in 5 kg soil in plastic container. Data on plant growth parameters (pl...
Qiang Li1,2, Guo Qiao2, Li Wang1, Jipeng Zhang1, Ruijun Li1, Ping Ni1, Yi Guo1 and Shigen Ye1,*
...lected and 70 strains isolated from naturally diseased T. rubripes. Most isolates were obtained in May, September and December. The isolates were identified through 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and Vibrio spp.-specific PCR amplification, followed by pathogenicity determination. Results showed that the isolates belonged to 10 genera, incl...
Ali Murad Rahoo1, Tariq Mukhtar2,*, Barkat Ali Bughio3 and Rehana Kanwal Rahoo4
... in controlling a particular insect under field conditions. The production of infective juveniles (IJ) from Galleria mellonella cadavers may differ among different species of EPN and hosts of various sizes. Therefore, the objective of conducting the present study was to compare the productivity of two EPN (Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora) in G. mellonella...
Şehriban Çek Yalnız 1,* and Erdal Yilmaz2
.../div>...
Peng Xu1, Bin Liu1,2, Yongqiang Zhao3, Shicheng Lv3 and Changhu Lu1,*
...f climate changes on population fluctuation of red-crowned crane is of great significance for the species protection and management. Here, based on the annual maximum population size of red-crowned crane wintering in Yancheng Nature Reserve (YNR) from 1981 to 2016, we tested the correlation between population size and the climate variables. The results s...
Amar Razzaq1, Abdur Rehman4*, Abdul Hassan Qureshi2, Iqbal Javed3, Raheel Saqib5 and Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal6
...ative to make use of available water resources more efficiently through high-efficiency irrigation systems (HEIs). The present study aimed to conduct the economic analysis of high efficiency irrigation systems in Punjab province of Pakistan. We also measured and compared the water productivity of modern and conventional-irrigated farms. We used primary data collected from 120 farmers located in Nurpur Thal, Bhalwal, Sargodha and Lodhran districts of Punjab pro...
Sajad Ali1*, Syed Asghar Ali Shah2, Jaffar Ali3, Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal4, Arshadullah Jadoon5 and Farmanullah6
...ction as well as their related promoting rehearses, categorize the scenario of socio-economic, methodical and marketing restraints faced by the farmers in augmenting and stimulating export of the country. The pea’s cultivators and also market agents were quizzed by using structured questionnaires in two related districts that is Haripur and Mansehra in the year 2013-14. The data were...
Soumble Zulfiqar1, Khuram Shehzad1, Sana Tahir1, Khalid A. Al-Ghanim2 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori1,2,3,*
... to acting as copper regulatory elements, CueOs have been shown to possess laccase activity. In this study, we have cloned and over-expressed the CueO of locally isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae KW strain. The CueO protein was purified to homogeneity by nickel affinity chromatography. Enzyme assays of CueO protein with phenolic substrates revea...
Saima Shahzad Mirza1,*, Hafiz Muhammad Qamer2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3,*, Rana Shoaib Akram4
...uate the effect and correlation of weaning process in infants above 6 months of age with their mothers’ literacy level, employment, physical and financial health. This study was conducted at Kishwar Fazal Teaching Hospital Lahore in an OPD pediatrics. For this purpose, cross sectional survey data of 34 conservative mothers was analyzed, obtained by means of questionnaire. Initiation of weaning process at proper time is found to be somewhat finance limite...
Nimra Naseer, Adeela Fatima and Imran Sajid*
...l active compounds to replace currently used antibiotics in order to evade resistance. Currently, the pathogenic organisms of concern are methicillin and vancomycin resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter spp., extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Prot...
Fan Shuli1*, Ameer Hussain Jarwar1,3, Xiaoyan Wang2, Long Wang1 and Qifeng Ma1
...tton cultivation. Particularly in non-traditional cotton cultivation zones which is facing a limited insect-pest-pressure. Moreover, water scarcity is extremely high temperature in the core zones colligate, which is already under observations where the temperature is extremely high. In Pakistan, closely 1.7 million peoples they are engaged in growing cotton crop. The farmers of Pakistan surveying and evolution for high quality of fiber and high quality of lint...
Merica Slišković1, Meta Povž2, Marina Piria3,*, Goran Jakšić4, Ana Gracanin5 andGorana Jelić Mrčelić1
... required.
...
Asad Ullah1, Umar Sadique Khattak2, Sultan Ayaz1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2, Imad Khan1, Ibad Ullah Jan2, Irfan Khattak1, Raheela Taj3, Sahar Nigar4, Naimat Ullah Khan1,Mumtaz Ali Khan5 and Muhammad Luqman Sohail6,*
...tuberculosis (bTB) among large ruminants of the five districts (Peshawar, Nowshera, Charsadda, Mardan and Swabi) located in the central zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. A total of 2400 large ruminants were sampled by convenience sampling approach and tested by comparative cervical intradermal tuberculin test (CCIT) for detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection. Data regarding socio-demographic status, risk...
Qudrat Ullah1,*, Huma Jamil1, Zafar Iqbal Qureshi1, Muhammad Saqib2 and Heinrich Neubauer3
...sease caused by Coxiella burnetii, acts as a major trade barricade and adversely affects the productive and reproductive capabilities of animals. This study was planned to investigate the sero-prevalence of Coxiellosis and its relationship with some important risk factors in small ruminants kept at nine government livestock farms of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 1000 blood samples (5...
Zulqarnain and Zafar Iqbal*
...o the complete death of plant. None of the strategies in controlling the wilt have shown fruitful results. Dual culture assay was employed is this study to identify the fungal species with their potent antifungal activity against the Fusarium wilt of tomato. Six distinct fungal species including Penicillium sp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Trichoderma harzianum, Alternaria solan...
Bushra Qadir1, Muhammad Asim2 and Mohammad Akmal1*
... (TDN). Green forage availability fluctuates in months of the year due to prevailing climate. Alfalfa, with higher potential, can be adjusted in the cropping system for supplying green forage around the year. Nonetheless, its initial growth for stand establishment is a major issue. Treatments of the experiments were four alfalfa varieties (i.e. UCD, Dura, Vernal and Cuf 101) whose seed were treated with overnight in bio-extracts solution made of perennial tree...
Bata Shalangwa Ishaku1*, Maimadu Abdullahi1, Dakwang Nalong1, Rengkat Jonah1 and Olabode Mayowa2
...e the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in pigs, sheep and goats at slaughter in Jos, Plateau State Nigeria. Five hundred (500) serum samples comprising of 300 pigs, 100 each of sheep and goats were collected and analyzed for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies (IgG) using latex agglutination test (
Moorthy S. Muthuswamy
... called “radical Islam” has become a global threat. In particular, a form of Sunni Muslim radicalism called Salafi radicalism—embraced by jihadist groups such as al Qaeda, the Taliban, and the Islamic State—has gained prominence. What role religious leaders play in causing this phenomenon is not...
Hans Van Eyghen
...critically evaluate the claim that modern scientific theories debunk belief in spirits. I reconstruct the argument as an argument for the conclusion that belief in spirits is unreliably formed. In order to assess the argument I look closer at three well-known explanations of how people form belief in spirits. They are: the Hyperactive Agency Detection Device, an explanation that points to ...
Muhammad Israr1*, Saeed Ullah1, Shakeel Ahmad2, Asif Yaseen3, Urooba Pervaiz4 and Nafees Ahmad5
... measure the agriculture land degradation process in northern irrigated plains of Pakistan by studying the perceptions of the farmers about the different dimensions of agriculture LD with the construction of LD index. For achieving this primary data was collected by proportionate random sampling techniques form 90 sampled farmers through face to face interview survey method by filling a questionnaire. Farmer’s percepti...
Abid Hussain1*, Muhammad Azeem Khan2, Muhammad Anjum Ali Buttar3, Umar Farooq4, Muhmmad Islam5 and Zahid Ullah Khan1
...gh value crops in particular. Presently average weighted tax rate on all fertilizers is 5.83 percent. The imposition of uniform tax rate of 5% on all fertilizers, without cash subsidy on urea will reduce financial implication to Rs. 43 billion and at 2% tax rate financial implication will be Rs. 53.7 billion per annum. Imposition of uniform tax rates will result into decrease in market prices of fertilizers, consequently their use will be higher and ba
Muhammad Luqman1, Raheel Saqib2*, Mujahid Karim1, Khalid Nawab2, Abdur Rehman3 and Muhammad Yaseen1
...ad only up to 5 acres of land. Majority (65.6%) were perceived as poor (having monthly income >7000 PKR). Regarding impact of agro forestry on rural household food security “good source of fuel wood” ranked first (mean=2.95). Small land holding was one of the major constraints (mean=2.62). Decrease in soil loss was the main advantage of agro-forestry as perceived by majority of respondents. There was highly si...
Arshad Iqbal1*, Syed Mehar Ali Shah1, Hidayat ur Rahman1, Faiza Aman2 and Aziz-ur-Rahman1
...th their 8 parents were planted in a randomized complete block design (RCB) having three replications at The University of Agriculture, Peshawar during 2016 rice crop growing season. Data were taken on some of the morphological traits like number of days to heading (days), number of days to maturity (days), flag leaf area (cm2), culm length (cm), panicle length (cm), primary branches panicle-1 (no.) and secondary panicle bra...
Song Jiang1,2, Fa-lin Zhou1, Qi-bin Yang1, Jian-hua Huang1, Li-shi Yang1 and Shi-gui Jiang1*
...e hepatopancreas of the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) were investigated via the effects of thermal stress on superoxide anion (O2-) production, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione (GSH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration, as well as nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and nitric oxide (NO) concentration catalyzed by NOS. Based on biochemical analysis of the above, results showed that O2
Yuan Li1, Liyan Zhang2, Karhoe Loh3, Ji Feng1, Xinqing Zheng1, Puqing Song1 and Longshan Lin1,*
...akenly identified as the larva of Pampus argenteus or Pampus cinereus because of its small size. Despite its importance, studies on the population genetics of P. minor are not yet available. In the present study, the mitochondrial Cytb gene was employed to investigate the population genetics of P. minor collected along the coa...
Ocheme Julius Okojokwu1*, Maryam Bisola Adebayo2, Bashiru Shafa Abubakar3, Ibrahim Abubakar Yusuf2 and Joseph Aje Anejo-Okopi1
... spontaneous abortion, aplastic crisis and acute symmetric polyarthropathy. The present study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of Human Parvovirus B19 IgG and IgM antibodies and to determine the risk factors associated with acquisition of the virus. A total of 326 blood samples were collected from consenting pregnant women who were attending antenatal clinic in Abuja, Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on socio-demography ...
Inzimamul Haq1*, Shahid Sattar1, Bashir Ahmed1, Qamar Zeb2 and Amjad Usman3
...nst Chilo partellus in Jalal variety of maize and selectivity for the bio-control agent, T. chilonis were carried out under field conditions at Agricultural Research Institute, Tarnab Peshawar during 2016. Treatments viz Proclaim (Emamectin benzoate® 1.9 EC) + T. chilonis, Confidor® (Imidacloprid 200 SL) + T. chilonis, Chlorpyrifos® 40 EC + T. chilonis, Neem seed extract + T. chilonis and release of T. chilonis a...
Saeed Ahmad Shah Chishti1, Mudassar Iqbal1*, Nusrat Parveen1, Kashif Nadeem1, Muhammad Iqbal1, Umbreen Shahzad2, Rana Husnain Shabbir1 and Muhammad Najeebullah1
...Research Institute, Faisalabad Pakistan. The variety was tested in replicated varietal/ station yield trials and multi-locational trials from 2001 to 2014. Sarsabz gave higher green pod yield (8.52 t/ha) than existing pea varieties i.e. Pea-2009 (7.51 t/ha) and Meteor (6.86 t/ha) and Climax (6.94 t/ha) on average basis. It yielded 13 % more than better check (Pea-2009). The most distinguishing trait of this variety is its greater pod width (2.04 cm) than Pea-2...
Shaista Naz1*, Noor Paio Khan1, Naveed Afsar2 and Ashfaq Ahmad Shah3
...n were found dominant in large ruminants’ possession (buffalo and cattle). Women’s higher time allocation to livestock management activities depicted their higher level of participation in livestock management was found high as compared to their male counterparts. Women’s participation was found high in the indoor activities of livestock management like feeding, shed cleaning, and milking of animal’s women’s participation was foun...
Asif Nawaz* and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
...sample t-tests were calculated to achieve the study objectives. Results of the study revealed that Field Assistants were incompetent in competencies regarding record keeping on climate change issues, recording and reporting climate change impacts, use of cultural practices to mitigate climate change impacts, promoting cultivation of improved crop varieties regarding climate change and evaluating adaptation options. Highly significant difference at 1% level of ...
Monsif Ur Rehman1*, Hidayat-ur-Rahman1, Muhammad Iqbal2, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil1 and Zahir Shah3
...nts. Promising maize populations (and their hybrids) could be used as a source for inbred line development as well as cost-effective alternatives to single-cross hybrids. This study was aimed at determining combining ability and grain yield performance of S1 lines derived from ten maize populations. These populations were crossed in half diallel design and the resulting 45 cross combinatio...
Sher Nawab Khan* and Ghulam Hassan
...="text-align: justify;">Plants contribute almost 93% of food and among the crops wheat has the largest contribution of about 80% to the total global cereal production. Eight wheat cultivars including a land race were crossed in 8×8 full diallel fashion during 2014-15 wheat growing season. In the succeeding crop season all the 56 F1 hybrids and their parents were evaluated during 2015...
Aneel Salman1, Muhammad Iftikhar ul Husnain1, Inayatullah Jan2*, Muhammad Ashfaq2, Mudassar Rashid1 and Usman Shakoor1
...ut 68 percent of the population for their sustenance. Farmers’ perception about climate change, current adaptation measures, and decision-making process is important for farmers’ successful adaptation strategies. Using data of 205 conventional farmers from three district of Punjab province, this study provides insights into farmers’ perceptions about climate change, on-going adaptation practices, and constraints to various adaption strategies...
Amjad Ali1, Abbas Ullah Jan1, Lal Almas2, Noor Piao Khan1 and Khurran Nawaz Saddozai1
... of parameters were calculated by maximum likelihood estimation techniques. Per acre total yield, land rent and per acre inputs cost (labor hired, seed, tractor hours, irrigation, Urea, DAP, FYM and pesticides) were considered determinants for cost function. Respondent age, farming experience, education, family size, off-farm income, farm to home distance, tenancy and extension contacts ar...
Ambrin Rajput*
...">Chickpea is one of the largest and highly cultivable pulse crops which plays a major part in fulfilling the nutritional requirements of human. Limited research has been done on chickpea concern with potassium (K) fertilizer application. A field study was carried out to determine the effect of K on chickpea using cultivar Benazir having three fertilizer treatments; 0:0:0, 30:75:0 and 30:75:30 kg ha-1 of N:P:K replicated thr...
Mushtaq Hussain Lashari1*, Fozia Afzal1 and Umer Farooq2
...rally infected with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). Blood samples of chicken (n=71), were collected from Cholistan areas of Bahawalpur (Punjab), Pakistan. Serum samples were tested for toxoplasmosis with a commercial latex agglutination kit (Antec Diagnostic products, UK). The overall prevalence was 26.76%. The significant (P<0.05) higher seroprevalence was observed in males (34.28%) tha...
Waqas Ali* and Mudasser Habib
Sabahat Noor*1, Shaukat Ali1, Hafeez-ur-Rahman1, Farhatullah2 and Ghulam Muhammad Ali1
...d non-transgenic line of lasani-08 from single transformation event was exposed to 15 days drought and different levels of salt concentrations separately. Four parameters i.e. sugar contents, proline contents, chlorophyll contents and relative water contents were recorded and compared in transformed and non-transformed plants. It was observed that under drought and salt stresses, proline c...
Mehwish Aftab, Tariq Mahmud*, Muhammad Asim Raza Basra, Aqsa Gulzar, Sumaira Basharat and H.M. Junaid
...e, 6-amino-2-[(4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)amino]hexanoic acidwas synthesized by condensing N,N-dimethyl aminobenzaldehyde and Lysine together using ethanol as a solvent. The Schiff base was isolated and further reacted with Ce(NO3)3.6H2O and La(NO3)3.6H2O, to afford their respective complexes. FTIR, 1H NMR, UV-Vis and ICP techniques were us...
Naila Chand1, Shamsullah1, Rafiullah1, Rifat Ullah Khan2, Muhammad Mobashar3, Shabana Naz4,*, Ebrahim Rowghani5 and Murad Ali Khan2
...ared to the control. Similar trend was also observed in the weight of bursa,thymus and spleen. Significantly higher villus height, crypt depth and goblet cell count was recorded with MOS-100 while values lower with MOS-0 treatment. It was concluded that improvement in growth performance, intestinal histomorphology and relative weight of lymphoid organs in broiler chicks during starter phase was attributed to the supplementat...
Kiran Aftab1,*,Muhammad Asim2, Muhammad Khalil Nawaz2, M. Adeeb Babar2, Muhammad Akbar Khan2 and Zaheer Ahmed3
...i> and Giraffa priscilla have been discovered from the outcrops of district Chakwal, Punjab, Pakistan. The present description is about newly recovered specimens of small sized giraffids from Dhok Bun Amir Khatoon and Kund. These Middle Miocene localities are found within the Chinji Formation of the Lower Siwalik Subgroup in northern Pakistan. Our reports include isolated teeth, maxilla...
New Diallel Cross Designs Through Resolvable Balanced Incomplete Block Designs for Field Experiments
Ijaz Iqbal1, Maqsooda Parveen1 and Zafar Mahmood2*
...riment has a key role in laying out the experiment in agriculture sciences. In this paper an investigation is made of a special kind of incomplete block design known as the resolvable balanced incomplete block design. An algorithm is presented to construct diallel cross design through resolvable balanced incomplete block design, which is established via cyclic shifts. Construction of diall...
Shagufta Naz*, Saima Sharif, Hafsa Badar, Syeda Fareeha Tauheed
...ed by MCD.
...
Tahira Jamil*1, Mohammad Asghar1, Fatma Husain1, Haq Nawaz Bhatti2
...velopment of cardio vascular diseases. Lovastatin is formed as secondary metabolic intermediate initiated by anion moiety (acetate) through polyketide chain reactions. The current work was put away to investigate the potency of Pleurotus strains for statin formation by cultivating them on lignocellulosic substrates (wheat straw, rice straw, banana stalk) in SSF for 8 days. Among Pleurotus species (P. nebrodensis, P. sepidus, P. s...
Mohsin Iqbal1, Farid Asif Shaheen1*, Farah Naz2, Muhammad Usman Raja2, Muhammad Fiaz3 and Muhammad Nadeem1
...pment of commercial formulations of bio-pesticides to be used against this grain beetle and other stored product insect pests. ...
İnan Kaya1,*, Muhitdin Yılmaz2, Müge Mavioğlu Kaya3,Abdulsamed Kükürt4 and Mahmut Karapehlivan5
...e stress index (OSI) in plasma were evaluated as well as AST and ALT levels in the liver. Plasma OSI and liver AST levels in the groups with carbaryl and 2,4-D were compared with the control group, and they were found to be significantly higher. As a result, it was concluded that carbaryl and 2,4-D administered under of LC50 value caused liver damage by increasing the oxidative stress of Capoeta capoeta.
Fehmeeda Fatima, Asif Nadeem* and Maryam Javed
... which faced serious population threats. In the present study, HSP70.1 gene has been partially sequenced (1344 bp) to study genetic diversity and evolutionary characteristics of Sindh ibex. In this research, samples of Sindh ibex were collected from Kirthar National Park, Sindh, Pakistan, the gene of interest was amplified, PCR products were sequenced and data was analyzed. The results of genetic diversity indicated that Parsimony informative sites were found ...
Muhammad Babar Khawar1, Muddasir Hassan Abbasi2*, Zillay Mariam1, Nadeem Sheikh1,2*
...red against control. Similarly, hematological analysis revealed a significant decrease in WBCs (P<0.0001), RBCs (P=0.0001), Hemoglobin (P<0.0001), Platelets (P<0.0001) and MCHC (P<0.0001) while MCV (P<0.0001) showed a remarkable positive change when compared with control. Hematocrit (P<0.0001) was found to be enhanced significantly in Group 1 but decreased in Group 2 while MCH showed exactly opposite trend ...
Muhammad Zahid1, Aneela ZameerDurrani1, Muhammad Ijaz1, KhushiMuhammad1,Muhammad Usman1,*, Muhammad Husnain1 and Nadeem Kamal2
...nd maximum in humid and plain area of Lahore, i.e. 56%. In dry, dusty and hot weather of Multan overall the prevalence of disease was 55.5%, while in Rajanpur topography of the land is mixed comprising of riverine, plateau, mountainous and semi-hilly areas showed 52.2% prevalence. When immunity status was taken into account it was found that vaccinated animals showed very low preval...
Mouslim Bara1,2,* and Luciano N. Segura3
... natural habitats and wetland changes. Climate is widely recognized as a major predictor of bird abundance and richness along large-scale environmental gradients, but mechanisms by which climate influences the bird abundance are still unknown. We analyzed seasonal variations on the bird community structure of Rallidae and Anatidae families in the northeastern Algerian Garaet Hadj Tahar for three consecutive years (September ...
Ashraf M. Mounir, A.N. El shahat* and A.M. Abdul Azeem
... one of synthetic catecholamine that can be used as a model to produce myocardial infarction (MI). Frankincense is a gum resin that possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Gamma-irradiation is used for decontamination of Boswellia tears to achieve satisfactory microbiological quality and public health safety. Hence, examining the effect of gamma-irradiation on the contents of Boswellia oleo-gum re...
Tahira Batool1*, Nabila Roohi1, Athar Mahmud2
...div>...
Farah Mansha, Abdul Rehman*
...tudy, three bacterial isolates, named as H1, H4 and M4, were selected on the basis of chitinase assay and diameter of zone of hydrolysis. All the isolates were identified as Bacillus sp. on the basis of biochemical tests, and showed optimum growth at 37°C and pH of 7. All the bacterial isolates showed highest enzyme activity at pH 7. Isolates ...
Asima Bano1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2, Hira Sherawat3, Muhammad Mutlib4, Muhammad Arshad5, Muhammad Akram Qazi6, Sajida Naseem5, Rabia Ishaq1, Iram Liaqat2
.... For enzyme estimation plasma samples from the patients suffering from breast cancer and age matched healthy individuals (control) were collected. The results revealed decline in the level of these enzymes in breast cancer patients as compared to healthy individuals because of this decline the overall level of protein was also found to be decline. It is concluded from the study that these enzymes can be used as biomarker in the diagnosis of breast cancer.&nbs...
Asma Sohail1*, Aina Rafique2, Kashif Sarfraz Abbasi1 and Maryum Arif3
...as maximum phenolic and flavonoid contents were significantly higher in Muzafati freeze dried date powders. Results suggest that freeze dried date fruit powder had the highest potential to be used as functional foods as they are potential source of antioxidants. Date powder also showed probable antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. Overall, results showed that freeze drying is the most effective method for gaining maximum antioxidant activity from d...
Umair Riaz1*, Muhammad Ali Kharal2, Ghulam Murtaza3, Qamar uz Zaman4, Sana Javaid4, Hina Ahmed Malik3, Humera Aziz3 and Zafar Abbas1
...tresses adversely upset plant growth and development via nutrient deficiencies, hormonal imbalances, ion toxicity as well as osmotic and oxidative anxiety. The most effective mechanism is the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites at cellular level which included organic compounds that help plants to cope with stress conditions by reducing the intensity o...
Asma Sohail1*, Kashif Sarfraz Abbasi1, Maryum Arif2 and Fatima Najam1
...he extraction and encapsulation of pumpkin seed oil (Cucurbita pepo). Pumpkin seeds contain many active ingredients including polysaccharides, vitamins, proteins, essential amino acids, carotenoids, fatty acids like linoleic acid and linolenic acid, lignans, minerals and various phytochemicals. Due to the presence of two unsaturated fatty acids, these oils can reduce their biological activity on heating, volatilization, and ...
Shoaib Nawaz1, Muhammad Razaq1, Zahid Mahmood Sarwar1*, Muhammad Sajjad1*, Syeda Aneeza Ubaid1, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar2 and Usman Haider1
...onsidered a heat loving plant cultivated in kharif and Rabi season. Okra fruit due to its nutrients like protein vitamin calcium potassium, value play an important role in Ghanaians diet. Sucking pest jassid become major problem on okra in tropical and subtropical regions and cause heavy losses. Neonicotinoid insecticide, like nitenpyram was used on calendar basis and ETL basis. Data was recorded on weekly basis. In first we...
Saleh S. Alhewairini
...effect on its eggs under laboratory conditions. The mortality percentages of O. afrasiaticus were 61.79, 73.58 and 82.90%; 62.87, 73.77 and 83.32%; 71.70, 82.23 and 92.37% after one week of exposure to the quarter recommended dose (QRD), half recommended dose (HRD) and recommended dose (RD) of oxamyl only and with the recommended dose (RD) of Injo200 or 1000ppm of Huwa-SanTR50, respectively. The percentages of larvae ...
Muhammad Arshad*, Sabeeta Jan, Sundas Awan, Samra Azam, Shiguftah Khalid and Muahmmad Ayub Khan
...tic divergence, and correlation coefficient, direct and indirect effects of eight characters towards seed yield under field condition. Experiment was conducted according to RCBD design at NARC (National Agricultural Research Centre), Islamabad during year 2015. Data were recorded on Days to flower initiation, Days to flower completion and Days to maturity, 100 seed weight, oil content percentage and Seed Yield. Results of AN...
Adem Aksoy1, Yakup Erdal Ertürk2, Ecevit Eyduran3 and Mohammad Masood Tariq4,*
...r, sex and birth type at lambing, weaning weight, weaning age, grazing period and weight at the end of the grazing period on pasture revenue, which is defined as the obtained revenue per lamb from weaning period to the end of the grazing period. Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) data mining algorithms in addition to least squares method were scrutinized comparatively in the prediction of weight at the end of gr...
Muhammad Latif2, Muneer Abbas1*, Faisal Hafeez2 and Dilbar Hussain2
...bonalis and Earias vittella/Earias insulana are major devastating pests of our summer vegetables especially brinjal and okra. Six insecticides viz. spinetoram 120 SC, spinosad 240 SC, bifenthrin 10 EC, cypermethrin 10 EC, chlorantraniliprol 20 SC and flubendiamide 480 SC were applied on brinjal and okra against these pests with five replications. Data was recorded after 24 hrs. 72 hrs. 7 and 10 days after spray application. ...
Ejaz Mahmood Ahmad Qureshi1,*, Amtul Bari Tabinda2, Seemal Vehra3 and Atif Yaqub4
...tivity in a mosquito population, detection of the viruses in adult mosquitoes was used to calculate Minimum Infection Rate (MIR). Average MIR was highest being 3.52 and 2.94 in late rainy season in 2011 and 2012, respectively, while it was highest (3.06) in early post rainy season in 2013. Results also revealed significant correlation coefficient ‘...
Ghazunfar Rashid1, Muhammad Avais1, Syed Saleem Ahmad1, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq2, Rais Ahmed3,*, Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Naveed-ul-Haque4, Mehtab Ahmad5, Mumtaz Ali Khan1 and Naimat Ullah Khan6
... a fodder containing a balanced nitrogen contents produce high quality milk. Excess use of nitrogen fertilizers in the soil cause excess accumulation of nitrates in fodder, which is the main source of nitrate poisoning in dairy animals. In the present study nitrate contents in fodder crops, viz., Sorghum bicolor (Jowar), Pennisetum glaucum (Bajra), Zea mays (Mak...
Jafar Aqeel Naqi1, Abdul Mateen1, Dilawar Hussain2,*, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2, Sajjad Hussain1 and Abuzar Tabasum1
...mmune response in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). A total of 150 juvenile’s tilapia were taken randomly and divided into five experimental units (10 fishes per unit) with three replicates. Fish was hand feeded containing five different levels of garlic (T1, control) 2.5 (T2), 5.0 (T3), 7.5 (T4), and 10g/500g (T5) in powdered form. Fish were fed at 6% o...
Tariq Mahmood1,*, Ijaz Ahmad1, Faraz Akrim1, Abdul Hamid1, Muhammad Waseem1, Abid Hussain1 and Muhammad Sajid Nadeem2
...leys of the internal Himalayan ranges and western Himalayas and plains, Balochistan, and dry hillsides of the Punjab and Sindh. It is the “National Bird” of Pakistan, however, very little is known about its ecology and breeding in its native range in the north of the country. The present study investigated breeding ecology of the bird in its native range of Lower Dir district o...
Tevfik Ceyhan1,*, Osman Samsun2 and Okan Akyol1
... 2017 in Sinop, Central Black Sea. The length and weight distribution of all garfish samples ranged from 28.8 to 51.6 cm TL and from 26.6 to 177.2 g, respectively. Female: male ratio was 0.3:1. The LWR parameters (a, b, r2) were computed as 0.0009 ± 0.50, 3.040 ± 0.32 and 0.902 ±0.40, respectively. The age of garfish was between 1 and 4 years. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth parame...
Muhammad Mohsin1, Dai Guilin1,*, Chen Zhuo1, Yin Hengbin1 and Muhammad Noman2
...haefer Model (SM) and Pella-Tomlinson Model (PTM) were used in CEDA along with three error assumptions (EAs) viz., normal error assumption (NEA), log-normal error assumption (LNEA) and gamma error assumption (GEA). On the other hand, in ASPIC two SPMs viz., Fox Model (FM) and Logistic Model (LM) were employed. MSY estimates for Carangoides fishery by using CEDA and ASPIC were between 1404-1709 t (tonnes) and 1409-1705 t correspondingly. The calcu...
Muhammad Khan
...active molecules. Proscillaridin A (PSD-A), is a natural cardiac glycoside molecule used to treat cardiac arrhythmia. Recently, it has been rediscovered for its potential anticancer activity. This review will mainly focus on the anticancer activity, cellular targets and anticancer mechanism of PSD-A which may help the further design and conduct of research and repositioning it for oncological clinic.
...
Sajid Ali Khan1, Mazhar Hussain Ranjha1, Azhar Abbas Khan2,*, Muhammad Sagheer1, Amjad Abbas1 and Zeshan Hassan2
...two different medicinal plants (Dhatura alba and Calotropis procera) against two different strains of T. granarium. Plant extracts were obtained by Rotary Shaker apparatus by using acetone as solvent. Four different concentrations 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% were prepared by diluting in acetone. The data regarding mortality, growth regulation and repellency of T. granarium...
Saba Irshad*, Aruba Muhammad, Ammara Muazzam, Farah Sarfraz Anmol and Rehman Shahzad
...nded to screen β-Thalassemia Major patients for Xmn1 Polymorphism, accountable for increased Fetal Hemoglobin, an important ameliorating factor in minimizing disease severity. PCR-RFLP was employed for securitizing Xmn1 polymorphism among thalassemia (Major) patients. Out of total 206 screened patients, sole Xmn1 homozygous (+/+) and heterozygous (-/+) case was reported with a band size of 418 bp, 230 bp and 641 bp, 418...
Zafar Iqbal*, Farah Ansar, Zil-e-Huma
...iscussed.
...
Nadia Khan1*, Abdul Waheed1, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Naveed Ahmed1, Zafar Iqbal2, Seemab Ali1, Madiha Bashir1 and Hina Gul3
...sence of potential non-volatile phytochemicals and in vitro antibacterial activity against two phytopathogenic bacterial species (Clavibacter sp. and Xanthomonas sp.) and a human pathogenic bacterium (Escherichia coli) in 2016. Experiment was carried out by using complete randomized design with three replications in vitro. Phytochemical analysis reveals that the methanolic fraction of oil possesses metabolites like carbohydr...
Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar*1, Shahid Riaz Malik1, Waqas Ahmad2, Muhammad Sajid Mahmood3, Muhammad Jawad1, Muhammad Asadullah1, Ijaz Ahmad4 and Muhammad Imran1
...s research field NARC, Islamabad, to establish the optimum sowing time and suitable genotype for rainfed conditions of the area. The treatments were five sowing dates (15 June, 25 June, 05 July, 15 July and 25 July) and two promising genotypes (NM-11, NCM-2013). Experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement by using three replications. Data regarding growth, yield attributes a...
Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Ammarah Hasnain2, Ateeq ur Rehman1 and Rashida Perveen1
...es. Several commonly available plant decoctions were investigated as the bioactive eco-friendly compounds, and as the possible alternatives to hazardous chemicals for the control of BLB of rice. Aqueous extracts of fifteen different plant parts either individually or in combination were tested at various concentrations under in vitro conditions by poison food and disk diffusion techniques ...
Muhammad Kashif Asghar1, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar1,2*, Shahid Riaz Malik2, Waqas Ahmad3, Sumaira Zareen4, Safdar Ali5 and Abid Ali6
...ronutrient required for plant growth and development. So a field study was conducted to explore the potential of boron seed priming on yield and quality of sunflower hybrids at Agronomic Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The achenes of two different sunflower hybrids i.e. Hysun-33 and FH-331 were subjected to different priming treatments including hydropriming, osmopriming (with 1, 0.1 and 0.01 mM B) usin...
Zubina Hameed1, Muhammad Azim Malik1, Safdar Ali1*, Muhammad Ansar1, Farina Shaheen1, Ijaz Ahmad2 and Khisrao Kalim3
...l of weeds in wheat. Similarly, due to lack of awareness, they use wheat weeds as animal fodder and the hand weeding affects crop stand and its tillering which ultimately reduces the wheat yield of the pothwar region. So, chemical control of weeds was hypothesized to be the best solution for winter weeds of rainfed wheat’s weeds and for this purpose, a field study was carried out from October, 2010 to April, 2011 at Un...
Tünay Kontaş Aşkar1,*, Şinasi Aşkar1, Olga Büyükleblebici2 and Murat Güzel3
... oxidative stress and inflammatory changes in naturally occurring canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). A total of 30 dogs, comprising 10 clinically healthy and 20 dogs with leishmaniasis were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis was performed by the immune fluorescence antibody test with antibody titter ≥1:128 and lymph node smear examination. In blood samples of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis, levels of malondialdehyde, ...
Amjad Islam Aqib1,*, Shagufta Nighat2, Rais Ahmed3, Saba Sana3, Muhammad Ameen Jamal4, Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar2 , Naimat Ullah Khan5, Mian Saeed Sarwar5, Muhammad Asif Hussain5, Asadullah5, Attaur Rahman5 and Sadeeq ur Rahman5,*
... of SCM in District Faisalabad of Pakistan. For this purpose, a total of 384 goat milk samples were screened for SCM through surf field mastitis test (SFMT) and mastitis-positives cases were further investigated for isolation of S. aureus using standard procedures. Coagulase gene was PCR amplified from the clinical isolates to categorize them into...
Nizam Uddin Jamali1, Asmatullah Kaka1,*, Pershotam Khatri1, Moolchand Malhi2, Muhammad Naeem3, Akeel Ahmed Memon1, Rameez Raja Kaleri4, Habibullah Janyaro5 and Dildar Hussain Kalhoro6
...n. After collection ejaculate was brought in Semen Production Unit. Semen was evaluated as fresh for volume, colour, motility, morphology, live dead ratio, membrane integrity and sperm concentration, post chilling for motility, morphology, live dead ratio, membrane integrity and frozen thawed for motility, morphology, live dead ratio and membrane integrity. Semen volume and colour were determined by visual examination, pH was determined by digital pH meter. Mo...
*Muhammad Waseem1, Dost Mohammad Baloch1, Ghulam Khaliq1,
M. Rashid1, Qurban Ali2 and Mustajab A. Khan3
INTENSIFICATION IN BAMBOO (Bambusa bambos L.) TRAITS IN RESPONSE TO ORGANIC AND CHEMICAL NITROGEN ALONG THE COAST OF ARABIAN SEA
...rient which effects the plant growth and development. To check the influence of nitrogen sources on bamboo traits a field experiment was conducted during 2014-15. Experiment were carried out using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with square system of transplanting which was consist of 3 repetitions contained a net field size of 4.5m to 4.5m. Experimental sites were 20 km away from the Arabian Sea with an altitude of ...
*Irum Javed1, Muhammad Asgher2, Sadia Noreen1, Humara Naz Majeed1 and Tanzila Sahar1
SOLID STATE FERMENTATION OF ASPERGILLUS NIGER FOR CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION USING AGRICULTURE RESIDUE AS SUBSTRATE
...ger was compared using molasses based medium and the different carrier substrate. In a second set of study wheat bran was utilized for citric acid production via fermentation parameters was optimized. The results showed significant (P≤ 0.05) difference among LSF and SSF and between different substrates in LSF and SSF. Wheat bran showed significantly increased (P≤ 0.05) production of citric acid (P= 0.001) compared to other carrier substrates used through...
Sadia Murawwat1, *Nageen Fatima1, Qandeel Iqbal1, Syeda Ameena Rizvi1 and Mehak Fatima1
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING BEYOND CLASSROOM: CHALLENGES AND ANTICIPATED RESOLUTIONS
...ineering Education (EE) plays an imperative role in the development of any country via improving the standard of life. This article highlights key issues, challenges and anticipated resolutions of Electrical Engineering Education in Pakistan. Data analysis imitates following problems relating to EE: dearth of professionalism in academia, insufficient educational capitals, not as much of hardware research
Nadia Sharif1, *Neelma Munir1 and Shagufta Naz1
MICROBIAL PRODUCTION OF ALGINATE
...roperties like ease of gelation and biocompatibility promote its applications in engineering and bio medical science....
M. Tariq Javed1, Nazir Ahmad2, Gulbeen Saleem3, Haleema Sadia4, Farkhanda Manzoor5 and Ghulam Hussain Dilbar
EFFECT OF AGE AND SEASON ON SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS OF BUFFALO BULL - A REVIEW
...teristics. ...
Muhammad Akram and Faheem Aftab
THIDIAZURON INDUCES IN VITRO BUD BREAK AND SHOOT DEVELOPMENT FROM NODAL EXPLANTS OF ORTHOTROPIC SHOOTS OF MAIDENHAIR TREE (GINKGO BILOBA L.)
...n the present study, axillary shoot bud induction, the growth of shoot and callus formation was observed. Shoots were cut to prepare nodal explants (5-10 mm long), surface sterilized and inoculated on MS (Murashig and Skoog, 1962) medium supplemented with different concentration (0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1,2,3,4 or 5uM) of TDZ for 24 days. Highest bud break (100%) was obtained a...
Nazish Mazhar Ali1, Saiqa Andleeb2, Bushra Mazhar1, Anum Imtiaz1, Shaukat Ali2*
Assessment of antibiogram and resistogram of pathogenic bacteria isolated from irrigated wheat field water
...ibiotics against five isolated bacterial pathogens. Different morphological and biochemical tests were performed to identify and characterize bacterial pathogens. Among isolated strains, two belong to genus Staphylococcus spp., other two were Pseudomonas spp. and one strain belonged to genus Salmonella spp. Effect of various parameters such as temperature and pH on growth of pathogens were...
Hareem Mohsin, Azka Asif*, Warda Fatima, Sarooj Nadeem, Anjum Nasim Sabri
Assessment of biocalcification by the water absorption test using microorganism from oil contaminated site
...cipitation of protective layer of calcium carbonate on the cement based structures or buildings. In the present study, the biocalcification capacity of Bacillus pasteurii was studied on the cement samples. The cement samples were treated with urea and calcium salt (calcium carbonate) that act as a source of calcium along with the microorganism under optimum culture conditions. Alkaline conditions produced by the activity of the enzyme urease allowed the reacti...
Phong Huy Pham
Nesting biology of a spider wasp Auplopus sp. (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) in Vietnam
...velopmental time of egg, larva, pre-pupa, pupa, and pre-adult was 6 - 7, 13 - 14, 5 - 7, 41 - 43, and 3 - 4 days, respectively. The duration of egg to adult development ranged from 68 to 75 days....
Tanzeela Riaz*†, Farah Rauf Shakoori, Syed Shahid Ali
Toxicity of phosphine against tolerant and susceptible populations of Trogoderma granarium collected from Punjab, Pakistan
...align: justify;"> instar larvae and adult beetle in phosphine resistant populations viz., Gujranwala, Mandi Bahauddin-I (M.B.Din-I), Mandi Bahauddin-II (M.B.Din-II),Gujrat and Sargodha and a susceptible population of
Sumera Siddique1,†, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1*, Amtul Bari Tabinda2, Muhammad Irfan1
Screening of some agri-wastes for economical cultivation of Candida tropicalis SS1
...ons. The media were inoculated with 1% (w/v) suspension of 24 h old yeast cultured in nutrient broth. The strain grew best in water melon (WM) at pH 7.0 and 37 °C under non agitation conditions. The proximate analysis revealed that the water melon peels showed the highest amount of crude protein (which was measured by micro Kjeldahl digestion system) followed by bagasse, mango, and apple peels with respective values of as 13.38%, 3.20%, 2.69% and 2.58%. Be...
Muhammad Babar Khawar, Nadeem Sheikh*
Effect of paper industry leachate on various serological indices and serum proteins of wistar rats
...th experimental groups. Alanine aminotransferases (ALT) level showed a significant increment in Group 1 and a decrement in Group 2 compared to control group (P<0.0001). SDS page analysis revealed an overall decreased expression of various proteins in both experimental groups. The protein fractions of 317, 212, 178, 134, 89, 74 and 68 KDa were found in Group 1 compared to control (331, 215, 180, 139, 112, 91, 75 and 69 KDa). However, protein fraction of 202,...
Mian Azhar Ahmad1†*, Nawab Mohammad Khan2, Asmatullah3
Anatomical variations of hepatobiliary triangle in patients operated laparoscopically for gallbladder diseases from Lahore and Sahiwal
... in the patients using a laparoscope. It was a descriptive prospective cross-sectional study. Random sampling technique was employed to record the relevant information data. During the course of this study evaluation of 2500 patients, including 2350 women and 150 men, who underwent exploration of hepatobiliary triangle during laparoscopic cholecystectomy for different gallbladder diseases ...
Muhammad Tahir Waseem, Muhammad Awais Sarwar, Rana Manzoor Ahmad, Abdul Majid Khan*
Newly discovered fossil remains of Selenoportax vexillarius from Hasnot, locality of Siwaliks of Pakistan
...ted as the member of Boselaphini (Bovidae) which belong to an extinct genus Selenoportax. All the samples are collected from well exposed strata of Late Miocene of Hasnot, district Jehlum, Pakistan. All The specimens are identified and characterized on the basis of morphometric comparison and morphological similarities and described as Selenoportax vexillarius. The mo...
Tahir Abbas*1, Khawaja Raees Ahmad2, Asmatullah3, Khalid Pervaiz Lone4, Muhammad Ali Kanwal2, Sadia Suleman2
Reno-hepatic protective effects of Jambul against chromium induced anomalies in mice
...culous use and bio-accumulation through food chain might be causing oxidative stress. That study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of Jambul (Syzygium cumini) against Cr induced reno-hepatic anomalies. Male albino mice (Mus musculus) were equally divided (n=10) as C; control, Cr-treatedandCr-JgroupsreceivingCr+6 in the form of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) 50ppm for 10days ad-libitum while Cr-J group additionally given 0.25ml/12h Jambul Fruit E...
Muhammad Mohsin Ahsan1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2*, Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar1, Arshad Ali3, Zafar Iqbal Kahan4, Kafeel Ahmed4
Intra- and inter-specific foraging in three scorpion species
...istan, was studied under laboratory and field conditions. Results of the study revealed that all three scorpion species were cannibalistic. Mesobuthus tumulus attacked and fed more upon juvenile and sub- adults (medium- sized), scorpions. They also consumed dead scorpions of their own species. Odontobuthus odonturus preferred to attack and consume healthy adults and did not feed on dead scorpions. Androctonus finitimus aggressively attacked and consumed all ty...
Tasleem Akhtar, Nadeem Sheikh*
Induction of acute phase in response to tacrolimus induced hepatotoxicity
..."> Activation of inflammatory pathways may contribute to the beginning and progression of many complications in the body. Current study was aimed to evaluate the status of acute phase response and inflammation by examining the alterations in the level of acute phase proteins due to the toxic effect of an immunosuppressive drug (tacrolimus). Aqueous suspension of tacrolimus powder (3 mg/ml) was orally given to four exper...
Hamda Azmat1, Waqas Ali2, Arshad Javid2, Ali Hussain2, Syed Makhdoom Hussain3, Zara Saeed1,Syed Shafiq Hussain Bukhari4
Chromium contamination in water, sediment and its bioaccumulation in Indian major carps in River Chenab, Pakistan
...p;Experiment on bioaccumulation of chromium (Cr) in the bodies of Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala was conducted from January through May, 2015. Water, sediment and fish samples were collected on monthly basis from upstream and downstream of head Trimmu, river Chenab. Throughout the study period, mmaximum Cr concentrations from upstream an...
Riffat Mehboob1*, Sami Ullah Mumtaz2, Zoya Manzoor3, Sajid Abaidullah2, Fridoon Jawad Ahmad1
Deranged biochemical and hematological profile of septicemia patients in Mayo hospital, Lahore
... traditionally viewed as late feature of septicemia due to its obvious effects on hepatorenal organs. This study was undertaken to establish the possible role of serum biomarkers of liver, kidney and blood in the diagnosis of septicemia. 101 confirmed patients of septicemia from a tertiary care hospital in Lahore were included. Liver and renal function tests were performed for all patients. Patients were divided into 3 age groups on the basis of age: 30-50, 51...
Saiqa Andleeb* , Shaukat Ali
RNA interference; A tool for treatment of human diseases
...cer, viral and neuromuscular has been controlled through RNAi. Some vectors and inducible systems are available now to treat numerous disorders. This review paper provides the basis for further development of RNAi technology as a drug therapy against various human disorders....
Farah Deeba, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir, Muhammad Irfan, Javed Iqbal Qazi*
Chitinase production in organisms: a review
...ife (bacteria to higher plants and animals) as one of the most durable, richest biopolymers distributed widely in nature both in the terrestrial and marine environments. Chitinase are chitin degradable enzyme have control of phytopathogens, physiological functions and degradation of chitinous waste. Interest in chitin wastes utilization is increasing day by day because of its natural resistance against degradation. The review focused on different sources of na...
Shagufta Andleeb*
Teratogenic potential of pyrethroids: a review
...ium and C. coccineum) in late 1900s. An extensive data on multiple aspects of genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, reproductive toxicology and neurotoxicology is available except teratogenicity. This review concludes the teratogenic potential of sublethal doses of different types of pyrethroids in various groups of animals in systematic way. On line available data interpretation th...
Muhammad Zafar*1, Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan2, Asmatullah3
Efficacy of methamidophos, fenpropathrin and metasystox against aphid population within the response of Brassica campestris at Multan
...the control of aphid population on Brassica campestris. The experiment was conducted during October 2013 to April 2014. Crop season following a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications and six treatments in the research farm of Babar Agricultural Farm at Old Shuja Abad Road, Multan. Different insecticides showed different mortality of aphid population. Of the three insecticides tested, methamidophos res...
Durr-e- Samin Tahir*, Waqar Nasir, Sarah Bushra, Fatima Batool
Height trends in the population of Rabwah, district Chiniot, Pakistan and comparison with WHO standards
... of
the local population of Rabwah with WHO standards. A total of 4293 accurate observations (male=2084 female =2209) were recorded. The age group chosen for present study is 5-19 years which is the phase of growth and height
increase. Heights of the parents and siblings up to 25 are also recorded for further analysis. The R- Programming and
smoothing spline technique were applied to analyze the height trends of the collected data. The ave...
the local population of Rabwah with WHO standards. A total of 4293 accurate observations (male=2084 female =2209) were recorded. The age group chosen for present study is 5-19 years which is the phase of growth and height
increase. Heights of the parents and siblings up to 25 are also recorded for further analysis. The R- Programming and
smoothing spline technique were applied to analyze the height trends of the collected data. The ave...
Tasneem Ikram1, Asmat Salamat2, Muhammad Akbar Khan2, Muhammad Adeeb Babar*2, Khalid Mahmood2, Rabia Shahid2, Muhammad Akhtar2
Additional Fossils of Sivalhippus perimensis (Mammalia, Equidae) from the Late Miocene Siwaliks of Pakistan
... material consists of isolated molars and premolars, which reflects all the
morphological features of Sivalhippus perimensis....
morphological features of Sivalhippus perimensis....
Haji Muhammad1, Zafar Iqbal1, Tanveer Akhlaq2
Length-weight, length-length relationships and condition factor of fishes of family cyprindae from the Indus River, Pakistan
...ribe the length-weight relationship (LWR), length-length relationships (LLRs) and
condition factor (K) in 926 specimens belonging to 20 freshwater fish species of family cyprinidae. Fish samples were
collected on a monthly basis from August 2013 to July 2014 at Taunsa barrage from the Indus River, Punjab,
Pakistan. The values of parameter b for LWRs ranged from 2.16 – 4.10 suggesting the isometric ...
condition factor (K) in 926 specimens belonging to 20 freshwater fish species of family cyprinidae. Fish samples were
collected on a monthly basis from August 2013 to July 2014 at Taunsa barrage from the Indus River, Punjab,
Pakistan. The values of parameter b for LWRs ranged from 2.16 – 4.10 suggesting the isometric ...
Mohammad Salim1, Arshad Javid2*, Ali Hussain2, Faiz-ur-Rahman3, FarmanUllah4, Hamidullah5
Distribution records of fruit bats Cynopterus sphinx and Rousettus leschenaultii from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...22) were captured from Malakand division in
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). The morphological and cranial features of the captured specimens were compared with
available literature. Baculum morphometry is one of the key features in identification of bat species and was applied
for species confirmation of R. leschenaultii. R. leschenaultia has been already reported while C. sphinx being
reported for the ...
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). The morphological and cranial features of the captured specimens were compared with
available literature. Baculum morphometry is one of the key features in identification of bat species and was applied
for species confirmation of R. leschenaultii. R. leschenaultia has been already reported while C. sphinx being
reported for the ...
Muhammad Mohsin Ahsan1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2, Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar1
Effect of lunar cycle on active population density of scorpions, their potential prey and predators
Studies on amylase and lipase activity in fishes fed with diet containing different feed ingredients
Mirfa Murtaza1, Sajid Abdullah1, Wardah Hassan1*, Khalid Abbas1, Huma Naz1, Muhammad Anjum Zia2
Studies on amylase and lipase activity in fishes fed with diet containing different feed ingredients
...halmichthys molitrix, Catla catla and Cyprinus carpio fed
with different feed ingredients. There were two glass aquaria (3×2×2 ft) for each species and ten fish in each
aquarium. Fish in one aquarium were fed on rice polish and fish in second aquarium were fed on corn gluten @ 3 %
of their wet biomass for 70 days. Results showed that fish wet weight varied ...
with different feed ingredients. There were two glass aquaria (3×2×2 ft) for each species and ten fish in each
aquarium. Fish in one aquarium were fed on rice polish and fish in second aquarium were fed on corn gluten @ 3 %
of their wet biomass for 70 days. Results showed that fish wet weight varied ...
Mohammad Salim1, Arshad Javid2*, Ali Hussain2, Faiz-ur-Rahman3, Hamidullah4
First provincial record of desert yellow bat Scotoecus pallidus (Dobson, 1876) from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
... 2012 was conducted in Malakand, Dir and Swat districts in Malakand division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). Twenty two desert yellow bat (Scotoecus pallidus) specimens were captured using mist and hand nets. The morphological features of the captured specimens were compared with available literature. This paper documents first record of S. pallidus from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa....
Nasir Raza Zaidi1, Mian Waheed Ahmad1, Mahesh Gautam1, Riffat Mehboob2*
Risk factors for multiple sclerosis in Pakistani population- A crosssectional study
... sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the brain and spinal cord where it damages the myelin sheath
protecting the neurons. Many environmental and genetic factors have been associated with MS. The aim of this study
is to identify the possible risk factors that are linked to MS in Pakistani population. This study was conducted in
Department of Radiology, Mayo Hospital Lahore from 2013 to 2014. The ...
protecting the neurons. Many environmental and genetic factors have been associated with MS. The aim of this study
is to identify the possible risk factors that are linked to MS in Pakistani population. This study was conducted in
Department of Radiology, Mayo Hospital Lahore from 2013 to 2014. The ...
Muhammad Moosa Abro1, Ali Murtaza Dharejo2, Muhammad Munif Khan2, Nadir Ali Birmani2, Saima Naz2*
Description of first record of Petasiger exaeretus Dietz, 1909 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in avian host from Pakistan.
... of Little Cormorant, Phalacrocorax niger of District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan. Petasiger exaeretus (Dietz,
1909) were identified from the intestine of Little Cormorant, Phalacrocorax niger on the basis of morphological
features including pear shaped body, maximum width at testicular level, 27 head collar spines, long fore-body, well
...
1909) were identified from the intestine of Little Cormorant, Phalacrocorax niger on the basis of morphological
features including pear shaped body, maximum width at testicular level, 27 head collar spines, long fore-body, well
...
Muddasir Hassan Abbasi1, 2, Noor Fatima1, Syed Shahid Imran Bukhari1, Asma Rashid khan3, Nadeem Sheikh2*
Variations in proteins and transaminases following experimental induction of Bisphenol A in mice
...y resins and variety of plastics to which humans are exposed routinely. BPA (12.5%) was injected in mice for
consecutive 15 days while control animals were not exposed to any treatment (n=3). Serum samples were processed
for the estimation of total protein and albumin and aminotransaminases activity. The sodium dodecyl sulphate
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was also run to analyze protein...
consecutive 15 days while control animals were not exposed to any treatment (n=3). Serum samples were processed
for the estimation of total protein and albumin and aminotransaminases activity. The sodium dodecyl sulphate
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was also run to analyze protein...
Saima Naz*, Adil Ali Rajpar, Abdul Hameed Chandio
New Records of some Phthiraptera (chewing lice) of birds from urban areas of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan
... (Denny, 1842), Columbicola columbae (Linnaeus, 1758), Hohorstiella lata (Piaget, 1880)
on pigeons and doves; Brueelia subtilis (Nitzsch, 1874), Menacanthus eurysternus (Burmeister, 1838) and
Sturnidocus refractariolus (Zlotorzycka, 1964) on house sparrow; Goniodes dissimilis (Denny, 1842), Lipeurus
tropicalis (Peters, 1931), Menacanthus pallidulus (Neumann, 1912), M. ...
on pigeons and doves; Brueelia subtilis (Nitzsch, 1874), Menacanthus eurysternus (Burmeister, 1838) and
Sturnidocus refractariolus (Zlotorzycka, 1964) on house sparrow; Goniodes dissimilis (Denny, 1842), Lipeurus
tropicalis (Peters, 1931), Menacanthus pallidulus (Neumann, 1912), M. ...
Abbas Ali1, Muhammad Altaf2*, Muhammad Samar Hussain Khan3
Winter survey of birds at Keti Bunder, district Thatha, Pakistan
..., cattle egret, greater flamingo, greater egret, and common coot. It
is concluded that bird species number are decreasing with passage of time when the data were compared with the
previous research due to anthropogenic impacts especially pollution impact....
is concluded that bird species number are decreasing with passage of time when the data were compared with the
previous research due to anthropogenic impacts especially pollution impact....
Abir Ishtiaq, Muhammad Naeem*
Length-weight relationships and condition factor for farmed Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822) from southern Punjab, Pakistan
...to study length-weight relationships (LWRs) and condition factor (K) of
renowned and highly commercial freshwater major carp, thaila (Catla catla) from farming system. Mean±S.E. total
length (TL) and body weight (W) of studied samples have been calculated as 39.29±0.23 cm and 827.43±1...
renowned and highly commercial freshwater major carp, thaila (Catla catla) from farming system. Mean±S.E. total
length (TL) and body weight (W) of studied samples have been calculated as 39.29±0.23 cm and 827.43±1...
Jhan Zeb, Muhammad Javed
Forecasting percentage contribution of plankton biomass towards increase in fish yield under composite culture conditions
...up viz. Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhina mrigala, Ctenopharyngodon idella and
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in the ratio of 27:10:10:07:13, respectively. Each triplicate group of fish T1 to T6 were fed
supplementary diets at varying protein level viz., 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32% digestible protein (DP), respectively @
2% of their we...
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in the ratio of 27:10:10:07:13, respectively. Each triplicate group of fish T1 to T6 were fed
supplementary diets at varying protein level viz., 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32% digestible protein (DP), respectively @
2% of their we...
Zafar Iqbal*, Hafiza Madhia Imtiaz
Parasites of double tail goldfish, Carassius auratus L. imported to Pakistan
...
This study was planned to investigate parasitic infection of imported ornamental fish, double tail goldfish,
Carassius auratus. A total of 25 experimental fish were examined for parasitic infection. One fish
specimen showed head lesion (1x1cm). Eight different species of parasites were observed on the fish.
The gills showed 100% infection by Dactylogyrus sp. and mean intensity was 35.4. Fins of the fish also
showed high inf...
Asma Karim1, Wajid Ali1*, Noreen Ahmad1, Muhammad Irfan2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3
Histological and biochemical study of liver of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) after acute exposure to pyrethoride (deltamethrin)
...
biochemical analysis [alanine amino transferase (ALT), and aspartate amino-transferase (AST)]. Liver histology
revealed that necrosis, nuclear pycnosis, hypertrophy of hepatocytes, vacuolization, nuclear atrophy and congestion
of blood vessels were observed as compare to control group. This result was also supported by the significant
increase in levels of hepatic enzymes AST and ALT in blood plasma of...
revealed that necrosis, nuclear pycnosis, hypertrophy of hepatocytes, vacuolization, nuclear atrophy and congestion
of blood vessels were observed as compare to control group. This result was also supported by the significant
increase in levels of hepatic enzymes AST and ALT in blood plasma of...
Dilara Abbas Bukhari1, Abdul Rehman2*
Isolation of bioactive compounds from exudate of edible fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus
...hemical techniques, thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, were employed to study fungal exudate. A total of fifteen different metabolites were detected in the sample by GC/MS. The detected metabolites could be classified into chemical groups of 2 esters, 4 alcohols, 3 benzoic acids, ketone, aldehyde, phenyl and amide groups containing compounds. Some of th...
Hafiz Muhammad Awais Sarwar, Muhammad Tahir Waseem, Abdul Majid Khan*, Rana Manzoor Ahmad
Propotamochoerus hysudricus remains from late Miocene deposits of Hasnot, Pakistan
Sadaf Niaz1, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Tanveer Hussain2, Asif Nadeem1, Misbah Hussain1, Riffat Mehboob3*, Fridoon Jawad Ahmad3
Mutation analysis of RING1 domain of Parkin in early onset of Parkinson’s disease in Pakistani patients-a pilot study
...1 domain that could be related to the
disease. The data suggests that no genetic predisposition in RING1 domain may be responsible for the occurrence of
disease in local population. It may be due to genetic changes in any other part of the gene or due to other
environmental factors. However, we have limitation of sample size due to less occurrence of disease in this area. The
current study is very...
disease. The data suggests that no genetic predisposition in RING1 domain may be responsible for the occurrence of
disease in local population. It may be due to genetic changes in any other part of the gene or due to other
environmental factors. However, we have limitation of sample size due to less occurrence of disease in this area. The
current study is very...
Bushra Siyal1, Sanjota Nirmal Das1, Rafia Rehana Ghazi2, Aly Khan3
Heterotestophyes gibsoni sp.n. (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) from the bird little tern (Sternula albifrons) in Sindh, Pakistan
...ne of little tern (Sternula albifrons) collected from Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. The
new species is characterized by having small body, maximum width attained at the level of mid body region and
twisted at the level of pharynx. Oral sucker terminal, rounded and broader than long. Esophagus long, intestinal
bifurcation is above the acetabulum. Ventral sucker muscular, rounded, occupy 2nd. quarter of the b...
new species is characterized by having small body, maximum width attained at the level of mid body region and
twisted at the level of pharynx. Oral sucker terminal, rounded and broader than long. Esophagus long, intestinal
bifurcation is above the acetabulum. Ventral sucker muscular, rounded, occupy 2nd. quarter of the b...
Haniya Mazhar1, Naaz Abbas2, Zahid Hussain3, Amir Sohail4, Syed Shahid Ali4*
Extracellular lipase production from Bacillus subtilis using agro-industrial waste and fruit peels
...
This study was planned for the production of lipases by solid-state fermentation (SSF) using agro-industrial wastes as substrate. A total of 14 bacterial strains were isolated, screened and compared for lipase production. Among the evaluated strains, Bacillus subtilis strain NL-39 was selected on the basis of best lipase production. The maximum enzyme activity (34.93 U/ml) was shown by B. subtilis using SSF with soy...
Anam Javed, Javed Iqbal Qazi*
Skin health implications of Chemical detergents and importance of biodetergents
...ce and technology in the last few centuries, modifications in every aspect of life are continuously occurring. No doubt, these modifications are improving life standards but among them some are harmful for our health. Along with numerous benefits, side effects of formulated synthetic chemicals are needed to investigate further to develop alternatives with ideally no or at least less side effects. This review highlights a wid...
Shaukat Ali1,*, Sundas Nasreen1, Sobia Safeer1, Saiqa Andleeb1, Mubashir Ejaz1, Saira Bano2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3
Medicinal plants as therapeutic agents for cancer treatment
...cancer....
Maleeha Manzoor1,2*, Ruijuan Ma2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Fouzia Tabssum1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1
Microalgal-bacterial consortium: a cost-effective approach of wastewater treatment in Pakistan
... and flora of treatment plant. The use of algal-bacterial consortia for wastewater
treatments has proved more effective in biomass production, nutrient cycling and bioremediation of organic
pollutants, heavy metals and many other contaminants. The biodegradation approach of involving consortium might
attain self-sustaining level and may prove technically cheaper and advance technology. It will finally help in dealing
the dual missio...
treatments has proved more effective in biomass production, nutrient cycling and bioremediation of organic
pollutants, heavy metals and many other contaminants. The biodegradation approach of involving consortium might
attain self-sustaining level and may prove technically cheaper and advance technology. It will finally help in dealing
the dual missio...
Zubair Ahmed#, Muhammad Farhanullah Khan, Habiballah Rana*
Toxicological effects of Haloxylon recurvum Bunge ex Boiss (Khar Boti) whole plant extract and novel insecticide chlorantraniliprole against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky
...secticides derived from plants have increased popularity in
stored products protection due to ecological concerns and insect resistance to
chemical insecticides. In these regards, a study were carried out to evaluate
toxicity of crude methanol extract of whole plant of Haloxylon recurvum (Khar boti)
and a novel insecticide chlorantraniliprole. A serial concentra...
stored products protection due to ecological concerns and insect resistance to
chemical insecticides. In these regards, a study were carried out to evaluate
toxicity of crude methanol extract of whole plant of Haloxylon recurvum (Khar boti)
and a novel insecticide chlorantraniliprole. A serial concentra...
Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Zafar Iqbal Khan2, Saira Batool2, Kafeel Ahmad2, Salma Begum2
Residual effect of lambda-cyhalothrin on abundance of insect pollinators in marigold field patch
...sent residual effects of lambda-cyhalothrin on the abundance of insect
pollinators was recorded under field and a semi- field conditions. Recommended
dose of lambda-cyhalothrin (0.093gm/ml) was used. The number of different
pollinators that visited the marigold plant before and after insecticidal spray was
recorded. In semi-field experiment, honey bees were expo...
pollinators was recorded under field and a semi- field conditions. Recommended
dose of lambda-cyhalothrin (0.093gm/ml) was used. The number of different
pollinators that visited the marigold plant before and after insecticidal spray was
recorded. In semi-field experiment, honey bees were expo...
Waqas Ali, Arshad Javid, Ali Hussain, Syed Mohsin Bukhari
Public attitude towards amphibian and reptiles in district Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan
...through March, 2016 was planned to
document public perceptions towards amphibians and reptiles in district Kasur,
Pakistan. A total of 200 respondents, 50 from each tehsil were interviewed from all
the four tehsils namely Pattoki, Chunnian, Kot Radha Kishan and Kasur. The
people of the study area used to prepare traditional medicines from body parts of
Bungarus caeruleus, Naja naja, Ptyas mucosus, Eryx johnii, Varanus bengale...
document public perceptions towards amphibians and reptiles in district Kasur,
Pakistan. A total of 200 respondents, 50 from each tehsil were interviewed from all
the four tehsils namely Pattoki, Chunnian, Kot Radha Kishan and Kasur. The
people of the study area used to prepare traditional medicines from body parts of
Bungarus caeruleus, Naja naja, Ptyas mucosus, Eryx johnii, Varanus bengale...
Mohsin Arshad1, Muhammad Irfan*2, Asad-Ur-Rehman1, Muhammad Nadeem3, Zile Huma3, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir4, Quratulain Syed3
Optimization of medium and substrate for CMCase production by Bacillus subtilis-BS06 in submerged fermentation and its applications in saccharification
...s for carboxymethyl cellulase
(CMCase) production under static and with agitation speed of 140 rpm. The whole
fermentation experiments were carried out in 250ml Erlenmeyer flask. Different
agricultural wastes such as sugarcane bagasse, wheat straw, rice husk, defatted
soybean meal, corn cobs and wheat bran were exploited for CMCase production
using different media (medium 1 (M1), medium II ...
(CMCase) production under static and with agitation speed of 140 rpm. The whole
fermentation experiments were carried out in 250ml Erlenmeyer flask. Different
agricultural wastes such as sugarcane bagasse, wheat straw, rice husk, defatted
soybean meal, corn cobs and wheat bran were exploited for CMCase production
using different media (medium 1 (M1), medium II ...
Hafiz Muhammad Umer Qaisar1, Tanveer Ahmad2, Muhammad Rizwan3*, Muhammad Saqib1
Antimicrobial efficacy of combination of lincomycin and spiramycin (Lispiracin™) as systemic dry cow therapy for controlling bovine mastitis
...
randomly at the end of lactation and divided into two equal G1 and G2 groups.
Group G1 was treated with lincomycin@ 5mg/kg (IM) and spiramycin@ 10 mg/kg
(IM) (Inj. lispiracin®) at end of lactation and at 14th day pre calving while group G2
was kept as control. Samples of milk were collected aseptically at dry off and at
day 14th post-calving. The efficacy of treatment was determined through<...
Group G1 was treated with lincomycin@ 5mg/kg (IM) and spiramycin@ 10 mg/kg
(IM) (Inj. lispiracin®) at end of lactation and at 14th day pre calving while group G2
was kept as control. Samples of milk were collected aseptically at dry off and at
day 14th post-calving. The efficacy of treatment was determined through<...
Zafar Iqbal1, Muhammad Farooq Nasir1, Imran Bodlah1*, Rahmatullah Qureshi2, Ayesha Aihetasham3
Notes on three morphs of Bulaea lichatschovii (Hummel) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Northern Pakistan
...
records....
Nabila Roohi, Mehjabeen, Samina Ashraf*
Effects of cigarette smoking on serum proteins profile in male active and passive smokers
... commercially
available kits by using automated clinical chemistry analyzer. Serum total proteins
have shown a significant decrease in smokers in comparison with controls. A
significant depression in serum albumin was observed in smokers due to increased
excretion of albumin in bound state with the chemicals, whereas, total globulins,
gamma globulins and non-gamma globulin serum proteins have shown significant
increase...
available kits by using automated clinical chemistry analyzer. Serum total proteins
have shown a significant decrease in smokers in comparison with controls. A
significant depression in serum albumin was observed in smokers due to increased
excretion of albumin in bound state with the chemicals, whereas, total globulins,
gamma globulins and non-gamma globulin serum proteins have shown significant
increase...
Ihsan Ali1#, Asim Aslam1*, Habib-ur-Rehman2, Beenish Zahid3, Ishtiaq Ahmed1
Effect of fish oil on growth performance and immune response in experimentally infected broiler chicken with avian influenza virus H9N2
...ne status and subside inflammation. This study was
design to observe the effects of Fish oil on lymphoid organs through
histopathology, growth performance and antibody response in H9N2 challenged
broilers. A total of 80 chicks were divided in to 4 groups A, B, C & D. Group A and
B were challenged with AI virus (H9N2) on 21 day of age, group B and C were
treated with 3% FO while group A and D were treated with cooking oil....
design to observe the effects of Fish oil on lymphoid organs through
histopathology, growth performance and antibody response in H9N2 challenged
broilers. A total of 80 chicks were divided in to 4 groups A, B, C & D. Group A and
B were challenged with AI virus (H9N2) on 21 day of age, group B and C were
treated with 3% FO while group A and D were treated with cooking oil....
Muhammad Asghar Hassan1, Imran Bodlah1* , Ayesha Aihetasham2
First record of the oriental species, Saltella setigera Brunetti, 1909 (Diptera: Sepsidae) from Pakistan
...ecies of the genus Saltella Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, Saltella
setigera Brunetti, 1909 is recorded for the first time from Pakistan. The additional
morphological and genital characters of S. setigera along with its photographs,
distributional notes and remarks are provided....
setigera Brunetti, 1909 is recorded for the first time from Pakistan. The additional
morphological and genital characters of S. setigera along with its photographs,
distributional notes and remarks are provided....
Halil Erhan Eroğlu
The comparison of the Felidae species with karyotype symmetry/asymmetry index (S/AI)
...
The S/AI is a new formula for the measurement of the karyotype
symmetry/asymmetry index. Especially in higher animals and humans, it is
important to know the values of the karyotype symmetry/asymmetry, so that
species, genera, families and orders can be compared. Also the evolutionary
relationships of higher organisms can be determined. The symmetry/asymmetry
index is applied to the Felid...
symmetry/asymmetry index. Especially in higher animals and humans, it is
important to know the values of the karyotype symmetry/asymmetry, so that
species, genera, families and orders can be compared. Also the evolutionary
relationships of higher organisms can be determined. The symmetry/asymmetry
index is applied to the Felid...
Khurram Shahzad1*, Muhammad Naeem Khan1, Farhat Jabeen2, Nasreen Kosour3, Muhammad Sohail1, Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan1, Munir Ahmad1
Bioaccumulation of manufactured titanium dioxide
...have the potential accumulative and
toxic influence in the water environments. There is a need to exploremore likely
accumulation of nanoparticles in the aquatic organisms. This study was designed
to investigate the possible bioaccumulation of TiO2, CuO and ZnO nanoparticles to
tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Fish were expo...
toxic influence in the water environments. There is a need to exploremore likely
accumulation of nanoparticles in the aquatic organisms. This study was designed
to investigate the possible bioaccumulation of TiO2, CuO and ZnO nanoparticles to
tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Fish were expo...
Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan1*, Muhammad Zafar2, Munazza Perveen3, Munir Ahmad3, Asia Iqbal4, Asmatullah3
Efficacy of malathion and carbosulfan against crop invadedaphid types Aphis craccivora (Koch) and Aphis gossypii (glover) on bean and brinjal plants
...ant insecticides viz., malathion and
carbosulfan against two important crop infesting aphid species Aphis gossypii
(Glover) and Aphis craccivora (Koch) were reared on brinjal and bean plants
respectively. In the laboratory, the vegetable plant leaves being applied by residual
film technique with tested Aphid popu
carbosulfan against two important crop infesting aphid species Aphis gossypii
(Glover) and Aphis craccivora (Koch) were reared on brinjal and bean plants
respectively. In the laboratory, the vegetable plant leaves being applied by residual
film technique with tested Aphid popu
Anber Naqvi1*#, Abdul Qadir1, Adeel Mahmood2, Mehvish Mumtaz3, Iqra Aslam1, Gan Zhang4
Assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in maternal blood serum from selected districts of Punjab, Pakistan
...inated PCBs in urban population descending
towards rural population. The mean TEQ concentration of eight dioxins like PCBs
was recorded as 0.03 ng/g l.w. Analysis of Σ34PCBs and socio-demographic
parameters reflected significant results for milk intake. The study findings
suggested a need for regulating the continuous intentional or unintentional
re...
towards rural population. The mean TEQ concentration of eight dioxins like PCBs
was recorded as 0.03 ng/g l.w. Analysis of Σ34PCBs and socio-demographic
parameters reflected significant results for milk intake. The study findings
suggested a need for regulating the continuous intentional or unintentional
re...
Siddra Tayyab Akhtar, Anjum Nasim Sabri
Twitching, swimming, swarming in biofilm forming strains in response to chemical and physical factors
Zafar Iqbal
A review of fisheries education in University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
...ablished in 1882. During last
six years (2010-2015) 3187 research papers were published in journals with impact
factors by university’s teaching faculty. In last eight years (2008-2015) 1153
scholars were awarded PhD degrees by the University. The zoology department
was established in 1921 and is now ranked among top departments. Significant
contrib...
six years (2010-2015) 3187 research papers were published in journals with impact
factors by university’s teaching faculty. In last eight years (2008-2015) 1153
scholars were awarded PhD degrees by the University. The zoology department
was established in 1921 and is now ranked among top departments. Significant
contrib...
Raazia Kiran1, Alya Riaz1, Muhammad Irfan1*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir2
An overview of pre-treatment methods used for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomasses into valuable products
...or making it readily available for enzymatic hydrolysis ...
Sobia Faisal1*,Qurat-ul-Ain Ahmad2, Maleeha Manzoor3, Madiha Manzoor4, Faisal Rifaq5
Socio-psychological factors related to tuberculosis diagnostic test seeking behavior in Pakistan
...untry like Pakistan in relation
to “Health Belief Model”, a best-fit health behavior theory. Literature was searched
systematically to find the studies addressing psychosocial factors affecting the
diagnostic test seeking behaviors of TB patients in Google scholar, Medline and
PubMed. The related articles had been reviewed for the period of 1998 to 2...
to “Health Belief Model”, a best-fit health behavior theory. Literature was searched
systematically to find the studies addressing psychosocial factors affecting the
diagnostic test seeking behaviors of TB patients in Google scholar, Medline and
PubMed. The related articles had been reviewed for the period of 1998 to 2...
Abdul Majid Khan*
Review report on mammalian dental defect (enamel hypoplasia) in different groups of mammals
......
Muhammad Asghar1*, Mirza Muhammad Qadeer Baig1, Sanaullalh Chaudhary1 and Muhammad Anjum Ali2
...ations of sprayable formulations of macronutrients (NPK) was conducted during Kharif 2012 to 14 at Adaptive Research Farm, Gujranwala, Pakistan. The experiment was conducted on a promising basmati rice cultivars Super basmati in RCBD with three repeats. The spray of difenoconazole at rate of 315 mlha-1 + 500gha-1 of NPK (20:20:20) significantly decreased incidence of BLS per leaf (9.31) and resulted in significant increase i...
Haniya Mazhar1, Naaz Abbas2, Tehseen Zamir3, Zahid Hussain1, Syed Shahid Ali4*
...hown by the bacterial isolate (PCSIR NL-37) from the soil of Lahore (Punjab, Pakistan) are being reported. Lipolytic bacterial strains (100) isolated from soil and water samples from oil industry, mobile oil filling areas and kitchen wastages were screened on tributyrin agar and rhodamine agar plates. The strain PCSIR NL-37 was identified as Bacillus cereus following morphological, ...
Masab Umair Khan, Syed Mehar Ali Shah, Hidayat-ur-Rahman, Arshad Iqbal* and Ezaz Aslam
...perimental material was planted in randomized complete block design with three replications. Significant differences among the hybrids were observed for plant height, ear height, days to tasseling, days to anthesis, days to silking, cob length, cob diameter, kernel rows cob-1, 100-kernel weight and grain yield. Among the hybrids, ZH1610 was observed as the earliest maturing hybrid with minimum days to tasseling (91.7), days ...
Muhammad S. Waqas, Ali A.Z. Shoaib, Xinlai Cheng, Qianqian Zhang, Asem S.S. Elabasy and Zu-hua Shi*
... as the influence of copulation on female’s longevity were investigated under the laboratory condition. Our results demonstrated that P. solenopsis reproduce sexually. Males mated 1-2 times in one day and 3-6 times in their lifetime, and did not show mating preference for female age or density. Although a few unmated females produced ovisacs, while they neither produced eggs nor gave birth any crawlers in the ov...
Atiq-ur-Rehman1,2,*, Abida Latif1,*, Rukhsana Anwar1, Nasir Abbas1, Sajid Nawaz2 and Hamid Turab Mirza3
...s type 2.
...
Faheem Ali1*, Muhammad Naeem Arbab1, Abdul Basit2, Muhammad Kashif Khan1, Gulzar Ahmad1 and Muhammad Amir1
..., and could be used for planting, cultivating, pumping, harvesting, drying, cooking, baking, woodworking, forging and smelting etc. This results in lagging Volt-Ampere-Reactive (VARs), which must be balanced by the same number of leading VARs in order to ensure unity power factor, thus avoiding penalties on agricultural industry. Switched Capacitors and Voltage Regu
Muhammad Shahzad Akbar, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed* and Muhammad Afzal
...gricultural crops, tree plantations and wooden infrastructures all over the world including Pakistan. This study was aimed to evaluate the comparative efficacy of 10 commercial formulations of new-chemistry insecticides against Odontotermes obesus (Isoptera: Termitidae), one of the most economic subterranean termite species in Indo-Pak region. Label-recommended dose rates of insecticides were tested against worker termites u...
Muhammad Iqbal1, Khalid Usman2*, Muhammad Arif1, Shakeel Ahmad Jatoi3, Muhammad Munir4 and Imran Khan1
...ety). The experiment was laid-out in randomized complete block design having ten treatments (including 9 exotics plus 1 local genotype) and three replications. The results showed that there were significant variations in all the parameters except moisture content that was found to be non-significant in 2013. The comparative assessment of the exotic germplasms investigated in this study displa<...
Khush Bukhat Zahid1*, Ghaffar Ali2, Samina Sabir1 and Mohammad Fayaz2
...all and temperature in relation to agricultural productivity for the period 1981-2009. For estimation purposes, the production function technique is used to evaluate the relationship between climate and yield variability. The results show that higher amount of rainfall has a negative and significant impact on the production of all crops including wheat, rice and maize. It may be because unexpected rainfall in Pakistan during...
A.M. Abdul Azeem, A.N. El Shahat* and Ashraf M. Mounir
...s of lead induced testicular and hepato-toxicity in rats. From the results, it was obtained that gamma irradiation induced significant increase in the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of pomegranate peels powder. Concurrent treatments of lead-injected rats with GPE induced significant reduction in serum activities of liver enzymes, level of hepatic and testicular lipid peroxidation and p<...
Muhammad Muddassir Ali1,2 and İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci1,*
...the world. Many endemic plants all over the world have magical therapeutic potential. These could be explored further for medicinal purposes and hence can be preserved for their proper propagation. Thermposis turcica is endemic to Turkey. It’s general anti-oxidant and anti-cancerous activities are explored, but no study has been observed on liver cancerous cell line in term of its genotoxicty. So, genotoxic evaluation was carried out for the alcoh...
Akshay Sharma*, Mohit Mahajan, Madhumeet Singh and Pravesh Kumar
... done to assess the vascularity and functional activity of corpus luteum present on the left ovary. Ultrasonography was employed at weekly interval to judge the viability of embryo (up to 42 days), fetus (after 42 days) and late embryonic mortality, if any. Sexing of the twins was done on 56th and 70th day post artificial insemination and two male twins were confirmed on the basis of genital tubercle, median raphe, scrotal a...
Abid Muhammad Shah1, Safdar Ali1*, Ijaz Ahmad2, Gulzada Wazir1, Obaidullah Shafique1, Muhammad Amir Hanif1, Bashir Ahmad Khan3 and Sumaira Zareen4
...eat productivity and population dynamics of weeds. Different wheat sowing methods (S) were Broadcasting, Line sowing, Ridge sowing, Bed sowing and herbicides used were Ally Max, Clean wave, Starane M. and Buctril Super 60 Ec. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with split plot arrangement having three replications. Hand weeded (weed free), and weedy check (control) plots were also maintained for comparison in each replicatio...
Saman Fatima* and Shazia Iram
...: justify;">Citrus reticulata Blanco (kinnow) is an important fruit crop of Pakistan playing pivotal role in its export economy. Due to various pathogens the quality of fruit gets diminished. One of such problem includes the occurrence of various skin disorders which leads to the rejection of fruit in international market. This study was designed in order to identify the pathogens that rui...
Ali Zohaib1*, Saima Yousaf1,2, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum1, Tahira Tabassum1, Tasawer Abbas3, Wardah Muzaffar1 and Wasiq Ikram2
...se efficiency. However, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are cheap and excellent alternate and can be applied as seed inoculation to enhance nutrient use efficiency along with reduced nutrient losses. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of seed inoculation viz. control (no treatment), Rhizobium japonicum (nitrogen fixing bacteria) and Pseudomonas fluorescens ...
Umair Talib1, Ijaz Ashraf2, Robert Agunga1 and Saleem Ashraf3*
...itigation strategies available for resource-poor farmers; and examine the implications for extension educations in Pakistan. The survey of 120 farmers was conducted in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, covering 36 districts and across three of the ten agro ecological zones of the country. Rice, cotton and mix-cropping are practiced in these zones. The findings show that maintaining soil fertility and controlling livestock diseases were the main challenges resou...
Misbahullah, Shad Khan Khalil, Asim Muhammad*, Afza Tabassum and Shah Fahad
...gical maturity, area of flag leaf, tillers number m-2 and spikelets per spike and decreased weed density in wheat. Sorghum extract sprayed at 1:3 gave more days to anthesis (123.4), days to physiological maturity (155.0) and sorghum concentration applied at 1:4 gave significantly more tillers m-2 (194.5) and more spikelets spike-1 (21.0). Sorghum extract concentration with combination of weedicide sprayed at tillering stage gave less number of weeds (76), mini...
Farkhanda Asad1*, Samina Qamer1, Tayyaba Ali1, Ammara Behzad1 and Tahira Yasmin2
...ity coefficient (%) of gelatinized and non-gelatinized corn in Cirrhinusmrigala fingerlings for 90 days. Using various levels of chromium chloride hexahydrate six test dietsdesignated as; T1(G/0.0, CrCl3.6H2O mg Kg-1), T2(NG/0.0, CrCl3.6H2O mg Kg-1), T3(G/0.2, CrCl3.6H2O mg Kg-1), T4(NG/0.2, CrCl3.6H2O mgKg-1), T5 (G/0.4, CrCl3.6H2O mg Kg-1) and T6(NG/0.4, CrCl3.6H2O mg Kg-1) were prepared...
Neelum Andaleeb1*, Munir Khan1, Syed Attaullah Shah1 and Rahmat Ullah2
...he head and agricultural land holding of the household, were used as explanatory variables in the model. Results of ordered logit model showed that education level of the head, numbers of income generating individuals, land holding, number of milking animals, women involvement in livestock farming, access to agricultural credit had positive significant effects on household’s probabil...
Aiguo Zhou1,3,4, Shaolin Xie1,4, Zhenlu Wang1, Lanfen Fan1, Yanfeng Chen2, QiaoYe1, Fang Zeng1 and Jixing Zou1,*
...China, but an uncertain classification has existed for many years. In present study, mitochondrial Cyt b gene was used to analyze the relationships and genetic diversity of two color morphs of northern snakehead. For the Chnannidae family, the average genetic distances of Cyt b gene was 0.171 (ranged 0.000 to 0.248) with the inter-species genetic distances. The intra-species genetic distance ranged from 0.000 t...
Shagufta Nighat1, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1,*, Syed Israr Shah1, Amber Khalid1, Tariq Mahmood2, Ayesha Aihetasham3 and Muhammad Asif4
...xic metals are bio-accumulated by insectivorous bats due to their foraging habits and high trophic level. There is a growing interest on the conservation of bats throughout the world as they play an important role in controlling insect population. We measured cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) concentrations in bat tissues through atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Our fin...
Ajmal Khan* and Rehan Ullah
...gate the prevalence of malaria and its specific aetiologic agents in suspected patients reported to various laboratories of Agency Head Quarter Hospital Khar, Bajaur Agency. In this study, a total number of 9720 suspected individuals were examined; among which 1273 (13.1%) were found to be positive for malaria infection with different Plasmodium s...
Faiz Muhammad1,2, Canfeng Dou1, Zhen-ming Lü1,*, Li Gong1, Xun Du1 and Muhammad Shafi3
....24% variation among populations and 8.76% within population. Genetic fixation index was also calculated as 0.91243*. The neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis revealed three lineages. The Dongshan population distinctly has shown separate lineage. The haplotype networking has shown that Hap1 contributed 48.051% and appeared in six popu
Jun Yan Bai1,*, Yong Gang Zhao2 and Yu Qin Wang1
...loci of GHRL genes, thus laying foundations for genetic marker of growth traits of goats. In this study, GHRL genes of black goat and Yaoshan goat were collected for PCR amplification. Polymorphism of goat species was tested by sequencing technology. Results demonstrated that there are two mutation sites (SNP loci) of the primer GHRL-2 in black goat and Yaoshan goat, which are G447C site a...
Qingling Hu1,2,3,* and Jinian Feng3
... sp.n. from Hainan Island of China is described and illustrated. This new species is unique in this genus by the combinations of having 5 pairs of long setae on pronotum, the ultrashort chapped craspedum on posterior margin of abdominal tergites, and the shape and relative locations of setae on tergite IX.
...
Muhammad Ijaz1, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Rahmatullah2, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Sadaqat Ali3,*, Awais Ghaffar1, Ahmad Ali1 and Sehrish Saleem1
...ls have significant correlation with PCV, serum electrolytes, and trace and ultra-trace elements.
...
Muhammad Kashif Maan1, Ghulam Mustafa1, Munibullah2 and Sajid Umar2,*
...s showed the signs of ocular lesions associated with plaque formation on the cornea and sclera and papilloma formation on the lateral limbus of eye. The tumors were large and usually protruded through the palpebral fissure and infiltrate the entire eye ball. Diagnosis was made based upon the clinical and histopathological examination of the tumor sample....
Chao Zhao1,2, Juan Feng1, Haidong Xu1, Lihua Qiu1,2,*, Qibin Yang1, Zhenhua Ma1 and Jian G. Qin3
...f Penaeus monodon larvae and bacteria communities in the rearing tanks. The survival of P. monodon in the 36 h experimental period was not significantly affected by the water pretreatment (P > 0.05). However, the bacteria communities were significantly affected by water pretreatment (P < 0.05). Heterotrophic bacteria and vibro counts in the formalin treatment were significantly lower than UV treatment and untreated group (P...
Mirza Imran Shahzad1, Hina Ashraf2,*, Muhammad Arshad3, Sabeeha Parveen4, Amna Aslam4, Nargis Naz4, Zahid Kamran1, Sumbul Gohar Khalid5, Sajid Hameed1, Muhammad Ashfaq6 and Muhammad Mukhtar7
...ven selected Cholistani plants against New Castle Disease Virus (NDV)-LaSota strain. All of these plants were reported for their different pharmacological activities but their antiviral potentials were not known before. The methanolic extracts were made and concentrated by rotary evaporator and finally dissolved in distilled water before taking their antiviral trials in 7-11 days old chicken embryonated eggs. The viral loads...
Muhammad Shahzad Khattak1*, Amjad Khan1, Mahmood Alam Khan1, Waqas Ahmad2, Shafiq ur Rehman3, Mohammad Sharif4 and Sajjad Ahmad1
... and Kabul River at Tarbela, Mangla, Marala and Warsak hydrological stations for the period 1962-2011. A drought spell starting from 1999 and ending in 2002 was observed for all stations and is considered to be the worst drought in the history of Pakistan. Analysis of historical streamflow data indicated an increased occurrence of droughts in the last 12...
Fouzia Tabssum1, Qamar uz Zaman2*, Yinglong Chen3,4, Umair Riaz5*, Waqas Ashraf6, Ambreen Aslam2, Nusrat Ehsan2, Rab Nawaz2, Humera Aziz7 and Shamim ul Sibtain Shah8
...age (15 days after transplanting, DAT), vegetative state (50 DAT) or at both stages. Results from pot experiment revealed that foliar applied 50 mM proline significantly improved the seedling growth under saline stress by reducing electrolyte leakage and improving the water related (relative water contents and water potential), and biochemical attributes (SOD, CAT, MDA, EL and T CHL). Unde...
Imran Khan1*, Muhammad Iqbal1 and Malik Muhammad Hashim2
...em irrigation intervals play an important role. The farmers do not have sufficient knowledge about the suitable irrigation time (interval). The aim of study was to explore the best irrigation time for sugar beet crop. Hence, this study examines the physiological response of sugar beet cv. California-kws with different irrigation intervals at the research farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal university Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan during 2013-14 and 2014-15. The st...
Muhammad Amir Iqbal1, Nabila Roohi1*, Ahmad Qureshy2
.../b> | Present study was planned to evaluate the alterations in renal and hepatic profile induced by overt hyperthyroidism as well as its subclinical form. A total of 179 subjects comprising both genders and fulfiling the exclusion and inclusion criteria were recruited for this prospective investigation. Sixty healthy controls, thirty four subclinical, fifty overt hyperthyroid and thirty five follow-up subjects having 3 months of anti-thyroid therapy were recru...
Zhongquan Zhao*, Tianyuan Yang, Lei Qiao, Qijie He and Zinuo Dai
...characteristics of Dazu black goats (1056 kidding, 584 adult does and 224 adult bucks) have been researched in this study. The results showed that the age of puberty, sex maturity and breeding for male and female kids were 102.0±4.2 days vs. 117.0±8.7 days; 216.0±28.5 days vs. 195.0±22.4 days; 490.0±38.5 days vs. 355.0±27.5 days, respectively. Estrous cycle was 20.1±0.5 days. The duration of the natural estrous ...
Mubashir Ahmad Khan*, Nazakat Nawaz, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Ayub Khan, Tahira, Doulat Baig, Ihsan Ullah Khan and Shamim ul Sibtain Shah
...tural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan. Data were recorded on days to flower initiation, days to flower completion, reproductive period, days to maturity, pod filling period, plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, seed yield (kg/ha). Seed yield ranged from 352 to 878 kg/ha with a mean value of 521 kg/ha. A total of...
Muhammad Salman Wazir and Mohammad Akmal
...imes. Results showed a delay in maturity with taller plants at the split N application of NAT2 and NS3 as compared to the NS1. Likewise, better traits of wheat plant and hence the yield including grain wet gluten content were reported for the treatment NS3 as sole wheat crop, followed by the intercropped with fababean. Among the intercropping, IC-I with fababean showed better future scope ...
Fatih Korkmaz1, Veysel Parlak2, Özgür Kaynar3, Arzu Ucar2, Gonca Alak1,* and Muhammed Atamanalp2
...philic, psychotropic and lactic acid bacteria, Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and pH values on quality during 12 days. The decrease in bacterial growth activity, physicochemical values (TVB-N, TBARS and pH) and prolonged shelf life in a natural preservative dependence were observed in the fillets. Generally all the test parameters, such as microbi...
Yan-Guo Han1, Xiao-Li Peng1, Kai Li1, Yu-He-Tian Zhao1, Xun-Ping Jiang2, Guang-Xin E1, Yong-Ju Zhao1, Jun-Hua Ye3, Li Xu3, Qin-Tao Zhao3 and Yong-Fu Huang1,*
...accine and growth of ram lambs. In this study, we constructed the ptS/2SS-asd plasmid, pCpG plasmid and the CpG-SS fusion type recombinant plasmid named ptCS/2SS-asd. Twelve ram lambs were randomly divided into three groups, namely, the treatment (Group T1, ptCS/2SS-asd; Group T2, pCpG + ptS/2SS-asd) groups and the con...
Daniel Zaborski,1,* Muhammad Ali,2 Ecevit Eyduran,3 Wilhelm Grzesiak,1 Mohammad Masood Tariq,2 Ferhat Abbas,2 Abdul Waheed4 and Cem Tirink5
... neural networks - ANN, classification and regression trees - CART, chi-square automatic interaction detector - CHAID and multivariate adaptive regression splines - MARS) and indicating the most influential predictors of these traits. A total of 382 reproduction records including three predictors (month of lambing - MOL, age at first lambing - AFL and la...
Abderraouf Chouaib Rebbah1, Mohcen Menaa2,*, Salah Telailia3,Menouar Saheb1 and Mohamed Cherif Maazi2
...e the composition of woodland breeding avifauna and to analyze the spatial distribution among habitat types (oak woodlands, pine woodlands and oak-pine mixed woodlands). A total of 69 species were observed. One species was recorded only in mixed oak-pine forests, six were found exclusively in oak woodlands and 17 speci...
Shaher Bano1, Sarah Ghafoor1,* and Nadia Naseem2
... performing diverse cellular functions and is immunolocalized in ductal epithelium of salivary glands. The development of salivary glands is under the influence of various hormones including Triiodothyronine hormone (T3). Submandibular gland of rat is an excellent model to study salivary gla
Farhat Iqbal1, Mohammad Masood Tariq2,*, Ecevit Eyduran3, Zil-e-Huma4, Abdul Waheed5, Farhat Abbas2, Muhammad Ali2, Nadeem Rashid2, Majed Rafeeq2, Asadullah2 and Zahid Mustafa2
...s an alternative to the classical approach for estimating the body growth of Mengali sheep breed of Balochistan, Pakistan. The parameters mature weight, integration constant, maturity rate and their credible intervals of four widely-used nonlinear sigmoidal growth models were estimated through Bayesian inference. Gompertz, Logistic, Brody and Von Bertalanffy models were fitted to average monthly body weight data of (n = 412)...
Xiao-Ying Ren1, Di Zhang2 and Wan-Long Zhu1,*
...>E. fidelis, E. melanogaster, E. chinensis, E. proditor, E. custos, E. cachinus, E. eleusis, E. miletus and E.olitor), ANOVA analyses, principal components analysis, thin plate spline, UPGMA and Multidimensional Scaling were used. The results showed that there had significant differences in skull shapes of centroid size in Eothenomys. Orbital cavity and alveo...
Radek Aulicky1,*, Vaclav Stejskal1 and George Opit2
...new restrictive DDVP regulations we investigated efficacy of short exposures of slow- release DDVP strips from the perspective of increasing the human safety. Therefore, we determined efficacy of 1-, 6-, and 24-h DDVP (evaporation rate: 0.15 ± 0.02 g.day-1) strip exposures on 5 stored-product pests, namely, Tribolium castaneum, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Rhyzopertha dominica and Sitophi...
Gangchun Xu1,2, Fukuan Du2, Yuyu Wang2, Yan Li2, Zhijuan Nie2 and Pao Xu1,2,*
...n this study, two prostaglandin E synthase 2 (PTGES2) orthologs were identified. The full length ortholog PTGES2a was 1,575 bp and contained a 1,167-bp Open Reading Frame that encoded a protein of 388 amino acids. The 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions were 269 bp and 139 bp, respectively. The full length ortholog PTGES2b was 1,457 bp and contained a 729-bp ORF that encoded a protein of 242 amino...
Ghulam Ali1,3, Wopke van der Werf2 and Just M. Vlak1,
...er, slow speed of kill relative to chemicals and continued feeding following application limit their effectiveness in preventing crop losses. Here we studied the food consumption and weight gain of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera litura following application of two viral doses of Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (Pakistan isolate SpltNPV-Pak-BNG). Infected larvae with final pol...
Mujib ur Rahman1, Munir Khan2*, Himayatullah Khan2, Malik Muhammad Shafi2 and Haidar Ali2
...ndents from the three villages namely Utmanzai, Rajjar and Matta-Mughal-Khel were randomly selected. A comparative analysis of chadar and suit cloth was done regarding sale in Charsadda market and other cities of the country. In Charsadda market, 3/4 producing units sold their products, while 1/4 of the producers were involved in marketing of these products to other cities of the country. Profit per month of Chadar and Suit cloth in the local market was found ...
Amara Amjad Hashmi1,2,*, Maqbool Hussain Sial3, Waqar Akram4 and Maaida Hussain Hashmi5,6
...ity, malnutrition during last decade (2005-14). This study takes lead from earlier studies, in a sense; it covers two food price hike periods (2007 and 2011). So, it is important to understand, how food insecurity status and nutrition are affected by these shocks during this period. Thus, we use nationally representative data called as Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) from 2005-2014. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics collects this data in five rounds...
Muhammad Tahir Amin, Khalid Usman*, Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik and Nishter Ali
...n grown under reduced tillage system (one tiller followed by one rotavator at 7–10 cm depth). Five irrigation intervals (7th, 10th, 13th, 16th and 19th day) and phosphorus levels (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg P2O5 ha-1) were kept in main- and subplots, respectively in RCBD with split plots arrangement with three replications. Results revealed that irrigation intervals significantly affected all the parameters such as pla...
Nighat Seema1*, Muhammad Hamayun1, Husan Ara1 and Raham Sheer Khan2
...ulously with their host plants and may be more capable to solubilize nutrients from soil and provide it to their hosts. In current study, endophytic fungi inoculation significantly affected the soil properties such as soil texture, organic matters, EC and pH with or without 8% PEG induced drought stress. Upon inoculation of different endophytic fungi with or without drought stress, the tre...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari1*, Ghulam Ali Bajwa2 and S. Shafiqur Rehman1
...erved in ring-width. The largest mean ring-width was 3.33±0.31 mm, while the smallest ring-width was 1.85±0.27 mm. The mean intra-ring early wood formation was 75.56±0.21%, while the intra-ring late wood formation was 24.44±1.95%. The highest growth in ring-width and intra-ring early wood formation was recorded during 1962-71, while that of intra-ring late wood ...
Nadejda Lukanova1*, Radka Vlaeva2 and Boriana Ivanova3
...timated in days. We calculated duration of covering, length of gestation, gestation length in accordance with the foal gender (in days) and gestation length in accordance with the month of covering. ...
Muhamad Jawad*, Shahid Riaz Malik, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar, Muhammad Asadullah, Israr Hussain and Rabia Khalid
...mong the genotypes. Correlation analysis indicates negative correlation of yield with lowest pod height and highly significant correlation between lowest pod height and plant height. Cluster analysis performed for qualitative and quantitative traits separately. It was observed that genotypes with suitable plant type fo...
Asim Faraz1,*, Muhammad Younas2, Abdul Waheed1, Muhammad Yaqoob2 and Kashif Ishaq3
...lves, respectively). Available species for grazing/browsing were kikar, phulai, beri, siras, jand, khagal, dhaman, persain, khawi, bui, bhakra, kari, laana, phog, karir and khar laana. Regarding hair mineral status Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn concentrations were found to be significantly different (P<0.05) between calf groups being higher in IMS as (685...
A.H. Shahzad1, A. Sattar1,*, A. Husnain1, I. Ahmad2, N. Ahmad1, D. Nak3 and Y. Nak3
...ased resynch protocol in lactating Holstein cows at two different geographical locations. On location A, 160 postpartum cows were enrolled in standard CIDR-EB protocol. Cows were subjected to timed AI and randomly assigned into two groups: 1) control (n=70), subjected to AI on detected estrus (AIDE) from d18-d30 post TAI. Pregnancy rate was diagnosed on d30, d60 and d90 post TAI, 2) resynch (n=90) received CIDR from d14-d21 post TAI. On day 23, all cows...
Jair Millán-Orozco1,*, Jersson Millán-Orozco2 and Luz María Tejada-Ugarte3
...i>P<0.05). A correlation of -0.74 (P<0.05) was obtained between environment temperature and grazing activity. It was concluded that Saint Croix sheep, showed monthly pattern throughout the year and displayed high grazing activity at noon along the year, denoting great heat tolerance.
...
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Memoona Chaudhary2, Riaz Hussain3, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan4, Muhammad Luqman Sohail5,*, Madiha Khan6, Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Mehtab Ahmad7, Muhammad Sajid Hasni2, Imran Qaiser8, Ghazanfar Rashid1, Ikramul Haq1 and Ikramullah Khan8
...in range. A total of 768 lactating she-camels were screened for subclinical mastitis using California mastitis test (CMT). A preformed questionnaire was used to obtain data for the potential risk factors. Results showed an overall prevalence of 47.14% for subclinical mastitis. Statistical analysis revealed non-significant (P>0.05) difference between Cholistan desert and Suleiman mountain range (48.18% and 46.09%, respectively). S. aureus
Muhammad Saqib Shahzad1, Amina Arif1,*,Saeeda Kalsoom2, Javed Iqbal3, Shahnam Shafique2, Muhammad Shahid Nadeem4 and Rafique Ahmed5
... groups, viral load and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values were recorded and analyzed for rapid virologic response (RVR), non-rapid virologic response (NRVR), sustained virologic response (SVR) and non-sustained virologic response (NSVR). Among the evaluated patients RVR was found among 81.5% and NRVR among 18.5%. Out of RVR patients, SVR was found in majority (80.2%). However, among NRVR equal percentage of SVR and NSVR was found. An inverse association of...
Mudassar Javed, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed*, Muhammad Luqman and Muhammad Afzal
...ous borers, Earias vittella and Helicoverpa armigera (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera), has been one of the contemporary issues of the farmers in Afro-Asian regions. This two-year field study was carried out to evaluate an IPM (bio-intensive) module developed by selecting through in-situ evaluation and incorporating the most effective pest control options along with the biological (parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis egg cards) and cultural techniques against okra lepidop...
Muhammad Furqan1, Usman Ali1,*, Anjum Ara1, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad2, Muhammad Siddique Awan3, Riaz Aziz Minhas3, Khawaja Basharat Ahmad3, Qamar Zaman Qamar4 and Naeem Iftikhar Dar5
... study distribution, population status and habitat utilization of Indian grey mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii) 18 localities were sampled from 3 zones created in Mirpur district (Azad Jammu and Kashmir). Random transects of fixed length were laid and number of active burrows counted and habitat analysed using quadrat method. Mongoose was distributed with average population density of ...
Effect of Seed Inoculation with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on Yield and Quality of Soybean
Saima Yousaf1,2, Ali Zohaib2*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum2, Tahira Tabassum2, Tasawer Abbas3, Sohail Irshad4, Usman Javed5 and Naila Farooq6
...utrient use efficiency. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can be applied to improve the growth and yield by improving nutrient availability to crop plants. A field experiment was carried out to determine the effect of seed inoculation with PGPRs on yield and quality of different genotypes of soybean. Seed inocula...
Babar Tasim1, Tariq Masood1*, Zafar Ali Shah1, Muhammad Arif2, Ata Ullah1, Ghazal Miraj3 and Muhammad Samiullah4
... punicea, SS), Chickpea plant (Cicer arietinum, CP), Maize cobs (Zea Mays, MC), Wheat straw (Triticum aestivum, WS), Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) bagasse (BG) and Animal dung (AD) were pyrolyzed at temperature range of 300-500 oC in order to compare the biochar samples obtained on the base of its physical and chemical properties. Physico-chemical characteristic such as pH, EC, proximate composition, macro and micronutrients, surface functional groups iden...
Masaud Khan1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Tahir Sarwar1 and Muhammad Jamal Khan2
...he basis of MAD 30%. Simulation of nitrate leaching showed that Nitrate leaching was more sensitive to irrigation levels than Nitrogen doses. With the increasing level of irrigation nitration, leaching increased significantly compared to the increasing Nitrogen doses and same pattern was observed with the decreasing irrigation levels and decreasing nitrogen doses. When irrigation levels were increased by 10 and 20% nitrate leaching increased by 38 and 48%. Sim...
Muhammad Ilyas*, Sardar Ali Khan, Shahid Iqbal Awan and Shafiq-Ur-Rehman
...her for grain yield and plant height, hence additive gene action was depicted. While, narrow sense heritability and genetic advance was lower for remaining parameters under both the environmental conditions which clearly specified that non-additive gene action was present. Results indicated that the said breeding material might be better suited for heterosis breeding under drought prone semi-arid areas. ...
Ali Bakhsh1*, Mashal Rehman1, Said Salman1 and Rehmat Ullah2
...o, it is imperative for plant breeders to develop cotton lines that can grow on minimum water availability. In this study performance of 23 cotton genotypes was compared for seed cotton yield and fiber quality traits under water stress and non-stress conditions. All the genotypes depicted significant differences for days to first square formation, days to first flower formation, plant heig...
Salman Ali*, Inamullah, Muhammad Arif, Mehran Ali, Muhammad Owais Iqbal, Fazal Munsif and Arsalan Khan
...wth and yield. Water availability at critical crop growth stages reduces water losses and improves water use efficiency and yield of a crop. Potassium is a major plant nutrient required in large quantity by crops and has a significant role in increasing crop growth and yield by reducing the adverse effects of drought stress. Although a large quantity of ...
Zakiullah1, Muhammad Farid Khan1*, Muhammad Mohibullah3, Muhammad Iqbal2, Irfanullah3, Faheemullah3, Madiha Urooj1 and Uzma Arif1
...3, Azam, Sarhad white, Jalal, Iqbal and Pahari were used in this experiment to determine their combining ability through 6 x 6 diallel mating design. The research was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications at Cereal Crop Research Institute (CCRI) Pirsabak, Nowshehra (K.P.K) Pakistan during the year 2015. The results displayed highly significant (P≤0.01) var...
Raza Ullah1* and Jamal Shah2
...s etc. Farmers adopt available risk coping tools to minimize the impacts of such risks at farm level however, these adoptions require farmers to incur cost or forgo part of the potential benefits from agricultural production. These costs (explicit or implicit) are referred to as the cost of risk management. Previous studies on risk management in agriculture however have ignored such costs. The present study is therefore designed to investigate how adoption of ...
Muhammad Rameez Khan1, Muhammad Imtiaz2, Farhatullah3, Sohail Ahmad1 and Sajid Ali1*
...es so far, mainly due to lack of information on the prevalence across Pakistan. Surveillance for powdery mildew status assessment was conducted across Pakistan during three wheat crop seasons i.e., 2015-2016 to 2017-2018. A total of 437 fields (from 63 districts) were surveyed in 2016, 480 fields (from 69 districts) in 2017 and 294 fields (from 34 districts) in 2018, revealing a high prevalence of powdery mildew in the north...
Shamesa Maryam1, Ajaz Ahmad Sandhu1, Imran Bodlah2*, Muhammad Asif Aziz2, Ayesha Aihetasham3
...rsquo;s fauna of Gujranwala and carried out during January to March (2016). For this purpose aphids were collected from twenty two host plants at six different localities of Gujranwala area of Punjab province, Pakistan. Total 12 species namely; Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Aphis gossypii, Aphis nerii, Rhopalosiphum padi, Lipaphis erysimi, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, <...
Farheen Shaikh*, Saima Naz, Nadir Ali Birmani
...e examined for their population and rate of infestation on Common quail Coturnix coturnix (Aves: Galliformes: Phasianidae) from Jamshoro and Hyderabad Districts, Sindh, Pakistan. The study was conducted during 2013-2014. Twenty-six Common Quails were observed in four localities including two urban and two rural areas of Jamshoro and Hyderabad Districts. The selected birds were tagged with identity rings and 5-8 hosts in each locality were examined. Infe...
Syeda Beenish Bukhari1, Sidra Khalid1*, Shahid Bashir1, Riffat Mehboob2, Humaira Waseem2
...tionnaire. Data were tabulated and analyzed with the help of SPSS version 21.0. Results of current study showed that barriers to complete vaccination course were lack of information, myths, un-availability, non-affordability, fear of side effects and fear of lack of safety of vaccination procedure/ dirty needles. Analysis revealed a significant associati...
Ateeq ur Rehman1, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Muhammad Irfan Zafar1, Faqeer Hussain2, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar3 and Azhar Ali Khan3
...resistance among the available wheat germplasm in Pakistan against the deadly rust disease. 152 lines of the wheat were screened against brown and yellow rust of wheat which are a serious pathosystem of wheat throughout the world. Some varieties were found resistant some were found moderately resistant while some were in susceptible response against the both rust disease. No variety was found to be resistant at all against t...
Liaqat Ali Shahid1*, Nadeem Amjad2 and Muhammad Abdul Hanan Siddhu3
...age fuel consumption and labour requirement (un-skilled + skilled) were found to be 3.5 litres and 3.53 man-hour, respectively. The machine was also tested with clean Eucalyptus stems without leaves and small branches. The average throughput capacity in this case was found to be 568 kg.h-1 with an average machine efficiency of 97 percent. Total average fuel consumption and labour requirement (unskilled + skilled) were found ...
Shumaila Nazeer1, Iqbal Javed1*, Allah Bakhsh2, Mudassar Yasin2, Haroon Javaid3 and Kaniz Fatima1
... justify;">Brazil is the largest citrus producing country in the world. Pakistan stands at the number 12th among citrus producing country. Pakistan is the world largest producer of citrus reticula variety (kinnow). The current study under hand is conducted to find the margin and determinants of kinnow exports from Pakistan to international markets of UAE and USA by using the primary data. ...
Sabi-ur-rehman1, Farooq Azam1, Shaheed Ur Rehman2, Tasbeeh Ur Rahman3, Ayeza Mehmood4, Afshan Gohar5 and Abdul Samad5*
...onocarpus erectus. This plant was selected due to its great medicinal importance like its leaves and fruits have been using traditionally as antipyretic, anti diabetic, anti malarial and for the treatment of conjunctivitis, syphilis, gonorrhea, orchitis, diarrhea, anemia, prickly heat and swellings etc. The plant has also reported to have pharmacological active phytochemicals i.e. conocarp...
Muhammad Asad Saleem1,*, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1, Mudssar Ali1, Muhammad Amin2, Muhammad Tayyab1,3 and Sumaira Maqsood4
...gy and development under laboratory conditions and survival against sub-lethal doses of B. bassiana and biorational insecticide (Nitenpyram). Sugarcane sets as alternate to date palm stem were successfully used as diet for rearing RPW. Combination of entomopathogenic fungus (Bb) and Nitenpyram (Nit) were found more lethal to survival of RPW. A reduction in pupation and adult emergence was recorded in the combined treatments. Moreover, decrease in weight...
Aqeel Mehboob, Syed Muhammad Zaka*, Muhammad Sarmadand Maryam Bajwa
...ttacks on the leaves and later stage larva fed almost every part of plant. Due to environmental pollution and the incapability of toxic agents in controlling the target pests at the recommended doses of synthetic pesticides, alternative methods like botanical extract in the control of this pest consider greater importance nowadays. The antifeedant and oviposition deterrent index of Mori...
Muhammad Shabir Shaheen1, Shahid Mehmood1, Athar Mahmud1, Jibran Hussain1, Ahmed Sultan Jatoi2, Muhammad Yaqoob3, Sohail Ahmad1 and Arshad Javid4,*
... 308, Cobb 500, Hubbard classic). All the chicks having uniform body weight were randomly distributed into 36 replicates having 20 birds each according to completely randomized design and were fed the same quantity of feed. The birds were subjected to 4 heating systems during brooding (Floor Heating, Diesel, Gas and Electricity Bulb). Growth performances, blood glucose, cholesterol level and economic appraisal in term of running cost / Kg of live meat were rec...
Mujahid Niaz Akhtar* and Amjad Farooq
...oited to manage pest population. The objective of present study was to find relationships between predator’s Coccinellid septempunctata, Lynx spider and preys Helicoverpa armigera, Pectinophora gossypiella, Earias vitella populations found on cultivated cotton crops (government approve...
Tamoor Azeem1,*, M. Yasin Tipu1, Asim Aslam1, Sajjad Ahmed2, Salman Ahmed Abid1, Abdullah Iqbal3, Naeem Akhtar4, Muhammad Saleem4, Aamerzish Mushtaq4 and Sajid Umar4
...>Babesia, and Anaplasma. The current study was executed to investigate haematobiochemical alterations in camels during haemoparasitism. Blood samples were collected from 200 camels of either sex and different ages from district Attock. Samples were processed for haematobiochemical analysis and thin smear stained with Field stain according to standard procedure. Out of 200 camels 46% of them have blood parasites. Trypanosoma was the most preva...
Muhammad Tufail1, Naila Chand1, Rafiullah1, Shakoor Ahmad2, Rifat Ullah Khan2, Muhammad Mobashar3 and Shabana Naz4,*
... The highest level of replacement (MOS-100) showed the maximum dressing percentage, weight of bursa, thymus and spleen. Significantly higher villus height, crypt depth and goblet cell count were recorded in MOS-100. It was concluded from the results that improvement in growth performance, intestinal histomorphology and relative weight of lymphoid organs in broiler chicks during finisher phase was attributed to MOS at the lev...
Khwaja Tariq Ziad1, Umar Hayat1, Muhammad2 and Muhammad Suleman Bacha3*
...of its fertile irrigated land, four seasons and glorious history of old traditions of farming. The current study is designed to analyse the response of participants an informal and formal supply chains for small-scale dairy farmers in Pakistan. The study aimed at explaining the costs of the chosen supply channels and their transaction costs, the role of the mid-agent opportunistic behaviour in the re...
Shamsher Ali1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Zahir Shah2, Naveedullah3 and Abdul Jalal1
...species on salt affected lands is an effective tool for getting desirable productivity. A two-factor experiment using complete randomized design with three replications in pots having silt loam soil was carried out on April 03, 2016 to examine three maize genotypes (Iqbal, Jalal, and Azam) under different salinity levels i.e. 0.4, 2.7, 5.2 and 7.6 dS m-1 at Amir Muhammad Khan Campus, Mardan, the University of Agriculture, Pe...
Muhammad Huzaifa Mehmood1, Muhammad Ahmad Iqbal2, Muhammad Daood1, Muhammad Rizwan Tariq3*, Khubaib Ali3
...ture profile, taste and flavour. Mostly dieticians recommend rabbit meat due to low in caloric value then other traditional meats. To enhance the quality of rabbit meat oat is used as feed for rabbits, because oat is good source of dietary ingredients. In this study 2-4% oat seeds were used to investigate their dietary response. The range of oat that is used in this research will improved the blood lipid and fatty acid profiles and reduced the percentage of fa...
Mehran Ali1*, Inamullah1, Muhammad Bilal2, Salman Ali1, Farooq Nawaz1 and Muhammad Owais Iqbal1
...in soil with suitable tillage implement might better enhance grain yield and soil fertility. To investigate the influence of tillage systems and nitrogen (N) sources incorporation on soil physical properties, total N and maize productivity, a field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during summer 2016. The design used was randomized complete block design with split plot...
Muhammad Amin1, Aftab Ahmad Khan2, Abida Perveen1, Zareen Rauf1, Sher Shah Hassan2*, Muhammad Arif Goheer2 and Muhammad Ijaz2
...ng policies and caused delays in its prevention (Gore, 2002). Pakistan is one the counties which is affected badly by drought. In near Past, Pakistan faced one of the worst drought span drought in 50 years from 1998 to 2003 which harshly affected socially and economically. The present study was conducted on dry land areas of Punjab-Pakistan. The satellite data for NDVI were acquired from MODIS product MOD13A2 for years from ...
Ajmal Khan Kassi1*, Humayun Javed1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
... cultivar showed maximum larval population (0.43) followed by Round White Brinjal (0.39) while the minimum larval population was observed on Round Brinjal 86602 (0.27) and was found comparatively resistant against the pest. The correlation between fruit infestation and larval popu
Rahat Afza, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed and Muhammad Asam Riaz*
...ial predators of the canola and mustard aphids. But the application of insecticides in field to manage aphids cause impairment of several key biological traits of the exposed coccinellids through physiological and behavioral effects. It is crucial to understand the effects of insecticides on the coccinellids. The current research was aimed at determining the intra-guild predation (IGP) of different life stages combinations of Coccinel<...
Pingping Cang1, Mingming Zhang1, Guo Qiao1,Qirui Sun1, Dehai Xu3, Qiang Li1, Xinghua Yuan4 and Wenbin Liu2,*
...), a representative mudflat aquaculture species, was used to evaluate the effects of biofloc technology (BFT) on growth, nutrition and economic profitability in mudflat fish aquaculture. A 60-d experiment was conducted in zero-water exchange BFT system. The results demonstrated that weight gain (WG), specific growth (SG) and survival in BFT group were 133.94%, 1.20% day-1 and 90.0%, respectively. In control group...
Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik1, Khalid Usman1*, Tahir Amin1, Muhammad Riaz2, Zafar Iqbal3 and Fiaz Hussain1
...for all crops and particularly for cotton, which has been a major export contributor of Pakistan. In this scenario, drought-tolerant cotton cultivars with zero tillage could be the best option. This research aims to quantify the impact of limited water on lint yield and quality of cotton genotypes. An experiment was managed in a split plot, randomized complete block design, replicated thrice at the Agricultural Research Inst...
Sumaira Maqsood1,*, Muhammad Afzal2, Muhammad Saleem Haider1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1, Muhammad Ali1, Muhammad Ashfaq1, Muhammad A. Aqueel2 and Muhammad Irfan Ullah2
...controller which can regulate an extensive range of bollworms larvae in both Agricultural and Horticultural crops. Spodoptera litura is a commercial pest of diverse field crops comprising cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis). Current inspections were carried out to determine their impact on larval mortality, pupal and adult emergence by exposing three field strains o...
Zhen-li Li1,2, Hui-fang Zhou2,*, Bo-ru Zhou2, Bei Liu2, Xiao-fei Jiang2 and Jian-ya Xu2
...PD. Bu Shen Zhu Yun formula (BSZYF) was developed by Professor Guicheng Xia, a “great master in TCM.” It effectively cures LPD, while its effect on the pituitary is unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of BSZYF on gonadotropins and gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) signaling transduction in mifepristone-induced LPD rats. To explore the effect of BSZYF on the pituitary in mifepristone-induced LPD rats, SD female rats ...
Jian Wang1,*, Zhi Liu2, Sheng Xu2, Mei-Fen Hu2, Xiao-Rui Liu1 and Wen-Jie Cai1
...volve in a variety of inflammatory and immune response. To investigate the effect of hemodialysis on the expression of CXCL8 in serum and its mRNA in neutrophils of the patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). It was used to dynamically observe of Hemodialysis on the concentration of the CXCL8 in serum and the levels of CXCL8 mRNA in neutrophils were respectively measured by ELISA and PCR. The house keeping gene encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogen...
Bei Liu1, Yanli Hong1, Huifang Zhou1,*, Zhenzhen Cao1, Shuang Zhang1, Jing Jin1, Miao Jiang1, Cunsi Shen2 and Jianjian Ji2
...ups of cells, including blank (+) group, Cetrorelix (+) group, CSF with BSZY (+) group, model-treated (+) group and corresponding blocker-treated group were established. Secretion levels of related hormone and their mRNAs were detected in the supernatant of each group. The mRNA and protein levels of GnRHR, the hub genes and key transcription factors in the downstream cAMP-PKA signaling pathways in RPC cells were also detecte...
Peng Song1,2, Wei Feng2, Haiying Shi2,Jinsheng Zhao3, Renmin Liu3 and Wei Xu2,*
...udan I and appropriate molar ratio of HP-β-CD to dye (nC:nS=9:1) effectively improved the decolorization rate from 85.45% to 99.45% after 8 reaction.
...
Hao Gu*, Zhi Yang, Weiqiang Yu, Kan Xu and Yuan-fei Fu*
...e measured with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). In our study, capsaicin showed an outstanding performance in the inhibition of acid producing and biofilm of the four strains of cariogenic bacteria. Meanwhile, low values of MIC of capsaicin on four sectional cariogenic bacteria indicated high efficiency of antibacterial activity of capsaicin. Antibacterial activity of capsaicin on Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces viscosus, Lactobacillus and Strep...
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Nosheen Fatima1, Raheel Babar3 and Ikramul Haq4
...ure creates a delicate balance between living and non-living elements of the environment known as ecosystem and biodiversity. Any disruption in this balance may result catastrophic effect on the environment including impact on plant, animal and human life. Hence, efforts to maintain a healthy biodiversity through conservation are needed. Since the life is passing through the time of global...
Hamidullah1,*, Arshad Javid2, Basit Rasheed1,Jehan Zeb3, Abidullah1 and Muhammad Iftikhar Khan1
...e P. tenuis and Kelaart’sPipistrelle P. ceylonicus were recorded for the first time from the study area. Average forearm length of P. pipistrellus, P. javanicus, P. coromandra, P. tenuis and P. ceylonicus was recorded 30.9±0.14mm, 35.13±0.53mm, 31.64±1.19mm, 28.49±1.25mm and 40.11±2.24mm, respectively. The greatest length of skull of these species was 11.75±0.35mm,...
Rahila Huma1,2, Tariq Mahmud1,*, Rubina Munir2, Sana Javaid Awan3,Kiran Iftikhar4 and Mufakkira-Tul-Islam5
...ompared to PFA-Cd. Molecular Docking studies were carried out to found the predominate binding mode of synthesized compound in the vicinity of double helical DNA structure.
...
Aisha Siddiqua1*, Munir Ahmad1 and Nusrat Habib2
...ptation strategies in isolation or in combination on yield. The primary data of ‘Climate Change Impact Survey 2012-13’ used for this purpose. Crop-specific strategies of change in the time of sowing, use of inorganic fertilizer, change in irrigation, and varietal change. Change in irrigation practice gave rise to the highest yield suggesting that this might be the necessary requirement to sustain wheat growth in Pakistan in future. Farmers are expe...
Muhammad Naveed Afzal1, Muhammad Tariq1*, Muhammad Ahmad1, Khuram Mubeen2, Muhammad Ayaz Khan3, Muhamamd Umer Afzal4 and Shakeel Ahmad5
...ate in conjunction with plant density is an important concern of cotton production. The two years’ field trials were conducted at Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan to test the hypothesis whether nitrogen (N) requirement varies with planting density (PD) for dry matter production, partitioning, nutrient use efficiency (NUE), lint yield and associated fiber properties. In this RCBD split plot experiment, two p
Syed Amjad Kamal Jan* and Naushad Khan
...t-align: justify;">Rice play key role as a staple food in Pakistan and is grown anywhere where water is available. This crop is also grown in rural area of Lower Dir district which play vital role in the economy of the farming community. Till today no study was arranged in this district to analyze the situation. Seeing to its importance the present study was started in 2016 and completed i...
Najeeb Ullah1, Niamat Ullah Khan2*, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1, Muhammad Safdar Baloch1, Ejaz Ahmad Khan1, Farkhanda Khan3 and Zaki Ullah4
...es. The experiments were laid out in RCBD with split-plot replicated thrice. Sowing dates i.e. March 15, April 01, April 15, May 01, May 15, and June 01 were kept in main and cotton varieties (CIM-602, CIM-616) in sub-plots. Results showed that April 15 sowing produced highest bolls per plant, boll weight-g, seed cotton yield, staple length, strength and micronaire amongst the other sowing dates. Results further showed that ...
Sonia1, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai1*, Noor Paio Khan2, Abbas Ullah Jan1 and Gulnaz Hameed3
...o detect the serial correlation. The result of Hausman test has suggested applying “Fixed Effect Model” for further analysis. Major estimates of the overall 30 years data reveal that among non-climatic variables, area under wheat cultivation and seed are highly significant to the wheat yield at 1 percent level of significance. Whereas, contribution of fertilizer to wheat crop in KP province was observed insignificant. Furthermore, the computation o...
Huseyin Cetin1,*, Oner Kocak2, Emre Oz1, Samed Koc1, Yesim Polat1 and Kalender Arıkan2
...ur Turkish house fly populations (Ankara, Antalya, Gaziantep and Şanlıurfa) in laboratory conditions. According to results the use of PBO in combination with insecticide active substances causes an increase in the mortality rates after 24 h. Also the toxicities of tested chemicals, based on their KDT50 (Knock-down 50 times) values, increased when mixed with PBO.
...
Mehwish Akram1,2,* and Naeem Rashid1
...annels are important modulators of cell function depending on the cell type of where they are expressed. They are involved in regulation of cell membrane resting potential, potassium homeostasis and control a variety of cellular functions including metabolism. In this study we determined that a regulator of Pigment dispersing factor, PDF-immunorea...
Ali Murad Rahoo1,*, Tariq Mukhtar2, Barkat Ali Bughio3 and Rehana Kanwal Rahoo4
...e because of the non-availability of industrially produced isolates. Therefore, in the present studies, Galleria mellonella and Tenebrio molitor were compared for invasion and production of IJ of Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Both the nematodes caused 100% mortality of the test insects within 6 days. The mean numbers of IJ of S. felti...
Zhi YiJin1, Shao MingQin1,*, Cui Peng2 and Chen Bin1
...in Ducks (Aix galericulata). This was done using instantaneous scan sampling in the Poyang Lake watershed in the Jiangxi province, China. The results showed that the Mandarin Ducks’ predominant behaviors were resting (36.56%), swimming (21.75%), foraging (20.88%), and maintenance (15.58%), indicating that during the winter, Mandarin Ducks spend most of their time accumulating energy. Mandarin Ducks reduced their...
Kalimullah Khan1,*, Hafsa Zaneb2, Zia Ur Rehman3, Hamza Maris4 and Habib ur Rehman1
.... On day 35, birds were slaughtered to determine the relative weights of heart, liver, kidneys, spleen, gizzard and intestines. Results showed that supplementation of phytase enzymes affected the weight and length of small intestine and feed conversion ratio (FCR) and did not affect the other zoo technical variables like body weight, feed consumption, and weight gain during the whole experimental period. Application of phyta...
Tongliang Wang1, Lele Jia1, Xiaofei Zhai1, Jianguo Cui2 and Jichao Wang1,*
...g toad Duttaphrynus melanostictus to test the matched filter hypothesis.Male toads emitted a series of multisyllabic calls that were composed of single notes with a dominant frequency of 1494 ± 80 Hz. The dominant frequency reflected body size and was static between males, suggesting it may be under stabilizing selection and used in species recognition. Sexual dimorphism in peripheral auditory sensitivity was a...
Samiah Shahid1,Jawaria Shaheen1, Wajeehah Shahid2, M. Waheed Akhtar1,3 and Saima Sadaf1,*
...he determination of circulating miRNA expression. Despite recent advancements, there is not a single consensus on the use of reference gene for quantification of circulating miRNAs through qPCR analyses in ALL. In the current study, we identified the reference gene that is the most suitable for qPCR normalization in patient and control plasma samples of ALL. Three highly reported reference...
Tafail Akbar Mughal1, Muhammad Zubair Saleem2, Shaukat Ali3,*, Khawaja Khurshid Anwar1, Muhammad Majid Bashir1, Muhammad Babar4 and Muhammad Adeeb Khan1
.../font>T (alanine aminotransferase), ASAT (aspartate aminotransferase) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) and biochemical components like glucose, urea, lipids, cholesterol and protein contents both in the liver and blood while DNA and RNA contents only in liver. The administration of CCl4 resulted in increase in plasma A...
Supply Response Analysis of Wheat Growers in District Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Farm Level Analysis
Farhan, Shahid Ali* and Syed Attaullah Shah
...supply and input demand elasticities of wheat growers in district Swabi of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. For this purpose, 160 wheat growers were selected through multi-stage stratified random sampling technique. Primary data was collected through well designed interview schedule. Normalized restricted trans log profit function was first approximated for further estimation of output supply and input demand elasticities. Resu...
Dur-E-Shahwar1,2, Riaz Ahmad Sheikh1, Nazia Jamil2*
... indigenous bacteria, isolated from produced water and produced water contaminated soil samples collected from three selected sites of Eastern Potwar, Punjab, Pakistan. Forty seven bacteria were isolated out of which five (F1, F3, F20, F23 and C16) were selected on the basis of high optical densities of 0.7, 70% oil and grease reduction potential and maximum CFU/ml of ≥3 ×106. The weights in g/l of biosur...
Saira Zaheer1, Abrar Hussain1*, Aqsa Khalil1, Muhammad Mansha1, Muhammad Lateef2
...nes and local medicinal plants are being explored to control the parasitic worms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic potential of two local plants, Albizia lebbeck L. and Camellia sinensis L against H. contortus using Adult Motility Assay (AMA). Crude Ethanolic Extracts (CEE)of dried leaves of A. lebbeck L. and whole plant of C...
Imran Bodlah1, Ammara Gull-E-Fareen1, Muhammad Tariq Rasheed1, Muhammad Amin2, Ayesha Aihetasham3
...ed for the first time as larval parasitoid of Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) and Menochilus sex maculata (Fabricius, 1781) from various areas of Pothwar. Main identification characters of N. mirabilis supported with measurements and illustrations are provided here with notes on distributional range.
...
Ali Awais, Charassri Nualsri and Watcharin Soonsuwon*
...racters to a natural population, researchers sometimes opt for mutation breeding. This research has been done to investigate the effective doses of EMS and to observe the phenotypic variability of the two upland rice genotypes Dawk Pa-yawm (white rice) and Dawk Kha 50 (red rice), in Thailand. Seeds of the potential genotypes has been treated with varying EMS concentrations. With the increa...
Noor ul Ain*, Malik Muhammad Shafi and Haidar Ali*
...ere selected from two villages namely Landi Arbab and Deh Bahadar. Data was analyzed through Double log model for estimation of demand for the selected vegetables. It was found that household head in Landi Arbab includes 87.10% male and 12.90% female whereas in Deh Bahadar, 94.82% household heads were male and 5.18% of the household head were female. Descriptive statistics showed that the average household size was 6. The average education level was 12.92 year...
Rizwan Ullah Shah* and Iqbal Munir
Omer Baris Ince*
...onya province that were classified as non-vaccinated, single-vaccinated, multiple vaccinated, aged 0-1 and 1-3 and male and female starting from the third month following the vaccination. In the study aimed to show the disease-related status of the selected region, to investigate the active virus circulation and determine the antibodies formed against the nonstructural proteins (NSP) of Fo...
Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Syed Burhan-ud-Din2, Muhammad Fahad Khan1, Ateeq ur Rehman1, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar3, Azhar Ali Khan3 and Naila Ilyas1
... resistance in mungbean plants by triggering the SA pathway. Induced resistance was assessed by evaluating the appearance of symptoms and detection of virus titter through ELISA. Different concentrations of SA and BTH were exogenously applied to activate the inherent resistance of mungbean by the production of defense associated compounds. All treatments were supportive in suppressing plant infection as compared to infected ...
Naseer Ahmed Abbasi1, Mian Noor Hussain Asghar Ali1*, Bilawal Abbasi2, Shakeel Ahmed Soomro1, Najeeb Ahmed Khan Nangraj1, Jam Ghulam Mustafa Sahto1 and Sajjad Ahmed Morio1
...ntries of the world, but land manager and farmers face the main problem when and where to cultivate. The present study was aims to analyze the efficiency of the parametric and fuzzy set methods in the land assessment for wheat production of Tando Allahyar district of Sindh Province. The present study able to provide grade performance suitability of lands...
Hina Ali*, Iram Shaheen and Feroza Hamid Wattoo
...awalpindi such as Dhokekala khan, Morgah, Scheme-III, Gulshandadan khan, Satellite town, Dhoke kashmirian, Pandora, Bahria town, University campus (Mehr water) and Air Port. The pH of PMAS-AAUR campus water ( Mehr Water) was found within WHO recommended values (pH limit 6.5-8.5) whereas the pH of other water samples were ranged from 7.3-8.9.The salts values of Mehr Water were determined as Calcium 58mg/l, Sulphate 48mg/l, Sodium26mg/l, Magnesium13mg/l,Chloride...
Zhiwen Zou, Jianfei Xi, Fen Chen, Rui Xu, Tianrong Xin and Bin Xia*
...
Amblyseiinae is the largest subfamily in Phytoseiidae, with more than 1,500 nominal species. However, the relationships of this subfamily was confused. In order to improve the classification system of Amblyseiinae, the mitochondrial CO1 gene sequence of seven Amblyseiinae species, collected from four provinces of China, were sequenced, and another seven Amblyseiinae species mt CO1 gen...
Juan Augusto Hernández-Rivera1, Jaime Molina-Ochoa2,*, Luis Jorge García-Márquez1, Omar Francisco Prado-Rebolledo1, Rafael Julio Macedo-Barragán1, Arturo César García-Casillas1 and Muhammad Irfan Ullah3
...the mechanism of autoregulation; the benefits of the heterosis in crossbreeding cattle by hybridization; the body condition score in crossbred dairy cattle; the yields in crossbreds; here is also discussed that even when there have been many crossbreeding in dairy cattle, but when the producer choose a system crossbreeding in dairy cows always mostly contemplate only body weight, body condition score, dry matter intake, and ...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2,*, Muhammad Jafir1, Muhammad Wajid Javed1, Sumaira Maqsood3 and Samina J.N. Ahmad1,2,*
...cause of its close resemblance to other bugs of genus Oxycarenus. Molecular identification and characterization of dusky cotton bug (DCB), Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Oxycarenidae: Hemiptera) was done through Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. In PCR, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene based primers were used for identification of this pest collected from various cotton fields in Punjab. Phylogenetic a...
Muhammad Aslam Rajput1,3, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan2, Rehana Naz Syed3 and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi3*
...ctively be minimized by planting smut resistant cultivars. For evaluating a large number of propagative materials; standardized germplasm screening protocols as well as optimized inoculation techniques are required. The pathogen inoculation method should be less cumbersome, simple, and rapid. Here, we compared the effe...
Muhammad Ali1,2*, Norsida Man2 and Farrah Melissa Muharam2
...ively from the lens of Malaysia. Thus, the research was formulated to assess the motivation of farming community towards agricultural risk management in Malaysia. The research data were gathered through pre designed interview schedule from 360 randomly selected farmers through multistage cluster sampling technique. In order to measure motivation of respondents, likert scale items comprisin...
Rehmat Ullah* and Khalid Nawab
...cted through unknown population sampling formulae i.e. 96 from each Union Council. Data were collected using well-structured interview schedule through personal interview method whereas binary logistic regression model was utilized (binary responses (1 if exists 0 otherwise) both of dependent and independent variables) to find out the effect of precautionary measures and Personal Protection Equipment on self-reported acute p...
Shakeel Ahmad Anjum1, Muhammad Mohsin Raza2, Sami Ullah1, 3*, Malik Muhammad Yousaf2, Ahmad Mujtaba1, Mumtaz Hussain2, Muhammad Jahangir Shah2, Bashir Ahmad2 and Ijaz Ahmad4
... influence of various tillage practices on yield of the autumn planted maize crop. The experiment was conducted in summer, 2014 at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Net plot size was maintained 7.0 m × 3.6 m. Different tillage practices, i.e.,...
Rafiullah1*, Abdur Rahman2, Khalid Khan1, Anwar Ali1, Arifullah Khan2, Abdul Sajid3 and Naimatullah Khan3
...ria parva for female population as compared to male population. Age wise prevalence was not significantly different for both the species. Prevalence was high in animals < 1-year age. It was found that PCR is more sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for diagnosis of Theileria parva. ...
Liqin Liu, Maoting Wang, Zhenming Lü, Li Gong*, ChangWen Wu, Baoying Guo and Lihua Jiang
...lified in three closelyrelated species. Nineteen, fifteen, and thirteen loci were amplified in Sepia lycidas, Sepia esculenta and Sepiella japonica, respectively.
...
Ahmed Samy1*, Hala Mohamed Nabil Tolba2, Gamelat Kotb Farag3 and Ahmed Abd El Halim1
...us 1 (PPMV1) commonly isolated from pigeons (family Columbidae). PPMV1 not only represent a potential threat to pigeon but also it can infect chickens and its virulence enhanced upon passaging in chickens causing clinical signs and deaths. In the present study brain samples were collected from twelve pigeon flocks exhibiting signs of nervousness and diarrhea in a live bird market (LVM) in Egypt. All collected samples were positive for NDV and negative for avia...
Nasira Khatoon1, Aly Khan2,*, S.S. Shahid3, Z.S. Saify4, M. Arshad Azmi1 and Wali Khan5
...ncluded scraping of papillae or burrow to confirm the diagnosis. To test the incidence in various age groups and body parts a chi-square (χ²) test of association (R × C contingency test) was performed. The association of body parts and age groups was significant. Most of the patients above the age of 10 were either working in vegetable market or were rag pickers working near garbage bins. The highest infection was recorded on the knees an...
Muhammad Usman Asif*, Raza Muhammad, Waseem Akbar, Mubasshir Sohail and Muhammad Awais
... thrips (1.63/leaf). Similarly, NIA-M-16 also showed the lowest infestation of whitefly (0.29/leaf). Whereas, infestation of bollworms illustrated that NIA-M-20 was highly susceptible against spotted and pink bollworms with percent infestation of 5.52 and 2.79%, respectively. The genotype NIA-HM-27 proved to be most efficient by rendering the lowest (0.82%) infestation of spotted and pink bollworm but showed medium response and found susceptible against j...
Khalid Khan1, Saima Liaqat2*, Somaiya Rasheed1 and Ihsanullah Kakar3
...elihood in district Lasbela, Balochistan. Livestock is a protagonist in stimulating the economy and improving people’s living conditions. The study used primary data which were composed via well-regulated questionnaires from one hundred livestock farmers of diverse Tehsil/Union Council of District Lasbela. The findings of the study exhibited that t...
Ali Raza Jahejo1,2, Nasir Rajput2, Wen-xia Tian1,*, Muhammad Naeem2, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro2, Asmatullah Kaka2, Sheng Niu1 and Fa-jie Jia1
...nvestigate the immunomodulatory and growth promoting effects of basil (Ocimum basilicum) and ascorbic acid in heat stressed broiler chicken. A total of 360 (Hubbard) one-day old broilers were reared under heat stress (38 ± 1°C) and randomly divided into three groups i.e. A, B and C as control, basil seed at 5g/kg and ascorbic acid at 200 mg/kg supplementation, respectively. Improvement of intestinal villus seen in basil supplementary g...
Fariha Latif* and Muhammad Javed
...he sensitivity, bioaccumulation and antioxidant capacities of three major carps Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhina mrigala towards metals mixture (Cd+Cr+Cu+Pb) were determined during present research work. Sensitivity of the three fish species (120-day old) towards metals mixture was measured in term of 96 h LC50 and l...
Wen Chao Liu1,2, Kwan Sik Yun3 and In Ho Kim2,*
...blood lipids profiles, relative organ weight and meat quality of broilers. A total of 512 male, one-d-old Ross 308 broilers with an average initial BW of 45.28 ± 0.81 g were randomly allotted to 4 treatments. Each dietary treatment consisted of 8 replicate cages, with 16 birds per replicate. The 4 dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based diets and supplemented with 0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15% 1,3-DAG, respectively. During d 1-14, with increasing the ...
Muhammad Usman Ahmadand Ikram-ul-Haq*
...rase extracted from cytoplasmic of membrane fragments of E. coli. For this purpose, 88 E.coli isolates from 30 intact poultry intestines were cultured and identified preliminary on the basis of microscopy and biochemical testing. E. coli strain EC4 was screened as best oxyrase producer with activity of 0.41±0.008U/mL/min with 41% reduction in dissolved oxygen at pH 7.5, temperature 37°C, 25mM ...
Ajmal Khan Kassi1,*, Humayun Javed1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
.../div>...
Abdul Wahaab1, Muhammad Ijaz1,*, Syed Saleem Ahmad1, Umair Iqbal2, Abdul Tawaab1 and Iahtasham Khan3
...parative efficacy of Triclabendazole, Oxyclozanide and Nitroxynil against Fasciola sp. infestated bovines (cattle and buffaloes) and their effect on various blood parameters (WBC, RBC, Hb, HCT and MCHC). For this purpose, 40 infected animals were selected. After dividing them randomly in four groups of 10 animals each, drug was administered to first three groups whereas last one was...
Muhammad Hidayat Rasool1,*, Muhammad Zaheer1, Muhammad Farooque Hassan2, Muhammad Shafique1 and Muhammad Usman Qamar1
...of acquired Metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) among major Gram negative pathogens is an emerging threat and a matter of great concern worldwide. Especially increasing resistance to 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporin and carbapenems is an issue of high importance. Present study was aimed to determine the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of MBL producing carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative rods (GNRs) iso
Hua-Lun Luo, Yi-Yu Zhang*, Yuan-Yu Qin and Lei Wu
...lement-binding protein) plays a crucial role as a central regulator of lipid synthesis and glycolysis in animal liver. In this study, the relative quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that the duck ChREBP mRNA is widely expressed in all examined tissues. ChREBP mRNA level was the highest in abdominal fat and the lowest in gizzard. The g.247075G>A silent mutation in exon 10 was ...
Hafiz Abdullah Akbar, Zafar Iqbal, Waqas Raza*, MuhammadUsman Ghazanfar and Salman Ahmad
...the effect of different plant extracts /allelochemicals and salicylic acid on the growth of Penicillium digitatum causes citrus green mould by using 7 plant extracts alone and in combination with wax and 3 concentrations of salicylic acid alone and in combination with wax. The study revealed that in case of plant extracts maximum growth inhibition (35.90 %) was shown by Anar followe...
Ayesha Chaudhary1, Fouzia Mumtaz1, Muhammad Yaseen2* and Muhammad Younis Afzal3
...nt. In Asia, particularly, the agricultural production might decrease by an alarming rate up to 5-30% to 2050. The main reason for this is increasing the earth’s temperature. The decrease in crop yield will cause another associated issue of food insecurity in the continent and emerge severe problem for a human to survive. Climatic change is definitely disturbing the farming approaches through an increase in diseas...
Shahid Yousaf1*, Salman Khurshid1, Saqib Arif1, Hafiza Mehwish Iqbal1, Qurrat ul Ain Akbar1, Najmus Sahar1 and Ghulam Rasul2
...quality characteristics play a vital role in processing and trade. Many techniques have been introduced to evaluate wheat quality. Near Infrared (NIR) is one of the suitable techniques that have an advantage of rapid response over other techniques. But investigations are needed to check its reliability on determining important quality parameters. The study therefore has been designed to evaluate the efficiency of NIR in comparison with standard techniques. Thi...
S. Justin Carlus1,*, Atiyeh M Abdallah1,2, Abdulhadi H. Al-Mazroea1, Mazen Khalid Al-Harbi3 and Khalid M Al-Harbi1
...een methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms and CHD and DS co-inheritance in patients from Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia. MTHFR rs1801133 and rs1801131 polymorphisms were genotyped in 99 CHD patients with or without DS and 126 ethnically matched controls by allelic discrimination. Of 99 patients with CHD, 26 had DS. MTHFR rs1801133 and rs1801131genotypes and alleles were not significantly different between controls and CH...
Rishen Liang*, Meng Zhou, Zhenxiang Lin, Guozhang Li, Yuan Chen, Xuan Lin and Zaohe Wu
...two species at the molecular level, complete mitochondrial genomes of the two species were first determined. The genomes were 16,546 bp (P. orientalis) and 16,545 bp (P. vittatus) in size, respectively, which both consisted of a typical structure of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and one noncoding control region. Genomic composition, organization and gene order were simila
Sakhra Mahmood1, M. Younus1, A. Aslam1, A.A. Anjum2, S. Umar3, Aamerzish Mushtaq3 and M.L. Sohail4,*
...g countries.
...
Osman Ergene1,*, Isfendiyar Darbaz1, Serkan Sayiner2 and Selim Aslan1
Sabi-Ur-Rehman1, Anwar Khalid2, Qazi Najam Us Saqib3, Farooq Ahmad1, Shaheed-Ur-Rehman4, Neelam Zaman3, Ayeza Mehmood5 and Abdul Samad6*
...iotic drugs resistance, plants provide source for discovery of new antimicrobial drugs. This study was carried out, include in-vitro antibacterial and antifungal screening of aqueous methanolic extracts as well as crude saponins isolated from leaves and roots of Sarcococca saligna, using disc diffusion method. The tested bacterial strains include, B. subtilis, E. coli, S. aureus, P. fluorescens and fungal strains were Asperg...
Hande Küçükönder1, Pınar Çelebi Demirarslan1,*, Aykut Burgut2 and Mustafa Boğa3
...nalysis (DEA) and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), the effective months are determined by DEA method and a performance rank is performed between the effective months by GRA method. It has been investigated whether the results of different Multicriteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques combined with the data fusion technique support the proposed hybrid approach’s results. In this context, the proposed hybrid approach was applied to evaluate the monthly pr...
Umar Farooq Gohar1, Hamid Mukhtar1,*, Ali Nawaz1, Ikram-ul-Haq1 and Asad Mehmmood2
...ic (cephalosporin) by isolated fungal strain Acremonium chrysogenum (IIB-10). The strain IIB-10 was cultivated on medium containing (%, w/v): Baker’s flour, 1.5; corn meal, 2; Methyl oleate, 1.6; calcium carbonate, 0.3 and ammonium sulphate, 0.1. The cultural conditions such as incubation temperature (30°C), pH (6.5) and inoculum size and age (2%, w/v, 48 h) were optimized. The maximum cephalosporin production was achieved after 144 h of incub...
Effect of Two Microecological Preparations on the Breeding of White Leg Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei
Song Jiang, Fa-Lin Zhou, Jian-Hua Huang, Qi-Bin Yang* and Li-Shi Yang
...Litopenaeus vannamei larvae, different amounts of Bacillus and Lactobacillus bacteria were added to the L. vannamei aquaculture water during seeding. Seven groups were established and the microecological preparations were added every 5 d. Bacillus concentrations in the Y1, Y2 and Y3 groups were 10 ppm, 15 ppm and 20 ppm, respectively, and the Lactobacillus concentrations in the R1, R2 and R3 groups were 20 ppm, 25 ppm and...
Aisha Khalid1, Muhammad Tayyab1,*, Abdual Rauf Shakoori2, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Tahir Yaqub3, Ali Raza Awan1, Muhammad Wasim1, Sehrish Firyal1, Zaheer Hussain4 and Munir Ahmad5
...binant thermostable cellulase from Thermotoga naphthophila. PCR using the genomic DNA of T. naphthophila as template resulted in amplification of 1 kb cellulase gene. The amplified cellulase gene was cloned in pTZ57R/T and sub-cloned in pET28a. The expression of recombi...
Liyan Zhang1,2, Zhidong Zhou1,3, Haiping Li1,2, Yanlong Qiao4, 5 and Yueping Zhang1,3,*
...used to evaluate the population genetics and elaborate the historical demography of Scomber japonicus collected from four geographical locations in the Taiwan Strait and its adjacent waters. The results of genetic diversity and genetic structure analysis of S. japonicus showed that these four populations exhibited moderate genetic diversity across the sampled geographical ran...
Doğukan Ölmez1 and Gonca Alak2,*
... Protein profiles, molecular size and distribution changes of the obtained hydrolysates were calculated using SDS-PAGE and lipid profiles were calculated using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method. As a result of the analyses, it was observed that there were 9 protein bands in the muscle and 7 protein bands in the visceral organs, an...
Marian Kuczaj1, Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska2,*, Alicja Mizera1, Renata Pilarczyk2, Bogumiła Pilarczyk3 and Patryk Barton1
...ily increments were calculated in the analyzed periods. Data regarding cows included: BCS condition, body weight, height at the back, hip width, order of calving, age of calving heifers, and data on the type of valuation and country of origin of the bull (calf’s father). It was found that the high vitality of the calves is statistically significantly (at p ≤ 0.01) affects: the height at the back (˃ 150 cm) and the width in the hips of cows (˃ 63 cm)...
Yang Liu1, Jing-xin Mao2, Xiao-dong Wei2, Man Yi2, Xiao-long Zhang2, Ke Zheng3, Xian-xin Chen4, Guo-Ze Wang5 and Bing-bo Chen1,*
...BFA products produced by lactobacillus, bacillus, yeast and fermented BFA from above 3 mixed bacteria were added by a proportion of 1.5% to the conventional feed. Then the Sprague-Dawley rats were fed by normal feed and 4 different BFA feed for 4 weeks. It was observed that the counts of neutrophils, white blood cells, and monocytes was significantly decreased in the lactobacillus BFA group than the control group (P<0.05)...
Saleh S. Alhewairini1,* and Mahmoud M. Al-Azzazy1,2
... & Schlottke), to replace the widely used traditional acaricides. Huwa-San TR50 is a formulation of hydrogen peroxide, stabilized by the addition of a small quantity of silver and is extensively used as a disinfectant. Both tick species were susceptible to certain concentrations of Huwa-San TR50: 4,000, 8,000, 10,000, 12,000 and 14,000 ppm. A marked reduction in the movement of both tick species was observed 24h of apply...
Iqra Bano1,*, Moolchand Malhi2, Pershotam Khatri3, Saeed Ahmed Soomro2, Hira Sajjad4, Ambreen Leghari5, Muhammad Awais2, Safia Kandhro6 and Shakeel Ahmed Lakho5 and Munaza Soomro7
...lts revealed that testicular weight, thickness, and circumference increased in SY as compared to C. The body weight of goats was also increased in SY as compared to C. while, the Gonado-somatic index in goats of SY was not different compared to C. The histomorphological studies revealed that the height of the germinal epithelium was significantly higher in SY as compared to C. Although the diameter of seminiferous tubule and thickness of the basal membrane wer...
Owen Flanagan, Mona Letourneau and Wenqing Zhao
...World Happiness Reports claim that six variables explain most -- as much as 70% -- of the variation in the rankings of happiness among nation states:...
Mohammad Wasiullah Khan1*, Abdur Rab1, Roshan Ali2, Muhammad Sajid1, Faiza Aman1, Imran Khan3, Iqbal Hussain3 and Akhtar Ali3
... attributes of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) at Agricultural Research Institute Mingora Swat, during winter 2014. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design using three replications. Four K levels (00, 90, 120 and 150 kg ha-1) and three levels of Zn (00, 05 and 10 kg ha-1) were used. The various parameters studied during experiment were tuber yield (ton ha-1), total soluble solids (TTS), specific gravity...
Muhammad Zulfiqar1*, Irshad Abbasi2, Himayatullah Khan1, Arjumand Nizami3, Abdul Hakeem4, Jawad Ali3 and Muhammad Jamal Khan1
...tion patterns. Water availability vary from season to season. The objective of the instant study was to assess the glaciers/snow water dependence of agriculture activities which have implications for livelihood of the communities. The data collection including flow discharge measurement out of the watershed was regularly measured during September 2015 to November 2015 and March 2016 to Sep...
Tanweer Ahmed*, Kashif Saeed Khan and Mohammad Naeem
...rowth in Pakistan. The relationship among agriculture value added per worker and public spending on education, health, road length, the number of tube wells in the agriculture sector, improved seed distribution has been estimated through various econometric approaches in the study. Pakistan’s agriculture growth has registered mixed trends from 1972 to 2014. Empirical evidence from developing countries suggests that public spending has a profoundly positi...
Catherine J. Allen
...ing community in the highlands of southern Peru, where I have carried out research since 1975. I explore notions of well-being through vocabulary drawn from Southern Peruvian Quechua, including allin kawsay (well-being), pacha (world), ayllu (community), ayni (reciprocity), uyway (nurturance), hucha (sin) and animu (individuating energy), with particu
James Maffie
...stined to succumb to imbalance-induced total destruction. They perceived human beings’ hold on life in these circumstances as inescapably “slippery” and thus fraught with hardship, pain, suffering, sorrow, hunger, disease, and death. Stubbornly refusing to surrender to despair, Aztec philosophers (tlamatinimeh) responded with what they called toltecayotl or “the art of living wisely and ...
Brian Yazzie Burkhart
... essay attempts to articulate an Indigenous concept of well-being as grounded in the concepts of being-from-the-land and being-in-the-land, which are attempts, in this essay, at describing a conceptualization of being in general and human being in particular that is both out in the land and at the same time arising fro...
Tahira Moeen Khan* and Amat ul Mateen
...articles are gaining popularity due to their increasing biomedical applications as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-cancer agents. In this work leaf extracts of Melia azedarach (commonly known as dharaik) a species of family Meliaceae and Morus nigra (commonly known as Shahtoot) family Moraceae were used for bio reduction of copper ions to CuO nanoparticles in place of harmful and expensive chemical/ph...
Kamran Zakaria1*, Noreen Munawar1 and Shafqat Ejaz2
...fied....
Temel Göktürk1,* and Göksel Tozlu2
...bsp;
...
Madeeha Khalid and Amtul Jamil Sami*
...tain regions of very similar conserved sequences making this gene a challenging candidate to analyze. Almost 90% of the sequence of growth hormone gene family members is similar and prone to single nucleotide variations. The sequence variation occurring in the non-coding region of the GH-1 gene leads to altered transcriptional regulation causing various developmental defects in humans. In ...
Naveed Ahmad1,*, P.J.A. Siddiqui1, Amjad Ali1, Khan Mir Khan2, Rafaqat Masroor3, Noor ul Akbar4, Muhammad Amin5 and Mohammad Attaullah6
...rimental diets were formulated containing 350 (P30), 400 (P35), 450 (P40), 500 (P45) and 550 (P50) grams of protein kg-1 of dry matter. Thirty healthy fish (20.94±0.81g initial weight) were stocked in each floating net cage (1.5m x 1.5m x 1.5m), with three replicates of each treatment. The diets were fed to visual apparent satiation two times a day for a period of eight weeks. At the end of the trial, P40 appeared to have significant (P
Zhen-Yang Wu1, Guang-Xin E2,*, Hui Ran1, Da-Hui Wang1 and Tian-You Yang1
...phy of 10 geographic populations (252 individuals) from Tongren, Guizhou Province using 516-bp sequences of the mitochondrial D-Loop region. In total, 63 polymorphic sites, including four single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 59 parsimony-informative sites, and 18 haplotypes were detected. The number of haplotypes within populations ranged from one (WS and DJ) to six (JK). Haplotype diversity ranged from 0.000 (DJ and WS) to 0...
Luo Lei1, Xingxing Deng1, Dengyue Yuan2, Zonglin Zheng1, Chengke Zhu1, Hui Luo1, Baohai Li3, Hua Ye1,* and Chaowei Zhou1,3,*
...tissues, with the hypothalamus showing the highest expression in gibel carp. The npy mRNA expression in the hypothalamus significantly decreased 1 and 3 h after feeding (P < 0.01). Furthermore, its expression in the hypothalamus was significantly increased after fasting for 7 days and declined 2 days after refeeding (at 11-day and 14 -day; P < 0.01), suggesting t...
Dilshad Ahmad1* and Muhammad Afzal2
...rs a major source of population feeding, employing and coactive partner of industrial growth. The purpose of the study was to analyze technical efficiency of Bt and Non-Bt cotton farmers in two core cotton districts Muzaffargarh and Rahim Yar Khan of Punjab, Pakistan. In this study, the stochastic frontier approach was employed for empirical analysis and multiple stages random sampling technique used for data collection of 400 Bt and Non-Bt cotton farmers for ...
Zafrullah Khan* and Shah Alam Khan
...ign: justify;">Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important vegetable food crop in Pakistan. Myzus persicae is an insect pest of potato, feeding on phloem tissues of leaves of potato plant and significantly reduces the yield of potato. Antixenosis experiments were performed to assess the resistance potential of eight different potato cultivars against M. persicae under glasshouse conditio...
John Ogunsola1*, Richard E. Antia2, Benjamin O. Emikpe2 and Olajumoke A. Morenikeji3
...bserved gestation or egg-laying, as well as successful or failed parturition or hatching of various species of captive animals were obtained. The animals included reptiles, amphibians, aves and mammals, with both sexes placed in the same enclosure with some degree of access to one another. Among mammals, survival rates of neonates ranged from 0% in Dorcas gazelles (Gazella dorcas; n=2) to ...
Irfan Ullah*, Abbas Ullah Jan, Muhammad Fayaz, Amjad Ali and Atta Ullah Shah
...uncompensated own price elasticity for milk, fruits, and baked products is greater than unity which suggests that these food groups are highly responsive to their own price change. Prices of these food products should be kept constant. Imposition of any sale tax could create a huge loss in consumption for these commodities. Milk, meat, fruits, other cereals, tea and coffee and baked products were treated as luxuries by the households based on the expenditure e...
Aqsa Khan1, Sabyan Faris Honey2*, Babar Bajwa2, Nelofer Jamil1 and Muhammad Sohail Mazhar2
...dling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is considered as one of the major insect pest for apple growers in Balochistan province, Pakistan. To mass rear codling moth in the laboratory for different research purposes, three artificial diets with different compositions were evaluated for codling moth larvae. Two diets containing wheat germ in their composition as major pro...
Alexus McLeod
...aya sources—particularly, Classic Period texts and images (in Part One) and the Postcontact text Popol Vuh (in Part Two). I offer interpretive reconstructions, to illustrate key features of the Maya concept of sacrifice as a principle of growth as well as metaphysical and ethical renewal, as demonstration of the interrelatedness of phenomena, and as an aspect of personal survi...
Jesse Butler
... well-being together on planet Earth. Specifically, I will argue that contemporary philosophers Viola Cordova and Tu Weiming exhibit ecological self-understanding as an epistemic virtue in their conceptions of human existence. Ecological self-understanding (ESU) is veridical acknowledgement of human beings as embodied agents in the world, fundamentally situated within interdependent relati...
Seth Ligo
...act, in this densely populated and ancient space it is imperative not only to know one’s extended family, one’s community, and one’s history, but also the history of the city more broadly, the stories that are mapped onto it, and all the neighbors — both visible and invisible — one might encounter or call upon within the city’s sacred territory. This essay explores the role of invisible or metaphysical neighbors who are unde...
Kathryn Phillips and Katherine L. Schaefer
...for themselves. Some popular Western philosophical views attempt to do so by focusing on the subjective phenomena of desires and preferences, thereby ostensibly avoiding complicated questions about metaphysical commitments; similarly, clinical conceptions aim to be metaphysically neutral. We test these notions of well-being by investigating Jainism and its commitment to a metaphysics of reincarnation and the existence of sou...
Ellen Y. Zhang
...sophy. Zhuangzi’s claim that “The perfect happiness is derived from the absence of happiness” designates two key arguments: (1) Happiness cannot be designed and measured, and (2) There is no single fixed notion of happiness and meaning-making. In conclusion, I attempt to show that flow experiences, in the context of Zhuangzi’s Daoism, point to a fluid and creative mind that transcends the rigidity of conventional mores and life patterns...
Ai Yuan
...urage to accept uncontrollable situations provides a means to live a good life, the Zhuangzi presents us a different understanding of well-being. ...
Eric Yang
...eveloped—in particular, filial piety (xiao) and ritual (li)—which arose in the Spring and Autumn period of ancient China. After a close examination of these two ideas and their relation to well-being, I show how a Confucian approach can serve as a competitor to other conceptions of well-being....
Seth Robertson
...unication with ease and alacrity. In this paper, I introduce and discuss the concept of nunchi with a focus on two main senses in which it is used: as a skill and as a burden. Then, I discuss the relation of nunchi to well-being and flourishing, both in specifically Korean cultural contexts and in social contexts more generally. Finally, I argue that because of nunchi’s close relatio...
Tung-Yi Kho
...ntemporary China. I have labeled these the Modernist and the Relationist practices of the good life respectively. Although Chinese conceptions of the good life at the level of the state and of the general populace are today explicitly dominated by the project of modernization in all its grasping materiality and technological glory, my paper reveals that the capacity of a modernist lifestyl...
Jennifer Mei Sze Ang
...and of well-being which places good mood and satisfaction as central goals of a happy life are projects of bad faith, and that authenticity promotes a more fundamental notion of freedom than the conceptualization of a meaningful life based on autonomy. Finally, it argues that existentialists can be happy by showing that negative emotions play an essential role in how we apprehend and respond to the world positively and meani...
Sasha S. Euler
...ting emotions. In particular, the theory of happiness proposed by the Hellenistic philosopherEpicurus provides broader, more inclusive categories and concepts which can be used to explain and possibly harmonize assumptions from particular traditions....
Jason Shepard1 and Tyra Turner2
...found to be positively related to health and well-being. However, this research has primarily been conducted in WEIRD populations, leaving open the question whether this relation holds for non-WEIRD populations. We conducted three studies using big data methods to test whether the relation between future-oriented thoug...
Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Sidra Mushtaq1, Muhammad Tariq Malik2, Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Ateeq ur Rehman1, Shoaib Fareed3, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4
...mily Papilionaceae, is a large deciduous multipurpose timber tree. In Indian-subcontinent, the tree is cultivated in forest plantation as well as avenues, road sides and canal banks. Because of greater strength, elasticity and durability, the wood is highly valued as constructional and general utility timber. This review article shows the work conducted on sheesham decline syndrome especia...
Dilshad Ahmad1* and Muhammad Afzal2
...argarh. Credit can also play a significant role an increasing overall agriculture growth and particularly the cotton production of cotton areas. The lower mean technical efficiency in both study areas is 0.78 and 0.72 indicates cotton is not produced at potential level due to technical inefficiency of cotton farmers. Policy measures of the study will supportive to extenuating the problems concerning to small farming communit...
Syed Turab Raza1,*, Zhu Bo1,*, Zulfiqar Ali2 and Tang Jia Liang3
...e in rapidly growing population. Vermicomposting by earthworms (Eisenia fetida) is useful technique to recover nutrients of plants such as NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium). A vermicomposting system using the earthworm species (Eisenia fetida) and treating it with cattle dung, pig manure and biochar with crop (wheat straw and rapeseed) waste was established in upland areas ...
Adile Tatliyer1,*, Sinan Bas1 and Serdar Yagci2
...red from Savak Akkaraman lambs at three different periods (average 11 days after birth, weaning and at the beginning of grazing) using factor scores in multiple linear regressions to remove multicollinearity problem. Morphological data obtained from 159 lambs were subjected to Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett’s Sphericity tests to ascertain the suitability of factor score analysis. A result showed that impl...
Shafique Ahmed Memon1,6, Arif Ali1*, Mehar-un-Nisa Narejo2, Ghulam Khaliq3, Imran Ali Rajput4, Muhammad Adeel1, Khalil Ahmed Memon5, Dzolkhifli Omar6, Muhammad Rashid7 and Abdul Rasool5
...t-align: justify;">Green lacewings as predators have a wide prey range, but not all preys are equally suitable for a single lacewing. Studies were carried out to evaluate the suitability of three aphid species on the pre-imaginal development of three species of green lacewings. Developmental stages of three different species of green lacewings, Chrysoper...
Khadim Hussain Wagan1*, Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli2, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano1 and Abdul Ghani Lanjar2
...the seed. Therefore, population density and their aggressiveness to cause the disease is playing critical role for management of this pathogen. For such purpose colony forming units (cfu) per gram of soil and seed were determined and capability of previously characterized M. phaseolina isolates to cause the disease was tested on HO-1 variety. Additionally, most virulent iso
Salman Anwar1, 2*, Farhan Anwar Khan3 and Atta-ur-Rahman4
...rakoram Highway (KKH) on land use and agricultural development of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Pakistan is gifted with a lot of natural resources in the shape of fertile agricultural lands, water resources and minerals. Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan’s economy. About 70% of its population is directly or indirectly associated with this sector. Gilgit-Baltistan is a vast mounta...
Shehzad Ghayyur1,3, Sadia Tabassum1, Munawar Saleem Ahmad2, Naveed Akhtar1 and Muhammad Fiaz Khan1,*
...ion, while the WBCs and platelet counts increased significantly (p < 0.05) in all the treated groups compared to the control group. Among the seral biochemical parameters, the level of blood glucose, cortisol and cholesterol were significantly increased (p < 0.05), which is an adaptive response to the stressor agent, while total plasma proteins and triglyceride level were significantly decreased (p < 0.05)....
Arjumand Nizami1, Jawad Ali1 and Muhammad Zulfiqar2*
...hen ascertaining their relationship with community-based livelihoods assets. According to results, there are three frequent disaster risks in the study area which comprise avalanches, landslides and floods. These disasters inflict a heavy damage to the livelihood assets including crops, water, houses and other physical infrastructure. In order to overcome these losses, communities apply sh...
Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Yasir Iftikhar2, Samina Khalid3, Zahoor Hussain4, Jaime Molina-Ochoa5,6 and John E. Foster6
..., Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) is a destructive insect pest of citrus nurseries as well as orchards in Pakistan. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of some synthetic insecticides and essential oils against citrus leafminer larvae. Two laboratory bioassays, leaf dip bioassay (LDB) and topical bioa...
Amna Younus1,3, Mariam Faiz2 and Abida Yasmeen1,*
Zhi Yijin and Shao Mingqin*
... used to examine the population size and sex ratio of the scaly-sided merganser Mergus squamatus (the merganser) in four rivers of the Poyang Lake water system, Jiangxi province, China. Spatial and temporal variations in population size were ascertained for this endangered species. The Xiuhe, Fuhe and Raohe river systems exhibited large steady popula<...
Abdul Khaliq1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Akhlaq Ahmad2 and Yasir Iftikhar3
...ld....
Xu Lijie, Obaid Ullah, Liu Haixing, Ihsan Ali, Zhongshu Li* and Nan-Zhu Fang*
...
Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the reasons for the slow growth of mammalian preimplantation embryos. Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) functions in the nuclear regulatory factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant pathways by binding to the promoters of antioxidant genes and regulates the express...
Azam Ali* and Amjad Farooq
...was to highlight the population dynamics of sucking pests on Bt cotton varieties (Lalazar, IUB-33, Sitara-009and MNH-988) and one non-Bt (NIAB) varieties in Multan Southern Punjab, Pakistan. During 2014 to 2016, eggs count and adult population of five different sucking pests (dusky bugs, jassid, thrips, white flies and mites) were recorded from sowing to harvesting seasons. Predators (C...
Farhana Gul1*, Dawood Jan1 and Muhammad Ashfaq2
...ctors of economy, particularly agriculture sector. Pakistan, being exposed to extreme events and low adaptation potential, is highly vulnerable to climate change. Benefits of adaptation strategies and associated impact on net farm returns, per capita income and poverty rates of wheat producers using extensive farm survey data from 150 farmers from different climatic zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan were measured in this study. TOA-MD model was used to mea...
Saeed Ullah1, Muhammad Israr1*, Shakeel Ahmad2, Nafees Ahmad3 and Asif Yaseen4
... Kapoora, Lund Khwar, Katlang-1 of district Mardan. A total of 90 farmers were selected through proportionate simple random sampling from 857 register farmers. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaire from the heads of the farming households (HH) and analysed by descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. It was found that majority (62%) of the farmers were in the age groups of 41-60. HH size of the farmers was 6-9 members per HH. Farming e...
Saqib Bashir* and Bashir Ahmad
... m-2, days to maturity, plant height, thousand grains weight, biological yield and grain yield of wheat. The integration of pigeonpea green manuring with nitrogen levels significantly increased wheat growth, yield and yield components. In case of green manuring, plots in which pigeon pea crop was incorporated at the age of 90 days showed maximum plant height (103.3 cm), thousand grains weight (45.2 g), biological yield (1019...
Manzoor Hussain1, Muhammad Awais2, Farhatullah3, Saiqa Bibi1, Muhammad Rameez Khan3, Afifa Khalid1 and Sajid Ali3*
...t season 2015-16, with relatively late crown rust onset after mid of April. Based on the crown rust resistance response, the tested germplasm was clustered into four groups i.e., G1 contained eight, G2 contained three, G3 contained two and G4 contained three genotypes. Group 1 could be regarded as the most resistant genotypes group, and contained genotypes O-SA-1, O-SA-5, O-SA-15, O-SA-10,...
Shaher Bano1, Nadia Naseem2 and Sarah Ghafoor1,*
...gen polypeptide that regulates the pre and post-natal development, structure and function of salivary glands. The localization of TGF-α in post-natal submandibular gland (SMG) of rats and humans is well-studied.However, less is known regarding post-natal sublingual salivary gland (SLG) development and expression ...
Huma Naz1,*, Sajid Abdullah2, Khalid Abbas2 and Muhammad Anjum Zia3
Jawaria Shaheen1, Samiah Shahid1, Sabahat Shahzadi2, M. Waheed Akhtar1,3 and Saima Sadaf1,*
...identify a panel of circulating miRNAs which can act as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers specifically for TNBC. The blood samples were collected from 37 TNBC diagnosed patients and 34 age-matched non-TNBC controls to investigate the expression of miRNA panel. Plasma was isolated by standard protocol of centrifugation and then isolation of total RNA i...
Abdul Maalik1, Shahzad Ali1,*, Anam Iftikhar1, Muhammad Rizwan1, Haroon Ahmad2 and Iahtasham Khan1
...t washing, bedding area, lactating stage and previous exposure of mastitis. Initially surf field mastitis test (SFMT) was applied for screening subclinical mastitis followed by bacteriological techniques on positive milk samples for confirmatory isolation of Staph. aureus as a bovine mastitis causing agent. These Staph. aureus isolates were further tested for antibiotic susce...
Saleha Gul1,2, Muhammad Khisroon2, Ajmal Khan2, Attaullah1, Saira Gul3 and Gul Nabi Khan1,4,*
...oke on other tissues are largely unknown. We explored the genotoxic effects of tobacco smoke on peripheral lymphocytes of active and passive smokers. Blood samples were isolated from 100 males’ including 25 active-, 25 passive- and 50 non-smokers. Alkaline comet assay was done and classes were defined on the basis of comet tail length. Significant differences were found in total come...
Muhammad Arshad Hussain1 and Tariq Mukhtar2,*
...ittle information is available on the distribution of root-knot nematodes in okra plantations, therefore, in the present studies surveys were conducted to record incidence, prevalence, and severity of root-knot nematode species associated with okra in the major vegetable growing districts of the Punjab province of Pakistan. The overall incidence of 39%, prevalence of 85% and severity of 4.1 in terms of the galling index was ...
Sohaib Afzaal1, Usman Hameed2, Nasir Ahmad3,*, Naeem Rashid3 and Muhammad Saleem Haider1
...een (17) wild strains of lactic acid producing bacteria (LAB) were screened, out of one hundred and forty-four (144) bacterial strains isolated from different local food groups, on the basis of stress tolerance assays. Identification of the screened strains was further confirmed by 16S ribosomal DNA sequences and strain level differentiation was carried ...
Şaban Çelebi
... dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in liver, heart, breast and thigh tissues of laying hens were determined in present study. A total of 96 White Lohman laying hens, aged 24 weeks, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=24), each of which was composed of 6 subgroups. The control group received the basal diet (T-1), treatment groups were fed on the the basal diet plus the three experimenta...
Huma Khalil1*, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Sajjad Khalil1, Farghama Khalil2 and Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel1
... Braconid parasitoid populations were higher in the months of February to April and October to December, while less abundant in the remaining months of the year. ...
Jie Yang
...acterial immunity and inflammation. Mammals have four PGRPs (PGLYRP1, PGLYRP2, PGLYRP3 and GLYRP4). They are secreted proteins expressed in different tissues. It is significant to make a study of human PGLYRP1 because neutrophils are a more dominant mechanism in human host defense. Related research results show the functions of human PGLYRP1 in the innate immunity of neutrophils is to conducive to the killing of intracellu
Iram Maqsood1,2,3 and Ke Rong *1,2
...as a major source of population decline of this precious species. Consequently, for the sake of A. sinensis conservation, China took steps with the top priority of habitat restoration, controlled management in captive breeding centers, as well as initiation of reintroduction into the wild. Captive breeding centers focused on livestock, controlled sex ratio, promoting growth characteristics, population genetics, and or...
Bata Shalangwa Ishaku1, Batim Turdam1, Maimadu Abdullahi1, Waziri Ibrahim Anjili2 and Mayowa Olabode2
...nawuri district market, Plateau State, North Central Nigeria. Fecal and blood samples were collected from 300 donkeys and analyzed using a standard laboratory procedure. Coprological examination conducted using flotation and sedimentation techniques showed that 276 (92.0%) were positive for gastrointestinal nematodes. A greater proportion (70.7%) of the nematodes were Strongyles followed by mixed infection of Strongyles and ...
Attaur Rahman1, Sadeeq ur Rahman1,*, Ashfaq Ahmad2, Abdul Sajid1, Muhammad Asif Hussain1, Mian Muhammad Salman1, Niamat Ullah Khan1, Kamran Khan3, Fazli Rabbani1, Muhammad Akbar Shahid4, Irshad Ahmad5 and Shakoor Ahmad6
...es on days 0-7 post-inoculation. Interestingly, morbidity was observed 100%, while maximum mortality of 100% in broiler and 33% in ostriches was observed on day 7 and 6 post-inoculation, respectively. Interestingly, gross lesions were found similar comprising hydropericardium, hepatomegaly, hepatitis, nephritis and spleenomegaly. Altogether, albeit, FAdV-4 caused simi...
Asad Sultan1, Rabia Ali1, Rifat Ullah Khan2,*, Sarzamin Khan1, Naila Chand1 and Ambrina Tariq3
...nbsp;Poultry industry is largely based on cereals for energy component in poultry ration. However, certain anti-nutritional factors hamper the bioavailability of nutrients and need to be addressed to avoid compromised birds’ performance. The present study assessed the impact of phytase on enhancing the nutrient retention and phosphorus utilization in two different sorghum cultivars fed to broiler. In an open sided hous...
Muhammad Zain Saleem1,*, Raheela Akhtar1, Asim Aslam1, Muhammad Imran Rashid2, Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry1, Muhammad Adeel Manzoor1, Bilal Ahmed Shah3, Rais Ahmed4 and Muhammad Yasin5
...asur districts for molecular based confirmation of B. abortus in both sheep and goats. Brucellosis in sheep and goats is caused by B. ovis and B. melitensis, respectively but B. abortus (causative agent of bovine) may cross the species barrier to infect the small ruminants which may complicate the control measures of brucellosis because most of the control programs rely on serological screening of brucellosis rather than molecu
Fazal Abbas1, Muhammad Ijaz1,*, Zunaira Akhtar1, Khalid Mehmood2, Muhammad Zeeshan Hyder3 and Umair Iqbal4
...opper concentration is related to the packed cell volume as in anemia copper deficiency is a significant feature. It was concluded that neonatal calf diarrhea is much common in calves and diarrhea have a significant correlation with serum electrolytes and trace elements....
Guo-hai Wang1, Zai-xi Yang1, Pan Chen1, Wei-ning Tan2 and Chang-hu Lu1,*
...p>...
Tazeen Jamil, Saba Ijaz, Rabia Arif*, Faiza Akram and Muhammad Saleem
...ins of Sordaria fimicola. The parental strains werecollected from two contrasting environments of Evolution Canyon i.e. harsh South facing slope and neutral North facing slope. Retroelements profiles were generated in order to detect retrotransposons. Strains from South facing slope exhibited more copy number of Ty3-gypsy, LINEs and Ty1-copia as compared to strains from North facing slope. In total, 52 fragments of Metaviridae (Ty3-gyps...
Faiz-ul Hassan1,*, Muhammad Sajjad Khan1, Muhammad Saif-ur-Rehman1, Syed Muhammad Raihan Dilshad2 and Muhammad Amjad Ali3
... Suffolk, Percheron, Clevland, Noriker and Hanovarian) present in Pakistan were collected from Army Remount Stables while those of four Pakistani indigenous breeds (Morna, Saen, Kakka Bralanwala and Anmol) from local horse breeders of Punjab province. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood samples and amplified by PCR using 40 RAPD primers. PCR products were separated on an agarose gel e...
Ihsan Ullah Khan*, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Ayub Khan, Muhammad Ashraf, Ashiq Saleem, Sundas Awan, Samra Azam and Shamim Ul Sibtain Shah
...esearch Centre (NARC), Islamabad during 2016-17 with the objective to assess the impact of heterosis on different Agro-morphological traits in sunflower hybrids. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used with three replications. The experimental material consisted of nine hybrids, six inbred lines and a commercial check (Hysun-33). The recorded data on days to flowering initiation (DFI), days to flowering completion (DFC), days to maturity (DM), p
Mahroze Fatima1*, Muhammad Afzal2 and Syed Zakir Hussain Shah3
...rimental diets were formulated to contain one control (VE0), two adequate levels of vitamin E supplementation, i.e. 100 and 150 mg/kg diet (VE100, VE150) and two high levels of vitamin E supplementation, i.e. 1000 and 1500 mg/kg diet (VE1000, VE1500). At the onset of feeding trial, 375 fish of nearly uniform initial body weight (3.58±0.04 g) were distributed in fifteen experimental tan...
Ahmed Ali Samejo* and Riffat Sultana*
...tive pest to the useful plants. Morphology and morphometry of immatures of desert locust in relation to gaining of body length and weight at each consecutive stage was carried out for the purpose of investigating the role of immatures in destruction of plants in Thar Desert, Sindh. Hatchlings of solitarious S.gregaria were light green at the time of emergence, but turned over to b
Bibi Nazia Murtaza1,2, Azhar Qayum3, Shamaila Inayat Nadeem1, Naif Awdh Al-Maliki4, Abdulaziz Alamri4 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori2,5,*
... is exchanged with GDP. Playing an important role in regulation of differentiation and cell growth, RasGTPases behave as genetic switches. This transient process of GAP-mediated GTP hydrolysis becomes altered when the Kras gene is mutated. The most common Kras mutations are found in codon 12 and 13 and 61. Some other noncanonical mutations have been reported in codon 11, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 27, 30, 31, 117, 146 and 1...
Muhammad Shahid Nadeem*, Maryam A. Al-Ghamdi and Jalaluddin Azam Khan
...n microbes, animals and plants. The asparaginase of bacterial origin has been extensively applied in the treatment of childhood lymphomas and leukaemia. However, the glutaminase activity of enzyme can cause serious side-effects triggering a search for highly specific and more stable enzyme. In the present study the gene consisting of 972bp coding for 323 amino acids was PCR amplified from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM-465 was PCR amplified and rec...
Faiza Jabeen1,*, Bushra Muneer2 and Javed Iqbal Qazi3
...ophilic bacteria were isolated from hot spring located near the city Chakwal in Pakistan. The cells of both strains were rod-shaped, stained Gram positive and formed endospores. The isolates were able to utilize sugars like fructose, Maltose, mannose, xylose, sacchorose, sorbitol, mannitol, Arabinose and polysaccharides like gelatin and starch. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene ...
Sumreen Hayat1,6, Muhammad Hussnain Siddique2, Bilal Aslam1, Habibullah Nadeem2, Asma Ashraf3, Muhammad Saqalein1, Mohsin Khurshid4, Naveed Shahzad5 and Saima Muzammil1,*
...ns.
...
Ragia S. Mohamed1, Rania F. El Naggar2, Mamdouh. M. Hamoud1, Mohamed M. Hamoud3, Abdulrhman M. Gamal1, Samah E. Laban1, Shimaa A.E. Nasr1, Manal M. Zaki1, ElShaimaa Ismael1, Osama K. Zahran1*
... the importance of the relationship between vaccines and field strains. The aim of the current work is to evaluate the effect of moisture percentage and pH on the persistence of velogenic NDV genotype VII in the poultry manure which considers a major threat to the Egyptian poultry industry since 2011 onwards. In the present study, manure of specific pathogen free (SPF) chicks was contaminated with allantoic fluid of 8 log2 N...
Ping Zhang1,2, Yabin Pu1, Yu Zhang2, Jia Chen2, Kunfu Wang3, Qian Li3, Yujiao Sun3, Yuehui Ma1, Shuqing Jiao2,* and Weijun Guan1,*
...as to investigate the isolation, cultivation, identification and differentiation potential of Muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) from sheep skeletal muscle and provide an experimental evidence for clinical application. The skeletal muscle tissue were studied from fetal sheep, and the stepwise digestion by XI collagenase and trypsin was used to isolate MDSCs and were purified by differential...
Muhammad Nasir1,*, Ata-ul-Mohsan2, Shafqat Saeed3, Munir Ahmad2, Muhammad Asif Aziz2 andMunir Ahmad4
Zhaochao Deng1, Jingchen Chen1, Na Song2, Yongzhen Li3 and Zhiqiang Han1,*
... the South China Sea population. In the present study, we collected a total of 23 individuals from Xisha, and Nansha Islands in the South China Sea and a 503 bp segment of mitochondrial DNA control region was sequenced. 17 polymorphic sites were obtained defining 7 haplotypes in the South China Sea population. Contrary to heterogeneous expectation, AMOVA and pairwise FST ...
Zhaochao Deng1, Na Song2, Yongzhen Li3, Tianxiang Gao1 and Zhiqiang Han1,*
...iduals from three archipelagos (Xisha, Zhongsha and Nansha) in the South China Sea and 107 polymorphic sites were obtained defining 39 haplotypes. Based on the NJ tree, two distinct lineages were detected, with strong frequency differences in the geographical distribution. Both lineages were found in Xisha and Zhongsha archipelagos, but only one lineage (lineage B) was detected in Nansha archipela
SiRui Wang1,2, Fekede Regasa Joka1,2, XiaoLong Wang1,2,* and SuYing Bai2,*
...cts. This gene is particularly important for the prevention and treatment of avian influenza. Currently, this gene is more studied in poultry, and studies in wild birds are rare. To understand the antiviral site of the Myxovirus-resistance (Mx) protein in the evolution of different wild birds, 10 wild bird species, including Anas formosa, Anas crecca, Anas strepera, Mergus squamatus, Accipiter nisus, Buteo hemi
Ashfaque Ahmed Nahiyoon1,*, Shahina Fayyaz2 and Nasira Kazi2
...heat and it occupies the largest area in Pakistan compared to other crops. Cotton is cultivated in Sindh on more than 1 million acres. Two popular varieties of cotton are grown in Sindh. The aim of the present study was to determine the diversity of plant parasitic and soil nematodes associated with cotton plants in Sindh. During 2017–2018 extensiv...
Tianlong Cai1, Falk Huettmann2, Kisup Lee3 and Yumin Guo1,*
...13) and 14 environmental layers as predictors. Results show that the Songnen Plain and Korea Peninsula are the most important stopover habitats. Four other major areas are also suitable for stopover: (i) the coastal area of the Bohai Sea, (ii) the Three Rivers Plain-Amur River Basin, (iii) the Torey Lake Basin and the (iv) Zeya River-Heilongjiang River. ...
Saud Khan and Inamullah*
...soil with appropriate tillage implement may enhance oil and grain yield of sunflower. In this regard, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of phosphorus (P) levels and tillage instruments on grain and oil yield of sunflower at Agronomy Research Farm of the University of Agriculture Peshawar (Pakistan) during summer 2017. Split plot arrangement of the Randomized Complete Block design was used with four replicati...
Qaizar Ahmed1, Fida Mohammad2, Sheraz Ahmed2*, Sultan Akbar Jadoon2, Imtiaz Ali2 and Ajmalud Din2
...rried out to elucidate relationship between Hayman and Griffing analyses in flue cured Virginia (FCV) tobacco. Plant material comprised of seven tobacco cultivars which were hybridized in full diallel mating system at the Tobacco Research Sub-station, Mansehra, Pakistan during 2007. Thereon, seven parents and their forty-two F1 hybrids were sown during 2008 and 2009 at the Tobacco Research Station, Mardan (p
Fukuan Du1,2, Yongkai Tang1, Juhua Yu1, Shengyan Su1, Fan Yu1, Jianlin Li1, Hongxia Li1, Meiyao Wang1 and Pao Xu1,2,*
... to protect the wild population. In this study, we sequenced the brain transcriptome of C. nasus using Illumina Hiseq 4000 platform. We obtained 123,764 unigenes with an average length of 1092 bp and a total of 115,169 putative Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs). Among them, 37 SSRs were selected for the validation experiments. All of the loci were found to be polymorphic and showed bi-allelic in 60 individuals of C. n...
Fady Samir1, Rania F. El Naggar2, Mohamed M. Hamoud3, Manal M. Zaki1, Abdulrhman M. Gamal1, Samah E. Laban1, Shaimaa A. E. Nasr1, El Shaimaa Ismael1, Osama K. Zahran1*
... was contaminated with allantoic fluid of NDV and kept at room temperature ranged from 20 to 25oc which is nearly the same as poultry farms on different coupon surfaces (metal, plastic and cooling pads). Daily examination of poultry manure for the persistence of NDV was conducted on the basis of virus isolation followed by haemagglutination assay (HA) which revealed that NDV survived in th...
Huma Naz1,*, Sajid Abdullah2, Khalid Abbas2, Wardah Hassan3, Moazama Batool4, Shakeela Perveen5, Sadia Maalik4 and Sajida Mushtaq4
...smutase, peroxidase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase in different organs (liver, gills, kidney, brain, heart and muscle) of fish, Labeo rohita. The LC50 of chlorpyrifos+endosulfan mixture was calculated as 1.95±0.02 μgL-1 for 96 h with the 95% confidence limits. The fish expose to the mixture (1:1) for 96-h. The results obtained from this study showed that superoxide dismutase, p...
Fan Yi1,2, Xiaobin Yang1, Shigen Ye1, Hua Li1 and Ruijun Li1,*
...tion against Edwarsiella tarda infection; and the relative protection ratios were 60% and 50%, respectively. It was also obtained that interval feeding experiments also significantly boost non-specific immunological function of P. olivaceus compared with continues feeding experiments, HCT application in P. olivaceus farming potentially enhances P. olivaceus resistance against E. tarda infec...
Aisha Khalid1, Muhammad Tayyab1,*, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Tahir Yaqub2, Ali Raza Awan1, Muhammad Wasim1, Shagufta Saeed1, Sehrish Firyal1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori3
...ion of thermostable cellulase. Production of cellulase was focused due to its diverse range of application in industry. In the present study, conditions were optimized for the maximal production of recombinant thermostable cellulase from Thermotoga naphthophila using BL21-CodonPlus (DE3) cells as expression host and pET28a as expression vector. Ef...
Fakhra Soomro1,*, Riffat Sultana2 and Muhammad Saeed Wagan2
...ssed through six instars larvae. Emergence of larval instars in both species was started from the month of July just after monsoon rainfall, whereas, S. savignyi immature emerges earlier than S. rubescens rubescens and increases their density rapidly in open grounds and rocky areas. Immature stages were found exclusively geophiles in nature and usually giving two generation in a year but occasionally third gene...
Muhammad Adnan Islam1,2*, Muhammad Iqbal2, Zia-ul-Haq2,3, Muhammad Mohsin Ali1, Hafiz Sultan Mahmood1, Shabbir Ahmed Kalwar1, Liaqat Ali Shahid1, Badar Munir Khan Niazi1 and Muzammil Husain1
...rops of Pakistan. Due to late picking of cotton, wheat growing period is delayed and the farmers sown wheat in the December and January due to long process of field preparation by conventional method. Zone disc tiller machine developed in the department of Farm Machinery and Power, was employed for sowing wheat instead of conventional tillage in cotton stubble to avoid further
Javed Asghar Tariq1*, Bashir Ahmed2, Manzoor Ali Abro2, Muhammad Ismail1, Muhammad Usman Asif1 and Raza Muhammad1
...have ability to enhance plant growth as well as to have antagonistic effect against another pathogenic microflora. Current studies were designed with the aim to search out such type of antagonistic bacteria from rice crop. For this purpose, soil was collected from rice growing areas of Tando Jam. The isolation from rhizospheric soil was done by dilution plate technique. Among iso
Abdul Kabir1, Laiba Uroog2*, Naushad Ahmad3, Fawad Ahmad3, Muhammad Saqib3, Noor Badshah4 and Taj Ali Khan3
...tis is multifactorial inflammation of mammary glands in dairy animals, resulting in changes in milk quality, milk production, and economic losses to dairy farmers. It mainly occurs due to non-contagious environmental bacterial species. In Pakistan, it is the major disease of different dairy animals including bovines. However, only a little information is available about bacterial profile ...
Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi*
...., exploitation of host plant resistance, cultural, physical, chemical and biological control. Studies on pathogen variation have revealed that breeding with single major gene for resistance may be unsuccessful due to breakdown in resistance. Up to this extent, multi cropping using resistant varieties appears to be better option for the disease’s management. Evidence from my laboratory suggest that biological control i...
Zahra Nazir1, Saba Ijaz1, Roquyya Gul2 and Mahjabeen Saleem1,*
... enzymes, widespread in plants, fungi and microorganism, gain commercial importance for improving the yield and nutraceutical properties of juice processing industry, degumming of fibre plants and maximum oil recovery. These enzymes break down complex polysaccharide polymers of plant tissues into simpler monomer like D-galacturonic acids. In this study, ...
Anum Khursheed1, Malik Muhammad Shafi2 and Haidar Ali2*
...ource Management) particularly in Livestock in union council Kahori, District Muzaffarabad. From 111 sampled respondents primary data were collected through pre-tested questionnaire. Three villages namely; Kundipiran, Kariandarar and Kulpana from union council Kahori were purposively selected. The study indicated that the majority of the sampled respondents were female. To compare the size of livestock holding paired t-test ...
Arshad Farooq* and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
... various factors such as land, labor, finance and management practices etc. This article assessed the knowledge gap of improved cane management practices in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan. Sugarcane growers were selected randomly and Data were collected through interview schedule from 285 respondents in D.I. Khan and Mardan districts during sugarcane cropping season, 2018. Knowledge gap index was applied as a measurin...
Aziz Ur Rahman* and Syed Mehar Ali Shah
...I) for yield and yield related traits in rice. The genetic material comprised 87 rice F5:7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) along with three check cultivars namely Pakhal, Kashmir Basmati and Fakhr-e-Malakand. The genetic material was planted in alpha lattice design using three replications across different locations namely Peshawar, Swat, Manshera and Ch...
Bushra Siddique1,*, Muhammad Tariq1, Muhammad Naeem1 and Muhammad Ali2
...s between prey and host plant species. Recent studies exhibited that the use of natural enemy is an ecofriendly measure to control pests. The Seven spotted ladybird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata play a prominent role in aphid management. It exploits several different cues released by plants to increase the e...
Rıfat Ertekin1*, Mete Ozkurt1, Gokhan Kus2 and Selda Kabadere1
...s a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicine stimulating apoptosis in cancer cells like pancreas, oesophagus and lungs. This study aims to determine the role of TA in cell viability and apoptosis in glioma cells (T-98G) and androgen-sensitive human prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP). In our study, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μM doses of TA were applied to T-98G and LNCaP cell lines for periods of 24 and 48 h. Subsequent cell ...
...ur attention that Dr. Ghulam Abbas from Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Pakistan has exploited the peer-review process in the Journal of Zoology by generating fake reviewers email addresses. This led to an in-depth investigation by the Editorial Team and Executive Council of Zoological Society of Pakistan. The editorial team had written confidentially to all the reviewers at their official addresses, the list of which was provide...
Muhammad Rehan1, Asim Aslam1, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1, Muhammad Abid2, Shakeel Hussain3, Javeria Umber4, Ahsan Anjum1 and Altaf Hussain2*
... Pakistan. Continuous isolation of new genotypes in Pakistan shows the evolving nature of the virus and the emergence of new strains is limiting in its diagnosis and control. Pakistan is a developing country and poultry industry is the backbone of its economy. Recent outbreaks have caused huge losses to the poultry industry. This review details the possible role and potential of some common captive and non-captive wild bird species in the spread of NDV and als...
Hamid Ali, Muhammad Arshad, Ibad Ullah Jan, Muhammad Zamin*, Junaid Khan, Ikram Ullah and Mushtaq Ali
...rnamental and perfumery plant. The research was conducted at University of Swabi during summer 2018 to evaluate the performance of tuberose under various concentrations of gibberellic acid and micronutrients. Experiment was laid in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) using two factors i.e. gibberellic acid and micronutrients with three replications. Both the factors gibberellic acid (GA3) and micro nutrients had their si...
An Empirical Analysis of Livestock Activities of the Model Farm Service Center in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Tariq Shah1*, Umar Hayat1, Muhammad Suleman Bacha2 and Muhammad3
... activities especially related to extension work and explore the knowledge of farmers and their linkages with government as well private sector for livestock improvement in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province. A total of 480 respondents from four districts, namely Swat, Mardan, Abbotabad and Dera Ismail Khan were randomly selected for interview purpose. Descriptive statistical techniques along with independent sample t-test and dummy variable regression were used...
Muhammad Nasrullah1*, Liu Chang1, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai2, Asaad Osman Khalid1, Rachel Bayisenge1 and Gulnaz Hameed3
...upees per hectare while planting cost was 61,476.68 and processing cost was 95,535 rupees per hectare. The highest cost incurred was 61,750 rupees for land followed by Fuel wood which was 39,957 rupees per hectare. Total product of tobacco was calculated as 44 mounds per hectare. The total revenue was Rs. 405,636 per hectare while total cost incurred was 242,889.68 having a profit of Rs. 1...
Shahid Ali1*, Asim Khan1, Aftab Khan1 and Bakhtawar Riaz2
...rview schedule. Cobb-Douglas production function was employed to assess technical efficiency. Maximum likelihood estimation techniques were employed for estimation. Results showed that all explanatory variables except pesticides have significant effect on tomato production. The results showed that a 1% increase in seed rate, labor, tractor hours, urea, DAP and irrigation increases output b...
Farhat Iqbal1, Abdul Waheed2,*, Zil-e-Huma3 and Asim Faraz2
...ompertz, Brody, Von Bertalanffy and Logistic growth models were employed on the basis of nonlinear least squares and Bayesian methods. Using the monthly body weight data of 2070 weight records of Thalli sheep from birth to 24 months of age for both sexes (male and female) and type of births(single and twin), the estimates of parameters and their credible intervals were obtained from posterior distributions. The overall goodness of fit of c
Abid Hussain1,2, Farida Ahmed3, Shyamali C. Dharmage4, Shafiq ur Rehman1, Muhammad Shahbaz Aslam5 and Zaigham Abbas1,*
...l Institute of Health, Islamabad. All enrolled patients were screened for set of allergens using skin prick test (SPT). Based on results of SPT, out of total 50550 allergen sensitized patients, 89.28% had aero-allergen sensitization while remaining 10.72% had food sensitization. Significantly higher prevalence of both aero- and food allergen sensitization was observed among males (p<0.05) within sensitized population. The...
Emel Banu Buyukunal1,*, Rojan Ibrahim Albazaz1 and Mehmet Ali Bal2,3
...y conventional and molecular methods for E. coli isolation in this study. Subsequently, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of E. coli isolates (n=71) were determined against thirteen agents; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefpodoxime, aztreon...
Muhammad Ijaz, Sayed Rashad Ali Shah*, Muhammad Izhar-ul-Haq and Amir Afzal
...ant response whereas, at late assessments most of genotypes were susceptible. In pathogen-host relationship several components of partial resistance have been proposed. Under detached leaf assay Virginia type groundnut showed minimum spots per leaf, sporulation, and product of spots per leaf and sporulation, spots per leaf and percent area diseased per l...
Fraza Ijaz1*, Umair Riaz2, Shazia Iqbal3, Qamar uz Zaman4, Muhammad Furqan Ijaz5, Hina Javed1, Muhammad Amjad Qureshi1, Zuhra Mazhar3, Ahmad Hassan Khan6, Hassan Mehmood7 and Ijaz Ahmad8
... Fabaceae family and displayed all possible means for improving the fertility of soils. Rhizobium also forms a symbiotic association with non-legumes because of their great colonizing capability and helps in improving crop growth. Physiological precursors are also used in association with rhizobium because of their higher solubility in water, continuous providence of hormones as well as low cost. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of Rhizobium, with...
Muhammad Sohail1*, Asad Sultan2, Said Sajjad Ali Shah3, Muhammad Sajid1 and Adnan Khan4
...espectively). The bioavailability of crude protein was higher in maize followed by wheat and sorghum. The phytic acid contents were found highest in both varieties of sorghum (0.85% and 0.87% respectively) as compared to the wheat varieties (0.78 % and 0.80%) and corn varieties (0.72 % and 0.71 respectively). Retention and digestibility of OM from maize cultivars was higher (0.841 and 0.836 respectively) followed by wheat varieties (0.811 and 0.806 respectivel...
Muhammad Usman Ghani1*, Muti Ur Rehaman Khan1, Asim Aslam1, Zubair Shabbir2, Li Bo3 and Naveed Anwar4
...oundaries of provinces a large number of nomads moves from Baluchistan and Sindh to Punjab via DG Khan. Harsh climate and relatively less rain fall also contributing factors towards the establishment of infection. Contagious Ecthyma is an extremely contagious, highly communicable, economically important viral disease of skin that affects most of animals. The purpose of current study was to establish and familiarize a precise...
Senol Celik
...), exhaustive CHAID and classification and regression trees (CART) data mining algorithms in predicting live body weight as a continuous response variable by means of morphological measurements i.e. live body weight (LBW), body length (BL), withers height (WH), rump height (RH), belly girth (BG) and chest girth (CG) as continuous predictors from 130 Pakistan goats. Also, sex factor was included as a possible nominal predictor in the current study. To me...
Ailing Huang, Lingyu Meng, Wei Zhang, Junyan Liu, Guangyao Li, Huihua Tan, Wen Lu and Xialin Zheng*
...p>-6th instar larvae in Phauda flammans Walker (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) were tested using the leaf-dipping method. Meanwhile, effects of these pesticides on detoxifying and protective enzymes in P. flammans larvae were also measured. Results showed that the LC50 value of beta-cypermethrin, abamectin, chlorpyrifos, thi...
Shengjie Zhou1,2, Pengfei Wang1,2, Chao Zhao1,2, Mingjun Fu3, Jian G. Qin4, Lihua Qiu1, Zhenhua Ma1, 4,* and Maoshang Lin1
...i>Trachinotus ovatus larvae was cloned in the present study. The full length of L-FABP cDNA from golden pompano was 604 bp, including a 5’-untranslated region (UTR) of 154 bp, a 3’-UTR of 69 bp and an open reading frame (ORF) of 281 bp. L-FABP encoding a polypeptide of 126 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 14.06 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point ...
Bina Khanzada1*, Ghulam Hussain Abro1, Tajwar Sultana Syed1 and Nazir Ahmed2
...al diets and ornamental plants on parasitoid performance. Among artificial diets tested were honey, sugar, protein hydrolysate solution to enhance fecundity and fertility of the parasitoid under laboratory conditions and compared with the provision of flower nectors such as ornamental sunflower, merry gold and hollyhock in the laboratory. The ornamental pla<...
Sheng Niu1, Ali-Raza Jahejo1, Fa-jie Jia1, Xin Li1, Guan-bao Ning1, Ding Zhang1, Hai-li Ma1, Wei-fang Hao2, Wen-wei Gao1, Yu-jun Zhao1, Shi-min Gao1, Jian-hui Li1, Gui-lan Li1, Fang Yan1, Rong-kun Gao1, Huan-chun Chen1,3 and Wen-xia Tian1,*
...sel, also exists in cartilage zone. It has recently been shown that chicken erythrocytes constitutively express toll-like receptors (TLRs), cytokines, and avian β-defensins (AvBDs). Host defense peptides (HDPs) are important effector molecules in innate immunity. In this study, thiram has been used to induce tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) and the chickens were injected with different doses of recombinant glutathione-S-tra...
Muhammad Ahmad, Zohaib Noor*, Karim Johar Khan, Waqar Younas and Ajmal Hussain
...d was stocked with Catla catla (C. catla) a surface feeder, Labeo Rohita (L. rohita) a column feeder and Cirrhinus mrigala (C. mrigala) bottom feeder, respectively, while, in group 2 only (C. catla) was repla
Nursinatrio and Rudy Agung Nugroho*
...ass composition of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp). A group of red tilapias (initial weight 24.09 ± 0.05 g) were fed 3, 6, 9 and 12% HCFM as a supplement and compared to a control group without supplementation. After 84 days, growth parameters such as body weight gain (BWG), average weekly gain (AWG), daily weight gain (DWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency (FE), protein ef...
Faraz Akrim1,2, Tariq Mahmood1,*, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem3, Siddiqa Qasim1, Shaista Andleeb1 and Hira Fatima1
...in the north-eastern Himalayan region (Azad Jammu and Kashmir) of Pakistan with a view to compute the niche overlap between the two species. The Indian grey mongoose was recorded at 15 different sampling sites within the elevation range 699-1559 m above mean sea level (AMSL). The small Indian mongoose was found distributed at 30 different sites in the study area, having an elevation range 691-1624 m AMSL. The diet of Indian ...
Yuyu Wang, Gangchun Xu*, Zhijuan Nie, Quanjie Li, Nailin Shao and Pao Xu*
...nd antioxidant status of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) reared in an in-pond raceway system (IPRS). Fish (initial average body weight: 35.68±2.12g) were randomly allotted to in-pond raceways (26.2m×5m×2.5m) stocked at two stocking densities (68 and 114 fish/m3, respectively). Fish were fed twice daily (08:00 and 17:00), and the daily ration feed was 4% of the body weight. No significant differences were observed in...
Sun Hong1, Zhang Yifeng1, Wang Baishi2, Li Yangwei1, Xu Wenbo1, Mao Runkun1 and Wang Zhenglong1,*
...derground burrows were relatively stable during spring and summer. In conclusion, mandarin voles face hypoxic/hypercapnic stress predominantly during summer. The humidity and temperature of the burrows were relatively stable and were not affected by seasonal variation. The burrow system of mandarin voles was more complex and deeper during the rainy summer season. Our study provides a basis for further investigations regardin...
Khan Sher1*, Muhammad Nisar2 and Muhammad Subhan1
...sixty local common beans landraces. Among all markers, only one was monomorphic, while the remaining were polymorphic. At average 2 alleles per locus were identified. The size of all alleles ranged from 210bp to 630 bp. Major allelic frequency fluctuated from 54.0% to 96.0%. An overall, the total No. of alleles per locus extended from 22 (PVBR 20) to 49 PvM053. Similarly, the frequency values oscilla...
Aliya Ayaz, Gohar Ayub, Maqsood Khan* and Syed Aizaz Ali Shah
...ntage, number of fruits plant-1, fruit length, fruit weight, plant height, yield plot-1, total yield and survival percentage. In case of dipping durations, seeds dipped for 18 hours significantly reduced days to emergence and days to first flower, while increased germination percentage, number of fruits plant-1, fruit length, fruit weight, plant height, ...
Asim Khan1, Shahid Ali1*, Syed Attaullah Shah1, Aftab Khan1 and Raza Ullah2
.... The major findings proclaim that maximum temperature has negative impact on the yield of maize. Impact of precipitation show a positive and significant contribution to maize yield. High temperature has deleterious impact on maize productivity. Therefore, policy exertions needs to be concentrated toward impact of climate change on maize productivity. Development of temperature resistant maize verities for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is also a good option. Moreover, aw...
Ayat Ullah* and Ayesha Khan
...g to Yamane’s formula. The study uses the Kruskal–Wallis H test for checking differences among farmers knowledge with differences in their contact with extension service providers. The results revealed significant differences in farmers’ knowledge of chemical, biological and cultural control methods of pest with differences in the frequency of extension-farmers’ contacts. With the increase in extension-farmers’ contacts the farmer...
Abdur Rehman1*, Iqbal Javed2, Zhang Nannan3, Muhammad Niamatullah1, Raheel Saqib4 and Allah Bakhsh5
... the ranked of index popularisation and application of agricultural informatisation. The Tangshan city ranked first for the infrastructure of agricultural information, the capital city Shijiazhuang in Hebei province as ranked first in the agricultural informatisation and human resources index. The Hengshui city ranked first in the agricultural informatisation subject to environmental index. Recently the Park in Hebei province, although more modern and high sta...
Hassan Naveed1,2, Kamran Sohail2 and Yalin Zhang2*
...15) n. rec., Linnavuoriella arcuata Hamilton (1980) n. rec. and Paralimnellus cingulatus Dlabola (1960) n. rec. are reported for the first time from Pakistan. All species are described and illustrated with habitus photographs. ...
Kubra Siddique*, Ghaffar Ali, Irfan Ullah, Atta Ullah Shah and Muhammad Fayaz
...re, own and cross price elasticities of meat in Pakistan. Working-lesser model is used to estimate elasticities using cross-sectional data from Household Integrated Economic Survey of Pakistan for the year 2013-14. Economic factors such as food commodities prices, households’ income and their socioeconomic characteristics are included in the model. The results reveal that on the average, households in rural region spen...
Iftikhar Ud Din* and Qamruz Zaman
... modeling approach from classical linear regression (CLRM) to multilevel modeling. The study also discussed an important problem in Multilevel Modeling (MLM) i.e. to find sufficient sample size for accurate estimation purposes. In MLM, apart from the general factors of sample size estimation, the test size, the effect size, SE (standard error) of the effect size and power of the test, additional factors like, magnitude of the ICC (Intra C...
Zahin Anjum1*, Farhat Shehzad1, Amina Rahat1, Hamid Ullah Shah2 and Saleem Khan3
... heavy metals refer to a large group of chemicals that may be present in the environment as pollutants and can enter the food chain and might be carcinogenic to humans. The lead content was found high in fish with the mean value of 3.18mg/kg and the lowest values were observed in chicken with mean value of 1.38mg/kg. The chrysene, naphthalene, flourenthene and Dibenz(a,h) anthracene concentrations were also found high in fish and mutton. The observed values we...
Muhammad Shahid1*, Mehmood Shah2, Adiqa Kiani3 and Farhat Parveen4
...d the agriculture particularly livestock sector which is considered the fundamental and back bone of any economy of the world. In the season of draught and a crop failure, the only sector which generates incomes and financial support for agricultural sector. This research paper debates on livestock implications in raising labour productivity by taking time series data from 1984 to 2017 and Auto Regressive Distributive
Abid Ali1*, Hidayat ur Rahman1, Farhatullah1 and Zahir Shah2
...enetic parameters particularly gene action help plant breeders in developing breeding strategies. The experimental material comprised three white maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines which were developed at Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak, Nowshera-Pakistan. Parental inbred lines were crossed with each other to get six F1s during kharif 2015 which were selfed to develop F2s and backcrossed with their parents to ...
Bingbing Gao1, Na Song1, Zhonglu Li2, Tianxiang Gao3 and Liqin Liu3,*
...tions.
...
Hayat Zada and Ahmad-ur-Rahman Saljoqi*
...
...
Hayat Zada1, Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1,*, Ijaz Ali2, Bashir Ahmad1, Abdul Waheed Khan2 and Shabeer Ahmad2
...ing moth Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is the most important insect pest of apple production in Pakistan. Genomic DNA was extracted from 30 overwintering larvae of each population of Matta, Madyan and Kalam regions. Out of 30 tested primers, 21 amplified 157 polymorphic bands in three popula<...
Wang Zaigui1,*, Guo Panpan1, Ye Miao1, Sun Linghong1, Zhang Hongfu2 and Liu Chaoliang1,*
...th 1500 healthy silkworm larvae. There were two treatment groups: control group, without added Bacillus subtilis, and B.subtilis group, with B. subtilis at 2.0×1010 CFU/mL added to the feed. Experimental diets were fed in three phases: 3rd instar, 4thinstar and 5th instar. Furthermore, 3 replications were maintained and 250 silkworm larvae were reared in ea...
Mehboob Arslan* and Xin Yang
...s are obligate intracellular pathogens and rely on host machinery to successfully cause infections. In order to succumb hosts, viruses have evolved strategies to manipulate specific cellular metabolic pathways that aid the production of viral particles. Viruses need to breach a complex network of metabolic intrinsic factors and microenvironment established within the host cells. The pressu...
Iram Gull*, Muhammad Shahbaz Aslam, Imran Tipu, Roohi Mushtaq and Muhammad Amin Athar
... reported.
...
Sher Bahadar Khan1,2,*, Zou Geng1, Cheng Yu-ting1, Asad Sultan3, Mumtaz Ali4,5, Irshad Ahmad6 and Rui Zhou1
...ey agar, E. coli were isolated from 285 samples including 125 tonsil swabs (4-6 weeks old healthy pigs from 5 farms), 80 tissue samples from different slaughter houses (20 each intestine, liver, meat and kidney), and 80 samples from super- and wet-markets (each 20 meat and liver) collected both in summer and winter. Isolates were tested for 15 antibiotics (CRO, AMX, GEN, STR, TET, CHL, CLR...
Syeda Ain-ul-Batool1, Sadia1, Kathrin Blasius2,3,4, Angela Kaindl2,3,4 and Ghazanfar Ali1,*
...es of BBS also include delayed motor development, clumsiness, anosomia, ataxia, hypodontia, hearing impairment, hirschsprung disease, cardiovascular and liver disorders. So far 21 genes are reported that cause BBS (BBS1-BBS21). A consanguineous family having clinical symptoms of BBS9 is described in current study. Mutation was detected in BBS9 on chromosome 7p14.3 using whole exome sequencing (WES). A splice acceptor site mu...
Qingling Hu1,2
...s is provided. New host plant of the genus is discovered. New distinguishing characters between the two species are proposed. Specimens examined are deposited in the Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University.
...
Shamsudin Bojang1, Idris Abd Ghani2, Jugah Kadir1, Adamu Saidu Paiko1, Yasir Iftikhar3 and Muhammad Kamran3,4,*
...eens from nine states (Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Melaka, Johor, Pahang, Perak, Kedah, Pulau Pinang and Wilayah Persekutuan) of Peninsular Malaysia for nematode, Meloidogyne graminis infections on the turf grasses. Samples were collected bas...
Iqra Jaffar, Zainab Sehzadi, Muhammad Adeel, Khalid P. Lone and Mehwish Faheem*
...h health.
...
Sagir Hussain, Erum Iqbal* and Shahina Fayyaz
... agricultural crops.Compilated data from the world has shown that Q. capitatus has the potential to survive and propagate proficiently at low temperature (-2 to -15ºC).
...
Abid Hussain Shahzad1, Abdul Sattar1,*, Nasim Ahmad1, Ijaz Ahmad2, Deniz Nak3 and Yavuz Nak3
...reproductive management plays a vital role in dairy farm economics. Primary objective of the present study was to compare the efficiency of standard Ovsych protocol (OVP0) and its modified forms (OVP5 and OVP7) as postpartum reproductive management tools in cyclic dairy cows. In total, 167 Holstein cows were randomly divided into three treatment groups. The OVP0 group was comprised of 58 cows. Other two groups, OVP5 (n=55) and OVP7 (n=54), were simi
Muhammad Shoaib Saleem* and Muhammad Faheem Akbar
...ational insecticides in plant pest management in perspective of the public concern over the level of pesticide residues in food and environment causing health and ecological problems. The indiscriminate use of synthetics insecticides in crop protection has also led to development of resistant strains of pests and have adverse effects on non-target organisms including natural enemies and pollinators. Amongst bio-rational insecticides, neonicotinoids and insect ...
Ghulam Murtaza1*, Razia Sultana2, Muhammad Arshad Malik3, Sibtain Afzal4, Mubashar Hussain5, Shahid Bashir6
... smoking habit using the latest method such as transcranial direct current stimulation.
...
Abdur Rauf Nizami*
...s on “Faunal Assemblages of the Middle Jurassic Samana Suk Formation, Chichali Gorge Section, Surghar Range, Sub-Himalayas-Pakistan”. The Samana Suk Formation is a carbonate sequence of the Middle Jurassic age and is widely distributed in the Upper Indus Basin, northern Pakistan. This formation belongs to the Baroch Group and is mainly comprised of limestones, which were thought to be a prospective fossils archiv...
Pin Lyu1, Xiangxian Chen2* andQinlong Liu3*
...ethods. The injured muscular tissues and blood samples were collected pre-injury and post-injury on day 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12 and 15. The exercise and massage group showed the fastest recovery reflected by muscular histological structure and C-reactive protein levels, followed by the other three groups. C-reactive protein decrease in exercise and massage, massage only or exercise only groups was significantly different comparing...
Lichao Feng1,2, Shaoqing Zhang4, Dianyuan Chen2, Sina Adl3 and Donghui Wu1,4*
...ibution of insect in cropland landsacpe. The larva of click beetles (Agriotes fuscicollis Miwa) known as the wireworm is a serious underground pest in farmlands. The distribution of adults and larvae alternated between flower and corn growth stages in the field because food resources and foraging behaviors stimu...
Xiaona Cao1,3-5, Yuanyuan Ren2-5, Xiaoteng Cui2-5, Baoxin Qian2-5, Chunyan Zhao 2-5, Jie Yang2-5, Chao Su2-5,* and Xingjie Gao2-5,*
... were formed in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells upon some unfavorable environmental stress. Previously, we found that Tudor domain containing 1 (SND1)-containing SGs actively communicate with the nuclear and cytosolic pool of HeLa cells. Here, we are interested to investigate the dynamic distribution of three nuclear proteins, including heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1), Hu Antigen R (HuR) and T cell intracellula<...
Hong Zhang1, Shu-Fen Han2, Jing Wang1, Shao-Kang Wang1, Gui-Ju Sun1 and Cheng-Kai Zhai1, *
... obesity and lipid accumulation in rats and the possible molecular mechanisms, 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four different diets, including reference chow diet (RCD), high fat and cholesterol diet (HFCD), city diet (CD) and compound whole-grain diet (CWD). Serum lipid profiles and glucose level were examined after 8 weeks. The molecular mechanisms underlined the ef...
Bo Zhang1, Changbo Zhu1, Zihao Meng1,4, Baosuo Liu1, Lian Zhong3, Guiju Huang1, Jiaqi Su1, Sigang Fan1 and Dahui Yu1,2,*
...rs and analyzed the correlations between TCC (total carotenoid content) and color parameters. The percentage of total carotenoids in the adductor, gill, mantle, and visceral mass was 6.50%, 10.79%, 15.11% and 67.61%, respectively. Generally, the tissue-specific carotenoid distribution is ranked in the order being adductor < mantle < gill < visceral mass. Significant correlations were found between TCC and the color ...
Jun Yan Bai*, Shuai Yang, You Zhi Pang, Xiao Hong Wu and Guang Lu Li
...s of egg quality and egg laying capacity of Korea quail, Beijing white quail and China yellow quail under same conditions was undertaken. Results demonstrated that egg weight, long end and egg shape index of Korean quail are significantly higher than those of Beijing white quail and China yellow quail (P<0.05). The short end, yolk height, yolk width and yolk weight of Korea quail and China white-feather quail are significantly higher than those of China yel...
Waqar Akhtar1*, Munir Ahmad2, Nadeem Akmal1, Hassnain Shah1 and Asif Ali Mirani2
... under small, medium and large farms in the study area. Fresh Dates has more competitiveness with less PCR value 0.62 compared to dry dates with PCR value 0.75.There is also influence of farm size on cost efficiency and competitiveness level. Domestic Resource Cost (DRC) ratio less than unity reveled overall resource use efficiency in dates production, however fresh dates (0.39) had more comparative advantage as compare to dried dates with DRC value (0.72). Th...
Asghar Khan1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Arfan Yousaf2, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Mamoona Chaudhry1, Mumtaz Ali Khan3, Habibunnabi4 and Amjad Khan5
...sub-clinical mastitis in lactating buffaloes in Pothohar region of Pakistan. A questionnaire based cross-sectional based survey was conducted in 30 commercial and subsistent farms in Pothohar region of Rawalpindi district, Punjab. Where randomly 196 lactating buffaloes were sampled. Data on several health, management and bio-security variables was collected in face to face interviews from farmers, managers and owners. Milk s...
Songhao Zhang1, Yiwen Gong1, Jian Xu1, Mou Hu2, Peng Xu3 and Yanliang Jiang1,2,4,*
...tion, purse red carp displays consumer-favored morphological traits such as red skin color and purse-shaped body form. However, the underlying genetic basis is less studied. In the present study, we utilized the powerful approach of comparative transcriptome analysis via high throughput sequencing, and examined transcriptome profiles of purse red carp by comparing with Yellow River carp, of which the skin color and body shape are quite simi
Mohsan Iqbal1, Farid Asif Shaheen1, Rashid Mahmood2,*, Muhammad Khalid Rafique2, Imran Bodlah1, Farah Naz3 and Muhammad Usman Raja3
... Xenorhabdus nematophila were studied as bio-control agents to manage this pest. In addition, percent conidial germination and % mortality of C. chinensis were also evaluated when B. bassiana was used with DEBBM. The minimum number of eggs (0.66 grain-1), number of holes (1 grain-1), number of F1 new emerged (5.6 jar-1), days to 100 percent mortality F1 (3), weight loss (4%), damage (5...
Riffat Sultana
...is light yellowish with black patches dorsally and brown ventrally.
...
Essossinam Ali*
...tolerant seeds (DTS) and labor allocation. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to collect data from 704 farm households in three regions (Central, Kara and Savannah) in subsistence agriculture in Northern Togo. Tobit and linear regression models were used to analyze the effect of farmers’ risk aversion on fertilizer and DTS uses, and labour allocation, respectively. The results indicate that on average 86.22% of fa...
Hashim Ullah1, Abdur Rahman1, Rifat Ullah Khan2, Shakoor Ahmad2 and Ambrina Tariq3, Shabana Naz4,*
...nd greater in Mazai. Similarly, females have higher average fat content as compared to males. In conclusion, from the health point of view, the mutton of Waziri breed had better nutritional contents compared to Mazai.
...
Yan-Guo Han1,2, Jun-Hua Ye1, Qin-Tao Zhao1, Yong-Jie Huang2, Kai Li2, Yong-Fu Huang2 and Li Xu1,*
...NA vaccines in promoting lactation of rats. Fifteen female SD rats were randomly divided into three groups and were orally vaccinated, respectively SS-14 (Group T1) and SS-28 (Group T2) DNA vaccines fused tPA signal peptide and CpG adjuvant and delivered by attenuated Salmonella choleraesuis at weeks 0, 3 and 6 of the study, and rats in control group (Group C) was orally given empty ...
Zhengfei Wang*, Dan Tang, Xuejia Shi, Huayun Guo, Xiuping Chen, Daizheng Zhang and Boping Tang*
...nfirm if there is a correlation between mitochondrial protein coding genes (PCGs) and adaptation to the extreme hydrothermal vent environment.Thirteen PCGs from mitochondrial genomes of 48 Brachyura species and one Diogenidae species were examined. Each of the genes was investigated and compared to orthologous sequences using PAML, Datamonkey, and TreeSAAP. Nine mitochondrial PCGs (ATP6, ATP8, COX1, COX3, CYTB, ND1, ND2, ND4, and ND5) were valida...
Shakeel Ahmad Anjum1, Sami Ullah1*, Muhammad Mohsin Raza2, Mohsin Raza1, Muhammad Abbas3, Ijaz Ahmad4, Malik Muhammad Yousaf2, Muhammad Zeshan5, Adeel Abbas1, Mehmood Ali Noor1 and Mohsin Nawaz1
...ify;">Boron (B) affects plant growth and development by influencing vital processes like cell division, cell wall formation, water relations, meristematic tissue growth, carbohydrate metabolism, and pollen tube growth which suggests plausible effects on all these activities due to its deficiency. Therefore, a field trial was set up to assess the efficacy of different levels (control, 0.01 ...
Mehran Ahmad, Syed Attaullah Shah and Shahid Ali*
...ary-July, 2018. Cobb-Douglas type production function was used to estimate effect of important determinants on tomato yield. Results showed that the estimated coefficient of net farming (dummy) is 0.25; implies that tomato yield with net farming is 25 percent more than traditional production technology. DAP, Nitrate and Urea, labor and FYM had positive significant effects on tomato yield. Estimated allocative efficiencies of...
Hong Ma*, Bo Fu, Liang Wang, Zhong-qiu Li and Di Liu*
...ed as being involved in placental formation, and can be modified by epigenetics. However, whether HSPC117 affects development of cloned embryos mRNA expression is unknown. To investigate the influences of HSPC117 on embryonic development, we generated transgenic porcine embryos by handmade cloning. We then assessed the embryonic developmental rate at cleavage and blastocyst stages. Our results showed that the <...
Muhammad Afzal1, Nighat Sultana1, Ali Hassan1, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah2,*, Mahroze Fatima3, Syed Makhdoom Hussain4, Muhammad Bilal5 and Majid Hussain2
...nt resulting in the formulation of four experimental diets. Chromic oxide (1%) was added as an inert marker in the diets to evaluate the nutrient digestibility. Important water quality parameters such as temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen were monitored and maintained within acceptable limits for fish during entire experiment. The findings of the experiment showed improved weight gain%, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), muscle composi...
Junli Sun1,2,3, Lin Bai1 2, Xiaogan Yang1,2, Yangqing Lu1,2, Shengsheng Lu1,2,* and Kehuan Lu1,2,*
...ism.
...
Hafiz Abdul Ghafoor*, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Luqman and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed
...amaging insect pest of a large number of agricultural and horticultural crops in South East Asia. In spite of extensive applications of conventional synthetic pesticides, citrus farmers are unable to get rid of this pest. In order to find out alternate biorational pesticides, this laboratory study was carried out to evaluate few selected novel chemistry insecticidal formulations against 2n...
Imdad Ali Mahmood1, Muhammad Imran2, Muhammad Sarwar1, Matiullah Khan1, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar2, Shoaib Ahmed1 and Shahid Riaz Malik2
...esearch Centre (NARC), Islamabad during 2016-17. Split plot design (main plots with and without inoculation and Zn application in sub-plots) with three replications was followed. Agronomic data i.e., plant height, pods per peduncle, seeds per pod, 100-seed weight, total biomass and grain yield were recorded. Plant samples were collected at maturity to de...
Rabia Khalid1, Saleema Bashir Shams1, Bibi Nazia Murtaza1,*, Gaitee Joshua1, Saira Mushtaq1, Hassan Al-Talhi2 and Abdulaziz Al-Amri2
...ed. The experimental and laboratory values for BMI, total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TG), high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were used to demonstrate the incidence of metabolic syndrome. Overall, 39.025% of bank employees and 22.53% of randomly selected control individuals have metabolic syndrome. Among the bank employees, prevalence of obesity was 67.53% and in general popu
Syeda Shazia Bokhari*, Ghashia Qayyum, Uzma Rafi and Aisha Waheed Qurashi
...tility using microbes isolated from internal and external parts of Lumbricus terrestris Isolates were identified through different biochemical tests and morphological characterization. Bacterial strains were screened and those showing positive results for their adherence ability, autoaggregation and coaggregation response were used for the vermicomposting process. Both of these strains were inocu...
Iram Liaqat1,*, Nazish Mazhar Ali2, Najma Arshad3, Riffat Iqbal1 and Zain-ul-Abideen1
...ay disrupt the protein filament of flagellar apparatus producing significantly controlled biofilm formation which might also be helpful to control clinical infections associated with Desulfovibrio spp.
...
Muhammad Yasin1, Romana Shahzadi1, Muhammad Riaz2, Mahideen Afridi2, Wajya Ajmal3, Obaid Ur Rehman2, Nazia Rehman3, Ghulam Muhammad Ali1,3, Muhammad Ramzan Khan1,2,3*
...e of yield losses in canola. The expression of SHATTERPROOF1/2 (SHP1and SHP2) and FRUITFULL (FUL) MADS-box genes is fundamental to fruit dehiscence zone and valve margin, respectively. The present study was envisaged to isolate the orthologs of SHPs and FUL from local canola “Pakola” and “Punjab Sarsoon 3”, and to study expression...
Tahira Jatt1, Ghulam Sarwar Markhand1, Lane Rayburn2, Ray Ming3, Mushtaque Ahmed Jatoi1 and Ameer Ahmed Mirbahar1,4*
...a monocot and dioecious plant species having uncertain diploidy levels because of scarcity of cytogenetic knowledge. Khairpur district in Sindh is known as the biodiversity center of date palm. Investigations were carried on the chromosome number and karyotype one of the seven indigenous commercial date palm varieties and four wild type date palm of Sindh province, Pakistan by using the traditional Fuelgen squash method. Results indicated that all seven commer...
Amany Adel, Wesam Mady*, Zienab Mosad, Fatema Amer, Asmaa Shaaban, Dalia Said, Marwa Ali Abdel Maged, Abdel-Satar Arafa, Mohamed Kamal Morsi, Mohamed Khalifa Hassan
...ify;">Since the first isolation of the H9N2 low pathogenic avian influenza virus in 2011, the virus has distributed rapidly and widely in different poultry sectors in Egypt causing severe economic losses and the problematic situation in poultry production especially with a co-infection with other circulating pathogens. In this study, 1026 confirmed positive H9N2 cases by RT-PCR out of 23182 different examined samples of diff...
Fazal Wahab1, Naila Chand1, Rifat Ullah Khan1, Nazir Ahmad1, Urooba Parvez2, Zia ur Rehman3 and Shabana Naz4,*
...d egg quality of Rhode Island Red spent layers. A total of 60 spent Rhode Island Red layers were assigned to 4 treatments; FS-0, FS-0.5, FS-0.75, and FS-1 with 3 replicates, each with 5 birds. Birds were kept in cages for 28 days in open sided house. FS-0 was kept as control while treatments FS-0.5, FS-0.75 and FS-1 were provided with fenugreek seed powd...
Wafaa M. Hikal1,2,* and Hussein A.H. Said-Al Ahl3
... of this study was to isolate the pathogen from the dental units and hospital water network and treatment of Acanthamoeba with Trachyspermum ammi essential oil that have the ability to kill cysts. The amoebicidal activity of T. ammi oil was determined in vitro. Out of T. ammi oil showed that, higher concentrations (90 μg/mL after 72 and 96 hrs and 100 μg/mL after 24 and 48 h) was more active, being able to kill 1...
Zhimin Yuan1, Yan Yu2, Yanmei Wang1, Yanzhen Bu1,* and Hongxing Niu1,*
...c to humans. Hypsugo alaschanicus feeds on insects and has a wide geographic distribution in China, and people are in frequent contact with these bats. However, assessing the gut microbiota, especially the potential pathogens, is needed for public health. Thus, this study aimed to explore the microbial diversity of the gastrointestinal tract of H. alaschanicus and to estimate the risk to humans caused by...
Hafiz Abdul Ghafoor*, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Asam Riaz and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed
...ils of eight indigenous plant species for their insecticidal potential against 2nd instar D. mangiferae individuals. Standard twig-dip method was used for toxicity bioassays according to Completely Randomized Design. Mortality of mealybug individuals varied with plant materials and increased along with the extract concentration and exposure time. Botanical extracts of Azadirachta indica (neem) and
Anam Sardar1, Iqbal Javed1, Abdur Rehaman2*, Mudassar Yasin3, Raheel Saqib4, Allah Bakhsh3, Haroon Javaid5 and Muhammad Luqman6
...audi Arabia, UAE and Thailand. Fourth category of future potential markets consists the markets of Germany, Spain, Switzerland, Sweden, Denmark, Austria, Finland, United States of America, Belgium, Netherlands, Canada, Japan, Norway, Poland and Maldives. ...
Hala Mohamed Nabil Tolba1, Naglaa Fathy Saeed Awad1*, Gamelat Kotb Farag Kotb2, Amany Adel3
...sease (IBD) viruses circulating in Egypt during the period of 2017 - 2018. Sixteen pooled bursal tissue samples were collected from IBD suspected (9 Egyptian balady and 7 broiler) chicken flocks located in different localities at Sharkia governorate, Egypt. These samples were subjected for direct detection of a 620 bp hypervariable region in the VP2 gene using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Th...
Ghalia Nawal1, Muhammad Irfan2*, Saira Ashfaq3, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1
...ost suitable production plan involves Sub-merged liquid fermentation in fed batch manner using agricultural wastes. Bacterial lipases are preferred due to their extra cellularity, easy step down approach and practicability of increased productions via technological modifications. They have wide- ranging applications in diverse sectors of the food, medical, cosmetic, detergent sectors and in paper industry which establis...
Mohammed Anas Chowdhury1, Md. Abdul Karim1, Md. Tayfur Rahman1, Shoaibe Hossain Talukder Shefat1, Ashikur Rahman1, Mohammad Amzad Hossain2*
...het Sadar, Northeast Bangladesh. A total of 51 fish species belonging to 16 taxonomic families has been identified. The most abundant family was recorded as Cyprinidae covering 36%, while the least abundant family was Gobidae and Plotosidae comprising 1%. A Shannon-Weaver diversity index was fluctuated between 2 to 2.5 with mean value 2.30±0.14, which reveals exposer to light pollution in study area. The peak Pielou’s evenness index value was 2.2 ...
Amany Adel, Wesam Mady*, Zienab Mosaad, Fatma Amer, Asmaa Shaaban, Dalia Said, Marwa Ali, Abdel-Satar Arafa, Mohamed Kamal Morsi and Mohamed Khalifa Hassan
...ify;">Since the first isolation of the H9N2 low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAI) in 2011, the virus has been distributed rapidly and widely in different Egyptian poultry sectors causing severe economic losses and the problematic situation in poultry production especially with a co-infection with other circulating pathogens. In this study, a total of 23182 cloacal and tracheal samples were collected from suspected case...
Kamran Aziz1*, Aamir Saleem1 and Arshad Mahmood Malik2
... the different elements play their role to decompose the plants parts such as roots, shoots, leaves and other parts. The present study was conducted to estimate the decomposition rate, litter fall production and elemental composition of Cedrus deodara and Pinus wallichiana in the study area Dungagali, Taohidabad, Kuzagali and Khanspur situated around the Ayubia National Park. The research was carried from September, 2016 to ...
Fatima Tufail1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3
...ollution.
...
Huma Naz1*, Sajid Abdullah2, Khalid Abbas2, Muhammad Rizwan Tariq3, Laiba Shafique4, Ghazala Nazeer5
... (CPF) mixture for Catla catla was computed. The genotoxicity of END+CPF mixture in RBCs of fish was also evaluated by comet assay. To check the genotoxicity of END+CPF mixture, blood of fish was sampled after 24-hr of intervals. Some fishes were also kept in clean water known as negative control (NC) and for positive control (PC) cyclophosphamide was injected into fish. The tolerance limits of C. cat
Arshad Mahmood Malik1*, Khalid Mahmood Mughal2 and Abdul Saboor3
...er the world. A Cobb Douglas type hydroponics production system was developed for estimation of production elasticity of hydroponics in Pakistan. Return to scale was calculated by adding all betas, which indicate the stage of production function of hydroponics system. Domestic resource cost indicates relative efficiency of hydroponics products in domesti...
Muhammad Naveed Sheas1, Haris Rasool2, Muhammad Nouman Rafique2, Muhammad Rizwan Tariq1*, Abid Muhammad1, Khubaib Ali1
...nd shows a positive correlation with the days at which the rat’s groups were given a supplemented feed. Total antioxidant capacity and antioxidative stress shows significant results by the selected treatment.
...
Farah Bilal*, Abdulmohsen Alhejaily, Shahida Husnain
...I3K pathway. Being a regulatory gene for RAS, PI3K and EGFR pathways, any change in PIK3CA gene sequence plays vital role in several cancers including lung cancer. Purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of common nucleotide changes (E545K/E542K and H1047R/H1047L) occur in PIK3CA gene in non smoker patients of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Somatic mutational analysis was done by QMC-PCR follo...
Mohsen M. El-Sherbiny1,2,*, Reny P. Devassy1, Erinn M. Muller3, Abdulmohsin A. Al-Sofyani1 and Ali M. Al-Aidaroos1
...iation in the microphytoplankton biomass and diversity as well as the diel variability of the major mesozooplankton taxon, Copepoda was studied with respect to the prevailing hydrographic conditions along the coastal waters of Gulf of Aqaba, Saudi Arabia during the summer period. Conspicuous stratification was evident in the water column while nutrient distribution highlighted the oligotrophic nature of the region. Nitrate s...
Abdul A. Mirani1,2*, Chee H. Teo2, Adel A. Abul-Soad3, Ghulam S. Markhand1, Tahira Jatt1, Ameer A. Mirbahar1,4, Najamuddin Solangi1
...m (Phoenix dactylifera) plants derived from immature inflorescences. In this study, three to four years old field grown tissue cultured date palm plants of cvs. Kashuwari and Gulistan derived from in vitro subculture 1-10 (block I) and 11-25 (block II) in multiplication stage were screened for type and nature of phenotypic abnormalities. Six phenotypic abnormalities were detected: 1) dwarfism, 2) excessive vegetative growth,...
Rana Waqas Arshad1, Asim Aslam1, Muhammad Saeed Imran1, Kamran Ashraf2 and Raheela Akhtar1,*
...compare commercially available vaccines of infectious bursal disease (IBD). Three experimental groups, each having 100 broiler birds were placed in the same environmentally controlled house. Samples of blood and bursa of Fabricius were collected from slaughtered birds after every 7 days till the end of experiment (35 days). The size of bursas and the bursa/body weight ratios were significa...
Amjad Ali1*, Wiqar Ahmad1, Muhammad Zeeshan1, Farmanullah Khan2 and Muhammad Motasim Billah1
...rtility worldwide. Manipulation of this amendment to enhance its role in soil fertility management is a new area of research. In this study, it was applied to soil in three particle sizes (< 2, 2-5 and 5-10 mm) in combination with two commercial biofertilizers; Bizote-N and Rhizogold to lentils during Winter 2015 in an RCB design and the residual effect was evaluated on soil micro-nutrient status and chemical properties after maize harvest in Summer 201...
Shumaila Sadiq1,2*, Abdul Saboor2, Fouzia Jamshaid3, Abdul Qayyum Mohsin2 and Azeem Khalid2
...suggested that weather related hazards, coupled with extreme cold and hot months were much higher in Punjab. Drought impact was found higher in KPK and Balochistan followed by Sindh. Increasing share of small farmers and food insecure population also resulted in an increase in the sensitivity of farming community almost in all agro-climatic zones. Poor farm economy and lack of education we...
Asad Ullah Khan1, Wiqar Ahmad1*, Amir Raza2, Farmanullah Khan3 and Muhammad Sharif3
...ty among genotypes of a plant is responsible for variation in growth, yield and nutrients uptake performance. This research investigated the survival and growth efficiency of the 10 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under sand culture including Batoor-2007, Barsat (NRL 0320), Fakhr-e-Sharhad-99 (FS-99), Tatara-96 (WS 395), Paktunkhwa-15 (PR-103), NIFA Lalma (NRL 0517), Pirsabak 2013, NIFA Insaf (NRL 0707), Shahkar-2015 and Pirsabak 2015 (PR-105). Pots wer...
Muhammad Affan Khan* and Abdur Rab
...tify;">The influence of plant spacing on the growth and seed production of okra varieties was studied at the Horticulture Farm of the University of Agriculture, Peshawar during spring seasons of the years 2012-13. The research experiment was conducted using RCB Design with 2 factors and 3 replications. Five okra varieties viz. Sabz Pari, Arka Anamika, Pusa Sawani, Punjab Selection and Green Star were grown at three plants sp...
Ali Mahmoud Zanaty, Naglaa Mohammed Hagag, Neveen Rabie, Mahmoud Saied, Karim Selim, Saad A. Mousa, Azhar Gaber Shalaby, Abdel-Sattar Arafa and Mohamed Khalifa Hassan
...ped as very virulent NDVclass II of genotype VIIb, 4 samples were of high identity (94%-100%) with NDV class II of genotype II (vaccine strain) and 1 sample was phylogenetically related to NDV class II of genotype I with 98% identity. Furthermore, the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) for selected 5 virulent viruses reveals velogenic features with...
Proceedings of Pakistan Congress of Zoology
...OOLOGY (INTERNATIONAL) Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan...
Umar Hayat1, Khalid Khan2, Saima Liaqat3* and Balach Rasheed2
...ure, it is suggested to plant more trees and arrange different types of awareness campaign through print media and electronic media. It is also recommended to conserve water through the construction of dams and proper irrigation system may be managed on new footings to irrigate more lands to achieve the ultimate objectives of economic growth in Pakistan....
Jie Zhang1,2,*, Baradi Waryani3,4 and Qihai Zhou2,*
...
The icefish Neosalanx tangkahkeii is an endemic species in East Asia. It has a wide range of distribution in Chinese waters including coastal waters, inland lakes, and outflowing rivers south of the Yangtze River and its delta. In order to maintain stable high production of salangids, fertilized eggs from native or introduced popu
Jing Hu1,2, Yan Liu2,3, Gang Yu1,2, Changping Yang2,3, Binbin Shan2,3, Shengnan Liu2,4 and Dianrong Sun2,3,*
...n and caudal complex in blackhead seabream was described under extensive larval rearing conditions from 1DPH to 36DPH. The development of vertebral column originated from the occurrence of neural arch and hypural on 5DPH (SL2.4-3.4mmm, NL1.8-2.4mm), then skeletal ossification and Segmental bone formation occurred on 11DPH (SL3.6-4.0mm, NL2.6-2.8mm) and finished on 21DPH (SL9.6-11.6mm, NL7.4-8.6mm); Neural arch developed earl...
Jingchen Chen, Zhaochao Deng and Zhiqiang Han*
...ntify the phylogenetic relationship of A. personatus to other Perciformes species. Our results clearly demonstrate that the high-throughput sequencing method is the methodology of choice for generating complete mtDNA genome sequences.
...
Lusha Liu1,*, Lei Cheng2, Xingqi Zhang3, Yulong Li1 and Jianping Jiang1,*
.../i>.
...
Tariq Mukhtar1,* and Muhammad Arshad Hussain2
...nd to be positively correlated with the inoculum levels. Likewise, the numbers of galls and egg masses also showed positive correlations with the inoculum levels. Contrarily, a gradual decline in reproductive factors was observed with an increase in the inoculum level and therefore, appeared to be negatively correlated with the latter. It was also observ...
Uzma Jabeen1, Irfan Khan2, Nadia Naeem2, Asmat Salim2,* and Waseem Ahmed1
... drug. Oxidative stress plays an important role in DOX-induced toxicity. This study was aimed at analyzing the expression levels of genes that are induced in response to oxidative stress in heart and liver tissues following DOX administration to rats. In this study, DOX was administered to rats intraperitoneally (i. p.) at 3 mg/kg at alternate days for two weeks. Heart and liver tissues were harvested and the mRNA levels of NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (Nqo...
Zeynep Soyer Sarıca1*, Meryem Eren2 and Meryem Senturk2
...ide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzymes were estimated in the brain tissues of the Sprague Dawley rats. Compared to the control groups, a significant increase in the brain tissue MDA level of the group which received only 10 mg/kg K2Cr2O7 was observed, whereas no statistically significant change was detected in SOD, CAT and GSH-Px enzyme activities. It was further observed that after admi...
Zafar Abbas1*, Muhammad Mubashir1, Umair Riaz1, Zeenat Javid1, Muhammad Ashraf1, Saeed ur Rehman1, Muhammad Javid Qamar1, Syed Ali Zulqadar1 and Shahzada Munawar Mehdi2
...zer. This experiment was laid out in the field area of soil and water testing laboratory for research, Bahawalpur in growing seasons from July to October of 2017. Treatments were arranged in Two factorial Completely Randomized Design CRBD fashion with three replications and six treatments. Treatments are arranged as control T1 (Without fertilizer + No Poultry Manure + No compost), T2 (NPK full dose @ 150 kg ha-1N, 75 kg ha-1...
Sadaf Rahim and Mudassar Iqbal*
...ime. The LC50 value calculated for organic extract obtained from T. harzianum grown on PDB against Diuraphis noxia was 398.69 μg mL-1 after 3 hours with increased potency (237.46 μg mL-1) after 24 hours, whereas against Tribolium castaneum it was 213.85 μgmL-1 after 24 hours while its decreased potential was recorded (1153.5 μg mL-1) after 3 hours. Similar pattern of toxicity level was observed for organic extrac...
Muhammad Shafique, Nosheen Noor Elahi*, Muhammad Rashid, Amjad Farooq and Kausar Hussain Shah
...r soil problem limiting plant growth and development. Application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is effective against this stress. Mung bean is an important crop that is used as food. Present experiment was conducted under natural environment to evaluate the effect of PGPR on biomass production, nitrogen and proteins percentage of four mung bean varieties under different NaCI levels in sand culture after 5,7 ...
Yasir Ali1,2*, Bashir Ahmad1, Naqeebullah Jogezai3 and Adil Hussain1
...tudy was performed to isolate cold active alkaline protease and alkaline active lipase producing psychrotrophic bacteria from water and soil samples collected from different glaciers of Karakorum Range of mountains, Pakistan. Serial dilution and plating approaches were exploited for bacterial isolation and the isolates...
Usman Zubair1*, Anjum Shehzad2, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi3 and Khalid Mahmood1
...localities including Rawalakot, Banbake, Jandali, Pakhar, Kakuta, Mandhol and Bagh (Harighel) using McPhail traps during the years 2016-2017. Specimens were identified up-to species level using taxonomic key by Mahmood and Hassan (2005) and pictorial key by Prabarker (2012). A total of 09 species of fruit fly of family Tephritidae from study sites were identified. Among these nine species, Bactrocera scutellaris, B. tau, B. ...
Shaikh Abdul Lateef, Zhou Lin, Wu Jian, Junjie Qian, Jonathan Hartanto Tan and Zheng Shusen*
...e progress of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) subsequently affecting 250 million human population. Due to the complex viral genome of HBV, complete recovery from hepatitis is not achieved. Epidemiologically, it has been classified into infectious and serum hepatitis. The pattern of disease progression manifests liver inflammation, chronic hepatitis and he...
Wesam Mady*, Nahed Yehia, Mohammed Hassan Elhussieny, Azhar Gaber Shalaby, Moataz Mohamed El Sayed, Neveen Rabie Bakry, Asmaa Shaaban, Abdel Satar Arafa, Afaf Abdel Baset Mahmoud and Wafaa Mohammed Hassan
... the Situation and molecular characterization of HPAIV (H5N8) in backyard poultry production sector in Egypt. In this study, a total of 7505 samples of tracheal swabs representing 1180 backyard poultry flocks were collected based on the surveillance conducted by the GOVS (General Organization for Veterinary Services), Egypt during the period from May 2017 to August 2018. 11 positive cases were confirmed in seven governorates...
Umar Hayat1*, Tariq Shah1, Muhammad Suleman Bacha2 and Muhammad3
...utes 42.3 percent of the labour force and 18.9 percent to GDP of the country. Since its inception, Pakistan’s economy is planning to achieve agricultural-led growth to promote economic stability in the country. The present study is an attempt to examine and analyse the nexus of various sub-sectors of agriculture and their contribution to agricultural growth in the country. Data on key variables such as agricultural gro...
Saeed Murtaza1,*, Nazir Ahmad2, Muhammad Asif Raza3, Muhammad Saleem Akhtar1, Muhammad Mazhar Ayaz4, Muhammad Ali5 and Rais Ahmed6
...es and by an almost circular hyperechoic area in the middle of the organ in transverse images. The epididymal head and body were less echogenic than the testis and were homogeneous; the epididymal tail was heterogeneous, but less echogenic than the testis. In organs with lesions, various lesions included sperm granulomata in the epididymis, testicular degeneration with or without mineralization, testicu...
Samina Qamer1, Farkhanda Asad1*, Amna Faiz1, Robina Arshad1, Zunaira Shaheen1 and Tahira Yasmin2
Munazza Yousra1*, Sair Sarwar1, Muhammad Mahmood Ul Hassan1, Muhammad Zameer khan1, Abdul khaliq2, Shahbaz Ahmad1 and Shamim Ul Sibtain Shah3
...tural Research Centre, Islamabad during 2015-2016 to evaluate the response of maize to different rates of ZnSO4.7H2O and Zn-EDTA in sandy loam soil. Treatments included Zn @ 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 mg kg-1 as ZnSO4.7H2O and Zn-EDTA, arranged in completely randomized design with three replications. In Incubation study, the soil was incubated at 29ºC and field capacity was maintained to compare the release pattern of Zn from both sources. Zn release pattern from both...
Hakim Shah1*, Noor Jehan2, S. Shafiqur Rehman1 and Syed Said Badshah Bukhari1
...study was conducted in Kalam Forest Division (KFD) and Kaghan Forest Division (KaFD), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, with the objectives to assess the climate regimes and changes thereof during the period 1965-2015, and their impacts on ring-widths of Spruce (Picea smithiana), along with comparison of the results inter se the two Forest Divisions. Results indicated that KFD and KaFD had significantly different climate regimes of temperature and precipitation. M...
Ammara Saeed* and Noor-ul-Amin
...re macro nutrients that play major role in growth and development of plants. A Randomize Complete Block Design experiment was laid with split plot arrangement at Ornamental Horticulture Nursery, Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during 2014 and 2015. Cut flower rose cultivars were tested with treatments of 3 levels of phosphorus (30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1) and ...
Gulzhan Аubakirova1,*, Zhanat Adilbekov2, Assylkhan Inirbayev2 and Tanatar Dzhamanbayev1
...g the fish capacity of inland freshwater reservoirs is the transition from the simple exploitation of fish stock to the creation of the highly efficient regulated fishery in lakes and reservoirs. By their potential capacity, small and medium-sized lakes can produce significantly more fish with better quality if regulat...
Tian-Yi Zhao1, Zi-Qing Liu2, Bo Yang1, Qiao Gao1, Hong-Yu Zhang1, Pei-Yu He1, Ming-Hua Duan1* and Yu-Li Yan1*
...t to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of APs in the recovery of anemia. Red blood cell count and hemoglobin level in peripheral blood were measured using a fully automatic blood cell counter. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the changes in red blood cell counts and number of T cells in peripheral blood and the spleen. Western blotting was performed to detect Stat5, Bcl-2, and Cyclin D1 protein expression in peripheral blood.The re...
Tuncay Ateşşahin1,* and Mehmet Cİlbiz2
... in Karakaya Dam Lake (Malatya, Turkey). Field studies were conducted monthly for a total of 48 fishing operations between May 2013 and April 2014 and again from January 2015 to December 2015. Fishing activities were carried out using fishing gear with three spinner colours (yellow, blue or red), three hook sizes (No. 2: 2 cm; No. 3: 3 cm; or No. 4: 4 cm) and in different seasons (spring, summer, autumn or winter) by three anglers. At the end of the study, 336...
Syed Makhdoom Hussain1*, Nisar Ahmad1, Azhar Rasul1, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad2, Muhammad Latif3, Muhammad Zubair Ul Hassan Arsalan1, Muhammad Umair1 and Hafiza Hina Shafqat1
...l parameters of C. catla fingerlings fed nano- Cr particles supplemented sunflower meal based diets. The experiment was consisted on seven test diets on the basis of supplementation of nano Cr graded levels (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 mg Kg-1). Chromic oxide was used as an inert marker. Fingerlings were fed at the rate of 5% of their live wet weight. Maximum improvement in the growth performance (weight gain 197%, FCR 1.49, SGR 1.21 and sur...
Wen-Feng Li1, Rong-Yue Zhang1, Chun-Hua Pu2, Jiong Yin1, Zhi-Ming Luo1, Xiao-Yan Wang1, Xiao-Yan Cang1, Hong-Li Shan1 and Ying-Kun Huang1,*
...es include Apanteles flavipes (Cameron), Sturmiopsis inferens Townsend and Trichogramma sp., which parasitize the sugarcane borer; Synonycha grandis (Thunberg), Lemnia biplagiata (Swartz), Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) and Thiallela sp., which prey on Ceratovacuna la
Shafqat Husnain Khan1, Shah Jahan2, Irshad Ahmad3,4, Sadeeq ur Rahman5,* and Tayyab ur Rehman4,*
...e health problem. Particularly, increasingly reported carbapenem resistance due to carbapenemases is highly worrisome. Literature regarding incidence of class B metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) - producing E. coli has not yet judiciously been addressed. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of carbapenemase- and MBLs-producers among a collection of 100 carbapenem resistant <...
Nazia Qamar* and Sher Khan Panhwar
... lysan (15), S. tala (8), S. tol (344) and Megalaspis cordyla (277) were collected from the commercial catches from July 2013 to March 2015. Fish length and otolith length for five species recorded as S. commersonnianus TLcm = 16.3−88.4, OLcm = 0.3−0.9; S. lysan TL=23.2−73, OL = 0.2−0.7; S. ta
Waqas Raza*, Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar and Muhammad Imran Hamid
...ncidence and severity of late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) of potato was conducted in the major potato growing areas of Punjab viz., Khushab, Sargodha, Sahiwal, Okara, Jhang and Chiniot districts during the cropping seasons of 2016-2017. A total of six districts comprising of three locations in each district were surveyed for the collection of late blight infected samples. During 2016 and 2017, prevalence ...
Naheed Ikram and Nafisa Shoaib*
...present study we have isolated 5 different species of fungi Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium sp. and Fusarium sp. from 14 different genera of commercially important marine fishes Acanthopagrus sp. Parastromateus niger, Nemipterus sp., Pampus argenteus, Ilisha sp., Alepes djedaba, Epinephelus sp., Teraponjarbu...
Muhammad Shahid1, Iram Amin1, Samia Afzal1,*, Zareen Fatima1 and Muhammad Idrees2
...iagnostic centre’s/laboratories of Pakistan for ELISA and PCR tests. Out of 703 dengue positive samples, 93.5% were anti-dengue IgM positive, 71.5% were anti-dengue IgG positive and 81.3% were anti-dengue NS1 positive. Among these seropositive samples, 39.66%, 40.15% and 36.88% were PCR positives, respectively. This immunological and genomic study reveals that there were more seropositive patients than RNA positive ones. Serotype-2 remained the main caus...
Aly Khan1,*, Khalil A. Khanzada1 and S. Shahid Shaukat2
...lities, namely Anjira, Kalat, Khazeena, Khuzdar, Mangochar, Rodeni, Surab and Zehri was conducted in Balochistan. A total of 13 plant nematodes were recorded. Out of these seven nematodes were encountered in only one locality. Most common species in maize fields was found to be Pratylenchus zeae that occurred in 5 out of eight localities, one-way of variance was performed for those nematodes that occurred in two or mo...
Ayub Khan* and Ghaffar Ali
...thern Areas of Pakistan, land degradation caused by soil erosion is a severe problem affecting the livelihood of local people. Agriculture and tourism, the main sources of livelihood of the inhabitants in the area, have been severely hit by this problem. Human activities, such as deforestation, overgrazing and extensive agriculture have made soil resource more vulnerable to rain and flood water. Programs at government and society level are required to control ...
Yan-Bin Zhu1, Wang-Dui Basang1, Zhan-Dui Pingcuo1, Yang-Ji Cidan1, Sang Luo1, Dun-Zhu Luosang1, Yang-La Dawa1 and Guang-Xin E2,3,*
...enetic diversity and population structure estimation on 382 individuals from seven Chinese Tibetan ecotype yak population using twenty-one microsatellites. The results revealed that the HO ranged from 0.4854±0.0194 in NNV to 0.6086±0.0267 in YRY, and the NA ranged from 3.86±1.98 in XMY to 6.05±3.37 in NNV. The least number of markers which deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium within the popu
Shujjah Haider1,*, Ayesha Maqbool1, Tariq Pervez1, Saima Parveen1, Arfan Ahmad2, Zahid Iqbal3, Javed Iqbal3, Shahid Mehmood3, Amanullah Khan4 and Sajid Umar5
... poultry, including mycoplasmosis caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). The distribution pattern of MG in layer flocks is not known in Chakwal. Keeping this in mind, current study was designed to know about distribution of MG. The present study was conducted on 25 commercial layer flocks from different regions of district Chakwal, Pakistan. A t...
Aqsa Javaid and Nageen Hussain*
.../i>gene exon 1 that may clarify the reason of reduction of T regulatory cells (Tregs) due to HIV/AIDS. A total of 25 HIV patients were chosen from the Institute of Public Health on the basis of confirm HIV infection and 25 healthy controls as well. First genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood and then amplified by using specific designed primers. Gradient PCR was performed and the product length was 197 bps whic...
Arif Jan*, Abdul Rab, Haroon, Rooh Ullah, Tauheed Ullah and Ikram Ullah
...uctive biology of S. plagiostomus were studied in this work from February 2014 to January 2015. Fishes were collected from Sheringal valley right from Kumrat thal valley to Chukyatan Dir Upper. Fecundity and Gonado-somatic index was studied using gravimetric to infer about breeding season and reproductive potential. The mean value of absolute fecundity recorded was 14670.39 while mean value of relative fecundity was n...
Qudrat Ullah1,8,*, Huma Jamil1, Laeeq Akbar Lodhi1, Zafar Iqbal Qureshi1, Shakeeb Ullah1, Tariq Jamil2, Iahtasham Khan3, Shahbaz Bashir4, Qudratullah5, Inamullah Wazir6, M. Abdus Sallam1 and Muhammad Zubair7
...farms located in Gujranwala, Pakistan. The samples were analysed by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and by indirect-Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (iELISA). The overall seroprevalence was found to be 28.90 and 27.86% by RBPT and iELISA, respectively. Previous history of animal reproductive disorders was found to be significantly associated (P=0.0056) with seropositivity of the infection. Age, sex, parity,
Hui Wang1, Lin Wang1, Xuanlu Li1, Shanshan Li1, Yongqiang Zhao2, Shicheng Lv2, Xinrong Xu1, Guang Yang1 and Bingyao Chen1,*
...ds Nature Reserve is the largest coastal nature reserve in China. The environmental capacity of its core zone of 225.96 km2 area is approaching saturation, and more and more birds have begun to utilize the buffer zone. We conducted a line transect survey in December 2010 to estimate bird density and evaluate the importance of the buffer zone. As a result, 34 protected species among the 4975 individuals were sighted, including 127 red-crowned cranes ...
Asima Azam1, Asma-Ul-Husna2, Saima Qadeer3, Qaisar Shahzad4, Rabea Ejaz1, Nemat Ullah5, Tasneem Akhtar4 and Shamim Akhter2,*
...ned from the ovaries of slaughtered buffaloes within two hours after slaughter and brought to laboratory. After in vitro maturation (IVM) in Tissue Culture Medium-199 (TCM199) for 24 h and fertilization (IVF) in Tyrode’s Albumin Lactate Pyruvate (TALP) medium for about 20 h, the presumptive zygotes were randomly distributed into 6 culture groups; Group I: Synthetic Oviductal F...
Zil-e-Huma1, 2, Abdul Malik Tareen3, Kaleem Ullah3, Tauseef M Asmat4,Abdul Samad4, Asim Iqbal2, Mohammad Zahid Mustafa3*,Irshad Ahmad5 and Sadeeq ur Rahman6
...a. E. coli was isolated using standard biological procedures and confirmed by colonial characteristics, biochemical profile and specie specific PCR. Multiplex PCR was applied to differentiate among the five main diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes (enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). R...
Aftab Shaukat1,*, Khalid Medmood3, Irfan Shaukat2, Tauseef ur Rehman3, Muhammad Ahsan Naeem1,5, Ashar Mehfooz1, Muhammad Ijaz Saleem1, Zia-ud-Din Sindhu1, Shahid Ali Rajput4, Mubashar Hassan1,4, Saqib Umar1, Muhammad Ali Jamil1, Rao Zahid Abbas1 and Anas Sarwar Qureshi1
...rent study, prevalence related associated risk factors and hematological changes (due to bovine anaplasmosis) were studied in Sahiwal cattle and crossbred cattle of the district Faisalabad of Punjab province, Pakistan. Therapeutic efficiency of Oxytetracycline-Imidocarb dipropionate combination was compared with Enrofloxacin-Imidocarb dipropionate against Anapla...
Salahud Din1,*, Saima Masood1, Hafsa Zaneb1, Habib Ur Rehman2, Saima Ashraf1, Imad Khan3, Muqader Shah4 and Syed Abdul Hadi1
... adult chinkara (Gazella bennettii). The tarsus of chinkara comprises of five bones both grossly and radiographically, settled in three transverse rows viz, tibial and fibular tarsal in the proximal, central and fourth fused tarsal in the middle row, while, the first, second and third fused tarsal in the distal row. The fibular tarsal is the large...
Attaullah Khan Pathan1, Imran Ali Rajput1*, Agha Mushtaque Ahmed2, Muhammad Waseen Kalroo1, Muhammad Munir Shahid4, Abdul Qadir Baloch3 and Faheem Ahmed Rajput2
...imum parasitoid mean population 175.85±0.16 was recorded from Sanghar and lowest population 139.42±0.45 from Umerkot district. The highest population was recorded in the month October. Highest number of Bracon gelechiae found than other in all selected districts. Parasitoids were active during the month of November. ...
Khalid P. Loneand Irfana Liaqat*
...ere unrestricted and lobular. The maximum GSI (2.89±0.25) was seen in June when the photoperiod and temperatures were highest, while the lowest GSI was seen in October (0.09±0.01). The start of the monsoon rains was a cue for final maturation and spawning and by the middle of July; the testes were already declining and reached the minimum point in October. Both photoperiod and temperature have a strong influence on completion and regression of th...
Raja Imran Hussain* and Iqra Yousaf
...ral and non-agricultural land). It was also expected that trapping in non-agricultural land and human dwellings could reduce wheat damage. 30 trap stations were placed in each cropland, non-agricultural land and human dwellings for twelve months. Rodent abundance was high in cropland...
Unal Kilic1*, Abdiwali Mohamoud Abdi1 and Deniz Ekinci2
...P enzyme treatments (Available –Not Available) and 4 different treatment groups (control, 4% urea, 10% molasses and 14% urea+molasses (4% urea, 10% molasses). Hohenheim gas test was used in in vitro gas production measurements while infrared methane analyzer was used to determine methane production. The ex...
Asad Ali Khaskheli1*, Gulfam Ali Mughal1, Gul Bahar Khaskheli2, Allah Jurio Khaskheli3, Arshad Ali Khaskheli4, Abdul Samad Magsi5, Ghulam Shabir Barham2, Arab Khan Lund5 and Maqbool Ahmed Jamali4
...eiodes and Ziziphus nummularia possessed significantly high concentration of crude protein. Further the Prosopis juliflora against Zea mays, in Acacia nilotica versus Alhagi maurorum, in Tamarix orientalis versus Trifolium alexandrinum, Tamarix gallica versus Cordia sinensis (Linn.) crude protein content existed statistically non-significant, but each of above set varied significantly to one another. Trifolium alexandrinum and Zea mays though had statistically...
Ghaleb Adwan*, Sami Bdir and Kamel Adwan
... species.
...
Khansa Nazir1,*, Tariq Mukhtar1 and Humayun Javed2
...nces, the management of plant parasitic nematodes using nanoparticles can be one of the important alternatives. In the present study, the nematicidal activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) was investigated against the most destructive root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). The maximum mortality of juveniles was recorded at a concentration of 100 mg/ml followed by 75 mg/ml of AgNP. The minimum mortality was recorded with 25 mg/ml of AgNP. With the ...
Riyadh S. Aljumaah1, Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1,*, Moez Ayadi1 and Abdullah H. Alyemni2
...ucted to investigate the lambing rate, lamb growth and survivability of newborn lambs of pregnant Najdi ewes fed two different total mixed rations (TMR) with different levels of energy and protein viz. higher protein than recommended by National Research Council (1985; TMR1), and higher energy than National Research Council (1985; TMR2) compared with the traditional feeding system of barle...
Nida Zia1, *, Ayesha Maqbool2, Muhammad Safdar3, Umm-I-Habiba1, Altaf Mehmood4, Muhammad Usman5, Zahid Iqbal6, Javed Iqbal6, Shahid Mehmood6, Amanullah Khan7 and Sajid Umar8
...ns revealed the high similarity and close clustering with FAdV-4 and FAdV-11 strains isolated from neighboring countries, suggesting geographic and temporal relationships among these strains. This evidence emphasizes the need of further detailed and more systemic approaches to evaluate FAdVs diffusion and characterization to design effective control strategies.
...
Mujahid Niaz Akhtar* and Amjad Farooq
... (PBW, SBW, and ABW) population was lowest in April and May whereas the highest values were observed in September and October. Correlation between abiotic factor and bollworms infestation depicted non-significant negative correlation with rainfall and evening relative humidity while negative significant with minimum temperature. Linear regression equatio...
Comparison of Yolk Fatty Acids in Market Available Black-bone Chicken Eggs and Ordinary Chicken Eggs
Suhu Duan, Liuan Li*, Zaiqiang Li, Mengran Qin, Zhenzhen Fan, Keyan Zhang, Qian Wang, Zhongmou Zhang, Bailiang Yang
... of the commercially available ordinary chicken eggs and Brand A and Brand B black-bone chicken eggs, thus providing theoretical and practical references for selective consumption of chicken eggs. The results have shown that a total of 18 types of fatty acids are detected in 3 types of chicken egg yolk, including 6 types of saturated fatty acids (SFA), 12 types of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), 6 types of monounsaturated fat...
Asad Abdullah, Muhammad Irfan Ullah*, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza, Muhammad Arshad and Muhammad Afzal
...re. Suitability of host plants is critical for the efficient management of this economically important insect pest. We studied the effect of various host plants on the growth, development and fecundity of S. litura. The larvae of S. litura were offered leaves of cabbage, alfalfa, sesbania and, maize in comparison to artificial diet under la...
Muhammad Waheed Mushtaq1,*, Muhammad Waqar Younas2, Jamil Anwar2, Syed Mustansar Abbas3 and Shahid Bashir3
...ferent enzymes (alpha-amylase, cellulase and pectinase) from aqueous system has been studied by applying novel concept of unidirectional freezing. To separate the enzymes from their aqueous system, directional freezing was applied horizontally through synthetic enzyme contaminated water samples, called radial freezing. After complete freezing, the samples were collected from various sections of the frozen mass and concentrat...
Naimat Ullah1, Sarzamin Khan2, Muhammad Mobashar3, Shahbaz Javaid4*, Tarique Tonio1 and Asif Mahmood5
...rent research study was planned to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of fat on productive and reproductive performance, and semen quality of Friesian Sahiwal crossbred bulls during summer season. A total of 24 Friesian Sahiwal crossbred bulls at nearly similar age and body weight were selected and allotted erratically into 3 treatment groups, denoted as A, B and C for a period of 2 months (May and June). Each...
Emre Barlas1 and Elif Yamaç2,*
...conservation management plans.
...
Jae-Kang Lee, Hyun-Su Hwang, Tae-Kyung Eom and Shin-Jae Rhim*
... a tree thinned Japanese larch Larix kaempferi plantation in Mt. Maehwa, Hongcheon, South Korea. The mid-story, understory and ground vegetation coverage, the number of standing and downed trees ha-1 and the volume of downed trees ha-1 were significantly different between the pre- and post-thinning sessions. Mean density of Apodemus agrarius, A. peninsula...
Ali Mujtab Shah1,2,3, Muhammad Naeem2, Muhammad Giasuddin Shah2, Muhammad Haaroon2, Quanhui Peng1 and Zhisheng Wang1,*
...ed randomly from the available stock and divided into 3 groups, each of 5 calves. The median birth weight (kg) ± S.D of calves fed by ST, NP and NS were recorded as 28.68±1.16, 28.44±0.67 and 28.56±1.13, respectively. Results of this study showed that the serum IgG levels and body weight gain were significantly (p < 0.05) different among the groups, the greater levels were observed in ST (15.74±0.29 mg/ml) as compar...
Azeem Haider1, Muhammad Mohsin Alam2*, Azhar Ali Khan3 and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar3
...urotus ostreatus (L.) isolates to treat pulp and paper industrial effluent on a shake flask were studied. In the shake flask studies, Pleurotus ostreatus (L.) decolorized the effluent 69.68 %, on 7th day of incubation. Various cultural conditions including different glucose concentrations, nitrogen sources, pH, temperature and incubation period influence on biomass and different enzymes vi...
Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar, Muhammad Imran Hamid, Mubashar Raza, Waqas Raza*, Misbah Iqbal Qamar
...s promote growth of the plants and commercially used as bio-fungicide against soil borne plant pathogens. The present study was conducted with the aim to determine the efficacy of Trichoderma species using dual culture and pot assays against Phytophthora infestans (late blight) and Fusarium oxysporum (wilt) of tomato on different compost including carbon rich compost, nitrogen rich compost...
Constance Obiageli Ejilibe1, Helen O. Nwamba2, Ifeanyi Chinedu Atama3,*, Chiamaka Lynda Ani2, Ifeanyi Oscar Aguzie3, Josephine C. Madu3 and Christopher Didigwu Nwani3
...responses of Bufo regularis tadpoles exposed to two widely used agricultural pesticides, Butaforce® and Termex®. The Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total protein (TP) concentrations in homogenized muscle samples was determined by standard procedures. ALT, AST and ALP increased significantly in response to concentrations of ...
Hafiz Suboor ul Hassan and Saira Malik*
.../div>...
Rashid Iqbal1,2, Mathias Neumann Andersen1*, Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza2, Muhammad Adil Rashid1 and Salman Ahmad2
... world. Drought or unavailability of water may seriously limit plant growth as well as yield. A pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of various irrigation strategies i.e. Full (FI), deficit (DI) and partial root-zone drying (PRD) on physiological, water relations, water use efficiency (WUE), and yield related attributes of wheat. These ...
Zubaria Malik, Zahir Shah* and Muhammad Tariq
...iota specifically arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have received less attention. This study was therefore executed to assess the effect of biochar amendment on AMF in soil and roots of wheat and maize crops in a rotation experiment involving cereals {wheat (Triticum aestivum), maize (Zea mays L.)} and legumes {chickpea (Cicer arientinum), mungbean (Vigna radiata)} in a calcareous alkaline soil of Peshawar valley during 2015/16 and 2016/17. This study was con...
Muhammad Tariq Adnan Khan*, Tariq Mukhtar and Muhammad Saeed
...ivars viz. Round Black, Short Purple, Brinjal PPL, Global Brinjal PPL and Namyal Ratchburi behaved as susceptible. All the cultivars behaved differently regarding formation of galls, egg masses, number of eggs per egg mass and reproductive factor. Maximum galls, egg masses, eggs per egg mass and reproductive factors were observed on Round Black followed by Global Brinjal PPL and the minimum were recorded on cultivar B...
Muhammad Noman, Yong Tong Mu*, Muhammad Mohsin, Aamir Mahmood Memon and Muhammad Talib Kalhoro
...), Schaefer (S-M) and Pella-Tomlinson (PT-M) along with three error assumptions (EAs), log (L-EA), log normal (LN-EA) and gamma (G-EA), were used in CEDA while two SPMs, Fox (F-M) and logistic (L-M) were used in ASPIC. In CEDA, for initial proportion (IP) 0.9, F-M for L-EA and LN-EA estimated maximum sustainable yield (MSY) as 2593 t and 2282 t. However, G-EA produced minimization failure (MF). Estimated MSY for L-EA and LN-EA through S-M and PT-M were remaine...
Xiaopeng Tang1,2, Rejun Fang3,4,*, Guochang Pan1,2 and Kangning Xiong1,2,*
...ystem. First, four Loman laying hens with similar weight (1.25±0.13 kg) were sacrificed to detect the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity of isolated small intestine at time on 0 min, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min and 120 min, to provide a appropriate operation time for Ussing chamber test. Then, a total of 20 Loman la
De-Yong Zhang1, Xiao-Lu Xu1,*, Qin Ruan2, Xiu-Ying Shen3 and Yin Lu1
...S for 90 days for testicular observation and spermatogenesis evaluation. PFOS ≥ 11 mg/kg (accumulative dosage) resulted in visible histopathological changing in testis, including disorder and vacuolization of spermatogenic cells. Changed testicular organ coefficient (for dosage ≥ 55 mg/kg), decreased sperm concentration (for 110 mg/kg dosage), decreased motility (for 110 mg/kg dosage...
Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed1,2,*
...lity after ovarian transplantation upon dietary supplementation of 1.0 and 2.0% of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) oil to female mice and secondly to explore if dietary N. sativa is effective in alleviation of hypothermia and hyperglycemia due to general anesthesia. Seventy-five albino female mice (21.74 ± 0.19) were distributed into three groups; control (G1; N=25; not receive N. sativa oil) an...
Kun Wang1,2, Yinglin Cui2, Xu Zhao2 and Changjiang Hu1*
...ration of stereotaxic collagenase type VII into the caudate nucleus. XN (at a high dose and a low dose of 3.60g·kg-1 and 1.80g·kg-1, respectively) was administered via enema. The detection of neuronal apoptosis was measured by TUNEL assay. Using immunofluorescence, the expression of claudin-5, ZO-1 and VE-cadherin was detected. The expression of DNA methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3b) and Matrix...
Qihang Liu1,2, Yueli Jiang1, Jin Miao1, Zhongjun Gong1, Tong Li1, Yun Duan1 and Yuqing Wu1*
... after orange light stimulation. Results showed that after 10, 20, and 40 min of 1000 lx post-orange light stimulation, locusts visual response intensity was stimulated by green, violet, and blue lights. However, post-64600 lx orange light stimulation for 30, 20, and 10 min, the response intensity was the strongest. Moreover, orange light affected locust...
Muhammad Saeed1,2,*, Tariq Mukhtar1 and Malik Abdul Rehman3
...div>The study of the population dynamics of citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) in a production area is required for the assessment of damaging potential of the nematode to citrus, identification of key factors that influence population densities, and to devise effective management strategies. In the present study, seasonal fluctuations in the population densities of T. s...
Qiuxia Lei1, 2, Haixia Han1, 2, Jinbo Gao1, 2, Yan Zhou1, 2, Wei Liu1, 2, Chunlei Wang3, Jie Liu1, 2, Dingguo Cao1, 2, Huimin Li1 , Baohua Huang1,* and Fuwei Li1, 2, *
...espectively. Three weeks later, the content of the ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were decreased to 0.3 ppm and 0.6 ppm respectively. Total N, P and K were increased gradually with time, whereas the content of ammonium nitrogen was decreased. SAS software analysis showed that there was no significant difference in H2S, CO2 and NH3 between the three groups (p>0.05), the same results show...
Chukwuemeka Calistus Okolo1*, Ikenna Onyema Ezeh2, Chinelo Nnenna Uju3 and Nwakaego Ernestina Nweze1
..., groups A and B had similar serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine levels as group D. The serum malondialdehyde and catalase levels were similar in groups A--D. Therefore, treatment with the probiotics, while enhancing clearance of trypanosomes did not improve the antioxidative and clinical outcome of th...
Obaidul Islam*, Shameema Khatun and Mustasim Famous
Muhammad Amin1,2*, Khalid Mahmood2 and Imran Bodlah3
...welling aphids in particular have received much less attention in Pakistan with to-date no work reported from Azad Kashmir-Pakistan, where natural tree flora abounds and silviculture is common. Surveys conducted during 2015-2016 in the Poonch Division of Azad Kashmir-Pakistan, yielded 24 aphid species in 14 genera, representing subfamilies, Aphidinae, Lachninae, Calaphidinae, Hormaphidinae and Chaitophorinae, infesting 28 tr...
Zeshan Siraj1*, Amjad Farooq1 and Zahid Mehmood2
...cted to find out the population dynamics of Jassids in relation to climatic factors (air temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) on different cultivars of Bt. cotton from May-November 2011 -May-November 2013 at cotton research institute, Multan, Pakistan, Jassids appeared in 21st Standard Meteorological Week(SMW)and attain its peak in 36th SMW. Maximum and minimum mean popu
Durr-e-Nayab*, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil, Fida Mohammad and Shad Khan Khalil
...ormal (November, 10) and late (December, 15) planting environment using a triplicate Randomized Complete Block design. Genotype × environment interac tion across the two environments was significant for spikes plant-1, spikelets spike-1, grains spike-1, spike density, 1000-grain weight and grain yield plant-1. Line × tester interaction effec...
Haidar Ali1, Malik Muhammad Shafi1*, Himayatullah Khan1 and Hamra Haidar2
...r equal to two (2) acres land (59.32 hours/week), more than two (2) acres but less than or equal to three (3) acres land (41.86 hours/week), more than three (3) acres but less than or equal to four (4) acres land (33.97 hours/week) and more than four (4) acres land (25.62 hours/week). The study suggests that there should be no barriers for the entrance ...
Hafiza Mehwish Iqbal1, Shahid Yousaf1, Salman Khurshid1*, Qurrat Ul Ain Akbar1, Saqib Arif1, Nasreen Fatima2 and Ali Murad Rahoo3
...Pakistan. Its quality is largely influenced by postharvest handling and conditions that imparts huge economic and health implications when not been addressed properly. This study has been attempted to assess the quality of citrus in terms of postharvest physiological disorders and organoleptic properties in relation to the occurrence of pathogenic diseases. Fruit samples (injured and healthy) were taken from the three differ...
Sikander Ali1, Muhammad Kamil Malik1, Muhammad Zubair1*, Muhammad Jawad Saleem2, Kanwal Hanif2 and Saira Azmat3
...ficant emphasis is being laid upon saving the crop from insect pests infestation. Scientists are continuously striving their best for improving the quality of the produce. Therefore, the present study was conducted during 2014-15 to evaluate the efficacy of different insecticides against the mustard aphid; responsible for huge yield losses in Brassica juncea. Maximum mortality of mustard aphid was caused by nitenpyram (96.24%) followed by carbosulfan (9...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1*, Taiba Sharif3, Samina J.N. Ahmad2, Sumaira Maqsood4 and Fariha Zafar3
...p;
...
Adel E.M. Mahmoud1, AdamCieślak2, Paulina Szulc2, Anna Łukomska3 and Małgorzata Szumacher-Strabel2,*
...f partial or complete replacement of corn grains by dried sugar beet pulp on rumen parameters. The yellow corn was substituted by dried sugar beet pulp at 25 (D1), 50 (D2), 75 (D3), and 100% (D4). Results of chemical composition analyses indicated that DM, OM, ash and CP contents did not differ among treatments. Crude fiber content increased linearly with increased dried sugar beet pulp percentage in rations, with significant differences in D2, D3 and D4. Cont...
Nouf Alharbi*, Mai Elobeid and Promy Virk
...ms of cadmium (Cd) accumulation in liver and hair, blood profile, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in liver, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver and serum, and histopathological evaluation of liver and kidney. Results showed that low dose of quercetin was significantly (p≤0.05) more effective than the high dose. Low dose was more efficacious in reducing Cd accumula
Rizwan Ahmad and Muhammad Zulfiqar*
...uctivity of crops particularly in rainfed areas. Climate change related research remained a poorly investigated area in KP and instant study filled that gap by investigating farmers’ perceptions and adaptation about change in climate and impact of change in climate on wheat productivity in Lakki Marwat. A combination of multi-stage sampling and simple random sampling used to select five Union Councils (UCs), one vil
Sanaullah and Urooba Pervaiz*
...ral Extension trainings play a crucial role in agricultural development of the rural community. The current study was intended to investigate the effect and role of extension trainings in the improvement of main agricultural crops and vegetables in Bajaur Agency of Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) during the year 2016-17. The study was based on primary data collected from 166 sample respondents who got training from Bajaur Area Development Program (B...
Application of Water Quality and Pollution Tolerance Indexes as Effective Tools for River Management
Joyce Osarogie Odigie*
...habitants of Agemokpa village in Ovia East Local Government Area of Edo State, as they are fully dependent on it for agricultural and domestic use, bringing its ecological integrity to question. These anthropogenic effects result in the deteriorating quality of the water, which hampers the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates and may be hazardous to the health of the inhabitant that consumes it on a daily basis. The goal of this study was to assess the e...
Zara Ahmad1*, Fazli Rabbi2, Muhammad Zamin3, Bushra Kiran2, Tariq Shah2 and Shahzad Kouser4
...n in the off-season. Similarly, the cost of seed for on-season bitter guard production is 10% higher than the cost of seed for the off-season. It is concluded that off-season vegetable production is more profitable than on-season vegetable production in Punjab, Pakistan. It is recommended that farmers may be facilitated by the relevant authorities for growing the off-season vegetable production. The farmers should be provided with the necessary requirements fo...
Muhammad Waqas, Shahid Ali*, Syed Attaullah Shah and Ghaffar Ali
...unkhwa, Pakistan remains larger (55.6%) as compared to irrigated area (44.4%) for the last four decades. This study therefore analysed supply response of unirrigated wheat in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during 1981-2017. Data was obtained from Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Development Statistics of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Pakistan Meteorological Department, Peshawar. ADF and PP tests of stationari...
Aftab Khan1, Shahid Ali1, Murtaza1, Sufyan Ullah Khan2 and Syed Attaullah Shah1
...rview schedule. Cobb-Douglas type production function was modelled to estimated allocative efficiencies of individual inputs used in maize production. The estimated allocative efficiencies of Urea and DAP were 3.24 and 2.04, respectively. This implies that these inputs were underutilized that might be due to poor farming skills of the sampled respondents, lack of information regarding application of such inputs and
Muhammad Ashfaq* and Inayatullah Jan
...ording to the ecological landscape, KP is divided into three climatic regions; the northern climatic region, the central climatic region, and the southern climatic region. The study uses Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model for maize crop in KP. This study reveals that the impacts of climatic variables are increasing from the southern climatic region to the northern climatic region. The study also reveals that any negative shock to the crops productivit...
Mehwish Kiran1, Muhammad Saleem Jilani1, Kashif Waseem1*, Muhammad Sohail Khan1, Fazal Haq2, Muhammad Amjad Nadim3, Ghazanfar Ullah3 and Salma Shaheen4
...for leaves’ count plant-1, leaf length (cm), leaves weight (g plant-1), root size (length & diameter), root weight (g plant-1), total biomass (g plant-1), root yield (t ha-1) were collected and analysed. Results showed significant improvement in almost all studied parameters with the application of NPK and different organic manures. Highest mea...
Naveed Afsar* and Muhammad Idrees
...s in their fields on regular basis, and Government should promote information technology in order to properly disseminate the climate change knowledge. ...
Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Afzal1, Mian Anjum Murtaza2, Ejaz Ahraf3, Zahoor Hussain4, Syed Muhammad Ali Zahid1 and Maryam Riaz1
...LM), Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) is among the serious insect pests attacking citrus plants in Pakistan. The study was conducted to quantify the leaf area damage of eight citrus cultivars caused by mining activity of CLM during summer 2016. The total leaf area and mine area per leaf were calculated by the image analysis m...
Tanzeela Riaz1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2,*, Hareem Mansoor1, Sana Khan1 and Mushtaq A. Saleem1
... insect pests of many amylaceous stored products. Its control has become difficult due to the emergence of resistance against almost all the known insecticides and fumigants. The development of resistance can be delayed by using binary combinations of insecticides. Keeping in view the importance of synergism as well as the concerns about environmental hazards and emergence of resistance against these insecticides, the curren...
Gul Afshan1,2,*, Soumble Zulfiqar2, Sumaira Mehboob2, Muhammad Tahir Javed Khan1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori2,*
...ally occur in common population while the specific differences are present only in some cases. The 3D structure of E2 was determined. Protein docking with appropriate ligand revealed that V342 and L349 residues were involved in the ligand binding. Interaction of HCV3a infected human sera with HCV3a E2 purified protein was carried out through Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) using HCV antihuman conjugated protein. It was confirmed that the HCV3a E2 pur...
Chen-Yu Sun, Wen-Chao Liu*, Mei Xiao, Zhi-Hui Zhao and Li-Long An*
...ear, P<0.05), serosal layer thickness, muscular thickness, and wall thickness of duodenum (quadratic, P<0.05), and the serosal layer thickness and wall thickness of jejunum were also improved by inclusion of different level of betaine (cubic, P<0.05). Moreover, dietary supplementation of betaine increased the length of ileum (quadratic, P<0.05). In conclusion, the betaine could...
Tahir Iqbal1, Umer Rashid1*, Naveed Shahzad2, Amber Afroz1, Muhammad Faheem Malik3 and Muhammad Idrees4
...f our knowledge the circulation of aHEV in chicken has not been studied in Pakistan so far. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to isolate and identify aHEV from layer chickens of Pakistan. The bile fluids, liver and spleen tissues were collected from overnight dead layer chickens (n = 8) from Pattoki region of Punjab province, Pakistan, during Jul...
Syed Muhammad Hassan Raza1*, Syed Amer Mahmood1, Syeeda Areeba Gillani1, Syed Shehzad Hassan1, Muneeb Aamir1, Muhammad Saifullah1, Mubashar Basheer1, Atif Ahmad1, Saif-ul-Rehman2 and Tariq Ali1
... by applying supervised classification to 15 bands composite. The satellite extracted areas under rice cultivation, were compared with CRS reported areas by applying linear regression and generated the regression equation. The NDVI of rice crop in 2018 was 0.72 and the predicted yield was estimated as 2.05 ton/ha. Satellite derived rice area in 2018 was 689580 ha, which was substituted in the regression equation to predict the CRS based area that was 654966 ha...
Sajjad Ali1, Atta-ur-Rahman1 and Sher Ali2*
... of built environment on land use of tehsil Takht Bhai, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, for the period of 1985-2015. Spatial techniques like Geographic information system and remote sensing are used to detect land use changes. This study is carried out at three levels; initially the whole tehsil is studied for land use change analysis by comparing 1985 and 2015 Landsat images. Secondly, four sample un...
Abir Ishtiaq and Muhammad Naeem*
...otein requirement for Catla catla (Thaila) in a polyculture system was conducted. Four experimental diets containing graded levels of protein (15, 20, 25 and 30%) were tested. Triplicate groups of C. catla stocked in outdoors earthen ponds at 2000 fish/acre were fed at 4% of body weight, 2 times a day, for 180 days. The investigation was spread over thre...
Muhammad Ilyas* and Fida Mohammad
...re, newly developed germplasm or genotypes needs to be evaluated in multi-environment trials (METs) to know yield potential and adaptability. This experiment was designed to interpret GE interaction using 55 F5:8 bread wheat recombinant inbred lines (RILs) with five checks. Experimental material was planted using alpha lattice design in two replicates at Peshawar (E1and E5), Kohat (E2 and ...
Salma Javed1, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1, Irfan Ullah2, Sadia Tabassum1,*
...e (24.2%) because of the lack of awareness about the disease, while Torghar exhibited the lowest prevalence (12.4%). The sociodemographic factors were analyzed one by one to assess their association with the disease. Smoking having OR=1.47, 95%CI=1.07-2.02 and P=0.0173 as well as a high level of stress having OR=1.27, 95%Cl=2.16-4.22 and P<0.0001were found more allied with the disease as these factors increase insulin resistance of the body cells and act as...
Wajid Khan* and Raziuddin
...t nearly 3 billion US dollars each year to feed 220 million people. This situation demands serious efforts to develop new lines/ hybrids with better yields. Rapeseed is the second largest contributor in domestic edible oil industry. Keeping in view the lower yield of rapeseed in Pakistan especially in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa this study was conducted to investigate genetic variability and heterosis in eight rapeseed genotypes for ...
Maliha Ayub1, Muhammad Javed1, Fariha Latif 1*, Faiza Ambreen2, Komal Sabir1
...bsp;
...
Mustasim Famous*, Obaidul Islam, Shameema Khatun, Mohammed Mustafizur Rahman and Tania Ferdoushi
...f Sylhet district of Bangladesh. Data were collected from 6 turkey farms under the Sylhet region. The observation was taken of status of farmers, source of technical support, the turkey flock size (according to age variation), feed intake, housing system, feeding system, quantity of feed supplied to each turkey/day, floor space, feeder space, waterer space uses in turkey marketing age, weight, price of turkey. Among 6 farms only 66% of farms maintain a common ...
Matiullah Khan*, Shameemul Sibtain Shah, Atiqullah Khan, Muhammad Sarwar and Shoaib Ahmed
...ltural Research Center Islamabad to evaluate the availability of P from different particle size of Hazara rock phosphate (HRP) by manual preparation of Single Super Phosphate (SSP) through the procedure already established by the author and testing its efficacy in comparison to DAP on rainfed wheat. Almost 50 bags of SSP were prepared using formula “100 kg of indigenous HRP with tota...
Exogenous Application of Calcium Improved the Vegetative Attributes and Corm Production in Gladiolus
Masood Ahmad* and Abdur Rab
...="text-align: justify;">Gladiolus is commercially important flowering plant famous for its excellent flowers worldwide. In order to meet the high demand for its quality plants especially cut flowers. Gladiolus is commercially propagated by corms. The quality and health of corm is one of the important factors that affect the production and quality of g
Muhammad Sharif1*, Sadullah1, Ghulam Rasool2, Muhammad Nasir Khan1, Zubair Rehman1, Ahmed Khan2, Ijaz Ahmad3 and Khalid Hussain4
...e serious challenges for land and crop production in the upland of Balochistan. It is important to explore an alternative farming system which improves soil properties, environment friendly and provide sufficient crop yield. Conservation tillage system is successfully practiced worldwide as a resource conserving techniques. Therefore, an experiment was conducted under the treatments, i.e. ...
Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi1*, Ibtasam Riaz2, Syed Muneeb Haider2, Arfan Ahmed Gilal3, Anjum Shehzad4, Ahmed Zia4 and Abdul Rauf Bhatti4
...">Passionvine mealybug, Planococcus minor has caused severe losses to many important crops and vegetables. However, many natural enemies, particularly predators have demonstrated key influence on its population regulation. Thus, this laboratory study was conducted to evaluate feeding potential of two coccinellid predat...
Zijuan Li1,2, Rong Ma2, Muhammad Khan3*, Chenchen Liu2, Xiaolin Cui2 and Yongming Li1,2*
...ed. In the meantime, cisplatin (CDDP) is the first line treatment for some tumors. The present study was aimed to explore the cellular targets and anticancer mechanism of piceatannol in human osteosarcoma U2OS cells. Cell proliferation was measured using CCK-8 assay and colony forming assay. Flow cytometry was used to determine apoptosis and cell cycle profile. Western blot was used to measure the expression of various prote...
Abdul Waheed1,2, Sidrah Saleem1, Naveed Shahzad3, Junaid Akhtar4, Muhammad Saeed5, Iqra Jameel1, Farhan Rasheed6 and Shah Jahan7,*
...v>The present study was planned to detect drug resistant genes like “blaSHV” and “blaOXA” among gram negative rods (GNRs) isolated from different clinical specimens, collected from Jinnah Hospital Lahore during January-December 2015. Majority of the GNRs were isola
Fiza Asif1,*, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Nasra Ashraf1, Nuzhat Shafi1, Abdul Rauf1, Khizra Bano1, Muhammad Razzaq2 and Naeem Iftikhar Dar2
....
...
Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Ayesha Zafar1 and Sher Muhammad2
...The general response of plants to soil and water salinity depends upon climate, soil characteristics, topography and management strategies. Water, even may be saline, is becoming more precious natural resource. Hence, there should be more crops and jobs per drop while conserving the quality of present terrestrial and groundwater. Saline water has been used for production of fodder and forages in many countries. Managing soil and water salinity under prevailing...
Muhammad Ali1*, Norsida Man2 and Farrah Melissa Muharam2
...tify;">Social influence plays a significant role in the adoption of new technologies exclusively in the context of climate change. Although various studies have been undertaken to manage agricultural risk from the field perspective. However, less attention has been paid to examine the influence of subjective norms on ICT usage among farmers for the management of agricultural risk in Malaysia. Therefore, the present study was...
Huaisheng Zhang1, Pengfei Li2, Huajun Wen2, Guangming Tian1, Hui Chen1, Lu Zhang1 and Jianqiang Zhu1,*
... David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus). It is a unique species in China, which has been extinct in China for nearly 200 years. In 1980, the Milu was reintroduced into China and has now become a first-class protected animal in the country. Moreover, research on the Milu has begun. After 30 years of breeding and development, the Milu population has formed stable captive or wild po...
Muhammad Khalid Rafique1, Rashid Mahmood1,*, Ziyad Abdul Qadir1,Imran Bodlah2 andFarid AsifShaheen2
...tural Research Centre, Islamabad on Apis mellifera Lingustica honeybee colonies during the spring months of March-April 2017. The effects of four larval grafting techniques, addition of royal jelly (A), dry grafting (B), grafting with addition of one drop of distilled water (C) Royal jelly plus distilled water (D) on queen bee rearing were investigated under field conditions. A considerable variation in queen rearing ...
Huma Sattar1, Sehrish Firyal1,*, Ali Raza Awan1, Habib-Ur -Rehman2, Muhammad Sajid Hasni3 and Amjad Islam Aqib4*
...h prevalence of mammary gland infection. Despite significant technological developments in animal husbandry, udder infection is still widespread; particularly in large herds that causes high production losses to the dairy industry of Pakistan. Identification of molecular marker sequences that are directly related ...
Laiba Shafique1,*, Muhammad Afzal2, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah3, Mahroze Fatima4, Huma Naz5, Saif ur Rehman1, Youchuan Wei1 and Qingyou Liu1,*
...(Ctenopharyngodon idella). Four experimental diets viz. FD1, FD2, FD3 and FD4 having formic acid (%) and vitamin D3 (IU/Kg) 0, 0; 2, 0; 0, 5000 and 2, 5000, respectively were prepared. Fish were fed with experimental diets for 90 days. Growth performance of fish was observed on fortnightly basis throughout the trail. At the end of feeding trail, fish were dissected to obtain the samples of muscles for further analysis. Two-way...
Uzma Rafi*, Asmat, Muqaddes Niaz, Syeda Shazia Bokhari and Aisha Waheed Qurashi*
...terial strains CXA1 (Planomicrobium chinense) and IM2 (Alkaligenes faecalis) were isolated from external surface and rectum portion of cockroach, respectively. Bacterial autoaggregation started increasing after 1 h of culture incubation and reached maximum after 4 h. Isolate CXA1 showed maximum (136 %) auto aggregation as compared to isolat...
Muhammad Suleman1,*, Abu ul Hassan Faiz2, Muhammad Shahbaz2 and Ayesha Riaz3
...) on the production of xylanase. Submerged fermentation was carried out in 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks using vogel’s medium at 35°C for five days. UV irradiated A. niger has significantly increased the xylanase production as compared to parent strains. Twenty minutes exposure of A. niger was considered suitable for the production of xyla...
S. Jalbani1, N.T. Narejo2,* and P. Khan2
... like live small fish (tilapia), tubifex larvae, chopped chicken viscera and dead small fish (tilapia) were used as live and prepared feed with control. It was observed that the experimental fish fed with chopped chicken viscera exhibited significantly better growth (129.10 ± 2.90 g weight gain) followed by chopped small fish (103.90 ± 1.10g) as prepared feed while live small...
Irfan Irshad1, Asim Aslam1,*, Muhammad Yasin Tipu1, Kamran Ashraf2, Beenish Zahid3 and Abdul Wajid4
...revealed that all the isolates belonged to sub-genotype VIIi with high similarity of 97.9 to 99.8% with similar viruses in this clade. Analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene sequences of the two AIV was performed and phylogenetic analysis reveals genetically closely-related to H9N2 viruses cla...
Lin Qi, Lu Li, Danyang Chen, Mingxiao Liu, Yan Wu and Wei Hu*
...peptide.
...
Zia-ud-Din1, Muhammad Nauman Aftab2, Tanveer Hussain3,*, Irfana Iqbal4 and Asma Zafar5
Min Li1,2, Jingjing Wang3, Suxian Hu3, Philip Stott4, Baoqing Lin5, Lianshan Li5, Hui Liu1, Heng Bao1, Duoying Cui6 and Guangshun Jiang1,*
...birds in the Xianghai wetland reserve of northeastern China from 2000 to 2009, and used remote sensing and GIS technologies to map land cover types. We linked cover types to avian species richness, evenness, and Shannon’s diversity using a stepwise linear regression model and regressions of proportions of cover types at different spatial scales. We recorded 109,026 sightings comprising 94 species, and found that avian ...
Jinfeng Liu1,2, Yanhong Cao3, Tong Feng1, Laiba Shafique1, Chan Luo1, Peng Zhu1,4,* and Qingyou Liu1,*
... in cumulus tissue, granular tissue, hypophysis, genital ridge and tissues of ovary and testis. Moreover, QRT-PCR results showed that BMP15 was expressed in the whole process of embryogenesis and folliculogenesis, early high level and then down regulated. It was significantly expressed higher level in COCs of middle diameter sized follicles than that of small and large sized follicl...
Sajida Sabahat1, Asif Nadeem1,*, Maryam Javed1, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor1, Shahid Nabeel1 and Abu Saeed Hashmi2
... estimate biological similarities and obtain a better perspective of quantitative traits that play key roles in development and regulating growth. The present study was conducted to characterize genetic variability in the growth hormone (GH) and growth hormone receptor (GHR) of Camelus dromedarius. GH is secreted and synthesized from somatotroph cells of the anterior pituitary lobe ...
Saleh S. Alhewairini
... RPW was evaluated under laboratory conditions. RPW (larvae and adult) showed high susceptibility to both acetamiprid and sulfoxaflor. In addition, both insecticides had significant effect on the mortality of RPW (larvae and adult) except the pupal stage under laboratory conditions. After direct spray application of the recommended dose, the adult mortal...
Shanshan Cai1, Tianxiang Gao2, Binlun Yan3, Aiyi Zhu1 and Xiumei Zhang1,2,*
... resources recovery, yet lack of proper methods hinders the precision and accuracy of such assessment. The swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus is a commercially important species in Chinese fishery industry. However the natural resources of swimming crabs are declining and enhancement programs are being conducted for resources restoration for decades. In this study, 524 female broodstock from 10 hatcheries and 547...
Scale of Illegal Killing and Trade Associated with Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) in Pakistan
Muhammad Waseem1, Ahmed Raza1, Hamera Aisha1, Muhammad Naeem Awan1, Tariq Ahmad2, Rabia Nazir2 and Tariq Mahmood2,*
...obal Indian pangolin population over the next 21 years, highlighting the need for protecting the species against illegal trade. In the current study, we investigated the scale of its poaching and illegal trade in the country. Results revealed that poachers use spotlight and tracking techniques (42% respondents). Summer is the best season for poaching the pangolins (44% respondents). Forest is best preferred habitat of pangolin (54% respondents) and pangolins s...
Sabbah M. Allam, T.M. El-Bedawy, M.H. Bakr and A.E.M. Mahmoud*
...evel of antioxidants in plasma, and presence and count of fecal pathogenic bacteria e.g. E. coli and Salmonella spp. Forty lactating Holstein cows, weighing 550±50 kg, with an average of 20 kg daily milk yield, were randomly divided into four groups (ten in each group). Animals were fed rations containing DOP at 0, 25, 50 and 75% substitution of yellow corn grai...
Abdulkareem Mohamed Matar1, Moez Ayadi1,2, Hassen Mohamed Sbihi3*, Imeddine Arbi Nehdi3, Mutassim Mohammad Abdelrahman1 and Riyadh Saleh Aljumaah1
...our groups (n = 6) after lambing and fed different diets. Milk fat percentage was higher in the milk of ewes fed TF (5.47%), CF1 (4.95%), or CF2 (6.40%); however, milk protein percentage was higher in the milk of ewes fed CF1 (4.29%) and CF3 (4.64%) compared to TF (3.78%) and CF2 (3.57%). Total (C12:0 + C14:0 + C16:0) saturated fatty acids were significantly lower in milk fat from ewes fed TF (45.67%) and ...
Mahdi Khojastekey1, Majid Kalantar1, Jam Zaheer Ahmed2, Samiullah Khan3, Muhammad Altaf Hussain4, Rajwali Khan5 and Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza6*
...wes under an accelerated lambing system (3 times lambing in two years). A total of 289 ewes from 3 to 4 years old, with mean body weight of 50±5 kg and BCS range from 2.5 to 3, were randomly allocated between two experimental groups as follow:1) in control group 98 ewes were exposed to rams all year-round without any hormonal treatment.2) in treatment group 191 ewes were exposed to rams 3 times in two years by means o...
Biomarkers for Pathogenic Clostridium perfringens in Small Ruminants of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Sher Bahadar Khan2, Naimat Ullah Khan3, Muhammad Asfandyar Khan2, Kashif Prince1,*, Mahboob Ali1, Ghazunfar Rashid1 and Azmat Ulah Khan2
...
...
Rais Ahmed1,2,*, Muhammad Khalid Mansoor1,2, Iftikhar Hussain1, Muhammad Saqib3, Muhammad Hammad Hussain4, Amjad Islam Aqib5, Haleema Sadia6, Javed Muhammad7, Asma Irshad8, Kashif Prince5, Muhammad Zain Saleem9 and Abdul Whab Manzoor10
...the disease, workers in slaughterhouses are at a high risk of infection. In this study, the status of paratuberculosis was assessed in a slaughterhouse located in district Faisalabad, Pakistan. A total of 455 blood samples were collected from slaughtered cattle and buffaloes at random and then tested by a commercially availa
Mohammed Al Bratty1,*, Hassan A. Alhazmi1,2, Desam Nagarjuna Reddy3, Abdul Jabbar Al-Rajab3, Sadique A. Javed1 and Zia ur Rehman1,4
...l activities. The major classes of compounds indentified in the extract were fatty acid esters and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Methyl-(7Z)-7-hexadecenoate, methyl-(9E)-octadecenoate and methyl tetracosanoate were found to be the principal fatty acid esters, while E-pentatriacont-17-ene and 2,4-dimethylpentane were identified as predominant aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds. The propolis extract has exhibited remarkable antimicrobial activity against certain strains ...
Abdul Hanan1, Talha Nazir1, Abdul Basit1, Shahbaz Ahmad2 and Dewen Qiu1,*
...ential of 3 different isolates of Lecanicillium lecanii formerly recognized as Verticillium lecanii (V-2, V-3 and V-5) with different bioassay materials (conidia, filtrate and the binary combination of conidia + filtrate) were evaluated against green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) under control condition. Conidial bioassay of fungal isolates were evaluated with three different concentrations (1×10
Yue Ren1, Peng-Fei Liu2, Wan-Long Zhu1,*,Hao Zhang1 and Jin-Hong Cai1
...erature on body mass regulation in Eothenomys miletus from different areas of Hengduan mountain region in different seasons. Body mass, resting metabolic rate (RMR), nonshivering thermogenesis (NST), food intake, serum leptin levels and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti aelated peptide (AgRP), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), cocaine and amphe...
Muhammad Zameer Khan1, Sair Sarwar1*, Ahmad Khan1, Razaullah Khan1, Munazza Yousra1 and Muhammad Ilyas2
... soil series of Potohar Plateau of Pakistan and to correlate soil extractable K with yield components, N, P, K concentration and uptake by wheat. Two extractants namely, AB-DTPAand NH4OAc were tested for K extraction from soils. The results showed a high positive correlation between AB-DTPA and NH4OAc extractable K, plant growth and...
Ihsanullah*, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi, Sohail Akhtar and Syed Muhammad Suhail
... cows were analyzed at a large-scale state dairy farm from 1997 to 2013. Genetic groups consisted of HF 50.0%, HF 62.5%, HF 75.0% and HF 87.5%, having the respective levels of Holstein Friesian blood were studied in different seasons of the year. No significant differences were found between the groups with different exotic blood level in calving interval, age at first calving, postpartum ovulation interval and dry period. C...
Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad1*, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2, Afia Muhammad Akram1, Arshad Javid3, Majid Hussain5, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah4 and Asma Chaudhary1
...gestibility of the Catla catla fingerlings fed Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) based diet. The phytic acid’s presence in plant by-products decreases the bioavailability of nutrients to fish, resulting in poor fish growth and low nutrient digestibility in the body. Experimental diet was divided into six groups and were supplem...
Li-na Li1, Sheng Li2, Ping Gui3, Jing-hui Li1, Fen Ai4,* and Li-li Cai1,*
...herapeutic method is available for the treatment of radiation pulmonary fibrosis. Recent studies have suggested that urine can provide an effective and noninvasive source of many differentiating or differentiated progenitor cells and stem cells. The aim of our present study was to assess the therapeutic effects of human urine-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (uMSCs) in a cell model of radiation pulmonary fibrosis. MRC-5 cells were irradiated and cultured in t...
Aqsa Pervaiz1*, Rukhshanda Afridi1, Zahra Pervaiz1, Rabia Masood1 and Hira Pervaiz2
...s in the liver of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus after acute exposure to methylmercury. The toxicity of methylmercury of Nile tilapia was studied in a static renewal bioassay for 48 hours and 96 hours (96 hours L.C-50 0.22 mg/L). The study was conducted on 40 fish that weredivided into 4 groups A, B, C and D. Group A was considered as control group.Group B, C and D were exposed to sublethal concentrations of meth...
Nazish Mazhar Ali1, Asma Ashraf 2*, Iram Liaqat2, Bushra Mazhar2, Shaukat Ali2 and Saiqa Andleeb3
...tudy was conducted to isolate and characterize pathogenic bacteria from eye infections. The samples were taken from corneal eye infections. The collection of samples was done from “Layton Rehmat Eye Hospital, Township Lahore”. Isolated bacterial pathogens were identified on the basis of morphological and various biochemical tests. Morphologcal tests included different staining procedures includng Gram’s sta...
Khalid Khan1*, Hazrat Yousaf1, Noor Mohammad1, Munir Khan1 and Do Thi Thao2
Naveed Ahmed1*, Abdul Waheed1, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Imtiaz Ahmed1, Muhammad Abbas Khan1, Sohail Aslam1, Muhammad Adil Younis2, Seemab Ali1, Nadia Khan1 and Madiha Bashir1
... 60 ppm). Experiment was laid out on Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Data showed a significant difference among most of the growth parameters. Maximum head weight (2306.7 g), stem length (42.66 cm), number of leaves plant-1(15.73cm), root length (27.53 cm), yield (55.63 t/ha) was recorded for cultivar cabbage red with the application of 60ppm of GA3.
...
Muhammad Raza Khan1, Tariq Mahmood1,*, Hira Fatima1, Faraz Akrim2, Shaista Andleeb1 and Abdul Hamid1
... Pakistan, is one of the largest species of Canid family; it occurs in various parts of the country including upper Swat area. Reportedly, species population is declining in its range, however, data on its ecological aspects are scanty in the country. In the current study, we investigated distribution and diet of grey wolf and the level of its human conflict in Mahoodand valley of Swat District. Results revealed the occurren...
Muhammad Aslam Farooqi*, Bakhtawar Irsa, Sajjad Ali, Asif Sajjad, Muhammad Waqar Hassan and Sohail Akhtar
...es i.e. acephate, lambda-cyhalothrin, diafenthiuron, profenofos and spirotetramat against adult workers of Apis mellifera L. These insecticides were frequently being used to control different insect pests of major crops in Punjab-Pakistan. The experimentation was performed under laboratory conditions (28±2°C and 65±5% R.H). Four different concentrations (i.e. 50 ppm, 100, 200 and 400 pp...
Manzoor Hussain*, Marie Maňasová, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...s being increased due to lack of our farmer’s knowledge, repetition of the same crop in field, and non-awareness of pesticides applications. Ten isolates from seven different fungi, Arthrobotrys oligospora, Dactylella oviparasitica, Clonostachys rosea, Stropharia rugosoannulata, Lecanicillium ...
Ambreen Leghari1,2, Asghar Ali Kamboh2,*, Shakeel Ahmed Lakho1, Faiz Muhammad Khand1, Kanwar Kumar Malhi2,3, Iqra Bano Chandio4, Seema Baloch5 and Jan Mohammad Shah4
...in Hyderabad and Tando Allahyar districts. The animals were first screened through single intradermal tuberculin test (SITT) and both positive and negative reactors of SITT were further investigated through rapid test. Attempts were also made to isolate the Mycobacterium bovis organism from the milk and nasal secretions of cattle using the Lowenstein-Jensen media. An overall prevalence of 34.38% was recorded by rapid ...
Muhammad Usman Akhtar1,2, Abdul Qayum3, Anshan Shan1,*, Shuli Chou1, Hyeonsoo Jo4, Syed Waqas Ali Shah4 and Ishfaq Muhammad5
...igestibility, nitrogen balance, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and milk yield of lactating Beetal goats. Thirty five lactating Beetal goats were randomly divided into five groups (seven goats per group) in a randomized complete block design. Five isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70% RDP of dietary protein repre...
Qudsia Yousafi1*, Muhammad Aslam2 andShahzad Saleem1
...n to investigate the population trend of the aphid, Aphis gossypii and the ladybeetle, Coccinella septempunctata on brinjal, Solanum melongena, during the 2013-14 and 2014-15 crop seasons. Brinjal varieties Round Black, Dilnasheen, Black Beauty, Hybrid Shilpa, Be...
Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Imtiaz Khan1*, Bashir Ahmad1, Fazal Maula2 and Sardar Hussain1
...ly, U-Grande, Rio-Grande late, Tomato BSS-30, 87-5 China and Roma VF. These varieties were sown in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Results of this research showed that aphid population remained constant on different cultivars throughout the experiment. The lowest (3.30 aphids leaf-1) mean number of aphids were recorded on 87-5 China followed by U-Grande (3.72 aphids leaf-1), To...
Muhammad Mansoor1, Khalid Usman2*, Shahid Hameed Khan Khalil3, Abdul Mateen Khattak4, Muhammad Ehsan Elahi1, Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik2 and Amir Hamza2
...he growers switched to solar tunnel drying but couldn’t get the required results. The protocols of using solar tunnels needed fine-tuning of temperature and relative air humidity, which affect fruit quality. During dates’ drying process high temperature and low humidity is required. This research was conducted at Arid Zone Research Center, D.I. Khan, Pakistan for quick and safe...
Muhammad Ramzan1, Unsar Naeem-Ullah1*, Muhammad Ishtiaq1, Ghulam Murtaza2, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1 and Faisal Manzoor1
... Thus, to access the availability of biological fauna over a year, a study was designed. The study was carried out Research Farm of MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences during 2018. In the study, population of beneficial insects was corelated with the weather parameters (temperature, humidity and rainfall on tw...
Mubasshir Sohail1,2,*, Raza Muhammad1 and Qadeer Ahmed Soomro1
...neralist predator, green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) has a key role in integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for many crop pests. The influence of different prey types has been studied to strengthen the C. carnea. Current in-vitro study was made to figure out the effects of different prey on mortality and certain biological characteristics of C. carnea. Th...
Faleye Temitope Oluwasegun Cephas1,2*, Adewumi Moses Olubusuyi1, Olayinka Olaitan Titilola3 and Adeniji Johnson Adekunle1,3
...ires enterovirus (EV) isolates to produce reproducible cytopathic effect (R-CPE) in RD and/or L20b cell lines. Samples with non-reproducible CPE (NR-CPE) are considered negative for EVs. We investigated whether there could be EVs lurking in samples with NR-CPE. Fifty-nine cell culture supernatants (CCS) (collected between 2016 and 2017) from RD and L20b cell-culture-tubes with NR-CPE, were analyzed. The tubes had been previously inocul...
Ping Jiang1 , Zhihui Zhao1, 2, Xiaohui Li2, Mengyan Wang2, Lixin Xia2, Yang Cao3, Runjun Yang2 and Xibi Fang2*
... To further verify the relationship between the ABCA1 gene and milk fat metabolism of Chinese Holstein dairy cows, we exploited transient transfection mediated-RNA interference technology to specifically knockdown expression levels of the endogenous gene ABCA1 in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) to analyse the effect on intracellular triglyceride (TG) content by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PC...
Adewumi Moses Olubusuyi1, Ogunsakin Temitope Rachael1, Ogunrombi Sefiu Babatunde1, Ojeamiren Iduda1, Olawole Alaba Samuel1, Faleye Temitope Oluwasegun Cephas1,2* and Adeniji Johnson Adekunle1,3
...l suspension from acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases were cultured. Samples analyzed were collected in 2017 as part of the AFP surveillance program in Nigeria and declared negative for enteroviruses because they did not produce CPE in RD and L20B cell lines. In all, 120 cell culture supernatants (60 each on RD and L20B cell lines) that emanated from 30 stool suspensions (2 samples per cas...
Shaikh Abdul Lateef, Zhou Lin, Wu Jian, Junjie Qian and Zheng Shusen*
...plication of liver transplantation in patients with pre-established hepatitis B infections. Information gained through this study would be helpful to have better management and life style in these deadly infections. ...
Himanshu Mishra, Vikas Kumar and Ashish Kumar*
...st time to study the population structure and habitat utilization of migratory birds at Bakhira bird sanctuary, district Sant Kabir Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India from October 2017 to March 2018. Thirty two species of birds were observed during the field investigation. The line transect method was employed for population estimates. During the field survey, we recorded a significantly higher number of migratory birds at the end ...
Shad Mahfuz1,2, Shuyuan Wang1, Mo Chen1, Fei Zao1, Dong Zhen1,
Zhongjun Liu4 and Hui Song1,3*
...the effectiveness of Flammulina velutipes stem waste (FVW) inclusion in laying hens diet on production performance, egg quality and serum metabolic profile during the early phase of production.A total of 105 ISA Brown 18 wk old laying hens were grouped into 5 treatments with 7 replications of 3 hens each. Dietary treatments included a basal diet as control; antibiotic (0.05% f
Muhammad Khaled Siddiq1, Fatima Yousuf Dar1,M. Akbar Khan1, Muhammad Adeeb Babar1,*, Sayyed Ghyour Abbas1, Asra Ghaus1, Musdassir Iqbal1 and Muhammad Akhtar2
...tan), well known for its large mammalian remains, dating to middle Pleistocene, yielded fossils of antelopes. The remains are referred to Kobus porrecticornis, Reduncini gen. et sp. indet. Antilope sp., Sivatragus cf. bohlini, Damalops sp., Caprinae gen. indet. (aff. Capricornis) roylei. These new findings allowed to calibrate the exact stratigraphic position of the species. Sivatragus bohlini, pre...
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Umar Mumtaz1, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan3 and Abdul Naveed4
...omly selected and two villages per union council were randomly selected. The list of potential old aged farmers those were not active in farming system (above the age of 60 years) was prepared with the help of Field Staff of the Extension Department of district Sargodha. Finally, 425 potential respondents were identified from which sample of 120 respondents was randomly selected. The data were collected by using interview schedule. Descriptive as well as infer...
Faheem Aslam1*, Aneel Salman1 and Inayatullah Jan2
...s to improve production planning decisions. Numerous studies proved that traditional econometric techniques face significant challenges in out of sample predictability tests due to model uncertainty and parameter instability. Recent studies introduce several machine learning algorithms to improve time series prediction accuracy. The purpose of this study is to develop a precise wheat production model using artificial neural networks (ANN). A total of 71 y...
Muhammad Abu Bakar1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Rashid Mahmood2, Ziyad Abdul Qadir2, Muhammad Arshad1 and Mubasshir Sohail3
...a mites. This study was planned to check the efficacy of different essential oils (Lemon oil, Eucalyptus oil, Wintergreen oil, Orange oil and Neem oil) in different concentrations against percent mortality of Varroa mites. The essential oils were applied at different concentrations (100 ppm, 200 ppm and 400 ppm) and percent mortality data were recorded after 12, 24, 48 and 72 hrs of the application. The results of present study were showed that lemon oil and e...
Sameera Arshad1*, Arshad Mahmood Malik2 and Iftikhar Hussain3
...International Airport, Islamabad 2005-12 collected from Civil Aviation Authority Pakistan; revealed that annual average number of bird strikes were 26.62±2.11. Birds of prey mainly, Pariah Kites (Milvas migrans) were reported to be involved in 72% of the strikes. Seasonal variation in bird strikes revealed that most of the bird strikes occurred during the period (July-October), then in (March-June) and least during the winter period (November-February)....
Tasleem Akhtar1,2,Ghazanfar Ali1,*, Nuzhat Shafi2 and Abdul Rauf2
...species.
...
Zhijun Zhong1, Rui Tu1, Xichun Wang2, Yi Geng1, Qicheng Xiao1, Yinan Tian1, Bin Wei1, Jiaming Dan1, Ya Wang1 and Guangneng Peng1,*
...arily caused by Brucella melitensis, Brucella abortus, Brucella suis, and Brucella canis. However, in China, information regarding brucellosis in pet dogs caused by B. canis is limited. In the present study, we conducted a comprehensive molecular, pathological, and immunohistochemical analysis to d...
Qi Ren, Shufeng Sun, Chen Niu, Yuhong Li, Yingzhi Chong, Biao Li, Guoying Zheng and Fumin Feng*
...bolizing enzyme, and imbalances of its expression may cause liver tissue damage. At present, few studies on CYP1A1 methylation and anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury are available. Studying the relationship between CpG island methylation in the CYP1A1 promoter region and dru...
Lin Sun1, Xiaofang Bu2, Jian Wang1*, Xiaorui Liu1 and Zhanyi Kong2
....
...
Taimoor Khalid*, Asad Ullah and Mussawar Shah
...nd Totai of Tehsil Batkhela, District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A sample size of 357 respondents was proportionally allocated to the mentioned three union councils of the study area and selected by simple random sampling technique. Perception of the respondents regarding illegality in forest management (independent variable) and forest governance (dependent variable) were measured on three level likert scale. C...
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Imtiaz Sarwar1, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Rehan Khalid1, Muhammad Yahya1 and Khurram Shehzad2
... influenced by different land-management practices and land-use types and these edaphic arthropod communities can provide valuable information about the prevailing status of soil quality. The present study was aimed to evaluate the population abundance and diversity of edaphic arthropod groups in different land-use types and categories in different local...
Muhammad Izhar Shafi* and Muhammad Sharif
...n the solubility and availability of P in soils. An incubation experiment was conducted during 2017 to evaluate the impact of various P fertilizers applied with and without humic acid on P availability. Three different rates of humic acid as 0, 5 and 10 kg ha-1 with three different P sources as nitrophosphate (NP), single superphosphate (SSP), and di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) at a recommended rate of 90 kg P2<...
Shagufta Naz1, Ayesha Javed1, Ayesha Saleem1, Khadija Murtaza1, Rukhama Haq1, Akbar Hayat2 and Neelma Munir1,*
...t and widely cultivated plant. It is used as flavor in various dishes due to its constiuents.composition. Gamma radiation is one of the sterilization technique involves total demolition of all microorganisms and their spores in foods. In recent study garlic samples were treated with three different doses of gamma radiation such as 0.5, 1 and 2 kGy. Effects of gamma radiation were analyzed for different aspects like microflor...
Muhammad Siddique1, Muhammad Shafique2,*,Abdul Mateen3, Naveed Shahzad4, Bilal Aslam2, Nasir Ahmad1 and Muhammad Usman Qamar2
...ic health sector, particularly in developing countries like Pakistan. HCV is the significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally due to the lack of HCV vaccine. HCV genotypes are helpful for analyzing disease severity and start of therapy. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the genotyping of clinically isolated HCV from a Liver Center Faisala
Yating Cheng1, Wenlong Shi1, Xue Xiao2, Qirong Zhang2, Qihao Zhang1, Zhijian Su1, Qi Xiang1,2* and Yadong Huang1,2
...v>
...
Muhammad Zubair1, Sagheer Ahmad2*, Awais Rasool1, Muhammad Asad Farooq1 and Ibni Amin Khalil3
.... The environment (E) explained 16.1% of the total variation whereas G and G × E interaction captured 48.2 and 34.5 %, respectively. The GGE-Biplot grouped the locations into two mega and two minor environments and indicated best performing genotype for each. Hence the GGE-Biplot ranked HoTh-300 (V-15) and LRK-2004 (V-9) varieties as the best performer across locations followed by CP-NIA-82-223 (V-12), HoTh-127 (V-14) and HoTh-326 (V-16) varieties while ...
Po Bunnika, Khalid Khan and Guo Xiangyu*
...) model to examine the relationship between profitability ratios and performance measures, which indicates that return on assets and equity are linked to technical and distribution efficiency. The cooperatives could increase their profits by upsurging sales performance instead of improving technical performance. These results also confirm that cooperatives managers should give greater importance to the effective use of capital and la
Rafiq-ur-Rehman1*, Zahoor Ahmad1, Wiqar Ahmad2, Muhammad Mansoor3 and Shah Masaud1
...f mungbean cultivar (Inqalab Mung) inoculated with four strains of rhizobium (TAL-634, TAL-169, NARC-BK and NARC-M) was evaluated during two consecutive years 2015 and 2016 at the Agricultural Research Institute, Rata Kulachi, Dera Ismail Khan (31º 49/ N latitude and 70º 55/ East longitude), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The current experiments...
Abdul Majeed1*, Muhammad Anwar-ul-Haq2, Abid Niaz3, Abid Mahmood4, Naeem Ahmad1 and Hafiz Muhammad Walyat Ali Khan1
...s has drastic effect on plant physiology and growth. The current research experiment was performed to screen salt tolerant wheat varieties grown in hydroponic and soil medium on the basis of plant photosynthetic rate, potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) contents. Twenty wheat genotypes/varieties were grown in hydroponic culture, having different residual sodium carbonate (RSC), electrical conductivity (EC),...
Riaz Shah1* and Margaret Appleby2
...esticide options are available and included in IPM. In this study, contact and residual toxicity of selected low-risk pesticides were tested against TSSM adult females and three commonly available predators (Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, Neoseiulus fallacis McGregor and Stethorus punctillum Weise). TSSM adult females and adults of TSSM predators were released...
Azra1* and Shaukat Hussain2
...ight. The experiment was laid out as randomized complete block design with three replications. Data on disease severity and grain yield were recorded. There were not significant differences in disease severity among maize genotypes for individual years. However, significant differences were recorded amongst the genotypes when the data were pooled over two years. Based on disease severity scale 14 genotypes were categorized as moderately resistant, 14 moderatel...
Zahra Eftekhar1, Morteza Naderi2,*, Mohammad Kaboli3, Hamid R. Rezaei4 and Nematollah Khorasani3
...ecies adaptation to the glacial oscillations. Ancient Hyrcanian forests, as one of the old-growth relicts of the temperate deciduous forests, have been recently documented as an important refugium during the last glacial maximum (LGM). More investigations based on skull and mandible morphological assessments revealed considerable intraspecific evolutiona...
Hande Kucukonder1, Pinar Celebi Demirarslan1*, Sezai Alkan2 and Özgür Baris Bırgul3
...consistent than Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz and Logistic and can be used as an alternative to nonlinear regression models in growth analysis.
...
Zelle Huma1*, Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1 and Farman Ali2
...ent, Galleria mellonella larvae were reared in the laboratory. When samples soil were collected from different regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa for nematodes collection G. mellonella larvae were left in sampling jar and were collected back after 2-3 days’ post application. Dead
Wiqar Ahmad1*, Farmanullah Khan2, Muhammad Sharif2 and Muhammad Jamal Khan2
...y on eroded agricultural land. The research was conducted with three cropping patterns viz wheat after maize, lentil after maize and wheat-lentil intercrop after maize in main plots and four fertilizer treatments viz the control, farmer’s practice (FP) (N:P2O5 @ 60:45 and 15:30 kg ha-1 for cereals and lentils), recommended dose (RD) (N:P2O5:K2O @ 120:90:60 and 30:60:0 kg ha-1 fo...
Muhammad Qasim1*, Said Qasim2, Muhammad Naeem1, Amir Nawaz Khan3 and Shahid Iqbal4
...lihoods of small-scale inland fishers for the years 2001 and 2016, in district Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Three types of fishers were selected for the study i.e. farming fishers, fishing farmers and occasional fishers, through two stage cluster sampling. Livelihoods asset pentagons were used for the analysis. Considerable decline in physical and economic assets were noted among all the three types of fishers, whereas the total value of livelihood...
Tahsin Razzaq*, Muhammad Fareed Khan and Shahid Iqbal Awan
...us foliar disease in Himalayan region of the Asia, caused by fungus Exerohillum turcicum. We evaluated resistant genotypes against NCLB under agro-climatic condition of Rawalakot and assessed the yield loss due to impact of NCLB. Maize plants were artificially inoculated at four to six leaf stages. Thirty genotypes were screened in first field tra...
Rakhshanda Kousar1, Tahira Sadaf1*, Muhammad Sohail Amjad Makhdum2, Muhammad Amjed Iqbal1 and Raza Ullah1
...Comparative Advantage, Relative Export Advantage Index and Log of Relative Export Advantage Index. For this purpose, time series data has been collected for the period 2001-2018 from Food and Agricultural Organization Statistics, International Trade Centre map, and World Banks’ World Integrated Trade Solutions, Trade Development Authorities of Pakistan, and Pakistan’s Economic Surveys. It was found that Pakistan ...
QihangLiu1,2, YueliJiang2, Tong Li2, Jin Miao2, Zhongjun Gong2, Yun Duan2, and YuqingWu2*
...nt techniques to capture large numbers of locusts to avoid such swarms. The exploitation of locusts phototactic response has been one such technique. The current study investigated the impact of different light wavelengths and intensities on the visual and thoracic temperature responses of locusts. Our results showed that ultraviolet (UV), violet, and orange light stimulated the visual system of the locust and resulted in in...
Shou-Hong Zhang1*, Ying Zhang1, Kun-Ming Wen2, Wei Wu3 and Wen-Yan Li3
... (HGF) carried by biotinylated ultrasound microbubbles plus biotinlated cationic nano-liposome composites (Bio-MB+Bio-CNLP) in bile duct-ligated (BDL) rats. In addition, we investigated the staging of hepatic fibrosis by using Perfusion-Weighted Imaging (PWI). We established a BDL rat model of hepatic fibrosis. HGF carrier was administered through tail-vein injections. The gene therapy efficacy was evaluated in vivo. ...
Beenish Zahid*1,2,7, Javed Iqbal Qazi2, Amir Zohaib2, Asim Aslam3, Raheela Akhter3, Haleema Sadia4, Qurat ul Ain5, Razia Sultana6, Irfan Irshad3 and Sobia Alyas7
... conducted to detect, isolate and characterize the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in ducks. For this purpose, a total of 100 samples of cloacal and 100 oropharyngeal swabs of ducks (Anas Platyrhynchos domesticus) were collected from different villages of four tahsils of Sheikhupura during period (May to July 2017). NDV was isolated from f...
NaseemZahra1,2,*, Nadia Jamil1, Sajid Rashid Ahmad1, Imran Kalim2, MuhammadKhalid Saeed2, Ijaz Ahmed2, Qurat-ul-ain Syed2 and Soniya Munir1
...ples were analyzed for Aflatoxin M1 using competitive ELISA kit method. Branded samples (n=40) were collected from different shops in Lahore city of Punjab Province while non-branded samples (n=40) collected from four selected towns of Lahore. Overall 58% and 100% of aflatoxin contamination in branded and non-branded milk samples were found, respectively. The quantities of AFM1 in 58% of branded milk samples and 95% of non-b...
Jiaxin Guo1, Xiumei Zhang1,2, Xiaoyan Wang2, Liqin Liu2 and Tianxiang Gao1,*
...arch.
...
Illahi Bux Bhatti1, 2*, Imran Khatri2, Maqsood Anwar Rustamani2 and Riffat Sultana3
Asma Hassan*, Zuhair Hasnain, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz, Muhmmad Ansar, Muhmmad Rasheed, Ajaz Ahmad, Lubna Ayub Durani and Muhmmad Bilal Ali
...crops and appropriate tillage systems are economically valuable for former depends on sufficient nutrient supply and satisfactory soil and climatic conditions. Moldboard plough (MP) (control), tine Cultivator (TC) and minimum tillage (MT) as main treatment, Crops sequence as subplot included were fallow–wheat (Triticum aestivum), (FW, control), mungbean (Vigna radiata)–wheat (MW), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)–...
Muhammad Khuram Razzaq1,2*, Saeed Rauf1, Mohsin Khurshid3, Shahid Iqbal1,4, Javaid Akhter Bhat2, Ayaz Farzand5, Adeel Riaz1,6, Guangnan Xing2 and Junyi Gai2
...he substantial stage in plants and fertile pollen are important for proficient plant reproduction. Abiotic stresses reduce the photosynthates production, thus genotypes also reduce the reserve mobilization for tapetum cells which induce the significant reduction in pollen fertility. Therefore, pollen fertility index can be exploited to discriminate resistant and susceptible genotypes under abiotic stresses. High heritability...
Sohaib Afzaal1,4*, Usman Hameed2, Nasir Ahmad3, Klas Udekwu4, Paulina Pastuszek4 and Muhammad Saleem Haider1
...ment. Current study was planned to test the thermodurability of seven strains of Ln. mesenteroides using pasteurization treatments. Both types of pasteurization treatments including High Temperature Short Time (HTST) and Low Temperature Long Time (LTLT) were applied to all of the strains. On applying LTLT treatment, maximum viability was found in the BSM-43 (42.84%) while minimum viability was shown by CYG-362 (26.10%). In case of HTST treatment maximum viabil...
Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Imran Khan1, Muhammad Afzal1, Azhar Abbas Khan2, Syed Muhammad Ali Zahid1, Muhammad Saqib1, Asad Abdullah1, Saba Kousar1 and Maryam Riaz1
...modifies the ability of plants to resist against insect feeding is an interesting and important component in an integrated pest management program. In the present study, water stress was applied to field grown cotton with two Bacillus thuringiensis transgenes (CIM-602 and CIM-599) and one non-transgenic genotype (CIM-554) for the performance of H. armigera feeding The difference in leaf injury, relative consumption and growt...
Muhammad Shahzad Akbar*, Maria Aslam, Muhammad Rehan Khalid, Shahid Iqbal, Muhammad Luqman and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed
...icultural crops, forest plantations, wooden infrastructures and other cellulosic products. Their control is usually done by the application of highly persistent synthetic insecticides which often cause different non-target effects such as environment contamination. This laboratory study evaluated the toxicity of methanolic extracts of eight flowers i.e. Mexican marigold (Tagetes lucida), African marigold (Tegates erecta), te...
Matiullah Khan1*, Motsim Billah2, Shoaib Ahmad1, Raza Ullah Khan1 and Muhammad Sarwar1
... phosphate (RP) and inoculating with effective microorganisms (EM) on the wheat during 2010-11. Both experiments were conducted consecutively, in the same lay out of randomized complete block design with three repeats. Various doses of PEC (6, 4, 2 Mg ha-1) were compared with simple poultry-litter compost (PLC) as 8 Mg ha-1, single super phosphate (SSP) fertilizer as 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 and control. The results showed that PEC ...
Ahmad Ali1,2,* and Aleem Ahmed Khan1
...ball, nest-net, adda and laggar falcon (Falco jugger)/white eyed buzzard (Butastur teesa) as bait technique were recorded. Out of these eight techniques two i.e. sock-ball and laggar falcon (F. jugger) /white eyed buzzard (B. teesa) as bait technique were documented for the first time. The size of sock ball is about 7-8cm in diameter having noose traps of 7-8cm in size used to install on th...
Sajida Sabahat1, Asif Nadeem1,*, Maryam Javed1, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor1, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Ghulam Yasein2 and Ghulam Abbas1
...tabolism, tissue repair, lactation and reproduction. It controls differentiation and maintenance of different function in various and specific tissues. The liver is the primary source of IGF-1 and considered as candidate genes for growth because they play a significant role in development and growth regulation. IGF-1 control protein metabolism and is extremely conserved region amongst spec...
Mo Chen1, Shad Mahfuz1, 2, Yan Cui1, Liying Jia1, Zhongjun Liu3 and Hui Song1, 4*
...nd egg yolk in ISA Brown layer hens fed with mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) stembase (FVS). A total 150 hens of 30 wk old were grouped into 5 equal treatments with 5 replications of 6 hens each. Dietary treatments included basal diet as a control group; control diet including antibiotic (0.05% flavomycin) as an antibiotic group; 2% FVS fed group; 4% FVS fed group and 6%FVS fed group. The ...
Memis Ozdemir
...BI Genbank.
...
Nosheen1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2* and Khalid Abbas1
...re, this experiment was planned to assess the acute affect of lead (Pb+2) on peroxidase (POD) activity in tissues viz. liver, gills, kidney, muscle, heart and brain of fish Catla catla exposed for 4-day. After each sampling (24-hr interval) fish were dissected and required organs were obtained. Results showed that the POD activity was augmented in all selected organs of Pb+2 exposed fish i...
Abdul Razzaq1*, Muhammad Islam2, Zahra Islam3, Zahida Fatima1, Munib Hussain4 and Farmanullah5,6
...e the problem, three available synthetic anthelmintic (Oxfendazole alone, oxfendazole-Levamisole combination and Ivermectin) were administered to natural major nematodes (Haemonchus, Trichuris, Strongyloides and Trichostrongylus) infected sheep and goats. Overall results revealed susceptibility of these anthelmintics (97-99% Confidence Interval of Faecal Egg Count Reduction-FECR) against four nematodes and no evidence of resistance recorded. However, three her...
Riaz Hussain Pasha1*, Muhammad Zubair Anjum2, Imran Ullah2, Muhammad Akram Khan3, Adnan Ali4, Saif-Ur-Rehman5, Sana Batool2 and Arslan Emmanuel2
...esicle in cortex of cytoplasm in ovaries. Gonads attain maximum size and weight in spawning phase during summer. Free oozing of spermatozoa in testes and ovaries packed with fully grown eggs are the distinct features of this phase. The highest values of Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) for male and female in summer coincided with the histological structure of the gonads where they are in their spawning phase. Present study revealed that C. garua breed once in a year ...
Aamir Saleem1, Arshad Mahmood Malik2*, Najam Ul Hassan1 and Imtiaz A. Qamar3
...Research Centre(NARC), Islamabad to evaluate the effect of Common Vetch (Vicia sativa L.) legume on growth and yield of Rye grass (Lolium multiflorium L). Data regarding the physical-chemical analysis of the soil (ph, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, organic matter and available phosphorus), crop parameter (Number of tillers, number of leaves, plant height, fresh
Muneer Abbas1*, Muhammad Ramzan1, Niaz Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Khalid Hussain1, Sohail Abbas2 and Ali Raza3
...: justify;">Light traps play important role in field sampling, monitoring, capturing, killing and biodiversity studies of nocturnal insect population. Funnel shaped light traps were used in mungbean and gram crops throughout the year. Effects of light traps were assessed by daily night collections in relation with abiotic factors based on marginal cost benefit ratio. Results indicated that...
Muhammad Abdul Rahman1*, Abdul Saboor1, Gulnaz Hameed1, Ghulam Bilal2 and Farooq Tanwir3
...ificant CEHFs that are related to emerging security hazards to dairy system. These CEHFs are then stitched with existing body of literature to consolidate our findings. Results comprised key CEHFs affecting occurrence of security hazards to dairy production in the scenario of changing climate. Experts ranked lack of genetic research and fodder security on top among various critical factors that drive and increase occurrence ...
Mazhar Habib1, Aamir Saleem1, Arshad Mahmood Malik2*, Sarfraz Ahmed3 and Sameera Arshad4
...own on a site at NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan. Four clipping stages i.e. D1, D2, D3 and D4 (clipped after 20, 40, 60 and 80 days, respectively) were studied. The response variables were morphological characters (plant height, tiller density and herbage yield) of Blue panic grass. With the advance in maturity of clipping stages, plant height and no. of tillers in the grass ...
Ahmed Zia*
...fy;">Coeliccia vacca Laidlaw has been added to the Odonata fauna of Pakistan by reporting it from three mountainous spots in sub Himalayan hill tracts of Pakistan. It is a data deficient, potentially threatened species whose habitat and ecology was never known. To date, there is no information available for its male and immature stages. It is second species for the genus to be recorded fro...
Wajid Shah Yousafzai1, Irfan Ullah1*, Amjad Ali1, Mahmood Iqbal2 and Salman Khan1
... respondents in three villages (Aboha, Manyar and Parrai) of Tehsil Barikot, district Swat. Simple Linear Regression Model was employed to individual input contribution in total output. The concept of Marginal Value Products and Marginal Factor Cost was used to calculate Allocative Efficiency. Ordinary Least Square technique was used to drive linear production function. The results revealed that Tractor (hrs), Labor (M-days)...
Muhammad Azam Niazi1* and Umar Farooq2
...or the policy makers to plan resource allocation and output of Basmati rice. Supply response analysis was carried out to quantify the response of farmers to price and non-price factors. Most of the literature on supply response of crops in Pakistan has relied on the assumption that the data series used for analyses were stationary while most of time series are in fact trended. This makes the results of many earlier studies unreliable. This study uses the moder...
Muhammad Saleem1*, Ehsan Elahi1, Allah Wadhayo Gandahi1, Saleem Maseeh Bhatti1, Hajra Ibrahim2 and Muhammad Ali3
... being diet and sulphur plays major role in increasing the achen yield and oil content. A field study was conducted to observe the effects of sulphur on sunflower growth, oil content and yield. The sulphur rates were 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 kg ha-1. The recomended rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potasium were given to all plots of different treatments. The economical important plant growth parameters ; height of p
Hina Fatima1*, Abdul Jabbar2 and Khurram Nawaz3
...variation and effect of planting of wheat after BT and Non-BT-cotton varieties on wheat production. In this study, the average technical efficiency of wheat farms on collective level was around 0.76. The mean technical efficiency of wheat after Non-BT and BT-cotton was 0.78 and 0.74, respectively. The result of the study revealed that those farmers cultivated the wheat crop after Non-BT cotton were technically more efficient compared to those who cultivated w...
Arifa Khan1*, Shazia Erum2, Naveeda Riaz1, Abdul Ghafoor2 and Farhat Ali Khan3
...ulture Research Center Islamabad, Pakistan during autumn 2016-2017. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were recorded on sprouting, plant height, number of tubers per plant, average tuber weight per plant, tuber shape, skin, flesh color, number of eyes per tuber, sensory evaluation and proximat...
Hala Rajab1, Muhammad Sayyar Khan1*, Safdar Hussain Shah1 and Syed Mehar Ali Shah2
...unds containing sulfur, play vital roles in the plant’s survival under abiotic and biotic stresses. Cysteine (Cys) is the first organic molecule in the cell containing reduced sulfur and acts as a precursor for many sulfur-containing compounds including Glutathione (GSH). GSH functions to protect the plants against different forms of stresses. In this study, the feedback-insensitive ...
Muhammad Naeem Khan* and Asad Jan
...is an annual herbaceous plant and has been utilized for the treatment of different ailments like asthma, cold, influenza, head ach, liver and digestive problems and healing of wounds. The aim of the study was to explore phytochemical constituents of methanolic crude extract (MCE) and various solvent fractions and in-vitro antimicrobial activities of whole plant of D. botrys. Qualitative phytochemical screening of MCE and sol...
Yousaf Noor*, Zahir Shah and Muhammad Tariq
...fields in Dubandai and Palai area of District Malakand of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during 2009-2010. A randomized complete block experiment with split plot arrangement was used. Methods of application (Soil and Foliar) were assigned to main plots while micronutrients (Zn @2.5 kg ha-1, B @ 2.5 kg ha-1 and Zn plus B) were kept in subplots. The results showed that Zn, B and Zn + B and their methods of application significan...
Saad ud Din Khan1, Syed Rashid Ali1 and Sanam Wagma Khattak2*
...r due to exchange rate volatility using the Cobb Douglas production function. The data (1973 to 2018) of different variables collected from various sources. Moving Average Standard Deviation is used to measure the Exchange rate volatility and results confirm the long-run effect of exchange rate volatility on cotton production in Pakistan. For checking th...
Saifullah* and Ihsan Mabood Qazi
...-align: justify;">Due to lake of information regarding the wheat varieties grown in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, this study was design to investigate the chemical composition, functional properties and microstructure of fine wheat flour (FWF) and whole wheat flour (WWF) of the selected varieties. These varieties were collected from different research stations located in the province. The grains were milled using laboratory scale flou...
Tanveer Ahmad1*, Muhammad Mujtaba Rafiq1, Waqas Ahmed Dogar2, Abid Mahmood Alvi3, Qumer Iqbal4, Muhammad Azam5 and Arshad Ali Khan6
...ica L.). Healthy phalsa plants were fertilized with P2O5 @ 50g, 100g and 150g plant-1. Data were recorded on number of fruit bush-1, yield bush-1 (kg), single fruit weight (g), fruit diameter (cm), number of fruiting nodes, length of new shoot (cm), number of sprouted shoots cane-1 and leaf area (cm2). Treatments were applied under Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in triplicates and means were compared by Tukey’...
Muhammad Abdul Qayyum1*, Farhat Bashir2, Muhammad Mudassar Maqbool3, Anser Ali3, Saqib Bashir1 and Qaiser Abbas4
...red a severe threat for plants seed germination because it has highest concentration of soluble salts. This study aims to examine the effect of NaCl salt at 100 mM and 200 mM concentrations on linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) germination, plant growth, nutrients and soluble salts uptake. The results revealed that tested four linseed genotypes showed an overall germination rate of 86-94% at 100 mM NaCl (T2) and 78-84% at 200 ...
Raheel Saqib1*, Muhammad Luqman2, Iqbal Javed3, Abdur Rehman4, Muhammad Yaseen2, Saleem Ashraf5 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed2
...e of farm and non-farm related strategies to secure their livelihoods. Findings of chi-square statistics showed highly significant association (P<0.05) between agricultural diversification strategies being adopted by households in the situation of changing climate and income level of households. It was found that social capital was highly influenced and depends upon income level of households as majority (67.0%) of the poor people with low income level had ...
Umar Hayat1*, Shahid Ali1, Abdul Mateen2 and Hazrat Bilal2
... of the fundamental postulates of economic development in developing and emerging economies is the alleviation of poverty through agricultural led growth. Pakistan being an agrarian in nature is striving its best to fight against poverty, unemployment and unequal income distribution. Although, Agricultural growth is considered an important instrument for alleviation in poverty, but still its proper measurement is scarce in studies. To examine and analyze the n...
Sibgha Noreen*, Sumrina Faiz, Muhammad Salim Akhter, Kausar Hussain Shah
...nds which have low molecular weight. These molecules help the plants to regulate osmotic adjustment and to enhance abiotic stress tolerance in plants. This study was aimed to examine mitigation effects of different osmoprotectants (salicylic acid, ascorbic acid, proline and their admixture) @ 200 mgL-1 on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) grown under sali...
Shahid Ali1*, Farhan1, Murtaza1, Neelum Andaleeb2 and Amjad Ali1
...ticides and weedicides), labor and tractor hours were statistically significant with the coefficients of -0.027, 0.090, 0.060, 0.223 and 0.056, respectively. The estimated results of SFP model-2 revealed that household’s education level was having negative and significant effect on technical inefficiency. Among the sampled respondents owners were technically more inefficient as compared to the tenants. Farm size was having negative and significant effect...
Betül Ayça Dönmez, Sarbesh Das Dangol and Allah Bakhsh*
... for transformation of Solanum chacoense diploid M6 potato using tetraploid S. tuberorsum cv. Desiree as a control using five different Agrobacterium strains harboring pBIN19 binary vector that further contains gusA gene, interrupted by an intronic sequence, under the control of 35S CaMV promoter. After transformation, we analyzed the transformation efficiencies of each of the Agrobacterium strains using the histochemical GUS analysis. The highest gusA gene tr...
Muhammad Asghar Hassan1, Imran Bodlah1*, Ayesha Aihetasham2,Muhammad Adnan Bodlah3, Khadim Hussain4
...ic note on Baccha maculata Walker, 1852, supplementary photographs, habitat information, previous distribution and remarks are provided.
...
Hanif Ullah1, Muhammad Inayat Ullah Khan2, Suleman3, Sawar Khan1,Salma Javed4, Abdul Qadeer1, Mohsin Nawaz1, Sardar Azhar Mehmood4
...sures.
...
Olufisayo Bamidele* and Safiriyu Idowu Ola
...ted the fertility of non-lactating rabbit does artificially induced with Salmon Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (sGnRHa). Forty multiparous rabbit does were randomly divided into four groups of ten does each in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The does in the control were naturally mated; the does in the other groups were at the moment of Artificial Insemination (AI) intramuscularly injected with 5µg/kgBW,...
Muhammad Furqan Shahid1*, Tahir Yaqub1, Muhammad Yasin Tipu2, Asim Aslam2, Saima Yaqub1, Aziz-ul-Rahman3, Muzaffar Ali1
... viral infections particularly low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) H9N2, which can bring exceptional abatement in trade of poultry products in endemic countries such as Pakistan. The current study was conducted to evaluate the infectious and antigenic potential of three different AIV (A/H9N2) variants isolated from commercial, backyard poultry and fancy birds (partridge). Commercial broiler birds were infected exper...
Shaukat Ali1,*, Sadia Batool2, Fatima Javed Butt2, Sundas Nasreen1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1
...div>...
Khaled Kaboudi*
...try worldwide. It was isolated from many species of domestic and wild birds. Infection in commercial poultry flocks causes important economic losses, related to high mortality, decrease in animal performance and aggravation of infection by other pathogens. Although H9N2 is endemic in many regions of the world, such as Middle East and North Africa, where the first outbreaks were described since the end of 1990s, many features...
Shwe Yee Win1, Lat Lat Htun1, Myint Myint Hmoon1, Hla Myet Chel1, Yu Nandi Thaw1, Nyein Chan Soe1, Htet Lin Oo3 and Saw Bawm2*
...testinal parasites in village chickens from four Townships (Mawlamyine, Nyaung U, Zay Yar Thi Ri and Katha) of Myanmar from April to June 2019. A total of 200 faecal samples were randomly collected from village chickens. Centrifugal sugar floatation and sedimentation methods were carried out to detect the gastrointestinal parasites. The overall occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in v...
Ankur Abrol, Madhumeet Singh, Akshay Sharma* and Pravesh Kumar
... of dairy industry which lays a considerable impact on farmers economically. From a clinical frame of reference, the etiology of dystocia is either of maternal or fetal origin although the exact etiology is multifaceted. Uterine torsion is considered as one of major contributors among the maternal causes. This condition exerts considerable stress on the animal and if not treated promptly, it can lead to deterioration of liver and kidney functions resulting in ...
Hafiz Muhammad Arsalan1, Maria Altaf1, Zeemal Seemab Amin1, Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan2, Anum Shahzadi1, Hina Mudasser1, Iqra Maqsood1, Nazia Gulshan1, Saira Naseem3
...ration body matrix osteoblast, resorption bone via osteoclasts. Rheumatoid arthritis allied with considerable levels pain, tiredness, disability, reduced distinction life. Precise pathogenesis job rheumatoid factor not known, through formation immune complexes engross establishment harmonize. To determine the correlation between Anti-Oxidants and Biochemical status in Rheumatoid Arthritis ...
Fizza Anwar1, Muddassar Zafar1*, Zahid Anwar1, Raja Tahir Mehmood2
...l metabolites included Aflatrem, Monacolin K, Fusarubin and Tautomycetin. Different fermentation parameters were optimized to produce antimicrobial agents using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and best results were obtained at 45°C temperature, 5.5 pH, 5 mL inoculum concentration, 1.5 mL banana peel as substrate and 20 days incubation time. The antimicrobial activity of secondary metabolites was tested against Streptococcus ag
Tanzeela Riaz, Fiza Sana-Ullah Khan, Farah Rauf Shakoori
...he current research was planned to isolate, screen and optimize mannanase production from Bacillus megaterium from decayed fruits. Microorganisms were isolated from fruits, soil and water samples obtained from different localities of Lahore city, Pakistan. Locally isolated microorganisms were screened for their mannanase producing characteristics ...
Muhammad Ramzan1*, Muhammad Nadeem1, Masood Maqbool1, Ghulam Murtaza2
...the attack of thrips population. Among all tested varieties, NIAB-78 and MNH-886 were found most resistant and susceptible against thrips, respectively. The mean population of thrips on MNH-886 and NIAB-78 were recorded 5.43 and 3.49 per plant, respectively. The study revealed that NIAB-98 (4.92/plant) and NIAB-999 (4.92/pla
Nadia Saeed1, Mian Sayed Khan2, Habib Ahmad3, Muzafar Shah4*
...o estimate the ratio of plant parasitic nematodes associated with Walnut (Juglans regia L.) in different areas of Hazara Division, KP, Pakistan. Soil samples collected from walnut trees showed that Abbottabad and Mansehra had both parasitic and saprophytic nematodes whereas Kohistan had only saprophytic nematodes. Helicotylenchus sp. was found in abundance from Abbottabad and Mansehra alongwith other parasitic ...
Ali Mujtaba Shah1,2,3, Ali Raza Shah3, Muhammad Farooque Hassan2, Muhammad Yousif2, Zhisheng Wang1*
...ecretion of the mammary glands produced before parturition. It is recommended that neonates must ingest colostrum to develop passive immunity. Regardless of placental structure and transfer of immunity in utero, ingestion of colostrum after birth also confers additional protection by binding to intestinal receptors which could otherwise be bound by bacteria. Moreover, the adequate colostrum reduces neonatal mortality, streng...
Naila Riaz1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2, Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar1, Ali Hassan2, Shaukat Ali2, Shafaat Yar Khan1
... venom fractions were isolated from the crude venom of Hottentota tamulus (Fabricius, 1798) and Androctonus finitimus (Pocock, 1897) by HPLC. The toxicity and acetylcholinesterase activity of selected venom fractions were determined using of Musca domestica adults. Only one fraction (out of 7) from H. tamulus venom and one fraction (out of 5) of A. finitimus venom were selected on the basis of their maximum yield. The approxi...
Sobia Nazir1, Muhammad Irfan1*, Muhammad Nadeem2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3*, Muhammad Khan3, Shaukat Ali4, Quratulain Syed2
...de was used for cellulase production in solid state fermentation (SSF) using seed pods of Bombyx ceiba as substrate. Three parameters were used such as inoculum size (1, 5.5 and 10%), medium volume (1, 3 and 5ml) and incubation period (3, 4, 5 days) to observed the maximum activity of cellulase using Box-Bhenken design of response surface methodology. Maximum activity of CMCase (0.700 IU/gds/min) and FPase (0.260 ...
Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Palwasha Jabeen, Chand Raza, Shaukat Ali
...ctions according to the gland producing them. The silk in mulberry and non-mulberrys silkworms also varies from each other. Spidroin is the protein found in spider silk while silkworm silk is made up of an inner core of fibroin and outer layer of sericin protein. After the removal of sericin, silk is non-immunogenic and non-allergic. It is a renowned biomaterial due to its biocompatible nature. Silk proteins have been found ...
Hafiza Sadaf Zahra1, Asia Iqbal2, Sayyeda Hira Hassan1, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1*, Muhammad Khan1*, Muhammad Irfan3, Chaman Ara1, Shaukat Ali4
...inhibits production of melatonin (MLT) from pineal gland which results in abnormal epigenetic changes that relates with an increased risk of BC. The most important ALAN-mediated epigenetic changes include methylation of DNA and acetylation of histo...
Rimsha Munir1, 2*
...nt cancer cell lines display altered–either decreased or increased– proliferation rates when cultivated as 3D tumor spheroids. The presented work aimed to study the interplay between cell proliferation rates and metabolic stress in 2D and 3D cell culture systems. Two cell line models (HepG2; liver cancer cell line and HCT-116; colorectal cancer cell line) were selected that showed inverse proliferation trends und...
Mehwish Faheem1*, Maleeha Rafeeq1, Aisha Majeed1 and Saba Khaliq2
...ife especially, fish population. Effect of acute exposure of low concentrations of BPA (10, 100, 1000 µg/l) on liver cyp1a1 and heat shock proteins mRNA level was evaluated using real time qPCR. Results revealed that exposure to bisphenol A caused decrease expression of cyp1a1 in a concentration dependent manner. Exposure to graded concentrations of bisphenol-A resulted in significant increase in mRNA expression of heat shock proteins (h...
Haq Aman Ullah1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Ijaz2, Aqeel Javeed3, Muqadder Shah1 and Ikramul Haq1
...arcinogenic metabolite aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk and to investigate the effects of low doses of dietary aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on physiological biomarkers with special reference to udder health and serum parameters of lactating goats. Thirty two lactating Beetal goats of 3-4 y age, weighing 40.91±0.285, were randomly selected, and equally divided i...
Abu ul Hassan Faiz1,*, Fakhar-i-Abbas2, Mehboob ul Hassan3 and Lariab Zahra Faiz1
...mall mammalian pest, for large mammals spot light count and for birds point count methods were used to determine abundance of each species. The study, documented 10 species of mammalian pests, 13 species of pest birds of maize crop and their population density differed significantly (P≤ 0.05) at study sites. The habitat analysis of study sites and correlation of species with habitat wer...
Muhammad Shoaib1,3*, Arif Ismiyev2,Khudaverdi Ganbarov3, Aygun Israyilova3 and Sajid Umar4
...s involving ethyl-3 (allylamino)-9,9-dimethyl- 7,11-dioxo-1,5-diphenylspiro[5.5]undec-2-en-2-carboxylate (I), ethyl-4,6-diphenyl-2- dicyanomethylene cyclohex-3-ene 1-carboxylate (II) and ethyl-4-phenyl-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- dicyanomethylenecyclohex-3-ene 1-carboxylate (III).Initially, these compounds were screened for in vitro antimicrobial activi...
Shahid Sherzada1,2,4,*, Muhammad Naeem Khan4, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Muhammad Idrees3, Abdul Wajid2, Muhammad Nauman Sharif3, Muhammad Shahzad Iqbal3, Iram Amin3 and Muhammad Shahid3
...o rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala, Catla catla)are very suitable fish species for culture in Pakistan. However, the identification and phylogeny of these fish species are of much interest today. DNA barcoding is used as a bio-identification tool for the organism globally. The current study was also conducted for the fast and accurate identification of Indian major carp species. The fishes us...
Syed Maaz Nadeem1*, Muti ur Rehman Khan1, Asim Aslam1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1, Arfan Ahmad1* and Muhammad Anees2
...quires continuous surveillance of disease and understanding of local field CAV strains. The CAVs have been reported previously both in broiler chicken and layer birds in Pakistan; however, their molecular characterization is largely inadequate and requires continuous evaluation. In this study, sequencing and molecular ...
Chaman Ara1*, Asmatullah1, Sehrish Kanwa1, Asma Chaudhary2, Ayesha Siddiqua1
...sup> day (24 hours after last dose administered) under deep chloroform anaesthesia. Blood was extracted through cardiac puncture and viscera were dissected out for further analysis. Levofloxacin induced reduction in body weight while caused a noticeable increase in liver, kidney and testis weights. Significant increase in levels of total alkaline aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin was observed in bloo...
Chaman Ara1*, Asmatullah1, Zainab Riaz1, Memoona1, Asma Chaudhary2, Shagufta Andleeb2
...araben is among the top class preservatives used in food, pharmaceutical agents, drinks, beautifying agents and numerous different items. So purpose of study was to determine the possible hepatic and nephrotoxic effects of Butyl paraben in mice and to explore the possible curative and protective impacts of turmeric. Fifty mice randomly divided in five groups, i.e. Control, dose group (BP), dose and antidote group (BP+AD), vehicle control group (VC) and antidot...
Peng Chen1,2, Zuhao Huang3,Chaoying Zhu1, Yuqing Han1, Zhifeng Xu1,
Guanglong Sun1, Zhen Zhang1, Dongqin Zhao4, Gang Ge1 and Luzhang Ruan1*
...nt in the 73 species was larger than that of GC. The start codons in protein-coding genes (PCGs) included ATG, GTG, ATT, ATC and ATA, while its stop codons included TAA, TAG, AGG, AGA and the incomplete cipher T. In PCGs, the highest frequency of codon was CTA (Leu). The highest frequency of amino acids was Leu, whereas the lowest was Cys. In phylogenetic analyses, Gruiformes included Grui and Ralli, and Charadriformes included Charadrii, Lari and Scolopaci. T...
Mahnoor Pervez and Farkhanda Manzoor*
...s collected through capillary method allied with centrifugation. The HPLC technique was used for fast and simple detection of pesticide residues of commonly used pesticides (imidacloprid, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos, fipronil, thiamethoxam, carbaryl, profenophos and bifenthrin). Among a total of 100 pollen samples, 47% were found to be positive. The most frequently found residues were imidacloprid (11%), thiamethoxam (7%) and carbaryl (6%). Among all 100 nectar...
Turab Ali Kaurajo1*, Huma Rizwana1, Gulbahar Khaskheli2, Muhammad Haroon Baloch1, Muhammad Naeem Rajput1, Asad Ali Khaskheli3 and Mohsin Solangi1
...rimary passed. Among the land holders, each sedentary and household camel herders possessed 1 to 5 acres land where they grew Rabbi and Kharif crops. The production systems were 45% of sedentary, 26.6% transhumant, 18.3% nomadic and 10% house hold. The age of 60% camel herders were found between 25 to 50 years, 28.33% between 50 to 60, 8.33% above 60 while 3.33% below 25 years. Incidence of protozoa were more common at study...
Imran1*, Amanullah1, Muhammad Arif1, Zahir Shah2 and Abdul Bari3
...gi) along with seed inoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) (Pseudomonas) and phosphorus (P) on weeds frequency, and biomass at various growth stages of soybean and its yield contributing parameters. The consecutive field experiments for years 2016 and 2017 using randomized complete block design (RCBD) were conducted on soybean (cv. Malakand-96) crop. Experimental treatments included three organic sources, three...
Sana Munir1, Muhammad Kamran Qureshi1*, Ahmad Naeem Shahzad2, Ismat Nawaz3, Muhammad Shahzad Anjam4, Sumaira Rasul4 and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar5
...d exotic line were unsimilar and far apart from intraspecific hybrids. Results of linkage cluster analysis (LCA) revealed that among four clusters, performance of genotypes in cluster 3 was superior. PCA and LCA showed that interspecific hybrids showed highest diversity from intraspecific hybrids and concluded that intraspecific hybrids had narrow genetic basis, which can be altered by using interspecific hybrids or exotic lines. These genotypes can be exploit...
Manzoor1*, Ahmad Khan1, Amir Sohail2, Shahzad Ali1, Fawad Ali Shah3, Junaid Iqbal3, Muhammad Owais Khan4 and Sultan Nawaz4
...ign: justify;">Water regulations have decreased irrigation water supplies in KPK and some other semi-arid areas of the Pakistan. When available water is not enough to meet crop water requirements during the entire growing cycle, it becomes critical to know the proper irrigation timing that would maximize yields and profits. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of water stress imposed at low and high sensit...
Javeria Zafar1, Asif Nadeem1*, Maryam Javed1, Fehmeeda Fatima1, Wasim Shehzad1, Ghulam Abbas1, Rajput Zahid Iqbal2 and Muhammad Muddassir Ali1
...ermin its phylogenetic relationship with other capra species. Blood samples were collected from Kirthar National Park, Sindh, Pakistan. PCR product was sequenced bi-directionally using dideoxy chain termination method after mitochondrial ATPase8/6 genes amplification. Polymorphism, Genetic diversity and Phylogenetic analysis were carried out by the MUSCLE, DnaSP and MEGA6 tools. Total of 20 variations at different positions were found in aligned sequenc...
Qaisar Jamal*, Akram Shah, Syed Basit Rasheed and Muhammad Adnan
...lture, log, mid-log, and late-log phases were observed respectively on day 4, 5 and 6. The stationary phase was observed on day 7. The day following inoculation, most of the promastigotes were nectomonads having long and slender bodies with roughly uniform width from anterior to near posterior end, having as long flagella as one and a half to twice the b...
Aftab Shaukat1,2,*, Tauseef ur Rehman3, Rizwan Shukat4, Shahid Ali Rajput5,
Shadab Shaukat6, Muhammad Ahsan Naeem2,5,8, Mubashar Hassan2,5, Tabassam Fatima2,5,
Fayyaz Ahmad1, Muhammad Usman Saleem7, Fatima Arooj1, Ashar Mehfooz2 and Anas Sarwar Qureshi2
...nking water was made available round the clock. Exposed does were mated naturally and bucks were inducted to the exposed does for 30 minutes at morning and evening daily for teasing purpose to identify does in estrus, while separate them for breeding with enlisted buck. Mean values of Fertility rate and kidding rate in T1 and T2 were 75% vs 85% and 150% vs 176 % (p<0.01) showing significantly higher rate is in T2 group. The ...
Barkat Ali1,2, Wasim Sajjad1,2,3, Imran Khan1, Muhammad Rafiq1, Sahib Zada1, Aamer Ali Shah1 and Fariha Hasan1,*
...study was designed to isolate endolithic and epilithic bacterial strains from the rapidly weathering rocks collected from Nathiagali, Pakistan to characterize and screen them for antimicrobial activity. The isolates were identified based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Antibacterial activity of the isolates was checked against ATCC strains E. coli, Staphylococcus aur...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2*,Mujahid Manzoor1, Zubair Aslam3 and Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad1, 2
...ous.
...
Iffat Nawaz1*, Farhatullah1, Fida Muhammad1, Sajid Ali2 and Ghulam Muhammad Ali3
...xt-align: justify;">Germplasm evaluation is of great importance in breeding and crop improvement. Common bean accessions grown by the farming community in Himalaya region are an important source of genetic diversity. A total of 96 indigenous accessions of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were collected from three different areas of Himalaya region of Pakistan. In all accessions, 78.1% ...
Syeda Naila, Muhammad Ibrar, Fazal Hadi* and Muhammad Nauman Khan
...sophyll region with vascular bundle and the lower epidermis. The leaf features showed that palisade ratio was (7.35), vein islets number (9), and vein termination number (9.1), stomata number (47) and stomatal index were (42.72). Transverse section of the root showed outer epidermal cells, cortex and pericycle, xylem and phloem cells. Powder drug microscopy, ash analysis, extractive values and fluorescence analysis were also studied. Preliminary phytochemical ...
Fariha Latif1*, Muhammad Javed2, Hammad Ahmad Khan2 and Khalil-Ur-Rehman3
...ffects of Pb on bioaccumulation and oxidative stress in the liver, kidney, gills, muscles and brain of Cirrhina mrigala. The 120-days old fish were exposed to 1/4th (11.81mgL-1) and 2/3rd (31.49mgL-1) of 96-h LC50 of water-borne Pb for three fortnights (42 days) in glass aquaria at pH 7.5, temperature 30°C and total hardness...
Sanaullah1, Fazli Rabbi2*, Shahid Ali2, Zeeshan Khan3 and Muhammad Zamin4
...V) survey conducted in Kalam valley, which is a famous tourist and biodiversity hot spot. The valley has remained underdeveloped in terms of infrastructure, tourists’ information facilities, telecommunication, affordable public transport system, and comfortable accommodation for the tourists. In the past few years, the development of this tourists’ spot has been neglected in the public development budget. Moreover, due to the war against militancy ...
Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,2, Abdul Majid Khan2*, Ayesha Iqbal2, Amtur Rafeh2, Muhammad Tahir Waseem2 and Muhammad Ameen2
...ccurrence of enamel hypoplasia in extinct tragulids. The dental defect, enamel hypoplasia is caused by suppressed function of enamel forming cells called ameloblasts. It is used as a reliable stress marker in different extinct mammalian taxa to trace out the level of ecological stress faced by these animals during their life histories. We have studied this defect in three extinct Siwalik t...
Ghulam Hussain1, Muhammad Asrar1, Dilbar Hussain2, Khurum Zia3, Abdul Rashid4*, Hina Anwar5, Muhammad Azeem1, Saddam Hussain1 and Sabeen Asghar1
...are the commercially available pesticides and indigenously available plant extracts. The efficacy of following insecticides and plant extracts viz. Cascabela thevetia leaf extract @ 300ml/acre, Azadirachta indica @ 300ml/acre, Profenofos @600ml/acre., Crown 70WS @125gm/acre, Match 50EC@250ml/acre, Helmat 40EC@600ml/acr...
Qamar Zeb1*, Silvia I. Rondon2, Hayat Badshah,1 and Arsalan Khan1
...quo;rabi’ in local language) season. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates per treatment/cultivar. Population of aphids, and numbers of parasitoids and predators were recorded at weekly intervals. Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus, Schizaphis graminum Rondani, and Sitobion avenae Fabricius were the predominant aphid species (Homoptera: Aphididae). Two spec...
Zübeyde Kumbıçak1,* and Hatice Poyraz2
...rratichelis using a classical Giemsa staining method. We collected specimens from different populations in Nevşehir and used totally fourteen male spiders. The two Drassodes species had karyotypes comprising 10 pairs of autosomes plus sex chromosomes which were X1X20 (♂) type. All chromosomes including sex chromosomes were telocentric and relative length...
Sumaira Abbas1, Muhammad Sultan Haider2,*, Fatima Kafayet1, Sana Ashraf2, Atifa Masood3 and Moazma Batool4
...n was determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and found satisfactory. By mixing fish meal, sunflower meal and rice polish four treatment diets, T1, T2, T3, were prepared and citrus peel powder was added @ 200g, 400g and 600g/ 1000g, respectively. While fourth one, control diet (To) was without citrus peels. These is nitrogenous diets (30% protein) were offered to Carassius auratus juvenile having body we...
Tanweer Kumar1, Sahib Zada2,3,Muhammad Irfan4,*, Huma Batool5 and Wasim Sajjad2,6
...nfection among a mix population of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This study highlighted the relationship between HBV, demographic, clinical parameters and the risk factors in patients with HBV. A total of 4,758 blood samples from the mixed population were collected including 2382 male 2376 females. All the samples were subjected to hepatitis B surface antigen Immuno-chromatograph...
Zekeriya Demir1 and Hatice Kaya2*
...some blood parameters of laying hens. A total of 96 Lohmann layers, 28 weeks of age, were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments and fed a control diet (Pol-0), basal diet plus 0.5% (Pol-1), 1.0% (Pol-2) and 1.5% (Pol-3) bee pollen. The present study lasted for twelve weeks. During the experimental period, the hens were fed ad-libitum and water was avai<...
Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1*, Javed Iqbal Qazi2, Abdul Shakoor Chaudhry2, Muhammad Irfan3, Muhammad Khan1, Shaukat Ali4 and Saima Shahzad Mirza5
...dy was to study bioaccumulation potential of selected metals (chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) in fish scales. A study was conducted on total 216 fish specimens, comprised of 3 fish species (Catla catla (thaila), Labeo rohita (rohu) and Cirrhinus mriga
Urooba Pervaiz1*, Madeeha Iqbal1 and Dawood Jan2
...ly selected from five villages and data were collected through interview schedule. It was found that majority farmers were literate up to middle; young farmers showed more positive attitude towards extension recommendations, 93% farmers knew extension workers both by name and face and also knew extension recommendations, but they faced problems like small land holding, high prices of inputs, poor financial position and
Rahat Naz*, Mussawar Shah, Asad Ullah, Intikhab Alam and Younas Khan
...ected from the total population of 10142 through proportional allocation method. The conceptual framework comprised of two study variables i.e “agriculture production” and “climate change effects on human life”. To established association between the study variables the perception of climate change effect on human life was indexed and cross tabulated with local response to agricultural production at b...
Waseem Abbas1, Shakeel-ur-Rehman2, Abdul Rashid2, Muhammad Kamran3, Muhammad Atiq2 and Muhammad Ehetisham ul Haq3*
...Leaves extracts of four plant extracts i.e. Calotropis gigantea, Zingiber officinale, Allium cepa and Azadirachta indica were evaluated at 3 % concentration against eggs hatchability and adult emergence of the whitefly in lab condition. Two consecutive sprays were applied to assess the relative impact of different plant extracts against adult whitefly po...
Hassnain1, Abdul Basit1*, Mehboob Alam1, Imran Ahmad1, Izhar Ullah1, Noor Alam2, Inayat Ullah3, Muhammad Areeb Khalid1, Muhammad Shair4 and Noor ul Ain1
...se a severe decrease in plant growth, development and yield. Application of chitosan helps to induce drought resistance and improved water use efficiency. Therefore, a research study was planned to investigate the effect of chitosan on growth and yield of tomato (Cv. Rio Grande) plant under water stress condition at Ornamental Nursery, Department of Horticulture, The University of Agricult...
Roshan Ali1, Afsar Ali2, Shamsher Ali2, Muhammad Arshad Khan3*, Haroon Shahzad3, Noman Latif3, Muhammad Waheed4, Ashraf Khan5 and Murad Ali6
...n: justify;">Feeding escalating population is challenge of the time with ever declining resources. To address this, issue several approaches are under consideration. Nutrient application/addition is one of the best known and adopted strategies. A field experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Institute (ARI) Mingora Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in summer 2016 aiming the effect of silicon fertilizer applied to acidic soil...
Awais Bin Shahid1, Moolchand Malhi1,*, Saeed Ahmed Soomro1, Muhammad Giasuddin Shah2, Nazeer Hussain Kalhoro3, Asmatullah Kaka4, Rajoo Mal1, Muhammad Awais Soomro1, Saba Parveen Samo1 and Muhammad Nawaz Sanjrani5
...rmentation pattern, papillae morphology and antioxidant status in rumen of goats. A total of ten goats were randomly divided into two groups; control (C, n=5) and selenium yeast (SY, n=5). Animals were fed concentrate (2 % BW) as basal diet without (C) or with selenium yeast (SY, @ 0.3 mg.Se.kg-1.diet) supplementation. Hay and water was provided ad libitum. The results revealed that the molar c...
Khursheed Ahmed, Shoaib Freed*, Rana Fartab Shoukat and Kanwar Waqas Ahmad
...mbined effect of some isolates of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Isaria fumosorosea and six synthetic insecticides i.e., triazophos, imidacloprid, bifenthrin, nitenpyram, pyreproxifin and lambda cyhalothrin against O. hyalinipennis. The efficacy of these microbial agents could be enhanced by applying in combination with insecticides. Five concentrations i.e., 1×...
Nazir Ahmad Khan1,*, Mudassir Alam1, Rafiullah khan1, Kamran Khan2 and Sadeeq ur Rahman3
...aluated the effect of replacing conventional maize (CM) with QPM in broiler feed on bird’s performance, diet digestibility, nitrogen retention, meat amino acids profile and farm profitability. Grains of QPM200 and QPM300 hybrids, approved by Pakistan maize variety evaluation committee in January 2017, were provided by International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Pakistan. The content of CP was higher in QPM300 (10.8% dry matter (DM)) and QP...
Asima Rani1,*, Syed Kashif Nawaz2 and Muhammad Arshad3
...daptor-protein gene in malaria susceptibility and clinical outcomes upon P. falciparum and P. vivax exposure. Blood samples of 228 malaria patients and 226 healthy controls were selected from the local population. Malarial samples were divided in to complicated malaria (N=89) and mild ma
Hazrat Ali1,2,*, Ezzat Khan1,* and Muhammad Jamal Nasir3
...h species of River Shah Alam, a tributary of River Kabul in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The different environmental samples were collected from the river, downstream the city of Peshawar, and analyzed for the selected heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Heavy metal accumulation was studied in muscles of six fish species collected from the river. Heavy metal accumulation ...
Ammara Blouch1, Ata ul Mohsin2, Muhammad Naeem2 and Rashid Mahmood1*
...sted against three early larval instars of S. litura under laboratory conditions using leaf dip method. Mortality was recorded after three and seven days of exposure. The results indicated that larval mortality increased with time and Turex (Bt sub speciess kurstaki and aizawai)after 3 days of exposure caused significantly higher mortality i.e 46.43, 43.4...
Chiping Kong1,2, Yongheng Wu1,2, Shangling Lou1, Benping Chen3, Simon D. Dowell4 and Yiqiang Fu1*
...of male Emei Shan Liocichla, a vulnerable babbler that inhabits dense vegetation. We recorded territorial songs of male Emei Shan Liocichla from Laojunshan National Nature Reserve during the breeding season of 2016, in southern Sichuan, China. We used three methods to compare the acoustic difference among and within individuals. The results demonstrated that male Emei Shan Liocichlas had i...
Awais Ahmed Khan1*, Zafar Iqbal1 and Muhammad Atiq2
....33 mmol/ mg FW) and catalase (CAT) was higher (91 U/min g protein) in fruit treated with ascorbic acid as compared to control (22.67 U/min g protein) treatment. These results indicated that application of organic elicitors could increase the disease resistance by H2O2 elevation and by induction of antioxidant enzymes. This study was planned to evaluate the organic elicitors and to determine the biochemical changes in citrus...
Shazia Akhtar1, Abdul Samad1*, Afshan Gohar1, Muhammad Munir Shahid2, Muhammad Ishtiaq1, Arslan Sarwer1, Adnan Khan1 and Karam Ahad1
...peach growers in Swat, Malakand. The current survey described the knowledge, behavior, agricultural practices and pesticides toxicity symptoms among the field workers. Over all 72 orchards from 26 Union Councils were covered. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 21 and sample collection points were presented on map by using software Arc GIS. The response of interviewers was high which indicates their intentions to facilitate the present study. It was found that 12 ...
Noorullah Khan1*, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Fayaz Ahmad1, Sabaz Ali Khan2, Imtiaz Ahmed1, Muhammad Abbas Khan1, Shamsul Islam1, Abdul Waheed1, Basharat Hussain Shah1 and Hussain Shah3
...ings. The experiment was laid out according to randomized complete block design with three replications and 20 four budded branch cuttings of “Hayward” kiwifruit cultivar. The cuttings were treated with different concentration of IBA (0, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 ppm) for ten second and then planted in polythene bags under green net shade. Application of all concentrations of IBA (1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, a...
Fayyaz Hussain*, Raza Ullah Khan, Asim Hayat, Humair Ahmed and Ahmad Khan
...e interval i.e. at transplanting (0 DAT), 15 days after transplanting (15 DAT), and 25 days after transplanting (25 DAT), in addition to control (no P), and farmer fertilizer practice (FFP).Results show that mean paddy yield across both sites range from 2.972 to 4.334t ha-1, and maximum with P applied at 15 DAT, and contrarily the lowest with control treatment.Paddy yield increase over con...
Huanxin Zhang1,2, Hongshuo Tang3, Jun Chen1, Yu Zang1,2, Xuexi Tang1,2,* and Ying Wang1,2,*
...>...
Hu Liu1,2, Qifang Yu1,2, Xiaopeng Tang1,2, Chengkun Fang1,2, Sijia Chen1,2 and Rejun Fang1,2,*
... antioxidant capacity in laying hens. Seven-hundred and twenty 21-week-old healthy Roman laying hens with a similar laying rate were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates of 24 hens. The experiment was designed by 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two sources of Se and two levels of Se. The hens in control group were fed a basal diet with...
Mubasher Ahmad Malik1, Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad2, Muhammad Jalal Arif1 and Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,*
...moth.
...
Honghua Wang1,2, Summia Perveen1,2, Shucheng Shao1,2, Kun Wang1,2 and Fei Yin1,2,*
...with a theoretical molecular weight of 11.53–610.90 kDa and an isoelectric point of 4.13–11.77. A total of 63.07% or 50.09% proteins were annotated by Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) or Gene Ontology (GO) terms, respectively. These results highlight that mass material is transported and catabolised and growth- and death-related proteins are highly expressed, including a number of vesicle-mediated ...
Detection and Phylogeny of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) during Field Outbreaks in Broilers
Umm-i-Habiba1,*, Ayesha Maqbool2, Muhammad Safdar3, Nida Zia1, Altaf Mehmood4, Muhammad Usman5, Mehwish Sharif6, Amanullah Khan7 and Sajid Umar8
...and PCR. A total of 6 isolates of IBDV from these outbreaks were genetically characterized based on hyper-variable region of the VP2 gene. IBDV strains were grouped into two distinct clusters on the basis of nucleotide sequences of hyper-variable region of the VP2 gene. According to phylogenetic analysis, 5 IBDV strains showed characteristic amino acid signatures in the VP2 gene (A222, I242, I256, I294, S299) and c
Bibi Nazia Murtaza1, Mazhar Saeed Chaudry2, Shamaila Inayat Nadeem1, Muhammad Shahid Nadeem3 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori4,*
...lved in the negative regulation of PI3K pathway. Mutations in upstream kinases, growth factor receptors or intrinsic members of cascades can lead to induce or promote cancers. Number of somatic mutations in several genes, majority of which are involved in chromatin modification and transcriptional regulation, have been reported in NHL. G468R and G468A mutations in BRAF gene have been reported in NHL, BRAF is a member ...
Jawad Ali*, Ibad Ullah Jan and Hidayat Ullah
...s the number of leaves, plant height, number of branches, stem dry weight, root dry weight, fruit diameter, number of fruit per plant and 1000 seed weight. Visually reduction in vegetative and yield parametric quality okra plant okra were significantly alleviated by the foliar application of Se under drought stress. Se application of 3 mg L−1 significantly increased the number of lea...
Asim Munawar1,2*, Farooq Ahmad1, Aqsa Arshad1, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi3 and Chengjuan Liang4
...ographical locations was largely unknown. To overcome this gap our research was undertaken to evaluate the resistance mechanism in lab and field collected strains of R. dominica and T. castaneum against deltamethrin and phosphine. Results indicated significant difference between lab and field collected pests strains regarding their resistance mechanisms to deltamethrin as well as phosphine...
Kadry A. El-Bakry1, Lamiaa E.M. Deef1*, Lotfy Z. Habbak1 and Samia S. El-Naeli2
...at, PAT causes elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and significantly increases serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) but decrease the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme. On the other hand, in patuilin injected rats and treated with ginger, the activity of ALT, AST and SOD were improved and level of MDA was decreased significantly. The liver and kidney tissues showed markers of improvement after trea...
Muhammad Muneeb1, Muhammad Ayub1, Sher Bahadar Khan2,*, Amjad Sohail1, Farkhanda Jabeen1, Mumtaz Ali Khan3, Amjad Khan4, Kashif Prince3, Asghar Khan5 and Irshad Ahmad6
...ty of cottage cheese available in different areas of Peshawar. The aim of the study was to assess the microbial, physiochemical and sensory characteristics of the selected cheeses. We found that cheese selected from Board bazar (40%) were maximally contaminated with Salmonella on MacConkey Agar and minimum were recorded in Tehkal Region (0%). On same Agar high percentage for Escherichia coli was observed in sam...
Erum Iqbal*, Nasir Mehmood, Nasira Kazi and Shahina Fayyaz
...zapota L. van Royen)plantation at Hub, Balochistan and Gadab, Sindh a number of plant and soil nematodes were encountered. Soil sample analysis revealed two and a known plant parasitic nematode species viz., Paratylenchus manilkarii n. sp., P. sindhicus n. sp.,and Pratylenchus kralli Ryss, 1982 as a new record species. P. manilkarii n. sp., is characterized ...
Romaan Hayat Khattak1,3, Hussain Ali1, Ejaz Ur Rehman1 and
Muhammad Ali Nawaz1, 2*
...es and found in Tibetan Plateau and the bordering massif through Central Asia. In Pakistan the distribution range of species is restricted to higher altitude areas of Northern Areas including Khunjerab and Shimshal. The present study was conducted from 25 September 2014 to 23 October 2014, to estimate the population size of blue sheep in Shimshal and Socterabad Community Controlled Hunting Areas, by employing recently develo...
Umer Iqbal1,* and Tariq Mukhtar2
...ected significantly the plant survival of green gram and black gram over control. Maximum plant survival was observed where the seeds were treated with Benomyl followed by Carbendazim. However, Copper + Mancozeb and Copper oxychloride treated seeds gave the minimum germination and survival of plants. Doses also had a significant effect on the germination...
Sajida Rasool1, Saba Irshad1*, Neelam Saba1, Mehak Fiaz1, Muhammad Sajid Hussain2, MuhammadWajid Hussain3 and Peter Nürnberg2
...daptor protein which regulates the cellular trafficking of cargo molecules crucial for motor neuron growth and maturation. In present study, a Pakistani family of HSP penetrating in autosomal recessive pattern was ascertained. Patients presented spasticity and stiffness of upper and lower limbs, severe microcephaly, dysphagia, no speech, hearing loss and seizures. Genome wide linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing revea...
Mustafa Koyun1*and Şenol Çelik2
...pictorum (glochidial larvae) and D. spathaceum (digenetic trematode) on the weight and sex of the host fish (Mastacembelus mastacembelus) by using some data mining algorithms. During this study, the fish weight (g) and length (mm) of 122 fish were measured. In addition, the distribution of M. heteranchorus and U. pictorum in each lamella of the gills and the...
Muhammad Sohail1*, Imtiaz Hussain2, Maqsood Qamar2, Sikander Khan Tanveer2, Syed Haider Abbas2, Zeshan Ali1 and Muhammad Imtiaz3
... were sown on normal and late planting dates to create variable growing environments under field conditions. Wheat genotypes showed significant variation (p<0.05) under both normal and late planting dates. The genotypes showed a strong correlation among canopy temperature, spike sterility and grain yield under both ...
Muhammad Akbar Ali Shah1, Gamze Özel2, Christophe Chesneau3, Muhammad Mohsin4, Farrukh Jamal5* and Muhammad Faheem Bhatti6
...njab province) and 31 villages selected as samples randomly. Time series data collected from Crop Reporting Service (CRS) for the period of last 10 years (2005-2014) containing 516 cases and 14,964 observations. Two different multiple linear regression (MLR) models are applied to study the relationship between the yield of rice (dependent variable) and the various factors (independent vari...
Ghulam Murtaza1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Fakhar Mujeeb2, Sher Muhammad3, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Ayesha Zafar1
...ha-1. The experiment was laid according to randomized complete block design (RCBD). Sorghum cultivar “Hegari” was grown as a test crop. Data regarding plant parameters such as height of sorghum plants, diameter of stem, number of plants/ m2, total biomass of fresh plants were noted. Among all the treatments...
Muhammad Sohail Memon1*, Khadim Ullah1, Altaf Ali Siyal1,2, Naimatullah Leghari1, Ahmed Ali Tagar1, Khalil Ahmed Ibupoto1, Syed Tahir Ata-ul-karim3, Muhammad Tahir4 and Noreena Memon1
...e root zone was also simulated by HYDRUS-2D. The results reveal that the salts moved upward to the top (upper layers) and concentrated at the center of the ridge for treatments T2 and T3 but leached down from the furrow bottom. Whereas, the simulations carried out by HYDRUS-2D model showed that with increasing size of raised bed, the center of the raised bed did not get the required quanti...
Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz*, Khalil Ahmed, Ghulam Qadir, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Faisal Nawaz and Muhammad Sarfraz
...or food by expanding population, urged upon the scientists to evolve a site-specific crop production technology which not only increases production per unit area but also ensure the quality of daily dietary crops. For this purpose, a series of field experiments were conducted during 2013 to 2015 with objective to optimizing the different levels of nitrogen and the cost-benefit sowing methods for turnip production under moderately salt-affected soils. The exper...
Basharat Hussain Shah*, Farrukh Siyar Hamid, Shams ul Islam, Naveed Ahmed, Fayaz Ahmad, Noorullah Khan and Qamar uz Zaman.
...hat may exist in the available genetic material and to study the variability of yield and yield attributes in advance rice lines. For this purpose, fourteen elite rice lines namely Line-21, Line-25, Line-28, Line-31, Line-37, Line-46, Line-48, Line-50, Line-64, Line-73, Line-80, Line-128, Line-130 and Line-140 developed in the background of Basmati-385 by Department of Genetics, Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan were evaluated along with check variety Swat-1...
Qaisar Mehmood1*, Maqbool Hussain Sial1, Saira Sharif1, Abid Hussain2, Muhammad Riaz3 and Nargis Shaheen4
...gn: justify;">Fisheries play a key role for national income and a source of food in Pakistan. Therefore, forecasting the production of fish is important for better production and for planning of fish export. Objective of this research is to propose suitable Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model for forecasting the production of fisheries, using Box-Jenkins’s (1976) methodology. Secondary data, “5...
Saleha Ashfaq1, Manzoor Hussain1, Nazish Bibi2, Jan Alam1, Muhammad Junaid2 and Sabi-Ur-Rehman3*
...) C.C. a narrow endemic plants of northern areas of Pakistan. The antimicrobial potential of H. gilesii extracts in different solvents was assessed using agar well diffusion method against bacterial and fungal strains, while cytotoxic activity was studied in the methanolic extract using brine shrimp’s lethality assay. All the extracts showed significant biological activity against Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria and selected fungal strains. Acetone...
Muhammad Asim1*, Asghari Bano2, Sikander Khan Tanveer3 and Muhammad Umair Aslam4
...tors. In this study, we elaborated the role of these factors, in rainfed agro-ecology, using data of six genotypes, grown in four sowing windows over six years. The rainfed wheat productivity is predominantly determined by environmental conditions, particularly rainfall induced moisture availability. Hence, the best match between sowing time and the environment prevailed at that time emerg...
Ibrahim Tapki1*, Huseyin Bahadir Ozalpaydin2, Nuran Tapki3, Mehmet Aslan4 and Muhammet Hanifi Selvi1
... on daily basis was calculated as 10% of each calf live weight and was given in two meal times. All calves were kept in individual pens during experimental period. Calves got weaned following the consumption of daily 900 g of concentrate feed over three consecutive days. Results demonstrated that OreganoLow calves marked improved growth performance, earlier weaning age and lower farm costs (P < 0.05) compared to Control and OreganoHigh calves. To conclude, ...
Nihat Tekel1, Ilkay Baritci1, Halit Deniz Sireli1, Muhittin Tutkun1, Ecevit Eyduran2 and Mohammad Masood Tariq3,*
...b>1 crossbred male lambs. In the study, seven male lambs whose weaning weights were almost similar were included in the experiment. The lambs were weaned at 2 months of age. They were fed with ad libitum concentrated feed and 100 g/day wheat straw was given to each animal during the fattening period of 64 days. During the fattening period, it was d...
Sameh S. Tawfik, Ahmed A. Elkady* and Ehab T. Mohamed
...for 6week, then one-hour later after last-treatment, rats were exposed to whole body γ-rays (8Gy). The results revealed that TSE before-irradiation significantly abolish γ-rays-induced alleviation in renal catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (PGx) activities and reduced-glutathione (GSH) content and significantly limited the elevation in serum tumor necrosis factor-&alpha...
Naglaa M. Hagag1*, Mervat E. Hamdy1, Mary A. Sargious1, Sara M. Elnomrosy1, Nahed A. Ahmed1, Ayman A. Hamed1, Ahmed R. Habashi1, Essam I. Ibrahiem1, Mahmoud A. Abdel-Hakim2 and Momtaz A. Shahein1
...rnorates in Egypt. Molecular and genetic characterization indicates that serotype SAT2 is widespread (in 96 cases), while only four cases of Serotype O were detected. Phylogenetic analysis of the study sequences indicates that the circulating FMDV serotype SAT2 viruses were homogeneous and related to Topotype VII. Importantly, the newly emerged viruses were closely re...
Nurlybay Kazhgaliyev1*, Talgat Kulmagambetov2, Dulat Ibrayev1, Saule Bostanova1 and Zhanat Titanov1
...rom Canada and the Netherlands to Northern Kazakhstan. In order to investigate common zootechnic methods, daughters of imported Aberdeen Angus and Hereford cows were grouped at the age of 18-19 months with a live weight of no less than 350 kg. Groups were constituted using the analogue-pairs method and consisted of 30 cattle/group. Observations during the present study showed that the average live weight of Hereford heifers of the second generation at the age ...
Bamigboye Olutoyin Omolara1, Fapohunda Funmilayo Omotoyosi1, Oladipo Elijah Kolawole1,2, Oni Mattthew Olujenyo1, Ajibade Oluwatosin Akinola1, Kaka Mary Oluwatosin1*
...ollected by Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) Teaching Hospital- HIV/AIDS Supporting and Counselling Unit, Ogbomoso. The collected samples were analyzed for enumeration of CD4+ cells and presence of HBV. The selected three HBV serological markers were HBsAg, HBeAg and HBcAb while using a third generation ELISA kit for screening. The mean CD4+ count and age were 479.12 &plu...
Muhammad Rehan3, Asim Aslam3, Javeria Umber4, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan3, Waqar Azeem3, Hassan Aftab5, Ahsan Anjum3, Muhammad Abid6, Abdul Hameed Khan3, Hafiz Hasnain Ayoub5, Altaf Hussain2 and Muhammad Farooq Khalid1*
...d the putative immunomodulatory role of 1,25(OH)2D3 besides its classical role of maintaining phosphorus and calcium metabolism inside body. Vitamin D is involved in homeostasis of innate and adaptive immune responses by modulating activity of monocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages and activation of T and B lymphocytes. Vitamin D modulates cytokine resp...
Monica Paula Marin1, Elena Narcisa Pogurschi1*, Iuliana Marin2 and Carmen Georgeta Nicolae1
...g detoxifiers, immunomodulators, regulators of the internal pH, we studied the effect of using volcanic stuff as a food additive in dairy cows during the precalving, postcalving periods and in the first part of lactation. Experiments were carried out on 90 Holstein–Friesian cows, divided into 3 homogenous groups based on age and number of lactation...
Doulat Khan1, Hamayun Khan1, Nazir Ahmad2, Muhammad Tarique Tunio3, Muhammad Tahir2, Muhammad Saleem Khan2 and Rifat Ullah Khan1*
...lood were taken from jugular vein of different breeds of cattle (Achai, Achai x Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Jersey), buffalo (Nilli Ravi, Aza Kheli and non-descript), goats (Beetal, Teddy and non-descript) and sheep (Bulkhi, Karri and non-descript). In cattle, the average sensitivity, specificity, false pregnancy prognostic value, false non-pregnancy prognostic value and accuracy of the PAG-ELISA test were 86.77%, 66.67%, 86.77%, 100% and 90%, respectively. ...
Anam Tariq, Alina Gul, Majida Atta Muhammad, Samia Falak and Naeem Rashid*
...nant protein in the cytoplasm which secreted gradually to the extracellular culture medium. Determination of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the recombinant protein, in the extracellular medium, revealed that the 19 amino acid signal peptide was cleaved between Ala19 and Gly20. It seems probable that the signal peptide of TK05...
Farheen Shafique1, Shaukat Ali2,*, Saiqa Andleeb1, Abdul Rauf1,3, Syed Ayaz Kazmi1,3, Sadia Idrees4, Faisal Farooq1,3, Faiq Nawaz Khan3,4, Muhammad Saad-ul-Hassan1,3, Raja Awais Mumtaz1,3, Saba Khalid1, Zaheem Ashraf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2 and Fazal-ur-Rehman5
...d transfusion in Beta thalassemic patients is working with two faces, one as remedy and the other is key risk factor in the spread of silent killers. Thalassemia patients registered in Combine Military Hospital (CMH) Rawalakot and Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Hospital, Muzaffarabad Azad Jammu and Kashmir Pakistan were studied for the viral hepatitis B and C prevalence. A total of 303...
Ahsan Anjum1, Asim Aslam1, Raheela Akhtar1, Tahir Yaqub2, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1, Rizwana Sultan3, Saba Usman1, Aneela Zameer Durrani4 and Muhammad Usman4*
...es and caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides. This study was carried out in abattoirs of Lahore, Kasur and Jhang districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Different tissue samples were collected from 560 cattle showing respiratory signs at slaughter. Lung samples were used for detection of CBPP through PCR targeting 16S ribosomal RNA. Furthermore, lungs, liver, kidney and lymph node were collected for histopatholo...
Yan-Guo Han, Yu-Qing Han, Jia-Yuan Wu, Jia Guo, Ri-Su Na, Yan Zeng, Guang-Xin E, Yong-Ju Zhao and Yong-Fu Huang*
...ernal animals on serum related hormones in offspring. In this study, ten ewes with two newborn lambs were randomly divided into SS DNA vaccine group (Group T) and empty vector group (Group C), and these vaccines were given orally into the ewes at weeks 0, 3 and 6 of the research. Blood samples of ewes or offspring lambs were collected at week 6 or 9 of la
Imdad Ullah Khan1, Shehla Gull Bokhari2, Mumtaz Ali Khan3, Ikramul Haq3*and Naimat Ullah Khan4
...nce of the anal orifice, lack of a bulge sign at the anal site and dribbling of urine from the umbilicus.The case was diagnosed as atresia aniet recti with a patent urachus. After sedation, the blind terminal intestinal pouch was retracted through a caudal ventral midline laparotomy, incised to evacuate themeconium, and replaced in the pelvic canal. The rectum and anal orifice were then re...
R. Yasmeen1*, S. Shaheen1, B.N. Khan2, S.S. Bokhari1, U. Rafi1 and A.W. Qurashi1
...ry toxic when present in large amounts due to their capabilities of bio-accumulation in organisms. To see exposure of these metals in the environment, different invasive and non-invasive techniques are used. In the present study, enclosure of Axis axis commonly known as spotted dear was selected from Lahore and Bahawalpur zoo. Non-invasive technique was used to monitor heavy metal exposure and both biological (faecal,...
Abdul Samad1, Raheela Asmat2, Muhammad Naeem1, Hamida Ali3, Mohammad Zahid Mustafa1, Ferhat Abbas1, Jannat Raza1,3 and Muhammad Tauseef Asmat1*
...smission to food chain, plant material and animals. In present study, 800 food samples consisting of beef and chicken meat, milk, salads and fresh vegetables were collected from retail markets of Quetta, Pakistan. Multiplex PCR was employed to identify the prevalent species and genes associated with virulence. Only 10 (1.25%) samples were found contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. Milk samples were the most conta...
Jun Zhang, Kui Zhang, Zuozhi Chen*, Yane Jiang, Yancong Cai, Yuyan Gong and Wenming Yu
...orts the length-weight relationship parameters of dominant coral reef fish species in the South China Sea. The specimes were collected by hand-line in the lagoons of five representative coral reefs during June 2013 to September 2018. According to FishBase, this study provides first report on LWR of six studied species and practically available parameters on LWR for three species. The estim...
Muhammad Israr1*, Helen Ross2, Shakeel Ahmad3, Nafess Ahmad4 and Urooba Pervaiz5
...el, and a method to calculate the extent of poverty by using the Alkire and Foster model. The expanded dimensions of multidimensional poverty identified are wealth status, participation/empowerment, environment, health, education, and standard of living. We apply the methodology to a study in northern Pakistan. The index of multidimensional poverty demonstrates that alongside the other dimensions there is severe poverty in terms of environment, empowerment/ pa...
Shahzad Khan1*, Inayatullah Jan1 and Syed Fahad Shah2
...ancy contracts. Three villages of District Charsadda Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, were purposely selected for the study. A total of 30 respondents were interviewed with the help of a pre-tested questionnaire. The findings of the study reveal that skillful and experienced tenants were given preference by the landlord. But due to non-availability of extension department and its trainings, i...
Muhammad Bakhtiar Khan1 and Jangraiz Khan2*
...shape of structure installation and inputs. Tunnel-farming is scientific farming and the growers need to be properly educated and trained. Establishing of cold storage facilities will greatly help farmers to fetch higher income. Additionally, credit facilities to the farmers would help potential progressive growers to adopt tunnel-farming and grow off-season vegetables, thus getting higher yield per acre. ...
Yanyan Yu1,2,3, Yizhong Hu1, Qipeng Zhang1, Rongquan Zheng1,4,*, Bing Shen1, Shenshen Kong1 and Ke Li1
...pril to September). Correlations were established between certain call properties, i.e., pulse rate was positively correlated with fundamental frequency (r=0.151, P<0.01) and negatively correlated with dominant frequency (r=-0.141, P<0.01). The females frog had the shortest response time to calls of 4-note duration and rate of 15 n/min. Our results may provide acoustic ...
Haroon1,2, Yu-Feng Meng1, Zahid Khan1, Farzana Perveen2, Muhammad Ather Rafi3, Sayed Waqar Shah4, Xiao-Hong Su1 and Lianxi Xing1,*
... of species. More contemplations are rendering urban reserves imperative for worldwide preservation endeavours. Generally, urban areas frequently emerged close conspicuous landforms, for example, soak slopes or important waterways and protect their flora and fauna of the study area.
...
Tong Feng, Zilu Zhang, Minghao Qu, Chan Luo, Laiba Shafique, Qingyou Liu and Kuiqing Cui*
...or of animal hair. The melanocortin receptor gene of Nubian goat (white, pure black and brown flower) was cloned and analyzed by systematic bioinformatics. The result showed that the coding region of the MC1R gene of Nubian goat was 954 bp in length and encoded 317 amino acids. The results of multiple sequence comparison showed that the clones were 99%, 87%, 86%, 85%, 84%, 81%, and 77% simila<...
Anand Kushwaha, Amit Kumar, Aparna Madhavan, Durga Goswami, Golmei Poulinlu and Gnanavel Venkatesan*
...gnostics including molecular tools are available, recombinant protein based diagnostic assays namely ELISA is safer and robust to handle large sample size and also to minimize labor/time. However, the genus Capripoxvirus encodes putative 147 proteins in their genome, among which some of them are reported as potential immunogenic candidate genes. Selectio...
Majid Khan, Naveed Jehan*, Muhammad Zahoor and Nadia Naz
...s’ income was calculated from the total crop and non-crop income. The results revealed that the poverty ratio and Poverty Gap index were 8.3 percent and 0.016 percent for the Virginia tobacco growers and 42.52 percent and 0.076 percent for the non-tobacco growers, respectively. This shows that the Virginia Tobacco growers poverty status was better. Therefore, tobacco is recommended as cash crop in Charsadda District to reduce the poverty incidence. ...
Ajmalud Din1*, Munir Ahmad2, Fahad Masoud Watto2, Sheraz Ahmed1, Imtiaz Ali1 and Muhammad Kausar Nawaz Shah2
...te of the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Data were recorded on drought-related physiological traits viz. proline content, osmotic adjustment, excised leaf water retention (ELWR), relative water content (RWC), cell membrane stability (CMS), chlorophyll content and canopy temperature. Mean squares for all traits revealed sign...
Kalpana Polisetty1* and Kiran Kumar Paidipati2
...es. It has an important place in the world as it possesses high potential in nutrition point of view, gives good health, covers food security, etc. All the researchers are very much enthusiastic to know the growth and decline rates of trends in wheat production because of its high benefits. The main objectives of this study are to examine the change point and trend analysis for wheat production on the basis of time and spatial scale of major wheat producing st...
Tariq Mahmood Khalil1,2*, Muhammad Ajmal2, Taj Ali Khan2, Zia Ul Haq2, Muhammad Shahzad Khattak2 and Abdul Malik2
...niformity of locally available drip emitters. These indices were compared with the manufacturer data and available technical standards. A test bench was developed to measures the flow of emitters at different operating pressures. Data was consequently used for evaluating the hydraulic flow characteristics. Nine types of emitters marked S1-S9 having sample size of 27 were tested on the hydraulic bench. When evaluated for comp...
Muhammad Ramiz Murtaza1, Tahir Mehmood2*, Aziz Ahmad2 and Uzma Arshad Mughal3
... where p<0.01. Mango plantations with intercropping were 76.6 percent lesser per acre yield as compared to without intercropping. Agri. extension workers should inform mango growers to give up intercropping in order to get a higher yield. ...
Asif Yaseen1, Muhammad Israr2*, Allah Bux Khan1, Ahsan Javed3, Nafees Ahmad4 and Zia Ullah5
... as price expectation, delay of payment, trust in buyer, price fluctuation, and provision of farm services. ...
Saleem Ashraf1, Raheel Saqib2*, Zakaria Yousuf Hassan3, Muhammad Luqman4 and Abdur Rehman5
... factories and friends/relatives were the foremost intermediaries in citrus marketing. Majority of growers (94.16%) preferred selling their pre-harvest fruit to processing factories (55.75%), middleman (30%) and friends and neighbours (14.25%). High prices of inputs (84.3%), small lands (82.6%) and monopoly of the middleman (76%) were prominent factors limiting benefits as perceived by the respondents. Corre
Rakhshanda Kousar1, Muhammad Sohail Amjad Makhdum2, Raza Ullah1, Aqeela Saghir3, Sohaib Usman3* and Tahira Sadaf1
...: justify;">Agriculture plays a key role in the economy of Pakistan. However, its growth is decreasing in the recent past due to land fragmentation. It is a constraint for agricultural productivity. The study aims at analyzing the impact of land fragmentation on productivity and profitability of crops. The primary data were collected from 120 farmers of rural area of Faisa
Gulfam Hassan1*, Ijaz Ashraf2, Muhammad Qavi Irshad3, Shafiq-ur-Rehman Zia2 and Muhammad Idrees4
..."text-align: justify;">Balanced human diet is a prerequisite for health and vegetables supply the food nutrients needed for the balanced human diet. More than 36 varieties of vegetables are grown on large scale in Pakistan. Among different provinces of Pakistan, Punjab holds the largest share of 63 and 74% in vegetables’ area and production, respec...
Yousaf Ali1, Muhammad Zamin1*, Ibadullah Jan1, Shahen Shah2, Muhammad Mazhar Hussain3, Fazli Rabbi4 and Muhammad Amin5
...esearch Council (NARC) Islamabad, during June to August 2018. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of four planting medium treatments (compost, mixture, clay and sand) and six tomato genotypes (Nadir, Money Maker, Pakit, Nagina, Roma and Rio grande) with three replications. The results revealed that the combin...
Anwar Ali1*, Muhammad Irfan Ashraf2, Saeed Gulzar2 and Muhammad Akmal2
...ne ecosystems in the Himalayas. Data was collected through destructive sampling of 32 sample trees growing in subtropical pine forests of Hazara Forest Region, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) of the selected sample trees ranged from (12-93 cm) and height (H) varied between 9.50-40.10 m. Allometric equation was developed through testing different allometric models. The best fit model was obtained through logarithmic transforma...
Hamoudi Naoual1, Alloui Nadir2*, Barberis Abdelhak2 and Boudaoud Amine2
...of the H9N2 subtype circulation in broiler flocks in Eastern Algeria, a preliminary descriptive study is conducted to identify and enumerate in wetland areas, migratory bird species, known to carry the AIV. The Anatidae population peaked in January 2017 with a total of 8064 birds. The 6 frequent species observed are: Mallard (Anas p...
Nosheen Noor Elahi1, Muhammad Shafique1, Muhammad Imtiaz2, Umer Farooq3* and Muhammad Rashid1
...stress that reduces the plant productivity. The plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) play important role in eliminating the effect of salinity. Cicer arietinum L. is an important legume crop having high quantity of proteins. In the present study, four varieties (CM44, CM91, CM98 and CM2000) were grown in the presence and absence of PGPR inoculate...
Faisal Azeem Abbassi1, Atta Ullah2, Muhammad Saim Hashmi1, Khadim Hussain1* and Nasim Akhter1
...velihood assets was calculated by constructing asset indices. Asset weights were obtained using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Assets indices revealed that district has performed best on physical capital (index value 0.63) and human capital (index value 0.59) dimensions. It was found that foreign remittance is the most popular livelihood strategy (29% of households’ main source of income) in the district. Apart fr...
Peng Ren1, Xian-Qing Liu1, Chao-Wu Yang2,3, Hua-Rui Du2,3, Xiao-Song Jiang2,3 and Yi-Ping Liu1*
... is caused by Salmonella Pullorum and does a great loss to the poultry industry. As a universal innate immune gene, Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) can activate the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and regulate downstream gene expression. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding regions (CDS) of the MyD88 gene have also been reported to be associat...
Tanveer Ahmad1, Tariq Mehmood1, Muhammad Shahid1, Adnan Ahmad1,2, Muhammad Asim Raza Basra1, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman3* and Munawar Ali Munawar1
...tus.
...
Muhammad Asif Gondal, Qazal Waheed, Sana Tariq, Waseem Haider, Aisha Khan, Qudsia Rasib and Haroon Ahmed*
...solute. The freshwater malacological information is sparse within Pakistan specifically in the foothills of Margalla hills. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the habitat preference of freshwater snails to environmental factors. However, only 3 species of snail were found from the 13 sites of Islamabad during the period of study. The presence of the snails like Me
Erum Yawar Iqbal1*, Ashfaque Ahmed Nahiyoon1, Shahnaz Dawar2 and Shahina Fayyaz1
...b>tions.
...
Yun-Feng Liu, Yong-Mei Guan, Dan Chen, Jia-Le Chen, Chen Jin, Wei-Feng Zhu, Lu Wu and Li-Hua Chen*
...ted of SSE and PRAE can play an attenuation and synergistic effect.
...
Chuntao Li1, Hua Liu2, Jianqing Zhang1*, Jiaqiang Zhang1, Luming Dai1, Zhihuan Zhao1,Lizhou Fang1, Ling Liu1, Jingkui Shu1 and Jiagang Feng1
... identified to be up-regulated in COPD, whereas 1,364 lncRNAs have been down-regulated. Meanwhile,a total of 3,283 mRNAs have been differentially expressed, 2,589 mRNAs identified to be up-regulated in COPD, whereas 694 mRNAs were down-regulated. qRT-PCR showed there was a statistically significant difference between COPD and control group for BMF (p=...
Dilara Abbas Bukhari*, Mehwish Faheem, Shamoona Arshad and Khalid P. Lone
... peroxidation (LPO), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH) were determined to evaluate oxidative stress while urea and creatinine, was used to evaluate kidney function. It was found that there was an increase in weight (p<0.05) of both males and female mice fed with diet containing ghee. Kidney LPO and CAT were significantly increased in both male and female mice. GSH level showed decreasing trend in female while increas...
Saara Ahmad1,*, Iftikhar Ahmed2, Saida Haider3, Zehra Batool4, Laraib Liaquat3, Fatima Ahmed5, Asra Khan1, Tahira Perveen3, Mirza Jawad ul Hasnain6, Saima Khaliq7 and Saad Bilal Ahmed8
...over a six-week period. Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were estimated before and after the administration of different meals. After the experiment, the liver samples were weighed and histopathologically evaluated using a knodell score to assess portal hypertension and liver damage. Animals fed with commercial chicken meat and feed for six weeks showed development of infla
Nahed H. Ghoneim, Maha A. Sabry, Zeinab S. Ahmed and Esraa A. Elshafiee*
... Campylobacter isolates were recovered through bacteriological examination. Campylobacter spp. were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as C. jejuni (63.6 %) and C. coli (36.4 %) through the detection of the Map A and Ceu E genes, respectively. The antibiotic resistance of the Campylobacter isolates was determined via the disc diffusion method and was observed most f...
Bhandari Jyoti1,2, Yasen Shali3, Zhang Zehua4, Yao Xiaoho5, Deng Jiang3, Zhang Yaling5, Wang Cuiling5, Li Yang5, Lei Xueping5, Wang Wenfeng5, Mohammad Farooque Hassan6 and Li Can1,*
.... In this study, the population dynamics, life history and spatial distribution pattern of L. m. tibetensis Chen were explored on meadow and farmland of the Tibetan plateau during 2012. The first objective of this study was to investigate the population dynamic and life history of this pest on their outbreak sites. The second objective was to anal...
Muhammad Afzal1, Mahroze Fatima2, Aasma Qamar1, Muhammad Farhan1 and Syed Zakir Hussain Shah3,*
Ramazan İlgün1*, Nilgün Kuru2, Ferhan Bölükbaş3 and Fatih Mehmet Gür4
... chicks (6-7 weeks), six layer hens (9-13 weeks) and six studs guinea fowl were used to study and determine the histological features of the tongue of the guinea fowl. Histological structures were examined using a light microscope the tissues and papillae of the tongue were examined with a the scanning electron microscope, and photos of the general histologic structures were taken. The tongue was triangu
Gasem Mohammad Abu-Taweel
...cial behavior, neuromuscular coordination, motor activity, blood parameters and liver structure alterations. On the first day of pregnancy, 30 pregnant mice were equally divided into three groups. Tap water was provided to the control group (Group I). Group II and Group III animals were orally received 5 and 10 ppm of HgCl2.The treatment started the first day of pregnancy and continued to the day 15 after birth thearafter the dams were sitched to ta...
Nafeesa Batool1*, Javed Iqbal Qazi1, Nida Aziz1, Ali Hussain2 and Syed Zawwar Hussain Shah3
... ratio of 1.0 based on volatile solids (VS) for 30 days. Solids [Total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), fixed solids (FS) and their ratios as (VS / TS)] determinations were also carried out for process monitoring. The highest cumulative biogas yield of 459.4 mL /g VS was observed in the co-digestion of DM + FW with 58.63 and 41.36 % CH4 and CO2 contents. BMP of the ...
Elmas Ulutaş1,*, Abdullah Eryavuz2, Aziz Bülbül2, Abdur Rahman3,*, İsmail Küçükkurt4 and Cangir Uyarlar5
...of adaptation period and lasted for 30 days. On days 15 and 30 of the study body weight of the animals was recorded, blood and rumen samples were collected. There were no differences in body weight with different levels of Zn supplementation. Red blood cells (RBC) and haemoglobin levels increased (p<0.05) as compared to control group on the 30th day with Zn supplementation. High Zn supplementation increased (p<0.05) pl...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2*, Rashid Mushtaq1, Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2*Mubasher Ahmad Malik1, Mujahid Manzoor1, Muhammad Tahir2, Zubair Aslam4, Sumaira Maqsood5, Ishita Ahuja3 and Atle M. Bones3
...e present investigation, laboratory trials were conducted to investigate the synergistic, additive or antagonistic effect of three sub-lethal dose rates (2 x 103, 4.5 x 103, and 6 x 103 PIB/Larva) of native isolated Nucleopolyhydrovirus (NPV) from Spodoptera litura and Spinosad (0.01 ppm) against 3rd and 4th instar larvae collec...
Peng Peng1,3, Xiaopeng Tang2*, Dun Deng3, and Rejun Fang1*
...eplicate. The experiment lasted for 28 days. The average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. Results showed that: (1) the DM, CP, EE, CF, Ash, Ca, Pi, GE content of GM is 89.96%, 47.80%, 4.92%, 6.43%, 4.49%, 0.3%, 0.63%, 4.66 Mcal/Kg, respectively, the composition of Met, Lys, Ile, Asp, Glu, Gly, His, Arg, Thr, Ala, Pro, Tyr, Val, Phe in GM is 0.499%, 2.023%, 1.48...
Dilawar Khan1*, Arif Ullah2, Zainab Bibi1, Ihsan Ullah1, Muhammad Zulfiqar4 and Zafir Ullah Khan3
...dentified using autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial autocorrelation function (PACF). Suitable model for area and production of guava are ARIMA (0,0,0) and ARIMA (1,1,0) respectively. The projected area of guava for the forecasted period is 61.37 thousand hectares each year. Area of guava shows a static trend throughout the forecasted period. The forecasted production of guava is 502.14 thousand tonnes in the year 2029...
Malak Atiq Ullah Khan1*, Fida Mohammad2, Fahim Ullah Khan3, Sheraz Ahmad2, Mian Ahmad Raza1 and Tariq Kamal1
...reeders for developing relatively stable wheat cultivars. A multi-environment trial (MET) was conducted to assess the pattern of genotype by environment interaction (GEI) effects on yield using multiple stability models viz. Additive Main effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI), GGE biplot analysis and stability parameters. Eighty-one wheat genotypes were evaluated during three consecutive years (2013/14, 2014/15 and 2015/16) across nine environments (sit...
Saba1, Shahnaz Akhtar1, Waqar Khalid2* and Saifullah Khan3
... the union council of village Shewa, and a well-structured questionnaire was designed to accumulate the primary dataset from rural women through face to face interviews. A women’s participation index was designed to compute the degree of women’s involvement, and a multiple linear regression model was proposed to measure factors influencing women’s participation in livestock management practices. The compute...
Iqbal Javed1, Abdur Rehman2*, Farhana Khaliq1, Amar Razzaq3, Mudassar Yasin4, Ghulam Mustafa5, Allah Bakhsh6 and Raheel Saqib7
...mati competitiveness, inflation has negative and significant effect on export competitiveness of Pakistani basmati. Inflation in trading partner has positive and significant effect on basmati export competitiveness of Pakistan. Exchange rate of Pakistan is negatively affecting the basmati export but exchange rate of trading countries is positively affecting the basmati export of Pakistan. Dummy for Muslims and joint boarder ...
Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui1*, Muhammad Tahir Khan1, Ghulam Shah Nizamani1, Shafquat Yasmeen1, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan1, Abdullah Khatri1 and Nighat Seema Soomro2
...ify;">Induced mutations play paramount role in manipulating the genetic structure of the plants as an indispensable tool for crop improvement. This field study was initiated to evaluate three potential mutant lines of lentil against their parent (M-85) and two check varieties (NIA-Masoor-05 and NIA-Masoor-16). The pooled data of the crop, after two years of evaluation, indicated the earlie...
Nihat Yeşilayer*
...wn trout (WBT), farmed Atlantic salmon (FAS) and farmed Rainbow trout (FRT). The study was conducted on three fish species to investigate the relationship between total carotenoid concentration (TCC) and flesh colour, determined by visual and colorimetric methods, of three fish species. Linear relationships were observed between CIELA
Nadeem Munawar1,2*, Tariq Mahmood2, Paula Rivadeneira1, Ali Akhter2 and Saqib Mehmood2
...d richness of rodent populations in agricultural areas are related to variables such as habitat structure and complexity, temperature, rainfall, crop productivity, predation, trampling and grazing, surrounding landscape, and succession of the natural wild vegetation. Livestock grazing, cutting, harvesting (for fuel wood and animal feed) and burning of field boundary vegetation are common p...
Hong-mei Gao, Wen-long Su, Gui-bin Tao, Han-yang Li, Wen-zheng Cao and Zhi-dong Qiu*
...know there are other regulatory factors, including molecules interact with cells, chemical, irradiation, it’s in the bone marrow (BM).Most chemotherapy drugs are toxic to cancer cells and normal healthy hematopoietic cells. Hemoglobin and red blood cell levels drop in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Geniposide can reduce the adverse radiation damage of bloosd tissue after high dose irradiation.We found that geniposide can recovery the red bloo...
Muhammad Ilyas1, Sardar Ali Khan1, Shahid Iqbal Awan1, Shafiq-ur-Rehman1, Waqar Ahmed1, Muhammad Riaz Khan2, Raja Mohib Muazzam Naz2, Muhammad Mohib Ullah Khan3 and Sumaira Hafeez1*
... on as many as possible plant individuals in basic experimental generations. Initially, 108 inbred lines of maize were planted in two separate trails under water deficit and normal irrigation conditions in the experimental field of Department of Plant Breeding and Molecular Genetics. Selection of parents for further study was done with regards to grain y...
Tanweer Ahmed1*, Kashif Saeed Khan1, Zilakat Khan Malik1, Fazal Wahid1 and Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal2
...pplied to estimate the relationship among public spending on education, health, road length, defence, trade openness, worker remittances, total cropped area and economic growth. Pakistan’ economic growth rate fluctuated from 1972 to 2014. During this period for some years, the economic growth was high while it slowed down in some years. The study utilised Annual time series data from 1972 to 2014. Empirical evidence suggests that public spending has a si...
Tian-Yi Zhao1, Zi-Qing Liu2, Shu-Fei Ma3, Bo-Yang1, Fan-Fan Guo1 and Ming-Hua Duan1*
...ases. However, the molecular mechanisms of biatractylolide in preventing and protecting Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remained elusive. This study was conducted to observe the effect of biatractylolide on the pathological changes of amyloid beta protein (Aβ)-induced AD. In vitro assays (MTT and flow cytometry) were applied to detect the effect of biatractylolide on PC12 cell proliferation, growth inhibition rate and apoptosis. In order to assess the spat...
Su-Hu Duan, Liu-An Li*, Zai-Qiang Li, Meng-Ran Qin, Zhen-Zhen Fan, Qian Wang, Ke-Yan Zhang, Zhong-Mou Zhang, Bai-Liang Yang and Tian-Ming Jin
Abdüssamet Aydın1 and Ş. Canan Bölükbaşı2*
...g) and 50 mg/kg BHA (Butylated hidroxyanisole) into diets of laying hens on performance, egg quality traits, thiobarbituric acid reactive substans (TBARS) of yolk, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismütase (SOD) and glutation peroxidas (GSHPx) in serum. Sixty Lohman LSL white layers, 40 weeks of age, kept in individual cages were assigned randomly to five treatment g...
Mingsan Miao*, Hui Zhao, Jiaojiao Jia, Xiaoyan Fang and Yanyan Miao
... acid on the neuronal enolase and brain biochemical factors in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion mice model and to assess the protection mechanism of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. The repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion mice model was used where bilateral common carotid artery was targeted to block blood flow, reperfusion and then re-blocking the arteries. Brain tissues were examined 24 hours post-drug administrat...
Ju Zhang1,2, Dong-Sheng Jia3, Shi-Hao Zhao1,2, Xiao-Liang Xie3, Hong Chen4 and Hai-Feng Li4,*
...ide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities.We observed that HGQ exerted little effect on the growth of wild-type N2 nematodes at concentration < 0.6 mg/ml, and 0.05 mg/ml of the HGQ significantly prolonged the lifespan and reduced the lipofuscin level in N2 nematodes. However, the HGQ failed to influence the pharyngeal pumping rate in N2 nematodes or to affect the lifespan of sir-2.1 mutant nematode VC199, indicat...
Chen Shi, Jianlong Zhang and Guanghui Teng*
...k farming that closely related to the growth characteristics and traits. It is significant for monitoring and understanding the pig growth at different stages effectively. In this study, the experiment adopted a management and data acquisition system based on LabVIEW, which automatically acquired and recorded the body measurements and body weights of 30 pigs during 90-day grower-finisher stage. Three body ratios between two each body measurements showed that t...
Guoan Yin1,2, Lei Wang1, Xiaoyu Zhao1, LangchaoYu1, Liwei Guan1 and
Dapeng Huang1,2*
...ology and psychology imbalances, and postpartum behavioral pattern of sows is related closely with piglet mortality. However, few studies have focused on effects of pregnancy and lactation environments on Postures of primiparous sows during lactation. This study has investigated the postures of lactating primiparous so...
Masaud Khan1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Shahab Ahmad2, Asad Ali3, Numan Khan3 and Muhammad Adnan Fahad4
...-to-fresh weight ratio, plant height, days to 50% flowering, were found to be non-significant. Results indicated that deficit irrigation (I15, I30 and I45) had significant effect (P<0.05) on plant height and NUE. Plant height tends to decrease by 1.3 and 5.5% with deficit irrigation. NUE also decreased by 17, 16 and 24 with deficit irrigation. Compared to I0, while the effect on dry to ...
Muhammad Ilyas1*, Sardar Ali Khan1, Shahid Iqbal Awan1, Shafiq-ur-Rehman1, Muhammad Riaz Khan2 and Sumaira Hafeez1
...8 inbred lines of maize planted in two separate trials under normal irrigation and water stress conditions. Parental selection for further study was done with regards to grain yield and its related traits. Inbred lines explained a broad range of genetic variability and displayed different levels of drought tolerance. Four inbred lines were selected i.e. ...
Mudassar Rashid1, Zuhair Husnain2, Usman Shakoor1* and Muhammad Iftikhar ul Husnain1
...long run cointegrating relationship holds among climate change variables and cotton productivity. mitigating negative impressions of climate change requires strategies focusing on the adaptation of climate resistant cultivars. ...
Haidar Ali1*, Malik Muhammad Shafi1, Himayatullah Khan1 and Hamra Haidar2
...d and under developed villages in Peshawar Valley of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan during February 15 to July 27, 2018 by using research tools such as interview schedule. A sample of 298 small farm households were selected using random sampling technique for this study. Analysis showed that small farmers of developed villages perform more off-farm employment than small farmers of underdeveloped villa
Sanaullah1*, Urooba Pervaiz1, Shahid Ali2, Mohammad Fayaz2 and Aftab Khan2
...come of the families and lack of required technical knowledge were of major concerns. The results of t-test indicated that higher maize yield was obtained for the respondents who irrigated their fields using hybrid seed, as well as with the help from extension specialists’ visits and with the adoption of recommended farming practices. It is established that improved farming practices have significant influence on yield. The study recommends transfer of t...
Derya Kocamaz* and Elif Oruc
...icides thiamethoxam and λ cyhalothrin were investigated by using Oreochromis niloticus as a model organism. The fish exposed to 1/20, 1/10 of 96-h LC50 value of thiamethoxam and λ cyhalothrin (477.29 mg/L, 2.901 µg/L), individually and in mixtures, for 7 and 15 days. Fish were then left to depurate in pesticide-free water for 7 days. Results showed that acetyhcholin-esterase, cata
Irfan Shahzad Sheikh, Masroor Ahmad Bajwa, Nadeem Rashid, Muhammad Zahid Mustafa, Mohammad Masood Tariq*, Majed Rafeeq, Abdul Samad, Tauseef M Asmat and Asad Ullah
... influence of immune modulators on the immune competence of broiler chickens. In three experiments (n=240 chicks in each), the immune modulators vitamin C (500 mg/l), vitamin E (200 mg/l), dietary nucleotides (100 mg/l) and DNA (100 mg/l) extracted from chicken liver were separately offered on days 1-21, 1-42 and 22-42 in experiments 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Under standard broiler management conditions, birds were divided i...
Sana Aslam1, Wayne Thomas Shier2 and Imran Sajid1*
... been exhausted so molecular characterization of actinomycetes from less explored habitats may be an alternate solution to this challenge. The aim of this study was to explore the actinobacterial diversity of the saline lake, situated in the salt range, Punjab, Pakistan and to screen them for antagonistic activities against multi drug resistant pathogens and to characterize the bioactive metabolites produced by them. A total...
Sevil Demirci*, Aydın Demirci and Emrah Şimşek
...ctively. Length-weight relationship parameters were calculated for all individuals as a= 0.0106 and b= 3.09, and isometric growth was determined. The population constituted five age-classes (0–IV years). Four growth models used to identify the growth characteristics were von Bertalanffy, Logistic, R...
Muhammad Faheem Akbar1,*, Muhammad Abdul Haq2, Imtiaz Ahmad1, Vasileva Viliana3 and Amjad Sultan1
... and half-life were calculated. Conventional pesticides were found to be more persistent in the crop (Average half-life: 2.94, 4.06 and 2.74 days for imidacloprid, endosulfan and profenofos respectively) than bio pesticides (Average half-life: 3.87 and 1.81 days for spinosad and biosal respectively). The crops treated with bio pesticides were found safer for human consumption even after few hours of spray compared with codex and EU MRLs. Whereas, endosulfan an...
Using Smartphone Application to Estimate the Defoliation Caused by Insect Herbivory in Various Crops
Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Sajjad Ali2, Asad Abdullah1, Samina Khalid3, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif4, Syed Muhammad Ali Zahid1, Muhammad Afzal1 and Jaima Molina-Ochoa5
...ent....
Stanley Uchenna Onwudike* and Vivian Chizoba Edoziem
... University during 2016 planting season and the region lies within the latitude of 5° 38¹N and longitude 6° 97¹ E. At 10 weeks after planting, both the rhizosphere soil (soils within 2 mm region of the test crops) and bulk soil or control (soils away from the root zone) from the experimental plots that were planted with bean, groundnut ...
Mahfooz Khan* and Himayatullah Khan
...rgy sources for cooking play an important role in rural areas of Pakistan. Unfortunately, most of the farm households in Pakistan still use traditional energy sources for cooking. The present study is based on choice of alternative energy sources for cooking in rural areas of district Peshawar. The main objective of the study was to examine what factors determine the choice of alternative energy sources of farm households for cooking in the study area. Primary...
Abdul Kabir¹, Amjad Hussian Mirani¹, Jam Kashif1, Shumaila Manzoor2, Abdullah Iqbal3*, Ihsan Ullah Khan4 and Muhammad Abubakar2
...s (55.88%). In sheep population, the highest prevalence was recorded in the transhumant production system with 73.3% seropositive for PPRV. Younger animals seemed to be more susceptible to PPRV infection, 58.82% goats of age less than 1 year were seropositive for PPRV as compared to 51.43% of goats above 2 years. Results of antigen detections showed that the outbreaks were going in study population and confirmed positive for...
Muneer Abbas1*, Muhammad Ramzan1, Khalid Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Irshad1, Mudassar Khaliq1 and Sohail Abbas2
.... Results showed the cumulative effects of all IPM components having 4.81, 4.96, 6.22 % foliage, pod and grain damage, 0.71 larva/plant with 32.28 % yield increase over control treatment. But Marginal Cost Benefit Ratio was -0.46. Light traps proved more efficient and feasible having low environmental risks having minimum percent foliage, pod and gain damage of 2.09, 0.71 and 0.29, respect...
Kanwal Nisa1, Sadaf Ashraf1, Masood Ahmed Siddiqui1*,Naila Taj1, Habib-Ur-Rehman1, Arifa Bano1 and Naeem Rashid2
...R) and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) activities, was purified to an apparent homogeneity from this archaeon. The purified enzyme exhibited optimal activities at 95oC for POR and 90oC for PDC reactions. The optimum pH for POR reaction was 8.5 and for that of PDC it was 9.5, in the absence of oxygen. The specific activities for POR and PDC reactions were 22 U/mg and 3.8 U/mg, respectively. The native enzyme had an apparent molecu
Abdurakhim Kuchboev1, Mehmonjon Egamberdiev2, Rokhatoy Karimova1, Oybek Amirov1 and Mitsuhiko Asakawa3,*
...v>...
Jun Yan Bai*, Hong Deng Fan, You Bing Yang, Xu Wang, Heng Cao, Xue Yan Fu and Yu Qin Wang
...find candidate genes regulating the growth and development of sheep. The polymorphism of GHSR gene in five sheep populations was analyzed by PCR and sequencing techniques. The results showed that large tailed han sheep, small tailed han sheep, yuxi fatty tailed sheep, dorper sheep, hu sheep all have two mutation sites (C155T and C624T). For locus C155T, allele frequencies of C in
Jun Yan Bai*, Xiao Hong Wu, Shuai Yang, You Zhi Pang, Heng Cao, Hong Deng Fan, Xue Yan Fu, Kun Peng Shi and Xiao Ning Lu
Mounir R. Abi-Said1, Mohammad Al Zein2, Mohammad A. Abu Baker3 and Zuhair S. Amr3,4*
...oh Eagle Owl Bubo ascalaphus, was investigated in Eastern Saudi Arabia. 112 regurgitated pellets yielded 203 individual prey items representing at least eleven rodent species, unidentified bird(s), at least one scorpion, and other unidentified insects. Prey items were dominated by rodents (91%) which were found in 96.4% of the pellets. Birds, scorpions, and other insects constituted 2.46, 5.91, and 2.96% of the diet, respectively. Rodents contributed th...
Kadir Seyhan1,*, Nimet Selda Başçinar2, Nadir Başçinar3 and Umar Khan3
...R). A group of small and large sized S. fontinalis fry (ranging 0.39−0.66 and 0.76−1.46 g) was fed with commercial pellets under similar conditions to avoid the ingress of any other variable such as temperature and dietary energy density. Their stomach contents were sampled at predetermined postprandial times, and were dried at 60° C to constant weight. The course of GE in both sizes of S. fontinali...
Muhammad Younis Laghari1,2, Zixia Zhao1, Yiwen Gong3, Punhal Lashari1,2, Shangqi Li1, Jian Xu1 , Ateeque Rahman Khooharo4, Jiongtang Li1,* and Yan Zhang1*
...the geographical isolation of Hainan island from the mainland, the genetic diversity in Hainan island is different to that in the mainland. One of fifty sequences isolated from SINE element was polymorphic, including six haplotypes with an average sequence divergence of 11.03% (...
Savas Atasever*, Huseyin Erdem and Ibrahim Cihangir Okuyucu
...our farms of the Middle Black Sea region of Turkey were scored subjectively by two parameters. BCS and RFS data were obtained using a 1 to 5 scale and a 1 to 4 scale, respectively, where lower points indicate thin body condition or relatively empty rumen. Animals were examined in two subgroups by parity (1= lactation number 1 and 2; and 2= lactation...
Jun Yan Bai1*, Xiao Ping Jia2, Xiao Hong Wu1, Guang Lu Li1, Heng Cao1, Xue Yan Fu1 and Kun Peng Shi1
...in one group.
...
Chandragouda M. Patil, Shashikant S. Udikeri* and Shreeshail. S. Karabhantanal
...hus urticae Koch population from grapevine orchard indicated considerable survival on dicofol 18.5 EC, fenpyroximate 5 SC, diafenthiuron 50 SC, sulphur 80 WP, abamectin 1.9 EC, hexythiazox 5.45EC, spiromecifen 240SC, propargite 57% EC, ethion 50EC, fenazaquin 10%EC treated leaves. Field populations had high degree of resistance to Sulphur 80WG with LC 50 of 17769.72 ppm against 651.17 ppm for a
Muhammad Rasheed*, Tayyaba Naseer, Asma Hassan, Fayaz ul Hassan, Rifat Hayat, Ghulam Jilani, Samman Gul Vaseer and Muhammad Bilal Ali
... fix nitrogen in legume plant through symbiotic association of legume-rhizobium by forming nodules on the roots of legume plants. To ensure an optimum rhizobial population in the rhizosphere is necessary that improves the nodulation, N2 fixation and growth of legume crops. The experiment was conducted to access the effect of isol...
Amna Qazi1, Ghulam Shah Nizamani2*, Muhammad Tahir Khan2, Shafquat Yasmeen2, Shahla Karim Baloch1, Muharram Ali1, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan2, Sagheer Ahmad3, Muhammad Rashid Nizamani4 and Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui2
...vegetatively propagated plants through in vitro culture. This study was conducted to establish the optimal concentrations of plant growth regulators and sucrose for micropropagation of sugarcane. Sugarcane is cultivated through cane sets and therefore, multiplication of any new genotype through traditional practices requires interminable period of time. Eight sugarcane genotypes viz. ...
Jun Yan Bai*, Hong Deng Fan, Shuai Yang, Xue Yan Fu, Heng Cao, Xiao Hong Wu, You Zhi Pang and Kun Peng Shi
...riod. To recognize molecular markers of egg quality of quail, SNP in control regions of cytogenin gene (MyoG) 5’ in China yellow quail, Beijing white quail, Korean quail detected by PCR-SSCP method in this study. Moreover, correlations of control regions of MyoG 5’ with egg quality of quail were analyzed. Results demonstrated that: In egg quail group, six genotypes were detected in Locus A in the control region o...
Amna Shoaib*, Zoia Arshad Awan and Naureen Akhtar
... 30% yield losses. The aflatoxins producer Aspergillus minisclerotigenes and Aspergillus flavus are morphologically similar species that belong to the Aspergillus section Flavi. A. minisclerotigenes and A. flavus were isolated from soybean an...
Wen Xiong1,2*, Qitao Zeng2, Dangen Gu1 and Yinchang Hu1*
...sents 49 length-weight relationships gathered from literature and our investigation pertaining to Gambusia affinis and G. holbrooki. The value of the slope b ranged from 2.44 for male G. holbrooki in Tajan River (Iran) to 3.81 for combined G. holbrooki in reservoirs of Segura River basin (Spain). The mean value of b was 3.11 (SD =0.30), which significantly higher than 3 (t-test, p<0.05). The median value of b...
Rafia Sadaf1, Ishrat Younus2*, Sidra Maqbool2, Talha Bin Fayyaz3, Sarah Jameel Khan1, Sidra Siddique1 and Rida Fatima1
...size: small;">Pulsatilla nigricans Linn has traditionally been used in various disorders related to both male and female and proves a great remedy for ovaralgia, ovaritis, epididymitis, orchitis nervousness, sadness, mild restlessness and mental disorder. This investigation is designed to evaluate acute toxicity and anti-anxiety activity of ethanol extract of Pulsatilla nigricans...
Fatima Hashim Abbas1,2* and Alaa Tareq Shakir Al-Hassnawi1
...any disturbance in the balance between antioxidants and oxidants in favor of the later can cause serious problems such as abortion. So the investigation of the oxidants/antioxidants status during early stages of pregnancy is urgently needed to help us solving such health issues. In this current study, One hundred and thirteen aborted women (73 known causes group, 40 unknown group) and control group (23 normal delivery women ...
Farzana Rashid1, Rabia Masood1 and Mariam Faiz2*
...ferred by metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) has increasingly being reported worldwide among Enterobacteriaceae. In this study, 240 non repetitive gram negative clinical isolates were studied for antimicrobial resistance. Presence of bla NDM was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Among 240 strains, prevalence of MBL in K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and Acinetobacter Species was 2...
Mubashra Salim1, Omeira Ibrahim1, Hugo Vilhena2,3,4, Carla Maia5, André Pereira5, Maria Shahzeen1, Shabana Kalsoom1, Asim K. Mahmood6 and Furhan Iqbal1*
...all;">Hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) are obligate Gram-negative bacteria that target red blood cells, and infect a wide range of hosts including cats, dogs, domestic ruminants, pigs, rodents and humans. The present study was designed for the molecular detection of Mycoplasma haemofelis and Candidatus Mycopl...
Ahsan Numan1,4, Khadija Irfan Khawaja2, Abdul Basit Qureshi3, Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf4, Imtiaz Rabbani4, Hafsa Zaneb5 and Habib Rehman4*
Asim Faraz1,*, Abdul Waheed1, Riaz Hussain Mirza1, Muhammad Shahid Nabeel2 and Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1
...="font-size: small;">Barela is very important dairy breed of Punjab having prominent milk vein. The present study was conducted to check its milk production and composition in Thal desert. With an average milk yield of 7.38 liter under traditional management, Barela camel appears as a camel breed with a good dairy potential. Moreover, according to its gross composition (fat, protein, lacto...
Veli Sel1, Isa Yilmaz2,* and Mete Yanar3
...ively. In addition, correlations (Pearson correlation) between SCC and change in some environmental factors were weak but significant (P <0.01). The arithmetic and geometric means and standard errors of SCC were 82.4±3.3x103 cells/ml and 60.1±3.4x103 cells/ml, respectively. These results indicate that 100% the SCC of buffalos’ milk sample are in accordance with the limits indicate...
Tasbihullah1, Sadeeq ur Rahman2,*, Tariq Ali3 , Umer Saddique1, Shakoor Ahmad1, Muhammad Shafiq4, Sultan Ayaz2, Hamayun Khan1, Ijaz Ahmad1 Asadullah2, Raheela Taj5, Hafiz Nidaullah6 and Alamgir Khan7
...extended spectrum β lactamase (ESBL) - producing Escherichia coli in table eggs and human with history of close association with table eggs. For this purpose, a total of 200 table eggs and 50 stool samples from human were analyzed. Results showed that out of 80 E. coli isolates recovered from eggs, 20 (25%) were found to be ESBL-producers, while, of the 17 human-isolates...
Saeed Murtaza1, Abdul Sattar1*, Nasim Ahmad1, Muhammad Ijaz2, Maqsood Akhtar3 and Muhammad Shahzad4
...howed that fat, protein, lactose, freezing point, SNF and solids were significantly higher (P<0.05) in group-2 and group-3 as compared to group-1 except density and pH which remained non-significant (P>0.05) in all groups. On the basis of result, it may be concluded that oxytocin had no effect on uterine involution and progesterone; however, it had some role to affect the normal composition of milk in postpartum involution interval.
...
Nazia Qamar1,2*, Sher Khan Panhwar2 and Wang Ping1
... periodic changes of population dynamics of high valued shrimp species Exopalaemon styliferus (112), Metapenaeus monoceros (265), Parapenaeopsis stylifera (688) collected from September 2017 to April 2018 by Estuarine Set Bagnet are discussed. High linearity (>0.8) among parameters was estimated by fitting a liner model and a negative allometric growth pattern in E. styliferus, P. stylifera ...
Ahmet Ozer Sehirli1,2, Serkan Sayiner3*, Ayliz Velioglu-Ogunc4, Nedime Serakinci5, Emel Eksioglu-Demiralp6, Berrak Yegen7, Feriha Ercan8 andGoksel Sener2
...ood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) concentrations, urinary volume, creatinine, and both serum and urinary electrolyte levels were measured. In addition, the apoptosis rate of white blood cells was analysed from plasma samples. Tissue samples from the brain, heart, aorta and kidneys were used for analysis of the collagen ...
Babar Khan1,2 *, Nazir Javed1, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Nasir Ahmed Rajput1, Muhammad Atiq1, Abdul Jabbar1, Abdul Rehman3, Anam Moosa1 and Muhammad Amjad Ali1*
...ema kraussei against last instar larvae of four lepidopteran insects, wax moth (Galleria mellonella), pink bollworm(Pectinophora gossypiella), eggplant fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) and armyworm (Spodoptera litura)at 27±2°C under labora...
Weigeng Wen1,2,3, Xu Chen1,2,3, Wang Zhao1,2,3, Qibin Yang1,2,3, Jian G. Qin4 and Zhenhua Ma1,2,3,*
...eus monodon after unilateral eyestalk ablation. A total of 240 females (57.0-143.3g) were used as broodstocks in a continuous three-year breeding experiment. After unilateral eyestalk ablation, the relationships of egg and nauplii at the first spawning event and female bodyweight were evaluated. At each spawning, a...
Ertuğrul Kul*
...nducted to determine the lactation curve parameters and to choose the best model that defines the lactation curve. Data were composed of 4897 test day milk yield (TDMY) records from Anatolian buffaloes calved during 2014-2017 raised under different farm conditions in Amasya Province, Turkey. Five different lactation curve models such as Wood (WOD), Cobby and Le Du (CLD), Exponential (EXP),...
Sumaira Akram1, Sajid Aleem Khan1*, Nazir Javed1 and Saeed Ahmad2
...: small;">M. graminicola Golden and Birchfield (MG) is an important pest of cereal crops. In Pakistan the yield of wheat is extremely low as compared to many other developing countries. Among several factors, responsible for low crop yield, MGis an emerging threat. In vitro hatching percentage of MG was evaluated that was varied significantly at different concentration of chemicals, bio control agents and pla
Jiao Qin,Qian-Qian Su and Quan-Sheng Liu*
...h resistance to anticoagulants with repeated and long-term application of anticoagulant rodenticides in southern China. Fertility control is considered as an alternative strategy for management of this pest. Cabergoline can inhibit prolactin (PRL) secretion and was applied in fertility control for animal, however, the physiological and behavioral mechanisms of cabergoline as a steri
Reda Mohamed1, 2
...tric arteries. The reticular artery originated either from the left ruminal, splenic, celiac or left gastric arteries. The left gastric artery originated either from the celiac or hepatic arteries. Knowledge of the variations of the celiac trunk branches is important for veterinary surgeons during surgical procedures in the abdominal region in ruminants. ...
Asmaa A. Darwish
...text-align: justify;">Inflammation is a double-edged weapon. Although it starts as a protective mechanism, it ends with serious cliniopathological alterations, which disappoint our therapeutic programs and frustrate our expectation for curing. This work aimed to assess the most important clinicopathological alterations related to sheep pneumonia, arthritis and enteritis and spot the light on MMP-2 and MMP-9 diagnostic and pr...
Kenneth Nnamdi Anueyiagu*, James Jingmang Kopmut, Chrysantus Achi Lagi and Kelly Nkem Okoh
...f 83 (51.9%) S aureus isolates were identified, 54 (33.8%) MRSA, and 15 (9.4%) Methicillin Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). The study showed a statistical association between the prevalence of MRSA in livestock and students. This could lead to cross infection of MRSA from livestock to man and vice versa, hence of public health significance. ...
Shazia Mansoor1, Muhammad Sohail2*, Saima Aslam3 and Muhammad Nauman ul Islam4
...th performance of Balkhi lambs and pregnant Balkhi ewes at The University of Agriculture, Peshawar Dairy Farm Malakandair. Balkhi sheeps (n=30) were purchased from the market. They were kept for ninety days including 10 days for adaptation. Animals were divided into three groups such that each group contain ten animals i.e. group A (NRC recommended diet), group B (4% more CP and 2% more TDN), and group C (conventional grazin...
Mustafa Boğa1, Kerim Kürşat Çevik2* and Aykut Burgut3
... impact of the number of lactation, lactation days, age at first calving and breeding, and number of insemination (ratio) on cattle milk yield (last seven days in average). For this purpose, the milk yields of 156 Holstein Friesian cattle were investigated according to different age, lactation, calving and insemination associated parameters. Optimum valu...
Riffat Sultana1, Nuzhat Soomro1,*, Santosh Kumar2, Ahmed Ali Samejo1 and Samiullah Soomro1
...4 species viz: Oxya hyla hyla Serville, 1831, O. velox (Fabricius, 1787), O. fuscovittata (Marschall, 1836) of genus Oxya and Oxyina bidentata (Willemse, 1925) of Oxyina were examined under laboratory conditions. Significant differences were found in the sizes and shapes of the pods. Beside this, number of eggs in each egg pod, distribution pattern...
Anila Naz Soomro1*, Hiroshi Suzuki2, Sadaf Tabassum Qureshi3 and Wazir Ali Baloch1
...showed the occurrence of large number of juveniles at St. 3, 4 and 5 in smaller length groups. Also C. typus ovigerous females exhibiting spawning migration to the downstream and its juvenile also migrate back to upstream after completing the larval development in Urbaru stream were also observed. Presence of C. sakishsimensis at only St. 1 indicates the species is not using the river continuum for migration. D...
Aouicha Djebroune1*, Aissa Mokabli1, Miloud Hammache2 and Gahdab Chakali2
...to strict quarantine regulations in several countries. In Algeria, the potato crop is the most important food crop widely cultivated in different agricultural areas. In this investigation, the response of three potato varieties; Kondor, Spunta and Desiree to the evolution of populations of Globodera spp. was studied. Final population of cysts, eggs and juveniles / kilogram of soil i...
Daniel Cocan1, Vioara Mireşan1, Florentina Popescu1, Radu Constantinescu1, Aurelia Coroian1, Călin Laţiu1, Romulus Valeriu Flaviu Turcu3, Alexandru Ştefan Fărcăşanu3 and Cristian Martonos2,*
... topography of venomous glands in Brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) through MRI investigations. The main reason of this investigation was to provide a better understanding of the defence mechanism of this species. The presence, topography and structure of venomous glands made brown bullhead one of the top invasive species spreading its habitat worldwide. The specimens were collected from Stejeriş Lake, Cluj County....
Zhi Yi Jin and Shao Ming Qin*
...angxi Province, China at landscape and micro-habitat scales, from November 2017 to March 2018 and November 2018 to March 2019. At landscape scale, the main foraging habitats of this species include woodlands and farmlands. The largest proportion of woodland in the habitats was 88.70%...
Syed Basit Rasheed*, Ahmad Yar, Farrah Zaidi and Qaisar Jamal
...rgusoni, Ph. indica, Ph. latinoda, Ph. sulcaticeps). Fromicinae was presented by seven species placed in five genera: Camponotus having three species (C. compressus, C. oblongus and C. sericeus) and one species each of Cataglyphis (Ca. setipes), Lepisiota (L. frauenfeldi), Paratrechina (P. longicornis) and Polyrachis (Po. hauxwelli) while subfam...
Godwin Ikechukwu Ngwu1*, Maria Ifeyinwa Ngwu2, Fabian Chukwuemenam Okafor1, Aruh Ottah Anaga3 and Christopher Didigwu Nwani1
...n 4th instars larvae of both laboratory-reared and field-collected Aedes aegypti were carried out. The 4th instars larvae of laboratory-reared and the field-collected A. aegypti mosquitoes were exposed to 5000mg/L, 2000 mg/L, 1000 mg/L, 500 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 50 mg/L of the extract. The solvent for the extract, dimethyl s...
Mehtap Bayir*
.... Maximum amino acid similarity identity was found between putative fugu Sod1 and Sod2 proteins and their orthologs from teleost fish and tetrapods. Phylogenetic clustering was seen between sod genes in fugu and their orthologs. Finally, highly conserved gene synteny was determined between fugu sod genes and their orthologs from teleost fish and human.
...
Boxin Dou, Ying Liu*, Yumeng Liu, Lili Fan, Yongqiang Ma, and Yanguo Shi
...nhibitory triplet was isolated and identified. The amino acid sequence of the ACEI was identified as Ile-Thr-Leu or Leu-Thr-Ile. In vitro, ACE inhibition assays showed that the IC50 value of the peptide was 0.0118 mg.ml-1. The inhibitory activity of the peptide slightly increased after incubation with gastrointestinal proteases. It was revealed that the ACE inhibiting activity of isola...
Asad Ali Khaskheli1*, Gulfam Ali Mughal1, Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli2, Gul Bahar Khaskheli3, Allah Jurio Khaskheli2 and Arshad Ali Khaskheli1
...dy desert zone), Tando Allahyar (irrigated zone) and Thatta (coastal mangroves zone) of Sindh province. The attributes like major nutrients (moisture, dry matter, total organic matter, inorganic/mineral matter (ash), ether extract, crude protein, crude fiber, nitrogen free extract and total carbohydrate contents) were included. Comprehensive survey indicated year round availability of 19 different vegetations at study areas ...
Meriem Msaad Guerfali1,*, Heitham Hamden1, Salma Fadhl1, Wafa Djobbi1, Lotfi Sillini1, Wafa Marzouki1 and Mohammed Ammar2
...long time treated with malathion as main conventional control method. Malathion upon repeated and prolonged use may cause resistance. In an attempt to reduce the insecticide residues in fruit, the government is trying to introduce the application of spinosad that was also reported to cause resistance under extensive use. The aim of this work was to monitor the susceptibility to malathion a...
Jiantong Feng, Xueping Wen, Yahong Guo, Yingying Ye*, Jiji Li and Baoying Guo
..."font-size: small;">The clam Meretrix lamarckii is an ecologically and economically important species in the coastal regions of China. In order to characterize the genetic diversity and population structure of M. lamarckii, a 750 bp region of mitochondrial COIII gene and an 822 bp region of 12S rRNA gene were sequenced and analyzed for 118 ...
Gulnaz Afzal1, Ghulam Mustafa2*, Shakila Mushtaq3 and Amer Jamil4
...the bases of maximum similarity index. The sequences of gene encoding CO1 of all five spider species were deposited in GenBank. Out of five spiders in this study, three species i.e. Leucauge decorata, Oxyopes javanus and Pardosa timidula were first ever spiders of whom any gene sequences were deposited in nucleotide database. A CO1 profile of all spider species was correctly assigned and 10...
Muhammad Waseem, Tariq Mahmood*, Abid Hussain, Abdul Hamid, Faraz Akrim, Shaista Andleeb and Hira Fatima
...ze: small;">The Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus laniger) inhabits deciduous, broad-leaved forests, thorn brush forests, and coniferous forests, occurring from 1500 up to 4,000 m above sea level. The species, in many areas of its range, is in conflict with humans, however, data on its population and economic losses are scanty in the country. We investigated its occur...
Yunfang Tian, Zeqin Fu, Jiantong Feng, Yahong Guo, Yingying Ye*, Jiji Li and Baoying Guo
...ystem influenced the population genetic structure of marine mollusk organisms via promoting or limiting planktonic larval dispersal. The clam, Meretrix meretrix, is an important aquaculture species in the coastal regions of China. However, the previous studies of genetic information about M. meretrix were vague. None integrated research to ...
Amit Sharma1* and Pankaj Sood2
...s that which involves balancing many factors in order to obtain satisfactory results. It causes ultrastructural, biochemical and functional damage to the spermatozoa leading to reduced motility, viability, impaired transport and fertility. Caprine sperms are extremely sensitive to cryopreservation compared to other species which is mainly attributed to the compositional variation of the sperm plasma membrane. Different fact...
Lei Gao1, Gong-xue Jia2, Zheng-yuan Huang1, Ming-xing Yue3, Chao Zhang1, Shi-en Zhu1 and Xiang-wei Fu1,*
...e breakdown (GVBD) and polar body extrusion (PBE) during in vitro maturation (IVM), then the harvested metaphase II (MII) oocytes were parthenogenetically activated to evaluate pronuclear (PN) formation of parthenogenetic embryo and embryo development. The cytoplasmic maturation was examined by measuring the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH). DNA DSBs...
Seval Dernekbasi* and Emin Karatas
...with fish oil (FO)], canola oil trial [CO; continuously fed by diet with canola oil (CO)], safflower oil trial (SFO; continuously fed by diet with safflower oil (SFO)], mixture oil trial (CSFO; continuously fed by diet containing both %50 CO and %50 SFO), alternate cycled feeding trial [(FO/CO; fish fed by diet with CO for 2 weeks and FO for the following 2 weeks), (FO/SFO; fish fed by diet with SFO for 2 weeks and FO for fo...
Muhammad Yahya1, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Imtiaz Sarwar1, Khurram Shehzad2, Muhammad Luqman3 and
Sher Muhammad Shahzad2
...of soils under different land-use categories (i.e. agricultural crop land, orchard land and natural uncultivated land) and different land-use types (i.e. sugarcane, fodder and rice-wheat fields, intercropped and non-intercropped citrus and guava orchards, natural grassla
Asim Faraz*
...ormer as compared to the latter group. In behavioral preference the first in order was kari (Capparis spinosa), dhaman (Cenchrus ciliaris) and kikar (Acacia nilotica) among bushes, grasses and trees, respectively for male and female calves in EMS.
...
Saima Sharif*, Farkhanda Manzoor, Tasnim Farasat, Shaugfta Naz and Raheela Tabasum
...rea along with eGFR calculation by MDRD equation. Kidney dysfunction was defined as eGFR of <60 ml/min/1.73m2. Statistical analysis was donedone by using SPSS. The serum creatinine of ischemic stroke patients was found to be 2.41 mg/dl compared to 0.93mg/dl in controls. The blood urea in ischemic stroke group was 67.3 mg/dl in contrast to 34.6 mg/dl in controls. The eGFR in ischemic stroke patients was calculated to be 54...
Ihsanullah Kakr1, Sarwar Khan2, Khalid Khan3* and Sajjad Ahmed1
...hal Magsi with thick populations of camels and have different climate and geographical distribution were selected. The questionnaire was developed for survey of Camel farmers and information regarding the age of respondent, experience, type of community, feeding/watering pattern of camels, prevailing camel diseases in the area, treatment facilities, traditional remedies used by them against various diseases in camels and economic losses were collected. A total...
Muhammad Asif Farooq1*, Muhammad Jalal Arif1, Muhammad Dildar Gogi1, Bilal Atta2 and Ahmad Nawaz1
...to suppress the pest population with no or minimal use of insecticides. Each module was applied in an area of 0.405 ha of a mango orchard. Fruit samples collected from all modules were subjected to analytical analysis using QuECHERS for sample preparation followed by quantification with GC-ECD. Recoveries of the samples analyzed were ranged from 78-98%. Results revealed that 75.00% samples of pesticide residues mitigation in PRMM-4 followed by PRMM-3 (66.66%),...
Hamza Rehman*, Nida Ahmad Khan, Asad Ali, Warda Batool and Kanwal Razzaq
...y. The recent study was planned to evaluate the efficacy of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid for the control of Trogoderma granarium under laboratory conditions. The insecticides were tested at four different concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2ppm). Mortality of insects was documented after 24, 48 and 72 hours. Abbot’s formula was used to determine the corrected mortality. At 2ppm concen...
Muhammad Ramzan, Unsar Naeem-Ullah*, Mahreen Hanif, Muhammad Nadeem, Mirza Abdul Qayyum, Muhammad Javaid
...>Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella is the serious and cosmopolitan pest for crops and vegetables especially cauliflower all over the world. The larvae feed on foliage and cause severe damage. Present study was carried out under laboratory conditions to elicit information about every stage like egg, larva, pupa and ...
Bo Gao1,2, Fengmei Yang3, Wei Chen2, Xiaojia Song4, Xiaobo Liu5 and Dongmin Li1*
...study is to detect the relative expression level of Multi-drug resistance gene (MDR1) in common tumor malignancies, and evaluate the prognostic value of MDR1 expression in common malignancies. mRNA relative expression levels of MDR1 were detected byreal-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in tumor, adjacent, and non-cancerous tissues. The tumor markers were detected with COBAS 6000. The prognostic value of ...
Savas Atasever*, Ali Vaiz Garipoglu and Huseyin Erdem
...iry farms in the Middle Black Sea region province of Turkey was investigated by raw milk composition (fat (F), protein (P), lactose (L)), density (D), freezing point (FP), somatic cell count (SCC) and daily milk yield (DMY) according to the different feeding applications (grazing (G), silage usage (S), compound feed usage (C), number of milking cow (NMC), calf suckling period (CSP)). Avera...
Muhammad Rizwan Ashraf1, Asif Nadeem1,2, Eric Nelson Smith3, Maryam Javed1, Utpal Smart3, Tahir Yaqub4, Abu Saeed Hashmi1 and Panupong Thammachoti3
...>larger;">Snakes are one of the most dangerous animals with over 40 species of venomous snakes found in Pakistan. One such group of snakes belongs to genus Echis is saw scaled viper (Ehcis carinatus). Molecular techniques have made it easy to elucidate phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary histories of different groups of organisms. This study is the fi...
Ali Asghar1*, Tariq Mukhtar1, Muhammad Usman Raja1 and Asim Gulzar2
...es and bacterial wilt is lacking in chili, therefore, in the present study, effects of Meloidogyne javanica and Ralstonia solanacearum were studied on chili singly and in combinations. Significant effects of M. javanica and R. solanacearum and their interaction were observed in case of shoot and root lengths and weights of chili. The mean lengths and weights of ...
Peimin Yang*, Zongyun Hu, Yixin Liu, Guanghai Jin and Lei Wang
...etic variability and population structure of this species in its native range, we analysed variation in the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cyt b) for 94 specimens collected from five locations. Sequence analysis showed that there were 50 polymorphic sites and 20 haplotypes among five populations, and the samples exhibited high haplotype diversity (h=0.8467) and low nucleotide diversity (Pi=0.0063...
Wenping Hu1, Xiangyu Wang1, Xiaodi Sun2, Ran Di1, Qiuyue Liu1, Zhangyuan Pan1, Xiaofei Guo1, Xiaohan Cao1, Jinyu Wang2, Yingjie Zhang3, Mei Jin4, Yuze Yang5 and Mingxing Chu1*
...;">TAC3 gene is related to the regulation of animal reproductive function. Here we tried to find out the association of the expression and polymorphism of TAC3 gene with the estrus of sheep. TAC3 expression in uterus and pituitary gland increased in estrus of Small Tail Han sheep and Tan sheep. The TAC3 expression level in uterus might re
Larysa Kladnytska1, Anatoliy Mazurkevych1, Natalia Bezdieniezhnykh2, Oleg Melnyc1, Sergiy Velychko3, Mykola Malyuk1, Vasyl Danilov1, Yuriy Kharkevych1 and Magdalena Gryzinska4*
...dog adipose tissue by explant method. The cells were cultured in CO2 incubator by standard procedure. Expression of cytoplasmic and membrane proteins on dog stem cells from fat tissue at the IVth and Xth passages was examined by immunohistochemical method using monoclonal antibodies. Determination the index of proliferationdogs adipose-derived stem cells (DADSCs) on IVth and X...
Amjad Usman1*, Arshad Khan1, Ruidar Ali Shah2 and Toheed Iqbal3
... screen commercially available tomato genotype and to identify the morphological plant characters responsible for resistance against S. dorsalis. For this purpose, five commercially cultivated tomato genotypes (Riogrande, Riogrande H, Bombino, Roma VF and Roma) were evaluated against thrips (S. dorsalis) at A.R.I. Tarnab, Peshawar, Pakistan during spring 2017 in randomized complete block design with three replications. Trich...
Saima Asad1*, Irfan Ahmad Baig2, Abdul Saboor3 and Rashid Mahmood4
...nal data of HIES/PSLM of last 10 years from 2005-2006 to 2015-16. By developing an axiomatic framework 3 most widely used inequality measures (Gini-coefficient, Atkinson Measure and Generalized Entropy Index) have been estimated for uni-dimensional inequality while a single measure of Araar (2009) is used for the assessment of multidimensional inequality. Calculated outcomes shows that in a shorter span of time inequality sh...
Arjumand Nizami1, Muhammad Zulfiqar2*, Jawad Ali1, Naushad Khan2 and Imran Sheikh3
...such technology known as laser land leveling was introduced in Pakistan in 1980s. More recent introduction is of another water efficient technique known as The Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) technology evolved by International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). AWD intervention in conjunction with laser land leveling is made through Water Productivity (...
Muhammad Zeeshan Nazar*, Ayyan Umer, Zahid Mahmood Sarwar, Faiz Ullah Faiz and Sikandar Hussain
...al diseases of B. mori, flacherie is injurious disease that is initiated by entomo-pathogenic bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis var. sotto (Bts). The impact of this infectious disease is weight loss, reduction in cocoon quality as well as quantity and source of infestation for healthy larva. In current study, the 3rd instar larva of B. mori were fed on the leaves of Morus alba treated with ...
Shilong Chen1,2, Shifeng Xiao1,2, Shao Wang1,2, Fengqiang Lin1,2, Xiaoxia Cheng1,2, Xiaoli Zhu1,2, Dandan Jiang1,2, Shaoying Chen1,2* and Fusong Yu3*
...logy, clinical symptoms, laboratory diagnosis, genomic organization and pathogenesis. However, the pathogenesis mechanisms of cross-species transmission, retardation and beak atrophy are still needed to be elucidated. ...
Jing Zhang1,2, Xin Wang2, Yun Zhao2, Yongcheng Jin2, Yongfeng Zhou2, Junmei Wang2, Yurong Fu2, Rui Wang2, Ruihua Li2, Hengtong Fang2 and Hao Yu2,*
...re significantly downregulated. The mRNA expression levels of mucosal β-defensin, regenerating islet-derived protein 3 alpha (Reg3a), regenerating islet-derived protein 3 beta (Reg3β) and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels were significantly increased. The interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) level was decreased. 16s RNA sequencing further indicated that the colonic microflora had changed, especially the Lactobacillus had increased significant...
Muhammad Zamin1*, Abdullah Khan1, Ibadullah Jan1, Fazli Rabbi2, Shahen Shah3, Rashid Ali1, Kaleem Ullah1 and Muhammad Amin4
...="text-align: justify;">Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L) is a key crop in floriculture industry used for cut flowers in interior decoration. Fertilizers have prominent role in quality flower production. To investigate the performance of gladiolus at different application rate of nitrogen and potash, a study was conducted at National Agriculture Research Council (NARC) Is
Gong Ga1,2 and SuoLang Sizhu2,*
... However, information is lacking on the prevalence of HEV infection in swine in Tibet of China, where raw pork and mixed farming of different species of domestic animals are consumed traditionally. In this study, 173 serum samples of Tibetan swine were tested for anti-HEV IgM and IgG antibodies by the ELISA. HEV RNA were measured in feces (n=173), serum (n=173) and tissue ((including liver, spleen, kidney and intestine, n=21) by nested RT-PCR an...
Xuhui Zhang1, Zhiyuan Sun2, Jinfeng Cai1, Guibin Wang1, Zunling Zhu1, Linguo Zhao3 and Fuliang Cao1,*
...nal fat, sarcous fat and lactic acid (LD) for FR groups were significantly decreased. Birds had significantly higher water holding capacity (WHC) when they were provided with the FR3 diet. Moreover, serum glutathione (GSH) and α-tocopherol (α-TOH) contents in the FR groups were increased, while, levels of total cholesterol (TC), malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and hepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in FR groups were significantly decreased c...
Aftab Shaukat1,*, Sana Hanif2, Irfan Shaukat3, Muhammad Ahsan Naeem4,5, Shadab Shaukat6, Rizwan Shukat8, Shahid Ali Rajput9, Imran Shaukat10, Mubashar Hassan4, Khalid Mehmood7, Saqib Umar11 and Muhammad Ali Jamil1
...s (miRNA) are the novel class of small non-coding RNAs comprising of 17-24 nucleotides that, targets in silencing of one or more genes. Despite their importance as gene regulator, computational strategies are still at its initial stages. Several computer based prediction databases remain the only foundation for rapid identification of putative microRNA target. By utilizing experimentally validated targets, the search of furt...
Celalettin Gözüaçik1,*, Mustafa Güllü2, Ayda Konuksal3, Reşat Değirmenci3 and Ercan Akerzurumlu3
...Syringopais temperatella Lederer (Lepidoptera: Scythridae) is an important pest in barley and wheat in Northern Cyprus. This study was carried out to identify the larval parasitoids and to determine the parasitism rate of S. temperatella. These studies were conducted in 42 cereal fields of 18 villages in Lefkoşa, Girne, Güzelyurt, Gaz...
Dongping Liu1, Guogang Zhang1, Chao Wang2, Baoping Qing2 and Jun Lu1,*
...ince 1981 its unique population has been confined to a narrow band in transborder area of Yangxian, Chenggu and Xixiang County of Shaanxi Province, Central China, on the south slope of the Qinling Mountains. During 2004-2005, 23 crested ibises were experimentally reintroduced to an isolated basin in Qinling Mountains, where they and their offspring exhibited breeding variation never observed in wild popu
Aftab Khan1, Shahid Ali1*, Asim Khan1, Muhammad Waqas1 and Sufyan Ullah Khan2
...aled that tractor hours, labor and FYM positively and significantly affected yield of maize. Average technical efficiency was predicted to be 0.68 ranging from 0.31 to 0.91; implies that an average maize farm can increase yield by 33 percent with existing technology. Technical inefficiency effect model identified that education and farming experience has negative and significant effect on farmers’ inefficiency. It is recommended that maize farmers need t...
Naseeb Ullah1, Assad Ur Rehman1, Aamir Khan1, Rabia Noushin2, Shahid Naiz Khan1, Syed Ishtiaq Anjum1, Sajida Afzal1, Asma Naseem1, Kenza Javed1, Ujala Rauf1 and Kalim Ullah1*
...ollected from livestock (large and small ruminants) from December 2017 to April 2018 to examine the prevalence of FMD. The current study indicated that overall FMD in Livestock was 14.31% with 16.37% in small ruminants and 12% in large ruminants. A significant difference in sero-positivity was observed in small, young and adult of both small and large ruminants. The sero-positivity was hig...
Yan-Guo Han, Jia-Yuan Wu, Ri-Su Na, Wei-Jiang Si, Yu-Qin Han, Yan Zeng, Yong-Ju Zhao and Yong-Fu Huang*
...ffect of novel oral and plasmid-injected KISS1 DNA vaccines on immunocastration and in inhibiting mutton odour of male goats. In this study, 20 male goats aged eight weeks were randomly divided into the oral and plasmid-injected KISS1. DNA vaccine groups (groups T1 and T2) and the empty vector groups (groups C1 and C2) for immunisation. Blood samples were collected at 0, 3, 6, 10 and 14 weeks after primary immu...
Muhammad Farhan1, Ghulam Murtaza1, Muhammad Ramzan2, Muhammad Waqar Sabir3, Muhammad Arsalan Rafique2, Saif Ullah2
...lign: justify;">Chrysoperla carnea is a major predator of soft bodies insects like aphid, white fly and thrips. The feeding potential of Chrysoperla carnea larvae on different nymphal instars of Myzus persicae was investigated in ambient laboratory conditions at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Chrysoper
Pushpa1, Nighat Seema Soomro1, Shahla Karim Baloch2, Mehmooda Buriro1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Muhammad Tahir Khan3, Qamar Uddin Jogi1*, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1 and Farheen Deeba Soomro1
...s was investigated under laboratory conditions. The powder of weed plants produced significantly (p<0.05) harmful outcomes on all growth parameters of wheat varieties as compared to the control treatment. The maximum seed germination (82.16a %), shoot length (27.70 cm), root length (14.90 cm), shoot fresh weight (2.19 g), root fresh weight (1.16 g), shoot dry weight (0.54 g), root dry weight (0.27 g), and seed vigor index...
Muhammad1*, Muhammad Suleman Bacha2 and Syed Akhtar Ali Shah1
...nomy to a bio-based circular economy is key to sustainable urban waste management planning. The goal is to reduce the environmental damages, enhance food supply, increase employment opportunities and broke the vicious circle of poverty. This study performs a focalized analysis and investigates the influencing factors of urban farmers’ Willingness to Pay (WTP) for organic fertilizer in District Mardan, Pakistan. The Con...
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Anam Sarwar2, Muhammad Junaid1, Mirza B. Baig3, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel4 and R. Kirby Barrick5
...icultural system, particularly for developing countries. Pre-service and in-service training becomes extremely important for Extension Field Staff (EFS) to develop skills and abilities to assist them in identifying and addressing the impacts and challenges of climate change. This study was designed to utilize the Borich Needs Assessment Model for assessing the existing competencies and the training needs of EFS in the scenario of climate change. A descriptive ...
Saeed Ahmed Shah Chishti1, Saba Aleem1*, Iram Sharif2, Kashif Nadeem1, Nusrat Parveen1 and Muhammad Najeebullah1
...justify;">Flowering in Solanum lycopersicum L. is sensitive to low-temperature as it inhibits the fuit growth and causes poor fruit setting. The present experiment was conducted to improve the fruit growth and fruit set in tomato during low-temperature stress conditions by the use of growth regulator 4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid. Seven different 4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid levels along with two indeterminate tomato varieties ...
Humayun Saleem1, Faisal Sohail Fateh2*, Zia-Ur-Rehman1 and Muhammad Abu Bakar Siddique1
...a continental deciduous plant with cold winters that can withstand temperatures as low as -30 ° C. The apricot has been used as a treatment for various diseases in Folk medicines. Shot hole which is a fungal disease caused by Wilsonomyces carpophilus is one of the diseases that target apricot. The purpose of the current study was to record the prevalence of shot hole disease on Islamabad’s Federal Capital Territory...
Mohammad Ejaz1, Salma Javed2, Muhammad Hamza1, Sadia Tabassum2, Muhammad Abubakar3, Irfan Ullah4*
...olecules or compounds isolated from different living organisms are the rich sources for the novel drugs. Endophytes are the rich source of these bioactive molecules having a wide range of applications as compared to the original products. Fungal endophytes are the most commonly used endophytes for the isolation of various different types of bioactive molecules. These bioactive molecules can be used as antimicrobial, antibact...
Attique Ahmed1, Tariq Sultan1, Ghulam Qadir2, Obaid Afzal2*, Mukhtar Ahmed5, Shamim-Ul-Sibtain Shah3, Muhammad Asif4, Safdar Ali2 and Muhammad Zeeshan Mehmood2
...="text-align: justify;">Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) promote crop growth and seed yield. However, in farm management practices genotype and environmental conditions may also affect the growth and nutrient uptake. PGPR and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) in combination with synthetic fertilizers can enhance crop productivity and soil fertility. Present experiment aimed to investigate the effect of PGPR and PSB inocu...
Arfan Ahmed Gilal1*, Lubna Bashir1, Muhammad Faheem2, Asad Rajput1, Junaid Ahmed Soomro1, Saifullah Kunbhar1, Abdul Samad Mirwani1, Tanzeela-ul-Zahra1, Ghulam Sarwar Mastoi3 and Jam Ghulam Mustafa Sahito4
...polyphagous pest, particularly damaging to corn. Although native to American continents, it has spread in various African and Asian countries. However, no confirmed report of its presence has been made from Pakistan as it has already been reported from its neighbors India and China. So, this study was conducted in 15 corn growing areas of Sindh, Pakistan to determine the presence and damage status of FAW on fodder and grain corn along with sorghum and millet. ...
Fazli Ahad1, Raziuddin1, Nazir Ahmad1,2*, Muhammad Nauman1, Touheed Iqbal3, Nabeel Khan1, Fazli Hameed4 and Quaid Hussain2
...enetic advance, and correlation coefficient in a set of 31 rapeseed genotypes, comprised of 10 parental lines and their 21 F3 populations. These genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design at The University of Agriculture-Peshawar-Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan with three repeats. Significant differences were recorded for days to 50% flowering, plant height, primary branche...
Rehman Ali Keerio1, Nighat Seema Soomro1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui2, Muhammad Tahir Khan2, Ghulam Shah Nizamani2*, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1, Maryum Siddiqui4, Hajra Khan3 and Farheen Deeba Soomro1
...lity oil. Hence, it can play a significant role for fulfilling the Pakistan’s oil needs. This study was conducted to identify the optimum foliar zinc (Zn) supplement for sunflower variety HO-1. The experiment was conducted at field of Oil Seeds Section, Agriculture Research Institute (ARI), Tandojam, Sindh using RCBD design with three replications. The maximum plant height (203.33 cm), stem girth (11.67 cm), head diame...
Adewumi Olubusuyi Moses1,2*, Faleye Temitope Oluwasegun Cephas,1,3, Ope-Ewe Oludayo Oluwaseyi1, Ibitoye Ibipeju Henrietta1, Arowosaye Abiola Opeyemi1, Adelowo Oluwatosin Deji1 and Adeniji Johnson Adekunle1,2,4
...ecal samples from acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases collected in 2019, we examined how coupling Enterovirus (EV) isolation in RD and MCF-7 cell culture with direct detection from clinical sample might impact our ability to detect non-polio EV Species C (NPESC) members in stool samples. In all, 20% (8/40) of all the samples screened had NPESCs and 50% (8/16) of the EVs detected were NPESCs. However, the RD cell line missed ...
Zulfiqar Ali Abbasi1*, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Naimatullah Leghari2, Muhammad Ibrahim Keerio3, Ahmed Naqi Shah1 and Musrat Begum Abro1
...different solutions and planting geometries on growth and yield of sunflower in agro-ecological conditions of Tandojam, Pakistan. The experiments were a randomized complete block design in factorial combination, replicated three times. An experimental unit was accommodated with three factors i.e. seed priming sources (No seed priming, seeds priming with canal water, seed primed with 1.0% Urea, and seed primed with 0.2% ZnSO4), pla
Nadia Mangrio1*, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Nihaluddin Mari3 and Zia-ul-Hassan Shah2
...cation of both Zn and B play a key role in getting better sugarcane yield and superiority. Experiment was conducted under field condition during 2016-17 and repeated in 2017-18 at Sugarcane Research Institute, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan. Crop in 1st year was planted on an experimental field by shifting on another adjacent field in 2nd year, which was fallow. The sugarcane variety PSTJ-41 was used for the study of Zn and B as ...
Qaisra Siddique1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3
Waqas Ahmad Shams1*, Gauhar Rehman1, Khurshaid Khan1, Ibrar Ahmad1, Saima Bibi1, Saif Ul Islam2, Dawood Safi1, Saba Gul Ayaz1
...hese species belong to Allacanthos. They have gonopod with a distal portion of mesio laterally flattened. They have a cephalic sub distal portion which is concave. There is a narrow marginal process with an almost straight distal end and a sharp tip lateral part with an apex. Periodic and corporal aspects inclined the abundance of Al
Mubashar Hussain1*, Misbah Younas1,Muhammad Faheem Malik1, Muhammad Umar1, Maimoona Kanwal1, Moazama Batool2
...ro";">Dung beetles play significant role in the ecosystems by nutrient recycling and waste removal. The study was conducted to explore the distributional patterns of dung beetle assemblages on local scales. The sampling was accomplished by surveying grassy fields, croplands, old dung piles and fresh dung pats from selected localesofSialkot during 2016. Specimens were collected by hand...
Ahmad Naeem Shahzad1, Muhammad Kamran Qureshi2, Samee Ullah1, Muhammad Latif3, Shakeel Ahmad1 and Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari1*
...a possible strategy for plants to survive under adverse environmental conditions. The current study emphasizes the ameliorative role of trehalose, in mitigating the detrimental effects of salt stress, in cotton plants. Three concentrations of trehalose (0, 5 and 50 mM) were applied to plant foliage, subjected to varying levels (0, 11 and 17 dSm-1) of salinity. Salt stress disturbed the sod...
Tahira Moeen Khan*, Irum Riaz, Shahida Hameed and Bushra Khan
Daniel Kerr Baines
...s SARS-CoV-2 has claimed over 100,000 lives and affected essentially every country on the globe with over 1.6 million cases (John Hopkins, 2020). CoVID-19 has overwhelmed the medical capacity of countries like Italy and Spain, to a point not seen since the Spanish flu epidemic. Ports and countries are closed, people are on lock down, people are dying due to a lack of medical supplies and the world seems on the verge o...
Maria Khalid1, Tanveer Hussain1*, Zahid Farooq2, Kamran Abbas1 and Masroor Ellahi Babar1
...x debate with different classifications and revisions suggested based on their morphology, geographical distribution and chromosome number. In Pakistan the Chukar partridge (A.chukar)), is an important member of Phasianidae family, however a scarce molecular data is reported that urged us to investigate its genetic diversity and phylogeny using mitochondrial DNA, Cyt-b and Cox1 genes. A total of 749bp of...
Mehmet Mamay1* and Ayşin Bilgili2
...checked for damage, egg, larvae and pupae of CM during harvest. According to the results from the study, CM infestation rate was low in orchards where BSD infestation rate was high in pomegranate fruits. In terms of infestation rate in pomegranate fruits, a statistically strong negative relationship was determined between BSD and CM (R (BSD, CM) = -0,724;Y=46.312-0.467*X). In this study, BSD infestation rate exp
Hina Habib Syed1, Muzafar Shah2*, Shahid Sherzada3 and Masroor Elahi Babar1
...tients visiting hospital labs and District Head Quarter Laboratory who were recommended for diagnosis of malaria. About 1050 patients were examined and malaria was detected through microscopy of thick and thin blood smears and rapid diagnostic test of which 118 (11.24%) were found to be infected with malaria parasite. Data was also collected sfrom other ...
Muhammad Sarmad, Syed Muhammad Zaka* and Syed Muhammad Tahir Abbas Shah
...otton bug, Oxycarenus laetus Kirby. (Lygaidae: Hemiptera) had become a critical pest of cotton crop. Dusky cotton bug feeds on leaves, stems and seeds of host plants. Being a serious pest of many important crops, the present work will study on biology and bionomics of O. laetus on three different hosts Gossypium hirsutum, Abelmoschus esculentus an...
Masroor Ellahi Babar*
...e: small;">Kappa-casein played critical role in the expression of milk protein. It stabilizes the milk micelle and gene 5’ flanking region which works valuably in transcription regulation. Current study illustrates that Kappa-casein gene 5︠ flanking region in Dromedary camel of Pakistan is highly polymorphic and it is phylogeneticaly linked with ...
Samia Afzal*,Sadia Zahid, Iram Amin, Muhammad Shahid and Muhammad Idrees
... Asia, Africa and some islands of Indian Ocean have faced the major outbreaks of Chikungunya virus because of its travel associated febrile nature. An inexplicable paralyzing disease has trapped thousands of people in Karachi region of Pakistan and the symptomatology among suspected cases was compatible with Chikungunya fever. Thus Chikungunya outbreak was reported in Pakistan but actually the recent reports about the occurrence of Chikungunya outbreak in the ...
Hifzulrahman1, Muhammad Abdullah1*, Muhammad Uzair Akhtar2, Jalees Ahmed Bhatti3, Muhammad Saadullah1 and Muhammad Naveed-ul-Haque2
...k production, milk fat, plasma metabolites, and reproductive parameters in early-lactating Nili Ravi buffaloes. Sixteen early-lactating Nili Ravi buffaloes received 2 treatments in a completely randomized design with a period length of 120-d. The treatments were 1) Ctrl = basal diet without supplementation of fat, 2) Ca-FA = basal diet with calcium salts of palm fatty acids supplementation...
Wen Qin1,2, YanGan Huang1, Lei Wang1, Gonghua Lin1, Jundong Yang1,2, Pengfei Song1,2, Hongmei Gao1,2, Jingjie Zhang1,2 and Tongzuo Zhang1,3,*
...oitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) mainly live in arid and semi-arid environments. In Qinghai Province, goitered gazelle are found only in the Qaidam Basin, which shows pronounced seasonal changes ranging from cold, dry winters to short, hot summers. The gut microbiota plays a very important role in host health, immunity, and digestion. Therefore, seasonal changes in gut microbiota can affect host digestion and me...
Renlong Lv1*, Ken-Ichi Horiguchi2, Shin-Ichi Tagawa3, Shoichi Ichihara4 and Norio Yoshida5
...and jatropha meal were relaced to the feed as a concentrate with proportion of 5% in experiment I and 10% in experiment II. The ingestion rate of sheep fed the jatropha diet was lower than that of the rapeseed diet. The feed of jatropha diet and rapeseed diet were all ingested in experiment I. However, jatropha meal treatment left a large amount in experiment II. According to the above results, there was no obvious differenc...
Grigory Antonovich Nozdrin1*, Regina Gabdrahmanovna Utkina2, Anastasia Aleksandrovna Lelyak2 and Yana Viktorovna Novik1
...ated (they were given a placebo – distilled water). The experimental fowl were monitored every hour during the first day, and every day afterward for a total of 14 days. The live body weight was measured every week; the overall condition of the fowl, behavior, physical activity, water, and feed consumption were monitored. At the end of the experiment, autopsy and morphometry of internal organs were assessed. No toxic effect of the experimental ...
Sikander Ali* and S. Wajiha Khalid
... fungal cultures were isolated and collected from various localities of Lahore and Murree (Punjab, Pakistan). Screening of these cultures was carried out in chemically defined medium i.e., 0.5 g/l (NH4)2SO4, 3 g/l KH2PO4, 1.5 g/l NaNO3, 0.01 g/l MgSO4.7H2O and 3 g/l inulin at pH 7. Kinetic parameters for comparing product yield coefficients of different fungal strains were ...
Expression Analysis of BMPR1B, BMP15, GDF9, Smad1, Smad5, and Smad9 in Rams with Different Fecundity
Weihao Chen1,2, Zhilong Tian2, Lin Ma2, Shangquan Gan3, Wei Sun1,4,* and Mingxing Chu2,*
...rain, cerebellum, hypothalamus, pituitary, testis, epididymis, vas deferens, and adrenal gland in high fecundity (Small Tail Han sheep) and low fecundity (Sunite sheep) rams. The results were as follows: BMPR1B, GDF9, Smad1, Smad5 and Smad9 were expressed in all selected tissues, but BMP15 was specifically expressed in the epididymis. Further study indicated that the expression of
Jie Yang
..."font-size: small;">Papillary thyroid cancer is one of the most common tumours subtype in thyroid cancers. Substantial amount of data have indicated that miR-16 is an important regulator of various tumours; however, the molecular functions of miR-16 in papillary thyroid cancer remained largely elusive. In order to inve...
Peer Sikandar Shah1, Ghulam Nabi1, Maqsood Khan*1,2, Saddam Hussain1 and Jawad Ali Jan1
...nge gourd (Luffa acutangula L. Roxb) is locally known as Kalitori. It is also called angled gourd or angled loofah, belonging to genus Luffa of Cucurbitaceae family. Macro nutrients such as Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium play a significant role in the plant growth and development such as nitrogen support the vegetative parts of the plant and phosphor...
Asad Ullah1*, Umar Sadique2, Sultan Ayaz1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2 and Farhan Anwar Khan2
... (M. bovis) infection in lactating indigenous cattle/buffaloes raised on different commercial dairy farms and exposing the hazards linked with milk-born tuberculosis infection in the area where unpasteurized milk is normally used in the central zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. A total of 1225 cattle and 1175 buffaloes of more than one year were studied for the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis. A total of 1608 milk samples (793 from cattle and 815 fr...
Amjad Ali1*, Lal Almas2, Syed Attaullah Shah1, Hina Fatima3 and Asim Khan1
... districts (D.I. Khan, Malakand and Charsadda) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). Through a structured questionnaire, key questions were asked to gather data with respect to inputs utilization and socio-economic characteristics of selected sample of sugarcane growers. Using Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA), mean technical efficiency of sugarcane crop in KP was around 70 percent ranging from minimum 53 to maximum possible efficient level of 98 percent. Results of st...
Qingzhan Ma1, Bo Wu1, Jianping Jiang2 and Zhaobin Song1,3*
...enetic variability and relationships of the domestic populations of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in Sichuan Province, China were studied to determine their genetic background and provide essential data for its artificial breeding. Eight microsatellite markers were used to analyze genetic characteristics of eight channel catfish populations (POPA, POPB, POPC, POPD, POPE, POP...
Quratulain1, Ata-ul-Mohsin1, Muhammad Naeem1, Ghulam Shabir1, Muhammad Khalid Rafique2 and Rashid Mahmood2*
...17-18 at Chak Shahzad, Islamabad (33o 40 N and 73o 08 E), for their susceptibility to onion thripsunder field conditions. Seeds of different onion varieties were obtained from Ayub Agriculture Research Institute Faisalabad (AARI), National Agriculture Research Center Islamabad (NARC) and BARC Quetta. Experiments were planned as Rand...
Muhammad Rafay1,*, Ghafoor Ahmad1, Tahira Ruby2, Muhammad Abdullah3, Fahad Rasheed4, Muhammad Abid1, Sohail Akhtar5, Zulfiqar Ahmad6 and Riaz Hussain7
...iding insects, flies and larvae to their young ones. Highly sensitive video camera was arranged to check their ecological behavior and breeding calls. Sentinel, breeding, roosting and bathing behaviours were studied along with vocalization. Statistical packages (mean values and standard deviation) were used to find out the potential results.
...
Saeed Fatima1, Khalid Javed Iqbal1, Usman Atique2,3*, Arshad Javid4, Noor Khan2, Sonia Iqbal2, Hamid Majeed5, Hamda Azmat2, Bakhat Yawar Ali Khan6, Irfan7, Muhammad Tausif Shahid1, Gulnaz Afzal1
...ir persistence, bioaccumulation and biomagnification across the globe.This study presents the first hand data of toxic trace metals in edible fish muscles, sediments and water sampled from Head Punjnad (HP), Pakistan during 2017. The likely reason for the selection of HP as a study target was its emergent prominence as an irrigation hub and holidaymakers spot largely for angling and feasting. The investigated five fish speci...
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Muhammad Mudasser Nazir2, Aneela Hameed3, Nasir Ali Tauqir4, Riaz Hussain Mirza1, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Rana Muhammad Bilal5
... the alveoli of mammary glands. The milking process is allowed to be managed by an exogenous OT by its vital role in neuro hormonal milk-ejection process. OT increases milk yield by ↑ gland output, which is not due to residual milk removal. OT also im...
Saira Bano, Muhammad Naeem* and Samrah Masud
...crit (HCT), Mean Corpuscular volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), Red Blood Cell Distribution Width when measured with Standard Deviation (RDW-SD), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Platelets (PLT), Plateletcrit (PCT), Mean Platelets Volume (MPV), P
Anila Kousar, Muhammad Naeem* and Samrah Masud
...ically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT). It is a developed strain of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). In the whole wet body weight of GIFT, the mean percentages for water, fat, ash, protein and organic content were observed as 79.13, 3.74, 2.75, 14.43 and 18.12 (T1,15% crude protein CP level); 80.85, 2.62, 3.27, 14.00 and 16.62 (T2, 20% CP) and 78.48, 2.82, 3.30, 15.39 and 18.22 (T3, 25% CP) respectively. Proximate compos...
Muhammad Shakeel1,2*, Salik Nawaz2, Yasar Saleem3, Shazia Shafique2, Ateeq Tahir2 and Muhammad Riaz2
...provinces, Kashmir and Islamabad. A total of 167 farmers and amateurs growers, engaged in the cultivation of high value or medicinal crops were contacted. Out of these, 68 found as broccoli growers and most probably due to shyness only 37 contributed in data collection process. In the perspectives of health-promoting properties of broccoli 62% were unaware of health benefits and 7% aware of beneficial properties against heart diseases. In case of selection of ...
Stock Assessment of Two Parrotfish, Hipposcarus harid and Scarus ferrugineus in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Ahmad Osman Mal1 and Mohamed Hosny Gabr1,2,*
...ermination and back calculations of length-at-ages. The growth parameters were estimated to be: the asymptotic length L∞ = 54.044 cm, the growth coefficient K = 0.168 year-1, and age at zero length to = -0.707 year for H. harid and L∞ = 51.238 cm, K = 0.170 year-1, and to = -0.889 year for S. ferrugineus. The total ‘Z’, natural ‘M’, fishing &lsqu...
Salahud Din1,*, Saima Masood1, Hafsa Zaneb1, Habib ur Rehman2, Saima Ashraf1, Imad Khan3, Muqader Shah4 and Syed Abdul Hadi1
...c and clinical important landmarks in the skull of adult Chinkara to obtain baseline data and (2) to study sexual dimorphism in male and female adult Chinkara through osteometry. For this purpose, after performing postmortem examination, the carcass of adult Chinkara of known sex and age was buried in the locality of the Manglot Wildlife Park and Ungulate Breeding Centre, Nizampur, Pakistan, after a specific period of time t...
Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Anwar Saeed Khan, Said Alam and Riyasat Sultan
..."text-align: justify;">Utla Village possesses a great deal of variations in the physiography of different parts of the village and therefore transhumance has been a common and traditional practice. The present research aims to study the causes and mechanisms of seasonal migration, to find out the causes responsible for its decline and to bring in light the effects of modernization on trans...
Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Muhammad Zubair Khan1, Ayesha Bibi2, Muhammad Shehzad Khan1*, Bashir Ahmad1
...fferent doses of boron, plant extracts and a bactericide in different combinations on tomato plants. This research study was performed at Agricultural Research Institute, Tarnab, Peshawar-Pakistan. Different biochemical tests were conducted to confirm stem rot pathogen. Boron was applied at the rates of 1.97, 2.96 and 3.95 g seedbed-1. Plant extracts were neem (Azadirachta indica) and ghwa...
Rabia Iqbal, Muhammad Naeem*, Samrah Masud and Abir Ishtiaq
...(Labeo rohita ♀ and Catla catla ♂) by feeding them at three graded protein feeds (15%CP, 20%CP, 25%CP). Eighteen days old fry of hybrid (L. rohita ♀ and C. catla ♂) of 0.12±0.08 average weight(g) and length(cm) 1.63±0.21 were acclimatized and shifted in hapas (8x6x3 ft.), fed at the rate of 5% of their wet body weight. Ten samples from each hapa were randomly selected...
Muhammad Safdar Hussain1*, Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz2, Muhammad Ayyoub Tanvir2 and Noor-E-Hira1
...tion, drought-resistant plants should be sorted out. The objective of this study was to explore the growth behavior of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (recommended for waterlogged areas) and Tamarix aphylla (recommended for arid regions) under water stress. Therefore, a pot experiment was carried out with three treatments: Well-watered, 25% and 50 % drought to achieve said objective. It was found that drought negatively affected p<...
Umar Hayat1, Khalid Khan2, Saima Liaqat3 and Guo Xiangyu4*
...s do not utilize all available resources efficiently. Therefore, it leads to inefficient choices which subsequently affect the production. This study evaluated determinants of rice production in the district Nasirabad, Balochistan by employing Neo-Classical and Cobb-Douglas production functions. The findings of the study show that education, fertilizers, rent, training and total area under...
Mubashir Mehdi1*, Muhammad Bilal Ahsan1, Burhan Ahmad1, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai2, Gulnaaz Hameed3 and Muhammad Asif4
...ture value chains particularly mango got high prominence in the agriculture production system of Pakistan. Market incentives, vertical relationship management and increasing pressure for certified and standardized products has pushed mango farms in Pakistan to acquire certifications like Global GAP. Workers’ working conditions and their basic rights can influence on sustainability of mango value chain system in Pakista...
Akbar Hayat*, Muhammad Nawaz Khan, Ehsan Ul Haque, Ahmed Raza, Faheem Khadeeja
...ot stock ratio. Maximum plant height attained in T0(Rough lemon) with max. canopy volume. All the exotic root stocks are compatible with Feutrell’s early. Objectively maximum fruit weight, fruit size, juice percentage and yield obtained in T1 Troyer citrange and T2 Cox mandarin as compared to local root stock rough lemon. Results depict that exotic citrus root stock Troyer citrange and Cox mandarin performed well with Feutrell’s early in the local ...
Cornelius Arome Omatola*, Samson Daniel Iyeh, Shedrach James Abuh, Charles Kehinde Mofolorunsho, Martin-Luther Oseni Okolo and Phoebe Queen Akoh
... of STIs, information is lacking regarding the magnitude of the disease in the study setting. This study investigated the prevalence of five major STIs (HIV, HBV, HCV, HSV-2 and syphilis) in asymptomatic women in Anyigba. Sera samples from a cross-section of 250 consenting pregnant women on antenatal visits to five health facilities were screened for HIV, HBV, HCV and HSV-2 using commercially available immunochromatographic ...
Indigenous Soilless Substrate Compositions Affect Growth, Yield and Quality of Cut Antirrhinum majus
Aqsa Ahmad1, Iftikhar Ahmad1* and Malik Fiaz Hussain Ferdosi2
...sed. Seeds were sown in plastic plug trays containing CC, silt (soil extracted from canal) and PM (1:1:1; v/v/v) substrate for seedling development and transplanted at the two to four leaf stage into lily crates with the treatment substrates. Plants grown in substrates containing SD + PH + PM (experiment I) indicated that plants grown in these soilless c...
Gulnaz Hameed1, Abdul Saboor1, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai2*, Ghaffar Ali2, Dawood Jan2 and Mansoor Rasheed3
...pment programs have been launched for long times. The research gap needs to be addressed is an empirical analysis of contribution of such initiatives in the welfare of masses through poverty reduction in the area. This research endeavor is designed to figure out the impact of one of such projects named as Azad Jammu and Kashmir Community Development (AJKCDP) through poverty estimation and exploring the correlates of poverty ...
Min Lv1, Hui Gan2, Zhide Ruan1, Huizan Yang1, Rui Wang1, Laiba Shafique3, Huma Naz4 and Huawei Ma1,*
...04 Cirrhinus molitorella at a stocking density of 7 individuals/m3were equally divided between three closed rectangular concrete ponds (4 m × 2 m × 1.6 m; water depth 1.2 m) with dissolved oxygen concentrations above 5.2 ± 0.3 mg/l, and pH 6.5–8.1. Water flow in the ponds was poor. The amount of feed increased from 0.81 ± 0.35 to 13.42 ± 1.89 g/fish-day throughout the ...
Daniel Masood1, Noor Khan1*, Khalid Javed Iqbal2, Sadaf Dogar1, Abdul Hanan1, Sadia Nazir1, Sheeza Bano1, Azra Anwar2, Sameul A.M. Martin3 and Chris J. Secombes3
...examine the effect of replacing soybean meal in fish diets with the cheaper alternative plant protein moringa meal (Moringa oleifera) on growth and body composition of Labeo rohita fingerlings. L. rohita (average weight 190.25±00g) were stocked randomly in glass aquaria for a 90 day feeding trial. Fish were fed twice daily with four different iso-nitrogenous die...
Muhammad Usman Saleem, Nadeem Iqbal, Shawaiz Iqbal*, Usama Bin Khalid, Adila Iram, Muhammad Akhter, Tahir Latif and Tahir Hussain Awan
...sery seedlings and transplanting them in puddled soils. Declining surface water, high cost of pumped groundwater, high labor costs, and drudgery in manually transplanted rice (TPR) have motivated researchers to develop alternated technology such as direct seeded rice (DSR). About 30% of total water used in rice cultivation is consumed for puddling of soil (la
Bin Huo1 and Xiaoyun Shen1,2,3*
...fe to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. During the past five years, Tibetan Gazelle have been affected by rickets and osteomalacia, characterized by emaciation, growth retardation, lameness,enlargement of the costochondral junctions and abnormal curvature in long bones. The aim of the study was to determine possible rela
Ali Uzun* and Bilgenur Yasa
...ion and dispersal on the lake surface was studied. Coots form large groups in winter (as many as 11,500 individuals). The total number of individuals has no effect on dispersal on the lake surface and grouping behavior of the species (p>0.05). Temperature and security are the primary effective factors for these subjects (p<0.01). Behaviors related ...
Bilal Atta1*, Muhammad Rizwan1, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Muhammad Dildar Gogi2, Muhammad Sabar1, Bakhtawar3, Faizan Ali3 and Mehran Sarwar3
...rains. Due to export regulations and zero-tolerance for alive insects in trade commodities, synthetic pesticides are often used to eliminate pest infestation in consignments. Phosphine is currently one and the only acceptable chemical used in stored grains, but due to their overuse, stored grain pests become resistant to this fumigant. There is, therefore, a great need to find alternatives. In this study insecticidal efficacy of different p
Khalid Khan* and Guo Xiangyu
...tic approach of Cobb-Douglas production function to evaluate the technical efficiency of rice production in Nasirabad, Balochistan. The results of the study vetoed all the hypotheses of technical efficiency. The results indicate that 42 percent of the rice producers are technically efficient and have significant potential for technical efficient rice production. Therefore, there is a great potential to increase the per acre productivity of a typical farmer in ...
Urosevic Milivoje1, Matejevic Milosava2*, Drobnjak Darko1 and Ozkanal Umit3
...nding on gender, age or place of origin. However, the premise of this research is that there are several different varieties of Tazi, depending on the proportions of the body. Measurement results of 19 morphometric parameters showed that there are statistically significant differences between three sub-populations of Tazi, one with a format index greater than 100, the other with a format index less than 100 and third with a ...
Ghulam Akbar1*, Muhammad Anjum Zia1, Ali Ahmad2, Neha Arooj1 and Shahneela Nusrat1
...gn: justify;">Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death along the world about 30% of all deaths occur due to cardiovascular diseases. Among fibrinolytic enzymes streptokinase (SK) is commonly used in the world to cure heart diseases because its low cost and efficacy. It’s a microbial origin enzyme produced especially by Streptococcus bacterial spp. Therefore, it is antigenic in nature due to microbial sour...
Şükrü Önalan1*, Muhammed Arabacı1and Haşmet Çağırgan2
...wo L. garvieae isolates obtained from different regions in Turkey were evaluated phenotypically in the study. In all isolates, cream colored, bright, round and S-type colonies with smooth margins were seen in TSA medium. They were alive during native examination without movement. It was observed that morphologically all isolates were Gram (+), α-hemolytic (BA), oxidase and cat...
Faisal Hafeez, Asad Aslam*, Ayesha Iftikhar, Afifa Naeem, Muhammad Faheem Akhtar and Muhammad Jawad Saleem
...crop when the jassid population was above ETL level. The most effective insecticide found was Nitenpyram, having minimum population per leaf (0.35, 0.23 and 0.31 in 2018 and 0.53, 0.33 and 0.42 in 2019 after 1, 3 and 7 days of spray), followed by Chlorfenpyr both years. However, Acephate was ineffective to control jassid population. Moreover, the order of percentage popu
Fazal Haq*, Asia Parveen, Safdar Hussain and Arshad Hussain
...ps were the targeted population and random sampling technique is used to select the sample. Self made questionnaires, filled through interviewed process from the random selected farmers were used as a tool for collecting primary data. The raw data is tabulated and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The analyzed data is used to develop the mathematical model. Simplex method is applied to find the optimal solution of the model, w...
Aamir Mushtaq1,2, Rukhsana Anwar1 and Mobasher Ahmad1,2,*
...allenge, this study was planned to utilize the bio-constituents of Pimpinella anisum dried seeds to check the oxidative neuronal decay in brain parts. Methanolic extract of Pimpinella anisum (meP.a) dried seeds was explored qualitatively and quantitatively for analysis of phytoconstituents along with anti-oxidant activity. Anti-amnesic activity was found by behavioral and bio...
Yan Xu1, Jia Zhou1, Guangfu Lv2, Yuexin Liu1, Xintong Zhao1, Xin Li1, Doudan Ye2, Xiaobo Qu1,* and Xiaowei Huang1*
... myocardial injury and related mechanisms through in vitro experiments. Different concentrations of DOX were used to treat H9c2 cells for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively, to determine the IC50. Different concentrations of PAP were treated to H9c2 cells for 24, 48, and 72 h to determine the effect of PAP on H9c2 cells. The experiment was divided into control group, DOX group, PAP group and DOX+PAP group. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and crea...
Alicja Kowalczyk1, Marian Kuczaj2, Anna Szul3 and Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska4*
...From each bull, two ejaculates were collected using an artificial vagina. Semen samples that showed more than 60% motility and 60% viability were selected for this experiment. To the four diluted samples were added 0µg/mL successively; 2µg/mL; 4µg/mL and 8µg/mL buserelin acetate (Buserelin® aniMedica, Poland). After equilibration, the straws were frozen in liquid nitrogen vapour using a computer c...
Ambrin1*, Ghulam Dastagir1, Jehan Bakht2 and Muhammad Adil1
... coli and Salmonella typhi. The MIC values of ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts of Z. mauritiana var. spontanea were the lowest for Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Shigella flexneri and Staphylococcus aureus. Highest zone of inhibition against Klebsiella pneumonia and P...
Muhammad Asim1, Zaheer Ahmad2, M. Akbar Khan1, M. Adeeb Babar1, Sayyed Ghyour Abbas1,*, Muhammad Khalil Nawaz1, Kiran Aftab3 and Muhammad Akhtar4
...omprise horn-cores, maxillary and mandibular fragments, and isolated teeth. Having compared with the previously described bovid remains from the Siwaliks, the new material has been allocated to Tragoportax cf. salmontanus. This species is well represented in the Middle Siwaliks but has not been previously reported from the Middle Miocene Chinji Formation of the Lower Siwalik ...
Iqbal Javed1, Abdur Rehman2*, Iftikhar Nabi3, Amar Razzaq4, Raheel Saqib5, Allah Bakhsh6, Muhammad Mohibullah7 and Muhammad Luqman8
...s of trading partner, inflation in Pakistan, inflation in trading partner and dummy variables joint border and religion by application of Park’s Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS). Result of this study showed that exchange rate of Pakistan has negative and significant effect on basmati export but exchange rate of trading partner has positive and significant effect on basmati export of Pakistan to its trading part...
Imran Khan1, Muhammad Nawaz1,*, Aftab Ahmad Anjum1, Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad2, Adnan Mehmood1, Masood Rabbani1, Amina Mustafa1 and Muhammad Asad Ali1
...iotics are useful in modulating and strengthening the gut microbiota. Present study was designed to determine the effect of three previously characterized probiotic lactobacilli i.e. L. fermentum IKP 23, L. fermentum IKP 111 and L. salivarius IKP 333 on histomorphology of small intestine and D-xylose absorption capacity in broiler challenged with S. enteritidis. Negative control group was n...
Sajjad Ali1,*, M. Irfan Ullah2, Asif Sajjad1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed2, M. Aslam Farooqi1, M. Shahid Rizwan3, Qaiser Shakeel4, Sohail Akhter1,Muhammad Raheel4 and Muhammad Arshad2
...ers with different host plants in terms of their physicomorphic attributes has been the subject of great interest with point of their integrated pest management. Helicoverpa armigera (Noctuidae; Lepidoptera) -being highly polyphagous- is the pest of many crops and exhibits high fecundity and migrating efficiency. The present study aimed to evaluate its physicomorphic responses towards different host plants. The highes...
Asmaa Abdallah Darwish
...rent treatment and prophylactic programs for human and animal. Unfortunately, few studies investigated their concentrations in different sheep diseases. So, this paper aimed to assess the antioxidant vitamins (E, A, D3 and C) levels in some sheep physiological and pathological conditions. For this purpose, 200 barki ewes were divided into control group, inflammatory diseases groups (pneumonic group, arthritic group, enteric ...
Hui-Ying Chen1,2*, Ping-Chuan Yin1,2, Ya-Nan Lu1,2, Hai-Yun Li1,2*and Yang Shan3
...is a widely used anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic drug that exhibits chemopreventive anti-tumor properties. Aspirin is considered to be partially mediated by the induction of apoptosis in cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of aspirin in the prevention of cancer are yet to be fully elucidated. In the current study, the GSE115660 microarray dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database t...
Lei Wang1, Lu Yang2, Lei Luo1, Yaqi Gao1*, Jian Gao1 and Ping Liu1
...us Ershoff (1874)populations from various geographic regions (southern and northern Xinjiang) based on morphological features, biological characteristics, and gene expression, thus providing a theoretical basis for the genetic manipulation of A. cinerarius. Illumina RNA-Seq was used to perform massive sequencing of 18 cDNA samples derived from male adults, female adults, and pupa of A. cinerarius in souther...
Yuhong Li1, Dongxue Wu1, Xue Wang1, Mi Zhang1, Hanyu Zhu1, Zhe Shi1 and Fumin Feng1,2*
...appa;B (NF-κB) regulates the gene expression of eukaryotic cells. This study aims to reveal the changes in NF-κB during the development and progression of liver injury induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs in mice. A total of 168 Kunming mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and one baseline group. The drug groups were orally administered with isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R), pyrazinamide (Z), and combination of these three drugs (HRZ...
Riffat Sultana*, Nuzhat Soomro and Muhammad Saeed Wagan
... sp.nov. and O. nitidula which is recorded from Pakistan for the first time. Comparative information on the female genitalia of both species is provided. Further, a note on the ecology and distribution of both species is given. With the addition of O. kashmorensis and the new record of O. nitidula, the numbers of known species in genus Oxya is raised to 9 for Pakistan and 5 for Sindh. We furt...
Reda Mohamed1, 2*
... right ruminal and reticular veins originate from the splenic vein. The epiploic branch originates either for the splenic or right ruminal veins. The left ruminal vein originates either from the splenic or left gastric veins. The accessory reticular and left gastroepiploic veins originate from the left gastric vein. The cranial pancreaticoduodenal, right gastric and right gastroepiploic veins detach from the gastroduodenal v...
Sana Khan1, Raheela Taj1, Noor Rehman2, Asad Ullah3, Imad Khan3 and Sadeeq ur Rahman3,*
...d spectrum β-lactamases producing C. freundii clinical isolates. A total of 2950 clinical samples were collected from both hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients of Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH), Peshawar, and processed by for isolation of C. freundii followed by phenotypic detection of β-lactamases and antimicr...
Shaista Abbas1,Imtiaz Rabbani1, Hafsa Zaneb2, M. Shahbaz Yousaf1, Saima Ashraf2, Abid Hussain Shahzad3, M. Afzal Rashid4 and Habib Rehman1,*
...ever, when compared with large ruminants there is scarcity of the data reporting the effects of dietary yeast in transition goats. Therefore, a trial was planned to elucidate the effects of various inclusion levels of live dried yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on dry matter intake (DMI), body condition score (BCS), body weight (BW) and serum health biomarkers in Beetal goats during the transition period. Twenty-four ...
Muhammad Saeed Imran1, Asim Aslam1*, Muhammad Yasin2, Tahir Yaqoob2 and Beenish Zahid3
...cacy of commercially available vaccines against each virus alone as well as co-infections with NDV and IBV in commercial poultry. For assessment of vaccine efficacy, commercial chickens were vaccinated with La Sota (against NDV) and Massachusetts (against IBV) vaccine preparations. After screening the protective titers in birds at 19 days post inoculation three week-old broilers were challenged with 10-5.76 and 10...
Fermín López-Uriostegui1, Jesus T. Ponce-Palafox2*, Fabiola Lango-Reynoso1, María R. Castañeda-Chávez1, Itzel Galaviz-Villa1, Sergio Castillo-Vargasmachuca2 and Arturo Ruiz Luna3
...studied under controlled laboratory conditions. Sub-adult’s prawns (10.29 ± 0.27 g) were reared in these conditions for 72 days. Each experimental group contained 25 prawns in an approximately 100-L water capacity tank. The experimental design was factorial with three repetitions per treatment. Prawns were fed (commercial shrimp feed with 35% protein, 12% lipid) daily at a ratio of 10% body weight, twice a day (10:00 and 18:00 h). The optimal grow...
Yue Qin Song, Hui Zhong Sun* and Jun Feng Dong
...ey elements in the molecular recognition and discrimination of odorants. On the basis of female and male antennal transcriptomes of Yemma signatus adults, a total of 66 candidate Y. signatus olfactory receptor genes (YsigORs), including one olfactory co-receptor (Orco), were identified in this study. All the sequences were further validated by cloning and sequencing. Tissue expression profiles of all YsigOR genes in the antennae of females and ma...
Mahvish Rajput1, Abdullah G. Arijo1, Muhammad Bachal Bhutto1, Rehana Shahnawaz Buriro2, Javaid Ali Gadahi1, Muhammad Naeem3 and Zubair Ahmed Laghari1*
...pp.) infection in sheep slaughtered at the abattoir of Hyderabad, Pakistan and their molecular characterization with analysis of their evolutionary relationship. A total of 200 rumens from slaughtered sheep were examined and out of 200 sheep, a total of 75 (37.5%) were positive for rumen fluke infection. The results indicate that sheep were infected with...
Murtala Muhammad, Ting Zhang, Siyu Gong, Jing Bai, Jiansong Ju, Baohua Zhao* and Dong Liu*
...d fish species is in an alarming trend, due to the possible emergence of antibiotic resistant strains. The bacteria was responsible for the disease outbreak that caused massive mortality of Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) in 2016. We isolated the pathogenic bacteria (HNM-1) from the infected A. sinensis and identified its identity by conventional physiological, biochemical, and molecu
Arifa Savanur1,*, Tallat Naz1,2, Tayyaba Hamid1,3, Syed Abid Ali4, Mian Jahangir1,3 and Muhammad Abdul Azeem4
...acteristics of parallel elastic component (PEC), series elastic component (SEC) and contractile element (CE). Reptiles in general and Uromastix in particular have been less investigated regarding the mechanical responses and the characteristics of elastic elements of their visceral muscle tissues. Therefore, a comparative study was conducted to de...
Sohail Ahmed1,*, Muhammad Waseem Saleem1, Abid Ali1, Muhammad Shahid Nisar2, Rashad Rasool Khan1 and Abdul Rashid3
... biocontrol agents with plant chemical and insecticide against Thrips tabaci L. (Thripidae: Thysanoptera), release of Coccinella septempunctata and Chrysoperla carnea, spray of Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) 5% and spinosad 240 SL (Tracer) were integrated in all possible combinations, thus, making a total of 15 treatments including separate application of each above a...
Omer Draz1, Xijun Ni2, Khizar Samiullah1,*, Riffat Yasin1, Rana Mehroz Fazal1, Sakeela Naz1, Saleem Akhtar1, Mahpara Gillani1 and Muzammil Ejaz1
...mains of order artiodactyla have been recovered from Dhok Pathan Formation, northern Pakistan. The assemblage represents 16 specimens belonging to seven species of order artiodactyla which are Selenoportax vexillarius, Pachyportax latidens, Dorcatherium minus, Dorcatherium majus, Gazella
Ghulam Mohi Uddin Paracha* and Yasser Durrani
.../100 g respectively. Similarly, the values of titratable acidity and total soluble solids increased from 0.67 to 0.77 % and 9.12 to 10.59 °Brix respectively. On the basis of sensory evaluation BP7 and BP4 obtained maximum mean scores for color, flavor and overall acceptability. From the overall results, it was concluded that (P < 0.05) blended pulp treatment BP7 (blended pulp + 0.033% potassium sorbate + 0.033% potass...
Bala Gambo Jahun1,2*, Muhammad Yamin2,3, Desa Bin Ahmad2, Muhammad Razif Mahdi2, Shamsuddin Suleiman4 and Salihu Ahmad Abdulkadir5
...stify;">Pruning produces large quantities of waste from oil palm fronds (OPFs). During mulching of oil palm fronds, lifting angles of mulcher’s blades affect the mulching depth and may damage the shallow roots of oil palms. This study investigates the influence of blade lifting angles, tractor’s forward speed and tractor’s PTO speed in predicting mulching depth. Four b
Anila Latif, Zaheer Abbas, Farhatullah and Ghulam Muhammad Ali*
...>Dimond Back Moth (Plutella xylostella) is highly destructive for cruciferous crops globally and resistant against different chemicals and biopesticides. DBM has shown resistance against 12 different strains of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and 91 active ingredients of agricultural chemicals globally. Alternative ways should be explored to control DBM. Berberine is an insect toxic alkaloid and produced by p
Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Waqas Raza1*, Waqas Wakil2,3, Imtiaz Hussain4 and Misbah Iqbal Qamar1
...tify;">Pre-treatment of plants with chemical elicitors can induce systemic resistance against plant pathogens and insect herbivores. The plan of the study was to study induction of defense responses and protective effects against Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary and sucking insect pests of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) with application of salicylic...
Hasnain Alam1*, Jabar Zaman Khan Khattak1 and Taoufik Saleh Ksiksi2
... species for sustainable landscaping. In this study, we evaluated the germination response under osmotic stresses for four native species i.e. Atriplex leucoclada, Senna italica, Tetraena mandavillei and Tephrosia apollinea. Two osmotic agents (OA) i.e. NaCl and PEG 6000 and four osmotic levels (OL) i.e. 0, -0.2, -0.4 and -0.6 MPa were tested for each species. Data was collected for different germination traits including ger...
H. Liu1, X.P. Tang1, R.J. Fang1,*, F.Yi2, C. Zhang2, R.Q. Yang1, F. Sun1 and S.Y. Zhou1
Xiuqing Hao1, Zhe Hong2, Huili Gao1, Fumin Tian1, Hongke Zhang3, Yu Zhou3, Yuming Guo3, Guang Yang1,* and Bingyao Chen1,*
...n the oceans are still relatively rare in China. From November 2013 to January 2014, we utilized line-transect method to investigate the bird community and fishery vessel in Beihai and Shatian, northern Beibu Gulf, China, for obtaining the baseline knowledge. The best model generated the seabirds’ density of 11.47 (95% confidence interval 6.90-19.05) individuals/km2 and 1.94 (1.27 - 2.95) individuals/km2, respectively in Beihai and ...
Tingting Li, Shuangshuang Geng, Long Xie, Huiyan Xu, Aolin Luo, Pengwei Zhao, Huan Yang, XingWei Liang, YangQing Lu, XiaoGan Yang* and KeHuan Lu*
...iological functions and plays important roles in the nervous system and in the reproduction of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). To date, commercialized murine and human GDNF have typically been used for the in vitro culture of SSCs from domestic animals. However, whether endogenous GDNF is superior to xenogenic GDNF in SSC culture in vitro remains unclear. To answer this question, the buffalo GDNF gene was cloned and integrated into the PiggyBac...
Khayyam1*, Muhammad Zahid1, Naiz Ali2 and Qadeem Khan3
...lusmn;4.83years). The prolactin in HT females and males showed significantly high values (p=0.041, 0.025respectively) but follicle stimulating hormone was significantly low (p=0.0007) in female HT patients. Follicle stimulating hormone and Luteinizing hormone concentrations were higher than normal range in both male and female Grave’s disease patients. Pro
Shaheen Rahman1, Kafeel Ahmad1*, Niaz Ali2, Muhammad Idrees3 and Waqar Ali4
...um tumefaciens is a plant pathogen that causes devastating Crown Gall disease. Current studies were aimed at the isolation of A. tumefaciens from local soil. Five soil samples were collected from research farm of Agricultural University Peshawar, Pakistan. Soil samples were processed for the isolation of A. tumefaciens. Various biochemical and morphological tests were con...
Tehreem Usman1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3 and Qaisra Siddique1
...o see the behaviour, catalase (CAT) activity and total protein contents (TPC) in Ctenopharyngodon idella under binary mixtures of insecticides viz. endosulfan(ES)+chlorpyrifos(CPF) and endosulfan(ES)+bifenthrin (BIF). The fish behaviour was observed from both treated and control groups. Fish under exposure of insecticides mixtures exhibit abnormal behaviour and tried to jump out from water, come to surface and gulp ai...
Muhammad Tahir Waseem1, Abdul Majid Khan1*, Saliha Khalid1, Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,2, Ayesha Iqbal1, Muhammad Ameen1
...ic investigations of Boselaphine specimens belonging to genera Pachyportax and Selenoportax. The available information on both taxa is scanty and only few specimens are known for both genera especially Pachyportax. The members of both genera have medium to large sized body with strong hypsodonty of teeth representing grazing on coarse grasses and shrubs in the Late Mio...
Muhammad Tariq Rasheed1, Imran Bodlah1*, Ammara Gull e Fareen1,2, Muhammad Shakeel Khokhar1
...sing most recent and available literature provided by Bharti and Akbar (2014). Herein we report one species of this genus C. raja (Forel, 1902) based on queen for the first time from Himalayan Foothills of Pakistan. Differential diagnosis, morphometric and illustrations are provided with notes on distributional range.
Dil Afroza Khanom1, Amirun Nesa1, Muhammad Abu Sayed Jewel1, Muhammad Ayenuddin Haque1, Alok Kumar Paul1, Sonia Iqbal2, Usman Atique2,3*, Lubna Alam4
...a, for the muscular tissue bioaccumulation of selected heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu, and Mn) and their human health risks. A total of 50 fish species (25 individuals each) were examined from the Padma River, Bangladesh, and subjected to heavy metals presence and loads by detection after wet digestion of samples. The results displayed the hie...
Afzal Nimra1, Zulfiqar Ali1*, Safdar Sidra 2, Rida Ahmad1
... roads, where high vehicular emissions probably emit trace metal pollutants.
Abid Khan*, Mukhtar Alam and Yousaf Jamal
...an. The experiments were laid out using three factors factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Bio-aab was used as a source of (BM) culture. Microbes present in this culture were species of photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Rhodobacter spaeroides), lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus
Muhammad Medrar Hussain*, Asad Jan* and Sayyar Khan Kazi
...an half of the human population. Different environmental stresses greatly affect cash crops. Among these, drought is a serious abiotic stress effecting rice productivity. Therefore, the current study was designed to know the role of OsTZF8 gene in conferring tolerance to drought stress. For this purpose, OsTZF8 gene was over-expressed in Oryza sativa subspecies indica variety Swat-1. Through Agrobacterium mediated transformation, OsTZF8 gene (pBIG-Ubi-OsTZF8) ...
Arshad Farooq1*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan2, Abdul Hassan1, Muhammad Ishaq3 and Asif Nawaz2
...y selected from eight villages of the eight selected union councils. The empirical results indicated that farmers of district Mardan had 41 percent knowledge gap with cane yield 58387 kgs/hectare and sample farmers of district Dera Ismail Khan had 33 percent knowledge gap with 82184 kgs/hectare. The results showed that in both districts sugarcane farmers had medium knowledge gap (37%) with cane yield 70912 kgs/hectare. Findings revealed that one-year improveme...
Muhammad Younis1, Shahen Shah1*, Inamullah1, Rozina Gul2, Arshad Jalal1, Farhan Khalil1, Iqbal Hussain1 and Muhammad Adnan Fahad3
...ameters of sesame. Pods plant‑1, grain yield, plant height, and harvest index (HI) were observed highest using P @ 50 kg ha-1, while flowering and maturity were delayed when no P and S applied. Pods plant-1and biological yield were recorded highest at sulphur level 45 kg ha-1. The HI attained its peak at 75 kg P ha-1 with no sulphur application. It was...
Muhammad Salim1*, Ayhan Gökçe1, Muhammad Nadir Naqqash1 and Orkun Ersoy2
...omaceous earth (DE) formulation consisted of diatoms, obtained from Niğde Province, Turkey, was tested against adults of the granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.) under laboratory conditions (25±1°C, 60±5% RH). Diatomaceous earth was applied to wheat grain at the rates of 100, 250, 300, 500, 750, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/Kg. Adult mortalities were assessed after 7, 14 and 21 days. Mortality rates rose wi...
Filza Fatima Rizvi1, Muhammad Umair1, Muhammad Kahlid Jamil2*, Masooma Hassan2, Komal Qayyum1 and Syed Mohsin Raza Kazmi3
...r region that includes solar, wind and biogas has been calculated from the data, taken from different sources. Based on the analysis, it is estimated that the solar energy potential in Pothohar region is ~ 97321 MW, only ~ 126 MW (0.12 %) is used in Agriculture sector for different farm operations. Likewise, only 51 MW of wind energy is exploited from 63000 MW, and the potential of biogas ...
Gulnaz Parveen1*, Salma Gul2, Muhammad Ather Rafi3, Ashfaq Ali Khattak4 and Hikmatullah Jan5
...a is one of the most popular plant having a strong antifungal activity for different fungal pathogens and have compounds are more effective to promote the growth of tomato plant. Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) plant is highly susceptible to root rotting fungi causing huge losses each year in Pakistan. Acacia nilotica used as a biofertilizer and Signifi...
Muhammad Ali1*, Norsida Man2, Farrah Melissa Muharam2 and Siti Zobidah Omar3
...d behavioral control and lastly the subjective norms. Thus, using TPB in this context would be helpful for other researchers and academia to understand the influence of each construct in the model. ...
Jaffar Hussain1*, Syed Farman Ali Shah1, M. Zeenat Ali1 and Javad Ahmad Shah2
... world and about 80% population depend upon agriculture. Soil is an important medium on which crops grow and obtain nutrients for their growth and improvement. For determination of macro-micronutrients and some physico-chemical properties of soil, samples were collected from different area of Jamshoro (Soman, Murad, Abadnear Kotrai Jamshoro). These nutrients are so important for crops yield and human being. The results expla...
Samman Gul Vaseer1, Muhammad Rasheed1*, Muhammad Ansar1, Yamin Bibi2, Saqlain Shah1, Asma Hassan1, Lubna Ayub Durani1, Muhmmad Asif3 and Zuhair Husnain1
...align: justify;">Cobalt plays an important role in nitrogen (N) fixation occurring within the nodules of legume plants. However, the variable reports for Cobalt (Co) effects on plant growth and crop yields urged to research and verify if the Co is an essential component particularly for leguminous crops. A greenhouse study was
Aurang Zeb, Abdur Rab and Shujaat Ali*
...ext-align: justify;">The lab experiment was conducted on “Effect of location on physico-chemical composition and storage duration of Sweet orange” at The University of Agriculture, Peshawar in 2016. Complete Randomized Design and three replications were used. Sweet orange was collected from four different locations i.e. location-1 (Torwarsak, Buner), location-2 (Rabat, Lower Dir), location-3 (Wartair, Malakand)...
Ahmad Khan1*, Raza Ullah Khan1, Sadia Khan2, Muhammad Zameer Khan1 and Fayyaz Hussain1
...esearch Centre, (NARC),Islamabad to see the effect of plant derived humic substances (PDHS) on chickpea crop grown in 5.50 kg soil container, consisting seven treatments, whereby HS was given either as soil applied (at the rate 0, 15,30,45,60 mg l-1) and as foliar ( 100,150 mg l-1) The experiment was laid out in CRD under greenhouse conditions. Three seeds of chickpea variety Dhasht was so...
Shah Nawaz Khuhro1*, Irshad Ali Junejo1, Muhammad Haroon Hullio1, Sultan Ahmed Maitlo2, Javeed Shabir Daar3 and Shahjahan Rajput1
...in methods of insect population monitoring. The other colors were less attractant so this study found that using yellow-colored sticky-traps as an alternative for Brinjal crop for the monitoring and management of whitefly. On the basis of results it is suggested that sticky traps are the most excellent integrated pest management approach to prevent problems from increase of whitefly population in the brinjal crop. Further is...
Shah Nawaz Khuhro1*, Irshad Ali Junejo1, Muhammad Haroon Hullio1, Mohammad Farooque Hassan2, Sultan Ahmed Maitlo3 and Mukhtiar Ahmed Shaikh4
...o do not read, fallow up label direction of registered pesticide and hazardous indications and majority of farmers did not adopt pest scouting practices. Many farmers disposed pesticide containers and bottles on insecure places and not adopted proper storage, handling, protective devices and most of them did not used any other alternate practices as bio pesticides, bio-control enhancement practices to control pest problems. ...
Md. Zubael Islam, Rukhsana Amin Runa and Md. Mahmudul Alam*
...a of Sirajganj district plays a significant role to meet the demand for milk in Bangladesh. However, due to foot diseases the farmers face a considerable amount of economic loss. The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of foot diseases in cattle and also to explore the risk factors having a promoting role in developing foot affections in three unions (Potazia, Jalalpur, and K...
Mian Adnan Kakakhel1, Faryal Gohar1, Zahid Anwar2, Raza Ullah1, Muhammad Attaullah3, Shahbaz Ahmad4, Aamir Khan5, Kalimullah5*
... Caslon Pro";">Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by T. gondii, which infects warm-blooded animals worldwide. This study was conducted with the main objectives, determination of seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in pet dogs. To evaluate the main associated risk factors related with T. gondii exposure to this...
Muhammad Iqbal1, Sami Ul-Allah2*, Muhammad Naeem1, Muhammad Ijaz2 and Muhammad Qadir Ahmad3
...ical attributes of seed play a prime role in seedling establishment. Present study was conducted to investigate genotypic variability and correlations among upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) cultivars for some physical (seed weight, seed surface area and seed density) and biochemical (seed oil contents) seed traits. The study determined the effects of water stress on genetic variability o...
Ayesha Zafar1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Muhammad Sarfraz2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Sher Muhammad3 and Ghulam Murtaza1
...ulture in Pakistan. The plants in saline environment are negatively affected due to several issues like low osmotic potential, specific ion effect, and nutritional imbalance. The fertilizer behavior in salt stress conditions is quite different as compared to the normal soils. Linseed is an important oil seed crop. Its 50 % yield reduction occurs at ECe 5.9 dSm-1 and ESP value of 25-30. A field experiment was conducted on sal...
Ghani Akbar
..."text-align: justify;">Malakand division has rich natural resources, having large potential for agriculture and tourism development, while its strategic location indicates a tendency of increasing importance of this region in the near future. Agriculture, one of the main sources of income of 52% of population of Malakand division, is less profitable due ...
Application of MATLAB for Designing and Simulation of High-Efficiency Center Pivot Irrigation System
Filza Fatima Rizvi1*, Waqar khan2, Syed Mohsin Raza Kazmi3 and Muhammad Umer4
...: justify;">Almost 5000 Glaciers of Pakistan are retreating. They are retreating faster than any other part of the World. Water availability per capita in Pakistan is dropping very alarmingly. Against a dismal supply of 191 million-acre feet, the demand for water is projected to escalate to 274 MAF by 2025, culminating into a deficit of 83 MAF. Pakistan ...
Muhammad Jan1*, Safdar Hussain2, Muhammad Anwar ul Haq3, Javed Iqbal4, Ilyas Ahmad4, Muhammad Aslam4 and Aiman Faiz3
...s depending upon the availability, the type of the soil and crops to be grown would not only maximize the crop production and improve the quality of agricultural products but would also maintain the fertility, productivity and overall health of the soil for posterity. So, keeping in view the beneficial effects of organic sources i-e compost and farm yard manure (FYM), a field experiment was planned with the objectives to stu...
Muhammad Mohibullah1*, Mehran1, Sundas Batool1, Muhammad Amin1, Zakiullah1, Muhammad Ilyas2, Irfanullah1, Abdur Rehman1 and Sardar Ali3
...phonological and yield related parameters in desi Cicer arietinum L. genotypes atAgriculture Research Institute, D. I. Khan, Pakistan. Sixteen chickpea genotypes including 14 accessions along with 2 check varieties (Bhakkar-2011 and Bittle-2016) were grown and evaluated according to (RCB) design in three blocks. High variation were noted in the chickpea germplasmsin days to germination, days to 50% flowering, seeds pe...
Noor Islam1*, Rashid Mahmood1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Sarfaraz Ahmad2 and Saleem Abid3
...r and pollen are not available to honey bees. In this study, some pollen substitute diets i. e., diet 1 (soybean flour + brewer’s yeast + powdered sugar + sugar syrup), diet 2 (soybean flour + brewer’s yeast + powdered sugar + Fenugreek and Turmeric powders + honey + orange juice + A, D and E vitamins + sugar syrup), diet 3 (maize flour + brewer’s yeast + powdered sugar + sugar syrup), diet 4 (maize flour + brewer’s yeast + honey + turm...
Iram Fatima1*, Imran Pasha1, Ambreen Saddozai2, Shahid Nadeem3, Amer Mumtaz4 and Saqib Jabbar4
... justify;">Street foods play their significant role in the society by satisfying hunger at affordable rate for poor slums. This low infrastructure business is rising day by day due to growing urbanization. The study aimed at exploring the safety status of various snacks and beverages sold in the streets of Faisalabad, Pakistan. The three zones of city were selected for the purpose of sample...
Wajiha Anum1*, Liaquat Ali1, Umair Riaz2*, Abid Ali1, Nadia Manzoor3, Laal Hussain Akhter4, Asad Ur Rahman5, Naeem Maan6 and Ijaz Ahmad7
...f metabolic function in plants. However, it is not readily available to the crop because of its immobile nature. In order to ensure its efficient uptake by crop, an experiment was conducted to appraise the effect of various P placement methods and fertilizer rates on wheat. The fertilizer treatments were F1=150-00-60 NPK kilogram/hectare, F2=150-30-60 NPK kilogram/hectare, F3=150-60-60 NPK...
Ghani Akbar*, Muhammad Asif, Zafar Islam and Shahid Hameed
...sons being attributed to lack of knowledge of furrow bed design, installation and management. Therefore, this study is aimed to illustrate appropriate installation and management of furrow bed irrigation method for enhancing decision support on farms. Pakistan is a major irrigated agricultural country with more than 90% of crop production coming from irrigated areas. Irrigation water avai<...
Muhammad Rasheed1*, Zafar Ullah1, Muhammad Ansar1, Asma Hassan1, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz2, Muhammad Hussain Shah4 and Muhammad Arshadullah3
...tion and conventional tillage systems. The highest number of tillers plant-1 (11) for Oats was recorded in oats-vetch mixture under conventional tillage (CT) while comparing minimum tillage (MT) to zero tillage (ZT) 43 percent higher yield of oats was obtained under MT. The impact of cereal legume mixture on forage yie...
Neelam Pery*, Nayab Batool Rizvi, Muhammad Imtiaz Shafiq
...ed tremendously over the last two decades. The persistent monopoly of the conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs over the drug platform has been taken over by a number of biologics including TNFα inhibitors, IL-1 inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors, and co-stimula<...
Majeeda Rasheed1*, Tanveer Akhtar1, Nadia Mukhtar2, Muhammad Furqan Shahid2, Muhammad Imran3, Saima Yaqub2
...on on disease serosurveillance of prevailing strains in Gilgit-Balitistan (GB) territory is scarce. Therefore, the current study was designed to assess the seroprevalence of PPRV and to evaluate potential risk factors involved in the transmission of PPR disease in four distinct locations of GB province. We reported occurrence and risk factor analysis of PPR in small ruminants (n=1000) originating from different places in dis...
Saira Saleemi1*, Zafar Iqbal1, Abdul Nasir Khalid2
...ngus was confirmed by isolating the pathogenic fungus from affected skin, gills, fins, heart, liver, kidney and intestine of fish and culturing it on four different culture media; Malt extract agar (MEA), Corn meal agar (CMA), Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and Potato dextrose agar (PDA). The inoculated culture plates were incubated for 5-8 days at 28-32 oC. The fungal growth in ...
Hina Nazli, Abida Butt*
... Thorell, 1887 under laboratory conditions. The field rate of both insecticides caused approximately 50% mortality in the population of O. javanus. Toxicity data showed that these insecticides are slightly harmful ( caused < 80% mortality) towards studied spider. Insecticide residues of different ages were used to evaluate the residual toxicity of both insecticides. Mortality in exposed spiders decreased...
Fehmina Ashraf1*, Muhammad Irfan2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Shaukat Ali3, Muhammad Khan1
...us species of bacteria, plants and in different genera of fungi. Laccases have been purified by various methods. It involves in di-oxygen to water reduction and 1e- oxidation of phenolic and its allied parts. Laccases are mostly used in different industries like food, paper and pulp, pharmaceutical and textile etc. Both laccases and mediators have been used in different process like delignification of pulp. Laccases from bac...
Md. Al-Amin Tan1, Mst. Antora Akter1, Md. Sabuj Rahman1, Marzia Rahman2 and Md. Mahmudul Alam1*
...ration with various formulations of Chlorhexidine gluconate, Chlorxylenol, and Povidone-iodine (PI) in goat. Seven surgical fields were prepared for evaluating seven formulations of these antiseptics. The bacterial swabs collected at different stages of skin preparations were transferred in nutrient broth and cultured in Plate Count Agar for counting of Colony Forming Unit (CFU). Results r...
Ayesha Iqbal1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Abdul Majid Khan1*, Muhammad Tahir Waseem1, Ayesha Iqbal1, Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,2, Muhammad Ameen1
... canines extend in ventrolateral directions and continue to grow in lateral direction while in males the upper canines extend out in anterolateral direction and curve dorsally. The estimation of suid’s ages was based on third molar eruption. The fifty-one craniometric and twenty mandibular measurements were carri...
Zubair Aslam and Ali Ahmad*
...aize hybrid P30B74. The plants were harvested 45 days after sowing and the evaluation was done on the basis of various morphological (root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, number of leaf, leaf length, stem girth) and physiological parameters (relative water contents (RWC), chlorophyll contents and membrane stability index (MSI)). The obtained results indicated th...
Korkmaz Bellitürk1, Zubair Aslam2, Ali Ahmad2* and Sami ur Rehman2
...utstanding nutrients availability, established by chemical studies, and confined all the vital macro, micronutrients and less heavy metals. This analysis will also support to select the best option for future use of these materials in the fields. ...
Hasaan Aziz*, Fariha Altaaf, Attia Bashir, Abdul Basit, Syed Anam Masood Gardazi and Farah Haider
...to exist as 11 distinct clades around the globe; however, as to what prevail in Pakistan to devise appropriate diagnostics and control strategies is yet to be known. Despite the use of modified live vaccine to dogs, occurrence of disease is not uncommon. Here, we sequenced and phylogenetically analysed the complete hemagglutinin gene of CDV from a male dog (14 months old) exhibiting clinically suggestive symptoms. With a characteristic amino acid residue for d...
Anurag Sharma*, Naresh Kumar, Geetanjali Singh and Anika Sharma
...ial nutraceuticals and galactagogue in animal husbandry. Both these herbs are known to have pharmacological effects which include hypoglycemic, hypo-lipidemic, antidiabetic, hepato-protective, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal and galactagogue activity. The commercially available drugs pose health threats and prove detriment...
Hassan Boulahyaoui1,2*, Sanaa Alaoui Amine1,3, Marouane Melloul4, Farida Hilali5, Elmostafa El-Fahime1,3, Saad Mrani1,2 and Nadia Touil1,5*
...Here we report the molecular characterization, antigenic disparities and the phylogenetic analysis of unusual human rotavirus VP4 genotype detected in Moroccan children fully vaccinated with Rotarix™. After RNA virus extraction, the rotavirus VP7 and VP4 genes were amplified. The DNA was purified, sequenced and genotypes were determined using the RotaC online classification tool. A phylogenetic tree was constructed usi...
Olotu Titilayo Mabel*, Adeosun Idowu Jesulayomi, Kaka Mary Oluwatosin and Oladipo Elijah Kolawole
...ive is to describe the relatedness of these HIV-1 pol genes with each other and its antiviral drug susceptibility which will provide more information on its sensitivity and resistivity to each antiviral drug. Seventeen partial genome sequences of HIV-1 Pol gene from some West African countries were retrieved from NCBI database. Evolutionary relationship was determined by Multiple sequence alignment using Clusta W and the seq...
Muhammad Rafiq1, Muhammad Tariq Mahmood2*, Mushtaq Ahmad2, Imtiaz Ali3, Muhammad Saleem1, Irfan Rasool1 and Zeshan Ali4
...one regions and marginal lands where moisture stress is a major limiting factor for chickpea production. In order to identify drought resilient chickpea genotypes, a field experiment consisting of 16 elite genotypes was carried out in two environments i.e. under moisture stress and non-stress environment following randomized complete block design at Gram Breeding Research Station, Kallurkot, Punjab, Pakistan during rabi season of 2018-19. Under moisture stress...
Zia-Ur-Rehman1, Faisal Sohail Fateh2*, Humayun Saleem1 and Muhammad Abu Bakar Siddique1
...Federal Territories of Islamabad to estimate the intensity of the disease by calculating the disease index. The prevalence of disease was 100% in all markets of Khanna Pul, Burma Chowk, Taramri, NIH Market, Chatha Bakhtawar, I-8, I-10/2, I-10 (Markaz), Sabzi Mandi, I-9. Maximum Mean Disease Index 77.78% was found in the market of Khanna Pul which supplies the fruits to high class, middle c...
Nasrullah1*, Ahmad Nawaz Khoso1, Jamila Soomro2, Ilahi Bakhash Marghazani1, Masood-ul-Haq Kakar1, Abdul Hameed Baloch1, Sarfaraz Ahmed Brohi1 and Muhammad Asif Arain1*
...hibited higher resting, playing and other activities compared to sheep. Findings of dry matter intake (DMI), crude protein (CP) natural detergent fiber (NDF) and nutrient detergent fiber (NDF) were recorded significantly similar (P<0.05) in both species. Furthermore, digestibility of DM was observed similarly among two species while, digestibility of CP was recorded higher on millet fod...
Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Ocheme Julius Okojokwu1 and Onyemocho Audu2
...ue to the increasing availability of effective pangenotypic antiviral DAAs. Understanding the extent of HCV genetic diversity is important for treatment and development of vaccine. Among the routes of HCV transmission; intravenous drug addiction or injection drug use accounts for the majority of many cases apart from hemodialysis patients, unprotected sexual intercourse, blood transfusion and vertical transmission. Therefore, there is a need for government com...
Muhammad Abu Bakar Siddique1, Faisal Sohail Fateh2*, Zia-Ur-Rehman1 and Humayun Saleem1
...ign: justify;">Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) belongs to solanaceae family and is categorized as tuberous crop. Potato is ranked 4th all over the world after rice, wheat and maize. Nutritionally potato is rich in vitamins (B1, B2 and B6), minerals (potassium, phosphorus and magnesium), pantothenic acid and riboflavin. Major potato producing districts in Punjab are Okara, Sahiwal, Kasur, Sia...
Naseem Zahra1* and Shajia Jabeen2
...of the world’s population. Brown rice is unrefined, coarse and unpolished whole grain rice which is directly obtained by removing only husk. In Brown rice, the embryo may or may not be left undamaged depending upon the hulling process. Brown rice may become white rice when the bran layer is exposed of in the milling process. In present era where diseases are common and people are in search of nutritious diet containing...
Hafiz Abdul Ghafoor1*, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Luqman2, Muhammad Arshad Javed2, Syed Wasim Hasan3 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1
...n a citrus (Citrus reticulata cv. kinnow mandarin) orchard. In first year field experiment, there was a significant impact of all treatments on the reduction of mealybug infestation (F9, 39 = 39.10, P < 0.001; HSD at α = 0.05) as compared to control plants. Results of 2nd experiment also clearly demonstrated a significant impact of different treatments on the mealybug infestation (F12, 103 = 58.75, P < 0.001; HSD...
Jawad Ali Jan1, Ghulam Nabi1, Maqsood Khan1,2*, Shehzad Ahmad1, Peer Sikandar Shah1, Saddam Hussain1 and Sehrish1
...are applied to the crop plants in different farms to improve its production and nutritional value. This experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Institute (ARI) Tarnab, Peshawar during summer 2016. Two factors i.e. Chilli varieties (Magma and High fly) and humic acid levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g L-1) were applied in the field during experiment. The results of the experiment showed that High fly variety took minimum days to produce flowering (33 days...
Muhammad Usman Asif1*, Sadam Hussain Soomro2, Raza Muhammad1, Sikandar Ali Soomro2
...st 3rd instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera under laboratory conditions at their low, recommended and high doses by leaf dip method. The results concluded that significantly high toxicity was shown after treatment with Neomed 3 SC which caused 100 % to the insect at its recommended (200 ml) and high dose (400 ml) after 24 hours of application followed by Voliam Flexi 300 SC causing 66.66 % and 75% mortalit...
Yasir Iftikhar1, Mustansar Mubeen1,2*, Waqas Raza1, Qaiser Shakeel3, Waseem Abbas1, Shehzad Iqbal1 and Ashara Sajid1
... virus (PLRV), aphid population, and environmental factors are normally used to monitor the disease severity as these factors are interconnected. In the present study, ten potato varieties viz., FSD white, FD 8-1, FD 71-1, Tota 704, Kuruda, FD 74-41, FD 76-24, SH 216-A, N 96-25 and FD 74-50 were evaluated against PLRV. The range of disease incidence was from 15.93% to 64.58%. Moreover, susceptible reaction was observed in five varieties (FD 71-1, Tota-704, FSD...
Muhammad Raheel Faiz1, Ijaz Ashraf1, Haq Nawaz2, Muhammad Zubair3*, Muhammad Sajid Mahmood4, Sajid Hussain5 and Abdul Qadeer2
...possible solutions. Faisalabad Sadar Tehsil was selected as a study area where the vegetables are intensively grown by the farmers. There were total 58 rural union councils in Faisalabad Sadar, out of which 6 were selected through simple random sampling. From each selected union council, one village was selected at random and from each selected village, ...
Khalid Khan1, Marguerite Wotto2, Saima Liaqat3, Gulawar Khan1, Balach Rasheed1, Sara Rafiq4 and Guo Xiangyu5*
...nducted in district Lasbela, Balochistan. Its objective was to investigate the technical efficiency of tomato farms in the district and its determinants. A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from one hundred tomato growers. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used for selection of the farmers. The Cobb-Douglas production function was used to estimate the technical efficiency and performance of the f...
Hafiz Muhammad Imran Javed* and Mushtaq Ahmed
...ing 526 amino acids. Similarly, the ORF of F gene was 1641 nucleotide long which encoded 547 amino acids. Upon phylogenetic analysis of the country isolates with the vaccine strains, it was revealed that isolates were clustered within lineage IV (Asian Lineage) closer to Indian isolates. On the other hand, a number of substitutions were observed at sites...
M. Hammouchi1*, G. Sebbar1, N. Touil2, C. Loutfi1, Y.S. Malik3, M. El-Harrak1 and O. Fassi-Fehri4
...l breeds of sheep might play an important role in the prevention of dissemination of PPR by virtue of its natural immunity. ...
Paul Oludare Adetunji* and Safiriyu Idowu Ola
...plumage colours (brown, black and barred) were divided into 2 replicates with 3 birds per replicate. The study lasted for 38 weeks (Feb.-Nov., 2019). Data were taken on the onset of puberty parameters (age at first sperm cell and puberty) from 16-22 weeks of age, semen quality parameters (semen volume, semen concentration, sperm output, sperm motility and sperm abnormalities) from 26-52 weeks of age and sexual ornaments&rsqu...
Pravin Mishra1, Md. Muket Mahmud2, Md. Ahosanul Haque Shahid2, Alamgir Hasan2, Vivek Kumar Yadav3 and Moinul Hasan1*
...tudied and further molecular detection confirms the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from the outer part of the wound but not from the inner part. The study helps and aware the veterinarians, health-workers, and general people regarding the situation of antibiotic resistance. As maggot helps in the reduction of bacteria, this can be used as medical therapy in the case of a different wound. ...
Imad Hassan1, Bilal-ur-Rehman2, Muhammad Amir2, Faheem Ali2*, Salman Ilahi2 and Amjad Ali3
...s through combustion is playing an important role in the production of heat and electricity worldwide. The emission of particulate matter pollution from biomass combustion has drawn significant attention because of its harmful effects on human health and environment. Consequently, it becomes important to have a simple and cost effective solution to avoid the problems of air pollution due to the combustion of biomass. Using a...
Amjad Ali1, Awais Salman1, Gul Daraz Khan1, Aftab Ahmad Khan2, Sher Shah Hassan2*, Muhammad Arif Goheer2, Mahmood Alam Khan3 and Sajjad Ahmed3
...d agriculture will take place under water-scarce conditions, at present and more so in the future. Inadequate water supply for irrigation will be the usual rather than the exception, and irrigation management will shift from emphasizing production per unit area towards maximizing the production per unit of water consumed. This field experiment was carried out to assess growth and yield responses of turnip to different deficit irrigation levels and sowing dates...
Rana Shahzad Noor1,2*, Fiaz Hussain2, Muhammad Umair2, Waqas Aslam2, Muhammad Ameen4, Muhammad Adnan Islam3 and Muhammad Sheraz2
...e effect of four soil tillage systems on main crop peanut and wheat + second crop peanut in order to evaluate crop yield, fuel consumption and to perform economic analysis. Two years study results showed that the main crop peanut yields changed between 4331.0 kg ha-1 and 5486.6 kg ha-1, while second crop peanut yields changed between 2670.6 kg ha-1 and 3388.8 kg ha-1. The highest yield for main crop and crop peanut under different till...
Salman Khan, Irfan Ullah*, Shahid Ali and Murtaza
... during 2018. A Cobb-Douglas type production function was used to approximate effect of determinants on potato yield. Major shares of the input cost per acre incurred in the study area were seed (Rs. 18720), followed by land rent (Rs.15890) and labors having an estimated cost of Rs. 14965 respectively. The analysis showed that on average per acre yield of potato was recorded as 4,953.35 kg...
Abdus Salam* and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
...mination of agricultural latest technologies to the farming communities and motivating them for its adoption can be achieved through better use of communication among relevant stakeholders. The existing extension and communication strategies used in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province have many limitations. The present study was thus conducted to compare and analyze the farmers’ perceptions regarding use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in agr...
Biomass Allometric Equations of Naturally Growing Cedrus deodara in Dry Temperate Forests Ecosystems
Abdul Raqeeb1,3, Syed Moazzam Nizami2,4*, Aamir Saleem3, Lubna Ansari3, Saeed Gulzar3, Basit Ali3, Masooma Saleem5
...se gas inventories under land use, land use change forestry (LULUCF). In this regard, empirical data of particular species for a specific forest ecosystem is of utmost importance. In the present study volume and biomass allometric of naturally growing Cedrus deodara tree in dry temperate regions of Himalaya has been developed from the empirical data coll...
Javed Iqbal1, Ali Zohaib1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Adnan Bashir1, Muhammad Hamza2, Wardah Muzaffer3, Muhammad Tahir Latif1 and Naeem Faisal1
...t for better yield and related components. Wheat varieties (Faisalabad-08, Punjab-11 and Galaxy-13) were sown on ridges using two different seed rates (125 and 150 kg ha-1). Increase in seed rate improved the emergence (plants per m2), number of productive tillers per m2 and grain yield (3-7%) of all wheat varieties although productive tillers per p
Ehsan-Ul-Haque1, Akbar Hayat1*, Muhammad Asim1, Sajjad Hussain2, Muhammad Shakeel Hanif3, Muhammad Zubair1, Muhammad Abdullah Jamil1 and Faheem Khadija1
...f mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Sodium bicarbonate and Potassium sorbate incorporated (6% w/v concentration) in wax were used to compare with commercially used fungicide (Thiabendazole). Study was conducted at 4±1 C° with 90±05% relative humidity f...
I. Erum, K. Nasira, H. Sagir, S. Raza and Firoza, K.
Description of Discolaimus miniodontii n.sp. and Laevides hunderansis n. sp. with notes on Discolaimoides spatilabium (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from District Ghizer, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
...species of the order Dorylaimida viz., Discolaimus miniodontii n. sp. and Laevides manilkarii n. sp.; and a new report of a known species Discolaimoides spatilabium from District Ghizer, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Discolaimus miniodontii n. sp., is characterized by having smallest odontostyle (9-10µm); re
A.N. Ashfaque1, F. Shahina1 and S. Dawar2
Diversity of nematode fauna associated with cotton fields of high temperature areas of Sindh, Pakistan
...y of nematode fauna in relation to their occurrence in high temperature cotton growing areas of Sindh by using Euclidean distance has been estimated. The fauna obtained in June2017 and June 2018 surveys of cotton fields of five Districts Sanghar, Mirpurkhas, Umerkot, Mitiari and Tando Allah Yar of Sindh where temperature in May to July raised up to 40ºC -50ºC.The data was subjected to construct the dendrogram for i...
M. Rufai1† , A. A.Wahab2 , Q. O. Adeshina1 , J. C. Umehokoh1 and O. O.Ologunro1
Occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes in Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria
...ricts of Osun State in relation to soil texture, vegetation, moisture and pH. A total of 110 soil samples were randomly collected from various cultivated fields in different locations. The soil samples were baited twice using last instar larvae of the Galleria mellonella (greater wax moth) for presence of entomopathogenic nematodes. Four EPN iso
U. A. Al-Karim, A. A. Alshimaysawe, A. E. Mohammed† , W. A. R. Aljaafri and F. A. Al-Fadhal
Evaluation of biological seed treatments for management of Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton
...ed the number of eggs isolated from cotton roots compared with the non-treated control. Abamectin also inhibited the number of vermiform life-stages found in the soil as compared to the nontreated control. Biological seed treatments produced no negative effects on plant growth. The use of different biological control agents as seed treatments can manage plant-parasitic nematodes and limit ...
A. S. M. El-Nuby1† , S. A. Montasser2 and I. A. El-Khadrawy
Control of root-knot nematodes using wild plants colonized Sinai, Egypt
...l activity of some wild plant extracts located in North and South Sinai, Egypt was examined against root-knot nematode (RKN). The selected seven plants viz., Artemisia judaica, A. monosperma, Bassia muricata, Cornulaca monacantha, Salsola kali and Zygophyllum album with different dilutions (25%, 50%, 75% &100%). The potent nematicidal efficacy observ...
H. Soofi†1 , N. A. Birmani1 , A. M. Dharejo1 , A. R. Abbasi2 , G. S. Ghachal1
Description of new nematode species Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona) sindhicus of genus Rhabdochona (Railliet, 1916) from Indus River Pakistan
... 18 pairs of caudal papillae, spicules shape curved and broad anteriorly and pointed posteriorly, female genital structures, shape of posterior end in male and female, eggs shape and boundary. Due to morphometric differences between present and previously described species of Rhabdochona the Rhabdochona sindhicus n. sp. proposed....
K. Abbasi 1 , R. Wick2† and D. Zafari1
Chitinase activity of biocontrol fungi cultured from the golden potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis
...and fifty-four fungal isolates were compared for their ability to degrade chitin by the N-acetylglucosamine-dinitrosalicylate method. Ten isolates with high chitinase activity were selected for further characterization. Of the 10 selected isolates, three chitinase enzymes were evaluated using three substrates. Based on the results of our chitinase assay,...
K. Osei1† , A. I. Adama1 , E. C. Tagoe2 and J. Sackey-Asante1
Biochar effect on nematodes and insects population density, soil improvement and yield of okra
...ly, degrade agricultural lands (Savci, 2012; Bhattacharyya et al., 2015). Biotic factors such as plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) and foliar insects have been implicated as major constraints to okra production (Asare-Bediako et al., 2014b). The attack of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) has been reported as the most serious, widespread and alarming which causes tremendous yield losses...
M. M. A Youssef and W. M. A. El-Nagdi †
Effect of some temperature changes on the population density of some plant parasitic nematode species
... 14°C)....
Sahib Khan1, Muneeza Wahid2, Muhammad Abeer Irfan1, Muhammad Naeem3, Asma Gul4, Muhammad Haseeb Zafar2
ROW LEVEL IMAGE FORGERY DETECTION TECHNIQUE USING EMBEDDED DIGITAL SIGNATURES
...ct different image manipulations. The results show that it can successfully detect one least significant bit alteration made in any pixel of digital image....
Gulzar Mehmood1*, M. Zahid Khan1, Haseeb Ur Rahman1, and Sohail Abbas2
AN EFFICIENT AND SECURE SESSION KEY ESTABLISHMENT SCHEME FOR HEALTH-CARE APPLICATIONS IN WIRELESS BODY AREA NETWORKS
...y of vital
sign related to human body. In the proposed scheme, session key is established for a specific period of time in order
to communicate important data related to vital signs of patients’ health securely. Hence, on the basis of this reliable
and secure data transmission, efficient required medical decision can be taken. As a result, on the spot health-care
operation can be performed b...
sign related to human body. In the proposed scheme, session key is established for a specific period of time in order
to communicate important data related to vital signs of patients’ health securely. Hence, on the basis of this reliable
and secure data transmission, efficient required medical decision can be taken. As a result, on the spot health-care
operation can be performed b...
Tajwali Khan1*, Ihtzaz Qamar1, Feroz Shah2, Kareem Akhtar2, Rehman Akhtar3
MODEL FOR FUEL DROPLET EVAPORATION IN COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF LIQUID PROPELLANT ROCKET ENGINES
... burning of liquid propellants droplets is very important to avoid combustion instability and to get higher
specific impulse from liquid rocket engines. Combustion takes place in gaseous phase and reaction is fast. So, the
time consumed by a droplet for complete burning is the time taken by a droplet to get evaporated. An analytical
mono component fuel droplet evaporation model is developed and proposed ...
specific impulse from liquid rocket engines. Combustion takes place in gaseous phase and reaction is fast. So, the
time consumed by a droplet for complete burning is the time taken by a droplet to get evaporated. An analytical
mono component fuel droplet evaporation model is developed and proposed ...
Sahibzada Abdur Rehman Abid1*, Muhammad Naeem2, Asma Gul3, Nasir Ahmad1
PASHTO OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION USING NEURAL NETWORK
...sting
of an input layer, a hidden layer and an output layer. The input layer is composed of 315 neurons, which receive the
pixels data i.e. binary data from a 21x15 symbol pixel matrix. The hidden layer contains 2000 neurons which has
been chosen after testing based on optimal result, while the out...
of an input layer, a hidden layer and an output layer. The input layer is composed of 315 neurons, which receive the
pixels data i.e. binary data from a 21x15 symbol pixel matrix. The hidden layer contains 2000 neurons which has
been chosen after testing based on optimal result, while the out...
Ahmad Hussain1*, Syed Murtuza Mehdi2, Amjad Ali3, Muhammad Adeel3, Mohammed Hassan Jabal4, Farid Nasir Ani4
INVESTIGATION THE TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CASTOR OIL WITH MINERAL OIL BLENDS
...nstant and perpetual availability, vegetable
oil based products can also have the potential for reducing carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon emission, when used in
such applications as lubricant in internal combustion engines and in industrial processes. In this paper, the impact
of mixing mineral oil at certain proportions with vegetable oil is discussed its use as commercial lubrication oil is
also outlined, The tribological attributes...
oil based products can also have the potential for reducing carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon emission, when used in
such applications as lubricant in internal combustion engines and in industrial processes. In this paper, the impact
of mixing mineral oil at certain proportions with vegetable oil is discussed its use as commercial lubrication oil is
also outlined, The tribological attributes...
Muhammad Alam Zeb Khan1*, Muhammad Ali Kamran1, Khan Muhammad2, Khizar Azam1
IDENTIFICATION OF THE OPTIMAL OPERATING PARAMETERS OF LOCALLY AVAILABLE COAL FOR USE IN PAKISTANI INDUSTRIES
...arameters of locally available coal from mines in
Darra Adam Khel is being reported. The coal samples were tested in a cyclone combustor using the pulverized coal
combustion technique. Effect of mesh size, primary and secondary air velocity at various air fuel ratios was investigated
to quantify the combustion performance by measuring the furnace temperature. Mesh size 200 was found to
be readily combustible within the operating ran...
Darra Adam Khel is being reported. The coal samples were tested in a cyclone combustor using the pulverized coal
combustion technique. Effect of mesh size, primary and secondary air velocity at various air fuel ratios was investigated
to quantify the combustion performance by measuring the furnace temperature. Mesh size 200 was found to
be readily combustible within the operating ran...
Muhammad Farooq1, Shahid Bashir1*, Irshad Ullah1, Muhammad Nadeem1
FREQUENCY AND POLARIZATION RECONFIGURABLE MICROSTRIP ANTENNA
...ual band frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna. The simple design
consists of two slots and two feeds. In one slot there is a switch. The two feeds are positioned on the right and left
diagonal of microstrip antenna. When the switch is ON the electrical size of antenna becomes small and it resonates
at higher UMTS 2100 MHz band with circular pola...
consists of two slots and two feeds. In one slot there is a switch. The two feeds are positioned on the right and left
diagonal of microstrip antenna. When the switch is ON the electrical size of antenna becomes small and it resonates
at higher UMTS 2100 MHz band with circular pola...
Muhammad Ismail1, Shahid Maqsood1*, Abdul Shakoor2, Feroz Shah2
DESIGN AND COST ANALYSIS OF MOLD MAKING FACILTY AT GHANI GLASS INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY
...ion in the global marketplace. Selecting the right manufacturing strategy and planning is a critical decision
for production managers in the industry. The layout problems generally exist in the manufacturing industries. In the
industries the layout problems deals with the facilities like departments, machines etc. As a case study, this pape...
for production managers in the industry. The layout problems generally exist in the manufacturing industries. In the
industries the layout problems deals with the facilities like departments, machines etc. As a case study, this pape...
Muhammad Amjad*1, Abdur Rafai1, Saeed Badshah1, Rafi Ullah Khan1, Sajjad Ahmad1
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE REAL LIFE LOADINGS ON THE TI-27NB HIP BONE IMPLANT
...-27Nb hip bone
implant by using FEA. The model of the implant was generated using CREO PARAMETRIC software. Two weight
categories 75Kg and 100 Kg with four different daily life activities stand up, sit down, knee bend and walking were
considered in this study. The FEA analysis was performed using commercial FEA software ANSYS. The implant model
was meshed using ...
implant by using FEA. The model of the implant was generated using CREO PARAMETRIC software. Two weight
categories 75Kg and 100 Kg with four different daily life activities stand up, sit down, knee bend and walking were
considered in this study. The FEA analysis was performed using commercial FEA software ANSYS. The implant model
was meshed using ...
Muhammad Nafees Khan1, Iftikhar Hussain2, Muhammad Tahir3, Misbah Ullah2, Shehzad Ali Jamshed4
THE EFFECTS OF TANGIBLE AND INTANGIBLE ASPECTS ON EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE
...ntangible aspects were related and both having positive effects on the employee performance.
A number of recommendations are given regarding implementing these tangible and intangible factors for
manufacturing concerns in Pakistan. ...
A number of recommendations are given regarding implementing these tangible and intangible factors for
manufacturing concerns in Pakistan. ...
Naveed ul Hasan Syed*1, Qurat-ul-Ain1, Muddasar Habib1, Naseer Ahmed Khan1, Sultan Ali1
A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF PROCESS VARIABLES ON THE OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT IN A SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
...r flow
rates. Similarly, the increase in hot water inlet temperature, improved heat transfer rate. It was observed that the
increase in the U by increasing the cold water flow rate was significantly higher than with increasing the hot water
flow rate. Under similar process conditions, at 36 oC hot water inlet temperature, the U increased from 709.96 to
1045.50 W/(m2.oC) with the increasing cold wa...
rates. Similarly, the increase in hot water inlet temperature, improved heat transfer rate. It was observed that the
increase in the U by increasing the cold water flow rate was significantly higher than with increasing the hot water
flow rate. Under similar process conditions, at 36 oC hot water inlet temperature, the U increased from 709.96 to
1045.50 W/(m2.oC) with the increasing cold wa...
Feroz Shah1, Mohammad A. Irfan1, Kareem Akhtar1, Abdul Shakoor1, Naeem Khan2
EFFECT OF POROSITY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF DIE CAST ALUMINUM ENGINE BLOCK
...inum alloy engine block plays a major role in determining the
mechanical properties. An experimental study was carried out to investigate porosity in samples taken from different
locations of the engine block, i.e. thick and thin sections. The samples were extracted from thick and thin sections of
the engine block, having section thicknesses of 20 mm and 5 mm, respectively. Mechanical testing of these samples
was carried out to show...
mechanical properties. An experimental study was carried out to investigate porosity in samples taken from different
locations of the engine block, i.e. thick and thin sections. The samples were extracted from thick and thin sections of
the engine block, having section thicknesses of 20 mm and 5 mm, respectively. Mechanical testing of these samples
was carried out to show...
Kifayat Ullah*1, Tahir Mahmood2, Naeem Jan3, Zeeshan Ali4
A NOTE ON GEOMETRIC AGGREGATION OPERATORS IN T-SPHERICAL FUZZY ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN MULTI-ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING
...l fuzzy environment and elaborated with
a numerical example. The results obtained are analyzed and their advantages over existing structures are studied....
a numerical example. The results obtained are analyzed and their advantages over existing structures are studied....
Rashid Nawaz*1, Iftikhar Hussain1, Sikandar Bilal Khattak1
KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS IDENTIFICATION AND PRIORITIZATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN THE CEMENT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN USING ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS
...enting
24 cement plants were analyzed using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The proposed KPIs are supposed to
assist the decision makers in achieving environmental sustainability. Among the 11 KPIs identified, the KPI “Total
amount of Emissions in Metric tons of CO2 equivalent per year” was identified as having the highest impact on
environmental sustainability....
24 cement plants were analyzed using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The proposed KPIs are supposed to
assist the decision makers in achieving environmental sustainability. Among the 11 KPIs identified, the KPI “Total
amount of Emissions in Metric tons of CO2 equivalent per year” was identified as having the highest impact on
environmental sustainability....
Mujahid Khan1*, Mohammad Tufail2, Muhammad Fahad1, Hazi Muhammad Azmathullah3, Muhammad Sagheer Aslam1, Fayaz Ahmad Khan4, Asif Khan5
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BRIDGE PIER SCOUR PATTERN
...br />
and its extent in lateral direction for circular and square pier models. For this purpose a number of experiments
were conducted in the physical modeling laboratory of River Engineering and drainage control, USM, Malaysia.
The study shows that the pier scour depth and affected area around pier increase with the increase in pier size....
were conducted in the physical modeling laboratory of River Engineering and drainage control, USM, Malaysia.
The study shows that the pier scour depth and affected area around pier increase with the increase in pier size....
Zeeshan Al Hameed1, Junaid Saleem2*, Syed Sajid Hussain1, Ahsan Abdul Ghani2, Hira Lal2
STUDY OF INDIGENOUS FLUORSPAR AS METALLURGICAL FLUX
...tallurgical flux, a key slag fluidizer in steel industry as it increases the fluidity of slag in the ladle furnace.
However, it needs to undergo beneficiation process to get it concentrated before being added into the furnace. In this
study, we report, for the first time in Pakistan, that the indigenous Fluorspar can directly be used as a metallurgical
flux without any...
However, it needs to undergo beneficiation process to get it concentrated before being added into the furnace. In this
study, we report, for the first time in Pakistan, that the indigenous Fluorspar can directly be used as a metallurgical
flux without any...
Zulfiqar Ali Soomro1*
NOISE CONTROL FILTRATION OF LATERAL AND YAW DYNAMICS FOR RAILWAY VEHICLE WHEELSET ON TRACK
...and velocity of train in lateral and yaw phases are enumerated.
Here dual bucy kalman estimator is implemented to decrease the influence of the noise caused due improper ratio
of adhesion level upon track. One estimator reduces the overshoot of noise and other to minimize it at lower level
of level of error. Further the behavior of lateral and yaw dynamic analysis is observed by implementation of fuzzy
Here dual bucy kalman estimator is implemented to decrease the influence of the noise caused due improper ratio
of adhesion level upon track. One estimator reduces the overshoot of noise and other to minimize it at lower level
of level of error. Further the behavior of lateral and yaw dynamic analysis is observed by implementation of fuzzy
Younis Jamal1, Asad Naeem Shah1, Wasif Amin Butt1, Ahmad Naveed1*, Muhammad Usman1
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF FUEL INJECTION PARAMETERS ON DIESEL ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS
...sions and performance, relative to those of narrower cone
angles. The 150° nozzles with 1.5 mm tip penetration give abated carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and
smoke emissions along with better performance characteristics such as brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and
brake power (BP), while exhibit slightly higher oxides of nitrogen (NOx) relative to other combinations. Moreover,
th...
angles. The 150° nozzles with 1.5 mm tip penetration give abated carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and
smoke emissions along with better performance characteristics such as brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and
brake power (BP), while exhibit slightly higher oxides of nitrogen (NOx) relative to other combinations. Moreover,
th...
Daulat Khan1*, Khizar Azam2, Noor Muhammad Khan1, Muhammad Israr1, Naeem Ejaz3
ASSESSMENT OF WASTEWATER FOR DISPOSAL IN ACCORDANCE WITH NEQS CRITERIA AND ITS REUSE FOR IRRIGATION WITH DILUTION
...rations respectively, violating the standards. A dilution
factor of 1.09 litters is computed per liter of sewage to minimize, the concentrations of exceeded parameters by
mixing with normal water, into a range that can be used safely for irrigation....
factor of 1.09 litters is computed per liter of sewage to minimize, the concentrations of exceeded parameters by
mixing with normal water, into a range that can be used safely for irrigation....
Samreen Fatima1*, Mudassir Uddin1
COMPARISON OF ASYMMETRIC GARCH MODELS WITH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR STOCK MARKETS PREDICTION, A CASE STUDY
... are also involving in bilateral trading. We used closing indices of daily share
price for the period of 1st January, 2010 to 15th January 2016. This study compares the forecasting performance
and also investigates more volatile stock markets using Asymmetric GARCH (A-GARCH) models and non-parametric
method (Artificial Neural Networks). In the A-GARCH; EGARCH and PGARCH models are used. Firstly, suitable...
price for the period of 1st January, 2010 to 15th January 2016. This study compares the forecasting performance
and also investigates more volatile stock markets using Asymmetric GARCH (A-GARCH) models and non-parametric
method (Artificial Neural Networks). In the A-GARCH; EGARCH and PGARCH models are used. Firstly, suitable...
Shafiullah1*, Mohammad Nafees2
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT BY COAGULATION/ FLOCCULATION PROCESSES VIA OPTIMIZATION OF INOCULATION DOSE AND SETTLING TIME
...limits. A series of coagulation/flocculation treatments were given by applying different doses of ferric chloride in
combination of calcium hydroxide. Effective removals of pollutants were obtained by using ferric chloride and calcium
hydroxide in ratio of 2:0.5 mL for settling time of 13 minutes. As treatment results, not only removed suspended
solids (86%) but a tremendous decrease was observed in colo...
combination of calcium hydroxide. Effective removals of pollutants were obtained by using ferric chloride and calcium
hydroxide in ratio of 2:0.5 mL for settling time of 13 minutes. As treatment results, not only removed suspended
solids (86%) but a tremendous decrease was observed in colo...
M. Ihsan Ul Haq1, Ahmad Hussain2*, Farzana Yasmeen3, Shafiq R. Qureshi4
LIFE CYCLE COSTING AND PAYBACK PERIOD EVALUATION OF A SOLAR THERMAL DESALINATION SYSTEM
...y by
2025.Non availability of safe drinkable water is the major source of diseases in the different regions of the world
especially remote rural and coastal areas. About 97% of water on earth is comprised of seawater. Desalination of
saline water is a prominent approach to handle the problem of water scarcity. Conventional desalination technologies
cause economic and environmental problems due to their dependency upon fossil fuels. ...
2025.Non availability of safe drinkable water is the major source of diseases in the different regions of the world
especially remote rural and coastal areas. About 97% of water on earth is comprised of seawater. Desalination of
saline water is a prominent approach to handle the problem of water scarcity. Conventional desalination technologies
cause economic and environmental problems due to their dependency upon fossil fuels. ...
Naseem Ahmad1, Sahar Noor1, Rehman Akhtar1*, Misbah Ullah1, Khizar Azam2
PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF COMPRESSOR TO RECOVER FLARE GAS USING DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT TECHNIQUES
...techniques to recuperate large
quantity of flare gas with the help of a new proposed plant process. Some factors responsible for disturbing routine
of compressor are categorized and pertinent information is togethered from various resources. The information is
thoroughly studied to enhance factors performance and the factors were set up according to the modified compre...
quantity of flare gas with the help of a new proposed plant process. Some factors responsible for disturbing routine
of compressor are categorized and pertinent information is togethered from various resources. The information is
thoroughly studied to enhance factors performance and the factors were set up according to the modified compre...
Rafiullah Khan1, Sakhi Jan1*, Muhammad Amjad1, Saeed Badshah1, Sajjad Ahmad1
CRACK CLOSURE AND FIBRE BRIDGING CONTRIBUTION IN THE STRESS-RATIO EFFECT ON DELAMINATION GROWTH UNDER FATIGUE
...io influence in mode I delamination growth in carbon/epoxy composite laminates. The crack closure effect
has been assessed by the identification of the non-linearity in the compliance curve of the double cantilever test
specimen after the delamination extension. The effect of fibre bridging was investigated by cutting the bridging fibres
during fatigue de
has been assessed by the identification of the non-linearity in the compliance curve of the double cantilever test
specimen after the delamination extension. The effect of fibre bridging was investigated by cutting the bridging fibres
during fatigue de
Muhammad Aamir1*, Riaz Muhammad1, Naseer Ahmed1, Muhammad Sadiq2, Muhammad Waqas3, Izhar1
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LEAD FREE SOLDER ALLOY FOR GREEN ELECTRONICS UNDER HIGH STRAIN RATE AND THERMAL AGING
...n.
Mathematical relations are also developed to predict these properties at various levels of aging temperature and strain
rate. A power law relationship exists between strain rate and mechanical properties while a reciprocal relationship
is obtained between aging temperature and mechanical properties. ...
Mathematical relations are also developed to predict these properties at various levels of aging temperature and strain
rate. A power law relationship exists between strain rate and mechanical properties while a reciprocal relationship
is obtained between aging temperature and mechanical properties. ...
Muhammad Shahzad Khattak*1, Barkatullah1, Ayesha Aziz1, Jamil Ahmad2, Mohammad Sharif3, Mukand Singh Babel4, Muhammad Fahad5
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CROP WATER REQUIREMENT UNDER MULTI - REPRESENTATIVE CONCENTRATION PATHWAYS DURING MID-CENTURY: A CASE STUDY OF D. I. KHAN
.../>
future. The ETo calculator of Food and Agriculture Organization was used to calculate evapotranspiration. The CWR
of wheat and maize crops was computed using CROPWAT 8.0. Results showed that out of sixteen GCMs, only four
models i.e., bcc_csm1_1_m, gfdl_cm3, miroc5 and noresm1_m, were considered suitable for simulating the present
day climate for the study area. Th...
of wheat and maize crops was computed using CROPWAT 8.0. Results showed that out of sixteen GCMs, only four
models i.e., bcc_csm1_1_m, gfdl_cm3, miroc5 and noresm1_m, were considered suitable for simulating the present
day climate for the study area. Th...
Muhammad Naeem1*, Sahib Khan2, Nasir Ahmad3
A DISTRIBUTED GENETIC ALGORITM AND A-PRIORI ALGORITHM FOR THE HUB AND FACILITY LOCATION PROBLEMS
...GA)
to solve two classical NP-hard location problems namely the Un-capacitated Single Allocation Problem (USAHLP)
and Un-capacitated Facility Location Problem (UFLP). A distributed model of the proposed algorithm has been
implemented. The performance of the algorithm has been evaluated with standard benchmark problems for USAHLP
and UFLP. Results have been found encouraging....
to solve two classical NP-hard location problems namely the Un-capacitated Single Allocation Problem (USAHLP)
and Un-capacitated Facility Location Problem (UFLP). A distributed model of the proposed algorithm has been
implemented. The performance of the algorithm has been evaluated with standard benchmark problems for USAHLP
and UFLP. Results have been found encouraging....
Razaullah1*, Iftikhar Hussain1
A TWO-WAREHOUSE SUPPLY CHAIN NETWORK DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION WITH CROSS-ROUTE COSTS AND BUDGET, MAXIMUM FLOW AND CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS
...n order to allow better planning, minimize total cost and improve efficiency. In this paper, a systematic
approach is presented for the facility placement, optimal production planning and product transportation across
network arcs. An optimization formulation is developed for the determination of production size, locations of network
...
approach is presented for the facility placement, optimal production planning and product transportation across
network arcs. An optimization formulation is developed for the determination of production size, locations of network
...
Nabeel Maqsood1,2*, Afzal Khan1, Muhammad Khalid Alamgir2, Shaukat Ali Shah1, Muhammad Fahad3
PTFE THIN FILM COATING ON 316L STAINLESS STEEL FOR CORROSION PROTECTION IN ACIDIC ENVIRONMENT
...st and potentiodynamic polarization curves at room
temperature and compared. The morphology of uncoated and coated substrates were examined by scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) while the compositional analysis performed through energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX).
The morphology of the coated and uncoated substrates were also studied before and after electrochemical corrosion
test and then compared. The thickness of the coat...
temperature and compared. The morphology of uncoated and coated substrates were examined by scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) while the compositional analysis performed through energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX).
The morphology of the coated and uncoated substrates were also studied before and after electrochemical corrosion
test and then compared. The thickness of the coat...
Misbah Ullah1, Rehman Akhtar1, Sikandar Bilal Khattak1, Khawar Naeem1 and Khizar Azam2
FACTORS IDENTIFICATION FOR COAL BRIQUETTES MANUFACTURING USING STATISTICAL EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN APPROACH
...
design in particular is vital in identifying these significant factors in comparison to the conventional techniques. This
paper provides a statistical approach towards manufacturing of coal briquettes in Northern Province of Pakistan.
Binder composition, pressure, particle size, and coal type are analyzed for higher calorific value and compressive
strength simultaneously. Experiments are conducted in order to obtain the response of...
design in particular is vital in identifying these significant factors in comparison to the conventional techniques. This
paper provides a statistical approach towards manufacturing of coal briquettes in Northern Province of Pakistan.
Binder composition, pressure, particle size, and coal type are analyzed for higher calorific value and compressive
strength simultaneously. Experiments are conducted in order to obtain the response of...
Bibi Safia Haq1,2, Hidayat Ullah Khan3, Abdul Shakoor4, Shahnaz Attaullah5, Kausar Shaheen1, Khan Alam3
TWO-PHOTON FLUORESCENCE EXCITATION CROSS-SECTIONS OF PHOTOSENSITIZER THIOXANTHONE TO FABRICATE CELL SCAFFOLD FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
...e cell scaffold in Ethoxylated Bis Phenol A
Dimethacrylate for tissue repair in the field of biomedical. Also Incident Laser Power Effects were analyzed and
found that the Fluorescence Intensity increases with increasing Incident Laser Power, Io, and the emitted fluorescence
obeys the square-law dependences. Also when the Photo-Sensitizer was excited at different wavel...
Dimethacrylate for tissue repair in the field of biomedical. Also Incident Laser Power Effects were analyzed and
found that the Fluorescence Intensity increases with increasing Incident Laser Power, Io, and the emitted fluorescence
obeys the square-law dependences. Also when the Photo-Sensitizer was excited at different wavel...
Waqas, A. Imtiaz1, Yousaf Khan1, Syed Waqar Shah2
COST VERSUS RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF NEW TREE-BASED HYBRID PROTECTION ARCHITECTURE FOR OPTICAL CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS SYSTEM
...(5 nines) connection availability along with minimum cost as compared to existing
tree based protection architectures. ...
tree based protection architectures. ...
Rafiullah Khan1, Waseem ur Rahman1, Misbah Ullah2, Kamran Afaq3, Muhammad Amjad1, Sakhi jan1
AGE EFFECT ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIP JOINT BONE: AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
...osed of bonesalt
plates as matrix binder and soft collagen as reinforcing fibers. As bone supports all the organs of a body so its
mechanical behavior is of prime importance. The mechanical properties of bone varies with age. In this paper, the
effect of age on various mechanical properties of hip joint bone was investigated experimentally. For this purpose
hip joint bone specimens of male bovine ...
plates as matrix binder and soft collagen as reinforcing fibers. As bone supports all the organs of a body so its
mechanical behavior is of prime importance. The mechanical properties of bone varies with age. In this paper, the
effect of age on various mechanical properties of hip joint bone was investigated experimentally. For this purpose
hip joint bone specimens of male bovine ...
Kulsoom Iftikhar1, Shahzad Anwar1, Izhar Ul Haq1, Muhammad Tahir Khan1 and Sayed Riaz Akbar1
AN OPTIMAL NEURAL NETWORK BASED CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUE FOR BREAST CANCER DETECTION
...y presents an efficient classification method
for benign and malignant breast cancer. The proposed method employs an optimal feature classification employing
artificial neural network. The proposed architecture has five input nodes, two hidden layers with eight neurons each
and one output node. Five features (cluster thickness, uniformity of {cell size, cell shape}, ma...
for benign and malignant breast cancer. The proposed method employs an optimal feature classification employing
artificial neural network. The proposed architecture has five input nodes, two hidden layers with eight neurons each
and one output node. Five features (cluster thickness, uniformity of {cell size, cell shape}, ma...
Bibi Safia Haq1,2, Shahnaz Attaullah3, Abdul Shakoor4, Hidayat Ullah Khan5, Khan Alam5, Kausar Shaheen1
CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFICACY OF ULTRAFAST LASER PULSES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
...l scaffolds, femtosecond laser irradiation at 800nm was used for
biomedical applications. The femtosecond laser system was also used to fabricate a bricks and mortar structure in
keratin films to investigate skin structures for different cream absorption. The laser characterised here is Spectra
Physics, Hurricane X. This is a complex la<...
biomedical applications. The femtosecond laser system was also used to fabricate a bricks and mortar structure in
keratin films to investigate skin structures for different cream absorption. The laser characterised here is Spectra
Physics, Hurricane X. This is a complex la<...
Misbah Ullah1, Rehman Akhtar1, Sikandar Bilal Khattak1, Khawar Naeem1
CYCLE TIME OPTIMIZATION FOR IMPERFECT MANUFACTURING SETUP FOCUSING WORK-IN-PROCESS INVENTORY
...or optimum lot size calculation based on
average cost minimization. However, cycle time optimization has been ignored relatively when processes are imperfect
and inspection as a process is considered. Furthermore, the role of work-in-process inventory with respect to cycle
time has always been significant. Hence, this paper integrates work-in-process inventory and imperfect production
setup in ord...
average cost minimization. However, cycle time optimization has been ignored relatively when processes are imperfect
and inspection as a process is considered. Furthermore, the role of work-in-process inventory with respect to cycle
time has always been significant. Hence, this paper integrates work-in-process inventory and imperfect production
setup in ord...
Muhammad Kaleem Sarwar1, Zulfiqar Ali Chaudary2, M.Tousif Bhatti3, Daulat Khan
EVALUATION OF AIR VENTS AND RAMP ANGLES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ORIFICE SPILLWAY AERATORS
...tation Nandipur, Gujranwala. In each case,
the cavity length, cavity pressure, flow velocity and water depth at the aerator were measured by changing operating
conditions. Non-dimensional jet length (λ), air entrainment co-efficient (β) and non-dimensional cavity pressure (Pn)
were computed to evaluate the performance of the aerator against ramp angle and air vent size. Results noted an
...
the cavity length, cavity pressure, flow velocity and water depth at the aerator were measured by changing operating
conditions. Non-dimensional jet length (λ), air entrainment co-efficient (β) and non-dimensional cavity pressure (Pn)
were computed to evaluate the performance of the aerator against ramp angle and air vent size. Results noted an
...
Aqeel Nawaz1, Muhammad Ali Kamran1
PARAMETRIC SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF CONVEX STAR PORT PROPELLANT GRAIN FOR SOLID ROCKET MOTOR
...esign takes the central place in a solid rocket motor design activity. Ballistic quality of a designed grain
can be evaluated by two vital indexes known as neutrality and sliver content. Sliver content results in tail-off of
the thrust-time curve. These two measures of merit are an important part of acceptable grain design. This paper is
restricted to the study of convex port star grain geometry and describes parametric evaluation to asses...
can be evaluated by two vital indexes known as neutrality and sliver content. Sliver content results in tail-off of
the thrust-time curve. These two measures of merit are an important part of acceptable grain design. This paper is
restricted to the study of convex port star grain geometry and describes parametric evaluation to asses...
Khuram Rashid1, Saroosh Danish2, Muhammad Akram Tahir3
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON UTILIZATION OF WASTE RUBBER TIRES AS FILLER IN CONCRETE
... problem and their accumulation create health and fire hazards. To incorporate waste rubber tires in
construction industry is considered as a sustainable and environment friendly solution. Experiments were designed
by incorporating coarse and fine rubber content as partial substitution of conventional aggregates. Seven mixtures
were proportioned; one mixture with conventional aggregates was the control specimen, three mixtures were casted<...
construction industry is considered as a sustainable and environment friendly solution. Experiments were designed
by incorporating coarse and fine rubber content as partial substitution of conventional aggregates. Seven mixtures
were proportioned; one mixture with conventional aggregates was the control specimen, three mixtures were casted<...
Ghani Akbar1, Muhammad Munir Ahmad1, Abdul Ghafoor1, Matiullah Khan1, Zafar Islam1
IRRIGATION EFFICIENCIES POTENTIAL UNDER SURFACE IRRIGATED FARMS IN PAKISTAN
...lt;furrow bed (68%). Simulation modelling indicated that there is further potential to increase average PAE
up-to 94%, 87% and 96% for level basin, border and furrow bed irrigated fields respectively, by optimising field
length and width. The analysis demonstrated increased understanding of the interactions of field sizes and irrigation
efficiencies, which may support irrigators’ decision making for enhancing irrigation performance a...
up-to 94%, 87% and 96% for level basin, border and furrow bed irrigated fields respectively, by optimising field
length and width. The analysis demonstrated increased understanding of the interactions of field sizes and irrigation
efficiencies, which may support irrigators’ decision making for enhancing irrigation performance a...
Tehmina Amjad1, Ishfaq Ahmad1, Muhammad Akram Shaikh2, Nabila Naz1
VARIATION IN CITATION BASED FRACTIONAL COUNTING OF AUTHORSHIP
...r />
deviation for calculation of variation in received citations because it is sensitive for both skewed and un-skewed
data. We have used real world data for validation purpose and have used fractional h- and g-index as our baseline
indexing methods. We compared the results of our proposed method with baseline methods and have analyzed that
our intuition has clear impact on the authors indexing. Author on higher index in fractional index...
data. We have used real world data for validation purpose and have used fractional h- and g-index as our baseline
indexing methods. We compared the results of our proposed method with baseline methods and have analyzed that
our intuition has clear impact on the authors indexing. Author on higher index in fractional index...
Nazish Huma Khan1, Mohammad Nafees1, Adila Bashir1, Farooq Ahmad1
STUDY OF POLLUTION LAOD IN PAPER MILL EFFLUENTS AND ITS RECYCLING BY SUNDRY PLANTS AT HAYATABAD INDUSTRIAL ESTATE, PESHAWAR
...via recycling of sundry plants. For this
purpose a detail study was conducted at paper mills and sundry plants at Hayatabad Industrial Estate. The plants
were examined for operation and sampled for waste water. Total 7 waste water samples were collected from selected
points of Paper mills, Industrial drain and Sundry plants. Samples ...
purpose a detail study was conducted at paper mills and sundry plants at Hayatabad Industrial Estate. The plants
were examined for operation and sampled for waste water. Total 7 waste water samples were collected from selected
points of Paper mills, Industrial drain and Sundry plants. Samples ...
Shabana Rafique1, Shahnaz Parveen Khattak1, Tanveer Hussain2, Faiza Tauqeer1, Bashir Ahmad3
EVALUATION OF FLEXURAL RIGIDITY AND ABRASION RESISTANCE OF POST AND META-FINISHED PIGMENT DYED P/C FABRICS
...>
U-V absorber and Pekoflam OP flame retardant (organic phosphorous compound) on fabric stiffness was found to be
advantageous, providing it a soft texture. The post-application of fluorine based liquid water repellent finish (NUVAFD)
at high concentration well resisted the abrasion rubs. The optimized formulation, 50g/L of polyurethane had
improved the abrasion resis...
advantageous, providing it a soft texture. The post-application of fluorine based liquid water repellent finish (NUVAFD)
at high concentration well resisted the abrasion rubs. The optimized formulation, 50g/L of polyurethane had
improved the abrasion resis...
Muneeb Abrar1, Shabbir Majeed Chaudhry2
DESIGN OF A LOW NOISE, LOW POWER AND SPURIOUS FREE PHASE FREQUENCY DETECTOR AND CHARGE PUMP FOR PHASE-LOCKED LOOPS
...set path to reduce the delay. The output is passed through a buffer to suppress the
distortion and to reduce the overall output noise. Phase noise has been reduced to -156 (dBc/Hz) at 1 MHz offset
frequency. A simple current mirror based charge pump circuit is presented next. The charge pump design incorporates
the use of transmission gates and transistors as capacitors to reduce switching error and clock feed through. The
proposed ...
distortion and to reduce the overall output noise. Phase noise has been reduced to -156 (dBc/Hz) at 1 MHz offset
frequency. A simple current mirror based charge pump circuit is presented next. The charge pump design incorporates
the use of transmission gates and transistors as capacitors to reduce switching error and clock feed through. The
proposed ...
Farid Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Iqbal1
DEVELOPMENT OF A TESTING RIG FOR VIBRATION AND WIND BASED ENERGY HARVESTERS
..., due to their fixed displacement, single frequency and sinusoidal behavior, usage of
these shakers is limited. The less known electro-hydraulic shakers are more robust, but due to their high forces and
high velocities, these are usually utilized to characterize heavy samples. Electromagnetic shakers are the most reliable
and accurate and are increasingly used for accelerometers calibration and aerospace applications. Unlike mechanical
these shakers is limited. The less known electro-hydraulic shakers are more robust, but due to their high forces and
high velocities, these are usually utilized to characterize heavy samples. Electromagnetic shakers are the most reliable
and accurate and are increasingly used for accelerometers calibration and aerospace applications. Unlike mechanical
Muhammad Masood Tahir1, Ayyaz Hussain2, Saeed Badshah3, Qaisar Javaid2
RULE-BASED IDENTIFICATION OF BEARING FAULTS USING CENTRAL TENDENCY OF TIME DOMAIN FEATURES
...raining of conventional classifier. A test rig is used to acquire vibration data from bearings
having localized faults, and various TDFs are extracted. It is worth mentioning that fluctuations in random vibration
signals may alter the feature values. Therefore, each of the TDFs is processed statistically to approximate its reliable
central values (CVs) against the respective faults. In this way, every feature provides a set of CVs, which a...
having localized faults, and various TDFs are extracted. It is worth mentioning that fluctuations in random vibration
signals may alter the feature values. Therefore, each of the TDFs is processed statistically to approximate its reliable
central values (CVs) against the respective faults. In this way, every feature provides a set of CVs, which a...
Salman Saeed*, Akhtar Naeem Khan**, Rashid Rehan*, Sikandar Hayat Sajid**, Muhammad Sagheer Aslam*, Khan Shahzada**
COST AND PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION OF PRECAST POST TENSIONED PRE-STRESSED GIRDER BRIDGE SUPERSTRUCTURES
...ers with cast
in place concrete decks are widely used for short to medium span bridges. The design and subsequent cost of a
bridge depends on key geometric variables such as bridge width, number of lanes, number and length of spans,
slab thickness, number and spacing of girders. Some of these variables are dictated by traffic demands and highway
geometry, while ...
in place concrete decks are widely used for short to medium span bridges. The design and subsequent cost of a
bridge depends on key geometric variables such as bridge width, number of lanes, number and length of spans,
slab thickness, number and spacing of girders. Some of these variables are dictated by traffic demands and highway
geometry, while ...
Faisal Shabbir*, Naeem Ejaz*, Daulat Khan**, Naveed Ahmad*, Jawad Hussain*, Muhammad Fiaz Tahir*
INVESTIGATION OF USING PAPER INDUSTRY WASTE (HYPO SLUDGE) IN CONCRETE MIX
...te industry is consuming large amount of natural resources
(gravel, sand, fine rock, water etc). In order to address such environmental issues related to cement manufacturing
there is dire need of replacing cement with other binders to be used in concrete. This study investigates the utilization of waste paper sludge ash (WPSA) in concrete. WPSA was partly rep
(gravel, sand, fine rock, water etc). In order to address such environmental issues related to cement manufacturing
there is dire need of replacing cement with other binders to be used in concrete. This study investigates the utilization of waste paper sludge ash (WPSA) in concrete. WPSA was partly rep
Rahim Haider*, Al Mustaan Kakar*, Sikandar Bilal Khattak*, Safi ur Rahman**, Shahid Maqsood*, Misbah Ullah*, Rehman Akhtar*, Aamir Sikandar*
DEVELOPMENT OF OPTIMIZED MAINTENANCE SYSTEM FOR VEHICLE FLEET
...ustry. Fleet management plays a substantial
role in an organization’s growth. Maintenance of vehicle fleet is critical in terms of cost, availability and customer
satisfaction. The major cause for delays is inefficient and ineffective maintenance procedures. To avoid major market
losses, an efficient maintenance model is required. This research proposed a mainten...
role in an organization’s growth. Maintenance of vehicle fleet is critical in terms of cost, availability and customer
satisfaction. The major cause for delays is inefficient and ineffective maintenance procedures. To avoid major market
losses, an efficient maintenance model is required. This research proposed a mainten...
Asif Ali Khan*, Laiq Hassan*, Salim Ullah*
OPEN MP-BASED PARALLEL AND SCALABLE GENETIC SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT
...ind
important similarities and dissimilarities in them. Multiple heuristics and dynamic programming based approaches
are available for sequence alignment. Smith-Waterman (SW), an exact algorithm for local alignment, is the most
accurate of them all. However, the space and time complexity of the SW algorithm is quadratic. It is imperative to
use parallelism and d...
important similarities and dissimilarities in them. Multiple heuristics and dynamic programming based approaches
are available for sequence alignment. Smith-Waterman (SW), an exact algorithm for local alignment, is the most
accurate of them all. However, the space and time complexity of the SW algorithm is quadratic. It is imperative to
use parallelism and d...
Farid Ullah Khan*, Tashfeen Ali*, Khubroo Jamil*
DEVELOPMENT OF A LOW VOLTAGE AC TO DC CONVERTER FOR MESO AND MICRO ENERGY HARVESTERS
...AC voltage levels into relatively high DC
voltage DC, a three stage Cockcroft Walton converter is developed. The paper presents fabrication and characterization
of a 3 stage Low Voltage Cockcroft-Walton converter in an area of 5.5 x 3.3 cm2. The converter was capable
of converting a minimum AC voltage amplitude of 10 mV with a transformation factor of 6.5. The variation in the
input frequency had almost no effect on the DC output vo...
voltage DC, a three stage Cockcroft Walton converter is developed. The paper presents fabrication and characterization
of a 3 stage Low Voltage Cockcroft-Walton converter in an area of 5.5 x 3.3 cm2. The converter was capable
of converting a minimum AC voltage amplitude of 10 mV with a transformation factor of 6.5. The variation in the
input frequency had almost no effect on the DC output vo...
Anwar Ullah*, Sabir Islam*, Sikandar Bilal Khattak*, Safi Ur Rahman**, Shahid Maqsood*, Misbah Ullah*, Rehman Akhtar*, Rashid Nawaz*
MAINTENANCE SYSTEM FOR HEAVY EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
...s
or any mining related initiations are part of these infrastructure development projects. Usually the delays are due to
the inefficient and ineffective maintenance procedures of the heavy earth moving equipment’s. Poor record keeping
and un-systemized maintenance procedures leads to reducing the machine effective life cycle. To avoid catastrophic
losses in production and, market share, a ma...
or any mining related initiations are part of these infrastructure development projects. Usually the delays are due to
the inefficient and ineffective maintenance procedures of the heavy earth moving equipment’s. Poor record keeping
and un-systemized maintenance procedures leads to reducing the machine effective life cycle. To avoid catastrophic
losses in production and, market share, a ma...
Farid Ullah Khan*, Adeel Ahmed*, Uzair Khan Jadoon*, Fahim Haider*
MODELING, SIMULATION AND FABRICATION OF AN UNDERSHOT FLOATING WATERWHEEL
...r presents modeling, simulation and fabrication of an undershot floating waterwheel for power generation
for run-of-the-river applications. For the undershot floating waterwheel, analytical modeling and simulation are performed
to estimate the optimal design parameters. Moreover, the dependence of output power on various parameters
of waterwheel is also investigated during simula...
for run-of-the-river applications. For the undershot floating waterwheel, analytical modeling and simulation are performed
to estimate the optimal design parameters. Moreover, the dependence of output power on various parameters
of waterwheel is also investigated during simula...
Sahib Khan*, Abdur Rehman*, Nasir Ahmad**, Muhammad Naeem***
THE REDUCTION OF SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATE AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES
...SAR) of wearable rectangular patch antenna for 1.8GHz
and 2.45GHz wireless applications. Antenna is designated on a 3mm X 3mm X 3mm resolution truncated Hugo body
model in Computer simulation technology software. The ramification reveals the specific absorption rate simulated
value that were reduced by 89% compared to previously achieved SAR reduction of 83.5%. A reduc...
and 2.45GHz wireless applications. Antenna is designated on a 3mm X 3mm X 3mm resolution truncated Hugo body
model in Computer simulation technology software. The ramification reveals the specific absorption rate simulated
value that were reduced by 89% compared to previously achieved SAR reduction of 83.5%. A reduc...
Suhaib*, Shahid Maqsood*, Sikandar Bilal Khattak*, Misbah Ullah*, Rehman Akhtar*, Rashid Nawaz*, Iftikhar Hussain*, Abdul Shakoor**, Khizar Azam**
SINGLE FACILITY LOCATION SELECTIONPROBLEM FOR A PAKISTAN BASED ICE CREAM COMPANY: A CASE STUDY
...mically justifiable and play a critical role in reducing the overall
running cost. An optimal facility location is directly proportional to traveling cost between facility and destinations. In
past decade, extensive research has beencarried out in this field. Most of the facility location optimization techniques
provide optimum or near optimumsolution. In this paper, an optimization technique median method is applied to a
real world...
running cost. An optimal facility location is directly proportional to traveling cost between facility and destinations. In
past decade, extensive research has beencarried out in this field. Most of the facility location optimization techniques
provide optimum or near optimumsolution. In this paper, an optimization technique median method is applied to a
real world...
Hassan Nasir*, Rashid Rehan,** Rizwan Younis,*** Fazal Mabood,**** Salman Saeed,**, Muhammad Sagheer Aslam**
MACHINERY SELECTION FOR DEMOLITION AND RECYCLING OF PAVEMENTS: A SIMULATION-BASED TOOL
...based tools, such as simulation models, have the potential to greatly
benefit the construction mangers in their routine tasks. This paper presents a unique simulation tool based on the
system dynamics methodology to help the construction manager in investigating the cost and duration implications of
various combinations of machinery items. Utility of the developed model is illustrated with the help of a ...
benefit the construction mangers in their routine tasks. This paper presents a unique simulation tool based on the
system dynamics methodology to help the construction manager in investigating the cost and duration implications of
various combinations of machinery items. Utility of the developed model is illustrated with the help of a ...
Hamza Tariq1, Imran Hayat1, Saima Rafiq1*, Aqsa Qayyum2 and Sohrab Qayyum1
...udy was designed to formulate a new antioxidant rich ready-to-serve (RTS) beverage by the combination of different ratios of apple and autumn olive juice (T1= Apple 100% + Autumn olive 0%, T2 = Apple 80% + Autumn olive 20%, T3= Apple 60% + Autumn olive 40%, T4 = Apple 40% + Autumn olive 60%, T5 = Apple 20% + Autumn olive 80%, T6 = Apple 0% + Autumn olive 100%) and to study its physico-chemical profile (pH, acidity, total soluble solids (TSS), reducing sugars, ...
Imran Shehzad1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Ayesha Zafar1, Sher Muhammad2 and Ghulam Murtaza1
...tury, 50 % of the arable land all over the world will be destroyed due to salinization problem. Use of canal water is the only strategy where saline and good quality waters are used in a cyclic manner for leaching down the salts that accumulated during irrigation with saline water. In this manner, salt accumulation does not rise beyond critical limit of the crop. The experiment consisted o...
Muhammad Shahid1, Adiqa Kiani2* and Mahmood Shah3
Livestock Tackles the Major Sector Fluctuations in Agrarian Sector and Raises Economic Performance: A Study of Pakistan
... regressive distributive lag (ARDL) econometric technique was applied to conclude empirical results. Further, cumulative sum (CUSUM) and CUSUM square test was used to check the stability and structural breaks of the model. The results of research show the statistical significant and positive impact of livestock on economic performance while inflation effect on economic performance is insig...
Numan Ahmad, Shahid Bashirand Shahid Rauf
DESIGN OF MINITURISED MIMO ANTENNA WITH W-LAN BAND NOTCHED FOR ULTRA WIDE BAND (UWB) APPLICATIONS
...ng as well as desired isolation. W-LAN notched band in the entire Ultra Wide band is obtained by etching a couple of straight line on the ground plane. A very compact UWB-MIMO antenna with overall dimension of 20×20 mm2 has been proposed which is smaller than most of other MIMO antennas designed for UWB. Impedance bandwidth for the proposed MIMO an...
Waqas Anwar, Iftikhar Hussain
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT BETWEEN RESTIVE REGIONS OF PAKISTAN AND REMAINING PART OF COUNTRY
...eas (FATA/ PATA) / hinterland of Baluchistan and remaining part of Pakistan. Government realized the importance of this under development in the aftermath of 9/11 and consequent unrest and trouble. Construction projects unleashed efforts to bring restive regions in line with rest of country. Project Managers running construction works in these areas face numerous challenges in the execution and decision-making. The important concerns include overstretched logi...
Waqas Anwar, Iftikhar Hussain
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT BETWEEN RESTIVE REGIONS OF PAKISTAN AND REMAINING PART OF COUNTRY
...eas (FATA/ PATA) / hinterland of Baluchistan and remaining part of Pakistan. Government realized the importance of this under development in the aftermath of 9/11 and consequent unrest and trouble. Construction projects unleashed efforts to bring restive regions in line with rest of country. Project Managers running construction works in these areas face numerous challenges in the execution and decision-making. The important concerns include overstretched logi...
Mahmood Alam Khan, Afzal Munir, Muahmmad Shahzad Khattak, Daulat Khan, Muhammad Ajmal
GROUNDWATER RECHARGE QUANTIFICATION FROM RAINFALL IN PESHAWAR DISTRICT-KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...the groundwater was calculated and found to be 269.1 mm. Different water conservation techniques are recommended to increase water recharge in the study area. ...
Tahir Mahmood, Kifayat Ullah, Murad Ullah, Naeem Jan, Irfan Deli, Qaisar Khan
SOME AGGREGATION OPERATORS FOR BIPOLAR-VALUES HESITANT FUZZY INFORMATION BASED ON EINSTEIN OPERATIONAL LAWS
...stein operations for bipolar-valued hesitant fuzzy sets (BVHFSs). We extend the concept of Einstein operators for BVHFSs by defining bipolar-valued hesitant fuzzy Einstein weighted averaging (BPVHFEWA) operators and weighted geometric (BPVHFEWG) operators. Similarly, we define ordered weighted averaging operators and hybrid operators i.e. BVHFEOWA operators, BVHFEOWG operators, BVHFEHA ope...
Sajjad Hussain, Nisar Mohammad, Zahid Ur Rehman, Noor Mohammad, Ishaq Ahmad, Naseer Muhammad Khan, Salim Raza
EXTRACTION OF GOLD AND SILVER BY CYANIDATION PROCESS FROM COMPLEX ORE OF SHOUGHUR AREA CHITRAL, KYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...l, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa on laboratory scale testing. The research work was carried out into two parts. In first part the cyanidation parameters like grinding time, dosage of pH, cyanidation time, dosage of sodium cyanide (NaCN) and dosage of lime Ca (OH)2 were optimized. The samples were subjected to differential grinding time varying from 20 to 35 minutes, pH of slurry adjusted from 9 to 11 by adding Ca (OH)2 from 0.5 to 1.5 gm/kg , dosage of NaCN varies from...
Muhammad Shahid1, Adiqa Kiani2* and Mahmood Shah3
Livestock Tackles the Major Sector Fluctuations in Agrarian Sector and Raises Economic Performance: A Study of Pakistan
... regressive distributive lag (ARDL) econometric technique was applied to conclude empirical results. Further, cumulative sum (CUSUM) and CUSUM square test was used to check the stability and structural breaks of the model. The results of research show the statistical significant and positive impact of livestock on economic performance while inflation effect on economic performance is insig...
Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel2, Ejaz Ashraf3*, Asad Ali4 and Arooba Rubab5
Effect of Insecticides on the Longevity of Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
...nators, however, its population is decreased over the years due to various factors including spraying chemical insecticides for pest management. The present experiment was therefore, designed to look for the effect of some new insecticides (cyhalothrin, nitenpyram, emamectin benzoate) applied at flowering stage of sunflower (variety Hysun-33). After three days of pesticides application, Apis mellifera was exposed to insecticides, pla
Anjum and Ahmad Khan*
Phenology, Crop Stand and Biomass of Wheat in Response to Farmyard Manure and Soil Amendments
...lign: justify;">The stimulated decomposition of farmyard manure (FYM) through soil amendments is considered to improve the nitrogen (N) availability and hence the crop biomass. With this view, the four soil amendments [i.e. No-amendments, Min-N (30 kg N ha-1), humic acid (2.5 kg ha-1) and effective microbes (200 L Mg-1 of FYM)] were added to five levels of FYM (i.e. 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 Mg ha-1) and their impact were quantifi...
Azra1*, Muhammad Afzal2 and Dilawar Khan1
Factors Influencing Inflation and Economic Growth in Pakistan: An Econometric Analysis
...tric investigation of inflation and economic growth in Pakistan for the period 1990-2017. Money supply, imports, exchange rate and budget deficit were the major causes of inflation. Growth in GDP is expected to lead to a reduction in inflation. To combat inflation, unwarranted growth of money supply is checked and the exchange is stabilized. It is less l...
Asif Nawaz1*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1, Rehmat Ullah1, Arshad Farooq2 and Abdul Hassan2
Assessment of Weed Management Competency of Field Assistants in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...d Quotient revealed that lack of promotion, training opportunities and incentives or motivation were the top most constraints that respondents faced in building the required competencies. Therefore, it is a dire need to provide practical in-service training to the Field Assistants in the identified areas for the adequate acquisition of weeds management competency. Moreover, there is need to minimize the identified constraints so that the Field Assistants could...
Kemi F. Omotesho*, Adedamola V. Adetayo, Adeniyi F. Akinrinde and Deborah A. Olabode
Challenges to the Adoption of Agricultural Innovations: The Case of Yam Minisett Technology in Kwara State, Nigeria
...uo;s Product Moment Correlation, were used to analyse data. Result reveals that the farmers were mostly males (71.2%), middle-aged (50.7years,) with an average of 28 years of farming experience. Only 58.5 percent of the farmers had adopted the YMT. Training was most required in the preparation of minisett dust and insecticide application (MWDS= 3.58). Reasons for non-adoption of the technology included wrong perception of the technology, low technological know...
Inamullah Khan1*, Amjad Usman2 and Rahamdad Khan2
The Mortality Rate of Pupae and Adult of Fruit Fly Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett (Diptera: Tephritidae) Affected by Different Submerging Time and Soil Types under the Laboratory Treatment
...ge pupae also showed similar trends in pupal’s mortality and emergence to adult stage.In further investigation on the effect of four soil texture classes such asclay loam, silt clay loam, sandy loam and pure sand as control, low emergence rate and high mortality was recorded from silt clay loam texture soil as co...
Shaista Naz1*, Noor P. Khan1, Himayatullah Khan1 and Azra2
Does Women’s Participation in Livestock Management Enhance their Empowerment? An Insight from the Tribal Belt of Pakistan
...ck management has some relation to their empowerment or it is not a debatable issue. To address the issue, this research is carried out in the tribal areas of Pakistan for which data were collected from 323 randomly selected female respondents from 323 randomly selected households in Mohmand Agency. The collected data were analyzed using percent participation, descriptive statistics, and Decision Making Index (DMI). The results showed that the decisions re
Parsa Riaz and Muhammad Naeem*
Digestive Enzymes Activity with Gut Morphometric Parameter of Carnivorous Fish Wallago attu (Siluridae, Siluriformes)
...ipases, proteases and amylases in the digestive tract of a wild, freshwater, carnivorous Wallago attu. Wallago attu is a fast growing catfish that belongs to family siluridae under the order siluriformes. It has good market demand as a food fish having high nutritional value, and high protein content in its flesh, Carnivorous in nature. Descriptive data of the studied traits included total...
Hina Fatima1*, Sania Shaheen2, Lal Khan Almas3 and Sehrish Haroon4
Profit Efficiency among Transplanting and Direct Seeded Rice Producers (Case Study of Certain Rice Growing Areas of Province Punjab, Pakistan)
...ofit efficiency of transplanted rice production (TRP) and direct seeded rice system (DRS) is gaining greater attention in Pakistan. Profit efficiencies of TRP and DRS are estimated with data from farmers belonging to various districts of Punjab. Gujranwala, Hafizabad, Sheikhupura, Jhang and Sialkot are the major rice producing areas of Punjab. The primary data is collected from the above mentioned areas through random sampli...
Muhammad Naveed Anjum1, Abdur Rehman1*, Muhammad Niamatullah Khan1, Raheel Saqib2, Mohammad Fayaz3 and Iqbal Javed4
Impact of Microfinance on Socioeconomic Status of Farmers in District Dera Ismail Khan
... loan amount and not availability of loan at proper time. The farmers contacted the local agricultural credit officers, with governmental and non-governmental organizations and with different friends and relatives. The overall study concluded that the socioeconomic status of the farmers had been improved due to microcredit facility from the Khushhali Bank limited and other governmental and nongovernmental micro financing ins...
Muhammad Zamin1*, Fazli Rabbi2, Shahen Shah3, Muhammad Amin4, Haroon Ur Rashid5, Hasnain Alam6 and Sabahat Ali1
Performance of Lilium (Lilium elegans L.) Genotypes using Different Planting Media
...tigate the best type of planting medium and selecting a particular genotype for District Swabi climatic conditions, an experiment was conducted in the horticulture nursery, University of Swabi, Pakistan in the year 2019. Five Lilium genotypes viz., Star gazer, Star fighter, BomiYellow, Red carpet and Yena were tested in four type of planting media viz., M1-sandy soil+ Compost (1:1; v/v), M...
Sajjad Haydar*, Zunaira Asif*, A. A. Bhatti**, Obaidullah Nadeem***, Ghulam Hussain*, Nadeem Abbas*
EFFICIENCY OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT IN THE PUNJAB TANNERY SECTOR: A CASE STUDY OF DADA TANNERY
...iv>wastewater treatment plants to address the issue. This study aims to evaluate the performance of wastewater
treatment plant (WWTP) of a local tanning industry. Raw wastewater showed high concentration of organic matter
and Chromium. Phosphorous concentration was found deficient for satisfactory biological treatment. WWTP showed
overall removal efficiency of 88.81, 84.54 and 62.31% for t...
Ihsan Rabbi*, Sehat Ullah**, Aftab Alam**
MARKER BASED TRACKING IN AUGMENTED REALITY APPLICATIONS USING ARTOOLKIT: A CASE STUDY
...ith respect to camera, relationship
between marker size and distance, the brightness and contrast level of a camera on tracking a single marker.
Experiments were conducted to produce the analysis of these factors.
...
Wisal Shah*, Muhammad Nafees**, Muhammad Iqbal***
EVALUATION OF MARBLE SLURRY WASTE FOR PREPARATION OF COMMERCIAL GRADE CEMENT
...ocessing is generating a large amount of slurry waste which poses serious impact on the environment.
This study was conducted with the objective to demonstrate the practicability of using marble slurry wastes in the
manufacturing of cement on commercial scale. Waste marble slurry was obtained from marble processing units
and compares it with the ca...
Farid Ullah Khan*, Atal Khattak*
DEVELOPMENT OF A POWER MANAGEMENT CIRCUIT FOR MICROENERGY HARVESTERS
...>
is design to regulate the power between three different power sources for the operation of a wireless sensor nodes
(WSNs). The main components of the circuit are resistors (carbon film), capacitors (electrolytic), inductors (ferric
bead, axial leaded), and a DC voltage regulators (TPS62100DRC-BRR). The layout of the circuit is patterned on
a prin...
Muhammad Nafees*, Asim Nawab*, Wisal Shah**
STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT DESIGNED FOR INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS
...rmance of the treatment plant installed on the main effluent drain
of Hayatabad Industrial Estate (HIE) for reducing pollution load. The objective of the study was to know about the
pollution removal efficiency and suggest changes in the existent treatment plant, if required. For this purpose, samples
were taken from the effluent, before and after it went through the treatment p
Dr. Taimur Usman*, Dr. Rashid Rehan*, Dr. Salman Saeed*
QUANTIFYING THE EFFECTS OF UPASS: A TRANSIT DEMAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
...dgeting constraints, availability of land for more lanes. Whereas automobile growth rate increases each year
putting more burden on our road networks. Transportation planners have used different strategies to reduce traffic
load on road networks such as encouraging the use of public transportation services, carpooling/ sharing, su...
Muhammad Usman Shafi*, Syed Muhammad Ali**, Syed Akhtar Ali Shah***, Kamran Ahmed****
DEVELOPMENT OF DATABASE OF HEAVY TRUCK LOAD DATA IN PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN
...n and economy. Weighing plates were made of steel which is easily available,
cheaper as compare to the aluminum plates that are being employed in most of the weighing machines. Movable
weighing station comprises of two rectangular steel plates of sizes 28” x 21” and thickness 1&rdquo...
Sikandar Afridi*, Muhammad Irfan Khattak**, Nasim Ullah***, Gulzar Ahmad**, Muhammad Shafi**
PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF FACE RECOGNITION SYSTEM USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS MERGED WITH DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORMS
...ge are extracted by calculating the Eigenface of the image with size already
reduced by taking DWT. As a result of this process the size of database will reduce to one-fourth of the conventional
PCA in which the facial features are extracted directly from the image by calculating the Eigenface. The size of the
train database is reduced with the proposed technique which reduces the processi...
Nasimullah*, Muhammad Irfan Khattak**, Muhammad Shafi**, Gulzar Ahmad**
A TUTORIAL ON ADAPTIVE ROBUST POSITION CONTROL OF DC MOTOR USING FUZZY LOGIC COMPENSATION
...iction phenomenon is simulated
using Lugre dynamic model. Adaptive fuzzy system is used to approximate nonlinear friction and external disturbance.
Assuming that system state matrixes are known, model based robust controller is formulated using sliding mode
control method. Adaptive fuzzy system formulated using Lyapunov function. The proposed controller ...
Asif Ali Khan*, Nasru Minallah*, Shahbaz Khan**
ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SUPERVISED CLASSIFIERS FOR CROP IDENTIFICATION AND ESTIMATION USING MULTI-SPECTRAL IMAGERY
...manually delineated calculations. For
this research SPOT-5 imagery of 2.5m spatial resolution, was provided by Space and Upper Atmosphere Research
Commission (SUPARCO), space agency of Pakistan. After preprocessing, which is a preparatory step in analyzing
and classifying satellite imagery to improve classification results and reduce the efforts and proc...
Atta Ur Rehman, Laiq Hassan, Nasir Ahmad, Kashif Ahmad, Shakirullah
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE AND HAMMING DISTANCE USED FOR IRIS RECOGNITION
...study of two well-known classification techniques of iris patterns, along with detailed
description of some preprocessing steps. In preprocessing stage, Circular Hough Transform and Canny Edge
Detector are employed for iris segmentation, while for iris normalization and feature extraction, the Rubber Sheet
Model and one-dimensional (1-D) Log-Gabor Filter are used respectively. Finally for c<...
Numan Ahmad1, Shahid Bashir1*, Shahid Rauf1
DESIGN OF MINITURISED MIMO ANTENNA WITH W-LAN BAND NOTCHED FOR ULTRA WIDE BAND (UWB) APPLICATIONS
...ng as well as desired isolation. W-LAN
notched band in the entire Ultra Wide band is obtained by etching a couple of straight line on the ground plane. A
very compact UWB-MIMO antenna with overall dimension of 20×20 mm2 has been proposed which is smaller than
most of other MIMO antennas designed for UWB. Impedanc...
Waqas Anwar1*, Iftikhar Hussain1
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT BETWEEN RESTIVE REGIONS OF PAKISTAN AND REMAINING PART OF COUNTRY
...eas (FATA/ PATA) / hinterland of Baluchistan and remaining part
of Pakistan. Government realized the importance of this under development in the aftermath of 9/11 and consequent
unrest and trouble. Construction projects unleashed efforts to bring restive regions in line with rest of country.
Project Managers running construction works in these areas face numerous challenges in the execution and decision-
making. ...
Mahmood Alam Khan1*, Afzal Munir1, Muhammad Shahzad Khattak1, Daulat Khan1, Muhammad Ajmal1
GROUNDWATER RECHARGE QUANTIFICATION FROM RAINFALL IN PESHAWAR DISTRICT-KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...div>groundwater was calculated and found to be 269.1 mm. Different water conservation techniques are recommended
to increase water recharge in the study area.
...
Tahir Mahmood1, Kifayat Ullah2, Murad Ullah3*, Naeem Jan4, Irfan Deli5, Qaisar Khan6
SOME AGGREGATION OPERATORS FOR BIPOLAR-VALUED HESITANT FUZZY INFORMATION BASED ON EINSTEIN OPERATIONAL LAWS
...stein operations for bipolar-valued hesitant fuzzy sets (BVHFSs). We extend the concept
of Einstein operators for BVHFSs by defining bipolar-valued hesitant fuzzy Einstein weighted averaging (BPVHFEWA)
operators and weighted geometric (BPVHFEWG) operators. Similarly, we define ordered weighted averaging operators
and hybrid operators i.e. BVHFEOWA operator...
Muhammad Amir*1, Syed Waqar Shah1, Michael J. Pont2
FAULT-MANAGEMENT ON SYSTEM’S LEVEL IN CONTROLLER AREA NETWORK BASED “SHARED-CLOCK” ENVIRONMENTS
...en inherently
plagued by flexibility and fault-management issues since they were introduced. The easiest way out of such issues
is to adopt the more flexible/fault-manageable but expensive protocols such as the Time-Triggered Protocol (TTP)
and FlexRay. Looking at the cost-effective nature of CAN and its widespread use, we started working on making
such SC architectures more flexible and fault-manageable on embedde...
Sajjad Hussain1*, Nisar Mohammad1, Zahid Ur Rehman1, Noor Mohammad1, Ishaq Ahmad1,
Naseer Muhammad Khan2 and Salim Raza1
EXTRACTION OF GOLD AND SILVER BY AGITATION CYANIDATION PROCESS FROM COMPLEX ORE OF SHOUGHUR AREA CHITRAL, KYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PAKISTAN
...rried
out at laboratory scale. The three representative samples ground at time 25, 30 to 35 minutes and roasted at 650 oc
for 1 hour were subjected to agitation cyanidation process at varying dosage of pH from 10 to 11.13 , CaO from 0.5
to 1.5 gm/kg, NaCN varies from 1 gram to 5.93 gram and cyanidation time varies from 0 to 39 hours. The maximum
grade of 71.82 ppm with 99.03% extraction/recovery of gold and 34.34...
Muhammad Irfan*, Saeed Gul*, Mohammad Younas*, Babar Nawaz*, M. Ishfaq*, M. Amir Durrani*, Abid khan*
FERMENTATION OF SUGARCANE MOLASSES BY SACCHARAMYCES CEREVESIA: EFFECTS OF OPERATING PARAMETERS ON ETHANOL PRODUCTION
...r massive production ofmolasses. Typically the molasses is converted to ethanol through fermentation process. A pilot plant has been designed and fabricated to investigate the effe...
Khizar Azam*, Abdul Shakoor*~ Afzal Khan*, Riaz Akbar Shah*~ Shaukat Ali Shah·
IDENTIFICATION OF VITAL VEHICLE MECHANICAL DEFECTS CAUSING ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN PAKISTAN
...s also done at the Toll plaza of the Peshawar-Islamabad Motorway (M-1). The response rate to the survey was 64%. The survey ide...
Tabassum Yasmin*, Muhammad Sadiq*
IMPACT OF LANTHANUM DOPING ON SAC305 LEAD FREE SOLDERS FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS
...nvestigate the effect of lanthanum-doping and thermal aging on the growth of the IMCs of SAC305 solder alloy in terms of size and dispersion. It was observed that addition of lanthanum refined the microstructure to a...
Fcroz Shah*~ Mohammad A. Irfan**, Rizwan Gul*~ Abdul Shakoor*
ALGORITHM DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION FOR NUMERICAL DETECTION OF HOT SPOTS IN CASTING GEOMETRY
...ian: normal;">rectangular sections. Arbitrary points are chosen in these sections from where vectors are generated which interact with surround- ing edges, comers, curved surfaces, holes etc. of the geometry. These vectors develop a
Farid Ullah Khan·
PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF VIBRATION-BASED ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY HARVESTER DUE TO REDUCED AIR DAMPING
...ere the magnets are oscillating. Under a pressure of-93 kPa and when excited at an acceleration of
Muhammad Khurram Ali*, Raft Javed Qureshi**, Mirza Jahanzaib***
SELECTING FACILITY LOCATION USING HYBRID METHODOLOGIES IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: A CASE OF CEMENT PLANT
...itable for a new cement plant installation among the list offour alternatives. The irreversible nature of the crucial decision requires analysis of wide range offactors with different optimization techniques. Therefore such factors were explored and prioritized from available literatur...
Abdul Malik*, Abdul Sattar Shakir**, Muhammad Jamal Khan***, Muhammad Latif**, Zia-ul-Haq*
YIELD RESPONSE AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF SUGAR BEET IN SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENT UNDER DIFFERENT DEFICIT IRRIGATION REGIMES
...e of 0.91 to 1.08. The relationship obtained between root yield and evapotranspiration was linear. It can be concluded from the study that, for better sugar beet yield, full irrigation treatment should be used for semi arid conditions with no water shortage. However, in water limited situation, sugar beet may be irrigated at 80% offull irrigation. This might decrease the sugar beet root and sugar yields by 13.7% and 9.10%, however it may save 20% irrigati...
Farid Ullah Khan*, Sheraz Ali Khan*
A SMART STARTUP AND SHUTDOWN SYSTEM FOR DOMESTIC ELECTRIC POWER GENERATORS
...le power supply (UPS), Solar-cell systems and household electric generators. The startup and shutdown ofmost ofthe household electric generators is manual, which renders them less convenient as compared to the UPS and Solar-cell systems. A fUlly automatic electrical generator that starts and shuts down itself without any user intervention results in increased user convenience. This paper looks at the design and evaluates the...
Nisar Mohammad٭, Mohammad Mansoor Khan٭, Noor Mohammad٭
EXTRACTION OF HIGH QUALITY TALC FROM TALC-CARBONATE ROCK OF MINGORA EMERALD MINES BY FLOTATION AND LEACHING
...icate with chemical formula Mg3Si4O10(OH)2. In natural form pure talc is an extreme rarity and it is mostly associated with undesired minerals like magnesite, calcite, dolomite, quartz, muscovite, chlorite, tremolite and iron bearing minerals. These associated minerals determine the quality of talc for industrial purpose and if in access, limits its applications. In present research work, beneficiation studies of carbonatic talcose rock of Mingora emerald mine...
Syed Asif Ali Shah*, Iftikhar Hussain*
PERFORMANCE OF THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR OF PAKISTAN AND ITS COMPETITIVENESS CAUSE AND REMEDY
...ind the sectors apparent lack of competitiveness. It also discusses the standing of the Pakistani manufacturing sector and its capability of producing high-tech products and its share in the global export. Data provided by GEM Pakistan has been analyzed, that leads to suggest optimizing the Pakistani manufacturing sectors approach....
Shahida Nasreen Zakir*, Samina Siddiqui**, Nasreen Ghaffar*
MAJOR ELEMENTS CONCENTRATIONS IN CALCAREOUS SOILS
...t materials and then to classify such soils in calcareous, moderate and non-calcareous soils. Soils were analyzed for total content of Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Si and Ti with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometery and UV-VIS Spectormetry. Total Ca content in loess soils is 12% thus categorized in calcareous soils whereas alluvium and piedmont alluvium soils with Ca content ranged from 0.9 to 5.2% hence are classified into mod...
Farid Ullah Khan*
MINIATURE VIBRATION SHAKER FOR MEMS-SCALE VIBRATION-BASED ENERGY HARVESTERS APPLICATION
...is supported by zig-zag planar beams and a copper wound coil is contained at the lower portion of the shaker’s table. Alternating magnetic field of the wound coil and the magnetic field of the permanent magnet generates a sinusoidal force that causes the shaker’s table to vibrate at the frequency of input electrical signal to the shaker. Modal analysis of the suspension system performed in COMSOL Multiphysics®, indicates that in the first mode ...
Khizar Azam٭, Abdul Shakoor٭, Riaz Akbar Shah٭, Afzal Khan٭, Shaukat Ali Shah٭,
Muhammad Shahid Khalil٭٭
COMPARISON OF FATIGUE RELATED ROAD TRAFFIC CRASHES ON THE NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AND MOTORWAYS IN PAKISTAN
...tion of driver fatigue related RTC on the Motorways and National Highways of Pakistan. Data were collected from the National Highways and Motorway Police (NHMP). Data for 2003 to 2012 of all RTC on Motorways and 2003-2011 on the National Highways (N-5) were examined extensively by applying Australian Transportation Safety Bureau (ATSB) criteria for determining fatigue related RTC. The Total number of RTC on Motorways during ...
Gul Rukh*, Iftikhar Khan* M. Naeem Arbab*, Uzma Nawaz*
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN EFFICIENT MICRO-HYDROELECTRIC SCHEME FOR LOW HEADS
...able to run a farm in villages where electricity supply is not available and where cost of transmission and distribution is high. The location where it has been installed and tested is village Kandar, Tehsil Mathra, Peshawar. The present project is compared with the existing and is much cost-effective and highly efficient.
...
Farid Ullah Khan*
ACTUATION ENHANCEMENT OF A MICRO BIMORPH THERMAL ACTUATOR
...(Si-SS) bimorph provides larger deflections at higher operational conditions. The practical constraints on traditional bimorph materials in extreme operating conditions arise from intrinsic material properties such as yield strength and melting temperature. Under such extreme conditions Si-SS bimorphs perform well, opening up new field applications for this micro device. In order to fabricate the novel Si-Steel bimorph, a generic fabrication sequence...
Shaukat Ali*, Shah Khusro*, Laiq Hasan**, Asif Ali Khan**
A SURVEY OF MOBILE PHONES CONTEXT-AWARENESS USING SENSING COMPUTING RESEARCH
... and communication platforms for performing individual's daily activities but have turned them into global sensing devices as well. Mobile phones sensing is a novel mobile phones context-aware computing paradigm enabling mobile phones to discover and capture peoples' contextual information, paving the way for the development of cutting-edge context-aware applications. Mobile phone sensing is old wine in a new bottle, having its roots extend...
M. Rizwan Gul*
COMPARISON OF THE OF MECHANICAL AND WEAR BEHAVIOURS OF DIFFERNT TYPES OF POLYETHYLENES AND THE EFFECT OF RADIATION CROSS-LINKING ON THESE BEHAVIOURS
...E), and ultra-high molecular weight (UHMWPE) were studied. Cross-linking was carried out by high energy electron beam at room temperature, with radiation dose ranging from 0-600 kGy. The results show that the stress-strain curve of UHMWPE in unirradiated state is marked by extensive strain hardening resulting in excellent wear resistance. Unirradaited HDPE show extensive yielding and high strain to failure, with dry abrasive wear properties comparable to UHMWP...
M A Khalid*, A R Ghumman**, H. N. Hashmi**, E. Tanveer*
INVESTIGATION OF PERFORMANCE AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT OF LOWER BARI DOAB CANAL
...irrigation system having large network of canals fed from rivers is influenced by many parameters. Inequitable water distribution, Shortage of water during peak crop water requirements, tempering of insufficient funds for proper maintenance and high sediment loads in canals are worth mentioning issues. In this paper the performance of Lower Bari Doab Canal with emphasis on sediment transport analysis has been investigated using field data. The performance of c...
Muhammad Waseem*, Irshad Ahmad**, Rawid Khan**, Bashir Alam**, Khan Shahzada**, Muhammad Javed**
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF SOIL SLOPE IN SWABI, PAKISTAN
...ty analysis for a particular type of soil in Swabi area was carried out using the method of slices. Gravity load and seismic load were considered in the stability analysis. SLOPE/W and SIGMA/W software of Geo studio package were used for analysis under both dry and completely saturated conditions. Pseudo-static approach was used for the seismic stability analysis. The peak ground acceleration value for stability analysis was obtained from the seismic hazard an...
Syed Farasat Ali Shah*, Amjad Naseer**, Rashid Rehan**
USE OF RUBBER WASTE IN CONCRETE TO REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION- AN OVERVIEW
...concrete as a partial replacement of aggregates resulting in lightweight concrete. Using rubber wastes in concrete enhances the impact resistance, thermal insulation and sound insulation at affordable strength. This paper reviews the viable use of rubber wastes in concrete industry to address the problem of disposal of such wastes.
...
M. Nafees*, Bushra Khan*, Robina Naz*
STUDY OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SAFETY IN STEEL RE-ROLLING MILL WITH REFERENCE TO HIGH NOISE LEVEL AND TEMPERATURE
...e level was high at two places of the mill i.e. furnace and re-rolling mill sections with the average value of 67 °C and 39°C respectively, which exceeds OSHA limit of 25-30 °C for comfortable working temperature. The average noise level at furnace section was satisfactory but that at the re-rolling mill was found to be 102 dB, whereas OSHA has set the limit to be 92 dB for 6 hours work shift. A pair-wise t-test indicated that the noise level at al...
Azam Khan*, Irshad Ahmad**
TIME HISTORY ANALYSIS OF SEISMICALLY ISOLATED FIXED BASE OFFSHORE PLATFORM
...pplication of seismic isolation to a fixed-base offshore platform. A series of nonlinear time history analyses has been undertaken for the Platform A to assess structural integrity under Ductility Level Earthquake (DLE) design events. A full nonlinear time history analysis (including soil and foundation modelling) has been undertaken using finite element software SAFJAC for an extreme eart...
Azam Khan*, Irshad Ahmad**
IN-PLACE ANALYSIS OF JACKET OFFSHORE STRUCTURE UNDER STORM CONDITIONS
...sents the details of In-place analysis of fixed jacket Platform BD. The numerical model is prepared using ANSYS ASAS structural analysis computer system. Beam stick model has been used, with multi-level sub-structuring technique, to model the whole structure. Appropriate dead load, live loads and quasi-static action of 100 yr storm have been applied to the structure. The structure-pile interaction analysis has...
Muhammad Imran Ahmad*, Nan Zhang**, Megan Jobson**, Muhammad Younas*, Kamran Ghani***
DELUMPING PROCEDURE FOR PREDICTION OF DISTRIBUTION OF PRODUCTS IN DISTILLATION USING A SHORT-CUT MODEL
...hort-cut models of distillation are useful in screening design options for separation of petroleum fractions at conceptual design stage. A methodology for prediction of detailed product distribution for distillation processes using short-cut calculations of distillation is developed in this work. The proposed delumping procedure is exp
Tahir Usman*, Khan Muhammad*
MODELING OF BLASTING COST AT DEEWAN CEMENT QUARRY, HATTAR USING MULTIVARIATE REGRESSION
...="text-align: justify;">Blasting is only the first step in the production process for mines and quarries and the cost of which is normally 8% to 12% of the total costs. Hence, reduced blasting cost is one of the main objectives of production blasting at a cement quarry. This paper presents the development of a prediction model for blasting cost...
Muhammad Qasim*, Mohib Ahmad*, Mohammad Inayatullah Babar*, Shahid Bashir*,
Farah Mahmood*, Zeeshan Sabir*
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS PARAMETERS ON EFFICIENCY OF PHYSICAL LAYER DEPLOYED FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK
...d efficiency of physical layer. The role of physical layer is clearly evident from the fact that it plays an important role in determining the overall quality of data communication. The issue of quality is also important in the context of saving energy of nodes involved in wireless sensor network communication. Poor quality of communication puts constraint on the already exi...
Gulzar Ahmad*, Sahibzada Faheem*, Amjad Ullah*, Waqar Shah*, S.M. Majid Ashraf*
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RELAY PROTOCOLS USING SIMULATION
...ion of the cooperative relaying systems involves less hardware and low complexity but gives comparable performance and diversity gains to the actual multiple antenna systems. The aim of this paper is to compare various techniques used in cooperative relaying protocols. The performance is evaluated in terms of average symbol error under various ranges of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) probabilities. A three n...
Naeem Ejaz*, Daulat Khan**, Usman Ali Naeem*, Muhammad Ali Shamim*, Muhammad Fiaz Tahir*, Faisal Shabbir*, Jawad Hussain*
DETERIORATION OF ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT AND FLY-ASH BASED GEO-POLYMER CONCRETES DUE TO SULFATE ATTACK UNDER THE ACTION OF SULFURIC ACID AND WASTEWATER
...nd wastewater treatment plants has been a major problem but this issue has not been resolved satisfactorily yet. Generally, deterioration happens due to sulfuric acid reaction with treatment units and sewer materials. Geo-polymer binders especially fly ash (FA) is an acid resistant and can be used as a substitute binder for sewer construction. This research work highlights the laboratory results of fly as...
Muhammad Naeem*, Sohail Asghar**
A REVIEW OF FEATURE SELECTION TECHNIQUES IN STRUCTURE LEARNING
...-align: justify;">In the last two decades, there has been significant advancement in heuristics for inducing Bayesian belief networks for the purpose of automatic distillation of knowledge from masses of data with target concepts. However, there are various circumstances where we are confronted to fix a set of most influencing variables in modelling of class variable. This a...
Inayat Ullah*, Shah Khusro**, Saeed Mahfooz**, Azhar Rauf**
IMPACT OF NETWORK SCALABILITY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF RIP AND IGRP FOR EMAIL SERVICES
...ting protocols are classified as distance vector and link-state routing protocols. Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) are examples of distance vector while Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) are link-state routing protocols. Both RIP and IGRP are using different metrics to evaluate best route to a destination in the network. RIP uses a simple me...
Muhammad Irfan*, Saeed Gul*, Mohammad Younas*
SOLAR STILL PERFORMANCE FOR SEA WATER PURIFICATION: A STATISTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
... source of energy. The solar energy has been proved to be an economical alternative renewable energy used to extract the fresh water from sea water. The principle objective of the study is to purify the sea water by using solar energy. A pilot scale solar still has been designed, fabricated and optimized for maximum evaporation rate of model sea water. The various param...
Zeeshan Sabir*, M. Inayatullah Babar*, Saeed Ur Rehman**, Amjad Ullah Khattak * Syed Riaz Ul Hassnain*
EVALUATING PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN MANET ENVIRONMENT BASED ON TCP WINDOW SIZE EVALUATION
...n this paper we have simulated an environment of MANETs consisting of a few Mobile nodes that tend to form a network amongst eachother during their random mobile behaviour. The environment has been simulated using three different routing protocols via the Network Simulator(NS)-2.35 scripting and the performance of these protocols have been compared based upon their TCP windo...
Amjad Ali*, Amir Nawaz Khan*, Atta-ur-Rahman*, Muhammad Saeed*
ANALYSIS OF SITE, SITUATION AND THEIR IMPACT ON RESETTLEMENT OF PROPOSED NEW BALAKOT TOWN, PAKISTAN: AN EX POST EVALUATION OF 2005 KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE
... destroyed the town of Balakot. As a consequence the site of Balakot town has been declared as a red zone and for resettlement new Balakot town was proposed at Bakryal. There is uncertainty about the resettlement. The new Balakot town attract the low income and servant clas...
Mumtaz Shah*, Hashim Nisar Hashmi* Naeem Ejaz* Abdul Razzaq Ghumman*
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTES FOR MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT
...>Municipal Sewage of Taxila was selected for evaluation and comparison of the performance of three aquatic macrophytes regarding sewage treatment. A bench scale laboratory model was developed and used for experimentation. Six experimental runs were conducted and each run laps over thirty (30) days. In each experimental runcontinuous monitoring of municipal sewage was done for eac...
Hazrat Hussain*, Muhammad Ibrahim**, Navid Ahmed***, Zia ul Haq**, Bashir Alam***
ASSESSMENT OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT LOAD FROM GOAML RIVER AND ITS IMPACT ON THE GOMAL ZAM DAM LIFESPAN
...alyzed. Based on the available data and using regression analysis a model is developed to establish a correlation between water discharge and sediment load. The model is an attempt to ascertain the rate of erosion in the catchment of the Gomal River since no generalized model has so far been developed to explain the nature of such weathering activities and all such works are...
Shahid Ali1, Habib Akbar2, Shamsher Ali3*, Adnan Nasim1, Muhammad Ismail1, Nur Ul Haq1 and Muhammad Usman4
Effect of Planting Sources, Cane Portions and Setts Placement Methods on Sugarcane Yield Attributing Traits
... out the best sugarcane plantation source between trenched and fresh stocks, efficient method of setts placement, selection of paramount cane portions and the interaction of yield and yield components. The effect of planting sources (i.e. sugarcane fresh seed and the one obtained from stock buried underground), cane portions and setts placement methods o...
Tanveer Sultan1, Anwaar Ahmed1, Aqsa Qayyum2*, Amer Mumtaz2 and Naeem Khalid3
... texture. The study postulated that buckwheat could be used as a potential source of gluten-free bakery products. ...
Fazli Rabbi1*, Muhammad Idrees2, Shahid Ali1, Muhammad Zamin3 and Hazrat Bilal4
Farmers Perceptions and Adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Peach (Prunus persica L.) Production and Marketing
...r Pakhtunkhwa during the last couple of years. However, these peach growers face various contraints in peach marketing. The farmers are reverting to the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to overcome marketing hurdles. This research investigates the farmers’ awareness and use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) vis-à-vis the association between ICTs use and farmers’ socioeconomic and farm level variable...
Sajad Ali1*, Jangraiz Khan2, Arshadullah Jadoon3, Muhammad Riaz4 and Abid Khan1
Evaluation of Farmers Socioeconomic Characteristics Influencing Tomato Output in District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
... considerably during the last five years. The present study has been conducted to explore the farmer’s socio-economic characteristics, affecting the tomato production in district Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A multi-stage-sampling technique and interview method were adopted for data collection. A sample of 160 tomato (Kharif) growers was drawn from 16 villages of district Peshawar. Chi-Square and Pearson Ran...
Syed Mufeed Hadi Naqvi1*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui1, Waqar-Ul-Hassan Tareen1, Muhammad Ameer Qarib Naqvi2 and Naseeb Hussain3
Usage of Mobile Phone by Vegetable Growers and its Impact on Vegetable Production
...each tehsil and three villages from each union council, also selected at random. Due to the limitations of study such as time and financial support five farmers from every village were selected to make a total one hundred and twenty respondents for the study. Most (44.2%) of the respondents of present study were present in middle age group and one out of three (31.7%) of the respondents were young and belong to age group of ...
Sitara Nawaz1, Shamaila Irum1, Haroon Ahmed2, Shazia Shamas1, Sadia Roshan1, Muhammad Ather Rafi4, Irfan Ullah5*, Gulnaz Parveen3*
...ns of Panjab and their relationship with hospital-reported cases of Leishmaniasis. Clinical information of 124 patients was recorded. Observable factors of prevalence include age group, gender, financial status, clinical symptoms, and travel history. The sandflies also collected and identified. Out of 350 sandflies two genera Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia were reported, P. segenti was most abundant specie and a strong positive linear corre<...
Sumaira, Ali Mujtaba Shah*, Ghulam Asghar Solangi, Ifra Anwar, Qudratullah Kalwar
...ter, fat, carbohydrates, lactose, protein, minerals, nutrients and catalysts. A total of 20 % milk is obtained from different species including sheep, ass, horse, yak, goat, bison and camel while the 80 % milk is produced by cows. Milk of camel plays an essential part in the diet of human. Additionally, camel milk comprises numerous fatty acids and enzymes. Hence camel milk has many beneficial effects, such as antiviral, ant...
Zarish Yaqoob1, Saleema Bashir Shams2, Gaitee Joshua2 and Bibi Nazia Murtaza2,3*
... at confluence of Deg Nallah and river Ravi. We found maximum accumulation of Cr (21.1 ppm) in Rita rita, Co (13.1 ppm) in Channa marulius, Cd (20.1 ppm) in Cirrhinus mrigala and Zn (32.9 ppm) in Cyprinus carpio. Maximum accumulation of heavy metals was found in the gills of fish followed by liver, kidneys, muscle and fat cell...
Muhammad Riaz1*, Naureen Akhtar1, Salik Nawaz Khan1, Muhammad Shakeel1,2 and Ateeq Tahir1
Neocosmospora rubicola: An Unrecorded Pathogen from Pakistan Causing Potato Stem Rot
...ign: justify;">Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is one of the important staple crops over the world. Potato crop is threatening by a number of biotic stresses which not only affect plant health and yield but also the quality of the produce. Among biotic diseases, fungal stem and tuber rot are the most common diseases that cause significant loss in potato production in Punjab province, Pakistan. Neocosmospora rubico
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Saima Sadaf1, Adnan Ahmad1, Usman Rafique1 and Muhammad Arshad Javed1
An Assessment of Farmers’ Awareness Level Regarding Integrated Farming System in District Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
...ext-align: justify;">Availability of adequate food and water, along with livelihood security, natural resources conservation and environmental protection are considered as basic human needs of a society. The developing world is struggling with lack of or inadequate supply of these resources while combating with climate change at the same time. It is a fact that sustainable development comes only by judicious utilization of t...
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Saima Sadaf1, Adnan Ahmad1, Usman Rafique1 and Muhammad Arshad Javed1
An Assessment of Farmers’ Awareness Level Regarding Integrated Farming System in District Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
...ext-align: justify;">Availability of adequate food and water, along with livelihood security, natural resources conservation and environmental protection are considered as basic human needs of a society. The developing world is struggling with lack of or inadequate supply of these resources while combating with climate change at the same time. It is a fact that sustainable development comes only by judicious utilization of t...
Muhammad Khalid1,2, Samrah Masud2, Zara Naeem2, Muhammad Munir Shahid3, Ammar Danyal Naeem2, Abir Ishtiaq2 and Muhammad Naeem2*
Length-weight and Length-length Relationships of Farmed Catla catla during Winter Season from Muzaffargarh, Pakistan
...To study length-weight relationship (LWR) and length-length relationships (LLRs) of farmed Catla catla, thirty fish specimens were collected from a fish farm located at Muzaffargarh, Pakistan during January, 2019. Total length (TL), standard length (SL), fork length (FL) and body weight was taken of each fish specimen. Mean TL and body weight (W) of stud...
Saba Iqbal1*, Muhammad Luqman1, Hafiz Muhammad Nasrullah1, Asmat Ullah1 and Hafiz Muhammad Akram2
Response of Cotton to Application of Organic and Inorganic Source of Nutrients in Semi-Arid Climate
...waste product of biogas plant that uses manure of all kind of farm animals to produce biogas) were investigated to figure out the best possible combination for cotton crop. Different combinations were; T1= control (recommended fertilizer dose 145-56-62 NPK kg ha-1); T2= poultry manure (8 t ha-1); T3= FYM (10 t ha-1); T4= slurry (10 t ha-1); T5= urea 30 kg ha-1+ poultry manure 6 t ha-1, T6= urea 30 kg ha-1+ FYM 8 t ha-1; T7= urea 30 kg ha-1+ slurry 8 t ha-1; T8...
Mohammad Aslam Khan*, Samiullah* and Zulfiqar Ali*
DYNAMICS OF URBAN SPATIAL GROWTH AND PLANNING: A CASE STUDY OF PESHAWAR
...e adding about 500 ha of land annually in recent years and in the absence of planning control has seen tremendous urban sprawl. The pattern of development of urban sprawl in Peshawar is typical of most Pakistani major cities, where ribbon sprawl is common along major roads, while leapfrog sprawl is prevalent in the city’s fringes. The uncontrolled expansion in the built up area is typically consumin...
Waheed-ur-Rehman*, Amjad Naseer*, Rashid Rehan*, Mohammad Ashraf* and Muhammad Ibrar*
PERFORMANCE OF BRICK MASONRY CAVITY WALLS WITH DIFFERENT WALL TIES
... I-shaped ties while the last one had Z-shaped ties. A total of six specimens were fabricated and tested, two specimens for each of the three wall types. The specimens were then subjected to constant vertical and horizontal cyclic loads in a displacement controlled environment. Lateral strength, stiffness and ductility of the walls were determined and compared. Test results show that use of ties increases stif...
Asadullah Saleem* and Nadeem Ehsan*
STATUS OF PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS IN INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION FIRMS OF PAKISTAN
...onstruction firms during last two decades. Before a solution in the form of a suitable performance measurement framework could be prescribed to domestic firms to solve performance related problems, it is a pre-condition that one gets to know the health of performance measurement system (PMS) currently practised by these organizations. Questionnaire based survey revealed that there is an empirical evidence...
Usman Ghani*, Naeem Ijaz* and Daulat Khan**
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MEANDERING OPEN CHANNEL FLOWS
...imensional numerical simulation of overbank flows in meandering channels. Four different flow cases were considered. The cases vary from each other in the sense of bed slope and overbank flow depth. There were two overbank flow depths for each bed slope. In this study a rectangular main channel flanked by floodplains on both sides has been...
Naeem Ejaz*, Daulat Khan**, Usman Ali Naeem*, Muhammad Ali Shamim*, Usman Ghani* and Muhammad Fiaz Tahir*
INVESTIGATION TO CHECK THE FEASIBILITY OF COMPOSTING FOR SMALL CITIES IN DEVELOPING WORLD: A CASE STUDY OF TAXILA CITY
...ing waste treatment. Taxila, a small city in Rawalpindi District, is selected as a focal area for this study and to start with the prevalent major environmental problems resulting from poor solid waste management were investigated. In the next stage of investigation, focal area was further subdivided into three neighbourhoods while considering the population and living standards of dwellers, with these zo...
Feroza Arshad*, Aftab Ahmed Memon**, Muhammad Aslam Uqaili** and Arshad Habib Malik*
SYNTHESIS OF A NOVEL ROBUST INTELLIGENT CASCADED REACTIVITY CONTROLLER FOR CANDU REACTOR
...DU) -type Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) operating in Pakistan. The designed NICRC is a cascaded configuration of reactor power and moderator level controllers composed of five sub-controllers. The proposed NICRC is designed using intelligent soft computing technique. The original reactivity controller of CANDU nuclear power plant is a networked controller implemented on a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). ...
Shahrukh Khalid* and Athar Mahboob**
A SURVEY ON AUTO-CONFIGURATION MECHANISMS FOR MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS (MANETS)
...lem for research. A large number of mechanisms have been proposed for configuring MANET nodes. This paper presents a survey of latest and primitive auto-configuration mechanisms for mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs).
...
Abroon Jamal Qazi*, Afzal Khan*, Muhammad Tahir Khan*, Muhammad Ali Kamran* and Khizar Azam*
A NOVEL APPLICATION OF PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE IN SEMI-ACTIVE SUSPENSION SYSTEM CONTROL
...sed on the feedback of relative displacement of the suspension with respect to the road disturbance and relative velocity across the damper. Fuzzy logic control can cope with the nonlinearities of system using heuristic rules. Three gains are incorporated in the system corresponding to the inputs and output of the controller. Particle swarm optimization method is utilized fo...
Sikandar Khan*, Afzal Khan*, Muhammad Tahir Khan*, Muhammad Ali Kamran* and Abdul Shakoor*
DYNAMIC MODELING AND STARTING BEHAVIOR OF A SMALL HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE
...l areas, wind speeds available in various areas of Pakistan are low to medium, especially in the northern areas. It is possible to produce significant power from a small wind turbine at low wind speeds provided the turbine can be started. In this paper “BEM function” and “Aerodynamic function” are used based on the Blade element momentum theory. These Matla
Sajid Ullah Butt, Aamer Ahmed Baqai, Syeda Naela Fatima, Hasan Aftab Saeed
MATERIAL HANDLING COST CONSIDERATION IN PROCESS PLAN SELECTION FOR RECONFIGURABLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM
...ed. In RMS, the process plan is designed such that changes in demand or features etc. can easily be reflected without major loss in manufacturing time or cost. The costs usually included are machine usage, tool usage, machine change, tool change costs etc. All the parameters related to these costs become a part of the process plans. The focus of this research is to include material ha...
Muhammad Shaheen
APPLICATION OF LABELLED K MEANS CLUSTERING FOR GIS CONTRACT AUTOMATION
...ring is an unsupervised classification technique which is suitable for the dataset which do not have any class labels. The absence of labels constrained its application on different text data sets. Labelled K Means clustering generate labels for the clusters obtained from K Means Clustering which makes this technique m...
Mehreen Ijaz
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TENSILE STRENGTH OF MULTIFILAMENT SILK AND VICRYL SUTURES USED IN SURGERY
...e materials may be monofilament or multi filaments based on either natural or synthetic content. Mechanical and physical properties of sutures are crucial requirements to make an informed decision for their appropriate use in surgery. This study was aimed at determining and comparing the tensile strength of sutures made with silk and vicryl materials in straight and knot pull. An experimental study was conducted. Samples of ...
Amjad Hussain1, Ata Ur Rehman2, Zia Ur Rehman Tahir3, Aftab Ahmad1, Fahad Noor3, Qasar Wasique Ahmad1
INVESTIGATION OF EMPLOYEES’ PERCEPTION ABOUT LEAN IMPLEMENTATION
...zations (N=339; white collars and blue collars employees working at the shop floor); level and maturity of lean implementation in each organization was done before conducting the study. It has been concluded that white collar work group perceptions about Kaizen implementation are more positive than blue collar employees. Moreover, employees with the lowe...
Behram Khan1, Amir Nawaz Khan2, Said Qasim3, Atta-ur Rahman4
ANALYSIS OF HUMAN PERCEPTIONS AND ADAPTATIONS TO FLASH FLOODS IN KHYBER AGENCY, FATA
...o recurrent devastating flash floods in Khyber Agency, FATA. The study is mainly based on both primary data sources including field observations, structured questionnaire survey and focus group discussions supported by secondary data sources. Three hundred adult residents in five sample villages along Chora River and its tributaries were interviewed by using a structured questionnaire which covered approximately 20% of the t...
Amir Naveed1, Unsia Habib1, Fouzia Parveen2, Syed Naveed Ul Hasan1, Muddasar Habib1, Irfan Shah1
AN INVESTIGATION OF HEAVY AND TRACE ELEMENTS IN COAL DEPOSITS OF MAKARWAL PAKISTAN AND THEIR POSSIBLE IMPACTS ON SURROUNDING WATER-CASE STUDY
...l section D (Mk-D) and Gula-khel section E (Gk-E). It was observed that, these coalfields contain arsenic (As) ranging from 3.0–16.34mg/kg, cadmium (Cd) 2.23–4.61 mg/ kg, Co 22.1–29.3 mg/kg, Cr 113.1–288.2 mg/kg, Cu 8.53–23.2 mg/kg, Fe 1133–10813 mg/kg, Ni 44.35–148.8 mg/kg, Pb 18.49–46.25 mg/kg and Zn 25–242 mg/kg. Moreover, the Mk-D coal samples had the high concentration of Ni, Cr, As, and Cd. Howev...
Shahid Hussain Abro
ROLE OF MN ATOMS ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF LIGHT WEIGHT CHQ STEEL
...lloying elements always play a crucial role in any steel grade to change the mechanical properties and each element plays his role. The present work has been performed to reveal the role of Mn atoms on tensile properties of experimental steel. Two steels were chosen A and B, in steel A no Mn was present but in steel B Mn was present. Both steels were heat treated at 850°C and 1175°C for 1hr holding tim...
Uzma Nawaz1*, Muhammad Iftikhar Khan1, Muhammad Naeem Arbab1
TECHNO-ECONOMICS OF UPS SYSTEM AS BACKUP POWER SOURCE DURING LOAD SHEDDING
...rises in Pakistan of the last two decades has forced electricity consumers to use backup power sources based on portable generator sets and Un-interrupted Power Supply (UPS) devices. In order to maintain continuity of supply to basic appliances such as lights and ceiling fans, the majority of consumers use UPS with battery backup due to its less initial cost compared to portable generator sets. Following the increased use of battery based UPS&nb...
Qazi Salman Khalid1, Muhammad Abas1, Mudassar Rauf2, Mirza Jahanzaib2, Shahid Maqsood1
HYBRID PARTICLE SWARM ALGORITHM FOR SCHEDULING IN CELLULAR MANUFACTURING SYSTEM- A CASE STUDY
...gn: justify;"> Cellular Manufacturing System (CMS) lies in the heart of lean manufacturing with goal of producing the wide variety of products as efficiently as possible. Increase in customer demand for more customized products had forced industries to shift to CMS. Once CMS has been established scheduling becomes one of the challenging task. So, in present work, a real case study based on scheduling problem in CMS is presented and a hybrid particle swarm...
Sikandar Bilal Khattak, Iftikhar Hussain, Rashid Nawaz
EVALUATING THE SOCIAL ASPECT OF SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION FOR PAKISTAN VIA ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS
...nbsp;of the definition related to sustainability, sustainable development, and sustainable construction relies on economy, environment and society. This makes social aspect (society) to be of prime importance. This paper focuses on the social aspects of the sustainable construction. Most of the sustainability studies are carried out through questionnaire or interviews. Similarly, this papers also uses the ques...
Saman Shahid1, Shahid Ali1, Muhammad Abdullah Ahmad1, Sarfraz Munir2
RE-DESIGNING AND OPERATIONAL ANALYSES OF THE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT CONTROL IN IRRIGATION CANAL NETWORK
...etwork is a tiresome and laborious work, where engineers spend months to design canals. Over the years, engineers and agriculturists in the Punjab have been trying to find a solution to the sediment transport problem which occurs in existing irrigation system. To address these problems, the canals can be analyzed to point out the flaws in design and operation mechanism. This study used a Physics based mathematical model, whi...
Majid Ashraf, Mohammad Haseeb Zafar, Tariqullah Jan
EFFICIENT ROUTING SCHEME FOR UNIDIRECTIONAL LINKS IN MULTI-HOP NETWORKS
...ting paths even though a large number of unidirectional links are present in the network. The results depict that the routing scheme is able to reduce the delay and routing overhead compared with the already available routing scheme like AODV and AODV-Blacklist. The performance of proposed routing scheme called Active Reverse Route (ARR) s...
Muhammad Qasim Khan1*, Syed Athar Masood1 and Shahzad Naeem Qureshi2
REFORMULATION OF PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT MODEL FOR PUBLIC SECTOR AUTOMOBILE REBUILD ORGANIZATIONS
...organizations was reformulated. Proposed model when implemented holistically in rebuild organizations can produce positive results whereas implementation of proposed practices in piecemeal/isolation may not accrue true and optimal outcomes. The findings of this research will facilitate top and middle management to enhance productivity and output of public sector automobile rebuild organizations of developing c...
Muhammad Shahzad1, Arif Iqbal Umar1, Syed Hamad Shirazi1, Muhammad Tariq Pervez2*, Zakir Khan1, Waqas Yousaf1
HCDP: HEPATITIS C DATA BANK OF PAKISTAN
...nded RNA strand and circular in shape. The hepatitis C virus is substantial threat to the public health and its frequency is increasing rapidly all over the world. Approximately 5 online databases are available related to Hepatitis C virus. All these databases mainly concerned their national level/specific demographic region strains for analysis. No HCV database avai
Ahmad Khan1*, Yasir Mehmood2
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FOR MACHINE TYPE COMMUNICATION AND INTERNET OF THINGS IN MOBILE NETWORKS
...es (MTCDs), but the cellular mobile networks are almost available everywhere and therefore it is considered the best mean for interconnecting MTCDs. The cellular mobile networks are primarily designed for providing broadband services while most of the MTC data traffic is narrowband. Several types MTCDs send data in the form of small packets. It is expected that millions of M...
Nashitah Alwaz1, Safdar Raza1*, Sadaqat Ali1
A COMMUNICATION-FREE SIGNAL GENERATING TECHNIQUE FOR REACTIVE POWER CORRECTION IN ISLANDED MICROGRID
... impedances and uncontrollable power coupling issues. Many techniques have been proposed to share power accurately, most of them rely on communication
link. In this work a localized/communication free signal generating mechanism is proposed. The mechanism injects the transient reactive power in frequency droop characteristics by observing the changes in microgrid. This injection disturbs the actual active...
Zawar Hussain Khan1*, T. Aaron Gulliver2, Khizar Azam3, Khurram Shehzad Khattak4
MACROSCOPIC MODEL ON DRIVER PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR AT CHANGES IN TRAFFIC
...ogies with the ideal gas law. A traffic constant is proposed which considers both physiological and psychological driver behavior. Physiological behavior is the time taken to observe and process local traffic conditions and then initiate actions while psychological behavior includes the attitude and awareness of a driver. Thus, the traffic constant encompasses the perception, awareness, attitude, and reaction of a driver. The proposed model is e...
Shakil Rehman Sheikh1*, Zafar Ullah Koreshi1, Nouman Ghafoor1, Muhammad Shahid Khalil1, Muzzamil Ghaffar1
MITIGATING CO2 EMISSIONS OF ACADEMIC BUILDINGS IN PAKISTAN USING ENERGY CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES
...ol was gathered from available records as well as measured using an in-house developed metering device that recorded the electric consumption data on hourly bases. Building energy simulations were also carried out using TRNSYS© software for validating and comparing the actual energy consumed and optimal energy consumption resulting from building energy simulation of the existing ...
Shakir Azim1*, Sahar Noor1, Rehman Akhtar1, Qazi Salman Khalid1, Tufail Habib1, Usman Ghani2
SETTING OF PROCESS PARAMETERS AND EFFECT OF MOULD QUALITY ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF PHARMACEUTICAL CUP OF POLYPROPYLENE
...s for the production of plastics components. It is a rapid process and is bring into utilization to produce bulk of identical products ranging from high precision engineering articles to disposable consumer products. As of late, the production of plastic items has expanded quickly in light of the fact that plastic items are low in price, l...
Altaf Hussain Rajpar1, Abdul Hameed Memon1, Mohammad Akram Shaikh2, Weimin Zhang3
HAND-EYE COORDINATION FOR OBJECT GRASPING TASK OF HUMANOID ROBOT (BHR-02)
...v>Hand-eye coordination play vital role in object grasping task of humanoid robot. A method proposed for hand-eye coordination addresses four distinct problems i) Integration of vision control and motion control ii) hand-eye coordinate transformation iii) orientation of hand with target object iv) hand-eye localization. For hand localization and to limit the orientation problem a blue colored rectangle block was pasted on the robot hand. Th...
Riaz Sayed1, Khizar Azam1, Waqar Shah1, Inayat Babar1, Hamidullah1, and Sahar Noor1
A REVIEW OF DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF FATIGUE
...nd drowsiness, Fatigue related countermeasures from various sources along with their merits are discussed. The Center for Intelligent Systems Research (CISR) of the George Washington University conducted an experiment at their Vehicle Simulator Laboratory to study driver drowsiness. Results of this study and description of the algorithm are provided. A comprehensive list of references is provided at the end.
Nisar Mohammad1, Mohammad Mansoor Khan1
RECOVERY OF TALC FROM TALC- CARBONATE SCHIST OF SWAT EMERALD MINES, NWFP, PAKISTAN
...lcum powder products available in the local market including pharmaceutical grade talc was carried out for comparison with Swat raw- talc under study and to know the level of impurities in it. The results revealed that Swat emerald mines talc rock contains calcite, magnesite, dolomite, muscovite and quartz as impurities. Talc content in the original rock ranges from 60 to 65% and possible to liberate at grind size of 45 microns. Flotation t...
Asad Naeem Shah1,2, GE Yun-shan1, HE Chao1,3
MACROSCOPIC SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS OF DIESEL AND BIODIESEL-DIESEL BLEND: AN EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON
...of the fuel spray particularly spray length and cone angle play a significant role not only in the temporal sequence of clean and efficient combustion, but also in the control of engine exhaust emissions and efficiency optimization. This paper investigates the effect of injection duration and ambient pressure on spray development, spray tip penetration (L) and cone angle (β) of biodiesel-diesel (20%/80%:&...
Abdul Shakoor1, R.A. Sayed2, Khizar Azam2
KNOWLEDGE BASE TECHNOLOGIES AS A NEW PARADIGM IN DATA DRIVEN MANUFACTURING SYSTEM
... process for making circular shapes and explores the manufacturability of the required designed product. The KBS is an expert system, used to select the suitable process and cutting tools by defining the constraint values into the system. The KBS is designed using E2KS, the state of the art software and knowledge capturing techniques. The machining examples are used to demonstrate the implementation of the system and how it will provide a b...
Amjad Ali1, Hong Luo1, Khalid Saifullah Syed2, Muhammad Ishaq2
A PARALLEL DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN CODE FOR COMPRESSIBLE FLUID FLOWS ON UNSTRUCTURED GRIDS
... to efficiently simulate the flow physics of the problems considered, including subsonic and transonic compressible inviscid fluid flows around two well known benchmark airfoils. The parallel discontinuous Galerkin method is presented for distributed memory parallel computing architectures, specifically considered cost effective compute clusters, composed of mass-market-commodity-off-the-shelf (M2COTS) computer hardware components inte...
Iftikhar Ahmad1, Sahar Noor1
CHARACTERIZATION OF CERAMICS WALL TILES USING LOCAL TALC AS A FLUXING AGENT
...neral, is abundantly available in Pakistan. Internationally talc is used with other raw materials to produce wall tiles. But due to difference in mineralogical locations of the local talc and other raw materials, a local optimum wall tile composition was needed which can lead to the utilization of abundant talc resources in Pakistan. Considering this fact, here, several different compositions are arranged and analyzed. The variation within ...
Laiq Khan1, Sidra Mumtaz2, Kamran Javed3, S.W. Shah4, M.I. Khan Babar5, S.R. Akbar6
GENERATORS MAINTENANCE SCHEDULING USING HARMONY SEARCH ALGORITHM
... search algorithm is a relatively new meta-heuristic technique. It is used to solve multi-objective optimization problems. Generators maintenance schedules (GMS) play the most significant role for the economical and reliable operation of a power production system. This paper presents the application of harmony search (HS) algorithm for solving generators maintenance scheduling problem. HS algorithm is qui...
Farah Mahmood1, Mohammad Inayatullah Babar1, Syed Waqar Shah1, Hamid Ullah1, Riaz Akbar Syed1
GPS ASSISTED HANDOFF IN OVERLAPPING IPv6 WLAN WITH MULTIPLE CoA
...n lead to serious delays. In this paper we present a unique approach for handoff when mobile node moves into a foreign network. We have utilized GPS (Global Positioning System) for gathering location information and multiple care of addresses handoff assistance.
...
Faizullah Mahar1, Syed Saad Azhar Ali1, Abid Karim1
DESIGN OF FIXED ORDER ROBUST CONTROLLER USING H∞ -NORM AND EVOLUTIONARY TECHNIQUES: COMPARISONS AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
...r than that of the plant and it is complex in nature as well. Moreover, in these design methods the order of controller cannot be fixed a priori to control law design. In industrial applications it is hard to execute these controllers practically. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes the use of evolutionary techniques (i.e. genetic algorithm and immune algorithm) for the designing of a low, fixed...
Adnan Ali Khan,* and Shahrukh Khalid**
CAPACITY ESTIMATION OF SIMO SYSTEMS IN THE PRESENCE OF CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE
...-output (SIMO) cellular mobile communication systems in interference limited environment. The performance is analyzed by calculating the ergodic capacity and hence the spectral efficiency for Rayleigh fading SIMO channel in the presence of unequal power Rayleigh fading co-channel interferes. Expressions for evaluating system’s capacity using maximum ratio combining (MRC) are presented. The analytica...
Usman Ali Naeem*, Hashim Nisar*, Habib-ur-Rehman** and Naeem Ejaz*
DEVELOPMENT OF FLOOD DISCHARGE MODELS USING GIS
...istan and it is also the largest river of the country. The approximate length of the river is 3180 kilometers and its drainage area exceeds 1165000 km2. Having in view the worth of Indus River and its socio economic implication on Pakistan it was planned to carry out research work on upstream of Terbela from Kachura. The intended approaches of this work were to generate empi...
Arshad Habib Malik*, Aftab Ahmed Memon** and Muhammad Rafiq Khan***
DYNAMIC MODELING AND CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
...tor)-type nuclear power plant is presented in this paper. The nonlinear dynamic model of PHWR power reactor is developed based on reactor, logarithmic amplifier, moderator level control valve and reactivity system. The nonlinear model is characterized by 15 state variables and one input. This higher order nonlinear model is linearized at full power operating point. A standard higher order state space model is realized for controller design ...
Muhammad Shaheen*, Muhammad Shahbaz*, Zahoor ur Rehman* and Sajid Mehmood*
A METHOD OF DATA MINING FOR SUSTAINABLE HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION
...">Sustainability needs balance in ecology, economy and social justice. The world in this century is badly suffered by unsustainable development causing recession crisis, manpower crisis etc. Energy is vital for economy of a country so it has sound impact on sustainable development. In any country energy is explored to meet consumption requirements and it is consumed in accordance with available reserves. In Pa...
S.W. Shah*, M.I. Babar*, L. Khan**, M.N. Arbab*, H. Ullah*** and R.A. Syed***
RELIABLE MULTICAST IMPLEMENTATION IN JAVA
...ts may occasionally be delayed, lost, duplicated, or delivered out of order. One of multicast’s weaknesses is its lack of reliability due to its use of UDP for data transmission. Reliable transmission means that there should be no packet loss, no disordering and no duplication of packets at the receiver side. The focus of this paper is to implement Reliable Multicast using Java, which is mainly used...
Rafi Javed Qureshi* and Iftikhar Hussain**
INTERNATIONALIZING MANUFACTURING SMEs IN A DEVELOPING REGION: AN EXHAUSTIVE CDA-BASED EXPLORATORY APPROACH
...s in understanding the relationship with SME’s exporting. Categorical regression overcomes the limitations of both contingency table method and binary logistic regression in exploring this relationship, and provides substantive space to experiment and investigate the contributory role of export-enabling factors when data size is small.
...
Rashidullah*, Irshad Ahmad**
SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS OF ISLAMABAD
...ed out for the city of Islamabad using both deterministic and probabilistic approach. Earthquake catalogue compiled by National Engineering Services Pakistan (NESPAK) for the period of (1505-2006) has been used. All Quaternary faults in the vicinity of Islamabad have been considered for deterministic hazard analysis. Seismic zoning map of NESPAK has been utilized in the research. Earthquake catalogue cont...
Muhammad Waseem*, Irshad Ahmad**, Muhammad Asif Khan**
DETERMINISTIC SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS AND SELECTION OF TIME HISTORIES FOR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS FOR A SITE IN SWABI
...egions of the world. The latest destructive 2005 Kashmir earthquake of magnitude 7.6 struck the northern part of Pakistan which caused death toll of about a hundred thousand people and monitory losses of about five billion US dollars. After this earthquake, most of research activities were directed to define earthquake hazard. However, amongst other problems in those studies, one hard decision is the use ...
Samet Hasan Abaci1,*, Hasan Onder1, Mustafa Sahin2 and Esra Yavuz3
...ing. Therefore, modeling lactation curves with appropriate and precise equations are of great importance for obtaining estimates. Lactation curves have different tendencies in different breeds. To examine the tendencies and differences Jersey (J), Brown Swiss (BS) and Holstein Friesian (HF) breeds which are commonly raised in Turkey were used in this study. This study aimed to statistically determine the optimal position and number of knots in cubic spline reg...
Kadir Karakuş1, Turgut Aygün2, Şenol Çelik3, Mohammad Masood Tariq4*, Muhammad Ali4, Majed Rafeeq4 and Farhat Abbas Bukhari4
... growth of Karakaş male lambs raised in intensive conditions and to build the forecasting model of live weight in lambs using 4 data mining CHAID, Exhaustive CHAID, CART, and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS). Effects of genotype and some environment factors such as birth type, dam age, lamb’ age in control and live weight on testis characteristics were also researched...
Parakriti Gupta1, Kapil Goyal2 and Mini Pritam Singh3*
Hepatitis E Virus and Zoonosis
...munosuppressed and transplant patients where prolonged virus shedding has been documented. The conventional diagnosis is established by detection of HEV antigen or anti-HEV IgM in acute sera. However, the detection of HEV RNA is important to establish the diagnosis in immunosuppressed patients. In transplant patients, decrease in immunosuppression is usually done, however ribavirin therapy has also shown a definitive role. T...
Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta1,2*, Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar3*, Muhammad Shoaib4, Wangyuan Yao3, Muhammad Asif5, Shah Nawaz6, Moazam Ali7 and Ayesha Kanwal8
Exploratory Study on the Psychological Impact of COVD-19 on Students
... of the COVID-19 and similar pattern was noted about depression (54.86%). About 57.5% students were willing to take part in online classes, and only 23% found to have some sort of online learning experience. Students were willing to join the volunteer force (82.3%) if they were asked in case of emergency. During COVID-19 outbreak, students should be provided individual social support and urge to obey the precautionary measur...
Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh1,2*, Mohammad Tufazzal Hussan3, Md. Abul Hashem2,4, Mohammad Eliyas5 and A.K.M. Mostafa Anower1
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Infection: An Emerging Threat to Cattle Health in Bangladesh
...nd the appearance of nodular lesions in the skin covering all parts of the body. LSD is currently endemic in many African countries and causing significant economic losses. LSD has recently spread out of Africa into the Middle East region, and still continuing to spread other territories of the world. In September 15, 2019 the first occurrence of LSD outbreak in Bangladesh has been reported to the OIE (World Organization for...
Dibyendu Biswas1*, Shib Shankar Saha2, Shankar Biswas3 and Md. Abu Sayeed4
Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease of Cattle in South-West Part of Bangladesh and its Clinical Management
...south-west region of Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was developed and data were collected from the two upazila (Monirampur and Abhaynagar) at Jessore district. A total of 52 small house-holds and 183 cattle were observed the study period from 15 June to 15 August 2019. LSD was diagnosed on the basis of present clinical signs guided by the OIE manual. All data were analyzed by Epi Info 7 and SPSS statistical software....
Mehwish Liaquat1*, Arshad Mahmood Malik1, Muhammad Ishaq1, Hafiz Muhammad Qasim Ashraf2 and Ismara Naseem1
...the experiment. Growth related parameters such as shoot length, root length; stem diameter and number of leaves were observed at 30 days aged seedlings in coco peat media. The experiment was executed according to completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the data. Significant changes were observed in growth parameters among different tomato varieties. Data were collected on germination percentage a...
Javed Iqbal1, Ali Zohaib1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Iftikhar Ahmad1, Adnan Bashir1, Wardah Muzaffer2, Naeem Faisal1, Muhammad Tahir Latif1 and Sami Ullah1
...arieties (Lasani-08, Faislabad-08, Millat-11, AARI-11 and Punjab-11) were sown on different sowing dates (November 01, November 15, November 30 and December 15). Yield and related traits of all varieties were decreased by delayed sowing. Early sown crop (November 01) had maximum emergence which decreased gradually with dela
Markus I. Francis1*, Paul I. Ankeli2, Clara N. Kwanashie1, Jibril Adamu1, Lushaikyaa Allam1, Mashood A. Raji3, Godwin O. Egwu4, Flavio Sacchini5 and Massimo Scacchia5
Detection of Mycoplasma bovis from Cattle Presented for Slaughter in Adamawa and Taraba States, Northeastern Nigeria
...xt-align: justify;">Mycoplasma bovis is the second most important mycoplasmas causing a variety of diseases in cattle worldwide. This study was aimed to report the PCR identification of M. bovis from slaughtered cattle in northeastern Nigeria. Four hundred and eighty (480) samples of lung tissues (180), nasal swab (180), ear swab (60) and pleural fluid (60) were collected from 190 heads of...
Sikander Hiyat1, Nazim Hussain1, Muhammad Ishaq Asif Rehmani2*, Muhammad Nasir Abbas2, Smana Raza3, Javed Shabbir Dar4 and Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir5
..., widely used growth regulator in cotton fields to increase crop yield. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of growth regulator (mepiquat chloride) and row spacings on growth and yield attributes of cotton. The experiment was conducted on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement. Three levels of row spacing (25 cm, 50 cm, and 75 cm) were arranged in main plots, whereas, mepiq...
Hina Imtiaz1*, Salma Khalid2, Kashaf Riaz1, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3 and Zubair Rehman4
...ng in the vicinity of Nullah Lai stream. Water samples were collected from different points of the stream and tested for basic parameters like color, odor and turbidity while EC, pH and TDS were checked on-site by portable water quality meter. The assessment of heavy metal concentrations i.e. Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), Zinc (Zn), Mercury (Mg) and Cadmium (Cd) were carried by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Significant concentratio...
Uzma Arif1, Sadar Uddin Siddiqui2, Muhammad Fareed Khan1, Muhammad Arshad3 and Shakeel Ahmad Jatoi2
...ation Institute, NARC, Islamabad. Forced seed ageing was carried out at 25, 30, 35 and 40°C for Day-one (D1) through day-six (D6) of incubation period. Observations were recorded for percent germination, shoot length (cm), root length (cm), fresh seedling biomass (g) and dry seedling biomass (g); revealing significant differences at all temperature regimes, controlled incubation period for ageing as well as their interaction. Rising temperatures was much s...
Sinan Uzundumlu1, Yesim Buyukates1,*, Murat Yigit2, Musa Bulut2, Rıdvan Kaan Gurses1 and Barbaros Celikkol3
...ignificant positive correlation with TP, indicating that TSS was supported by fecal pellets or unused fish feed in the cage system. MDS analysis results showed that TSS, chlorophyll-a and TP were similar throughout the sampling period. The study showed that copper alloy cage system did not have any negative impact on the marine system, compared with the limits provided by FAO, EPA, WPCR and RTMAF as well as with previously c...
Fang Liu*
...ed in the ventral hypothalamus, plays important roles in axon guidance and in vasculature guidance of the developing hypothalamus. Here, using ex vivo analyses in chick, we show that FGF10 exerts concentration dependent functions in angiogenesis and hypothalamic axon guidance. At lower concentration of 100ng/ml,...
Ming-Yan Shi2, Xu-Liang Yan1, Ping-Ping Han1, Yu-Jie Tang1 and Hui-Xia Li1*
...e cells (SMSC) are a population of multipotent cells that exist not only during animal infancy, but are also present in the adult mammalian body. Previous studies have indicated that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is involved in the regulation of multipotent cell differentiation and is essential for the regulation of adipogenesis. However, the differentially-expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) invo...
Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal1*, Ijaz Ahmad2, Shahzad Maqsood Ahmed Basra3, Abu Baker Ijaz4, Zahid Hassan Tarar5, Muhammad Ansar6, Umer Iqbal7, Tayyaba Naz4, Bilquees Fatima8, Muhammad Akram9, Allah Wasaya10, Asif Iqbal11, Shakeel Ahmed Anwar12, Khalid Saif Ullah Khan13, Azeem Khalid14, Asif Aziz15 and Rashid Mehmood16
...ld. Maize, a monoecious plant, is adversely affected by high temperature during anthesis. Asynchronous fertilization and pollen desiccation reduce maize yield by reducing grain number and their size. Spray of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), salicylic acid (SA) and ascorbic acid (AsA) may induce heat stress tolerance. Spray of SA, AsA, and H2O2 increased chlorophyll, relative water and nutrient contents, membrane stability index (M...
Ghulam Murtaza1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Muhammad Ashraf Malik2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Ayesha Zafar1 and Sher Muhammad3
...tion leads to salt accumulation in the vicinity of roots which results in reduced yield along with soil deterioration. Organic matter application can prove helpful in keeping the salt level low in root rhizosphere. To check the efficacy of organic matter in mitigating the harmful impacts of salty water irrigation on soil characteristics, this trail was conducted. The irrigation water of 3 different types (canal water and saline water of electrical conductivity...
Muhammad Usama Hameed*, Zulfiqar Ali Gurmani, Sajjad Khan and Allah Bakhsh
...roved lodging-resistant, late-maturing, and high-yielding fodder oats variety developed at Fodder and Forage Research Program, National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC) Islamabad, Pakistan. This variety was selected from material imported from New Zealand for better agronomic characters and improved fodder yield. For initial two years (2006-07 and 2007-08) selections were made, and head...
Zahid Hassan Tarar1, Muhammad Salik Ali Khan2*, Shahzada Munawar Mehdi3, Raza Salim4, Irfan Ahmad Saleem1, Saima Nazar5, Munir David2, Tahir Majeed6, Muhammad Sufyan Mughal7, Muhammad Saleem8, Umer Iqbal9, Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal10 and Muhammad Khalid Shaheen3
...rient status at a particular site. This study was conducted to quantify and visualize the spread of plant available micronutrients in district Mandi Bahauddin. Total 1194 georeferenced soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-15cm maintaining a sampling grid cell size of 10-acres (40469 m2) throughout the sampling area. These samples were analyzed for pla...
Guang-Hui Tan, Yi-Yu Zhang*, Yuan-Yu Qin, Lei Wu and Jie-Zhang Li
...lesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) plays a crucial role in the synthesis of bile acid, fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism in human and rodent. However, a little was known in the literature on the question of the effect of CYP7A1 gene on poultry lipid homeostasis. This study was performed to investigate the effect of the polymorphisms of CYP7A1 gene on lipid traits in Tianzhu Black M...
Matiullah Khan1*, Humera Arif2, Muhammad Rasheed2, Motsim Billah3 and Shoaib Ahmad1
...ave an impact on the availability of phosphorus from these rocks. The experiment was therefore planned to revisit the formulation of SSP for various Hazara locations’ rock, for obtaining maximum available P. Three main locations’ rock phosphates; Guldania, Kakul and Paswal was collected and ground at 160 mesh level with ± 30% total P2O...
Haiyan Yang1, Hongxia Liu1, Wenlong Wu1*, Weilin Li2 and Lianfei Lyu1
...s a limiting factor for plant cultivation in many areas of China. In present study, the blackberry cultivar ‘Hull Thornless’ was chosen for drought stress analysis. All plants were grown in pots under greenhouse conditions, and were subjected to 20-day drought stress by withholding irrigation, followed by re-watering for 5 days. The changes in leaf water content (LWC), electrol...
Roni Koneri1*, Meis Nangoy2 and Pience V. Maabuat1
...ze: small;">Dragonflies play an important role in an ecosystem and can serve as control agents of agricultural insect pests. Dragonflies can be used as bioindicators for evaluating environmental changes in long-term studies (biogeography) and short-term studies (conservation biology). This research study was aimed to analyse the composition and diversity of dragonflies in Tunan Waterfall area, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Samp...
Faruk Çolak1 and Ferhat Matur2,3,*
...nd mole rats (Nannospalax sp.) are obligate subterranean rodents known for their remarkable chromosomal variation. In the present study, we investigated whether the structure of seismic signalling is different between the two species found in Turkey, Nannospalax leucodon and the N. xanthodon and whether it is associated with ecological, sex, temporal and chromosomal peculiarities. A cytotype of N. leu...
Magbolah Salem Helal Alzahrani
...ablished as a medicinal plant. There are many different species of chamomile, the two most common being German chamomile (Marticaria chamomilla) and Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile). The use of chamomile has been associated with calming and anti-inflammatory properties. The plant’s healing properties come from its flowers, which c...
Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Sher Bahadar Khan2, Shakoor Ahmad2, Irshad Ahmad3, Kashif Prince1*, Ghazunfar Rashid1, Mahboob Ali1, Imdad Ullah Khan4, Asad Ullah5, Naimat Ullah4, Muhammad Shoaib2 and Said Sajjad Ali Shah2
...typic Analysis of all isolates from infected sheep was performed. Results showed, 53.27% isolates showed infection of CP type A, 10.28% of type B and 36.44% of type D. Animal infected with different serotypes (A, B, and C) were categorized into two groups healthy and diseased to compare the hematological and biochemical parameters. Hematobiochemical analysis indicated that mean erythrocyte count (RBC) and hemoglobin l...
Cheng Zhao1,2, Jianghong Ran2*, Bin Wang2,3, Qin Shi4 and Marwan M.A. Rashed1
...nt panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca is one of the most iconic mammals in the world. The species has experienced declines in its habitat and population due to human disturbance. To protect this species, we investigated the relationship between giant panda habitat use intensity and human disturbance density in the Daxiangling Mountains. The results indicated that, among multiple kinds of ...
Olga Mikhailovna Blinnikova1*, Vadim Anatolyevich Babushkin1, Lyudmila Gennadievna Eliseeva2 and Galina Severyanovna Usova3
Modeling a Formulation and Assessment of the Consumer Properties of the Special Purpose Starch Drink
...g of a hydrolyzate of collagen as a component of the enriched foodstuff opens unlimited opportunities of production of the goods for functional, medical preventive and medical purposes, capable to fill the shortage of collagen and to stimulate the human body to produce its own protein. Drinking kissel is a perspective product type for enrichment the CCR (Central Chernosem Region’s) f...
Syeda Farzana Bibi* and Siraj-ud-Din
Fluorescence Analysis, Extractive Values and Cytotoxic Screening of Crataeva adansonii DC Leaf and Bark through Brine Shrimp Larvae Assay
...dansonii is a medicinal plant and many folklore uses of this plant are well known to us. Pharmacognostic studies like finding extractive values and nutritional values play a vital role in the determination of adulterated or exhausted drugs. It lays down parameters for authentication and standardization of drugs. The cytotoxic study helps in the evaluatio...
Kamran Ghasemi1*, Mostafa Emadi2, Asghar Bagheri3 and Mehdi Mohammadi1
Casing Material and Thickness Effects on the Yield and Nutrient Concentration of Agaricus bisporus
...gn: justify;">The casing layer material and thickness are so important operational steps in button mushroom production potentially leading to the variation in yields and nutritional characteristics of mushroom. Four casing layers comprising commercial casing soil (CCS), spent compost (SC), coco peat (CP) and vermicompost in three thicknesses (2, 4 and 6 cm) were evaluated in this study for production of Agaricus bi...
Waqar Majeed1, Naureen Rana1, Elmo Borges de Azevedo Koch2* and Shahla Nargis1
...bles in two different wetlands sites was estimated and study was performed on monthly basis for a whole year. The arthropods were collected by sweep net, direct hand picking, forceps. For each sampling day in each month, 20 sweeps were randomly taken in each block. The insects at rest or on shrubs were manually collected. Overall, 5867 individuals were recorded pertaining to 152 species. Among the arthropods collected from two fields, number of the order Dipte...
Mazhar Abbas1*, Kishwar Jam1, Rashid Iqbal Khan1, Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye2, Tariq Rafique3 and Zahid Mahmood4
...olyphenolics and biostimulants are used across the globe for enhancing productive and qualitative tarits of horticultural plants. A field trial was carried out in 2018-19 aiming at the evaluation of impacts of new commercial products “Quantis” and “Acevit-C” on growth, yield and antioxidative behaviour of bottle gourd cv. Aakash F1. Three level of Quantis (6 ml, 8 ml, 10 ml) and Acevit-C (100 ppm, 150...
Mahak Fatima1, Memoona Syed1, Rabia Zeeshan2, Farah Rauf Shakoori3, Naveed Shahzad4, Moazzam Ali1 and Zeeshan Mutahir1*
...size: small;">Nudix hydrolase 1 (NUDT1) or human MutT homolog 1 (MTH1) catalyzes the conversion of oxidized purine nucleotides to their monophosphate forms, thus preventing their incorporation into DNA and subsequently to oxidative damage. The present study explores the relationship between MTH1 gene silencing and its outcome on the growth of gemcitabine resistant breast cancer cells named MCF7-R. For this purpose, we...
Maryam Yousaf1, Naveed Shahzad2, Zeeshan Mutahir1 and Moazzam Ali1*
...TPases are important regulators of intracellular trafficking, having distinct intracellular localisation for controlling endocytic, exocytic, and recycling pathways. The impairments in Rab pathways have been linked with drug resistance in various cancers. However, the role of Rab21, an endocytic Rab GTPase, in the emergence of drug resistance is not known. Therefore, we aimed to investigat...
Anum Feroz1, Abdul Rauf Shakoori2 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1*
...nd 6th instar larvae of susceptible laboratory strain (Lab-S) and deltamethrin resistant population (GUW) of stored grain pest, Trogoderma granarium. After exposure to LC20 of bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos and their combinations of 3:1 and 1:3, the activities of total esterases, cholinesterase and carboxylesterase increased significantly in both the 4th<...
Ayesha Noreen1, Amina Elahi1, Dilara Abbas Bukhari2 and Abdul Rehman1*
...llus cereus 3.1S, isolated from pesticide industry effluent, showed maximum growth at pH 7 at 37 °C in LB medium after 24 h of incubation. The strain tolerated As3+ up to 40 mM and also showed resistance against Pb2+ (8mM), Cd2+ (6mM), Cr6+ (6mM), and Cu2+ (10mM). The arsenite oxidase is responsible for the conversion of arsenite (As3+) into arsenate (As5+) and the predominant...
Hamed A. Ghramh,1, 2, 3,Zubair Ahmad 1, 2, 4, Khalid Ali Khan1, 2, 3*and Farhat Khan4
... their affinities with related species are discussed.
...
Mah Jabeen and Amjad Farooq*
...were studied for their relative resistance/susceptibility against aphids, under field conditions for three consecutive crop seasons i.e., 2009-2010, 2010-2011 and 2011-2012. The data on the incidence of aphids were recorded at weekly interval. Host plant susceptibility indices were also calculated. B. napus was found to be susceptible showing maximum popu
Muhammad Khan1, Tehmina Ameer Khan1, Aziz Ud Din2, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1, Irfan Ullah3,*, Kalim Ullah4, Sadia Tabassum1,*
...of German and French population. For the first time, the mt-1888A>G and mt-1811A>G mutation in MT-RNR2 gene have been observed in patients of HCM in the Pakistani population and even not found in the control group of the same families. No mutation in mt-DNA encoded tRNAIle, and tRNALeu genes were observed, the mutations detected in mt-DNA encoded 16S-rRNA gene are the pathogenic mutations a...
Zubair Ahmad1, 2,5, Hamed A. Ghramh1, 2, 3,Khalid Ali Khan1, 2, 3*, Kavita Pandey4 and Farhat Khan5
...nd Lithocolletis virgulata (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Materials about other species viz., Ascogaster acrocercophagus Shujauddin and Varshney and C. (A.) chailini (Walker and Huddleston) have also been recorded. The importance of apico-dorsal spine of metasoma for taxonomy is discussed. An updated checklist of chelonine leafminer parasitoids from the Indian subcontinent is also provided....
Kui Li1, Lijun Li1, Jialun Fu2, Yi He2, Zhaohui Song2, Shuiping Zhou2, Luobu Gesang1* and Rui Liu2*
...ndomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to investigate the efficacy of prophylaxis by administering compound Danshen dripping pills (CDDPs) on acute mountain sickness (AMS). To this end, a total number of 58 healthy low-altitude inhabitants residing in Beijing were randomized to two treatment sequences, receiving either 270mg CDDPs or placebo during an 11-day trip in...
Abdul Waheed*, Asim Faraz, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq
... a preliminary study was launched to highlight some aspects of this farming system prevailing in southern Punjab. For this reason data was collected from 30 households and was subjective to descriptive statistical analysis. The farmer’s family size averaged 6.4±1.6 with average monthly income of Rs. 14322.6±3026.4. These rural household had on the average 11.4±4.5 hens, 2.1±1.1 cocks, 6.9±4.5 chicks, and 4.5±3.4 ...
Ali Hazrat1*, Mohammad Nisar1, Khan Sher2, Jehandar Shah2, Tour Jan1 and Abid Ullah1
Taxonomic and Medicinal Study of Papilionaceae of District Upper Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
... justify;">Twenty seven plant species of the Papilionaceae were collected from Dir Upper, with elevation ranges from 1200-4000 meters during 2015-2017. They were taxonomically determined with the help of key characters, the uses of these native plants were recorded such type of study was concluded for the first time in the selected area of Dir (Upper). In view of the fact that these plant ...
Muhammad Rizwan1*, Bilal Atta1, Ana Maria Marino de Remes Lenicov2, Roxana Mariani2, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Muhammad Tahir3, Misbah Rizwan4, Muhammad Sabar1, Ch. Muhammad Rafique1, Muhammad Afzal5
...e: small;">Diversity of planthoppers and their host plants were studied in the “Kallar” tract of the Punjab, Pakistan (an important growing area of the world for producing Basmati rice). Planthoppers are considered the most important pests of rice. Delphacidae and Cixiidae are families of planthoppers ...
Shagufta Parveen1*, Kousar Perveen1, Muhammad Afzal1, Syed Amir Gilani2, Muhammad Musadaq3
...ition that may have long-lasting impacts on health of the child. The objective of this study was to find out association of malnutrition in infants with the age at which weaning was started. This is an observational, cross-sectional study which was conducted in the Pediatric Medicine Department of DHQ Hospital, Chakwal, Pakistan from January 2020 to February 2020. All infants that presented to the hospital from January 2020 to March 2020 were included in the s...
Erum Bughio1, Ahmed Sultan Jatoi1*, Jibran Hussain2, Muhammad Hayat Jaspal3, Shahid Mehmood2, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq4, Reema Bughio5 and Athar Mahmud2
Comparative Study of Carcass Traits in Four Strains of Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) at 3 to 6 Weeks of Age
...h of intestine were calculated. ANOVA technique was used for data analysis and DMR Test for comparison of means. Significant (p<0.05) differences were observed in mean slaughter and liver weight (g) in quail birds. Significant (p<0.05) differences were noted in keel length (cm) at week 3, 5 and 6 and keel angle at week-3. A significant (p<0.05) effect was observed in mean heart weight at week 3 and 6, gizzard weight...
Oluwatoyin Olagunju1* and Luqman Abiodun Akinbile2
Farmers Perceptions of the Effect of Rural Transportation Systems on Farming Income in Ondo State, Nigeria
...lopment of the rural population. Nonetheless, in Nigeria, the state of rural roads is pitiable, as the development, enhancement and provision of more rural transport systems could be a panacea for the prolonged deplorable and worsening state of rural roads in the country. This study examined the perceived effects of rural transportation systems on farmers’ income in Ondo State, Nigeria. A structured interview was used in eliciting information from 120 fa...
Tehmina Aslam, Shagufta Saeed*, Muhammed Tayyab, Huma Mujahid, Ali Raza Awan, Sehrish Firyal and AbuSaeed Hashmi
...an, rice polishing and molasses for the synthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) by Azotobacter vinelandii. The optimization of different carbon sources and various physical parameters was also performed. Highest yield of PHB was obtained by fermentation of 4% (w/v) wheat bran after 48 h of incubation with 4% (v/v) inoculum volume at pH 7.0 and 37oC. Among different nitrogen sources tested, 0.2% peptone gave ...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,*, Samina J.N. Ahmad1,2,*, Mubashir Ahmad Malik1, Abid Ali1, Muhammad Ali3, Ejaz Ahmad1, Muhammad Tahir2 and Muhammad Ashraf2
...ous important species of large swarms forming of desert locusts found in different regions of the world. In early 2020, in Pakistan, huge swarm of desert locust infestation was observed in different provinces of Pakistan. Precise and correct identification of any pest is very important to start a proper control strategy against it. The current study was conducted to identify and characterize locust species and to determine their association with other swarm fo...
Zhi Yijin, Shao Mingqin* and Li Quanjiang
...rd species, including 4 class I and 3 class II Chinese nationally protected bird species were identified. Of six habitats, 64% (15,435 individuals) of the total number of wading birds counted occurred in water-covered areas. The common crane Grus grus has the widest habitat niche (0.727), utilizing grasslands and farmland after crops were harveste...
He Wenyun, Zhi Yijin and Shao Mingqin*
...rin duck (Aix galericulata) in water systems (Raohe River, Ganjiang River and Xiuhe River) of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Province, China. We recorded 162 individuals and determined 141 by gender: the sex ratio was 1.07. There was no significant male bias (n = 141, p = 0.210). Habitat selection results indicated that Mandarin duck tended to choose habitat with vegetation cover (2.40 ± 0.84) on riverbanks, with shoal proportions of 8.00 &pl...
Gregory Ejikeme Odo1,*, Juliana Ekenma Agwu1, Nkechi Nweze2, Clara Ikegbunam2,Felicia Ekeh N1, Vincent Ejere1, Ngozi Ezenwaji1, Reginald Njokuocha2, Godwin Ngwu1 and Fabian Okafor1
....1px;">days. The flavonoid contents were higher in relative high abundance (+++) more than other constituents such as the cardiac glycosides, steroids, saponins, and tannins are moderate in abundance (other constituents such as the cardiac glycosides, steroids, saponins, and tannins that were moderate in abundance (++). There was a dose duration dependent (p < 0.05) decrease in RBC in all the groups. There were als...
Tao He1,2,3, Cheng-jing Chen4, Jian-guang Qin3, Yun Li1,2, Rong-hua Wu1,2 and Tian-xiang Gao4,*
...indices (Roundness, Circularity, Form-factor, Rectangularity, Ellipticity, Radius ratio, Feret ratio, Aspect ratio and Surface density). Multiple comparisons on shape indices showed that there was no significant difference among the Ying Kou and Dong Ying stocks, possibly due to their similar living habitat in the Bohai Sea. As the distribution zones of these five stocks are much over
Andrei V. Tanasevitch1 and Yuri M. Marusik2,3,4,*
...A new species, Carniella nepalensis sp. n., is described from eastern Nepal. The male of new species is most similar to C. forficata (Gao and Li, 2014) and clearly differs by the shape of the embolus. The type locality of new species is northwesternmost for the genus in Asia.
...
Honghai Zhang1,*, Yao Chen1, Xiaoyang Wu1, Shuai Shang2, Jun Chen2, Jiakuo Yan1, Qinguo Wei1, Xibao Wang1, Yongqiang Lu3 and Huanxin Zhang2
...ll;">The gut microbiota plays an important role in animal performance and the environment. We collected fresh feces of the Tibetan wild ass (Equus kiang) from the Jinan Wildlife World and Qinghai - Tibet Plateau Wild Animal Park. And we divide the sample into Group A (the low altitude area) and Group B (the high altitude area). we studied the basic structure of the gut microbiota by sequencing high throughput sequenci...
Shouguo Yang1, Fen Cheng1, Xiangyu Wu1, YiXuan Xing1, ZhiFeng Gu2 and Xianming Tang1,*
... small;">Length-weight relationship and growth of a marine gastropod mollusk, Hemifusus ternatanus was studied for 36 months under artificial condition. The total shell length (SL), shell width (SW) and total weight (TW) were measured for eight times throughout the experimental period. The length-weight relationship can be expressed as Wt = 0.0734×SL2.7817 (R2 = 0.9924)...
Fei Wang1, Xianlai Zhang1, Youbao Zhong2, Xiaoen Tang3, Xiaofen Hu1,
ShanShan Yang1, Shengwei Zhong1, Zuohong Zhou1, Jin Liu1, Xu Yuan1
and Yong Li1*
...a epithelium is a single layer of columnar epithelium, other structures are relatively complete, and the intestinal villi and glands are distinct in each part of intestine. The localization of VIP is extensive in the intestinal wall, but most typical in the lamina propria and muscular la...
Muhammad Jan1*, Tanveer ul Haq2, Hina Sattar3, Madiha Butt4, Abdul Khaliq5, Muhammad Arif6 and Abdul Rauf7
...se are considered as an alarming issue for the crop production in rainfed areas. Chick pea is deemed to be regarded as a drought sensitive crop. The low water and fertilizer demand and its ability to grow on marginal land is an excellent choice for the farming community. The field trial was conducted with the aspect to screen out the drought-tolerant variety of chick pea keeping in view the physiological and biochemical attr...
Amar Iqbal Saqib1, Khalil Ahmed1*, Abdul Rasul Naseem1, Ghulam Qadir1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1, Muhammad Khalid2, Imtiaz Ahmad Warraich3 and Muhammad Arif4
...and gypsum. The maximum plant height, 1000-grain weight, paddy and grain yield of rice and wheat crops were obtained where the gypsum+ humic acid were used @75 % GR+ HA @ 30 kg ha-1 followed by gypsum @ 100% GR while the chemicals properties of soil (pHs, ECe, SAR) were under the safe limits in both treatments. Gypsum @ 75 % GR+ humic acid @ 30 kg ha-1 reduced the pHs (6.70%), ECe (27.60%) and SAR (54.96%), hydraulic conductivity (9.75%), and bulk density (3.9...
Shikun Ge1, 2, Yanli Yang3, Brindha Chelliappan4, 5, Antonysamy Michael5, Fagang Zhong1 and Xiaoying Zhang1, 2, 3, 4*
...ded 70 °C; IgY was relatively stable in the range of pH 4-10, and the activity was significantly lost beyond this range; IgY had certain resistance to pepsin and trypsin. Among all four purification methods, the IgY antibody titer in liquid egg yolk and egg yolk powder was significantly higher than the other two methods. Moreover, egg yolk powder can prevent bacterial contamination and inactivation due to the formation of sediment. This study provide basic...
Feng-Mei Yang1, Rui Li2, Xiu-Xue Hu3, Yong Liang4, Bo Gao3* and Wei Chen3*
... normal human skin fibroblasts (NHSFs) irradiated by different UVB doses as well as durations, thus unveiling mechanisms underlying HSF senescence induced by Ultraviolet B (UVB). NHSFs treated under different doses (100, 200, 300 mJ/cm2) of UVB with different durations (1, 2, 3 days) were case group, while those without UVB irradiation were control group. Expressions of gene/protein were obtained with real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western...
Ashfaque Ahmed Nahiyoon1*, Nasira Kazi2 and Shahina Fayyaz2
...nx, smaller spicule and clavate tail with distinct radial striae. Belondira paraclava Jairajpur, 1964 is reported for the first time from Pakistan during the present studies on cotton.
...
Aribah Naz1*, Uzma Badar1,Afsheen Arif2*, Zaid Qureshi1, Sondas Saeed1,Erum Shoeb1, Maqsood Ali Ansari1 and Obaid Yusuf Khan1
...cent bacterial strain isolated from gut of Nemipterus japonicus commonly known as Japanese threadfin bream fish.Isolation, temperature optimization for growth and luminescence, growth curve, MTC for heavy metals and antibiotics were determined. Morphological, Biochemical and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing have been done for the identification of the strain. 16S region was amplified by PCR and subjected to DNA seque...
Safia Arbab1, Rehana Buriro1, Shams Uddin Bhugio1, Atta Hussain Shah2, Jamila Soomro3,Qudratullah Kalwar4, Saqib Ali Fazilani1 and Waseem Ali Vistro5*
.... aureus, E. coli, Shigella and Salmonella spp respectively. However, out of 50 sample, 34 (68%) were found to have different bacterial species and 16 (32%) were recorded with pure contamination. At 30 µl of crude Aloe Vera isolated bacterial organisms did not show any susceptibility, whereas at 60 µl, organisms showed quit sensitive reactions. In contrast, ethanol e...
Duo Jing Qiu1,2,3, Xin Yu1,2,3, Mao Jun Zhong1,2,3 and Long Jin1,2,3*
...in temperature, food availability and duration of breeding season in amphibians. Here, we examined differences in somatic condition and testis mass of male Duttaphrynus melanostictus distributed in two altitudes (120 m and 1673 m above sea level) in Hunan and Yunnan Province, southwest China. We found that D. melanostictus displayed signifi...
Zengwen Huang1,2, WuReliHazi Hazihan2*, Baheti Bodai2, Kadyken Rizabek3, Nuralieva Ulzhan3, Omarova Karlygash4, Juan Zhang1 and Yaling Gu1*
...ental conditions and displays strong disease resistance, fast growth, and high cold tolerance. The effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA) on the expression of follistatin inhibin alpha gene (INHα) in YM sheep was analyzed, and the INHα gene was amplified from total RNA of the ovary tissue of YM sheep and was successfully cloned. The eukaryotic siRNA expression vector was constructed with the cloned gene as the target and validated at the cellu
Huma Abbas1*, Nazir Javed1,Muhammad Kamran2, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Hira Abbas3, Ehetisham-ul-Haq2, Abdul Jabbar1, Mehwish Naz1 and Ihsan Ullah4
...pression in nematode population was observed in all the tested chemicals when applied in infested microplots. The results of the present investigation suggest suitable management option for the growers having nematode problem in their field.
...
Yan Zhou1,2, Hai Xia Han1,2, Qiu Xia Lei1,2, Jin Bo Gao1,2, Wei Liu1,2, Fu Wei Li1,2, Jie Liu1,2 and Ding Guo Cao1,2*
...ency of 91.75%. The correlation analysis showed that diplotypes (H1H1, H2H2 and H3H3) were significantly associated with egg production at age of 40W (E40) (P=0.0342) and egg production at age of 43W (E43) (P=0.0184). The egg production at age of 38W (E38), E40 and E43 of H2H2 chickens were all higher than those of the H1H1 and H3H3 chickens. Compared with H1H1 and H3H3 chickens, the highest mRNA levels of VLDLR were found in ovary, 6 mm - 8 mm f...
Arifa Khan1*, Danish Anwar2, Shazia Erum3, Naveeda Riaz1, Shahid Riaz4, Tariq Rafique3 and Zafer Iqbal2
Screening of Exotic Potato Germplasm against Potato Virus PVX, PVY and PLRV through Biological and Serological Test (ELISA)
...er of tubers and shoots plant-1 while CIP-5 was a dwarf genotype with minimum tuber yield. Genotype CIP-6 produced more number of tuber plant-1 but CIP-22 followed by CIP-10 produced the highest tuber yield plant-1. Majority of genotypes produced round shape tuber with yellow, white skin color and cream flesh. Likewise, maximum genotypes had medium to shallow eye tubers except CIP-9 and CI...
Shahzad Malik* and Ayesha Khan
Gap Analysis of Farmers’ Capacity Building by Public and Private Agriculture Extension Sectors in Central Plain Valley of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...nd percentages were calculated whereas paired t-test was applied to compare gap/differences between capacity building of farmers offered by public and private extension services. It was found that the respondents praised private sector in capacity building regarding farm management (59.2%), selection of varieties (54.4%), selection of fertilizers (56.3%), and harvesting techniques (57.4%). There was highly significant (p≤0.01) difference among public and pr...
Muhammad Ismail1, Tufail Ahmad2, Shamsher Ali2*, Shahid Ali1, Nur Ul Haq1 and Naveedullah3
Heavy Metals (Pb and Ni) Pollution as Affected by the Brick Kilns Emissions
...tal content of soil and plants around the brick kiln chimneys was studied in 2009-2010. The research was carried out on Peshawar Ring Road’s south direction between chimneys of bricks preparation that were named A and B with distance of 300 m. The kilns were positioned such that Southern direction of chimney of A was north for the chimney B. A total of 36 (18+18) soil and wheat leaf samples were collected in four directions. Samples were collected at var...
Zubair Ahmad1, 2, 4, Hamed A. Ghramh1, 2, 3,Khalid Ali Khan1, 2, 3*, Farhat Khan4 and Shujauddin5
...mall;">The mutualistic relation between ants and aphids is considered as one of the best examples of inter-specific mutualism between species that produces net benefits for the participants. In this paper, the interaction between aphid M. sacchari and their attending ants on sugarcane (Saccharum officinerum) was studied. The presence of ants, especially, Crematogaster subnuda Mayr. and Camponotus compressus adversely affects the par...
Yan Wen1, Liu Lian2, Zhuang Xun3, Murong Jiaying4, Cui Shuyi1, He Wanwen1, Mai Guanghuai5, Huang Wenzhu1, Chen Gang1,* and Wang Zhijun1,*
...tion-assisted treatment plan for stable COPD based on established guidelines and indoor rehabilitation training for pulmonary function. Outdoor-based rehabilitation therapy was also delivered to the patients in the treatment group in a specially designed garden setting under the guidance of therapists. The training included outdoor-assisted walking training, unassisted walking training, outdoor ladder training, and horizonta...
Ishrat Perveen1, Yasar Saleem2 and Javed Iqbal Qazi3*
...of four commercially available brands (K, S, D and B) were analysed for the simultaneous determination of HCAs i.e. 2-amino-3-methyl-imidazo[4,5-f] quinoline (IQ), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo [4,5-f] quinoxaline (MeIQx) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine (PhlP) using HPLC-UV detector. Quantitative analysis of the control samples (only thawed at room temperature) revealed presence of HCAs in K, S, D and B brands with resp...
Aamir Khan1, Rabia Noushin2, Mohammad Attaullah3, Shahid Naiz Khan1, Rafiqe Hussain4, Farman Ullah Dawar1, Faiz Ur Rehman1, Muhammad Ijaz1 and Kalim Ullah1*
...gemina (26.15%). Similarly rate of positivity for both B. boves (47.12%)andB. bigemina (25.13%) was reported high during summer season.
...
Israr Yasin1, Ismail Qureshi1*, Shahjahn Qaimkhani1, Gulam Mustafa Solangi3, Ismail Qaimkhani1, Ismail Brohi1 and Abdul Ahad Soomro2
A Perspective on Household Dairy Farming in District Naushahro Feroze, Sindh, Pakistan
...were selected from 40 villages in four out of nine Talukas (administrative units) using multistage clustering method. Estimates of the study revealed that 54% of the households possessed buffaloes. Average number of buffaloes was estimated at 4.28 while 376 (63%) of the household reported cattle with average number of 4.38 heads per household. Small numbers of buffalo and cattle bulls were recorded. Average number of 5.55 goats per households was reported by 3...
Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1, Khalil Ahmed1*, Ghulam Qadir1, Amar Iqbal Saqib1, Muhammad Rizwan1, Muhammad Faisal Nawaz1 and Imtiaz Ahmad Warraich2
Impact of Fertilizer and Planting Geometery on Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Yield in Saline-Sodic Soil
...hosphorus (P) rates and planting geometry for the successful garlic production under saline environment. The experimental design was split-plot with three repeats. Three planting geometry (10cm x 20cm, 15cm x 20cm and 20cm x 20cm) and four phosphorus levels i.e. (i) control (no phosphorus), (ii) P (60 kg ha-1) recommended dose (RD), (iii) 125% P of RD (75 kg ha-1) and (iv) 150% P of RD (90 kg ha-1) were used. Observations in...
Muhammad Yaseen1*, Syed Amir Zia Abid1, Muhammad Luqman1, Syed Wasim Hasan2, Muhammad Aqeel Pitafi3, Muhammad Tariq Chaudhry4 and Muhammad Ameen5
Training Needs Assessment of Training Professionals Working in Agricultural Training Institutes in Punjab, Pakistan
...e. Different questions related to demographic attributes, training needs and constraints faced by professionals affecting their performances. Collected data were analyzed with the help for SPSS, results revealed that majority of the were included training professionals did not get any training at national/ international level. Moreover, they were facing many constraints, which affect their performance like limited of financial resources and
Muhammad Ahsan Naseer1, Mehdi Maqbool1, Saima Rafiq2*, Noosheen Zahid1, Abdul Hamid1 and Syed Zulfiqar Ali Shah1
Comparative Analysis of Physical and Biochemical Attributes of Edible Fig (Ficus carica L.) Collected from Three Districts of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Located at Different Elevations
...stify;">Elevation could play a significant role in defining the final quality of fresh fruits. In AJK, fig is grown successfully in hilly areas such as Rawalakot, where the topography of this area is not even as compared to plane areas of this region. Therefore, current study was designed to assess the outcome of elevations on physical and biochemical attributes of wild fig collected from ...
Khalil Ahmed1*, Amar Iqbal Saqib1, Abdul Rasul Naseem1, Ghulam Qadir1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1, Muhammad Khalid2, Imtiaz Ahmad Warraich3 and Muhammad Arif4
Use of Hyacinth Compost in Salt-Affected Soils
...for supply of essential plant nutrients and improving the health of salt-affected soil is a simpler technique. Therefore, present research work was carried out to appraise the efficacy of water hyacinth compost as an ameliorant for improving the deteriorated properties of saline-sodic soil. Treatments included were; T1, control, T2, gypsum @ 100 % GR, T3, gypsum @ 50 % of GR, T4, hyacinth compost @ 15 t ha-1, T5, gypsum @ 50 % of GR + hyacinth compost @ 5 t ha...
Adnan Arshad1*, Huma Qamar2, Ristina Siti-Sundari3, Zhang Yue1, Muhammad Zubair2, Muhammad Ali Raza4, Muhammad Habib-ur-Rehman5 and Lizhen Zhang1*
Phenotypic Plasticity of Spineless Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Cultivars in Response to Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid under Rainfed Climate Conditions
... maturity, maximum seed plant-1, while SA3-C3 resulted in a significant increase in yield and oil content. SA3 and SA4 showed substantial plasticity to maximum phenology parameters of C3, C4, and C5. Safflower treated with salicylic acid could adapt to wide range even though in the extreme weather and drought conditions in rainfed agriculture. Spineless safflower cultivars could be a future way forward as a potential paralle...
Shereen Zulfikar1, Zulfikar Ahmed Maher2, Attaullah Khan Pathan4, Imran Ali Rajput3*, Din Muhammad Soomro1, Muhammad Akbar Lashari1, Arsalan Memon3, Sibghatullah5 and Mir Zehri Khan5
Population Fluctuation and Weight Losses Caused by Khapra Beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts on Different Wheat Varieties
...wder weight (mg) and population of pests emerged. In results, it was observed that the attack of T. granarium was present more or less on all wheat varieties. However, the performance of Marvi and Mehran varieties was found to be resistant against T. granarium and thus recommended for future plantations. The present study will be useful to provide the information for controlling T. granarium on wheat....
Ummad ud Din Umar1, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Ishfaq Ahmed1, Ateeq ur Rehman1, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar2, Sibghat Ullah3, Shah Pasand4, Zehri Khan3 and Abdur Rehman5
Prevalence and Serological Detection of Spiroplasma citri, a Cause of Citrus Stubborn Disease in Southern Punjab, Pakistan
...t-align: justify;">Spiroplasma citri, a fastidious pathogen, is considered as the main cause of Citrus little leaf disease (Citrus stubborn disease) which is not only responsible for the low citrus production in terms of quality and quantity but also moving the citrus industry to down fall in citrus growing areas throughout the world. Current research was organized to study the distribution of disease using the serological based detection methods by conducting...
Iram Bilqees1, Yasir Iftikhar1, Mustansar Mubeen1,2*, Qaiser Shakeel3, Ashara Sajid1, Zahoor Hussain4, Aqleem Abbas2, Muhammad Aamir Sohail2, Judith Jeruto Kiptoo5 and Shehzad Iqbal2
Use of Nutrients and Plant Extract to Manage Okra Yellow Vein Mosaic Disease (OYVMD) in Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
...different nutrients and plant extract. Plant extract and multi-nutrients were used to manage the disease to avoid the hazardous effect of chemicals on human health and being the eco-friendly. Four varieties of okra viz., Indian Rachna, Sabz Pari, Desi Bhindi, and Rama Krishna were grown under RCBD. Five treatments viz., 2% garlic extract, 2% multi-nutrients, silicon (1 and 1.5%) s and water as control were applied. Sabz pari...
Kanwar Muhammad Raheel Mehboob1, Rashid Iqbal2*, Muhammad Israr3,4, Jaweria Shamshad5, Umair Riaz6, Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman7,8, Fawad Ali9, Arif Nawaz10, Maliha Sarfraz11, Abdul Waheed12, Muhammad Tahir Khan13 and Muhammad Aslam2
Assessment of the Consequences of Heat Changes on Cotton Cultivars Growth, Phenology and Yield at Different Sowing Regimes
...valuate the phenology, relative development, ideal sowing time, comparative growth just as yield execution of three cultivars of Bacillus thuringiensis Cotton (Bt. Cotton) at different sowing systems during summer 2015 at cotton research station Regional Agriculture Research Institute Bahawalpur (RARI) Pakistan. The test was directed in an irregular complete block design (RCBD) with a split-plot course of action comprising o...
Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi1*, Ayoola Olugbenga Oladele2 and Ibrahim Maharazu3
Profitability Analysis and Marketing Efficiency of Soyabean (Glycine max) Value Chain among Actors in Abuja, Nigeria
...ation, storage problems, lack of credit facilities, and bad road infrastructures. The retained components observed explained 93.24% of the variations in the component retained in the principal component model. The study recommends that marketers should develop new marketing strategies that will increase their profit margin. The sales price instability as a result of poor marketing arrangement could be addressed if processing...
Hafsa Naheed* and Hidayat-Ur-Rahman
Genotype by Environment Interactions of Vegetative Growth Traits of Bread Wheat Genotypes
... recorded on leaf area, plant height, biological yield and straw yield. Highest plant height was recorded for G02, G31 and G11. The exotic lines included in the study generally had more plant height in Peshawar as compared to other locations. The highest maximum mean for leaf area was observed for G17 and CSA while minimum was observed for G03 followed by G33 and G25. Among the seven envir...
Abid Khan*, Mukhtar Alam, Yousaf Jamal and Hidayat Ullah
Appraisal of Yield and Yield Components of Wheat with Integrated Management of Nitrogen Sources
...016-17. Experiments were laid out using RCBD with 3 replications. Winter wheat variety Pirsabak-2015, as a test crop, was sown on 12th November at same piece of land following same randomized layout each year. Farm Yard Manure (FYM) and Poultry Manure (PM) were used as organic while Urea as inorganic sources of nitrogen. Treatments were N1 (Control), N2 (all added N from Urea), N3 (all add...
Muhammad Jawad1*, Shahid Riaz Malik1, Rana Muhammad Atif2, Haris Ahmed2 and Muhammad Shahzad Afzal3
Species Identification of Gram Wilt Complex through ITS Region by PCR-RFLP Analysis
... Fusarium species. Molecular approach is a useful technique for the identification of wilt complex pathogens. The study conducted to identify the polygenetic association of the pathogens of chickpea wilt complex. Universal Rice Primers based diversity analysis indicates high polymorphism within the collected wilt isolates. Primers ITS 1 and ITS 4 generated internal transcribed spacer fragments that were restricted four restr...
Malik Muhammad Yousaf1, Muhammad Mohsin Raza1*, Mumtaz Hussain1, Muhammad Jahangir Shah1, Bashir Ahmad1, Rao Wali Muhammad1, Sami Ullah2, Adeel Abbas3, Ijaz Ahmed4 and Muhammad Zeshan5
Effect of Balance Use of Fertilizers on Performance of Wheat Under Arid Climatic Condition
...gn: justify;">Nutrients play a key role in crop productivity. A field trial was conducted to evaluate the addition of macro and micronutrients on wheat growth and productivity. The experiment comprised of 10 treatments. The results showed that compared with control, addition of nutrients significantly increased plant height and the highest plant height (86.5 cm) was observed at 86:58:62.5 ...
Talib Hussain Solangi1, Bhai Khan Solangi1*, Muhammad Saleem Sarki2, Muhammad Akbar Lashari1, Mubeena Pathan3, Velo Suthar4, Barkatullah Qureshi4, Mitha Khan6, Razzak Amin Shah5 and Aeman Afzal6
Varietal Preference of Sucking Insect Pests on Mustard Varieties, Sindh, Pakistan
...n 18th December 2017 and lasted on 05th March 2018. Weekly record of the insect pests (whitefly, thrips, jassid and aphid) infestation on mustard crop varieties was maintained. The population of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.), thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.), jassid (Amrasca devastans Dist.) and aphid (Lipaphis erysimi Kalt.) varied significantly among varieties (P<0.05), observation dates (P<0.01) as well as varieties &...
Safina Naz1, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi2*, Bushra Siddique3, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4 and Abdur Rehman5
Exogenous Application of Selected Antioxidants and Phyto Development Directors Influenced the Development, Output and Biochemical Attributes of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.)
...to significantly taller plants and greater leaf area while, shorter plants and lower leaf area was recorded in control. Greater leaf number per plant was obtained with application of GA3(100 ppm). This was followed by salicylic acid (200 ppm). Leaf number was significantly lesser in the plants grown in control. Significantly greater fruit count /p
Safina Naz1*, Muhammad Akbar Anjum1, Bushra Siddique2, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi3*, Sajid Ali1, Hassan Sardar1, Sakeena Tul Ain Haider1, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4, Hajra Azeem3, Sibghat Ullah5, Shah Pasand6 and Zehri Khan5
Effect of Sewage Water Irrigation Frequency on Growth, Yield and Heavy Metals Accumulation of Tomato and Okra
...d and heavy metals accumulation of tomato and okra during 2012 and 2013. A statistical randomized complete block design was applied in the field to perform experiments having three replicates while 03 sewage water irrigation frequency treatments i.e., 5, 10 and 15-days interval. The tomato yield, their growth along with the production of the plant biomass were increased considerably with more repetitive (interval of five day...
Rana Shahzad Noor1,2, Fiaz Hussain2, Irfan Abbas3, Muhammad Umair2, Abu Saad2, Muhammad Umar Farooq4 and Yong Sun1*
Assessing Sustainability of Rainfed Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) Production under Various Soil Tillage Systems: An Energy and Economic Analysis
... of four kind of soil tillage as; No/zero tillage (ZT), conservational tillage (PT), reduced tillage (RT) and conventional tillage (CT) on wheat yield, fuel usage and energy use efficiency under rainfed agriculture systems for Chakwal-50 wheat cultivator at Koont research station of PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Ra...
Tong Zhang1,2, Feng Xu1,*, Ming Ma1 and Peng Ding3
...l rhythm of behavior of black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis) were studied at Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China. The results showed that foraging was the main behavior of cranes in autumn, accounting for 69.07±1.64% of the diurnal time budget, followed by alert (19.38±0.87%), locomotion (5.97±0.49%), maintenance (2.88±0.60%) and other behavior (2.70±0.44%). In addition, we also compared the behavi...
Sehrish Firyal1,*, Ali Raza Awan1, Muhammad Umair Latif1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Muhammad Wasim1, Shagufta Saeed1 and Imaad Rashid2
...ese are bi-allelic molecular markers, easy to interpret and uniformly distributed within genomes. In this study cytochrome b (Cytb) gene based SNPs analysis was employed to genetically characterize the Pakistani domestic breed Lathy pigeon. Cytb haplotype for local domestic breed was developed. Homology analysis of Cytb gene revealed Columbia livia as closest homologue of Pakistani Lathy pigeon with five novel SNPs. Phylogenetic ana...
Shahid Ali*, Aijaz Ali Channa, Waqar Ahmad, Rafia Akram and Imbasat Yousaf
...because of intemperate bilateral abdominal distension. Trans-rectal palpation revealed a taut uterus (bulged, tense and inelastic) and alive fetus. Subsequently upon induced cervical dilatation, 60-70 L of amniotic liquid was expelled out and dam delivered completely developed alive male calf with a gross anomaly (presence of a hole in the skull) which could not survive and died soon after...
Chao Zhao1,2, Sigang Fana2 and Lihua Qiua2,3,*
... small;">Although shrimp larvae are susceptible to many pathogens and water quality and diseases affect commercial shrimp production, the relation between these factors are less studied. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of bacterial dynamics and water quality factors on Penaeus monodon larvae. We recorded the survival rates, water quality (total ammonia, nitrite, and ni...
Muhammad R. Khan1, Bushra A. Rakha1,* and Muhammad S. Ansari2
...stic counts and fin formula. The minimum and maximum range, mean, standard error, percentage of various parameters in total length and head length were estimated. The meristic characters showed very limited or no variation in all four species. A total of 28 specimens, including 6 species belonging to genera Schizothorax and Schizothoraicthys were investigated. The species found in river Swat were Schizothorax plagiostomus...
Hari Prasad Sharma1*, Shova Adhikari1, Yogesh Rai1, Rajkumar Sijapati1, Sapana Chand1, Manisha Karki1, Rubina Thapa Magar1, Ashik Husain1, Khadka Bahadur Khatri1, Melina Karki1, Samiksha Badu1, Sushila Bajracharya1, Somika Pathak1, Rachana Shah2 and Chiranjibi Prasad Pokheral2
...heir role as attractive places for entertainment and recreation. Zoos provide home for different animals that are of common occurrence, geographically rare species, attractive species, trafficked animals seized by the authorities, and injured and orphaned animals. The presence of visitors and their activities affect the behavior of animals in the zoo due to the structural design and the attractiveness of animals. The more attractive bird, ostrich Struthio c...
Muhammad Shakeel1*, Mudussar Nawaz1, Zahid Naseer1, Muhammad Fiaz1, Asghar Khan1, Muhammad Imran Khan1, Awais Ur Rehman1, Ahmad Yar Qamar2 and Ali Raza3
Caprine and Ovine Serological Evidence of Brucellosis in Five Districts of Punjab, Pakistan
... Amongst different Brucella species, Brucella melitensis has the greater zoonotic aspect, hence, it is considered an occupational hazard for small ruminant handlers as well as Veterinarians. The present study reports the seroprevalence of brucellosis in different sheep and goat breeds in five districts of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 1239 serum samples were collected from male (n=73) and female (n=1166) different sheep (n = ...
Murtaza, Shahid Ali*, Syed Attaullah Shah, Mehran Ahmad, Irfan Ullah and Jahangir Khan
Adoption of Hybrid Maize Technology in District Mardan of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...olved in agriculture and land holdings of the farmers affected the adoption of the hybrid maize technology positively. The owners as compared to tenants and farmers having main sources of income other than agriculture were having lower probability to adopt the hybrid maize varieties. This study recommends that the government should facilitate farmers with the subsidized prices of hybrid maize technology and provide them both the informal and formal education c...
Arif Alam1*, Faridullah2, Ikram Shah1, Shahzad Khan3, Noor Elahi1 and Ehsan Inamullah1
Estimation of Farm Level Technical Efficiency in Maize Production at the High Mountain North Region of Pakistan
...ragile and tends to be relatively low productive due to number of factors. Therefore, the present study was aimed to know the opportunities of productivity due to improving the technical efficiency of maize crop, and to determine the factors which influence maize production in high mountains of Pakistan. For this purpose, initially two villages one from District Nagar and other from District Hunza were selected with an aggre...
Inam Ullah1, Mahfooz Khan2*, Munir Khan2, Himayatullah Khan2 and Azra3
Factors Affecting Different Wheat Varieties Yield in District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A Comparative Analysis
...spite the fact, that it plays a vital role in country’s economy. However, wheat productivity in Pakistan still is very inadequate due to some reasons. The present study is focused on inputs used by the wheat growers and its effect on the output of three wheat crops varieties per hectare. Primary data were collected from 150 selected respondents randomly in district Peshawar. For this purpose, the effect of various inputs was separately analyzed using mul...
Dilshad Ahmad1* and Muhammad Afzal2
An Empirical Analysis of Economic Efficiency and Farm Size of Cotton Farmers
...of 240 small, medium and large-scale cotton farmers was estimated using Stochastic Frontier Approach of district Rahim Yar Khan Punjab, Pakistan. Empirical findings of the study indicated that medium farm size cotton farmers were more allocative, technically and economically efficient (0.90, 0.94, 0.85) rather than small farm farmers (0.79, 0.92, 0.76) and large farm farmers (0.70, 0.97, 0.68). Farmers schooling years, forma...
Amit Sharma1* and Pankaj Sood2
Sonographic Assessment of Ovarian Follicular Dynamics during Breeding and Non-Breeding Season in Gaddi Goats
...rences in ovarian follicular dynamics in Gaddi goats. Transrectal ultrasonographic ovarian examinations were carried out during a full estrous cycle in breeding (B; January-February, n=7) and 21 days in non-breeding (NB; May-June, n=11) seasons. Blood sampling on alternate days was done during both the seasons for serum progesterone (P4) estimations. Follicular growth was characterized by presence of three to five numbers of...
Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud1, Yonis Abukar Mohamed2, Osman Sheikh Ali Jama3, Pravin Mishra4* and Mohamed Idiris Mohamed5
Prevalence and Major Pathogens Associated with Clinical and Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Benadir Region of Somalia
...tis was conducted on 150 lactating camels from July to December 2019 to figure out the prevalence of both clinical and subclinical mastitis in lactating camels in the Benadir Region of Somalia and also to recognize the associated microorganisms as causal agents of mastitis. The prevalence of this study was measured by using California mastitis test (CMT). Milk samples were collected from the Deyniile District, Benadir Region...
Md. Aminul Islam1*, A.N.M. Aminoor Rahman2, Mohammad Shah Alam3 and Md. Taimur Islam4
Gastrointestinal Nematodiasis in Quail in Bangladesh
...arming becoming more popular day by day in Bangladesh. Gastrointestinal nematodiasis is an important cause of loss of quail production. Our study report is an attempt to find out the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodiasis in quail in Bangladesh. A total of 200 fecal samples were collected from quail farms from various regions of Bangladesh. The feca...
Pankaj Kumar Jha1,2*, M. Golam Shahi Alam1 and Farida Yeasmin Bari1
Pregnancy and Lambing Rate Following Laparoscopic Artificial Insemination with Two Different Types of Diluent and Frozen-thawed Sperm Dose in Ewes
...f diluent (commercial Triladyl® and home-made tris based) and number of frozen-thawed ram sperm (100 × 106 and 50 × 106 sperm dose) on pregnancy and lambing rate following laparoscopic artificial insemination (LAP-AI) in indigenous ewes in Bangladesh were studied. A t...
Paul Oludare Adetunji* and Safiriyu Idowu Ola
Comparative Productive Performance among three Plumage Varieties of Noiler Hens
...plumage colours (brown, black and barred) were divided into 3 replicates with 10 birds per replicate in each of the variety. Data were collected on the pubertal parameters (age at first egg and crouching behaviour) from 16-22 weeks of age; egg production performance indices (egg weight, hen day egg production-HDEP, feed efficiency-FE/dozen eggs and persistency of lay) from 19-52 weeks of age. Additionally, sexual ornaments&r...
Arshad Ali Essani1, Bhai Khan Solangi1, Muhammad Ilyas Abro2, Sultan Ahmed3, Karim Bakhsh Sial3, Muhammad Saleem4, Ali Asghar Gola5, Ghulam Ali6, Moula Dad6, Mujeeb ur Rehman6, Habibullah Kakar6 and Mitha Khan6*
Comparative Efficacy of Botanical Pesticides against Sucking Insect Pests of Mustard Crop
... reduction in thrips population (30.3%) was observed in plot sprayed with neem seed extract followed by plot sprayed with neem oil (24.47%), tobacco extract (22.00%) and akk plant extract (19.83). Neem seed extract showed higher efficacy (81.01%) against thrips population on mustard crop followed by neem oil (66.13%), tobacco extract (58.20%) and akk pla...
Malik Gul Hassan Awan, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz, Muhammad Ansar, Adeel Anwar, Umber Abbasi and Hashmat Mahmood
Influence of Foliar Application of Mineral Nutrients on Biological Nitrogen Fixation of Rainfed Soybean
...ers increased from 0.12 plant-1 without nutrients spray to 0.99 plant-1 with nutrients spray. Number of pods increased 7.5 % to 45% with foliar application of nutrients. The highest number of pods (74 per plant) was recorded for Ajmeri-1 with foliar application spray. Increase in biomass yield with foliar application of nutrients was 18 % to 112%. The highest biomass yield was 4.8 t ha-1 f...
Mohsin Ali Alias Mehran Khan Solangi1, Gulfam Ali Mughal1, Asad Ali Khaskheli1*, Turab Ali Korejo3, Nazeer Ahmed Rajput2, Qurban Ali Memon3 and Maqsood Ahmed Kumbhar4
Influence of Camellia sinensis on Broilers Performance
... respectively. Maximum relative weight of heart (13.53%), liver (61.1%), spleen (2.26%), proventiculus (58.13%), intestine (102.2%) and fat pad (81.41%) were found in D group (control) and minimum in C group. Mortality percent was equally higher in A group (2%), B (2%) and D (2%) compared to C (1%). Considerable (P < 0.05) variation was seen among A, B, C and D groups for feed and water intake. Prominent (P < 0.05) variation was also noticed for carcass ...
Tabassum Yaseen1*, Shehzad Ahmad1, Khushnood Ur Rehman2, Fayaz Asad1, Abdul Waheed1, Rani Gul3, Hussain Gulab4 and Naveed Akhtar2
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Spore Density and Root Colonization in Weeds of Carrot field at Charsadda, Pakistan
...-align: justify;">Arbuscular mycorrhgizal fungi that forming symbiotic associations with plants through roots. It forms the multi colonization systems with the roots and provide benefits to the host plants. The present study was conducted to evaluate the occurrence and distributions of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizospheric soil of major weeds ...
Rao Wali Muhammad1, Hafiz Muhammad Wasif Ali2*, Amir Hamza1, Muhammad Qadir Ahmad2, Abdul Qayyum2, Waqas Malik2 and Etrat Noor2
Estimation of Different Genetic Parameters in Various Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Genotypes under Field Condition
...i.e. days to flowering, plant height, days to maturity, no. of primary branches per plant, no. of secondary branches per plant, pods per plant, 1000-seed weight and yield per plant of 200 safflower accessions. Analysis of variance and principal component analysis were carried out to estimate the extent of variability f...
Muhammad Arsaln1, Sair Sarwar2*, Rizwan Latif1, Junaid Nawaz Chauhdary3, Munazza Yousra2 and Shahbaz Ahmad2
Effect of Vermicompost and Microbial Inoculants on Yield, Soil Fertility and Economics of Wheat under Rainfed Conditions
...ments and microbial inoculants not only maximize the crop production and economic returns but also improve the soil health. A two years field study was conducted in the farm of Barani Agricultural Research Institute, Chakwal (32o55’33”N, 72 o43’30”E) to evaluate the integrated impact of vermicompost (VC) and microbial inoculants on wheat yield and economics. Eight treatments i.e., control; recommended...
Rabab Rafaqat1, Habib Ahmed Rathore1, Tariq Masud2, Imran Hayat1* and Imtiaz Hussain1
Determination of Different Chemical Constituents of Fruit, Leaves and Oil of Olea cuspidata (Wild Olive) Grown at Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir
...content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of fruit and leaves extracts in these solvents were determined. Oil was extracted from wild olive fruit by the process of solvent extraction and was studied for physicochemical properties like refractive index, specific gravity, pH, free fatty acid, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification number and unsaponifiable matter. Results indicated that fruit and leaves of wild olive grown at Rawa
Abdul Jalal, Abdur Rab* and Naveed Ahmad
Aloe Vera Gel Coating Retains Persimmon Fruit (Diospyros kaki) Quality during Storage at Room Temperature
...l retarded the storage related changes and retained high fruit firmness, acidity and ascorbic acid as well as lower total soluble solids and decay incidence than control fruits. In control fruits (0 days storage + Distilled water treatment), the fruit firmness (3.33 kg cm-2), acidity (0.29%), and ascorbic acid content (46.25 mg/100g) decreased to 0.06%, 16.47 mg/100g and 0.56 kg cm-2, respectively, and the TSS (12.45%) and decay incidence (12.55%) increased to...
Mohammad Javad Golmohammadi1, Hamid Reza Mohammaddoust Chamanabad1*, Bijan Yaghoubi2 and Mostafa Oveisi3
GIS Applications in Surveying and Mapping of Rice Weeds in Guilan Province, Iran
... out in rice farms of Guilan province for mapping and weed distribution using Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies for a period of three years (2014-2016). Echinochloa crussgalli was the more important species in 10 regions of Guilan province. The Langarud and Rudsar regions each with 47 species and Anzali and Shaft with 25 species (with 71.2 and 37.9 percent, respectively) had the highest and lowest species dive...
Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Obinna Oragwa Arthur2, Ocheme Julius Okojokwu1, Sarah Joseph1, Geoffrey Chibueze1, Joshua Adetunji1, Joseph Ameh Okwori3, David Ochola Amanyi4, Otobo I. Ujah5 and Onyemocho Audu6
Seroprevalence of Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection among Slaughtered Ruminants in Jos, North-Central, Nigeria
...ease, capable of causing large epidemics in livestock accompanied by cases in humans, but with a complex cycle of transmission that makes it difficult to predict. The risk of infection in humans is more with livestock handlers who get occupationally exposed to Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) because of frequent contact with infected vectors, animal body fluids and other tissues. We aimed to determine the prevalence of antibodies against RVFV in s
Iram Sharif1*, Amna Nazir1, Eram Shahzadi2, Shahid Munir Chohan3 and Ghulam Sarwar4
Influence of Sowing Dates on Cotton Growth (Gossypium hirsutum), Yield and Fiber Quality
...align: justify;">Cotton plays important role in Pakistan’s economy. It faces various environmental conditions which restricts its growth and production. The study was carried out at Cotton Research Station, Faisalabad, during the year 2018-19. The objective of the research was to evaluate the sowing date effects on growth, yield parameters and fiber quality of cotton and genotypic assessment in two sowing dates. The se...
Huma Abbas1, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal2, Muhammad Kamran3, Muhammad Umar Shahbaz3*, Haseeb Ullah Kamber1, Nazir Javed1, Muhammad Junaid1, Hira Abbas4 and Muhammad Ehetisham ul Haq3
Evaluation of Advanced Mung Bean Germplasm against Cercospora Leaf Spot and its In-vitro Management by Different Fungicides
...es through tolerant germplasm and with environmentally safe fungicides is a cost-effective approach. The present study was aimed to find the resistant germplasm against the disease and to evaluate the relative efficacy of different fungicides against the C. canesens in lab conditions. Twenty varieties/lines were screened against Cercospora Leaf Spot dise...
Ghulam Sarwar1*, Muhammad Rizwan1, Jehanzeb Farooq1, Muhammad Farooq1,2, Hafiz Ghazanfar Abbas1, Farrukh Ilahi1 and Muhammad Asif1
Fiber Quality Studies with Respect to Different Cotton Insect Pests using Multivariate Analysis
...ly influenced by the population of thrips, jassid, whitefly, pink bollworm and dusky cotton bug. Fiber fineness was influenced by the population of jassid, pink bollworm and dusky cotton bug while fiber strength was slightly affected by the population of thrips. The advance lines of cotton viz. FH-404, FH-490, FH-152, FH-450, FH-457 and FH-313 having tolerance against insect pests, showed ...
Shahid Nadeem1*, Taj Naseeb Khan1, Mushtaq Ahmad1, Adnan Younis2 and Iram Fatima3
Influence of Plant Growth Regulators by Foliar Application on Vegetative and Floral physiognomies of Gladiolus
...="text-align: justify;">Gladiolus grasps an exceptional position among ornamental plants due to its captivating spikes, with plane ruffle and deeply crinkled sepals, and it mainly used as cut flower and greatly demanded in floral markets. In order to achieve the maximum outcomes for the purchaser or community, a comprehensive study was conducted on gladi...
Attiq ur Rehman1,2*, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil3 and Ihtisham Ali4
Genetic Diversity and Traits Association in Tetraploid and Hexaploid Wheat Genotypes in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan
...lity as well as the correlation among agronomically important traits renders the basis for development of a successful crop improvement program. An experiment containing 16 wheat genotypes (8 durum and 8 spring wheat) was conducted in crop season of year 2015-2016, at The University of Agriculture, Peshawar. The experimental design used was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The parameters under study were days to heading, days ...
Yasir Arafat1*, Syeda Nabahat2, Hafiz Ullah3, Afaq Ali Muluk4 and Azra5
An Analysis of Energy Supply and Oil Price Shocks on Agricultural Productivity of Pakistan
... has been taken as an explanatory variables and determinants of agricultural productivity in Pakistan. The study uses Autoregressive Distribution Lag model (ARDL) to measure the correlation between dependent and independent variables. In order to know the stationarity of variables, unit root test is used by employing Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test. It is found that energy supply and foreign direct investment affect agric...
Zahir Shah1*, Saima Munawar1, Ihsan Ullah2, Taif Shah3, Haq Aman Ullah1, Saqib Nawaz1, Farhan Anwar Khan1 and Manoj Kumar Shah4
Combined Physico-chemical and Analgesic Effects of Electroacupuncture Plus Clonidine in Goats
... EA alone but showed similar pain threshold with goats treated with 20µg/kg of clonidine. Goats treated with EA plus 10µg/kg clonidine showed moderately higher mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate up to 10-60min than those groups treated of clonidine. Moreover, a significantly lower serum glucose concentration was noted in EA plus 10µg/kg of clonidine treated goats at 15-60 min than those treated with clonidine alone....
Tahseen Ullah* and Noor ul Amin
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts
...ities of four medicinal plants, Silybum marianum, Berberus lycium, Peganum harmala and Curcuma longa and standard antibiotic tetracycline was carried out in the biosafety level 3 Microbiology Lab, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK. Two different concentrations (low, 5 mg/ml and high extracts, 300 mg/ml) of these plants were evaluate against two different bacter...
Qurrat ul Ain Akbar*, Saqib Arif, Shahid Yousaf, Salman Khurshid and Najmus Sahar
Effects of Flour Particle Size on Farinographic Properties of Wheat Dough
...orption was negatively related with flour particle size. Dough stability was positively related to flour particle size whereas the degree of softening was negatively related with flour particle size. However, there was insignificant and non-consistent effects were found on dough development time. The information generated from this study would be useful in the preparation of whole wheat fl...
Shahzad Khan*, Munir Khan, Inayatullah Jan, Mahfooz Khan and Fida Muhammad Khan
Determinants of Sugarcane Yield in District Charsadda, Pakistan
... the year 2018. Three villages viz. Kamran Kalay, Aspandehri, and Sarfaraz Kalay were selected purposively. Primary data were collected with face to face interview method from 41 randomly selected sugarcane growers through structured questionnaire. The selection of farmers was based on proportional allocation technique in the selected villages. For data ...
Shaiza Rasool1, Iftikhar Ahmad1*, Khurram Ziaf1, Irfan Afzal2, Muhammad A.S. Khan1, Muhammad Aashir Sajjad1 and Muhammad Zain Ali1
Seed Conditioning Effects on Germination Performance, Seedling Vigor and Flower Production of Zinnia elegans
...gans Jacq.). Two initial laboratory experiments evaluated the timing and frequency of seed magnetic stimulation to select the most promising treatments for field production testing and flowering. In the first experiment, a 3% moringa leaf extract (MLE) showed the earliest (2.8 d) and the highest germination rate (90%) with an average root length of 4.2 cm. Hydro-priming resulted in the lar...
Muhammad Zamin1*, Anees Muhammad1, Ibadullah Jan1, Hidayat Ullah1, Shahen Shah2, Muhammad Amin3 and Haroon Ur Rashid4
Production of Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) as Affected by Bulb Size and Planting Medium
...n important element of a landscape garden. It is placed among top ten cut flowers in floriculture industry. Quality production of cut flowers for market depends upon bulb size and growing medium. To investigate the best type of planting medium and suitable bulb size for commercial production of tuberose, an experiment was conducted in the Horticulture Nursery, University of Swabi, Pakistan...
Muhammad Zamin1*, Anees Muhammad1, Ibadullah Jan1, Hidayat Ullah1, Shahen Shah2, Muhammad Amin3 and Haroon Ur Rashid4
Production of Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) as Affected by Bulb Size and Planting Medium
...n important element of a landscape garden. It is placed among top ten cut flowers in floriculture industry. Quality production of cut flowers for market depends upon bulb size and growing medium. To investigate the best type of planting medium and suitable bulb size for commercial production of tuberose, an experiment was conducted in the Horticulture Nursery, University of Swabi, Pakistan...
Ateeq Ahmad1, Umar Hayat2, Shahid Ali2*, Hazrat Bilal3, Naveed Ali2, Khan Mir Khan4 and Khalid Khan4
Descriptive Analysis of Water Resources in Pakistan: A Perspective of Climate Change
...igh and fast growing population lacks enough economic resources to satisfy the basic needs of masses. Furthermore, the future of Himalayan glaciers at risk due to emerging climate change in the region. Pakistan is located in rid region where the issue of water security is forefront problem particularly for agricultural...
Moazam Ali1, Wajid Ali2, Ayhan Ceyhan2 and Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta3*
Pigmentation Genome Influence in Animals and Human Interventions in its Course of Action
... photo-protection, camouflage appearance in wild, and identification. Pigmentation is a complex and multi-factorial regulated process to produce the melanin from melanocytes. Melanin amount, size, shape, and distribution control the color pigmentation of fiber, coat, and hairs in animals. Mela<...
Muhammad Zahid Mengal1, Hamida Ali2, Raheela Asmat3, Muhammad Naeem1,4, Ferhat Abbas1, Abdul Samad1, Mohammad Zahid Mustafa1, Jannat Raza2 and Tauseef M. Asmat1*
... of the RIF-resistant isolates were observed to harbor mutationsin Probe E 78.3% (n=36) whereas mutations in Probe A, B, D were observed 2.2% (n=1), 4.3% (n=2), and 6.5% (n=3), respectively. However, none of cases had RIF-resistance associated with Probe C. Out of 46 RRD cases, 21 (45.7 %) were males and 25 (54.3 %) were females. Additionally, Xpert® test showed higher detection rate than fluorescent microscopy (39.1% vs 31.2%, P<0.05) and detected MTB ...
Nadeem Abbas Shah1*, Ejaz Ashraf1, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Zaheer ud Din Mirani3, Usman Rafique1 and Raees Abbas Shah4
Assessing Perceptions of the Households-heads Regarding Food Security Status in Drought-hit Areas of District Tharparkar, Sindh, Pakistan: A Case Study for Agricultural Extension
... census of 2017, the population of Pakistan has exceeded 220 million. Most of the population depends on agriculture to earn their livings and to meet the desired level of food security. Despite all the progress the country has made so far, its population combating with the threat of food insecurity. Tharparkar, (the largest desert area not only in Pakist...
Sajad Ali1*, Naeem Ur Rehman Khatak1, Iftikhar Ahmad2, Jangraiz Khan3 and Azra4
Impact of Socioeconomic Factors and farm Size on Wheat Productivity: A Case Study of District Peshawar, Pakistan
... the country’s population and the largest grain crop as well. Pakistan has been regularly importing wheat, except for the few years. This study is based on primary data collected in 2019 from district Peshawar.A sample of 200 (160 large and 40 small) wheat growers weretaken from twelve selected villages of Peshaw...
Muhammad Yaseen1*, Xu Shiwei2, Yu Wen2, Ejaz Ashraf1, Muhammad Luqman1, Muhammad Ameen3 and Sadia Hassan4
Farmers Behavior to Participate in Public Sector Agricultural Extension Services: Comparative Analysis of Pakistan and China
...uence of age, education, labor, farm area and villages on the household head’s participation in agricultural extension services/ activities organized by public sector department. For this purpose, a random sample of 160 households from four districts of Punjab province of Pakistan was selected, and another random sample of 122 households selected from the six villages of Huai
Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami*, Andin Muhammad Abduh, Eko Hanudin and Benito Heru Purwanto
Study on the NPK Uptake and Growth of Rice under Two different Cropping Systems with different Doses of Organic Fertilizer in the Imogiri Subdistrict, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia
...t-align: justify;">Rice plants are commonly cultivated in a grid system with a plant spacing of 25 cm x 25 cm. The modification of spacing to increase nutrient uptake by providing plant free area (PFA) for better air circulation and sunlight distribution needs to be further studied. This study examined the differences in NPK uptake and rice growth in org...
Khan Sher1*, Muhammad Subhan1, Muhammad Nisar2, Ali Hazrat2, Zahid Fazal1, Gul Rahim2, Imran Ahmad1, Riaz ul Haq1 and Shamia Bibi1
Genetic Diversity in Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgarus L.) Collected from Different Ecological Zones of Malakand Division (A Part of the Sino Japanese Region of Pakistan)
...c diversity (GD) of bean landraces collected from diverse ecological zones of Malakand division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The qualitative traits showed significant level of diversity like seed shape was determined by two alleles, seed color was defined by 13 numbers of alleles and four alleles were responsible for flower color. Similarly, the quantitative traits showed 73% diversity i...
Malik Abdul Rehman1, Shafqat Ali1, Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal1, Muhammad Nawaz Khan1 and Mujahid Ali2*
Efficacy of Chemicals and Botanical Extracts to Control Citrus Canker on Kinnow in Sargodha Region
...s a highly destructive malady in Kinnow mandarin worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of both chemicals and plant-based extracts to find suitable chemicals against the canker in Kinnow. The study was carried out at the citrus farm of the Citrus Research Institute, Sargodha, Punjab-Pakistan during 2011-13 on ten-year-old bearing trees of Kinnow plants. There were ni...
Muhammad Imran1,2*, Shahbaz Talib Sahi1, Muhammad Atiq1 and Amer Rasul3
Brown Leaf Spot: An Exacerbated Embryonic Disease of Rice: A Review
...y;">Brown leaf spot (Bipolaris oryzae) (BLS) is the serious emerging threat to rice crop. It causes heavy yield losses upto 6 to 90% depending upon the disease triangle. It has become a great concern for the rice-growing areas to find better management strategies under the fluctuation of the climate conditions. Different management practices (cultural, biological, chemical, induce resistance, nutrient management, natural byproducts, and resistant cultivars) ar...
Zulnorain Sajid1*, Muhammad Ramzan2 and Noreen Akhtar1
Foraging Behavior and Pollination Ecology of Bumble Bee and Honey Bee in Pakistan; A Review
...l factors (habitat loss, landscape degradation, overuse of agrochemical, exotic species and pathogens) involved in the declining of pollinators, a big loss for the economy of Pakistan. The aim of this review paper was to check the importance of honey bee and bumblebee as chief pollinator of agriculture crops. This review indicates how declining factors are alarming for the bumblebee and honeybee....
Md. Sahidur Rahman
Origin and Spillover of Coronaviruses: Prospects of One Health Action
...fy;">Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses causing diseases in mammals, including humans and birds. Bat and rodents act as a reservoir of alphacoronavirus and betacoronavirus whereas, gamacoronavirus and deltacoronavirus originate in avian species. Domestic animals also play a critical role in disease transmission as they are found seropositive against different coronaviruses. At least seven coronaviruses are known to h...
Zafar Ahmad Handoo1*, Mihail Radu Kantor1 and Ekramullah Khan2
Description of Seven New Species and One New Record of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes (Nematoda: Tylenchida) Associated with Economically Important Crops of Kashmir Valley, Jammu and Kashmir (Part-1 of the series)
... the survey of soil and plant-parasitic nematodes of vegetable and fruit crops of Kashmir valley, Jammu and Kashmir, seven new species and one new record of following species were recovered: Helicotylenchus siddiqii sp. nov. from soil around roots of Glycine max L. Miller, from Kashmir University Campus, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir; H. fotedariensis sp. nov. from soil around roots of Brassica oleraceae var. botrytis L. from Zadibal, Srinagar, Kashmir; H. harw...
Bushra Ismail Khan1, Shamim Akhter1, Sanwal Aslam2* and Rabea Ejaz1
...">The current study was planned to evaluate the supplementation of Polyvinylpyrrolidone in extender on cryopreservation of Nili-Ravi buffalo bull semen. The semen samples were collected from Nili-Ravi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bull kept at SPU Qadirabad, District Sahiwal, Pakistan. Qualifying semen ejaculates having motility >60%, volume >5-6ml and concentration >0.5 billion/ ml were diluted 50 × 10
Asmat Ullah1,2, Shahid Iqbal1,2 and Furhan Iqbal2*
...ation improved neuromuscular co-ordination in female albino mice during rota rod test (P = 0.002), had more rotations (P = 0.02) and clockwise rotations (P = 0.01) during plus maze test and had more stretch attend reflex (P = 0.005) than control group. During the second trial of novel object test, Bauhinia variegata’s leaf extract treated male albino mice approached old object A (P = 0.04) and spend more time with object A (P = 0.05) as compared t...
Gulzhan Aubakirova1*, Zhanat Adilbekov2, Assylkhan Inirbayev2, Assel Zhamanova2 and Aibar Akhmetov3
...with the exception of isolated cases of aeromonosis. Exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations for residual amounts of toxic elements and radionuclides has not been established. We found that the most common fish disease in the water bodies of the Karaganda region was postdiplostomatosis, which was diagnosed in the roach in all the water bodies of three regions, and the most infection was observed in the fish of the DSU-58 reservoir in the Nurinsky dist...
Aatif Amin1,*, Zakia Latif2, Arslan Sarwar1, Basit Zeshan1 and Mushtaq A. Saleem1
...) bacteria were isolated from heavy metal polluted wastewater and soil, collected from the proximity of some tanneries from Kasur, Pakistan. Three out of 30 bacterial strains were screened out on the basis of resistance level against various concentrations of HgCl2. Bacterial isolatesAZ-1, AZ-2 and AZ-3 showed resistance up to 40 μg/mL of HgCl2 and mercury sensitive (HgS) iso
Mikail Arslan1, Orhan Yilmaz2, Bahattin Cak2* and Ahmet Fatih Demirel2
...ivircik ewes under three lambing systems in two years and their lambs’ survival and growth performances. A total of 200 Kivircik ewes and 15 Kivircik rams were used. Ewes were subjected to a system of lambing every 8 months. Ewes were mated in August (summer), April (spring) and December (winter), respectively. Ewes were synchronized using FIS (intravaginal flourogestone sponges) for...
Muhammad Tahir Khan1, Shahid Mehmood2*, Athar Mahmud2, Khalid Javed3 and Jibran Hussain2
...) in carcass yield and relative weights of breast, thigh, wing, liver, gizzard, heart, and abdominal fat for chicks fed compost at any level compared to chicks fed the control diet. Although, a slight reduction in breast and thigh weights was observed in chicks fed compost at 10% level compared to control chicks, but statistically this difference was not significant (P>0.05). Similarly, there were no differences (P>0.0...
Rabea Ejaz1*, Saima Qadeer2,Muhammad Sajjad Ansari3, Bushra Allah Rakha4, Shazia Shamas5, Iram Maqsood1, Asma Ul Husna6, Asima Azam1 and Shamim Akhter6
...(replicates; n=30). Ejaculates were mixed in tris citric acid extender having 0.0 (control), 20.0, 25.0 and 30.0 ng/mL of arachidic acid at a temperature of 37°C (>1 mL volume, >0.5 billion per mL conc., >60% motility) and cryopreserved using standard procedures. Percent sperm motility, liveability, plasmalemma integrity and viability were increased in extender (P<0.05) having 20.0 ng/mL of arachidic a...
Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Dorcas Yilger Gotom1, Noble Allison Chiehiura1, Julius Ocheme Okojokwu1, David Ochola Amanyi2, John Otumala Egbere1, Joshua Adetunji1, Otobo Innocent Ujah3 and Onyemocho Audu4
The Seroprevalence of Zika Virus Infection among HIV Positive and HIV Negative Pregnant Women in Jos, Nigeria
...erable pregnant women is lacking. We aimed to describe the seroprevalence of ZIKVI and associated factors in Jos, North Central Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was performed at Plateau State Specialist Hospital in Jos, North Central Nigeria from August to December 2020. We enrolled a total of 90 (45 HIV positive and 45 HIV negative) pregnant women aged ≥18 and ≤50 years attending antenatal clinic. Ethical approval was...
Mushtaq Ahmad Khan*, Abdul Basir and Beena Saeed
Biochar Improves Phenological and Physiological Attributes of Wheat in Soil Amended with Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen Sources
...nducted to enhance N availability from organic and inorganic N sources via biochar (0, 10, 20 and 30 tons ha-1) under four levels of N (0, 90, 120 and 150 kg ha-1) during Fall 2015-16 and 2016-17. The required N was met from urea, poultry manure (PM) and farmyard manure (FYM). Application of 20 and/or 30 t BC ha-1 significantly delayed booting, anthesis, physiological maturity in wheat, and resulted in higher leaf area (
Abida Parveen1, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Nazir Javed1, Anam Moosa1*, Khushboo Javaid1, Hina Safdar1 and Asma Safdar2
...l threat to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production. In this study, the inhibitory effect of Moringa oleifera L. (MO) extracts and Steinernema kraussei Steiner (SK) as stand-alone treatments and in combination was assessed to suppress the reproduction and development of MI. Highly susceptible variety of tomato cv. ‘Money Maker’ was tested for the invasion and development of MI. Aqueous and ethanolic MO extracts were tested ...
Dalal H. Sary and Rama T. Rashad*
A Comparative Study on the Impact of Compost, Humate, and Silicate on the Nutritional Characteristics of Calcareous Soil Cultivated by Soybean
...se has increased the available N (mg kg-1) in soil significantly at a significance level of P = .05 by 77.78 % compared to the control. The 100 % application rate of compost showed the most significant increase in seed yield (kg ha-1, 84.88%) followed by K-H (69.07%) then K-Si (67.39%) compared to the control. Also, compost at rate 100 % showed the most significant increase of protein and total N (~77.07%) followed by K-Si (~60.67%) then K-H (~ 17.69%). Howeve...
Kubilay Ucar1, Sait Engindeniz1* and Jozef Palkovic2
Risk and Return Analysis of Open-Field Tomato Grown in Turkey: A Monte Carlo Simulation Approach
...t are grown in irrigable lands and has high returns is tomato. The aim of this study is to analyze production costs, return and the risks associated with open-field tomato grown in Izmir province of Turkey in 2011-2017 period. Statistical data used in the study have been obtained from FAOSTAT, Turkish Statistical Institute and Turkish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. According to the results of the study, the average production costs of tomato was determi...
Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi1*, Olubumi Atolani2 and Gabriel Ademola Olatunji3
Toxicity Effect of Eucalyptus globulus on Pratylenchus spp. of Zea mays
...rld. Its annual yield is largely hampered by nematode infestation, especially the Pratylenchus spp. Experiments were conducted in a screenhouse and under field conditions to evaluate the toxicity of fractions and essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae) against Pratylenchus spp. infecting Zea mays. The phytochemical basis of the plant was partly established using Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography –...
Sher Bahadar Khan1, Mumtaz Ali Khan2,*, Hameed Ullah Khan3, Sher Ali Khan4, Shah Fahad5, Faheem Ahmad Khan6, Irshad Ahmad7, Nighat Nawaz8, Sidra Bibi9 and Muhammad Muneeb10
...nce and processed for isolation of campylobacter species. A total of 182 (14%) Campylobacter jejuni were isolated using enrichment and plate media followed by confirmation through multiplex PCR. Isolates were tested for 15 antibiotics using disc diffusion method followed by detection of their respective antimicrobial resistant genes. Overall preva...
Umar Hayat1*, Ibrar Hussin2, Aftab Alam3 and Khalid Khan4
Time Series Analysis of Child Mortality in Pakistan: An Application of Bootstrap ARDL
...emocratic Theory (SDT) related to child mortality in Pakistan. The study adopts the framework of Ferreira and Schady (2009) and Baird et al. (2011) to carry out empirical estimation via ARDL and Bootstrap ARDL. Confirming the co integration relationship, the study identifies that real GDP per capita is a significant variable responsible for decline in child mortality thereby confirms the hypothesis of MT. The study however, ...
Asif Ali Abro1* and Iqbal Ahmed Panhwar2
Impact of Various Factors on Crop Diversification Towards High Value Crops in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis by using THI
...sitive and significant relationship with crop diversification. Per capita income, urbanization, and profitability of minor crops were taken as demand side factors. Per capita income, urbanization and profitability of minor crops regression coefficients showed positive and significant impact on crop diversification. The technology was determined using fertilizers, the number of tubewells, Net Area Sown (NAS) and the production of tractors in quantity. The regre...
Saeed Ahmad1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Habib ur Rahman1,3*, Tanveer-ul-Haq2, Mahmood Alam Khan4 and Arshad Mahmood5
Evaluation of Different Production Systems in Combination with Foliar Sulphur Application for Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under Arid Climatic Conditions of Pakistan
...n systems (nursery transplanted and direct seeded) and sulphur foliar spray (0, 50, 100 and 150 ppm) on sunflower in a randomized complete block, with split plots arrangement. Results revealed that tallest plant (175 cm) with maximum number of leaves (32.7) recorded with the application of foliar sulphur spray (150 ppm). Similarly, sunflower produced maximum head diameter (18.0 cm), number...
Sajid Amin Sarmad1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Luqman1, Muhammad Asam Riaz1, Sohail Ahmed3 and Sylvain Nafiba Ouédraogo2
Development and Laboratory Evaluation of a Slow Release Formulation of Fipronil against Subterranean Termites (Odontotermes obesus Rambur)
... not persistent and long-lasting due to rapid decomposition and loss of insecticidal molecules active against target pests. This study was aimed to develop and evaluate a slow-release formulation (SRF) of a persistent insecticide (fipronil) against O. obesus. Technical grade insecticide fipronil was applied in the form of cellulose-made pellets made up of compressed powdered sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) bagasse and m...
Safiullah1, Azmat Ali Awan2, Mohammad Ilyas3, Fahim Ullah Khan3, Arshad Iqbal3*, Muhammad Adil3 and Asad Ullah1
Effects of Different Concentrations of Naphthalene Acetic Acid on Rooting of Various Olive Varieties
...e varieties (Hamdi, Nocellara and Sevallino) an experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Institute (ARI) Tarnab, Peshawar during 2016. The trial was performed using two factorial RCBD. Cuttings were collected from mature olive orchard. The cuttings were treated for ten seconds in required concentration of NAA solutions. According to the experimental results, minimum days to root appearance (54.58), maximum root diameter (0.18 cm), maximum leaves shoot...
Mehnaz Safdar and Urooba Pervaiz*
Constraints in Accessing Agricultural Extension Services by Rural Women: Evidence from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...extension worker was available to be accessed for taking agricultural information. Only 14% respondents attended trainings. This situation is very alarming and shows negligence of extension department. These trainings were provided by various NGOs and private organizations. Those women who got trainings were more updated than those who did not attend or had no access to trainings. Chi-square analysis revealed that age had si...
Ghulam Akbar1*, Ali Ahmad2, Neha Arooj1, Muhammad Anjum Zia1, Aamna Rafique1, Sania Riasat1, Mohsin Raza1, Mahpara Qamar1, Shahneela Nusrat1 and Shakila Hanif1
Critical Update for the Treatment of Anemia by using Advanced Genome Editing Crispr Cas Technology
...lood cells which results lack of oxygen supply towards tissues of body. It is common and worldwide problem that associates with all ages like pregnant women, children and aged people. Anemia associated with numerous infectious and continual problems such as persistent kidney disease, cancer, ischemic heart ailment and inflammatory bowel disorder. However, with the development in generation at genome editing level have made f...
Muhammad Ilyas1,2*, Imran Khan2*, Muhammad Umer Chattha2, Muhammad Umair Hassan2, Muhammad Zain3, Wajid Farhad4, Sana Ullah1, Ateeq Shah5, Safeer Ahmed6, Bismillah Khan1 and Muhammad Adeel1
Evaluating the Effect of Zinc Application Methods on Growth and Yield of Wheat Cultivars
...ee cultivars of wheat; Galaxy-2014, Punjab-2011 and Millat-2011 and Zn application methods; seed priming @ 0.4% Zn solution, soil application @ 40 kg ZnSO4. H2O ha-1 foliar spray @ 0.5% Zn solution at vegetative stage and combination of all three methods (seed priming, foliar and soil application) were used. The study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement having three replications. ...
Ashraf Ismail Afia1 and Ahmed Soliman Mohmed El-Nuby2*
Soybean Genotypes Response to Root-Gall Nematode
...(R) viz., C97, H2, CV1, Clark, A7 (99.97, 99.96, 98.73, 98.29 and 97.06% RF, respectively), moderately resistant (MR) category was achieved by seven genotypes (G21, CV2, Carford, Katler, G35, C11 and AG in which RF values varied between 76.01-91.72%). Two genetic resources (Tano and A10) reacted as low resistant (LR) their RF were 65.22 and 72.20%, successively. Susceptible (S) reaction was possessed by two genotypes (G82 and A11), also highly susceptible (HS)...
Muhammad Tariq-Khan1*, Syed Zanib Ali Gardazi1, Abu Daud Ahmad Khan1, Muhammad Ilyas2 and Ishaq Ahmad3,4
Virulence and Distribution Trends of Root-Knot Nematode (RKN) Fauna on Summer Vegetables in District Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan)
... are important group of plant parasitic nematodes belong to genus Meloidogyne with extensive host range. A comprehensive survey study was carried out to document host and non-host plants in cultivated fields of Bagh district, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Total of 111 vegetable fields from 82 locations of study areas was surveyed during summer 2013, 2014, 2016 and 2017. Okra, Eggplant, tomato, c...
Muhammad Awais Nazir1, Khalid Mahmood Anjum1, Junaid Naseer1, Ahsan Anjum2, Aneela Zameer Durrani3, Saba Usman2, Muhammad Asif Munir1, Omer Naseer4 and Muhammad Usman3,*
...stigate the impact of replacement of fishmeal (FM) with soybean meal (SBM) in diets of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). A total of 600 rainbow trout, with an initial mean body weight of 15.92 ± 0.34 g, were distributed randomly into twelve experimental tanks (50 fish per tank). Four isoenergetic and isonitrogenous feed diets were allocated to each treatment, with three replicates/treatment (12 fish/replicate). FM and fish oil were rep
Ammara Gull-E-Fareen1, 3, Imran Bodlah1*, Muhammad Tariq Rasheed1, Yasir Niaz2, Muhammad Adnan Bodlah2, Muhammad Asif4 and Nasir M. Khokhar5
...vores. The mutualistic relationship between ants and aphids is a very common and widespread phenomenon. It has been studied in various parts of the world. In this relationship, aphids provide food to the ants, while in return ants provide them protection from natural enemies. Ants also protect aphids from different diseases. Aphids (serious crop pests) can be divided into myrmecophilous and non- myrmecophilous. The main obje...
MA Liman1, QI Yongxiao1, Wang Wenji2* and Zhong Qianyi3*
... vessels, is tightly regulated in the normal organism. Excessive angiogenesis can have detrimental consequences in various processes, including promoting uncontrolled tumor growth. Inhibiting angiogenesis using natural compounds is an important focus in developing new cancer treatment strategies. Ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2), a natural product derived from red ginseng, has been reported to have therapeutic effects on some tumors, but its antiangiogenic effects in z...
Wajahat Azeem1,*, Tariq Mukhtar1 and Tooba Hamid2
...and an antagonistic plant, Azadirachta indica was tested against M. incognita on tomato. The antagonistic fungus and plant caused significant hatching inhibition and larval mortality of M. incognita. The hatching inhibition and mortality was the maximum at 100% concentrations of both the agents while the minimum inhibition and mortality was obtained at 25% concentr...
Rida Younas1*, Tamseela Mumtaz1, Nabeela Roohi2 and Muhammad Amir Iqbal3
...on of expressed of proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine as biomarker was obtained in moderate, severe and very severe COPD patients and established their relationship with lung obstruction. Samples were collected between April and August 2017, total 35 COPD patients with lung obstruction (FEV1/FVC< 70) were enrolled as well as age and sex matched healthy subjects were also recruited as control group. Expression of IL-6 ...
Muhammad Umer Khan1,2*, Muhammad Farooq Sabar1, Atif Amin Baig3, Arif-un-Nisa Naqvi4 and Muhammad Usman Ghani1
...rofiles of worldwide populations can benefit population genetics and forensic sciences. Consequently, this study was designed to establish the mtDNA profiles of the Shin ethnic group in Gilgit-Baltistan, the northern most territory of Pakistan. Phlebotomy was performed for a total of 79 maternally unrelated Shin volunteers. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood samples and subjected t...
Sehrish Ashraaf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1* and Sajida Naseem2
...clear barcode gap. Nooverlap was recorded in intraspecific and interspecific divergence value. Furthermore, distance to NN was higher than themaximum intraspecific value for all species. A
Nihat Tekel1, Seyrani Koncagül2, İlkay Baritci1, Halit Deniz Şireli1, Muhittin Tutkun1, Ecevit Eyduran3 and Mohammad Masood Tariq4*
...ive Exponential and Bertalanffy in order to describe the growth of Awassi male lambs (n=120) at the age of 10 months. The coefficient of determination values estimated for Brody, Negative Exponential and Bertalanffy models were 0.9523, 0.6094, and 0.9428 R2 for the first-time interval (0-90 days of age), 0.9866, 0.9743 and 0.9797 R2 for the second time interval (0-180...
Hassam Ud Din1*, Huma Rizwana1, Rameez Raja Kaleri2, Kaleem Ullah2 and Muhammad Din2
Evaluation of Production Performance and Marketing of Small Ruminants in District Dukki, Balochistan
... union councils i.e. Vialla Dukki, Thal, Nana Sahib, Sadar and Nasar Abad of district Dukki of Balochistan. The sample size was composed by producer (50), wholesalers (50) and retailer (50) for convenient sampling contribution of each selected producer involved in the business area. The result showed that in the study area (60.00%, 24.00% and 16.00%) farmers have kacha, pacca and semi pacca housing type. flock size in average was 193.33 in Vial
Muhammad Nazar1, Chaudhary Muhammad Ayyub2, Mujahid Ali3*, Malik Abdul Rehman4, Shoib ur Rehman5 and Saqib Ayyub2
Amelioration of Thermo-Tolerance Ability in Spinacia oleracea L. Cultivars by Foliar Application of Chitosan
...Desi Local, and Lahori Palak) were grown at normal temperature 18/20°C (day/night temperature) and then after four weeks after emergence 40/32°C (day/night temperature) was given by gradually enhancing 2°C per day. After one week of heat stress (40/32°C), four treatments (25, 50, 75, 100 ppm) of chitosan were applied as a foliar spray on spinach cultivars in comparison to control (non-treated with chitosan). The research findings evidenced that...
Imtiaz Hussain1, Azhar Mahmood Aulakh2, Muhammad Sohail1*, Khalid Hussain2, Ansaar Ahmed3, Abdul Hamid3 and Muhammad Imtiaz3
Impact of Zero Tillage on Productivity of Traditional Mung Bean-Wheat Cropping System of Punjab, Pakistan
...an involves intensive tillage practices that increases cost of production and declines soil fertility. Zero tillage planting method provides an opportunity to improve crop yield, reduce production cost and GHG emission. Farmer participatory field trials were carried out at six locations in Punjab province, a major Mung bean-Wheat cropping zone to evaluate zero till...
Amir Aziz1*, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-us-Sabah1, Ghulam Sarwar1 and Sher Muhammad2
Effect of Rice and Wheat Straw and K-Silicate Application on Maize Growth
...rtant for the growth of plants particularly under stress. Silicon is considered as quasiessential element for plant growth. The benefits of silicate fertilization are often correlated with the amount of silicon uptake by plants. In order to evaluate the growth and yield behavior of maize crop in response to different s...
Muhammad Ramzan1, Muneer Abbas1*, Sohail Abbas2, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Aslam1, Javed Anwar Shah1, Muhammad Irshad1 and Mudassar Khaliq1
Incidence of Different Aphid Species on Various High Yielding Wheat Varieties
...jor crop with one of the largest area under cultivation playing a significant role in economic stability of Pakistan. Among other pests aphid is a major one which contributes towards low yield on wheat farms. Different wheat developmental periods, i.e., seedling (SS), tillering (TS), stem elongation (SES), heading (HS), dough (DS) and ripening (RS) were studied. Through evaluating, seven varieties i.e. Sahar-2006, Faisa
Zulekha Zameer, Samreen Mohsin, Ammarah Hasnain, Asma Maqbool* and Kauser Abdulla Malik
Influence of Explant Sources on in vitro Callogenesis and Regeneration in Maize (Zea mays L.)
...efficiency of various explants sources for maize tissue culture, especially the immature embryos. However, the manipulation of immature embryos as explants is hampered due to its unavailability throughout the year and low regeneration response. The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of various explants so...
Malik Abdul Rehman1*, Hafiz Muhammad Ehsan2, Tehseen Ashraf2, Zulfiqar Ali Gurmani3, Sajjad Khan3 and Mujahid Ali2
Effect of Growing Media on Plant Growth of Rough Lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) and Poncirus (Citrus trifoliata)
...owth media to check for plant growth of rough lemon and poncirus rootstocks. Five plants per treatment were growing in black polythene bags filled with the required media using a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. Data of stem length stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, and survival percentage was recorded. Chemical analysis of leaf was done by taking samples from...
Muhammad Yaseen1*, Muhammad Luqman1*, Zahoor Hussain2, Usman Saleem3, Asif Nawaz1, Tahir Munir Butt4 and Muhammad Umer Mehmood1
Assessment of Knowledge Level and Information Sources of Vegetable Growers regarding Tunnel Farming in District Sargodha
... vegetables were the population of the study. The snowball sampling technique led us to have 8 off-season vegetable growers in Sargodha tehsil, 13 in Bhulwal, 27 in Bhera, 17 in Kot Momin, 9 in Shah pur, 11 in Sillanwali, and 5 in Sahiwal. This way a sample of 90 respondents was interviewed using a structured interview schedule. The content validity of the instrument was checked by the panel of experts and followed by the re...
Hong Hu1, 2, Li Qian1, Yuanlang Wang1, Chaodong Wu1, Xiaodong Zhang1, Yueyun Ding 1*, Li Wang1, Xudong Wu1, Wei Zhang1, Dengtao Li1, Jian Ding1, Min Yang1 and Zongjun Yin1*
...med to explore the molecular mechanisms and candidate genes associated with fat metabolism in Anqingliubai (obese) and Yorkshire (lean) pigs. The transcriptome profiling of backfat between Anqingliubai and Yorkshire pigs was carried out by RNA-sequencing technology. The sum of clean reads were 288.3 and 365.3 million which was obtained from the RNA sequencing data in the Anqingliubai and Yorkshire pigs, respectively. Most reads were located in exonic region, w...
Shakeel Ahmed* and Sarwat Jahan
... SCN and involved in regulation of food intake and dark light circadian rhythms. In rodents and higher primates its stimulatory role in HPG axis is reported. Growth hormone (GH) is released from anterior pituitary and directly or indirectly play very important role in regulation of HPG axis. In the present study the pathway of stimu...
Sadaf Aslam1,2*, Abdul Majid Khan2 and Muhammad Akhtar2
... vertebrate fossil assemblages. Here new suid fossil remains of the extinct species Hyotherium pilgrimi described. The known stratigraphic range of Hyotherium is about 14 to 11 million years. This species is closer to its smaller European relative H. soemmeringi. The studied material includes isolated premolars and mo
Syeda Farzana Bibi* and Siraj ud Din
Unraveling the Bioherbicidal Potential, Elemental Analysis and Nutritional Evaluation of Crataeva adansonii Dc Leaf and Bark
...d public health issues. Plant-derived substances can exhibit significant results with lesser side effects, and they are easily accessible and more economical than their synthetic alternatives. This study aims to conduct a phytotoxic study of ethanolic extract of Crataeva adansonii DC. leaf and stem bark for assessment of its bioherbicidal potential. Elemental and nutritional analysis of the plant parts was also done to accen...
Taqi Raza1*, Sergio de Los Santos Villalobos2, Muhammad Shehzad3, Shakeel Imran4 and Derly José Henriques da Silva5
PGP Characterization of Rhizobacteria Associated with Apple Gourd (Praecitrullus fistulosus L.)
...="text-align: justify;">Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial group of microorganisms which improve plant and soil health by enhancing nutrient availability and protecting plant against stresses. The current study was carried out to characterization of rhizobacteria associated with Apple Guard (Praecitrullus fistulous L.). Morphologi...
Shahid Ahmed1,2*, Huiqing Su1, Xuqian Sun1, Peng Feng1, Yongpan Chen1, Liang Yu1, Qian Liu1 and Heng Jian1
Performance of Cereal Varieties against Cereal Cyst Nematode (Heterodera avenae)
...ereal varieties and germplasm being adopted for cereal crop production annually. We tested number of cereal accessions to see the host pathogen interaction; among 15 wheat lines from Zhonnguyuan Sun (CAAS) CIMMYT Beijing and 10 lines of oats from Jilin Province were screened against H. avenae. The results showed that 5 wheat and 7 oat lines ranked as resistant genotypes while 9 wheat and 3 oat lines were ranked as moderately resistant and 1 wheat line and the ...
Atef Mohamed El-Sagheer
Status of Phytonematodes in a Main Commercial Banana Production of Upper Egypt
...families viz., Criconemella, Criconemoides, Ditylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Heterodera, Hoplolaimus, Longidorus, Meloidogyne, Paratylenchus, Pratylenchus, Radopholus, Rotylenchulus, Rotylenchus, Tylenchorhynchus, Tylenchus and Xiphinema. It was observed that there was variability in population density, frequency of occurrence and prominence value of some pla
Taqiur Rahman1, Tabassum Yaseen1*, Ali Mujtaba Shah2, Samiullah3, Ghulam Jelani3, Gul Nawaz1,Qudratullah Kalwar2
...y the leading medicinal plants used by local communities for the treatment of animals and document the threatened herbal knowledge from the elder formers (R1, R2 and R4) this study labels the ethno veterinary practices in different villages of District Shangla, where the documentation process is carried out through semi-structured questionnaires in 2017 ...
Hamida Sarwar1, Kousar Perveen1,Rida Mazhar2, Muhammad Afzal1, Syed Amir Gilani3
...althcare workers, particularly. This report is a cross-sectional study comprising statistical data and mental health measurements from HCW including doctors, nurses, and paramedics from DHQ Hospital, Jhelum, Punjab Pakistan during the period April 24, 2020, to May 09, 2020. Healthcare professionals in hospitals equipped with flu filter clinics and COVID-19 isolation wards were eligible. After obtaining informed consent and a...
Tehreem Zahra1, Muhammad Irfan1, Muhammad Nadeem2, Misbah Ghazanfar1, Qurratulain Ahmad3, Shaukat Ali4, Farzana Siddique5, Zarina Yasmeen6, Marcelo Franco7
...erma viride for cellulase production using seed pods of silk cotton tree as substrate in submerged fermentation by response surface methodology has been investigated. Three variables like substrate concentration, peptone and KH2PO4 were optimized at three levels. The optimum carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) activity and filter paper cellulase (FPase) activity was o...
Samreen Khan, Tabassum Ara Khanum, Nasira Kazi, Salma Javed* and Shahina Fayyaz
Description of Aphelenchoides acacia n. sp. and Aphelenchoides naurangiensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) with Observation on Aphelenchoides saprophilus Franklin, 1957 from District Lakki Marwat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...body. Cuticle weakly annulated, approximately 1µm apart in mid body region with transverse striae. Lateral field with four incisures; stylet 11-13 µm long having small basal thickening at the base; tail ventrally curved J-shaped; terminus with very tiny smooth mucro (1µm). Aphelenchoides naurangiensis n. sp. belongs to Group 1 of Aphelenchoides species and is characterized by small body length 406-492 µm; cephalic region clearly offset ...
Majid Shahi Bajestani1, Esmat Mahdikhani Moghadam2*, Reza Aghnoum3 and Hamid Rohani2
Study of Plant Parasitic Nematodes and Description of New Record (Rotylenchus alius) Associated with Barley (Hordium vulgare L.) in Khorasan Razavi Province, Northeast Iran
...amine the prevalence of Plant parasitic nematodes. In morphological and morphometrical identification 18 species were recorded belonging to nine genera. Among these species, Rotylenchus alius was found as a new record from Iran and Basiria gracilis, Boleodorus thylactus, Ditylenchus apus and Meloidogyne arenaria were reported as new host record from barley fields of Iran. Meloidogyne arenaria, was selected for detailed inves...
Muhammad Javaid1*, Unsar Naeem-Ullah1, Waheed S. Khan2, Shafqat Saeed1, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1 and Muhammad Arslan Khan1
Role of Nanotechnology in Crop Protection and Production: A Review
...rectly. As the world population is increasing, therefore need of the time is to use new technologies in agriculture like nanotechnology for sustainable agriculture production. Nanoparticles have physical, biological and chemical characteristics with size range of 10-9 nanometer in diameter. Nanotechnology will serve as an innovation in agriculture and food industry i.e. nanopesticides to manage insect pests of different crops, nanofungicides to control pathoge...
Kui Zhang1,2, Ping Geng1, Sher Khan Panhwar3, Khadim Hussain Memon4 and Zuozhi Chen1,2,*
...mall;">Marine fisheries play an important role in the national economy of Pakistan, as reflected in the provision of animal protein, employment solutions, and foreign-exchange earnings through exports. However, stock assessments are available for few of the commercial marine fish species in Pakistani waters. Most commercial fish species lack assessments of maximum sustainable yield (MSY) a...
Muhammad Aamir Naseer1, Amjad Islam Aqib2*, Ambreen Ashar3, Muhammad Ijaz Saleem1, Muhammad Shoaib4, Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar1, Khurram Ashfaq1, Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta1 and Shagufta Nighat5
...pSA). Current study was planned to detect bpSA from dairy milk, confirmation of presumed risk factors, and comparative analysis of antibiogram of bpSA and nbpSA at various cadre. Milk samples (n=250) from cattle (n=90) and buffalo (n=160) were aseptically collected from various dairy farms and put to biofilm detection and antibiogram. Based on collected data with statistical inferences, the study found 61.60% of S. aureus from subclinical samples, while...
Ayesha Talib1,2, Khanzadi Nazneen Manzoor1, Wajahat Ali1, Maria Saeed1, Muhammad Asif Gondal1, Malik Badshah3 and Abid Ali Khan1*
...isms is expanding at an alarming pace. There is a dire need to devise novel tactics to deal with these minute yet evolving ever clever microscopic entities. One of the possible ways to fight them is through nanoparticles. Green synthesis is an easy way to synthesize nanoparticles by using biological resources as it is cost effective, eco-friendly and large-scale production possibilities exist. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) ha...
Fanrong Xiao, Jichao Wang and Haitao Shi*
...mall;">Elucidating the relationships between morphology, performance and ecology is central to understand how morphology influences fitness. Previous work has already shown that two sympatric turtles, the Keeled box turtle Cuora mouhotii and the Flowerback box turtle C. galbinifrons, have divergent morphologies and occupy different microhabitats (steep, rocky hillslopes vs gentle, less rocky hillslopes). However, it is unclear how these differenc...
Babar Zahoor, Basharat Ahmad*,Riaz Aziz Minhas and Muhammad Siddique Awan
...ed to investigate human-black bear (Ursus thibetanus) conflict in and around Moji Game Reserve (MGR) Leepa valley, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. The main cause of human-black bear conflicts was damages in the form of livestock killings, crop raiding and human casualties. Estimated quantity of maize grains and fodder damaged during the years 2013-2015 was 40280 kg and 149300 kg, respectively. The total estimated co...
Kecheng Zhu1,2,3, Peiying He1, Baosuo Liu1,2,3, Huayang Guo1,2,3, Nan Zhang1,2,3, Liang Guo1,2,3, Shigui Jiang1,2,3 and Dianchang Zhang1,2,3,*
...hat is essential for myoblast fusion. Myomaker is regulated by myoblast determination protein (MyoD), a muscle-specific basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor in higher vertebrates. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of the myomaker gene has not been explored in marine fishes. In the present study, molecu
Yihong Tian, Yongmei Qi*, Sajid Naeem, Ke Gao and Yingmei Zhang*
...on cell survival using Hela cells, a cervical cancer cell line as a model. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. LDH leakage was determined using a LDH assay kit. Mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) was measured by flow cytometry. LC3 conversion and p62 expression were evaluated by western blot analysis. MTT assay revealed that spermidine decreased the viability of Hela cells in a dose-dependent manner in conjunction w...
Yasir Sharif1, Saba Irshad1*, Ammara Muazzam1, Muhammad Hamza Tariq1, Ambreen Kanwal1, Sana Rasheed1, Mabel Baxter Dalrymple2 and Anam Tariq1
...mplications in β thalassemia major (BTM) patients, the current study was carried on 408 subjects including 204 patients and 204 controls. For all 408 individuals; complete blood count (CBC), blood group, serum ferritin level and liver function tests were performed. Secondary complications were assessed by physical examination of pallor, splenomegaly, ascites, and hepatomegaly. The average±SD values of patients’ CBCs and liver enzymes were: re...
Fan Sigang1, Guo Yihui1* and Xu Youhou2
...ll;">Noble scallop (Chlamys nobilis) is an economically important cultured marine bivalve shellfish common in southern China. Investigation on the molecular regulatory mechanisms of gonadal maturation in scallop is critical in the aquacultural industry. Here, gonads in maturing stage were obtained from noble scallops and sequenced using an Illumina high-throughput sequencer, produci...
Zhi Chen1, Toshifumi Minamoto2, Longshan Lin3 and Tianxiang Gao4,*
...oncentration of Sepiella japonica extracted by three kits were (4.62 ± 0.72) × 105, (3.83 ± 0.56) × 105, and (2.35 ± 0.27) × 105 copies/300 ml, respectively. The eDNA concentrations by AxyPrep DNA Gel Extraction Kit were about 83% of that extracted by DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit. However, extracting cost of an eDNA sample using AxyPrep DNA Gel Extraction Kit was about 3.75% of that ...
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Ayman Balla Mustafa2, Nasir Ali Tauqir3, Riaz Hussain Mirza1, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Rana Muhammad Bilal4 and Muhammad Shahid Nabeel5
... world regarding its population. Mainly the camel production is in remote areas as pastoral system in desert ecosystem of Pakistan. Due to the urbanization, this husbandry system is changed and the cameleers are moving towards urban/peri-urban areas of arid and semi-arid environment. This study was planned to check its production potential in extensive management system (EMS) and semi-intensive management system (SIMS). The ...
Neelam Pery1*, Fatima Ijaz1, Nayab Batool Rizvi1, Munawar Ali Munawar1 and Muhammad Imtiaz Shafiq2*
... modes of action are available to deal with the disease but have failed to produce universal response leaving a large proportion of patients untreated. This is due to complex pathogenesis comprising a network of signaling pathways. By controlling one pathway, the pathogenesis continues through complementary pathways. Janus kinase and bruton’s tyrosine kinase regulates a number of T-c...
Shazia Rasheed1*, Javed Mustaquim2 and Khalil Hasni1
...rity was determined by relative growth (functional) as well as by examining the condition of gonads (physiological) in both sexes of Portunus pelagicus. During the study it was observed that the physiological and functional maturities occur almost at the same size which was from 68 to 75 mm short carapace width or 86 to 94 mm long carapace width. Male P. pelagicus matures ear...
Gautam Patra1*, Ana Sahara2, Sonjoy Kumar Borthakur1, Parthasarathi Behera3, Subhamoy Ghosh1, Apurba Debbarma4 and Seikh Sahanawaz Alam5
...18 to identify and molecularly characterize Plasmodium relictum based on cyt b gene in various species of wild birds (Upupa epops, Passer domesticus, Pycnonotus cafer, Bubulcus ibis). The birds were captured by netting system. After blood was collected from wing veins, birds were released from the cages. Blood samples were examined after staining with Giemsa stain. The positive sampl...
Comparative Analysis of Muscle Development in Zebrafish with Different Intermuscular-Bo nes Patterns
Jian Yang1, Guangxiang Tong2, Zhipeng Sun2, Xianhu Zheng2, Weihua Lv2, Dingchen Cao2, Xiaowen Sun2 and Youyi Kuang2*
...dy, we used an intermuscular-bones (imbs) partial deletion zebrafish (Danio rerio) mutant to analyze the impact of imbs deficiency on adjacent muscle development and growth by examining expression of muscle-specific genes and muscle structure. Five muscle-specific genes including myod, myog, myf5, mef2ca and sox6 were selected to test and verify the expression differences in embryonic development stages (3 hpf, 6 hpf, ...
Faiqah Ramzan1,2,*, Irfan Zia Qureshi2 and Muhammad Haris Ramzan3
...dotropins [Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)], secretion of testosterone and spermatogenesis were evaluated on alternate day for one spermatogenic cycle. Major techniques applied were; radioimmunoassay, light microscopy and stereology. Histological study of spermatogenesis was done at stage VII of spermatogenic cycle. After the treatment, in all groups, no alterations were observed in the levels of pla
Turgay Şişman1,*, Muhammet Çağrı Keskin1, Hatice Dane1, Şeymanur Adil1, Fatime Geyikoğlu1, Suat Çolak2 and Esra Canpolat1
...in marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus) in agricultural areas. The most prominent histopathological alterations observed in lung tissue were noted as epithelial hyperplasia, thickness of alveolar septa, dilatations and congestions of blood capillaries, and melanomacrophage accum...
Tasleem Akhtar1, 2, Ghazanfar Ali1,* and Nuzhat Shafi2
...metrics, length-weight relationships and condition factor are presented for commercially important Schizothoracinae from Neelum and Jhelum rivers during 2015-2016. In the present study, four species of Schizothorax had been found, in which three species were already reported (S. esocinus, S. plagiostomus and S. progastus) and one new species (S. niger) was found first time in AJK. One hundred and ...
Faryal Saad1,3, Zia Ur Rahman2, Aamir Khan3, Rabia Noushin4, Irfan Ullah5, Farman Ullah Dawar3,Shahid Naiz Khan3, Rafiqe Hussain6, Kenza Javed2, Abid ur Rehman7, Amna Fayaz3, Zohra Saifullah3 and Kalim Ullah3*
...seroprevalence and molecular detection of CMV infection among pregnant women of districts Lakki Marwat and Bannu of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A total of 188 blood samples were randomly collected from pregnant women of both districts and were examined through Enzyme-Linked Immunosorrbent Assay (ELISA) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for CMV. Out of total 88 samples, 73.40% were positive for CMV through ELISA and 57.44% were positive for CMV through PCR respective...
Feng Xu1,2,3*, Weikang Yang1,2,3*, Ming Ma1,2,3 and David A. Blank4
...="font-size: small;">Vigilance was defined as the behavior for increasing probability of detecting and recognizing a predator before being detected themselves. Group size, human disturbance, environment factors, body size of a prey and a predator, season, traits of species and numbers of others factors were thought to have significant impacts on vigilance. Here, in this study we considered only three of them: group size, dis...
Mushtaq Ahamd Khan1, Ziaul Islam2, *, Amin Ullah Jan3, Kamran Khan2 and Abdullah Shah3
..."font-size: small;">Toxoplasmosis is the most prevalent parasitic zoonotic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii that infects a wide range of warm-blooded animals including humans. Congenital infection with T. gondii during pregnancy can result in severe abnormalities in infants such as hydrocephalus and mental retardation. The present study was conducted to estimate seroprevalence and potential risk factors in a...
Yujun Zhao and Jianping Fan*
...ssess the effects of Kanglaite injection on apoptosis and expression of apoptosis-related factors Bcl-2 and Bax protein and the activities of Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 in colon cancer SW480 cells were studied. Compared with the control group without medication, the proliferation inhibition rate of cells processed with Kanglaite injection (10, 20 and 40 μL/mL) significantly increased (p...
Zeki Aras1*, Gökçenur Sanioğlu Gölen1, Zafer Sayin2 and Ali Evren Haydardedeoğlu3
..."font-size: small;">Chlamydophila abortus C. abortus cause placentitis, abortion, weak neonates and infertility in sheep and goats worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of C. abortus in abomasum content of aborted sheep and goat fetuses from provinces of the Central Anatolia of Turkey by PCR. A total of 105 aborted sheep fetuses and 15 aborted goat ...
Amna Arshad Bajwa1, Saher Islam1, Muhmmad Imran1, Karman Ashraf2, Arman Khan1, Muhammad Farhan Khan3, Imran Rashid2, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor1, Waseem Ahmad Khan4 and Wasim Shehzad1*
...ntification of wild ungulates is imperative and critical, particularly for juveniles. Accurate gender determination is important for studying ecology and conservation biology. Therefore, a simple molecular technique, that is precise with non-invasive sampling approaches such as faeces, would be valuable. In the present study a set of molecular markers w...
Mudussar Nawaz1, Iahtasham Khan2, Muhammad Shakeell*, Arfan Yousaf1, Zahid Naseer1, Munibullah1, Ali Zohaib3, Riaz Hussain4 and Qudrat Ullah5
...t-size: small;">Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis are important zoonotic pathogens. Brucellosis is an occupational hazard for veterinarians and animal handlers. The current work aimed to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in buffaloes and goats of Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan. A total of 341 milk samples from buffaloes (n=180) and goats (n=161) were scree...
Yahui Wang1, Ling Ren1, Yishen Xing1, Xin Hu1, 2, Qian Li1, Lingyang Xu1, Junya Li1* and Lupei Zhang1*
...-size: small;">Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is one of the most important factors determining beef quality and price. Intramuscular adipocytes develop from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in mesoderm. The mechanisms of preadipocytes differentiate into mature adipocytes to a great extent are clear, but the commitment of MSCs to preadipocytes is largely unknown. In this study, the P
...ter, Panulirus penicillatus in the southern coastal waters of Oman of the Arabian Sea. A single specimen was captured using a bottom set gill net at a depth of 12 m on 26 March 2019. It was male measuring 42.0 cm in total length, 17.2 cm in carapace length and weighed 3.15 kg. Description of morphological characters and illustrations are presented.
...
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Shahzad Akbar1, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Mustaqeem2, Muhammad Luqman3, Ijaz Asghar4 and Muhammada Asam Riaz1
... oils of ten indigenous plant species were evaluated for their insecticidal and repellency potential against the subterranean termite Odontotermes obesus Ramb, a destructive insect pest of wooden infrastructures, agricultural crops, orchards and forest plantations. Standard filter paper disc method was used for both toxicity and repellency bioassays according to completely randomized design. The response of termite wo...
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Afzal1,Muhammad Asam Riaz1,Kanwer Shahzad Ahmed1, Muhammad Luqman2, Mehar Zubair Shehzad1, Muhammad Bilal Tayyab1, Mujahid Tanvir1 and Saadia Wahid1
..."font-size: small;">This laboratory study encompasses comparative evaluation of insecticidal potential of indigenous ethnomedicinal flora of Soone Valley and surrounding Salt Range of Pakistan. Acetone extracts (10%) of forty plant species were evaluated against Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri), armyworm (Spodoptera litura), house mosquito (Culex quinquefasciatus) and subterranean termite (Odon...
Muhammad Ramzan, Unsar Naeem-Ullah*, Mudssar Ali and Hasan Riaz
...amina (L.) under the laboratory conditions. The results on different biological and morphological parameters showed that the fecundity of female ranged from 160 to 281 which increased its survival rate. Trilocha varians has five larval instars. The last instar changed its colour to dark reddish and look like branches of host plants. The male a...
Mehwish Saleem Khan
Evaluation of Changes in Zinc Levels in Patients Suffering from Cancer
...e to obesity, poor diet, lack of physical activity or excessive drinking of alcohol. Other factors include certain infections, exposure to ionizing radiation and environmental pollutants. In this study zinc level in serum of cancer patients was observed. For this purpose, the blood of 50 cancer patients was taken from MAYO HOSPITAL Lahore. The patients are suffering from different type of cancers such as, breast cancer, lung cancer, uterus cancer, oral cavity ...
Agustine Christela Melviana1, Rizkita Rachmi Esyanti1*, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Maizirwan Mel3, Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani4 and Juris Burlakovs5
Gene Expression Related to Steviol Glycoside Synthesis Produced in Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Shoot Culture Induced with High Far-Red LED Light in TIS RITA® Bioreactor System
...etic properties, hence a large number of plant source is required to supply the industry. To overcome the hindrances in the propagation of Stevia plants using in vivo methods, an alternative technique of propagation using in vitro methods is needed. The micropropagation method with the RITA® (Recipient for Automated Temporary Immersion System) is used in the production of a
Samia Ikram1*, Riaz ur Rehman1, Farwa Batool2 and Atyab Amjad3
Evaluation of Bird of Paradise for Commercial Flower Production by using Organic Manures
...ological conditions of Islamabad during 2016-2018. Following four treatments were designed: T1 (control), T2 (Top dressing with FYM), T3 (Top dressing with leaf manure), T4 (Top dressing with sewage sludge). Maximum plant height (93.53 cm), Number of suckers (4.20), Number of leaves (8.00), Number of flowers (4.11), Stem diameter (5.025 cm) and Spike diameter (5.03 cm) were contributed by T2whereas maximum spike length (61.2...
Mohammad Mohsin Faqeer1, Muhammad Aquil Siddiqui2*, Nighat Seema Soomro1, Shameem Raja3, Muhammad Tahir Khan2, Ghulam Shah Nizamani2, Fareen Deeba Soomro4 and Muhammad Mahran Aslam2
Impact of Row Spacing on the Growth and Yield Parameters of Lentil (Lens culinaris L) under Semi-arid Region of Pakistan
...at maximum germination, plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of pods plant-1, weight of 1000 seeds, seed yield, and early days to maturity were observed at 30 cm row spacing. Interaction of varieties x row spacing indicated that NIA Masoor 2016 showed the best performance at 30 cm row spacing. This genotype exhibited highest germination (97.02 %), pla
Jianjun Fu1, Shili Liu2, 3, Wenbin Zhu1, Yongyi Jia2, 3, Lanmei Wang1, Yufen Yang4, Zhimin Gu2, 3*and Zaijie Dong1*
...ected a significant correlation between exclusion probabilities for parent pairs (E-PP) and PIC (P<0.01). Simulation analysis revealed that a high assignment rate (>95%) was achieved when the number of candidate parents was less than 200. Meanwhile, real parentage analysis revealed that almost each offspring (135/136, 99.26%) was unambiguously assigned to a parent pair with high accuracy (100%), re...
Mumtazur Rahman1, Farhan Anwar Khan1,*,Umar Sadique1, Ijaz Ahmad1, Shakoor Ahmad1, Faisal Ahmad1,2, Hayatullah Khan1,3, Muhammad Saeed1, Faiz Ur Rehman1, Ibrar Hussain1, M. Faraz Khan1, M. Izhar ul Haque1 and Hanif-ur-Rehman1,3
...(CCPP) caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp) is a highly contagious and deadly disease of small ruminants, especially goats. It is an economically important disease, causing high morbidity and mortality in goats. More recently Mccp Pakistan strain has been identified and isolated by our laboratory. Alarmingly, antimi...
Xiaopeng Tang1,2* and Kangning Xiong1,2
...d by LPS. It can be speculate that EGF repaired the injured cells by reducing cell permeability and increasing the absorption of glutamine and glucose.
...
Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Youssef* and Suzan Abd-Elazeim Hassabo
The Role of Genetic Engineering in Management of Plant Parasitic Nematodes with Emphasis on Root-Knot Nematodes: A Review
...to any virus, bacteria, plasmid or other vector system in which they are capable of continued propagation. Azotobacter spp. with nematicidal activity could control root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. The development of such strains by genetic manipulation by transferring gene (s) required for saponins production is effective in increasing crop yield together with fixing nitrogen. Escherchia coli is still used as a hos...
Zubia Rahim1, Gulnaz Parveen1*, Salma Gul2 and Khushnood-ur-Rehman3
Ameliorating Effects of Salt Stress (KCl, NaCl) on Growth and Germination Parameters of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum americanum)
...="text-align: justify;">Plants facing many abiotic stresses in which salinity is considered as most pronounced factor to effect the plant growth. This research was performed to assess the effects of NaCl, KCl, a mixture of NaCl + KCl in various concentrations on the growth and germination of Pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum), locally named as Bajra. Five seeds sown in petri dishes to observe the radical, plumule length an...
Arifa Khan1*, Arsalan Bashir1, Shazia Erum2, Jabar Zaman Khan Khatak1 and Aish Muhammad3
Effects of 6-Benzylaminopurine and Indole-3-acetic Acid on Growth and Root Development of Banana Explants in Micropropagation
...mbinations of growth regulators 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP cytokinins family) and Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA auxin family) on growth and root induction of banana explants micro-propagated in vitro. Explants were obtained from young suckers of 8818-william, Pisang and Brazilian varieties. The explants were cultured in vitr...
Muhammad Abdullah1, Syed Attaullah Shah1, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai1, Jahangir Khan1*, Mohammad Fayaz1, Irfan Ullah1* and Sabeeh Ullah2
Analysis of Agricultural Land Price Determinants and Policy Implications for Controlling Residential and Commercial Encroachments: Facts from District Swabi (Pakistan)
...eristics of agricultural land parcels and identify important determinants of their prices in Swabi district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For this purpose, a sample of 79 land parcels, having transaction record for the year 2015-2017, was selected from 10 randomly chosen villages. Data were collected on their prices and their physical, agricultural and location characteristics. Descriptive statis...
Muhammad Yasir*, Mansoor ul Hasan, Muhammad Sagheer, Amer Rasul, Rameesha Amjad Ali and Habib ur Rehman
Evaluation of Spinosad Applied to Grain Commodities for the Control of Stored Product Insect Pests
...ts in mills, processing plants and storage facilities where these products are stored. The residual efficacy of spinosad was assessed by exposing the Oryzeaphilus surinamensis, Tribolium castaneum and Trogoderma granarium to the treated commodities (wheat, maize, rice and oats) at concentrations of 0.25, 0.50 and 1 mg Kg-1 under laboratory conditions maintained at 28 ± 2oC, 65 ± 5% RH and continuous darkness. S...
Sajid Khan* and Shahnaz Akhtar
Effect of Farm Labor Transformation on Households Income in Central Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...ssess the effect of farm labor transformation on households’ income in central three districts of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. Data on different aspects of farm labor transformation were collected through a well-designed and pre-tested questionnaire. Nine village councils from three districts were selected through random sampling techniques. The data were collected from 3...
Masoud Hassani1* and Omid Madadgar2,3
Serological Evidence of Bluetongue in Iran: A Meta-Analysis Study
...e domestic livestock populations of all tropical and subtropical countries. BT was first reported in Iran in 1972, however until now there is the absence of comprehensive information on the BT status in Iran. We aimed to present the seroprevalence on BT in farm animals of Iran based-on a meta-analysis study. The meta-analysis study was conducted in national and international databases to find articles which evaluated bluetongue seroprevalence by antibody-captu...
37th PAKISTAN CONGRESS OF ZOOLOGY (INTERNATIONAL) DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY, GC UNIVERSITY, FAISALABAD, PAKISTAN
38th PAKISTAN CONGRESS OF ZOOLOGY (INTERNATIONAL) DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB, LAHORE, Pakistan
Abdul Majid Khan1,*, Muhammad Tahir Waseem1, Rana Manzoor Ahmad2, Ayesha Iqbal1, Hafiza Imrana Naz1, Amtur Rafeh1 and Muhammad Ameen1
...ragus noyei from the late Miocene deposits of Dhok Pathan Formation, Chakwal, Pakistan. The sample comprises maxillary and mandibular fragments along with isolated upper and lower teeth. The morphometric analysis of the dental specimens led us to recognize the sample as belonging to Eotragus noyei, which has been considered as the smallest and...
Yaqiu Liu1, Zhijian Wang 2, Xinhui Li 1*, Jianrong Zhao2 and Weitao Chen 1
...3 d acclimation. The catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the gill and gut in P. dabryanus were examined in all three groups after the 7 d stress acclimation, 1 d later, and after a 3 d recovery. It was found that CAT and SOD activity in the gill, foregut, and midgut in the air-exposed group were much lower than in the control group. After recovery for 1 d, CAT activity in the gill and middle gut ...
Muhammad Mohsin1, Yin Hengbin2,* and Zhang Luyao3
...stry of the China is the largest in world which is usually believed to be facing overexploitation risk. In this condition, it becomes necessary to estimate stock status of fishery resources particularly having commercial importance. Thus, this study is the first time attempt to know whether Spanish mackerel, a major landed fishery resource in Shandong, China, is experiencing overexploitati...
Ye Ge1,2,3, Qiucheng Yao1, Hongliang Chai3, Yuping Hua3* and Guohua Deng2*
... reservoirs of viruses, play active roles in influenza virus transmission and reassortment. To further evaluate the potential infection risk of H6 AIVs from wild birds, we inoculated these viruses into A549 cells, which showed that these wild bird H6 AIVs have acquired the ability to cross interspecific barriers and have the potential to infect mammals. We analysed the level of cytokine expression in response to four H6 AIVs...
Inga Kowalewska-Łuczak1 and Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska2,*
...lstein-Friesian cattle (black and white variety). Analysis of genotypes of individual species was carried out using the PCR-RFLP. The frequency of the most occurring alleles for the individual polymorphisms studied was the following g.18174 A>G NCF4 gene A-0.807;
Syed Zakir Hussain Shah1*, Muhammad Afzal2, Mahroze Fatima3, Syed Makhdoom Hussain4 and Tanveer Ahmed5
...ed PHY sprayed diet. Similarly, CA addition in the diet resulted in increased (p<0.05) digestibility of these nutrients. Also, the minerals digestibility was significantly (p<0.05) affected by top spraying of phytase on the diet pellets. Fish having CA acidified diet also showed improved (p<0.05) minerals digestibility performance. Interaction plots showed synergistic effect of both the supplements for crude fat and gross e...
Jin-Juan Wan, Mei-Fang Shen*, Hui Xue, Hong-Yan Liu, Mei-Qin Zhang, Xi-He Zhu and Chong-Hua Wang
...crayfish Procambarus clarkia (average weight: 3.01±0.02 g). Crayfish were randomly assigned to one of five feeding frequencies (1,2,3,4 and 5 times/day, F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5) following the same ration size for 60 days. After the feeding trial, fish were challenged with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and cumulative mortality was recorded for the next 4 days. The results showed that the weight gain rate (WGR) ...
Yonghua Liu*, Xianhua Li, Xiongfei Yan and Gang Li
...es in North China. Under laboratory conditions (temperature 25 ± 1ºC, 80 ± 5% relative humidity, photoperiod 14L:10D), the effect of the 4 host plants Armeniaca vulgaris (apricot), Malus pumila (apple), Prunus salicina (plum), and Amygdalus persica (peach) on the growth, development, survival, reproduction, ...
Xuya Zhou1, Ying Liu1, Deqin Xu1, Jie Bao1, Yaru Cao2 and Yong Jin3*
...e the risk of cardiovascular disease, such as thiazolidine diketone: rosiglitazone, selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors: rofecoxib, celecoxib. This study was aimed to find out whether unification of two drugs would increase cardiovascular side effects. Type 2 diabetic rat model was induced through feeding with fodder containing high sugar and lipid and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The adjuvant-induced...
Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Atiq Ur Rahman and Anwar Saeed Khan
Assessment of Irrigation Development in the Small Dams Command Area: A Case Study of Palai Dam, District Charsadda
...lly in rain-fed areas. Palai dam is a small irrigation dam, constructed on River Jindi, some 40 km north of Charsadda town. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the impact of the Palai dam on the irrigation system of selected villages of tehsil Tangi. The study is based on an analysis of revenue data acquired from revenue office Tangi, between 2008-09 to 2016-17. The geospatial anal...
Inam Ur Rahman1, Syed Faizan Iftikhar2, Sanam Wagma Khattak3*, Wajahat Ali1, Azra4 and Sajad Ali1
South Asian Experience of Trade Liberalization: Implications for Food Security
...henomenon having four pillars like availability of food, access to food, utilization of food and stability of food, where each pillar consist of several indicators. This study have two main objectives; computation of food security various dimensions indices and a composite food security index and exploring the link between trade liberalization and food security various dimensions, in the c...
Syed Muhammad1*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui2, Farhat Ullah Khan1 and Nawab Khan3
Self-perceived Constraints of Extension Field Staff Affecting their Working Efficiency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
... is the dissemination of latest agricultural technologies to educate the farmers’ community about how to use new applications and techniques of modern technology for the purpose to increase agricultural production. The efficiency of EFS is, therefore, reflected by the farmers’ adoption level of modern recommended technology. The current study was designed and conducted during February 2018 for the purpose to find out self-perceived main constraints...
Ghulam Murtaza1*, Muhammad Ramzan2, Amna Razzaq4, Muhammad Numan3, Rukhsar Beanish4, Ayesha Zafar4, Muhammad Shan Latif3 and Muhammad Adnan3
Screening of Brinjal (Solanum melongena) Varieties against Jassid, Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla
...gn: justify;">Brinjal (Solanum melongena) is a very important and nutritious vegetable grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Both nymphs and adults of Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla suck the cell sap from underside the leaves resulting in leaves curling and yellowing. Jassid (Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla)...
Asifa Kamal1*, Ghazala Noreen1 and Muhammad Amin2
Trends and Determinants of Fertility in Pakistan: Multivariate Decomposition Analysis (PDHS 1990-91 to PDHS 2012-13)
...ing problem of rapid population growth. Objective of current study is to identify the demographic, economic and attitudinal factors affecting fertility in Pakistan for the three waves of cross sectional Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys (PSHS 1990-91, PDHS 2006-07 and PDHS 2012-13). Multivariate decomposition analysis and pooled cross section techniques are used to analyse the data. It is concluded from multivariate pooled analysis of three surveys that ...
Adeen Kiran1, Umar Farooq Gohar1*, Ayesha Farooq1, Malik Muhammad Asif2 and Hamid Mukhtar1
Redressal of Antibiotic Resistance using Plant Extracts
...ytochemicals present in plants and its ability to kill these pathogens and microbial inability to develop resistance against these pathogens. Therefore, the trend has been shifting from using synthetic or semi-synthetic antibiotics to the use of medicinal plants which are the part and parcel of traditional medicines. Thus, this review article explains the different mechanisms adopted by mi...
Yifan Ni1, Jian Liu1, Fen Wu1, Jianfeng Cai1, Jinzhi Zhang1*, Jianqing Hua2 and Jiping Fu2
Saima Siddique1* and Zarrien Ayub2
...nt-size: small;">The population structure of Echinometra mathaei was studied monthly from May 2011 to November 2012 at a rocky shore of Buleji, Pakistan, Northern Arabian Sea. The test diameter and total weight showed significant temporal variations. The test diameter/wet weight and test height/wet weight relationships followed negative allometry while test height/test diameter showed an isometric re
Muhammad Jahanzaib1*, Nazakat Nawaz1, Muhammad Arshad1, Shehzadi Saima4, Muhammad Suhaib2, Muzammil Husain3, Haris Khurshid1 and Shahid Ali Khan1
Effect of Temporal Application of Gypsum on Mineral Uptake and Economically Important Morphometric Traits in Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L) under Rain-fed Conditions
...eatments for yield and related agronomic traits as well as mineral concentration in response to gypsum application. The highest pod yield (3522.2kg/ha), root biomass (9.03g/ plant), and nodules (382/ plant) were observed in treatment T3. The calcium concentration (0.80 %) in shoots of T3 was the highest. In the present study application of gypsum at the time of sowing and pegging was found...
Muhammad Iqbal1, Muhammad Ehetisham ul Haq1*, Muhammad Kamran1, Muhammad Idrees1, Shahid Nazir2, Ihsan Ullah3, Sumera Naz1, Shaukat Ali1 and Muhammad Zafar Iqbal2
Morpho-Molecular Characterization of Xanthomonas Axonopodis Pv. Citri Associated with Kinnow (Mandarin) and its Management
...justify;">Millions of dollars have been spent annually on quarantines, prevention, eradication and management programs around the globe. The present study was coined to record the incidence of the disease in the Sargodha districts of the Punjab province. Furthermore, isolated bacterium from diseased samples was characterized morphologically and molecularly. The rel...
Arshad Mahmood Malik1*, Hafiz Muhammad Tayyab1, Muhammad Arshad Ullah2 and Muhammad Talha Bilal3
Dynamics of Salinity and Land Use in Punjab Province of Pakistan
...t for 207.77 million populations. This economy is mainly threatened by salinity which is expanding to 6.28 mha, thus developing wasteland of 2 m ha due to presence of highsalinity. The injudicious use of brackish underground water is one of the major factorsresponsible for increased salinity ultimately effecting productivity in Pakistan. Salinity hasdevastating socio- economic impact on farmer’s micro economy in Pakist...
Luqman* and Zahid Hussain
Impact of Tillage Tools and Weeding Regimes on Nutritive Values of Maize Grains
...zam’ was sown in a layout of RCB design with split-plot arrangement, replicated four times. Data were recorded on the nutritive status of maize grains including crude protein content, fat content, ash content and dry matter content of the maize grains. The results showed 13% protein content, 5.8 % fat content, 0.93 % ash content and 89.6 % dry matter content in the maize grains, which were the higher values achieved in plots treated with mouldboard ploug...
Anjali Khadka1*, Subodh Raj Pandey2, Subarna Sharma Acharya3, Amrit Poudel4 and Sushma Adhikari1
Morphological Evaluation and Multivariate Analysis of Soybean Glycine max (L.) Merrill Genotypes in Western Mid-Hills of Nepal
... soybean genotypes were placed out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. According to mean performance, the genotypes F778817, G-1873 and KAVRE performed better and were found high yielding. Phenotypic coefficient of variation was found to be higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation for all traits. Most of the traits observed were moderate to highly heritable accompanied by the desirable level of genotypic and phenotypic coef...
Ahmed Weli Hussein Osman1,2, Rakibul Islam1, Md. Bazlar Rashid1, Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud2,3* and Pravin Mishra4
Nanoparticle Tactics for the Oral Delivery of Insulin in Alloxan-Induced Hyperglycemia in Rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica) Model
...od glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin, and body weight. Blood glucose levels were increased significantly (P<0.05) in all treated groups compared to the negative control group. Similarly, bodyweight was decreased significantly (P<0.05) in all alloxan treated groups compared to negative control. There was significant falling in blood glucose level in insulin with nanoparticle treated group (T3) compared to only insu...
Shafii Abdullahi Mohamed1, Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud2*, Yonis Abukar Mohamed3, Pravin Mishra4 and Osman Sheikh Ali Jama5
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Population Towards Brucellosis in Benadir Region, Somalia
...de, and practices of population towards Brucellosis. In this study, a total of 120 participants share their knowledge, attitude, and practices towards Brucellosis. Their knowledge regarding causative agent was 37.5% (n=45) and the disease was 45% (n=54), while transmission of animal to human was 43.33% (n=52). The majority of participants would take actions to ensure the animal is healthy when they buy 95% (n=114), all participants would like to receive more i...
Abdul Hameed1*, Ihtsham ul Haq Padda2 and Abdul Salam3
Estimating Food Consumption Patterns in Pakistan by Using Ideal Demand System
...ducts is less than unit elastic to expenditure elasticity at the country and regional levels. Cross price elasticity assessment demonstrates that the most nutritious food items, such as fruit, milk and meat, are complementary products as compared to wheat, pulse and vegetables in Pakistan as well as urban and rural areas. The regional analysis indicates that the gross and net substitute im...
Muhammad Ali Shah, Faiz Ur Rehman, Abbas Mehmood, Fareed Ullah, Sayed Irfan Shah and Syed Majid Rasheed*
Combining Ability, Heritability and Gene Action Assessment in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) for Yield and Yield Attributes
...ere collected for pods related traits and total yield. The results of the study showed significant differences among parents and F1’s for all the studied traits. General and specific combining ability analysis revealed non-significant results for the traits under consideration, suggesting the involvement of non-additive type of gene action. A higher broad sense heritability estimate was evident. It was concluded from the combining ability analysis of the...
Sidra Shehzadi, Sher Bahadar Khan*, Umar Sadique and Saqib Nawaz
Isolation and Molecular Identification of Clostridium perfringens Type D in Goats in District Peshawar
... domestic animals particularly sheep and goat widespread in Pakistan due to endemic outbreak in every spring season; therefore the current study was conducted for isolation and molecular identification of new strains of C. perfringens Type D for effective diagnosis, treatment and vaccination. A total of 100 fecal samples were collected aseptically from four different zones of d...
Ghulam Rabbani1, Uzma Javed1*, Javed Iqbal2, Ruqeah Mustafa3, Ghulam Shabbir2 and Fida Hassan Shah4
Barani Mash a Newly Developed Disease Resistant and High Yielding Mash Cultivar for Rainfed Areas of Punjab, Pakistan
...were number of pods per plant, number of primary branches per plant, yield per plant and 100-kernal weight. Based on desirable traits and higher yield, this line was approved with name of “Barani Mash” by the Punjab Seed Council for its cultivation on commercial level in rainfed areas of Punjab. “Barani Mash” will prove to be a good alternative of existing cultivars...
Muhammad Shahzad Akbar, Farrukh Sajjad, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Luqman, Muhammad Asam Riaz and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed*
Field Evaluation of Promising Botanical Extracts, Plant Essential Oils and Differential Chemistry Insecticides against Subterranean Termites Odontotermes obesus (Isoptera: Termitidae)
...ops, forest and orchard plantations and wooden infrastructures. A wide range of persistent synthetic chemicals are employed to prevent and control the infestations of subterranean termites. Most of these chemicals have high mammalian toxicity and environmental hazards. This study was, therefore, aimed to evaluate the efficacy of some promising botanical extracts (Dodonaea viscosa, Gardenia jasminoides and Nerium indicum), pla
Muhammad Luqman1*, Roshan Hussain1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Muhammad Umer Mehmood1, Ijaz Asghar2 and Usman Saleem1
Comparative Analysis of Dietary Intake Patterns of Rural and Urban Communities of Southern Punjab, Pakistan
... and sugars was much popular and urban community of study area was much inclined towards the food group of carbohydrates. Specifically, in breakfast both of the communities prefer proteins with fats and sugar commodities. In lunch rural community is much attracted towards carbohydrates and dairy products, while urban community prefers wheat bread with fruits and vegetables. Fruits, dry fruits and legumes are a best source of attaining maximum micro and macro n...
Amjed Ali1, Rafi Qamar1*, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Salman Saleem2, Sami Ullah3, Muhammad Arshad Javed4 and Syed Wasim Hasan5
Development and Growth: Influence of Sowing Dates on Performance of Cotton Cultivars
...fluctuation during crop planting is the leading hindrance in its production. Therefore, this one-year field experiment was performed to assess the result of varying cultivars and sowing dates on developmental and allometric traits of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under the agro-ecological conditions at Sargodha, Punjab, during Kharif season, 2015. The study consisted of i) three cultivars viz. Bt. FH-142, Bt. MNH-886 and FDH-170 and ii) three sowing dates viz...
Sajid Ali1, Abdul Basit1,3*, Abdul Mateen Khattak1, Syed Tanveer Shah1, Izhar Ullah2, Noor Alam Khan3, Imran Ahmad1, Kamran Rauf1, Salman Khan1, Irfan Ullah1 and Intizar Ahmad1
Managing the Growth and Flower Production of Zinnia (Zinnia elegans) through Benzyle Amino Purine (BAP) Application and Pinching
...1N5) generally act as a plant metabolite and growth retardant. It encourages the growth and cell division of dormant buds and bushiness of plant by reducing its height. Similarly, pinching of terminal branches increase the cytokinins and decrease auxin concentrations flourishing the axillary buds. A research study on the growth and production of zinnia f...
Shujaat Ali1,2*, Tariq Ahmad Jan3, Khalil Ur Rahman3, Shah Masaud Khan2, Ijaz Hussain2, Waseem Ahmad2, Qasim Ayub2, Muhammad Abbas1 and Israr Ahmad1
Effect of Room Condition on Sweetening and other Chemical Components of Different Cultivars of Potato in Swat District
...ext-align: justify;">The lab experiment was conducted in 2016-2017, to evaluate the influence of storage at room condition on sweetening and other chemical components of potato tubers in Swat District, Pakistan. Tubers of the three cultivars, Desiree Diamont and Kruda were stored at room condition in three replications for 90 days. Data was recorded at 0 day (fresh) and at 15 days interval on Reducing Sugars (RS), Total Sugars (TS), Dry Matter (DM), Total Star...
Ali Zohaib1*, Habib Ullah2, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum2, Tahira Tabassum2, Muzzammil Hussain1, Mohsin Nawaz3, Ghulam Abbas4 and Sohail Irshad5
Effect of NPK Fertilization Strategies on Growth, Yield, Nutrient Use Efficiency and Economic Benefits of Relay Intercropped Wheat in Cotton
...f different strategies related to NPK fertilization timing viz. T1 (control, no NPK application), T2 (all PK at sowing, ½ N at tillering and ½ at booting), T3 (½ PK at sowing, ½ NPK at tillering and ½ N at booting), T4 (all PK at sowing, ½ N at sowing and ½ at tillering), T5 (all PK at tillering, ½ N at tillering and ½ at booting), T6 (all PK at tillering and N at booting) and T7 (all NPK at sowing...
Muhammad Saeed Shah1, Fazal Nasir2, Sana Ul Haq1 and Muhammad Tahir Khan2*
... theory governs the stimulation and suppression of an antibody in response to an antigen. Clonal selection theory represents how immune cells mutate and proliferate into memory cells. The methodology presented in this paper is autonomous and de-centralized. In the proposed system, the robots work effectively to complete a task either alone or co-operatively. Specifically, the coordination and communication among various robots are established based on the conc...
Numan Habib1*, Muftooh Ur Rehman Siddiqi1 and Riaz Muhammad2
Thermal Simulation of Grain During Selective Laser Melting Process in 3D Metal Printing
...In this paper, effect of laser scanning speed and grain size of powder of three different materials Aluminum 7075, AM100A Magnesium and UNS C85500 yellow brass are investigated. A Gaussian distribution type laser having 100-watt power and 100 m spot size is used. Simulation is carried out on a single grain, directly exposed to the laser. The prime goal o...
Imran Ahmad Rana*, Muhammad Ali Yab and Ch. Abdul Rehman
Quality Engineering Tools Implementation a Comparison of Indian and Pakistani Business Organizations
... regression analysis display that there are also differences between the critical success factors (CSFs) of six sigma implementation in Indian and Pakistani organizations. Elements like management commitment and six sigma deployment strategies were found significant in explaining variability of six sigma results in the region. Results show that the countries were found similar on effect of...
Muhammad Amir1*, Syed Waqar Shah1, Salman Ilahi1 and Michael J. Pont2
Integrating TTC-SC5 and TTC-SC6 “Shared-Clock” Protocols
... for addressing issues relating to Time-Triggered Cooperative (TTC) scheduling, Time Triggered bus-based CAN networks and the Single Point of Failure (SPF) hypothesis in star networks. In this paper, we present a mechanism for integrating the properties of both protocols in one. We present an amalgamation of protocols that result in a new protocol which addresses all the above stated issues on a single platform....
Muhammad Kashif Khan1*, Muhammad Wasim Jan Khan2, Kaleem Ullah Jan Khan3, Muhammad Ishaq Khan4, Muhammad Faheem Jan Khan5 and Abdul Salam Lodhi6
Impacts of Construction Risk Attributes on Organizational Performance of Registered Construction Companies in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...gn: justify;">Billion dollars construction industry almost everywhere in the world is struggling with issues regarding well-organized risk management. Due to the fact that having complex nature and involvement of numerous parties, the chances of being more prone to the unseen risk factors causing extensive delays, over budgeting, and underrated quality are quite recurring. A broad extent of literature is avai
Mohammad Adil1*, Muhammad A. Khan2, Naveed Ahmed1, Edward Bromhead3, Muhammad A. Arshad1, Muhammad Fahad1, Shahid Ullah1 and Khan Shahzada1
Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Column Staggering in Flat Slabs Systems
...d cast in-situ concrete slabs, there is no flexibility in repositioning columns without compromising structural framing plan, to conserve space. Although, column repositioning is achievable in flat slabs, it is difficult to practice because of non-availability of design guidelines taking care of haphazardly p
Mehreen Ijaz
Effect of Weave Type on Tensile Strength of Cotton Fabrics
...al purposes. Because it plays an important role in determining the performance behavior of finished fabric. Weaving is one of the commonly used technique and different types of weaves have different effects on mechanical and physical properties of fabrics. The study was experimental in nature. It was aimed at investigating the effect of weave type on tensile strength of cotton fabrics manufactured with various interlacing pa...
Muhammad Farooq, Shahid Bashir* and Salman Ilahi Siddiqui
Beam Steerable and Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna Array for 5G Mobile Networks
...ty has been achieved by placing two switches inside an etched slot on patch antenna, which resulted in a matched bandwidth of 5.29 GHz (24.13 to 29.42 GHz). Beam steering has been achieved by placing the proposed antenna array along three different edges of a mobile phone and energizing only one array at a given time. The proposed antenna array has increased maximum directivity up to 14 dB and maximum gain up to 13 dB. Furth...
Jun Yan Bai1*, Ren Tao Di Wu2, Qiang Zhang2, Di Bao2, Le Ma Dao2 and Xing Hua Tian3
...ian camels, and the correlation between microsatellite markers and their body size was analyzed to find microsatellite markers associated with the body size traits of Sonid bactrian camels, so as to provide reference for marker-assisted selection of Sonid bactrian camels. The results showed that 64 alleles were detected in 17 microsatellite markers. The average number of alleles was 3.7647, the average heterozygosity was 0.6205, and the average polymorphism in...
Muhammad Faisal Ayoob1,2, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1, Asghar Ali Kamboh3, Mansoor Ayoob4, Waseem Ali Vistro3 and Abdul Sattar Baloch3*
...b>50)via intramuscular and oral routes, respectively, whereas, birds of group Q3 and M3were kept in contact exposure with VVND virus infected chickens. Clinical signs were observed in Japanese quails and mynas on 4th day post-inoculation. The major clinical signs were green yellowish diarrhea, ruffled feathers, anorexia and torticollis in all groups except Q3. The mean clinical scores and mean death time (da...
Haseeb Nisar1, Usman Pasha1, Kiran Hanif1, Rizwan Abid1, Rehan Ahmad Khan Sherwani2, Haja N. Kadarmideen3 and Saima Sadaf1*
...in the overall world population, and in the subgroup analysis of Asian and Caucasian populations. The results showed that in overall population, IL-6 -572 G/C shows a significant association towards increased risk of RA in allelic (OR=0.8130, 95%CI=0.708-0.932, p=0.003), co-dominant and dominant models; same hold true for the Asian population. Stratifica...
Zhilong Tian1, 2, Yuqin Wang2, Jishun Tang1,3 and Mingxing Chu1*
... amino acid changes. Population genetic analysis indicated that SYNE2 gene g.73310578G>A, g.73312791A>G showed moderate polymorphism (0.25<PIC<0.5) in Small Tail Han sheep. Furthermore, g.73310578G>A and g.73312791A>G loci were closely linked in STH (r2 > 0.33). Association analysis results showed that g.73310578G>A and g.73312791A>G SNPs significantly affected litter size (P < 0.05). In addition, the litt...
Q. Sun1, Q. Liu1, R. Di1, Y. Wang1, S. Gan2, S. Liu2, X. Wang1, W. Hu1, X. Cao1, Zh. Pan1, X. Guo1, Y. Yang3, H.E. Rushdi4* and M. Chu1*
...crucial protein for cellular de novo lipogenesis. THRSP gene encodes a nuclear protein which regulates fatty acid synthesis in lipogenic tissues. Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of sheep THRSP gene and their association with fat deposition were investigated using Altay and White Suffolk sheep. In addition, the messenger RNA expression profiling of THRSP in fat-tailed and thin-tai...
Sukhpreet Kaur Sidhu*, Gurkirat Singh Sekhon, Randeep Kaur Aulakh and Tejdeep Kaur Kler
...ze: small;">Ponds in farmlands are an integral component of the hydrological system; and perform diverse roles in the biosphere. The present study on ponds was carried out on avian diversity and its services of composition in relation to vegetation distribution to understand their biodiversity. Four natural ponds and one man-made pond were surveyed at three locations viz. Ludhiana (location I), Ropar (location II) and Ferozp...
Saima Yaqub1, Tahir Yaqub1*, Muhammad Zubair Shabbir2, Asif Nadeem3, Aziz-Ul-Rahman1, Muhammad Furqan Shahid1, Zarfishan Tahir4 and Nadia Mukhtar4
...ission among general population through different ways. Therefore, an understanding towards current status of HIV prevalence and genomic characteristics of circulating strains is crucial to devise and implement necessary interventions to control disease in developing countries like Pakistan. A total of 201 plasma samples were collected from IDUs. Samples were first screened using HIV-1 Ag/...
Chaojie Yang1,2,3, Haishan Wang1,2,3, Le Ye1,2,3 and Zhi Chen1,2,3,*
...ported as Congresox talabonoides (Bleeker, 1853) for the first time. Muraenesox bagio was diagnosed by: (1) head narrower, interorbital width (IOW)<10% HL; (2) lateral-line pores before anus (PALL) 33 to 39; (3) dorsal-fin rays before anus (PADR) 49 to 57; (4) vertebrae 131 to 140; (5) red-brown to red color on the pectoral fin; when fresh the body is pale yellow with it being darker above and pale below; th...
Salim Raza1*, Khan Gul Jadoon2, Sajjad Hussain1, Zahid ur Rehman1, Saira Sherin1 and Noor Muhammad1
Mitigation Plan for Identified Problems Faced by the Marble Industry in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
...Pakistan and mitigation plan is proposed to overcome these problems with the aim to develop the marble mining sector for improved product quality and subsequent processing for efficient mining and export of marble according to international standards....
Mardan Aghabey Turghan1, Roller MaMing1*, Li Weidong2, Di Jie1 and Xu Guohua1
...Robin Accentor (Prunella rubeculoides), Tibetan Rosefinch (Carpodacus roborowskii) and Japanese Sparrowhawk (Accipiter gularis) are being reported for the first time from Xinjiang. Among them, Blue-cheeked Bee-eater is reported from China for the first time.
...
Jiawei Zhang1,2, Thomas Quirke1, Shibao Wu2*, Shaoshan Li2 and Fidelma Butler1
... Wildlife Park, Cork, Ireland, gathered during daytime observations over a six month period. The results show that penguins spent most of the daytime in stationary, terrestrial locomotion, preening and swimming modes of behavior, and swimming activity increased on rainy days. Peak activity took place from 16:00 to 17:00 hours, especially before and after feeding. The behavior of penguins was significantly affected by the num...
Zohaib Ahmad Hassan1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Aftab2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Usman Saleem3, Ayesha Zafar1, Imran Shehzad1, Aneela Riaz4, Khurshid Ahmad Mufti5 and Aamer Sattar2
Toxic Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on Growth and Yield of Rice
... many soils out of total lands are occupied by sodic soils which in turn is upsetting farmer’s income and cause soil quality decline. This trial was led to appraise the toxic consequences of NaHCO3 on growth as well as rice yield parameters. Various levels of NaHCO3 or Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) were developed in the normal soil. This experiment comprised of 7 treatments that were repeated three times according to Completely Randomized Design (CRD). T...
Bilal Pervaiz Khan1, Neelam Ara1, Shujaat Ali1,2*, Kamran Khurshid Baigh1 and Abdul Wahab1
Effect of Seed Priming on Radish with Different Nutrients at Various Soaking Durations
...mergence (9.1), tallest plant height (41 cm), yield of leaves plant-1 (14.4), leaf area (295.8 cm2), root length (20.6 cm), root weight in g (522.4) root diameter in cm (4.51), and total yield (23.8 tones ha-1) were obtained when seeds were soaked in DAP solution. In case of storage duration, The maximum germination percentage (82.5 %), survival percentage (84.4 %), plant height (43.7cm), ...
Site Selection of Solar Farms Deploying Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (F-AHP) A KPK Based Study
Rehman Akhtar1, Khizar Azam2, Abdur Rehman Babar1, Qazi Salman Khalid1, Rashid Nawaz1 and Imran Ahmad1
... line-height: normal;">Solar energy that is produced through solar farms is a freely available, renewable source of energy that reduces greenhouse effect. It holds utmost importance in a developing country with power shortcomings and pollution issues. Choosing the best site for a solar farm amid various location alternatives is a complex multiple criteri...
Li Yao1,2,3, AnQing Zhang1,2,3, HaiYan Zhang2, Jian Shao1,2,3, Ming Wen2,4, ChangAn Wang5, HaiBo Jiang1,2,3,* and Ming Li6,*
...higher muscle Phe, Gly, Ala, delicious amino acids contents than that in EUO-0 (p < 0.05), and fish in EUO-20 had significantly higher muscle Ala content than that in EUO-0 (p < 0.05). Fish in EUO-10 showed significantly higher 22:1n-9 content in muscle than that in EUO-0 (p < 0.05). Contents of 18:3n-6 in muscle of EUO-5 and EUO-40 groups were significantly lower than that of EUO-0 group (p ...
Adnan Khan1, Rifat Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2, Muhammad Mobashar3, Ali Gohar4, Shakoor Ahmad1, Kamran Khan5, Hamayun Khan1 and Shabana Naz6*
...ressive motility, sperm plasma membrane integrity were observed in T2. It reflects high damages at T3 and T1 due to cryo shock and oxidative stress respectively. Sperm DNA integrity and pH were increased linearly from T1 to T3. The dead sperm percentage was significantly (P<0.01) low in groups with semen sample treated with T2 compared to other groups. Significantly (P<0.01) high sperm individual motility percentage was observed for T2 than T3 and T1. Sp...
Yuan Xing, Congming Tan, Yan Luo and Wenjun Liu*
...">Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease, characterized by reversible goblet cells, smooth muscle hyperplasia, airflow obstruction, hyperactivity enhanced, ultra-structural remodeling, and airway mucus production. The current experimental study was aimed at scrutinizing quercetin’s inhibitory effect on airway inflammation in mice and its possible mechanism of action. The mic...
Muhammad Riaz1*, Zahida Tasawar1, Muhammad Zaka Ullah2 and Zawar Hussain3
Parasitological and Molecular Survey on Theileriosis of Sheep and Goats and the Related Risk Factors in Musa Pak Shaheed Town, Multan, Pakistan
... diagnose Theileria piroplasms. During sampling, blood was amassed by puncturing the jugular vein in eppendorf comprising EDTA as anticoagulant coated tubes for the detection of Theileria piroplasms. DNA was extracted from collected samples and subjected to PCR amplification to determine ovine and caprine theileriosis. Through a questionnaire, the data r...
Said Sajjad Ali Shah1*, Muhammad Ilyas Khan1, Aziz Ullah1, Hayat Ullah2 and Faisal Ahmad2
Coprological Examination of Small and Large Ruminants in Central Zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
...l parasites in small and large ruminants in central zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For this purpose, a total of 1700 fecal samples were received from central districts and processed for coprological examination. Out of 1700 samples, 947 samples (55.7%) were positive for intestinal parasites. Specie wise prevalence of GI parasites was recorded as 51.5% in cows, 58.3% in buffalo, 73.9 % in sheep and 68.5% in goats. Trichostrongylus (32.8%) was recorded as highly pr...
Zarqa Khalid1*, Muhammad Asad ur Rehman Naseer1, Raza Ullah1 and Shahzad Khan2
Measuring the Global Trade Competitiveness of Pakistan’s Cotton Crop
... advantage indices and relative competitive advantage indices such as Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), Relative Import Advantage (RMA), Relative Export Advantage (RXA) and Relative Trade Advantage (RTA). The data were taken from the International Trade Center (ITC) UN-COMTRADE Statistics of cotton exp...
Sanaullah1*, Abdul Basit2 and Inayat Ullah3
Challenges and Prospects of Farm Mechanization in Pakistan: A Case Study of Rural Farmers in District Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
...s of the farmers and available machinery. A total of 240 rural farmers were randomly selected from two local union councils of provincial government Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Peshawar. The accumulated data were analysed using mean and standard deviation with an acceptance mean value of ≥3.00 and estimating logit model. Socio demographic features revealed that majority (52%) were in middle age group of 41-50 years, 64% were liter...
Arnab Tanveer, Shabana Naz*, Azhar Rafique and Asma Ashraf
...treatment and brought to laboratory for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Direct smear method and fecal floatation technique was used for isolation and identification of endo-parasites. Modified McMaster technique was used to calculate Eggs per gram. The data was subjected to ANOVA and Tukey-HSD (post hoc test). Six species of endo-parasites were identified from Jallo Wildlife Park. <...
Hongqun Li1*, Xiaoli Liu2*, Zongxian Han1, Shabin Wu1 and Changlei Cao1
..., and higher sheltering class. The overall classification model developed from these seven variables helped distinguish foraging sites from random ones at probability of 90.2%; while day-roosting sites tended to be found in the areas of higher altitude, smaller tree cover, lower shrub cover and height, lower herb height and sheltering class, far away from households, and close to woodside ...
Ehsan Kashani1, Hamid Reza Rezaei2*, Morteza Naderi3 and Nematolah Khorasani4
...alian species and their plasticity in ever-changing environments is emphasized by scientists and conservation biologists. Central deserts and steppes of Iran host a different kind of insectivores like hedgehogs; however, their ecology and genetic properties are rarely documented. For species of hedgehogs that are included in the subfamily Erinaceinae, at least four known species are listed for Iran. Brandt’s (Paraechinus hypome
Muhammad Shafiq1,2,*,Rajwali Khan1, Ilyas Ali3, Sadeeq Ur Rahman4, Saif Ullah3, Shah Jan Mohammad2, Mohammad Jan2 and Jinhu Huang2
... (P<0.05) correlation found for pre-partum IgG with postpartum STP and calf serum IgG. The results revealed that Achai breed had better potentials for serum and colostrum immunoglobulins (IgG) and total proteins (STP) production under local environment than HF and Jersey. Calf serum immunoglobulin concentration was affected by cattle breed type and showed a positive correlation with cow serum IgG decrease before pa...
Chen Zeng1,2, Baosuo Liu1,4, Kecheng Zhu1,4, Liang Guo1,2, Huayang Guo1,4, Nan Zhang1,4, Quan Yang1,3, Jing Wen Yang1,4 and Dianchang Zhang1,4*
... the longfin batfish Platax teira, three nonlinear models, logistic, Gompertz and Bertalanffy, were used in the study to fit and analyse the body height, body length, full length and body weight growth curves of the fish at the age of 2-8 months. The results showed that the three nonlinear curves could fit the body height, body length, full length and body weight growth curves of the P. teira well, and the fitt...
Mohsin Ali1, Nargis Haider Kakar2, Rida Dawood3,4, Qurat-ul-ain Fatima5, Zunera Tanveer2, Shoaib Ahmad Malik6, Tauseef Muhammad Asmat1, Asadullah1, Muhammad Masood Tariq Kiani1 and Mohammad Zahid Mustafa1*
...DM) is responsible for a large number of deaths worldwide, and diabetic patients are at risk of having other immune diseases including thyroid abnormalities. The current study, undertaken in collaboration with Shaikh Khalifa-Bin-Zayed Hospital Quetta, investigates the relation of thyroid abnormalities in 224 DM (both type 1 and type 2) patients. The parameters of age, duration of diabetes ...
Zaka ur Rehman1*, Kashif Akbar1, Altaf ur Rehman1, Hassan Waqas1, Alif Khan1 and Asad Ali2
Development and Storage Stability of Diet Mango Juice
...nutritive sweeteners (cyclamate, sucralose, and aspartame) instead of sugar. The samples were filled and sealed in 300 ml of transparent glass bottles. Then diet mango juice samples were stored at room temperature for physicochemical analysis (Total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, pH, percent acidity, and sugar-acid ratio) and organoleptic evaluation (appearance, taste, flavor, overall acce...
Shawaiz Iqbal1*, Nadeem Iqbal2, Usama Bin Khalid1, Muhammad Usman Saleem1, Adila Iram1, Muhammad Rizwan1, Muhammad Sabar1 and Tahir Hussain Awan1
Growth, Yield and Economic Analysis of Dry-Seeded Basmati Rice
...="text-align: justify;">Planting method is an important aspect of production technology for the maximum resource utilization by crops per unit area. Dry-seeded rice (DSR) is a contemporary resource saving crop establishing technique, which enables farmers to harvest economical rice production. Field study was conducted at Rice Research Institute, Kala Shah Kaku, Pakistan in 2014 and in 2015 to evaluate the different p
Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Waqas Wakil2, Shahbaz Talib Sahi3 and Waqas Raza1*
Influence of Resistance Inducers on Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Contents of Susceptible Chickpea Cultivars after Inoculation with Ascochyta rabiei
...fy;">Adequate nutrition plays a very important role in mitigating disease damage. Nevertheless, no specific rule exists that how a specific nutrient can alter the severity of the disease. Normally, plants are stressed by different environmental confines may be weakened and susceptible to disease and these include nutrient scarce plants. Tissue contents of potassium, nitrogen, and phosphoru...
Ambreen Akhtar Saddozai1, Amer Mumtaz2, Naseem Rauf1, Saeeda Raza2, Nouman Rashid Siddiqui2, Muhammad Naeem Safdar2, Sahar Shibli2, Muhammad Suhail Ibrahim3*, Muhammad Akhtar4 and Muhammad Saad Rehan5
Preparation and Quality Evaluation of Soymilk Carrot Blend
...es it was observed that plain and carrot supplemented soymilks remained acceptable up to 7 days at refrigerated temperature. Plain soymilk had lower TPC at both temperatures than carrot supplemented milk. pH, TSS, carotenoids and protein contents in samples were decreased with increased time at both the temperatures. Highest protein and carotenoid content was detected in 6% carrot supplemented milk....
Muhammad Tariq Mahmood1*, Muhammad Akhtar2, Mushtaq Ahmad1, Muhammad Saleem2, Ali Aziz2, Irfan Rasool2, Zeshan Ali3 and Muhammad Amin2
An Update on Biology, Extent of Damage and Effective Management Strategies of Chickpea Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera)
...ycle passes through egg, larvae, pupae and adult stages in about 4-5 weeks. 1st to 3rd instar larvae generally feed on leaves, twigs and flowers. In later stages larger larvae (4th to 6th instar caterpillars) shift to developing pods by making holes/bores and consume entire developin...
Hafiz Muhammad Wasim1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Aftab2, Sher Muhammad3, Usman Saleem4, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Ayesha Zafar1, Imran Shehzad1, Aneela Riaz5 and Aamer Sattar2
Impact of NaCl Toxicity on Yield and Yield Components of Rice (Oryza sativa) Grown in Aridisol
...free can be absorbed by plants. A pot study was performed to assess the poisonous impact of NaCl salinity on rice growth parameters. Selection of soil with customary characteristics was done. Various levels of salinity; < 4, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 dS m-1 were established using NaCl salt. Soil was left for appropriate period for accomplishment of salinity. Completely randomized design (CRD) was used for layout of the exper...
Zaheer Ahmed Deho*, Saifullah Abro and Muhammad Rizwan
Assessment of Stability for Seed Cotton Yield of Cotton Genotypes Across Different Environmental Conditions of Sindh Province
...adori and CRIS-342 were planted under four different locations Tando Jam, Mirpurkhas, Sakrand and Ghotki environment conditions. Seed cotton yield data was recorded from each location and stability analysis (genotype x environment interaction) was performed. The pooled analysis of variance for seed cotton yield, showed highly significant (P< 0.05) differences for varieties, locations and varieties × location interaction. The analysis depicted the sign...
Muhammad Rizwan1*, Jehanzeb Farooq1, Muhammad Farooq1,2, Aqeel Sarwar4, Abid Ali3, Farrukh Ilahi1, Muhammad Asif1 and Ghulam Sarwar1
Quantitative Studies in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) using Multivariate Techniques
...ifteen parameters viz., plant height (cms), days taken in 50% flowering, monopodia plant-1, sympodia plant-1, boll weight (g), No. of bolls plant-1, ginning out turn (%), lint index(g), seed index(g), 2.5 percent span length(mm), bundle strength(g/tex), micronaire (µg/in), fibre elongation (%), uniformity ratio and yield pl...
Iqtidar Hussain*, Muzafar Ali, Imam Bakhsh and Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik
Effect of Different Levels of Naphthalene Acetic Acid at Various Phenological Stages of Hybrid Sorghum to Enhance Fodder Productivity
...quo; was used as tested plant material. Four levels of NAA (40, 80, 120 and 160 ml ha-1) were kept in main plots, while three crop growth stages (seedling, tillering and booting) of sorghum were kept in sub-plots. The crop was sown in month of July, while a seed rate of 25 kg ha-1 was used with manual drill. The crop received irrigation at interval of 15 days whilst fertilizer was applied @ 120-90-60 kg NPK ha-1. Results revealed that levels of NAA affected si...
Fangqing Liu1, Jared Atlas2, Chaohao Du1, Anoop Das3 and Longying Wen1*
...colchicus across mainland China in response to environmental factors. We collected 399 pheasant and divided them into two groups: high altitude (>1500m) and low altitude (<1500m). The results that all morphological size measures of males were significantly higher than those of females (P<0.05). Most measures of size at low altitude significantly greater than those at high altitudes, including body weight, body length, and wing length for ma...
Abid Mahmood Alvi1*, Naeem Iqbal1,2, Javid Iqbal3, Kazam Ali4, Muhammad Shahid1, Waqar Jaleel5,6,7, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan8 and Tiyyabah Khan8
...n the current study, populations of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and thrips (Thrips tabaci) were observed in 2016 under three different conditions: 75 cm row to row spacing without mapiquate chloride (growth inhibitor), 30 cm row to row spacing without mapiquate chloride, and 30 cm row to row spacing with mapiquate chloride, using two cotton varieties (BS-15 and BS-70). The results indicated that the population of...
Ahmad Sadiq1, Muzafar Shah2*, Habib Ullah1, Irfan Ali1, Amir Alam3,
Navid Jalil1 and Muhammad Khan3
...main cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The present work revealed the role of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) for the detection of lipid profile and CVD. In recent study 108 (56 males and 52 female) type 2 diabetes (T2DM) subjects were diagnosed at Hayatabad Medical Complex (HMC) Peshawar and private diabetic clinic “Khattak Medical Centre” (KMC), Dabgari Garden Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The normal or control group consists of twenty...
Wentao Wang1,2, Xu Lin3, Jianshu Zhuo3, Dongjie Zhang2, Xiuqin Yang3* and Di Liu1, 2*
...ipts in pigs using molecular biology technique for the first time. The CDS of the canonical transcripts (named V1) of porcine E2F3b is 1023 bp in length, and showed 93.35% and 90.62% identities with the homologues from human and mouse, respectively. The splicing variants were produced by exon skipping, alternative 5’ and 3’ splice sites alone or in combination. Minigene analysis showed that the splicing of porcine E2F3b is complicated. E2F3b isofor...
Nadia Islam1, Khalil Ahmed1,*, Maisoor Ahmed Nafees1, Mujtaba Khalil2, Ishtiaq Hussain3, Muhammad Ali1 and Raja Imran1
...pring) springs of Sherqilla village, District Ghizer during winter and spring seasons. A total of twenty one samples were collected and analyzed by membrane filtration method. At Misto uch, the mean temperature was 9.7°C and 15.4°C, turbidity was 0.44 NTU and 0.67 NTU, electric conductivity was 147.4 µS/cm and 226.7 µS/cm, total dissolved solids was 99 mg/l and 118 mg/l, pH was 6.8 and 6.8 and total ...
Zhen-Yang Wu1, Li Li1, Yu-Hua Fu2, Sheng Wang3, Qing-Ming An1, Xiao-Hui Tang4, Xiao-Yong Du3,5,* and Fei Zhou6,*
...,644,062 clean reads in black and white skin, respectively. A total of 60 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, providing evidence that the different coat color skin changed considerably. Among these differentially expressed genes, there were 18 up-regulated genes and 42 down-regulated genes in black skin tissue. Further analysis showed ...
Minghao Gong1*, Shiliang Pang2, Zhongyan Gao2, Wanyu Wen1, Ling Zhang3, Gang Liu1, Huixin Li1, Fawen Qian4 and Wenfeng Wang2
...CC) has the smallest population of all Chinese cranes, and is also susceptible to climate change because of its large body size, short migration distance, and specialized diet. We examined climate change-induced RCC habitat shifts and suggested some purposeful, resolute and crucial improvements needed to protect appropriate areas that ensure the RCC’s long-term survival. Based on monitored data of nesting locations and...
Ayesha Alam1,* and Labeeb Ali2
... harmful for the public places but it cannot be neglected, therefore proper guidelines and policies are required.
...
Muhammad Shahbaz1,*, Nosheen Farooq1, Abu ul Hassan Faiz1, Arshad Javid2, Irfan Baboo3, Misbah Shoukat1 and Muhammad Aslam Khan4
...entified under the binocular microscope by following the taxonomic keys of Christophers (1933), Barraud (1934) and Rueda (2004). A total of 2895 specimens of mosquitoes were collected from the study area, belonging to family Culicidae and two subfamilies, Anophilinae and Culicinae. Eleven species were identified as Anopheles barianensis (sub-familyAnophilinae), Culex barraudi, Cx. epidesmus, Cx. fuscocephala...
Jun Yan Bai*, Zhi Hao Dong, Hui Rong Gong, Xiao Ning Lu and Zi Heng Li
...on the carcass traits of laying quail. The polymorphism of ESR1 gene exon 4 in three laying quail populations was detected by PCR product sequencing, and the correlation between ESR1 gene and carcass traits of laying quail was analyzed. The results show that, Exon 4 of ESR1 gene among Beijing white quail, the pectora w...
Shikang Deng1,2, Yan Jin2, Jing Xu2, Xiufang Zhu2, Pinghai Hu2, Jiao Li2, Li Zhang2 and Jianzhong Tang2,*
...linD1, and CDK4 in fibroblasts of miniature pig bile duct scar model cultured in vitro. The bile duct scar fibroblasts were replicated by incision and anastomosis in miniature pigs and bile duct scar fibroblasts were obtained. After cell identification, the bile duct scar fibroblasts were given different concentrations of 5-FU (0, 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 mm...
Somia Shehzadi1, Sana Javaid Awan2, Maryam Javed1*, Asif Nadeem1 and Tahir Yaqub3
...ne Achilles tendon fibroblasts (ATFs) is a feasible method to study hallmarks of tendinopathy, but ATFs should be viable and grown enough. For this purpose proper medium and supplements are required, which contain suitable growth factors for viability of ATFs. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is used extensively in cell culture but being expensive and scarce in availability, its alternatives are needed. This study proposed autologou...
Pengfei Liu1*, Hongxia Liu2 and Jiajia Xiao1
..."font-size: small;">The plain laughingthrush Garrulax davidi concolor (PL) and Elliot,s laughingthrush Trochalopteron elliotii (EL), are two members of family Leiothrichidae, who are both assumed sexually monomorphic. We employed reflectance spectrometry to determine the plumage coloration in these two species in the hand. PL wit...
Muhammad Shoaib1, Imran Rashid1*, Haroon Akbar1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh2, Shahid Hussain Farooqi3, Muhammad Asif3, Mumtaz Ali Khan4, Shakeel Mahmood5 and Farhan Anwar Khan6
...ociated animals’ related risk factors. A total of 434 tick infested cattle from three districts were examined conveniently. The genus Rhipicephalus was the most prevalent (68.4%) followed by Hyalomma (19.6%) and mixed tick infestation (12%) in all study districts, respectively. The difference in prevalence of tick infestation was non-significant among the breeds with the exception of crossbred cattle in which it was found significantly (...
Maria Syafiqah Ghazali1, Azlan Che’ Amat2 and Nor Azlina Abdul Aziz1*
...ointestinal parasites in large felines in a Malaysian zoo. Ten faecal samples were collected from pumas (Puma concolor, n = 5), African lions (Panthera leo, n = 3), a spotted leopard (Panthera pardus, n = 1), and a black panther (Panthera onca, n = 1). All faecal samples were examined for parasite eggs, larvae, and oocysts by ...
Hannan Nasib Hamid1,*, Muhammad Rais1, Muhammad Arif2 and Rubina Noor2
...st the vertebrates, and play a vital role in the ecosystem. The present study reports herpetofauna of Sheikh Buddin National Park for the first time which could be used as a baseline. The national park features arid climate and two main vegetation types: tropical thorn forest and sub-tropical broad-leaved ever green forest. The data were gathered from July, 2017 to August, 2018, from major habitat types of the national park using visual encounter survey method...
Jun Yan Bai*, Kun Peng Shi, Xiao Ning Lu, Xiao Hong Wu, Xue Yan Fu, Heng Cao, Hong Deng Fan, Meng Ke Chen and Yong Kang Ma
...all;">To recognize molecular markers of slaughter performance of quail, SNP in control regions of cytogenin gene (MyoG) 5’ in French giant quail, and Savimit quailwas detected by PCR-SSCP method in this study. Moreover, correlations of control regions of MyoG 5’ with slaughter performance of quail were analyzed. Results demonstr...
Rabia Riaz1, Khushi Muhammad1*, Masood Rabbani1, Muhammad Amjad Iqbal2, Aamir Riaz Khan2, Sadia Sarfaraz1, Mudassar Naseer3 and Khalid Majeed1
...onal GDP (1.3%). Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) causes avian mycoplasmosis and is only controlled through mass vaccination. Antibody response of birds to inactivated MG vaccine is poor. On 7th day of age (broilers: n=40) each bird of group A, B, C and D (n=8) was vaccinated (subcutaneous: 0.3ml) with G-MG, O-MG, G-MG+NDV (New castle Disease Virus) and O-MG vaccines, respectively. Serum samples were collected on 21, 28 ...
Qianbao Wang, Zhengyang Huang, Shoufeng Li, Huayun Huang, Chunmiao Li and Zhenhua Zhao*
...useable spermatozoa/ejaculate before 32 wk of age (p>0.05). Feed quantity was correlated positively with sperm concentration and sperm motility. At 50 wk of age, higher sperm motility was observed in males fed with 135.5and 125.5 g/d diet than males fed with 115.5 g/d diet (p<0.05). While feed quantity was correlated positively with semen volume, sperm concentration, useable spermato...
Aamer Sharif1,*, Muftooh Ur Rehman Siddiqi1 and Riaz Muhammad2
...onal water vortex power plant is certainly one of such low head hydro turbines in which the potential energy of free surface flowing water is converted into kinetic energy through vortex turbine that tangentially passing the water into the basin, which forms a powerful water vortex. This study is the experimental analysis of novel runner which has the ability to maximize output power and efficiency. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) is carried out on novel run...
Gulzar Ahmad*, Muhammad Bilal Khan, Junaid Bahadar Khan and Faheem Ali
...ure was designed and simulated on three different substrate materials to investigate its performance for its employment in future higher frequencies wireless applications in general and 5G cellular applications in particular. In the past, researchers employed different dielectric substrates to analyze microstrip patch antenna in low frequency range. In the presented research work three dif...
Oluwatobi Emmanuel Olaniyi1,2*, Chukwudiemeka Onwuka Martins2, Mohamed Zakaria2
...ed at estimating the population and modelling the site occupancy of the Porphyrio porphyrio indicus (PPI) and Amaurornis phoenicurus (AP) populations in the Paya Indah (PIW) and Putrajaya (PW) wetlands, Peninsular Malaysia. The distance sampling point count technique using stratified random design was emp...
Sana Mehmood1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Muhammad Summer1, Sher Muhammad Sherawat2, Shaukat Ali1*, Sajida Naseem3
...They were brought to the laboratory for subsequent morphological identification, DNA extraction and sequencing. We identified 38 morph-species, representing 22 genera and 8 families. Accuracy of morphological identification was confirmed by barcode analysis of tissue samples. A standard barcode sequence of COI (Cytochrome c Oxidase I) was recovered from 90 specimens of spiders. Percentage accuracy of morphological identification was 92.10%. Four morphologicall...
Muhammad Shahid1*, Unsar Naeem-Ullah1, Waheed S. Khan2, Shafqat Saeed1 and Kashif Razzaq3
Application of Nanotechnology for Insect Pests Management: A Review
...">The nature acts like a large ‘‘bio-laboratory” comprising of plants, algae, fungi, yeast, etc. which are consists of wide array of biomolecules. There is various size and shapes of nanoparticles to be synthesized by using the naturally occurring biomolecules. These biomolecules acting as a driving force for the designing of greener, safe and environmentally benign proto...
Inam Ullah1,2, WU Qing-Ming1*, Ruqia Bibi2 and Najam Un Nisa2
Comparison of Nesting Site Preferences and Breeding Ecology of Red-Vented Bulbul, Baya Weaver, and Grey Bush Chat in Sheikh Badin National Park Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
...is a common phenomenon related to the birds’ reproductive behavior. Nests play a pivotal role in various growth stages of birds, including breeding, defense, environmental factors, shelter, and conservation. The relation between a bird and plant species is considered to be the central aspect of wildlife and biodiversity , which makes the nest...
Rahat Afza, Muhammad Asam Riaz*, Muhammad Afzal and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed
Adverse Effect of Sublethal Concentrations of Insecticides on the Biological Parameters and Functional Response of Predatory Beetle Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of Brassica Aphid
...-target organisms particularly the effectiveness of natural insect pest predators. Herein, the effect of insecticides at their sublethal concentrations was assessed on the biological parameters and functional response of Coccinella septempunctata. All insecticides significantly reduced the fecundity, TPOP (total pre-oviposition period), larval weight and increased the life span of C. septe...
Sabina Noor1*, Fatimah Abang1 and Hamady Dieng2
Biology of an Exotic Butterfly Acraea terpsicore (Linnaeus, 1758) (Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae), in a Newly Invaded Region, Sarawak, Borneo
...s 1758) (tawny coster) relative to habitat types, phenotype, and gender in Sarawak, Borneo. The nymphalid butterfly tawny coster is widely distributed throughout the Indian and Sri Lankan region and has expanded its distribution range southward through Southeast Asia and Australia. Currently establishing its population in Kalimantan, it was firstly detected in Sarawak in 2013. Comparative observations on the life-cycle were ...
Shishir Sharma* and Laxmi Prasad Joshi
Current Insights on Stemphylium Blight of Lentil with its Management Strategies
... first identified in Bangladesh in 1986, is a significant challenge to all the major lentil-growing nations. It induces partial to complete foliar damage and results in about 3/5th to full failure of the lentil yield. The molecular study for the recognition and delineation of species is inevitable as high complexity is seen due to environmental concerns and contrasting morphological characteristics among species. The frequen...
Eslam Moradi-Asl1*, Behnam Mohammadi Ghalehbin2, Kamran Akbarzadeh3, Jafar Mohammad-Shahi4, Hajar Afshin4
... myiasis occurs when fly larvae infect open wounds. We describe an old male with wound myiasis by agent of Lucilia cuprina, who had a history of diabetes and also blind that reefed to hospital in 13 September and was admitted to date 18 September 2019.Larvea extracted manually from thumb finger of left foot and sent to Medical Entomology Laboratory of the School of Public Health, Ardabil University of medical Sciences for identification. This case is a ...
Luka Anthony*, Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi, Elizabeth Samuel Ebukiba and Vandi Gamba
...ression Model, (Cobb-Douglas) and Principal Component Analysis. The results of the Multinomial Logit regression model show that among the significant factors that influence the choice of rice market outlets were: sex of the household head (P<0.10), educational level (P<0.10), access to credit facilities (P<0.05), extension services (P<0.01), price information (P<0.05), market information (P<0.01) and, marketing experience ((P<0.05). The va...
Alam Zeb* and Amanullah Jan
.... Three sowing methods (flat, ridges and raised bed) were kept as main plot factor, whereas four nitrogen levels (00, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1) and four treatments of sulphur (00, 20, 30 and 40 kg ha-1), were kept as sub plot factors, which were replicated four time for each experiment. Urea and ammonium sulphate fertilizers were used as a source of nitrogen and sulfur nutrients. Results showed that all quantitative and qualitative parame...
Vijay Lal and Muhammad Naeem*
...% water represented correlation with highly significant value (P<0.001) with protein, ash, fat and organic constituents in wet weight. Fish body weight represented highly significant (P<0.001) positive relation to all the studied body constituents in log transformed data. Total length also represented highly-significant positive relation to all the studied body constituents except fo...
Muhammad Riaz Gondal1*, Sultan Ahmad Rizvi1, Aaqib Riaz2, Waqas Naseem1, Ghulam Muhammad1, Mazher Iqbal3, Humara Umer3 and Inam ul Haq3
Apposite Sowing Techniques to Optimize Productivity and Profitability of Berseem
...rovides nutritious and palatable fodder in repeated cuttings. Gap in its yield is required to be addressed, which is aim of the current study. This study was carried out to select an appropriate sowing technique for optimization of fodder and seed yield as well as to maximize the net return. The experiment was conducted using five sowing techniques viz., broadcast, different row sowing with spacing of 15 cm, 30 cm, 45 cm and 60 cm. Sowing was done during first...
Tofique Ahmed Bhutto1, Mahmooda Buriro1, Niaz Ahmed Wahocho2, Safdar Ali Wahocho2, Muhammad Iqbal Jakhro3*, Zulfiqar Ali Abbasi1, Reema Vistro1, Fehmeeda Abbasi1, Sanam Kumbhar1, Fateh Muhammad Shawani4 and Nadar Hussain Khokhar5
Evaluation of Wheat Cultivars for Growth and Yield Traits under Agro-Ecological Condition of Tandojam
...s for growth and yield-related attributes is well documented. The present investigation investigated the performance of wheat cultivars under Tando Jam conditions. For this study, two-year field experiments were performed during October 2015-2017 (both seasons) applying randomized complete design with three replications. Performance of various wheat varieties for their yield and yield-related characters, including TD-1, Moom...
Junaid Ahmad1*, Shazma Anwar1, Anwar Ali Shad2, Fazal Yazdan Saleem Marwat3, Hamida Bibi4, Farhan Ahmad1, Wajia Noor5 and Bibi Sadia5
Yield and Nutritional Status of Mungbean as Influenced by Molybdenum and Phosphorus
...or soil fertility particularly for the subsequent crops and yield productivity. In order to improve the nutritional profile of mungbean a study was arranged at Agronomy Research Farm, Agriculture University of Peshawar in summer season 2018. The objectives of the study is to find out impact of different doses of molybdenum and phosphorus application on productivity and nutrients status of mungbean (Vigna radiate L.). The trial was la
Bina Khanzada1, Arfan Ahmed Gilal1*, Bhai Khan Solangi1 and Imtiaz Ahmed Nizamani2
Effect of Morphological Characters of Indigenous Sugarcane Varieties on Population of Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen) and its parasitoid, Cotesia flavipes (Cameron)
...atural enemies, Cotesia flavipes Cameron has been widely used in different regions of the world for its management. Considering the significant role of morphological characters of sugarcane varieties on infestation of C. infuscatellus, thus, on parasitism of C. flavipes, this study was conducted in 2013 and 2014. Ten sugarcane varieties i.e., NIA-98, NIA-2004, Thatta-10, Gulab-95, BL-4, L-...
Zafar Abbas1*, Shahzada Munawar Mehdi2, Muhammad Nasir3, Muhammad Ashraf4, Salma Kausar5, Nadeem Iqbal6, Muhammad Zahid Khan Nazar7, Iftikhar Ahmad3, Ghulam Murtaza1 and Ijaz Ahmad8
Evaluation of Best Dose of Micronutrients (Zinc, Iron and Boron) to Combat Malnutrition in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)
...njal. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Five different levels of micronutrients were applied. The treatment T5 i.e. (100-60-50)+ Borax (0.2) + ZnSO4 (0.5%)+FeSO4 (0.5%) exhibited maximum plant height, fruit weight, total yield, number of fuits plant-1 and survival percentage except number of leaves pla
Hafiz Muhammad Wasim1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Aftab2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Ayesha Zafar1, Imran Shehzad1, Aneela Riaz3, Abid Niaz2, Khurshid Ahmad Mufti4 and Muhammad Arif2
Deleterious Impact of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Toxicity on Chemical Properties of Soil and Ionic Composition of Rice
...esign (CRD) was used for layout of the experiment. Transplantation of seedlings was performed in all pots. Application of mineral fertilizers @ recommended rates was done. Crop was grown till maturity and plant samples were collected from each pot for chemical analysis (Na and K). Soil samples were also collected from all treatment pots and subjected to la
Saba Aleem1*, Mehvish Tahir2, Iram Sharif3, Muqadas Aleem4, Muhammad Najeebullah2, Ali Nawaz1, Amina Batool1, Muhammad Imran Khan1 and Waheed Arshad1
Principal Component and Cluster Analyses as Tools in the Assessment of Genetic Diversity for Late Season Cauliflower Genotypes
... the variability of germplasm is an indispensable assist for crop improvement strategies. Multivariate analyses such as cluster and principal component analysis measures the amount of genetic diversity in respect of several charaters and asseses the relative contribution of different traits to the total variation. In the present study, nineteen genotypes were evaluated for presence of genetic diversity through principal comp...
Inam Ul Haq1*, Humara Umar2, Naeem Akhtar3, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal2 and Muhammad Ijaz1
Techniques for Micropropagation of Olive (Olea europaea L.): A Systematic Review
...ies. Therefore, authors planned to document different critical stages of olive micropropagation like; media preparation, culture establishment, shoot and root proliferation and acclimatization which would be applied for micropropagation of olives at Barani Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Chakwal. Resultantly, olive expansion through micropropagation can be predicted in near future for sustainability of olive sector in Pakistan....
Hafiz Hammad Ahmad1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1*, Noor-us-Sabah1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Sher Muhammad2, Muhammad Aftab3, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Aneela Riaz4
Growth and Yield Response of Sunflower to Organic Amendments in Aridisol
...ils make P the least available macronutrient. Therefore, alternative P source such as rock phosphate (RP) can offer a promising choice for sustainable P supply under P stress environment. A pot research was executed to explore the response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to sparingly soluble P sources grown under P deficient environment at research area, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha during 2018. The experiment was
Muhammad Umair Hassan1, Muhammad Aamer1, Muhammad Nawaz2, Abdul Rehman3, Talha Aslam3, Ubaid Afzal4, Bilal Ahmad Shahzad3, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub5, Faryal Ahmed1, Ma Qiaoying1, Su Qitao1 and Huang Guoqin1*
Agronomic Bio-Fortification of Wheat to Combat Zinc Deficiency in Developing Countries
... of Zn causes many irregularties in both plants and humans. The Zn deficiency considerably reduced the plant growth, tillers production, chlorophyll synthesis, and crop yield. Moreover, in the case of humans’ Zn deficiency causes blindness, lower intelligence quotient (IQ) levels, weaker immune system, and impaired physical and mental development. Wheat crop p
Hillary M.O. Otieno
A Review of White Mango Scale (Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead; Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in Sub-Saharan Africa: Distribution, Impact and Management Strategies
...y;">White mango scale (Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead) pest is threatening mango production in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Being a new pest, there are no clear adaptable management practices ready for farmers to implement. This has caused farmers to rely on nature and sometimes adoption of crude and ineffective traditional control methods. Farmers capable of using pesticides apply very toxic products that are not only harmfu...
Muhammad Farooq1*, M. Javed Iqbal2, Rizwan Shukat2, Qayyum Shehzad3, Shabir Ahmed4, Elham Azadfar5, Abdul Saboor6, Ibrar Ahmad7, Iftikhar Ahmed Solangi1, Kaleem Kakar8, Shoaib Khan9 and Wang Yunyang1
Development of Onion Powder by using Egg Albumin as a Foaming Agent by Foam-Mat Drying Process
...and to make sure the availability of these vegetables for longer period of time without quality deterioration. Drying is most common and old process for the preservation of foods which contain high moisture content. Onion powder was prepared by foam mat drying technique in which onion paste was treated with different concentration of egg albumin (0%, 4%, 8% and 12%) as foaming agent and Carboxyl methylcellulose (0.5%) as foam stabilizer and these were dried in...
Muhammad Umar1, Muhammad Arshad2, Mubashar Hussain1*, Moazama Batool3 and Muhammad Faheem Malik1
...o consecutive years, population estimates of avifauna were carried out. Simultaneously hydrological analysis of surface water of Mangla wetland was also conducted. Bird census was carried out in the months of January and February for both years (2010 and 2011) when a large number of migratory birds visit the Mangla Wet...
Ashara Sajid1, Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Saeed Rauf 2, Zahoor Hussain3, Salman Ahmad1 and Yasir Iftikhar1,*
... Kinnow (Citrus reticulate Blanco) and Mosambi (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), among significant citrus-growing areas of Sargodha district based on symptoms. Random samples of trees within orchards were scored based on characteristic symptoms like blotchy mottle, lopsided unripe fruits, and aborted seeds were observed. The highest incidence of 26% was recorded in Kot Momin, while t...
Umair Faheem1*, Qaisar Abbas1, Saghir Ahmad2, Ghayour Ahmad2, Abdul Karim2and Mussurat Hussain1
...pests, Amrasca biguttula biguttula ‘Jassid’ are the most destructive ones. Beside these insect pests, environmental factors also affect the cotton production as well as population fluctuations of insect pests. The current study was designed to measure the impact of different meteorological limitations i.e. temperature (oC), rela...
Ghulam Sarwar1, Amna Nazir1*, Muhammad Rizwan1, Eram Shahzadi2 and Abid Mahmood3
...e-height: normal;">The upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.) is utmost natural fiber used in textile industry. Awareness about genetic diversity is very essential for fruitful genetic improvement approaches. Correlation, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analyses were performed to estimate genetic diversity in 25 cotton genotypes. Correlation analysis revealed that days to fir...
Faiza Altaf1, Shamim Gul1,2*, Tasawar Ali Chandio3, Gul Bano Rehman1, Attiq-ur-Rehman Kakar4, Sami Ullah4, Naqeebullah Khan4, Umbreen Shaheen5, Muhammad Naeem Shahwani6, Muhammad Ajmal7 and Misbah Manzoor8
...increase in aboveground plant biomass of lettuce. These fertilizers also increased significantly water use efficiency by ~3.5 – 12.5 times (364.8% - 1166.6%) of tomato plants (as only tomato plants were analyzed for WUE). Furthermore, these amendments reduced concentration of heavy metals in plants of both crops. As compared to contaminated control...
Abdul Rauf Bhatti1*, Ahmed Zia1, Falak Naz2, Amjad Usman3, Rukhshanda Saleem4, Ghulam Sarwar5 and Amad Ud Din6
...ls, an ignored group of class Insecta in Pakistan was explored. For this, comprehensive surveys were undertaken in Pothohar plateau of Punjab province. Results revealed three new to country records viz. Ptochus assamensis, P. ovulum and P. limbatus. The species were recorded from walnut (Juglans regia) trees and Khabbal Grass (Cyanodon dactylon), which highlight...
Imran Haider1, Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza1*, Rashid Iqbal1, Salman Ahmad1,2, Muhammad Usman Aslam1, Muhammad Israr3, Umair Riaz4, Maliha Sarfraz5, Nasir Abbas6, Salman Haidar Abbasi7, Zafar Abbas8 and Muhammad Aamer9
...e and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur in November 2019. Factorial arrangement in Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used to design the experimentation. The experiment consisted of six treatments viz, Control, a drought at flowering and grain filling stages, Amino acid @ 1.5 ml L-1 + drought at flowering and grain filling, Amino acid @ 3 ml L-1 + drought at flowering and grain filling, Yeast @ 3g L-1 +...
Muhammad Muhsin1, Muhammad Nawaz2, Imran Khan1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha3,Sadia Khan4, Muhammad Talha Aslam1, Muhammad Mahmood Iqbal5, Muhammad Zubair Amin6, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub7, Usman Anwar8, Muhammad Umair Hassan1 and Muhammad Umer Chattha1*
... line-height: normal;">Delayed wheat sowing is the main factor responsible for the lower yield of wheat owing to low temperature during emergence and early growth. Seed size has an appreciable potential to improve stand establishment, growth, and yield under late sowing conditions. Therefore, the present study was performed to assess the impact of diverse seed sizes (SS) on the growth and yield of wheat crop under
Mansoor Qadir1*, Yousaf Khan2, Shahid Khan3, Djamaleddine Djeldjli3 and Muhanned Ismael Ibrahim Al Firas4
...e weight zero cross-correlation (DW-ZCC) code at the time domain (Y-axis). The proposed 2D-DZ coding scheme provides high orthogonality in adjacent codes and resolves the problem of larger code lengths. The new coding scheme and corresponding network architecture is analyzed in terms of Gaussian Approximation analysis and simulation through OptiSystem. It is observed that the proposed 2D-D...
Nasir Rashid1,2*, Javaid Iqbal1,2, Umar Shahbaz Khan1,2, Mohsin Islam Tiwana1,2 and Amir Hamza1,2
...ilitates the user to regulate the peripheral devices with electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. These signals are recorded from the surface of the brain called the scalp. The acquired EEG signals are further processed using feature extraction approach and finally classified into movements using classification techniques. This research article mainly focuses on cla
Nowsher Yousaf1*, Bushra Khan1, Dennis Flanagan2 and Ishaq Ahmad Mian3
... occurring under various land use land cover (LULC) in the study area. Soil erosion was monitored through erosion pipes over the period from 2016 to 2017 in three different vegetation density zones i.e. dense forest, moderate forest and agriculture land. Results showed that the amount of rainfall, soil texture and soil infiltration capacity were important factors affecting soil erosion. Th...
Abdul Hafeez1*, Akhtar Nawaz Khan2 and Zahid Ullah3
...ed by such systems is so large that a typical computer workstation cannot handle it in real-time. Traditional approaches rely on unloading raw data to off line storage and suffer from the trade-off of an insufficiently rigorous sampling rate. Furthermore, the phases leading to useful decision-making often follows pre- and post-processing in a subjective manner, which is tedious, time-consuming and erroneous. An important and an unrealized need of these systems...
Tariq Mahmood Khalil1,2*, Muhammad Ajmal3, Iftikhar Zeb1,4 and Muhammad Azeem Khan1,5
...ter for irrigation. This laboratory scale study was aimed to investigate the effects of saline water irrigation on development of total water potential within coarse and fine textured soils using a novel method based on water potential dynamics. Chilled mirror dew point hygrometer accurately captured the water potential dynamics when soil samples were irrigated with saline water. The instrument output showed that soil texture has profound effect on soil total ...
Shahid Hussain Abro1*, Mohammed N. Alghamdi2, Muhammad Sohail Hanif3, Hazim Moria2 andHamza Suharwardi1
... time and holding temp: play an important role in developing of gamma-austenite. Mostly ferrite and cementite morphology exist at nucleation sites. At ferrite-ferrite grain interface the austenitic nucleation is not found. At high temperatures, the development of austenite at pearlitic nearby areas are highly noticed. At 800°C growth is about finger-type morphology. The fingers are parallel to pearlite so it is strongly believed that within this area the b...
Abdul Nabi Jatt1,2*
...an monitor their own population density via small signalling molecules to communicate with each other. The sinking of marine snow aggregates is as an essential process for moving organic carbon source from the up-ward to down-ward in the ocean. Marine snow associated bacterial communities perform a crucial role in organic material degradation by producing extracellular hydrolytic enzymes and are considered as key components ...
Jia Shi
...cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study was aimed to evaluate the response rate of treatment by Peginterferon alfa-2a. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, a review of articles evaluating response rate to Peginterferon alfa-2a was done through the databases of Scopus, Google Scholar, Pubmed (inception - 2019). Fourteen studies reporting the response rate of HBeAg negative chronic patients’ res...
Shuanping Zhao, Lei Xu, Hai Jin and Yutang Jia*
... maintenance through regulating the length of actin filaments. In this study, we aimed to identify common variations in CFL2 gene and investigate their effects on growth traits in Chinese Dabieshan (DBS) cattle. By DNA sequencing and (forced) PCR-RFLP methods, three polymorphisms (g.1500G>A, g.1694T>A and g.2213C>G) were identified and genotyped in our population (n=298). G...
Ghazanfar Ali and Riffat-un-Nisa Awan*
...n enquiring about and explaining natural phenomenon. However, fostering CT through instruction is still a neglected area in educational institutions. The current study was intended to find out the relationships among critical thinking based instructional practices (CTIPs), critical thinking skills (CTS), critical thinking dispositions (CTD), and academic achievement (AA) of undergraduate students of physics, chemistry, and b...
Humza Sami1, Mahnoor Sagheer1, Muhammad Amir Altaf1, Javaid Iqbal2 and Muhammad Zubair1,*
...high contrast objects emulating the tumor characteristics have been processed through an open-source imaging algorithm, known as MERIT, to construct the image. To get the best results, images are constructed by comparing different algorithms and the varying number of channels. Simulated and measured results are successfully verified for different locations and sizes of conducting objects in a given imaging domain. The propos...
Javeria Afzal, Muhammad Abid, Faisal Hussain* and Alia Abbas
...activities of different plants viz., Amaranthus viridis, Chenopodium album, Solanum nigrum, Carica papaya and Euphorbia hirta have been evaluated against root-knot nematodes. Plants were collected from different areas of Karachi. Aqueous extracts (2, 6 and 10%) of these five plant species were made for the experiment. A...
Faiz Muhammad Khand1,Allah Bux Kachiwal2, Zubair Ahmed Laghari2, Shakeel Ahmed Lakho1, Pershotam Khattri2, Saeed Ahmed Soomro2, Nazar Ali Korejo2 and Ambreen Leghari1*
...ficantly (P<0.01) corelated with gestational age. The CRL was strongly positively correlated with gestational age (r2=0.98) followed by the TD (r2=0.98) and the UD (r2=0.97). The fetal numbers were estimated 19 (five single and seven twines) by transrectal approach in twelve pregnant teddy goats. The earliest day of pregnancy diagnosis was 19 day after mating, while trunk was best paramete...
Huan Yang1, Tingting Li1, Huimin Zhao1,2, Xiaoyuan Zhang1, Huiyan Xu1, Yangqing Lu1, Xingwei Liang1, Shengsheng Lu1, Xiaogan Yang1*and Kehuan Lu1*
...al stem cells (SSCs), a class of primitive germ cells located on the basement of the seminiferous tubules of the testes, are the only kind of adult stem cells that can pass their genetic material to offspring and are also capable of proliferation and differentiation, ensuring the efficiency of passing transgenes from parents to subsequent generations. In this research, to understand the growth characteristics of buffalo SSCs in vitro, methods for their ...
Ming-Yue Zhang*, Bo Yuan, Xiao-Hui Zhang, James Ayalaand Rong Hou*
...nvironmental enrichment plays a very important role in improving the behavioral selectivity, health and welfare of captive giant pandas. The increase in specific behaviors and the reduction of abnormal behaviors are considered to be important indicators of the physical health of giant pandas, and the ideal result of environmental enrichment is to make captive giant pandas appear close to nature. To understand the effect of Pinus koraiensis bark substrat...
Faheem Ahmed Khan1*, Sarzamin Khan2, Qurat-ul-Ain3, Saqib Ishaq1, Muhammad Salman1, Abdul Rehman1, Ikram Ullah4, Kalsoom5 and Johar Jamil5
...oteins utilizing the available cheap sources. The indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated from different fruit samples, identified by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and were characterized for production of single cell microbial protein (SCMP). Out of 60 different fruit samples, a total number of confirmed S. cerevisiae isolates were 1, 2 and 1 from ora...
Amjad Ali, Kafeel Ahmad*and Shaista Rahat
...extended spectrum β-lactamases which render broad spectrum cephalosporins and penicillins inactive. This study reports antibiotic susceptibility pattern, multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index and prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamases among clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa collected from tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar, Pakistan.A total of 187 P. aerugi...
Małgorzata Dzierzęcka1, Sławomir Paśko2, Marcin Komosa3, Karolina Barszcz1, Bartłomiej Jan Bartyzel1 and Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska4*
...cise description of the plantar margin and the inclination of the parietal surface of the bone may contribute to a better understanding of the biomechanics and strength of the hoof, in particular in horses with higher body weights. The study material included coffin bones of the thoracic limb, isolated post-mortem from 39 cold-blood horses. The study employed a scanner projecting a hybrid ...
Qin Liu1,2, Bin Wang1,3, Yu Xu1,4, Xiuyue Zhang1, Tao Zeng1* and Jianghong Ran1*
...es. In this study, we isolated 17 tetra-nucleotide microsatellite loci to test parentage and kinship for a wild population with 29 individuals from 10 different families (A-J). The 17 loci with the mean polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.566 and the combined probability of exclusion for the second parent (CPE2 = 99.98%) met the minimum standard of international human paternity test. Among all 18 identified birdlings ...
Abdul Waheed Solangi, Lei Zhang, Yunxia Cheng and Xingfu Jiang*
...ng also apply resource-related maternal effects through differential egg provisioning; we investigated impact of flight on female egg production and longevity in the oriental armyworm Mythimna separata (Walker) and whether this contributed to making difference in considered suite of life-history traits on progeny growth i.e. developmental time, larval and pupal mass. We found that forced flight females had early ovipo...
Muhammad Umar1, Mubashar Hussain1*, Muhammad Faheem Malik1, Muhammad Naeem Awan2 and David C. Lee3
...the avifauna of Deva Vatala National Park (DVNP), Bhimber, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan was conducted from June 2017 to May 2018. Data were collected along one km line transects at three sites within the National Park: Barmala, Deva and Vatala. In total, 52 species were recorded, which included the globally threatened sociable lapwing. The most abund...
Muhammad Mohsin Raza1*, Hera Gul2, Malik Muhammad Yousaf1, Sami Ullah3, Ghulam Sabir Hussain4, Mumtaz Hussain1, Jahangir Shah1, Bashir Ahmad1, Rao Wali Muhammad1, Ijaz Ahmad5 and Muhammad Zeshan6
...y;">Effect of different planting patterns on the productivity of first ratoon of sugarcane genotype SPSG-394 was determined under field condition throughout the year 2017-18. Planting patterns under study comprised 100 cm spaced 30 cm wide single row ditches, 100 cm spaced 60 cm wide double row ditches, 100 cm spaced 90 cm wide triple row ditches, 100 cm spaced 100 x 100 cm, pits, 90 cm spaced single rows and 90 cm spaced do...
Muhammad Ayub1*, Munir Hussain2, Sher Ahmad2, Syed Arif Hussain Rizvi3, Shahid Hussain1, Muhammad Qasim2, Muhammad Din2, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi4 and Tajudin2
...er-spacing: 0.1px;">Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth major food crop of the world and it is gaining status of cash crop in Gilgit Baltistan. White grub is most destructive insect pest damaging potato tubers and causes economic loss of Gilgit-Baltistan. The study was conducted with an aim to develop eco-friendly management of white grub. Fermented extracts of four herbs Sophora alopecuroides, <...
Muhammad Hamayoon Khan*, Niaz Hussain Khuhro, Muhammad Awais, Muhammad Usman Asif and Raza Muhammad
...ecuted to record the population dynamics of these fruit fly species in guava and mango orchards with respect to meteorological factors using methyl eugenol-baited traps. The results revealed that population of both the species highly fluctuated round the year. B. zonata appeared to be the most abundant species both in mango and guava orchards as compared to B. dorsalis. The highest mean number of B. zonata
Malik Muhammad Yousaf1*, Muhammad Mohsin Raza1*, Mumtaz Hussain1, Jahangir Shah1, Rao Wali Muhammad1, Sami Ullah2,3, Hera Gul4, Ijaz Ahmad5 and Muhammad Zeshan6
...ormal;">Among arid zone plant species, Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis), being an evergreen, perennial, multi-stemmed, and multipurpose plant has attracted wide attention due to its economic value, potential by-products and ability to withstand vagaries of the desert environment. By realizing the economic importance of this high-value desert plant, a pioneer study on seed germination r...
Mashal Malik and Mudassar Nawaz Khan*
...oybean on a very limited land owing to lack of farmers interest and government attention. Soybean lines; B24G14, B23G5, B20G16, B21G2, B21G9, B6G23, B23G16 and B29G11 were grown for one month and analyzed for morphological and molecular variations. In order to analyze genetic variations, Single sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used. The line B2...
Arsalan Khan1, Aminullah Khan2, Dil Fayaz Khan2, Sajid Khan1, Anjum1, Waqar Ali3, Habib Akbar1 and Ahmad Khan1*
...oil series based on FAO classification. The experiment comprised of three tillage practices i.e. Shallow tillage (ST), Conventional tillage (CT) and Deep tillage (DT) and eight nitrogen treatments (Control, 100% Urea, 100% FYM, 100% PM, 50% Urea/FYM, 50% Urea/PM, 50% FYM/PM and 33.33% each PM/FYM/Urea). These ratios pr...
Muhammad Zubair1, Habib Ahmad2*, Brian E. Hemphill3, Muhammad Tariq4 and Muzafar Shah5
...m both mandible and maxilla of 375 volunteers in which 75 male and 50 females of all the tribes. The dental casts for each individual were analyzed for a set of 35 tooth-trait accordance with the Arizona State University Dental Morphology System. The data was compared with the secondary information of 3842 individuals representing 36 other ethnic groups of different parts of KP, peninsular India prehistoric samples of Indus ...
Naveed Akhtar1*, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1*, Sadia Tabassum1,
Munawar Saleem Ahmad2 and Khan Dil Badshah3
...rit, MCV, MCH, MCHC and platelets were significantly decreased in all treatedgroups compared to control. Monocytes showed significant increase in all experimental groups. Lymphocytes counts significantly decreased in all treated groups compared to control groups. Neutrophils count increased significantly in all treated groups. Among electrolytes, sodium and potassium levels were increased, whereas, calcium and phosphorous levels decreased in all treated groups...
Wenyou Huang1, Dan Yü1, Song Huang1,2, Jian Xiao2, Ping Qi2, Anhua Song2* and Zhen Huang1*
...rradiation. Selecting isolates with high UV tolerance and virulence is important in improving the efficacy and utility of fungal insect pathogens as insect biological control agents for use under field conditions. UV-irradiation of Metarhizium lepidiotae, coupled to growth selection, second metabolites change and insect bioassays using Plutella xylostella
Wali Muhammad1*, Humayun Javed1, Munir Ahmad1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
... of 9.7% was observed on late sown crop (10th of April) while the minimum average shoot infestation (8.9%) was recoded on crop sown on 20th of March. Square infestation on brinjal plants sown at different times was at par at both the locations and was found slightly higher at farmer field. The maximum average fruit infestation (52.8 %) was observed at URF Koont on early sown crop (1st of Marc...
Syahruddin Said1*, Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra1 and Dani Nur Arifin2
... steroidogenesis, follicular growth, oocytes maturation, ovulation and corpus luteum formation. The aim of this study was to identify the polymorphisms in the exon 11 of bLHR/HhaI gene (SNP g.1553C>T) and its association with service per conception (S/C) of Pasundan cows of West Java, Indonesia. Total of 147 Pasundan cows were used in this study. The PCR-RFLP analysed three genotypes of CC (0.11), CT (0.57) and TT ...
Ye Ge1, Chunmiao Zhao1, Weitian Xie2, Ying Liu2,* and Chunhou Xu1,*
... spores, and Rhamnose lactobacillus produces lactic acid. In this study, to obtain functional bacteria with lactic acid and lactobacilli and simultaneously producing spores and digestive enzymes, we produced the protoplast as the parent strain of B. subtilis and Rhamnose la
Muhammad Rashid, Mahmood Ahmad Sajid, Nosheen Noor Elahi, Sibgha Noreen and Kausar Hussain Shah*
...iological processes are played role in plant adaptations to drought stress. However, antioxidant defense system and lipid peroxidation play a key role in drought tolerance. The current study was intended to investigate physiological adaptations for drought tolerance in different wheat varieties. Three weeks old seedlings of each wheat cultivar were challenged with drought stress by skippin...
Muhammad Younis1, Muhammad Irfan-ur-Rehman Khan1*, Mustansar Abbas1, Ali Murtaza1, Imran Mohsin2, Muhammad Shahzad3 and Muhammad Zahid Tahir1
...determine ovarian follicular development and steroid hormones concentrations during estrous cycle of Lohi sheep. Ovaries of nine Lohi ewes were monitored for two consecutive estrous cycles using B-mode trans-rectal ultrasonography during the breeding season (Sep-Nov 2018). Plasma progesterone and estradiol-17β concentrations were determined throughout the cycle using radioimmunoassay. The average length of the estrous c...
Muneer Abbas1*, Dilbar Hussain2, Muhammad Saleem2, Abdul Ghaffar2, Sohail Abbas3, Niaz Hussain1 and Abdul Ghaffar1
... Punjab i.e. Faisalabad, Sargodha, Toba Tek Singh with five treatments. Each experimental unit comprised of 1 ha area. Five treatments viz. A=sanitation, B=MAT, C= protein based baits, D= plant extracts and E= A+B+C+D were used during 2015-16. Data of % infested fallen fruits, total flies/trap, total flies captured/year, % fruit punctures, pupal population, % fruit infestatio...
Kamal Al-Samawi1, Mohamed Al-Hassan2, Hussein Migdadi3,4*, Megahed Ammar5 and Salem Alghamdi3
...uracy of interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) and interferon-stimulated gene 17 (ISG17) mRNA levels in early detection of pregnancy in Aardi goats compared to progesterone and ultrasound (US) were evaluated. Female goats were synchronized using the ovsynch protocol level in combination with natural mating (NM). Blood samples were collected at 1, 7, 15, 23, 35, and 60 days post NM. Levels o...
Ijaz Haider1*, Muhammad Akhtar1, Ali Noman2 and Muhammad Qasim3
...ce Research Institute, Kala Shah Kaku, Punjab, Pakistan to study the population fluctuation of five species of rice pests namely white stem borer Scirpophaga innotata (Walker), yellow stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker), rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), whitebacked planthopper...
Guofang Wu1,2, Xingxing Xue1, Wenjuan Shen1, Lei Wang1,2*, Yuhong Ma1 and Jiping Zhou1
...dustry and is directly related to the livability and growth status of piglets. By applying genetic technology, it may be possible to increase the number of teats and thus enhance production. Previous research has shown that teat number exhibits moderate levels of heritability that could be accelerated by the use of a genetic marker, such as microsatellites. Based on our preliminary sequencing data, the present study describes the use of time-of-flight mass spe...
Muhammad Tahir Waseem1, Abdul Majid Khan1*, Abdul Ghaffar2, Ayesha Iqbal1 and Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,3
...m Dhok Pathan Formation (late Miocene) has been utilized in this study to reconstruct the palaeodiet and palaeoecology by using stable isotope analyses of carbon and oxygen of tooth enamel carbonate. A gradual increase in hypsodonty and complexity in plications indicate the drier environments with hard and tough food available during the
Ying Liu1, Shankun Liu1, Hui Wang2 and Weihua Su2,*
...acid have potent anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of the current study was to scrutinize the protective effect of caffeic acid against the streptozotocin induced GDM in rats and explores the possible mechanism of action. A total 36 female rats were caged into the male rats for the pregnancy, and 33 female pregnant rats were collected and weight. The female rats were group into following groups and each group contains 6 rats. Once the pregnancy was verified,...
Muhammad Naeem1,2, Nasir Rajput1,2, Sher Ali3, Asmatullah Kaka2, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro2, Mehvish Rajput2 and Tian Wang1,*
...butyrate were almost similar in TRS-II, AH and CWR; valeric and iso-valericwere lower (P<0.05) in CWR and TRS-I than AH and TRS-II, while the propionate and total VFA were higher in AH but similar in CWR and treated rice straw. The in vitro degradibility of DM, OM and NDF were significantly higher for AH and TRS-II while, ADF was higher for AH. Steam treated straws showed increased (P>0.05) pH and NH...
Ahmad Kamran Khan1, Muhammad Hamid Bashir2*, Shanza Ahmed3, Muhammad Amjad Bashir1, Shahbaz Ali1, Syeda Amber Hameed4, Munaza Batool5, Irfan Ahmed6 and Muhammad Naeem Khan7
...ng Prostigmata mites population in disturbed and undisturbed soil were estimated from five different localities of Punjab, Pakistan. Soil sampling was done after two months interval for a year 2014. Family richness, abundance and Shannon diversity indexes were higher in undisturbed soil as compared to the disturbed one in all the localities, while low variability with respect to evenness had been found in two different types of soil. The highest diversity of s...
Muhammad Aman Ullah Khan1*, Muhammad Talha Aslam1, Abdul Rehman1, Muhammad Nawaz2, Muhammad Jahanzaib Khan1, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub3, Arbaz Ahmad Khan1, Muhammad Adil Rehman1, Bilal Ahmad Shahzad1, Sajid Hussain1, Muhammad Umair Hassan1 and Riaz Ahmad1
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...; line-height: normal;">Planting patterns have a crucial role in cane and sugar yield. This investigation was performed to determine the ratooning potential of diverse clones of sugarcane under different trench spacing. The study was comprised of different trench spacing i.e., 90, 120, 150 and 180 cm and diverse sugarcane clones i.e., US-272, US-658, US-127 and US-704. The study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement ha...
Saleem Maseeh Bhatti1*, Aslam Khan Gadehi1, Inayatullah Rajpar1, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro2, Mukesh Kumar Soothar1 and Zohaib Ur Rehman Bughio1
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...-1). Spinach plants were irrigated with defined EC levels at 80% field capacity of a clay loam, non-saline soil. Results indicated that the growth and yield parameters of spinach genotypes were constantly decreased with an increase in EC levels of irrigation water. The plants irrigated with EC 6.0 and 8.0 dS m-1 had less fresh weight of leaves (> 30%) than the p
Muhammad Jahanzaib1*, Nazakat Nawaz1, Muhammad Arshad1, Haris Khurshid1, Muzamil Hussain2 and Shahid Ali Khan1
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...ift its production. Germplasm characterization plays a vital role in improved cultivars’ development. The current study was conducted to estimate genetic variability, traits association, and path coefficient analysis in eleven groundnut advanced breeding lines together with check vis BARD-479, using randomized complete block design with three replications at National Agricultural Research Centre, Is