Sehrish Kanwal1, Ali Saeed1*, Muhammad Munir2, Memoona Arshad1
Life Sciences International Journal Issue 7 Volume 1
...To ascertain the genetic nature of circulating FMD virus, samples were collected from suspected outbreaks in Southern Punjab. The virus was primarily detected with RT-PCR with P1/P2 and 1F/1R universal primer pairs directly from field samples including tissues, vesicle and secretion. The direct sequencing and subsequent analysis of amplified PCR products for VP1 gene indicated the circulation of serotype O of FMD in studied ...
Gregg D. Caruso
Science, Religion and Culture
...to offer scientific explanations of the natural world, questions about the relationship between science and religion began to emerge. Given that science and religion are two great manifestations of human culture, and that the scientific and religious worldviews dominate our understanding of the cosmos and our place in it, it is no surprise that these issues are of profound importance to ma...
Victor J. Stenger
Science, Religion and Culture
...plies that only professional philosophers like himself are qualified to discuss the subject. However, the books Pigliucci criticizes were not intended to be philosophical treatises. They are popular books addressed to a public that is becoming increasingly disenchanted with organized religion and its negative influence on society. The new approach takes a harder line in criticizing religion than was previously the case amongst secularists. The new atheists que...
Keith Ward
Science, Religion and Culture
...d Design’ (with Leonard Mlodinow, Bantam Books, London, 2010), Stephen Hawking agrees that we should attempt to answer the questions ‘Why is there something rather than nothing? Why do we exist?’ and ‘Why this particular set of laws and not some other?’ (p. 19). In his book he proposes to answer those questions, from a purely scientific point of view (‘Philosophy is dead’, he announces on p. 13, even though the whole b...
Sehrish Kanwal, Ali Saeed, Muhammad Munir, Memoona Arshad
British Journal of Virology
...To ascertain the genetic nature of circulating FMD virus, samples were collected from suspected outbreaks in Southern Punjab. The virus was primarily detected with RT-PCR with P1/P2 and 1F/1R universal primer pairs directly from field samples including tissues, vesicle and secretion. The direct sequencing and subsequent analysis of amplified PCR products for VP1 gene indicated the circulation of serotype O of FMD in studied ...
Francisco J. Ayala and John C. Avise (eds.)
Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014, 547 pp., $47.64 (hbk),
ISBN 1421413051.
Reviewed by David Pindel
Science, Religion and Culture
...tial readings in evolutionary biology exists, despite the fact that evolution remains central to and is the unifying principle of the biological sciences. To remedy this, they have put together an impressive collection of classical papers, encompassing virtually all aspects of evolutionary biology and including all of key figures in the development of this field.
...
John Shook
Science, Religion and Culture
... and explaining its reasonableness. Scientific atheology specifically appeals to current sciences and scientific methodologies to help explain why no gods are real. Folk religions and anthropomorphic gods can’t survive, but science vs. religion is hardly the whole story. Only science joined by philosophical reflection suffices to skeptically analyze the natural theology arguments for...
Ruse, Michael, The Gaia Hypothesis: Science on a Pagan Planet, The University of Chicago Press, 2013, 251 pp, $26.00, ISBN 978-0-226-73170-4
Science, Religion and Culture
...keen observations of the natural world appealed to my hormone-driven defiance and pacified my unruliness. I thought I knew my Thoreau.
...
Tom Gilson & Carson Weitnauer (eds), True Reason: Confronting the Irrationality of the New Atheism (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 2013), 315pp, US$17.99 (paperback), ISBN 978-0-8254-4338-1
Reviewed by Gregory W. Dawes, Associate Professor of Philosophy
Science, Religion and Culture
...er a defence of the reasonableness of Christianity. Its essays cover an extraordinarily wide range of topics. These include the theological problems posed by religious diversity, the so-called “naturalism” of the modern sciences, the relations between faith and reason and religion and science, the role of religion in supporting our moral convictions, the reliability of the bibl...
Timothy Helton
In a Mirror Dimly: Anthropology and Restoring a Sense of Presence to an Empty World
... an object fit only for analysis discover in it a model of an objectified universe; and those that assume a universe subject only to natural law find in the religions that they study worlds devoid of others–sterile worlds populated only by selves incapable of meaningful relationships. The essay urges that those who see in religions only objects for analysis participate in the constru...
Souvik Ghosh, Nobumichi Kobayashi
British Journal of Virology
...iversity. Whole genomic analysis of RVAs has revolutionized the study of RVA genomics, providing a plethora of conclusive and vital data on the overall genetic diversity, true origin and complex evolutionary patterns of human RVA strains. In this review, we have summarized and discussed the significance of recent research outcomes obtained from whole genomic analysis of common and unusual ...
Johanna Lindahl 1, 2
British Journal of Virology
...fied by pigs. The occasional spill-over of the virus into humans results in more than 60 000 clinical cases of Japanese encephalitis annually, with high case fatality rates. The main vectors preferably feed on livestock and breed in rice fields, and the majority of cases subsequently occur in rural areas. This review lists the risks of emergence of diseases due to the on-going urbanization, with especial focus on vector-borne diseases, particularly Japanese e...
Sehrish Kanwal1, Ali Saeed1*, Muhammad Munir2, Memoona Arshad1
British Journal of Virology
...To ascertain the genetic nature of circulating FMD virus, samples were collected from suspected outbreaks in Southern Punjab. The virus was primarily detected with RT-PCR with P1/P2 and 1F/1R universal primer pairs directly from field samples including tissues, vesicle and secretion. The direct sequencing and subsequent analysis of amplified PCR products for VP1 gene indicated the circulation of serotype O of FMD in studied ...
El-Sayed M. Abdelwhab, Jutta Veits and Thomas C. Mettenleiter
Avian Influenza H5N1 in Egypt: What we Know and What we have to Know?
...s. Vaccines were applied nationwide to control the disease in poultry. Meanwhile, the viruses accumulated several point mutations in the HA immunogenic epitopes resulting in antigenic drift and the establishment of infections in vaccinated poultry. The Egyptian H5N1 viruses remain susceptible to oseltamivir, but genetic markers indicating resistance to amantadine have increased dramatically. In this mini-review, we discuss r...
Lei Chen, Ling Zhu, Zhi-Wen Xu, Wan-Zhu Guo
Molecular Genetics of Aichivirus C (Porcine Kobuvirus) in China
...us genus within the Picornaviridae family and is widely distributed in both healthy and diarrheic pigs from China. Due to the high detection rate in the severe diarrhea in China, Aichivirus C is thought to be a potential pathogeny of pig diarrhea. The review represented the discovery of Aichivirus C in China, and made a brief summary about molecular and ...
Joseph Andrew Bracken
Metaphysics for a World in Evolution
...the study of the laws of nature. Their aim is to deal, not with things in themselves (the Kantian noumena) but with their empirical manifestation (Kantian phenomena) via tentative hypotheses subject to empirical verification. In the humanities, there is deep suspicion of so-called “meta-narratives” that offer a comprehensive vision of reality...
David N. Livingstone, Dealing with Darwin. Place, Politics, and Rhetoric in Religious Engagements with Evolution, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014, 265 pp., ISBN 13: 978-1-4214-1326-6
Reviewed by Francisco J. Ayala, University Professor & Donald Bren Professor of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, email: fjayala@uci.edu
Science, Religion and Culture
...s theory of evolution by natural selection became generally accepted by biologists and other scientists. How was Darwin’s On the Origin of Species received by his contemporary scholars, particularly by theologians and religious authors? That is the subject of the thoroughly researched and elegantly written book by David N. Livingstone, Dealing with Darwin. Place, Politics, and Rhetoric in Religious Engagements with Evolution....
Reviewed by John Shook, University at Buffalo, USA; Email: jshook@pragmatism.org
Science, Religion and Culture
...ormative and inspi- rational, and frequently revealing in stunning ways. Comparing the answers from the impressive figures in the book takes readers on a journey through truly deep and important issues with honesty and clarity....
Reviewed by Rick Repetti, Kingsborough Community College, CUNY; Email: Rick.Repetti@kbcc.cuny.edu
Science, Religion and Culture
...ring those “contaminated” with what Boghossian calls “the faith virus.” It is replete with pithy aphorisms, guidelines, strategies, talking points, dialectical examples and analyses of real-life “interventions” designed to progressively tutor armies of atheist evangelists in the art of demolishing faith, which Boghossian claims is “pretending to know things one doesn’t know.&rd...
Stephen Kershnar
...Metz’s book of the nature and value of the meaning of life, Meaning in Life: An Analytic Study (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013), is the single best discussion of the meaning in life in the literature. It is an extraordinary work and is required reading for anyone wishing to think seriously about the topic....
Thaddeus Metz
...grateful to Stephen Kershnar for his thoughtful critical notice of my book, Meaning in Life: An Analytic Study (Metz 2013), published elsewhere in the current issue of this journal (2014). He provides a succinct and accurate overview of the book’s central conclusions, and, while being generous about its contribution to the field, also advances some penetrating criticisms of it that m...
Stephen Kershnar
...ok, Meaning in Life: An Analytic Study (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013), on meaning in life. Here I argue that his responses do not succeed. Earlier I provided two objections to Metz’s theory. First, meaning in life is not a type of value distinct from the standard types of value, specifically, what is good in itself (intrinsic good), good for someone (prudential good), or good for someone independent of pleasure and desire-fulfillment (objectiv...
Reviewed by Elly Vintiadis (www.ellyvintiadis.com)
H. Bruce Rinker
...e of ecology and evolutionary thinking. However, the strict determinism and mechanistic assumptions inherent in the physical sciences delayed unification and, thereby, contributed inadvertently to the present-day scourges of fragmentation such as human-accelerated climate change and biodepletion. A philosophia prima is now required to repair and reunite human thought to achieve a consilient valuing as a platform for our surv...
Mark Zelcer
...#803;eorye (Popular Explanations of Einstein’s Theory of Rel- ativity) and Yiddish translations of scientific classics like Darwin’s The Descent of Man1. These were geared toward a largely bilingual Jewish audience that had strong cultural ties to Yiddish (the language of Eu- ropean Jewry) and also to science. But what does it mean for an ethnicity to have strong cultural ties to science and how did it get that way in this case? Put another way, wh...
Muhangi Denis
...es in changing disease management behaviour in managing this disease....
Sandeep Satapathy and Rupam Ghosh
...throughout the year seasonally claiming several lives. IL-6/IL-2 receptors have been identified as crucial mediators for clearance of influenza by up regulating several intracellular defense mechanisms. Associated with IL-6 signalling is the expression acceleration of sequestrome 1(SQSTM1) / aggrosome and colocalization of HDAC6 to the cytoplasm. The key player HDAC6 is investigated for modelling several intracellular proces...
Yanina Panzera1*, Nicolas Sarute1, Lucia Carrau1, Jaime Aldaz2, Ruben Perez1
...tate of the art of CDV dynamics in South America, by means of a detailed analysis of the genetic diversity, evolution, and epidemiology of the virus in several countries. Our study allowed us to establish the presence of four genetic lineages in South America, being the continent with more lineages described to date, underscoring the high genetic diversity of the circulating strains....
Hanqin Shen1,3, Boliang Wu1,2, Guangwei Li1, Feng Chen1, Qingbin Luo1,3, Yimin Chen1, Qingmei Xie1,2,3*
...s, has become the predominant subtype in China, attracting considerable attention due to human infections and the contribution of internal genes to H5N1 and H7N9 influenza viruses. Multiple H9N2 AIV genotypes have been identified from various species, including birds and mammals. H9N2 AIVs could spread through water, air, and live bird markets. Since the first isolate from 1994 in Chi
Aradhana Chopra1, Ravi Shukla2 and Tarun Kumar Sharma2,3*
...uctures to bind their cognate targets with high affinity and specificity. The ease in synthesis and modification makes them an attractive candidate for a variety of applications. Since the last decade, aptamers have been regarded as an emerging player in biology. They have found applications not only in biosensors, but also in other areas such as diagnostics, biomarker discovery, drug delivery, bio-imaging and molecular therapy. In this review we have summariz...
Justin P. McBrayer
... belief are epistemic in nature. Some of our reasons for belief are prudential in the sense that believing a certain thing advances our personal goals. When it comes to belief in God, the most famous formulation of a prudential reason for belief is Pascal’s Wager. And although Pascal’s Wager fails, its failure is instructive. Pascal’s Wager fails because it relies on unjustified assumptions about what happe...
Mark Zelcer
...t rather to non-professionals....
Justin P. McBrayer
... belief are epistemic in nature. Some of our reasons for belief are prudential in the sense that believing a certain thing advances our personal goals. When it comes to belief in God, the most famous formulation of a prudential reason for belief is Pascal’s Wager. And although Pascal’s Wager fails, its failure is instructive. Pascal’s Wager fails because it relies on unjustified assumptions about what happe...
Bruce L. Gordon
...al community and, unfortunately but understandably, the view of science most non-Christians associate with evangelicalism. For scientifically literate non-Christians, it presents an obstacle to Christian faith, and for young Christians who have been raised to equate YEC with the teaching of Scripture, it can destroy their faith altogether when its falsity is discovered. With a view toward encouraging a culture of biblical and scientific literacy and overcoming...
Michael R. Molnar
...uspicions that some explanations may have taken liberties to support religious beliefs. That idea is central to one of the more recent publications on this subject. Aaron Adair promotes his book, “The Star of Bethlehem: A Skeptical View,” with the claim that no one can ex- plain the Star. The Star, he says, has no historical basis nor can it even be explained as a miracle....
Kathryne E. Taylor1 and Karen L. Mossman1,2*
...tivation of antiviral signaling have revealed a potential explanation for some of this confusion – namely, that ICP0 has important functions in the cytoplasm that have been generally disregarded, due to the fact that many frequently used experimental manipulations restrict this protein to the nucleus. This commentary discusses the significance of these findings to the ICP0 field....
Xingdong Yang and Lijuan Yuan
...ence of interfering maternal antibodies, other maternal immune regulators, and intestinal and environmental microbes. Due to the similarities between pigs and humans in terms of genetics, physiology, intestinal anatomy, and immune system, pig is particularly a suitable animal species for the modeling of human enteric p...
Matheus Nunes Weber1, Simone Silveira1, André Felipe Streck1, Luís Gustavo Corbellini2, Cláudio Wageck Canal1*
...se in Brazil showing its nation-wide distribution. In Brazil, BVDV-1, BVDV-2 and ‘HoBi’-like viruses are frequently reported whereas BVDV-2 has a higher frequency when compared with other continents. It is important to reinforce that currently Brazil has no official control program for BVDV. The significance of cattle production losses or the potential implementations of commercial barrier by other countries can possibly reason the placement of gov...
Simon Mwangi Kihu1*, George Chege Gitao1, Lily Caroline Bebora1, Njenga Munene John1, Gidraph Gachunga Wairire2, Ndichu Maingi1, Raphael Githaiga Wahome1, Davis Njuguna Karanja1, Julius Otieno Oyugi3, Ernest Lutomia3
...>...
Qin Zhao1,2, Yani Sun1,2, Gaiping Zhang1,3, Frederik Widen4, En-Min Zhou1,2,*
zhouem@nwsuaf.edu.cn
...otein contains immunodominant epitopes and is responsible for the induction of the protective humoral immune response. Six antigenic domains in the capsid protein have been identified. The fragmented proteins in these domains are analyzed for their application in serological diagnosis of HEV....
Gregg D. Caruso
...es a new account of rational deliberation consistent with the belief that one’s actions are causally determined (ch.5) and develops a forward-looking theory of moral responsibility consistent with free will skepticism (ch.6). A significant contribution to the field, Free Will, Agency, and Meaning in Life is destined to become a classic and is essential reading for anyone interested in free will and moral responsibility....
John Martin Fischer
... his important work culminating (thus far) in this significant book, he has convinced me that the view is subtle, very plausible, and even deeply attractive. Whereas there are other forms of moral responsibility skepticism on the market, Pereboom’s is (in my view) the most fully developed and most appealing. Although I am not myself a moral responsibility skeptic, and, in particular, I do not believe that causal determinism is incompatible with the kin...
Dana Kay Nelkin
...rested in these foundational issues. The main pillars of the account remain, including incompatibilism between free will and determinism, skepticism about free will on a combination of conceptual and empirical grounds, and the thesis that life on the assumption that we do not have free will can be meaningful and perhaps even better in certain important respects than life on the assumption that we have it. At the same time,...
Derk Pereboom
...s the absence of intentional manipulation or causal determination (Lycan 2007, Feltz 2013, Murray and Lombrozo forthcoming). This is not the line Fischer takes. In the response he proposes, intentional causal determination is compatible with moral responsibility in Case 2, that is, in what he calls an initial design case, in which the intentio
Weili Kong1, Guangpeng Ma2 and Jinhua Liu1*
...echanisms. Due to C-terminal ‘tail’ (CTT) truncation of NS1, there are length variation types of NS1 in different subtype influenza viruses. CTT functions in several ways to defeat the cellular innate immune responses. Here, we discuss those different effects of CTT truncation or elongation of NS1 protein in different genetic backgrounds of influenza experimentations. Conclusively, it can be stated that CTT confe...
Khalid Usman, Aziz-Ur-Rehman
...llage (RT), and conventional tillage (CT) to split application of N fertilizer [50 kg N at sowing + 100 kg N ha-1 at first irrigation (T1); 50 kg N at first irrigation + 100 kg N ha-1 at second irrigation (T2); 50 kg N at sowing + 50 kg N at first irrigation + 50 kg N ha-1 at second irrigation (T3); and 50 kg N at first + 50 kg N at second + 50 kg N ha-1 at third irrigation (T4)] in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) based cropping system. The experiment was condu...
Muhammad Arif1, Fazal Jalal1, Mohammad Tariq Jan1, Dost Muhammad2
... yields from this additional ‘summer gap’ crop....
Zaheer Ahmed Deho1, Shamsuddin Tunio2, Qammaruddin Chachar2, Fateh Chand Oad2
...x (7.4 g), and seed germination (58.5 %) as compared to other varieties. The normal (1st May sown crop) sowing showed significantly highest values for boll weight (3.18g), seed cotton yield plant-1 (65.2g), seed cotton yield (2711 kg ha-1), seed index (7.7g), staple length (27.60mm), and seed oil content (20.58%). Taking boll opening (%) into consideration, it was observed that at 50% boll opening most of the traits exhibited values likewise in higher boll wei...
Salma Shaheen, Muhammad Jamil Khan, Saleem Jilani
...onomic performance of spinach crop, at Gomal University D.I. Khan during 2009- 11. A commercial product called Bio-Aab was used as a source of EM. Organic manure was first mixed with Bio-Aab, left for 7 to 15 days at room temperature (20oC) and then applied to appropri- ate pots. The treatments of farm yard manure (FYM) @ 10 t ha-1, press mud @ 20 t ha-1, compost @ 0.7 t ha-1 and poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1 were applied with half of the recommended dose of NPK @...
Muhammad Irshad1, Abdur Rab1, Javed Rahman2, Muhammad Sajid1, Ilyas Khan2, Sajad Ali1, Muhammad Razaq1, Sallahuddin1
... in soil media with combination of (silt: Garden soil: FYM at the ratio of 2:1:1) for better growth and development under the agro climatic condition of Swat....
Shahid Ali, Munir Khan
...10. Stochastic frontier analysis was employed for the estimation of technical efficiency levels and its determinants. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) technique was applied to estimate stochastic frontier Cobb-Douglas production function to ascertain the level of technical efficiency. The econometric computer software STATA was applied for the estimation. The estimated value of technical efficiency ranges from 34 to 88 pe...
Arshad Ali Khan1, Muhammad Sajid1, Abdur Rab1, Sahib Alam2, Abdul Bari3
...e effect of various combinations of potassium from organic and inorganic sources on the growth, yield and fruit quality of two tomato cultivars i.e., Falcon and Rio Grande for two years. The response of tomato cultivars was assessed to six combina- tions viz. 0-0 (control), 100-0, 75-25, 50-50, 25-75 and 0-100% of poultry manure (PM) and Sul- phate of Potash (SOP). All the factors (K-sources, cultivars and years) alone and i...
Mohammad Fayaz, Abbas Ullah Jan, Dawood Jan
...ties for five vegetables namely potato, onion, tomato, cabbage & cauliflower and peas, mostly consumed in Pakistan. A comparison of quality elasticity between urban and rural households is provided using Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) data from Pakistan Social and Standards Living Measurement (PSLM) 2010-11. The elasticities of interest were obtained via log-log inverse (LLI) functional form of Engel equatio...
Farhad Zulfiqar, Muhammad Ashfaq
...unjab. The method of ordinary least square was used. Time series data for different explanatory variable (eco- nomic, location and climatic) from 1979-2009 relating to wheat were used for Faisalabad and Ba- hawalpur. The results of analysis showed that the effect of climatic variables was found significantly higher than that of non-climatic variables. The largest impact on wheat yield was ...
Raja Waqar Ahmed Azad, Tahir Sarwar
... mir. Three watercourses namely, Sarai, Derkot and Mera Dadu were selected randomly on aging basis. Watercourses Sarai, Derkot and Mera Dadu were constructed in 2000, 2006-07 and 2011, respectively. Conveyance losses in the selected watercourses were determined by inflow-outflow method, wherein the flow velocity was measured using current meter. The conveyance losses were found 13.2%, 11.8% and 7.8% in watercourses Sarai, Derkot and Mera Dadu, respectively, wh...
Mohammed Ali Hussain, Zakiya Ahmed Hassan
...2, un 44052 x DK and polina). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among maize hybrids for all the traits. The hybrid un44052 x DK took minimum days to tasseling (65.83 days) and silking (68.50 days). Hybrid zp-707 x un 44052 was short statured (155.59 cm) with desirable ear height of 62.93 cm. However, maximum ...
Sajid Ali1, Nouman Badar1, Hina Fatima2
E-mail | sajid_economist@yahoo.com
...d of two main cash crops namely sug- arcane and cotton crops of Pakistan by using Auto Regressive Moving Average (ARMA) and Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models of forecasting. Using data for 1948 to 2012, productions and yields of both crops were forecasted for 18 years starting from 2013 to 2030. ARMA (1, 4), ARMA (1, 1) and ARMA (0, 1) were found appropriate for sugarcane production, sugarcane yield, and cotton production respectively, w...
Stephen Suleyman Schwartz
... unite moderate, traditional, conventional, spiritual, and even conservative (but not radical) Muslims, I must begin any commentary on the French atrocities by rejecting the claim that extremism and terror are not aspects of Islamic history. To declare, as even French president Francois Hollande did, “these terrorists and fanatics... have nothing to do with the Muslim religion”...
Hussein Rashid
...ly condemned by the international community. Much of the initial reporting focused on the fact that the gunmen were of North African de- scent and were Muslim. These facts meant that they were responding to the publication by CH of cartoons deemed insulting to the Prophet Muhammad. Such an understanding seems to flow logically from the re- sponse of certain Muslims to the publication of Salman Rushdie’s Satanic Verses ...
John Teehan
... when facile “explanations” are readily available, i.e. the violent nature of Islam, their hatred of Western freedom, etc. A consistent element in many such explanations is a pronouncement on the nature of religion, in general, with some, predictably, placing the blame for such hate-filled acts squarely on religion....
Varadaraja V. Raman
...nce was in post-Revolutionary France during the Reign of Terror. On the other hand disgruntled, oppressed, and frustrated citizens (Irish Catholics, Algerian Muslims, Sri Lankan Tamils, etc.) have terrorized people and governments for various causes.There has also been terrorism by the majority on the minority in communities and nations: for example, Jews in Nazi Germany, Kurds in Saddam Hussein’s Iraq, and Blacks in S...
Frank Griffel
...005. The gut-reaction of nations struck by such horrific acts of terrorism is to say: We have done nothing wrong. In fact, the collective wearing of signs with “Je suis Charlie” (“I am Charlie”) says: We would do it all over again. Last week, almost a whole nation lined up at French newsstands to buy the first issue of “Charlie Hebdo” after the attacks on the satirical magazine. It showed ...
Gerald Misinzo1,*, Tebogo Kgotlele1, Epaphras A. Muse1, Jan Van Doorsselaere2, Mikael Berg3, and Muhammad Munir4
...>...
Paulo Eduardo Brandao
...>i) for Post-transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) has witnessed an increasing interest from those concerned with a cure for rabies, inspired on the success obtained for other viral diseases. This review is intended to present the current situation of RNAi against rabies, as well as insights into the future on the field....
Muhammad Mushtaq
E-mail | mushtaq@uaar.edu.pk
...; maize grain bait impregnated with strychnine alkaloid; while no reduction was recorded in case of no saccharin supplementation. The results of the study suggested that strychnine alkaloid is not an effective rodenticide for the control of Indian crested porcupine at least with the present bait and conditions. Further trials with low concentrations of strychnine alkaloid and decreasing the poison-baiting duration are suggested.
...
Ghazalah Yasmin1*, Mir Ajab Khan2, Nighat Shaheen3, Umbreen Javed Khan4
E-mail | ghazalahrizwan@yahoo.com
Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, Vol. 31, Iss. 1
...m>Aconogonon (Polygonaceae), we studied pollen morphology in three (A. alpinum, A. rumicifolium and A. tortuosum) of five species distributed in Pakistan using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that Aconogonon is characterized by tricolpate pollen with microspinulose type of exine ornamentation. One distinctive pollen type was recognized on the basis of aperture number and sculpturing of ...
Yashab Tur
Science, Religion and Culture, Vol. 2, Iss. 2
...s of individual and communal life, submerged in the slow rhythm of a pre-modern era, about to encounter modernity! This is the world that Elshakry describes in her groundbreaking work, a world which encounters cylinder-powered platen printing machines, the telegraph, the steam ships and railways—all coming from countries dimly perceived and barely understood. These fruits of modern science are accompanied by a host of ideas about the emergence and propag...
Thomas J. Coleman III
Science, Religion and Culture, Vol. 2, Iss. 2, Pages 39-41
... obvious answer: godless naturalism intertwined with the “New Atheism” of the Richard Dawkins’s and Sam Harris’s of the world gets to lay claim to the man and his ideas, or at least they have often appropriated him in this fashion. However, J. David Pleins’s book The Evolving God endeavors us to carefully rethink this position, as he attempts to reclaim Darwin from the grasp of the New Atheists by charging him with uncovering &ldq...
Nayle Maria Oliveira da Silva1*, Ricardo do Carmo Zanella2
Rashid Saleem1*, Zammurad Iqbal Ahmad2, Muhammad Abbas Anees2, Abdul Razzaq3 and Ashiq Saleem1
...ility treatments at National Agriculture Research Centre (NARC) Islamabad, Pakistan. Cropping systems were kept in vertical blocks and fertility treatments in horizontal blocks replicated thrice with RCBD strip block system. Sole mungbean and intercropped mungbean with maize were treated with five fertility treatments (T1, control; Phosphorus and Potash (PK) (80-60 kg ha-1) + inoculation, ...
Suresh V Kuchipudi* and Kin-Chow Chang
...roles are postural maintenance and locomotion. Comprising heterogeneous multi-nucleated fibres, skeletal muscle is one of more astounding and unusual tissues in the body in its ability to undergo dramatic phenotypic changes in response to physical demands, age and disease. The contributions of skeletal muscle to immune response and virus pathogenesis are increasingly recognized. Recent evidence strongly indicated that skeletal muscle cells fully support prod...
Galina N. Leonova1*, Ilya G. Kondratov2, Sergei I. Belikov2
...tick bite. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these strains are related to LI/A and LI/K strains isolated in England and Scotland.
...
Hu Zenglei1 and Xiufan Liu1, 2*
... one of the major determinants for the clinicopathological manifestations in infected hosts. Recent studies showed that the host innate immune responses to infection play important role in the pathologenesis of NDV, and correlate with the severity of the clinical disease. Virulent strains of different genotypes induce distinct pathological manifestations in chicken organs, especially in lymphoid tissues. Genotype VIId of NDV...
Ahmed Sultan Jatoi1*, Shahid Mehmood2, Jibran Hussain2, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq2, Yassar Abbas3, Muhammad Akram2
...tre, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. For this purpose, 2160 newly hatched quail chicks were randomly picked up from available stock and then placed into 108 experimental units (replicates comprising 20 chicks each). Growth parameters i.e. weekly body weight (g), weight gain (g), times of weight gain, feed intake (g) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were calculated during the study period. Data were analy...
Nisar Ahmad1*, Inayatullah Jan2, Saif Ullah1 and Sidra Pervez1
...rrent study attempts to analyse the impact of credit on wheat productivity in district Jhang. Furthermore, study explores the purpose of farmers for acquiring loan and major sources of credit in district Jhang. This study is based on primary data collected in 2013 from eight villages in district Jhang – Punjab, Pakistan. The district was divided into four zones and two villages were selected from each zone. An equal number of beneficiaries and non-benefi...
Dallin D. Oaks
...le. Indeed, a close examination of the account seems to allow an interpretation of events that is compatible with what linguists have observed about how languages can diversify, though some challenges may still remain in reconciling assumptions about the available post-Babel time frame versus the lengthy time frame that linguists have assumed to be necessary for the current diversification of languages.
...
Muhammad Rizwan Tariq1*, Muhammad Issa Khan1, Aysha Sameen1, Mahr un Nisa2
...ompared to other traditional meat. The current study was carried out to investigate the dietary responses of flaxseed on the meat of rabbits. Rabbits were divided into three groups: T0 rabbits were considered control group while T1 rabbits were reared on 7% flaxseed, and T2 were on 3.5% flaxseed in the feed of rabbits. Bearing in mind that this range of flaxseed will fulfil omega 3 Poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentration that contributes 8.5% of the t...
Aqeel Ahmad, Zammurad Iqbal Ahmed, Irfan Aziz*
...To optimize fertilizer management strategies for rainfed cultivation under lentil (lens culinaris) based cropping systems field trials were conducted at University Research Farm, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi during 2007-2009. Lentil was planted in winter and during summer sorghum (sorghum bicolor) and mung bean (vigna radiata) followed lentil. Five different fe...
Shen Yang1, Guang-Zhi Tong1, 2*
...n: justify;">Antiviral innate immunity plays a central role at the early stage of viral life cycles. The highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) is a major concern for the swine industry and causes high degrees of morbidity and mortality. The intracellular signalling cascades of the innate immune system triggered by HP-PRRSV often lead to the elimi<...
Hai-Bo Wang, Qiu-Hua Mo, Ze Yang*
Huaichang Sun
...e protection of conventional vaccines. RNA interference (RNAi) has becoming a feasible strategy against various virus infections. Recently, a significant advance in RNAi technology is the use of artificial microR
Josef D. Jarhult1, 2
... 24 hours, and increases nausea and vomiting by 3-5%. Whether oseltamivir treatment has an effect on the frequency of influenza complications or not remains controversial. Oseltamivir is still standard as prophylaxis, treatment of severely ill patients and patients with risk factors for severe influenza disease as well as an important part of pandemic preparedness plans. Resistance development is a potential problem both in treated humans and in the environmen...
Hayat Badshah1*, Farman Ullah1, Abid Farid2, Ahmad-U-Rahman Saljoqi1, Sajjad Ahmad3
...oduction techniques of Aenasius bambawalei Hayat (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) (a parasitoid of the cotton mealybug) in the Laboratory, it is necessary to know the development capacity of the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Sternorrhyncha: Pseudococcidae), on different host plants. Such studies would identify the best host plant for its efficient rearing. The present study investigated some basic life table para...
Khalid Usman1*, Niamatullah Khan2, Fazal Yazdan3
...gth (28.5 g tex-1), micronaire (4.3µg inch–1) and uniformity (80.2%) were also higher for DNH-105 than other varieties. Ginning out turn ranged from 37.2 (CIM-612) to 39.9% (DNH-105). Fibre length ranged from a low of 28.3 (CIM-612) to a high of 29.2 mm (DNH-105) while fibre strength was observed 25.0 (CIM-612) to 28.5 (DNH‑105) g tex-1. Micronaire value ranged from 4.3 (DNH-105) to 4.8 µg inch–...
Kemi Funmilayo Omotesho1*, Isreal Ogunlade1, Opeyemi Eyitayo Ayinde2
...e end users. This study analysed farmers’ perception of the accountability of agricultural extension services rendered in Oyo State, Nigeria. Structured interview schedule was used in eliciting information from 195 farmers in rural communities across the four agro-ecological zones in the study area using a two-stage random sampling technique. Data used for the study were analysed using descriptive statistics, Likert sc...
Muhammad Shah Zaman1, Ghulam Muhammad Ali2, Aish Muhammad1, Khalid Farooq2, Iqbal Hussain1*
...varieties (Asterix, Cardinal, Challenger, Desiree, Hermis, Kroda, Sh-5 and Sante) was investigated for salt tolerance at 0.0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 mM NaCl supplemented with MS medium. Kroda emerged as the most salt tolerant variety with the highest plant height (6.5 cm), number of nodes (8.8), fresh shoot weight plant-1 (0.166 g), number of roots (4.6) and root length (2.5 cm) at 60 mM NaCl followed by Sh-5. Desiree and Cardina
Hina Fatima1*, Muhammad Azeem Khan2
...uglas Translog frontier analysis has been done. A primary research is conducted in the area of Rahim Yar Khan. Adoption of Modern wheat varieties is important for more profit as well as for enhancing the wheat productivity. However, modern wheat varieties have not been adopted widely in Pakistan. Farmers make use of traditional wheat varieties, whose yields are quite below the modern wheat varieties. The result of the study ...
Faheem Khan*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
...ane yield. Two districts namely Mardan and Charsadda of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province were selected for this purpose. A multi-stage sampling method was used to draw sample of 336 sugarcane growers for the present study and an interview schedule was used to solicit responses that addressed the research objectives. The findings from the study showed that 80 percent of respondents were illiterate while the 20 percent of respondents who were literate had achieved v...
Imdad Sohu1, Allah Wadhayo Gandahi2*, Ghulam Raza Bhutto2, Muhammad Salim Sarki2, Rabail Gandahi3
...m. Integrated nutrient management is important for higher crop yields and sustainable agriculture. A field experiment was conducted to study the residual effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of chickpea crop. The treatments included control (no organic or inorganic fertilizer), NPK (36-72-0 kg ha-1), NPK (36-72-20 kg ha-1), Farmyard Manure (20 t ha-1), Poultry Manur...
Shahid Iqbal Awan1*, Syed Dilnawaz Ahmad2, Muhammad Amjad Ali3, Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed1, Aurangzeb Rao1
... justify;">Multivariate analysis was used to assess the diversity in 176 wheat genotypes for morpho-physiological traits. Simple correlation coefficients indicated that grain weight had a significant positive relationship with residual transpiration, osmotic adjustment, cell membrane stability, flag leaf weight, specific flag leaf weight, while negatively correlated with specific flag leaf area. These results indicated the importance of physiological traits an...
Thomas J. Coleman III1*, Ralph W. Hood Jr.1 and John R. Shook2
.... Moreover, these phenomena have been researched, studied and documented by multiple disciplines ranging from cognitive science to religious studies, and from anthropology to sociology. The study of atheism and secularity is of high interest to not only scholars, but also the public in general. In this special issue of Science, Religion & Culture, Guest Edited by John R. Shook, Ralph W. Hood Jr., and Thomas J. Coleman III, we present 8 articles, 2 research...
Jonathan Jong
...gion (and related phenomena, including nonreligion, atheism, and secularity) is invariably prefaced by sheepish attempts to define these terms, followed by apologies for the inevitable inadequacy of the proposed definitions. This paper argues that scholars of religion and nonreligion should accept the fact that “religion” and “nonreligion” are, like all social scientific concepts (and some biological ...
Ethan G. Quillen
...inter- and multi-disciplinary understanding about what we mean when we discuss Atheism. On the other, this myriad of voices has equally led to an ever-broadening discordancy, an equivocal discourse that makes it all the more difficult to identify any sort of common or universal definition. This latter issue is, as this paper will argue, the result of a theoretical abstraction, a scholarly attempt at theorizing a general interpretation. This is evinced not ju...
Ryan T. Cragun1*, Joseph H. Hammer2, Michael Nielsen3
...reds of measures of personal religiousness and spirituality exist, none are capable of reliably and validly assessing individuals who identify as nonreligious and nonspiritual. There is a need to develop a valid and reliable measure of (non)religiousness and (non)spirituality. This article discusses these problems, and presents the development and initial validation of a 17-item Nonreligious-Nonspiritual Scale (NRNSS) across three studies. The NRNSS exhibite...
Luke Galen
.... However, a closer examination of the literature reveals that the mechanisms of most beneficial associations with religiosity are attributable to factors other than beliefs, chiefly, social engagement and embeddeness in supportive groups. Often, those with the lowest levels of well-being and prosociality are uncommitted or indifferent religious believers, not socially engaged nonbelievers. Therefore, defining individuals who are not committed or engaged in so...
Joseph Langston1*, Joseph Hammer2, Ryan T. Cragun3
...embers (“secular nonaffiliates”) on nonbeliever group goals, functions, and activities. Second, we examined the perceptions of secular affiliates regarding why secular nonaffiliates do not join nonbeliever groups as well as the reasons given by secular nonaffiliates as to why they do not join these groups. Third, we asked a series of questions on nonbelievers’ preference...
Gareth Longden
...th Campbell’s original 1967 data and against data derived from the 2011 United Kingdom Census. Particular attention is given to the topics of sex, age, residence, employment, and education background of the members....
John Stinespring, Ryan T. Cragun*
...ure rates of religious nonaffiliation. A two-period, two-variable Markov switching model is used which yields a tractable steady state solution and growth path for the share of the population that is nonreligious. The model setup and solution are shown to be both intuitive and determined by three parameter values. The authors illustrate its use by estimating these parameter values using biannual data from the 1973 to 2012 General Social Surveys (GSS). The para...
Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi
...iefs are the products of natural, intuitive human thinking, and are shared by most humans. Academic research, or science, is the product of counter-intuitive, unnatural psychological processes, and the resulting concepts are beyond the reach of most. It is not surprising that religion has been around for possibly more than 100,000 years, while academic research is a recent historical development. Over the past century, indiv...
David F. Bradley*, Julie J. Exline, Alex Uzdavines
...age of a god with relational characteristics (e.g., loving, cruel, and/or distant). Can nonbelievers form an image of a hypothetical god? What characteristics do their hypothetical gods have? We conducted an Internet-based survey of adult nonbelievers in the U.S. (N = 458). Most (86%; N = 393) were able to form an image of a hypothetical god. On average, nonbelievers described a god that was more loving than distant or cruel. Compared to a previously reporte...
Rabbi Paul Shrell-Fox
...ee that belief in a supernatural God is a derivative of religious intuition, it is safe to assume that over one’s lifetime, intuition and attitudes towards a belief in God is subject to fluctuation. Dennett and LaScola found this to be true with priests and ministers. That study was the catalyst for the current study of rabbis’ shift in religious beliefs in general, and belief in God in particular. Approximately 25 rabbis voluntarily submitted vign...
Liz Goodnick
...s old questions are yet unanswered. Is he willing to prevent evil, but not able? then is he impotent. Is he able, but not willing? then is he malevolent. Is he both able and willing? whence then is evil?” (Hume 1993, 100)....
Marcus Mann
...ed by its vitriolic and unapologetic stance toward religion and the moral relativism that the new atheists claim protects it. Following Harris’s example, evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins published his book, The God Delusion, cognitive philosopher Daniel Dennett came out with Breaking the Spell and journalist and literary critic Christopher Hitchens concluded the movement’...
Amanda Schutz
...cent and happy children, navigate tragedy, or cooperate effectively with others in society. Phil Zuckerman spends the remainder of the book refuting this claim. His goal is to explore “how secular people navigate their lives,” which is no small task. Throughout the book he discusses how secularists do in fact have morals, successfully raise children, deal with death and heartache, and build communities—basi...
Ghulam Ali Bajwa and Muhammad Arshad Khan
...d micro nutrients were managed in soil and mulberry foliage through application of urea and diammonium phosphate (DAP). Urea at the rate of 608 kg/ha and DAP at the rate of 260 kg/ha was applied on six mulberry varieties. The results showed a deficiency in nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc and manganese in soil before the fertilizer application. Contrarily, high copper and potassium contents were found. After three weeks of fertilizer application, concentration of N,...
Rabnawaz1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Tahir Sarwar2, Mohammad Jamal Khan3
...than 90%, thus the sustainable water supply to meet the food and fibre demand of the ever increasing population is a big challenge. Increase in crop water productivity (CWP) is one of the most important options for sustainable use of water resources in semi-arid environment. A field study was conducted during Rabi 2010-11 and Kharif 2011 crop seasons to compare the CWP of main crops (wheat, sugarcane, mai...
Ali Muhammad*, Muhammad Ayub
... popular for their medicinal values. Due to its bitter taste the fruit is unable to eat directly because the fruit contain high level of bitter glucoside such as oleourepean. Aim of this research work was to reduce the bitterness level of olive fruit by different treatment such as water, salt and lye solution which were coded as RW1, RW2 and RW3 respectively. During treatment process the bitter glucoside level such as oleour...
Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro*, Habib-Ur-Rehman Memon, Muhammad Ali Ansari, Ahmed Naqi Shah
... considered low-cost and natural sources for weed suppression. Field trials were undertaken at Cotton Section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tandojam Pakistan during summer 2010 and repeated during summer 2011 for validating the previous results. The experiments were laid out in three replicated randomized complete block design. The seed of cotton variety “Sindh-1” was sown through drilling in the 1st week of May each year. Th...
Gultaj Hussain1, Abdur Rahman1*, Tariq Hussain2, Siraj Uddin1, Tariq Ali3
E-mail | abdur_rahman@aup.edu.pk
...ples were processed and analyzed for TVC of E. coli and S. typhymurium at 0, 48, 144 and 288hrs during 12 days of meat samples refrig- eration storage at 4±1 °C. The pH of meat samples were checked and recorded on similar intervals. During 12 days storage, significant reductions (i.e. P <0.05) were found in both E. coli O157: H7 and S. typhymurium growth when exposed to these treatments. Results revealed that levels of citric and lactic acid conc...
Guoyi Li1, Haiyan Tong1, Jiansheng Chen2, Jinliang Wei2, Xiaoming Zhao2, Guoping Zhang2, Zixue Shi2*
E-mail | shizixue@gmail.com
...to emerge in previously unaffected areas. Scientific evidences show that JEV would remain a global pathogen and might cause worldwide pandemics. Currently, more research is required to be applied to JEV pathogenesis and antivirus therapy. This review aims to reveal the exigency of developing a worldwide effort to acknowledge the importance of performing an extensive study of this deadly disease....
Brittany D. Rife 1,2, Marco Salemi 1,2*
E-mail | salemi@pathology.ufl.edu
...ayesian phylogeographic analysis has recently been at the forefront of understanding epidemiological processes through the reconstruction of evolutionary history and spatial dissemination of pathogens. Infection of a single host can be viewed similarly as an epidemic spread on a microscale, creating a unique opportunity for the application of phylogeography at the intra-host...
Rick Repetti
...stify;">I argue that an analysis of Buddhist meditation theory and practice may be used to ground a model of the possibility of free agency that stands up against four powerful arguments for free will skepticism in contemporary analytic philosophy: Peter van Inwagen’s consequence argument, which asserts that if choices are lawfully necessary consequences of prior events, then they are unfree; Derk P...
Opeyemi Eyitayo Ayinde1*, Kayode Ayinde2, Tofunmi Emmanuel Ilori1, Raphael Olanrewaju Babatunde1
E-mail | opeyemi@unilorin.edu.ng
...ansformed from their nominal value to real value and analysed using descriptive statistics, unit root test, ordinary least square model, Cochrane-Orcutt, least absolute deviation estimators and simultaneous equation model. The study further established that the prices of staple foods were inter-related. Also, it was showed that agricultural credit guarantee scheme funds ...
Reviewed by Dr William Patterson
...dence supporting evolutionary biology. It was rightly seen by many as one of the best books yet written on that subject for a general audience and deservedly spent time on the bestsellers list. In his second book, Faith vs. Fact: Why Science and Religion are Incompatible, Coyne does less well. His aim is to demonstrate that the contrasting mindsets underlying science (with its emphasis on rationality, evidence, experime...
Oladipo Elijah Kolawole*, Oloke Julius Kola, Awoyelu Elukunbi Hilda, Olasunmibo Oluwatobi Gabriel, Ogunyale Tolulope Temitope
E-mail | koladipo2k3@ yahoo.co.uk
....89%). The multivariate analysis between age and CD4 count shows highest prevalence in the age range 31-40 years with CD4+ count less than 200cells/μl. The seroprevalence shows there is a significant difference between age and CD4+ cell count. The result provides the evidence that Hepatitis E virus is present among HIV individuals in Ogbomoso and they are more susceptible to the virus....
Temitope Oluwasegun Cephas Faleye1, Johnson Adekunle Adeniji1, 2 *
...tween 2005 and 2011 originated from NPEV-Cs circulating in Northern Nigeria. Here, we further investigate whether NPEV-Cs circulating in south-western Nigeria (SWN) contributed to the emergence of these lineages. In 2013 sewage contaminated water samples were collected from two sites in Lagos, Nigeria. Samples were concentrated and inoculated into MCF-7 and RD cell lines. Isolates from MCF-7 were passaged in RD and L20B cell...
Rodolfo Villagra-Blanco1*, Gaby Dolz1, Danilo Montero-Caballero2, Juan Jose Romero-Zuniga2
...heep from 15 farms were analysed for the presence of antibodies against bluetongue virus (BTV) by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibodies were detected in 290 sheep from fourteen different flocks, distributed in all analyzed regions (Central, Chorotega, Atlantic Huetar, North Huetar, and Central Pacific) determining regional seropositivity between 63.5% and 100.0%,...
Elly Vintiadis
...ntific study of the natural world and mainstream theistic belief are at ease with each other. It is a main contention of the book that the question of the conflict between science and religion is ill-posed because, properly understood, theism incorporates science since it too, just like science, requires people to seek the truth and to think critically. In order to go about showing why this
is so, Steane embarks on sho...
is so, Steane embarks on sho...
Mohammed A. Rohaim1*, Rania F. El-Naggar2, Abdulrahman M. Gamal3, Elshaimaa Ismael3, Mohamed M. Hamoud4, Sherif T. Moubarak3, Ashraf M. Metwally1, Manal M. Zaki3, Shimaa A.E. Nasr3, Samah Elsaid3, Mohamed M. Ali3, Hussein A. Hussein1 and Osama K. Zahran3
Email: mohammedvet1986@gmail.com; mohammed_abdelmohsen@cu.edu.eg
...gypt is facing various management problems along with infectious diseases including avian influenza (AI). Biosecurity measures, controlling poultry movements and inactivated vaccines were devised to combat the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAIV) H5N1. HPAIV are highly susceptible to all disinfectants because they are enveloped viruses. Disinfection against avian influenza viruses at the po...
Shumaila Manzoor1, Afshan Ahmed1 and Muhammad Abubakar2*
...t-and-mouth disease vaccination. The pattern of antibody titers in animals of different age groups was observed as less than 1 year, 1-2 years and more than 2 years for both ELISA and SNT. The peak immune response measured by SNT was 2.8log10 whereas ELISA detected serum antibody titer up to 2.4 log10. Findings showed that highest titers were seen in animals of age > 2 years i.e. 1.70 log10 (for serotype ...
Youssef Lhor1*, Mounir Khayli1, Mohamed Bouslikhane2, Mehdi El Harrak3, Ouafaa Fassi Fihri2
Email: y.lhor@yahoo.fr
...asures and disease risk analysis, this entomological survey was performed on the risk of transmission of bluetongue virus (BTV) and identification of the main breeding sites of Culicoides. From April 2009 to March 2010, the study was carried out at 14 sites distributed across the country. Results indicated that the two most abundant Culicoides species were Culicoides imicola (94.2-95.85%) and Culicoides newsteidi (2.21-2.72%). The rate of p...
Muhammad Zubair, Sajid Mahmood Sajid
...eedback of estrogen on gonadotropin release and leading to up-regulation of ovulation. It has useful effects on the reproduction of female in terms of reduction in puberty and ovulation induction. The beneficial effects are manifested in male in terms of improvement of semen....
Tomas Jinnerot1*, Karin Malm1, Erik Eriksson1 and Jonas Johansson Wensman2
E-mail | Tomas.Jinnerot@sva.se
...nd accurate diagnostics enables the selection of proper management. Our objective was to develop a sensitive and specific real-time PCR for detection of B. bronchiseptica in samples from dogs with respiratory signs. A genome comparison program was used to select a suitable target DNA sequence. A PCR targeting the bfrZ gen...
Mudasir Irfan Dar*, Fareed Ahmad Khan and Farha Rehman
E-mail | irfanmudasir@gmail.com
...) through foliar spray. Analyses were done at days 3, 7, and 15 after treatment. Lipid peroxidation rates and contents of proline, ascorbate (ASC), glutathione (GLU), antioxidative enzymes; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) were assessed. Imidacloprid enhanced malondi- aldehyde (MDA) and proline contents over their respective controls at all doses and growth stages observed, attaining maximum ...
Ummara Waheed Khan, Raza Ahmed, Irum Shahzadi and Mohmmad Maroof Shah
Email | mmshah@ciit.net.pk
...nent techniques, traditional plant breeding has been on leading edge. The discovery of molecular genetics and biotechnological techniques, such as genome mapping, tissue culture, genetic transformation and in vitro regeneration offered new dimensions of research to improve important crop species including wheat. The tissue culture by itself has increased the crop improvement potential to develop new cultivars with desirable traits thro...
Shubhada K Chothe, Bhushan M Jayarao and Suresh V Kuchipudi
Nagina Zeb, Muhammad Sajid, Abdul Mateen Khattak and Imtiaz Hussain
...um) was carried out at Ornamental Nursery, Department of Horticulture, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University, Peshawar during 2011. Suckers of chrysanthemums were planted during the first week of January and transplanted in 20 cm clay pots in July. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors replicated three times. Different levels of potassium (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg pot-1) and maleic hydrazide (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 ...
Muhammad Imran1*, Muhammad Mobashar2, Muhammad Irfan3, Shazia Hanif4, Sumaira Hanif5 and Muhammad Abubakar6
...with MOLM however a combination of MOLM and CSC improved milk yield than either protein source fed alone in lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes in Pakistan....
Muhammad Arif Zafar1*, Arfan Yousaf1, Murtaz-ul-Hasan1, Faisal Ayub Kiayani1, Matee ul Islam2 and Muhammad Farooq Iqbal1
..., hand-sewn, end-to-end anastomosis technique in a calf treated for traumatic umbilical hernia with peritonitis. A cross-bred calf was presented with peritonitis due to traumatic umbilical hernia. The decision to operate the calf was made after confirmation of umbilical hernia resulted in septic shock. Animal was first stabilized with supportive treatment prior to surgical decompression. A modified two-layer hand-sewn anasto...
Tauseef Taj Kiani1*, Mozammil Hussain1 and Hidayat ur Rahman2
...1 hybrid combinations, which were used to develop three generations F2, BC1 and BC2. Heterosis (in F1) and inbreeding depres- sion (in F2, BC1 and BC2) were quanti ed for traits including shelling percentage, kernels per row, kernel rows per ear, and 100-grain weight and grain yield. Non-additive gene action was evident for shelling percentage, kernels per row and 100-grain...
Mushtaq Ahmad1*, Habib Akbar1, Mohammad Tariq Jan1, Muhammad Jamal Khan Khattak2 and Abdul Bari3
...ters were statistically analyzed and planned mean comparisons were carried out to explain significant differences. Seeding depth significantly affected all the studied parameters except sugar sucrose. Sugar beet planted at 2 cm depth showed highest germination process and gave better yield production. Mean maximum leaf area plant-1 (170.49 cm2), leaf area index (6.77), root length (35.50 cm) and root weight plant-1 (0.98 kg-...
Corey McCal
...ch Enlightenment, and, finally, to Darwin’s Victorian religiosity and the German Left Hegelians (Feuerbach and Marx in particular)....
Rick Repetti
...ings/worlds – originate with Robert Merrihew Adams (1972, 1979). Adams (1972) argued that in creating imperfect beings God was graceful in giving the undeserved gift of life. There have been many objections to Adams’s argument; e.g., Jerome A. Weinstock (1975) objected that God still would have been graceful in granting undeserved life to superior beings, and, among others, E. Wielenberg (2004) objected that grace doesn’t erase the imperfecti...
Shahid Ali1, Habib Akbar2, Mohammad Tariq Jan2, Mohammad Jamal Khan3 and Abdul Bari4
...e applied and standard management practices (inter-culturing, earthing up, and irrigation) were performed. The objectives were to find best planting source, cane portions, setts placement methods and interaction for maximum emergence, visible crop stand leading to yield and yield components. Significant differences were observed among cane portions and setts placement methods for all the traits except emergence %. Planting sources exhibited significant differe...
Ghulam Ali Bajwa1, Faizah Abood2, Yusof Bin Ibrahim3
...ustify;">Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) was bio-assayed against three larval instars of Atteva sciodoxa under laboratory conditions of 27±2ºC, 75% RH and 12:12 h photoperiod. Instar 3rd responded with 100% mortality at 5x107 conidia ml-1, while same level of mortality was recorded in 5th instar at 1x108 conidia ml-1. Instar 5 also showed the lowest mortality (33.3%) at 1x106 conidia ml-1. Median effective concentration (EC50) ranged between 9.87x105 a...
Kang-Seuk Choi
...apsid proteins mimic the naive configuration of authentic IBD virus particles. The VLPs show intrinsic immunogenicity and a high safety profile. Thus, VLPs are considered one of the most promising approaches to vaccine development and are an alternative to inactivated IBD vaccines. In addition, VLP technology has many applications. This paper reviews the potential of VLPs as an alter...
Mohammad Taghi Karimi
...ent compared to other spinal deformities. Different types of orthoses have been used to treat the kyphosis. The aim of this review is to determine the effciency of various orthoses to reduce kyphotic curve based on the available literature. A search was performed in some databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embasco and ISI Web of Knowledge between 1960 and 2015 years. Keywords such as kyphosis, spinal deformit...
Monireh Ahmadi Bani1*, Mostafa Kamali2, Iman Borji3, Soheyla Aslani3, Francis Fatoye4
...nd eyes closed). Traditional method for stability analysis showed no difference between two conditions in one minute standing (p ≥ 0.05). However, the new method confirmed that stability parameters significantly decreased in five minutes standing (p<0.001). Moreover, patients were unstable in standing during the fourth and fifth minute. Taken together, diagnosis based on five minute standing using the Romberg test appe...
Ali Mohammadi, Mohammad Hossein Ebrahimi
...e remedy for effective management of such ailments. Out of the available and applied implants, none of them was evaluated by motion analysis system. It has been shown that severity of pain and overall function of knee joint were improved following the use of this implant. Although it has been mentioned that KineSpring knee implant is an effective method to relieve pain and improve function in Knee OA, the...
Fatemeh Kheiri
...ed by use of the motion analysis system and a Kistler force plate. The stability of subjects during standing and their energy consumption while walking were analyzed by the use of a Kistler force plate and a polar heart rate monitoring. The difference between the kinetic and kinematic between sound and prosthetic sides was evaluated by two sample t-test. The physiological cost index of amputees varied between 0.42 and 0.74 b...
Seyed Mohsen Mirbod
...ociate with post-operational complications. The aim of this study is to design an orthosis which is easy to use, economical and effective. A new knee orthosis was designed to improve the performance of OA patients during standing and walking. Two subjects with knee osteoarthritis recruited in this research study. The gait performance of the subjects and their stability to stand was evaluated by the use of motion analysis sys...
Rongfei Lu1, 2, Zhiyang Liu1, Peng Fang1, Guangyi Chen1, Feng Sun1, Yongjian Fan1, Yijun Zhou1, Tong Zhou1*
... detection and disease dynamics. The validity and the reliability of generated data can be enhanced significantly appropriate measures. As a standard for the relative expression of target genes, the selection of reference genes is crucial. This review describes the history of the RT-qPCR technology, emphasizes the importance of reference genes and enumerates several algorithms to screen reference genes to normalize the RT-qPCR data. Additio
Jonas Johansson Wensman1*a, Karl-Johan Leuchowius2,3 a, Jiting Yan1, Anna-Lena Berg4, Liv Bode5, Hanns Ludwig5, Sandor Belak6, Ulf Landegren2, Ola Soderberg2, Mikael Berg6
...text-align: justify;">Borna disease virus type 1 (BDV) comprises highly conserved neurotropic non-segmented negative strand RNA-virus variants causing neurological and behavioral disorders in a wide range of mammalian animals, possibly including humans. Viral persistence in the brain has been frequently observed, however, the exact mechanisms behind BDV’s ability to establish persist...
Maurice A. Finocchiaro
...ure. This ended the original controversy, but generated a new one that continues today, for example, about whether the condemnation proves the incompatibility between science and religion. Recently the Galileo affair has been studied by several scholars whom I label “Berkeley para-clericals,” chiefly philosopher Paul Feyerabend and historian John Heilbron. Their approach is distinctive: it views controversial top...
Muhammad Amjad Nadim1*, Mohammad Safdar Baloch1, Ejaz Ahmad Khan1, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1, Kashif Waseem2
...and B (alone and in combinations) were assigned to sub-plots. The results revealed significant variations in plant growth and yield attributes with recommended doses of NPK fertilizers. This treatment (NPK at recommended levels) resulted in higher leaf area index (0.33 and 0.27 [49 days after sowing-DAS] and 2.03 and 2.77 [98-DAS]), crop growth rate (40.42 and 40.96 g m-2 day-1), relative growth rate (88.94 and 84.14 mg g-1 day-1), net assimilation rate (3.58 ...
Khalid Ali1*, Amanullah Jan2
...re Research Institute Tarnab, Peshawar- Pakistan (semiarid conditions) to investigate the effect of two green manuring crop species (guar and millet), their incorporation age (40, 70 and 100 days after sowing, DAS) and parts (whole plants incorporation and stubbles incorporation) under varying nitrogen levels (0, 75 and 100 kg ha-1) on physiology, yield and economic returns of Canola (Brassica napus L. cv. Bulbul-98). The ex...
Rehmat Ullah1*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1 and Kalim Ullah2
...y;">Constraints and gap analysis of Model Farm Services Center (MFSC) approach was investigated in District Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, during year 2015. For the present study, a sample of 306 respondents was selected based on Sekaran sampling technique while using descriptive research design. Well-prepared and pre-tested interview schedule was utilized for collection of data. Descriptive statistics i.e. frequency, percentages and rank orde...
Abiodun D. Olabode
... view to identify farm management practices that enhance sustainable production of rice in the study area. Primary data were obtained through the use interview schedule. Eighty copies of structured interview were purposively employed to obtain individual response of the farmers whose plots fall within the demarcated forty-sampled quadrats from both irrigated and non-irrigated farms. Information on socio-economic activities o...
Moorthy S. Muthuswamy
...o offers a credible alternative. However, beginning in the 1970s, thanks to Saudi Arabia’s backing, religious leaders began growing in power due to the popularization of a self-serving theme that sharia is all-encompassing divine law and an essential guide to life. A new analysis of the 2013 Pew data shows us that religious leaders’ political and religious influences correlate with sharia’s popularity, and ...
John G. Bruno1*, Chien-Chung Chao2,3, Zhiwen Zhang3, Wei-Mei Ching2,3, Taylor Phillips1, Allison Edge1, Jeffery C. Sivils1
...nd reporter aptamer combinations and tested in a fluorescent peroxidase-linked Amplex® UltraRed (AUR; a resazurin-like substrate) version of a rapid (< 1 h) aptamer magnetic bead sandwich assay. The optimal sandwich aptamer combination utilized the same aptamer sequence (designated Rt-18R) for both capture and reporter functions while producing a signa
Mohammed A. Rohaim1*, Rania F. El Naggar2, Ahmed M. Helal3, Hussein Ahmed Hussein1 and Neil LeBlanc4
... in Egypt. Phylogenetic analysis of the F and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) genes indicated that the isolate clustered with the PPMV-1 strains recently reported from Israel within subgenotype VIb. Our findings report the emergence of PPMV-1 in Egyptian pigeons and the potential role these wild birds can play in the transmission and evolution dynamics of PPMV-1....
Ilham Ulla, G. Arjumand, Nawab Ali and Mohammad Akmal*
... L.), a non-conventional oil seed crop, can successfully be fit in the cropping system as spring or summer season crop. However, its planting in summer is at risk of the moon-soon outbreak duration in the season. Present study was aimed to quantify delay-sowing response with increasing N-rate on crop productivity at Agronomy Research Farm, University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan. Sunflower (cv. Hysun-33) was planted on different dates i.e. Jul. 1, 11 a...
Haq Aman Ullah1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Ijaz2 and Aqeel Javeed3
...the present study contamination status of aflatoxin B1 in cotton seed cake, wanda, wheat bran and homemade concentrate mixture of dairy goats was investigated in district Lahore of Pakistan. A total of Twenty 20 goat farms were randomly selected and out of that 40 feed samples 2 from each farm were collected in the month of April. All the samples were analysed for the determination of afla...
Mohammed M. Islam1, 3 *, Damian F. J. Purcell2 and George Kannourakis1,3
...t also to estimate the dynamics of viral population in the infected hosts. Several recent methodologies and chemistries have been proposed for viral diagnostics with variable outcomes and successes. In this review, we discuss a novel approach to identify the least transcripts of viral genomes using suppression subtractive hybridization that can be adapted to unanimously identify viruses of diverse genetic backgrounds. <...
Shahida Bibi* and Ijaz Ahmad Khan
...nder different crop combination at the Research Farm of The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan during the year 2012. The study was carried out in a split-plot design with three replications. Herbicide treatments (herbicide used and herbicide not used) were assigned to main plots, while intercropping treatments (sole maize, sole mungbean, 5 rows of mungbean + 6 rows of maize, 10 row of mungbean + 6 rows of maize) were allotted to subplots. Results of ...
Nazish Huma Khan*, Mohammad Nafees and Adila Bashir
...il and wheat crop contamination caused by heavy metals (Cd, Cr and Ni). Soil samples were collected from both orchard and non-orchard fields and were extracted with Aqua-regia and Mehlich-3 extracting solutions for total and available metals respectively. Wheat crops from both fields (orchard and non-orchard) were collected and analyzed with aqua-regia for heavy metals contents. Results showed that the average concentrations...
Mukhtarullah1, Jawad Ali2 and Mohammad Akmal1*
...differs by 100% from the national average yield due to rainfed planting (67%). Sowing of wheat in the area starts in October subject to onset of winter rains which delays its planting in the season. This study aims to compare yield performance of newly released varieties of wheat by delay in sowing in the season under rainfed condition. Field experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Farm, Ahmad Wala Karak, Pakistan i...
Tahir Khan, Raziuddin, Fakharuddin* and Muazam Jamal Razi
...ttributes in Brassica napus using 10 parental lines and their 21 F4 populations. Significant differences were observed among genotypes, parents, F4 populations and parents versus F4 populations for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, primary branches plant-1 and main raceme length. Among parents, CA2, DH8, DH4, CA4 and DH6 performed better for different traits. Whereas among F4 po...
Imtiaz Hussain, M. Sajid, Noor ul Amin, Abdul Mateen Khattak, Abrar Hussain Shah, S. Mussarat Hussain, Sayed Hussain and Nagina Zeb
...Silvery was studied at Ornamental Horticulture Nursery, Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, during January to September, 2011. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with split plots arrangement was used for the experiment. The experiment was replicated four times. The Silvery softwood cuttings were planted in two different growing conditions i.e. under plastic tunnels and o...
Qaizar Ahmed1, Fida Mohammad2, Hidayat-ur-Rahman2, Sheraz Ahmed2* and Fakharuddin2
...sed in all possible combinations to generate 7 x 7 diallel crosses. In 2008 and 2009, all F1 hybrids along with their parent cultivars were planted in randomized complete block (RCB) design with four replicates at Tobacco Research Station Mardan (plain) and Tobacco Research Substation Mansehra (hilly). Data for all traits were analysed in pooled analysis and individual environme...
Nadeem Khan1*, Arshad Ali Khan1, Mukhtar Ahmad2, Muhammad Nouman2 and Badshah Islam1
...dy was conducted at National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad. The experiment was performed on randomized complete block design (RCBD) consisting of eleven treatments (cultivars) replicated three times during 2015. The results showed that Tarocco attained maximum height (156.13 cm), followed by Mexican Lemon (146.80 cm). Similarly, maximum plant spread and leaf area were recorded in Mexican Lemon 124.07 cm and 11.35 cm2, respectively. ...
Ashley C. Banyard1* and Satya Parida2
... Peste des petits ruminants virus causes an economically important disease of small ruminants that causes extensive livestock losses across areas where it is endemic. Further the recent description of the disease in naïve populations of animals have demonstrated an expansion of the distribution of the disease. Having been in the shadow of rinderpest virus for decades little is ...
Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan*, Gurrappa Naidu Govindaraj and Habibur Rahman
... Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, highly contagious, notifiable and economically important transboundary viral disease of sheep and goats. PPR is enzootic in India as more number of outbreaks have occurred in the past and now occurring regularly, round the year and most frequently during the lean period throughout the country. In some Indian states viz. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Chhattisgar h the PPR...
Moustafa Kardjadj1, Pam Dachung Luka2
... Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) causes an economically important plague of sheep and goats that serves as a major constraint in the development of the small ruminant’s production within an infected area. The virus is endemic across much of the developing world and has spread into the developed European borders. The small ruminants industry within an infected state or ...
Gurrappa Naidu Govindaraj, Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan*, Habibur Rahman
... Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease in small ruminants causing huge loss to farmers. In this study, an attempt has been made to estimate the economic losses based on the annual incidence, morbidity, mortality levels etc. derived from literature, discussion with experts, and based upon scientific facts. Different mathematical models were used to assess the losses due to mortality in y...
Ahmed Zein Mahmoud1, Muaz Abdellatif 2, 3*, Luai Shazali1
... of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus antibodies in sheep, goats and camels at Hail, Bagaa, Shenan and Ghazalah, Saudi Arabia. Serum samples (n=400), collected during 2012–2013 from sick and clinically healthy herds, were subjected to antibodies detection using c-ELISA. Out of examined animals, 83 (62.9%) goats and 70 (33.2%) sheep were detected positive against PPRV antibodies, whereas camels appeared to be seron...
Amitha Reena Gomes1, Belamaranahally Muniveerappa Veeregowda2, Sonnahallipura Munivenkatappa Byregowda1, Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan3*
... Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), a viral disease of goats and sheep caused by a morbillivirus of the family paramyxoviridae is a major threat to small ruminant farming. Global announcement of PPR eradication by 2030 has opened lot of research gaps for the development of vaccines and diagnostics for differentiating infected and vaccinated animals. With the advent of r...
Klara Fischer1*, Erika Chenais1,2, Emeli Torsson1, Jonas Johansson Wensman1
...te des Petits ruminants (PPR) is a potentially lethal, highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats. Domestic sheep and goats are important species for the livelihoods of poor people in many developing countries. Within societies where PPR is now spreading, poverty is widespread and the disease is expected to have significant negative impacts on livelihoods. In resource-constrained marginalised societies, it...
Keyvan Sharifmoradi1*, Nader Farahpour2
... in the study. A motion analysis system (Vicon Motion Analysis System) and two Kistler force plates were used to measure forces applied on the legs. Data were evaluated using independent t-test with significant point set at p< 0.05. There was no difference in cadence between left and right of normal subjects and those with PD. However, there was a significant decrease in walking speed and stride length in both side...
Mohammad Mushfiqur Rahman1, Rokshana Parvin1, Ataur Rahman Bhuiyan1, Mohammad Giasuddin2, Shah Md. Ziqrul Haq Chowdhury3, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam1, Emdadul Haque Chowdhury1*
... Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute and highly contagious viral disease of small ruminants. The disease is endemic in Bangladesh and causes considerable economic losses due to its high morbidity and mortality. The study was undertaken to detect and characterize the PPR virus (PPRV) circulating in Bangladesh. Twelve local isolates of Bangladeshi PPRV were successfully detected from post mortem samples (lymph ...
Muhammad Abubakar1*, Shumaila Manzoor2, Jonas Johansson Wensman3, Emeli Torsson3, Qurban Ali1 and Muhammad Munir4
...te des Petits ruminants (PPR), possibly caused by the introduction of new animals in the herd, was investigated in an unvaccinated mixed herd of sheep and goats. Goats in the herd showed characteristic signs of PPR including nasal and ocular discharges, high temperature, diarrhea and ulcerative lesions in the oral cavity. A total of eighteen goats from a herd of sixty, were affe...
Muhammad Jurial Baloch1*, Ghulam Murtaza Channa2, Wajid Ali Jatoi2, Abdul Wahid Baloch1, Imdad Hussain Rind1, Muhammad Ahmed Arain1 and Ayaz Ali Keerio1
...ojam, Pakistan. Genetic analysis of yield traits from half diallel crosses was carried-out. Mean squares due to GCA and SCA were significant for days to 75% maturity, tillers plant-1, spike length, spike density, grains spike-1, grain yield plant-1, seed index and harvest index. Significance of GCA and SCA variances suggested that both additive and non-additive genes were controlling these characters. The magnitude of SCA varia...
Muhammad Siddiq1* and Hamid Ullah Shah2
...nd Agriculture (NIFA) Tarnab Peshawar and The University of Agriculture Peshawar KP-Pakistan during 2015. Olive: palm oils treated in sole or admixture at various ratios were kept at different stress conditions for three months. Data was recorded on peroxide value (PV), free fatty acid (FFA), anisidine value (AV), iodine value (IV), color index (CI) and beta carotene (BC) value of the oils. The results showed considerable variations in all the studied paramete...
Ishfaq Ahmed, Ihsan Mabood Qazi and Suraiya Jamal
... compositions and functional properties. It was found that percent protein (8.93–12.25%), ash (0.52–1.01%) and moisture contents (4.47–7.09%) showed significant (P < 0.05) increase, while fat content (1.41-1.17%) showed significant (P < 0.05) decrease by blending WF with BRF. Similarly, water solubility index (WSI), water absorption index (WAI) and swelling power (SP) showed significant (P < 0.05) decrease as the concentration of whe...
Zar Muhammad and Mohammad Tariq Jan
... sole or in various combinations six weeks before sowing and then were incorporated to plots at sowing both the years. All treatments including control were either supplemented with half of the recommended dose (75 kg N ha-1) of Urea-N or no Urea-N. Compost, its composition, mineral N and their interactions significantly affected maize yield and yield components over two years average data. Compost application produced more maize ears m-2 (13%), grains ear-1 (...
Muhammad Ishaq and Raziuddin
...es in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) during 2011-2013 to scrutinized potential lines, hybrids, and nature of gene action involved in the inheritance of maturity and plant architecture traits. Analyzed data revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for days to flowering, maturity, plant height, primary branches plant-1 and main raceme length. Ana
Mohammad Fayaz, Abbas-ullah Jan, Dawood Jan, Ghaffar Ali and Yousaf Hayat
...were inelastic with reasonable difference in magnitude across urban and rural households. Overall, the quality elasticity turned out to be positive with an estimated value of 0.0061 and 0.2375 for wheat & wheat flour and rice & rice flour, respectively. The estimation of quality elasticity based upon income quintiles revealed that the magnitude of quality elasticity increases for rice & rice flour (0.2019 to 0.2639) while decreases for wheat & ...
Shahab e Saqib, Mokbul Morshed Ahmad, Sanaullah Panezai, Hidayatullah, Khalid Khan Khattak
...ritized in agriculture finance policies of Pakistan. The main objectives of this study are to explore farmers’ access to different formal and informal credit sources, and to investigate their credit adequacy and the role of important socio-economic factors in access to credit. The data were collected from 87 farming households in Mardan Tehsil of Mardan District. Questionnaire was the main tool used to collect the data...
Aqila Shaheen
...and productivity. Determination of soil characteristics and nutrient status of eroded lands is pre-requisite for restoring their productivity. The objective of present study was to quantify the selected soil properties and nutrient status of eroded soils. The study was undertaken on eight soil series (Missa, Pirsabak, Guliana, Rajar, Balkassar, Rawalpindi, Chakwal and Satwal) in tehsil Gujar Khan of Rawalpindi district...
Farmanullah Khan, Samad Khan, Wiqar Ahmad and Imran Khan
...during 2007-08. The combination of nutrient sources tested were; control, NPK50 (50% NPK), NPK75 (75% NPK), NPK100 (100% NPK), FYM10 (10 t ha-1 FYM), NPK50+FYM10, NPK75+FYM10, NPK100+FYM10, FYM20 (20 t ha-1 FYM), NPK50+FYM20, NPK75+FYM20, NPK100+FYM20. Results revealed that NPK75FYM20` significantly (p<0.05) improved the yield. As regards soil properties, NPK20FYM20 reduced bulk density, increased WHC, saturation percentage, organic matter content, plant av...
Zahir Shah, Shakoor Ahamd, Mian Saeed Sarwar, Murad Ali Khan and Javid Ali
...l sign and physical examination; the area was incised under local anesthesia. After surgical procedure site was closed by applying mattress sutures. Adjunct therapy of broad-spectrum antibiotic was administered intramuscularly for five days as a post-operative measure. Catamnesis revealed that the healing was complete in 14 days with no recurrence and untoward consequences....
Zafar Khan, Asad Sultan, Rajwali Khan, Sarzamin Khan, Imranullah and Kamran Farid
...stify;"> The contamination of the food stuffs by toxic metals is a threat and their exposure for long time has detrimental effects on the health status of animals. Chicken eggs are one of the main sources of protein but if contaminated by toxic heavy metals will cause a harmful effect on human health. The concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn and Zn) present in poultry egg and meat were determined in the fol...
Inamullah Khan, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi, Rajwali Khan, Syed Muhammad Sohail, Ijaz Ahmad, Muhammad Shoaib and Asim Ijaz
...tion under the Biorisk Management framework and One Health perspective. A total of 410 and 202 blood samples were collected from cattle and humans respectively. Total 40 samples of subsistence farms and 30 nomadic herds were analysed. Forty eight farm workers, 40 farm owner 36 abattoirs workers, 15 veterinary assistants, 15 veterinarian and 40 butchers w...
Arif Khan, Abdur Rahman, Shoail Akhtar, Siraj Uddin, Zahid Ullah and Nazir Ahmad
...ani buffaloes beef were analyzed for various quality characteristics in relation to breed and age. A total of one hundred and eight beef samples from Longissimus dorsi muscle were collected from three age groups (i.e. group 1= 12-18 monts, 2 =18.1-36.0 months and 3= > 36 months) of Kundi and Nili Ravi breeds of buffalo. Samples were obtained from freshly preselected slaughtered buffaloes at local municipal abattoir Peshawar. The effect of breed and animal a...
Christopher U Orji1*, Ignatius O Onyeocha2, Steven S Shaida3, Peter M Dede4, Bitrus Yakubu5, Elijah E Ella6 and Pam D Luka5
...s were studied: Glossina palpalis palpalis and Glossina morsitans submorsitans using two mitochondrial DNA fragment primers- Cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) and Cytochrome b (CytB). Twelve samples of laboratory-reared population of each species were used for the study. Sequencing data were used to calculate haplotype, haplotype diversi...
Mukhtiar Ahmed, Jana Pickova, Taufiq Ahmad, Muhammad Liaquat, Abid Farid, Muhammad Jahangir
...rage, distribution and final preparation of foods. Lipid oxidation products are omnipresent in foods, although much variation exists in their kind and levels present. Although levels of these compounds are generally low, the problem of lipid oxidation severely compromises the quality of some food products and limits the shelf-life of others. Oxidative changes can cause rancidity such as off flavours, loss of colour, altered nutrient value, and may produce toxi...
Abdul Qahar and Bashir Ahmad
...for efficient nutrient management and has considerable role in enhancing crop yield. To study the effect of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) on maize hybrids, field experiments were laid out at the Agronomy Research Farm, the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan during 2013 and 2014, respectively. Nitrogen (0, 250, 300, 350 kg ha-1) and Sulfur (0, 20, 40, 60 kg ha-1) in main plots, whereas maize hybrids (R-3305, R-2210, R-2207) in subplots, were replicated ...
Neha Singh and Anjana Pandey
...s on live cells in their native conformation and it is possible to know the molecular profile of the cellular surface. Whole CELL SELEX is very useful in the field of diagnostics and targeted therapy and the aptamers generated can be utilized to differentiate cancerous cells from normal cells or even different types of cancerous cells, detect live pathogenic organisms, and to discover novel disease biomarkers to facilitate early detection of the disease and fo...
Jannatul Noor, Md. Ahaduzzaman, Mir Md. Afzal Hossain, Mohammad Alamgir Hossain, Sardar Abdur Rahim and Md. Samun Sarker
... The present cross sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of tick in goat’s population of three different areas (Kaptai, Kattoli and Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University) of Chittagong, Bangladesh. A total of 60 goats were examined for tick infestation in three places using random positive sampling technique. Among the breed, Black Bengal goats were highly affected (53.33%) followed by J...
John G. Bruno and Jeffery C. Sivils
... Western blot-like analyses using DNA aptamers raised against the surfaces of general nonpathogenic Escherichia coli (ATCC No. 8739) as well as alpha and gamma intimins and Shiga-like toxin 2 (SLT-2) B subunit verified that the aptamers bound proteins of the correct molecular weights for intact outer membrane proteins (OMPs), intimins and SLT-2. Some bands on the aptamer Western blots...
Koksal Karadas1, Muhammad Tariq2, Mohammad Masood Tariq3* and Ecevit Eyduran4
...f Turkey. For the determination process, the statistical predictive accuracy of GLM (General Linear Model), CART (Classification and Regression Tree), CHAID (Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detector), Exhaustive CHAID, and a ANN type MLP (Multilayer Perceptron) in the prediction of lactation milk yield in sheep was measured comparatively by model assessment criteria, such as R2, R2ADJUSTED, SDRATIO, CV(%), RMSE, RAE...
Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro, Qamaruddin Jogi, Mahmooda Buriro, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro, Ghulam Mustafa Laghari and Ali Nawaz Khaskheli
...ndly approach for weed management. A pot experiment to evaluate the allelopathic potential of leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (L.) against Convolvulus arvensis (L.) and Cyperus rotundus (L.) was undertaken during summer 2011. The study was conducted at Department of Agronomy, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan. The experiment was laid out in three replicated completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of control (untreated), eucalyp...
Ian von Hegner
...dictator and tyrant originally had a more positive meaning, those meanings have changed. However, the concept of the gods in the philosophical debate has avoided a similar redefinition in light of democracy, despite the fact, that it involves the same negation of modern fundamental rights. The basic democratic idea posits that all of its members have a full and equal status. If this status is generalized to be universally applicable, then it follows that human...
Muhammad Ibrahim, Jawaria Ali Khan, Muhammad Sarwar Khan, Wasim Shehzad, Muhammad Avais, Ali Husnain, Naimatullah Khan, Muhammad Kamran Ameen and Abdullah Iqbal
... and Vitamin E + Se combination in cows....
Yingbin Wang*, Ting Ye, Xiaogang Wang and Congyu Zhou
...dels (GAM) were used to analyze the relationships between the catch of Portunus trituberculatus in the northern East China Sea, and 6 main impact factors, which include the number of main catch vessel (NMV), power of main catch vessel (PMV), number of trawl vessel (NTV), power of trawl vessel (PTV), release number of larval crab (RELE), and sea surface temperature (SST). The results showed that the interpretation ratio (IR) ...
Amtul Jamil Sami1*, Madeeha Khalid1, Sara Iqbal1, Maira Afzal1 and A.R. Shakoori2
...at can be used for sustainable waste water treatment as a coagulant-flocculent due to its ability to coagulate various ionic substances such as metal ions as well as dyes. In the current study novel polymer composites were prepared using natural polymers chitosan and starch in molds. Structure of composites was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The physical parameters such as we...
Mian Shamas Murtaza1, Aysha Sameen1, Nuzhat Huma1 and Fatma Hussain2
...acceptability and functionality as the fat contributes the desirable flavour and texture. The addition of gums in low fat cheese softens the structure by the interference of the casein-casein interaction and cellulose particles that function similar to fat globules. The present study was aimed to assess the impact of hydrocolloid gums on functional, textural and sensory attributes of low fat Cheddar cheese. Buffalo milk was ...
Sayeda Sarah and Muhammad Ibrar
...ed and recorded. The dominant genus was Acaulospora which was followed by Glomus, Sclerocystis and Gigaspora. The average AMF spore density ranged from 56-260 spores/100g soil while root colonization ranged from 32-100%. Mycorrhizal enhancement regarding AMF spores density and root colonization ranked asRP0>RP1>RP2>RP3 in all hybrids i.e 0%>25%>50%>100%....
Hina Fatima, Muhammad Azeem Khan, Mahreen Zaid-Ullah, Abdul-Jabbar, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai
...cy and the productivity analysis of BT- Cotton varieties with those of the conventional non-BT-Cotton varieties. The population of this research covers the area of Rahim Yar Khan of Pakistan. Two hundred and fifteen farms were selected from each of the NonBT-cotton farms and BT-cotton farms. The Cobb- Douglas Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) has been employed to determine the...
Allah Wadhayo Gandahi, Khalilluah Panhwar, Rabail Gandahi, Muhammad Saleem Sarki and Mahmooda Buriro
...the effect of nutrient management on growth, yield characters and leaf reddening in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Cotton variety Haridost was studied under 4 NPK treatments (000 NPK kg ha-1, 120-0-0 kg N ha-1, 120-70-0 kg N ha-1, 120-70-40 kg NPK ha-1 and 5 secondary and micronutrient (Control, 50, 3, 4 and 1.5 kg ha-1 Mg, Fe, Zn and B, respectively) treatments. NPK @ 120-70-40 kg ha-1 resulted maximum plant height, number of green leaves plant-1, number of ...
Muhammad Khurshid, Muhammad Nafees, Inam-ur-Rahim and Wajid Rashid
...ern Pakistan are traditionally used by mobile pastoralists for livestock grazing during summer. Since the late 1980’s, these pastures have been used for off season vegetables cultivation which leads to change the traditional mobile pastoral system. This study was carried out in Naran valley in 2015, to understand the agriculture land use changes during the past three decades and its impacts on traditio
Hassan Tarik Atmaca
...b>| Peste des Petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious and economically devastating viral disease of small ruminants and camels, and thus is negatively affecting the livelihoods of poor people in many developing countries. Efforts are being made to advance our understandings on different aspects of molecular biology of the virus and to consolidate nationa
Shaoling Lin and Jiamiao Hu
... co-immunoprecipitation analyses. This interaction may serve as a link in the processes of HCMV capsidation and tegumentation. This study provides further evidences in the functions of tegument proteins in the assembly of HCMV virons....
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Rysanek
... efficient in reducing final population of northern root knot nematode M. hapla and giving vigour to the plants. In laboratory experiment, L. muscarium was the most effective against nematode eggs (95.6%) and second stage juveniles (J2) (95.8%) infection. In greenhouse experiment, similar trend was found. L. muscarium proved to be more effective against M. hapla whereas S. rugosoannulata and C. rosea showed better resu...
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Rysanek
... to compare biological management through nematophagous fungus Lecanicillium muscarium with chemical nematicides, Vydate, Basamid (G) and fertilizer, Calcium cyanamide through soil application to control sugar beet cyst nematodes Heterodera schachtii. Lecanicillium muscarium decreased nematode population significantly (P=0.05 and caused reductions in final numbers of cysts per 250 g of soi...
Felwa A. Thagfan1, Mohamed A. Dkhil1,2* and Saleh Al-Quraishy1
... goblet cells in the jejunal villi in the infected mice. Moreover, the expression of the goblet cell mucin gene, muc2 was upregulated after treatment with the root extract. Based on our results, it could be concluded that, S. persica root extracts acts as anticoccidial agent....
Wan-Long Zhu* and Gao Wenrong
...ical adjustments to seasonal variations of the environment, such as changes in body mass and energy metabolism, are important adaptive strategies for small mammals. Ambient cues, as temperature and photoperiod, play important roles in animals’ physiological adjustments. In order to determine the contributions of temperature and photoperiod to seasonal changes in body mass and thermogenesis in Apodemus chevrieri...
Usman Ijaz1, Muhammad Sajid Tahir2, Khalid Abdul Majeed3*, Shahid Iqbal4, Iffat Huma5, S. Firyal6, Ijaz Ahmed7, Shahid Chohan8 and Aamir Riaz Khan9
... investigate the evolutionary relationship of the Panthera pardus subspecies found in Pakistan by exploring the partial DNA sequences of mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Scat samples of 15 different known leopards were collected from Nathiagali, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. After amplification with specific oligos, t...
Sungil Kim1, Muhammad Riaz2, Amjad Farooq3 and Sungkwon Park4*
...omposition in loin were analyzed. No significant difference in growth performance and quality traits of pork loin between control and DDGS was observed. Fatty acid composition in pork belly, however, was significantly affected by DDGS treatment. Levels of palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and oleic acid (C18:1) which are positively associated with meat flavor, were greater (p<0.05) in DDGS compared to control group. Supplementation of DDGS increased (p<0.05) the ...
Paul I. Ankeli, Mashood A. Raji, Haruna M. Kazeem, Moses O. Odugbo, Nendir J. Umaru, Idowu O. Fagbamila, Livinus T. Ikpa, Obinna O. Nwankiti, Issa A. Muraina, Pam D. Luka and Nicholas D. Nwankpa
...des (Mmm) from the ear canal of apparently healthy cattle in Plateau State, Nigeria. One hundred and sixty six ear swab samples (n=166) were cultured from which eight (8) Mycoplasma species were isolated and characterized using conventional biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. Six (6) were observed to ferment glucose, reduce tetrazolium chloride and hydrolysed casein. They had no phosphatase a...
Muhammad Aslam
...ds to portray current scenario of agricultural productivity through yields and gaps of five major crops; wheat, cotton, rice, maize and sugarcane. The review discusses major constraints, identifies future prospects and makes policy recommendations for enhanced agricultural productivity in Pakistan. The review revealed that in Pakistan, on average current yield of wheat, cotton, rice, maize and sugarcane is 2.26, 1.87, 2.88, 1.77 and 48.06 tons per hectare, res...
Mazhir Nadeem Ishaq, Li Cui Xia, Rukhsana Rasheed, Zeeshan Ahmad, Muhammad Abdullah
... of Pakistan. The study analyzed the significance of milk marketing cooperatives by revealing and evaluating possible returns to smallholders in dairy sector. The hypothesis that milk marketing cooperatives are beneficial for milk producers was tested by surveying the cooperatives’ members. Econometric techniques to draw inferences include the application of t-test, binary Logistic model and Propensity Score Matching (...
Muhammad Mushtaq, Umer Sadique, Naila Chand, Iftikhar Ahmed, Said Sajjad Ali Shah, Ijaz Ahmad, Imran Ullah and Muqadar Shah
... blocking the arteries canal which increase the risk factors associated with heart attack. Atherosclerosis is also associated with development of diabetes, high blood pressure and kidney failure. Hypercholesterolemia is mainly caused by high fat diet, obesity and diabetes.Hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effect of water based infusion of Withania somnifera was investigated in broiler chicks. One hundred and twenty (120) day-old broiler’s chicks were alie
Safdar A. Wahocho, Tanveer F. Miano, Noor U.N. Memon and Niaz A. Wahocho
Tarun Kumar Sharma, John G. Bruno and William C. Cho
...we discuss the translational aspects of aptamers, current potential of aptamers and strategies to create the “bench-to-bedside” translation of aptamer technology....
Ghani Akbar, Muhammad Munir Ahmad, Muhammad Asif, Iqbal Hassan, Qurban Hussain3 and Greg Hamilton
... comparison with traditional intensive cultivated flat basin (FB) for evaluating impacts on soil, crop and water productivity. The results showed reduced bulk density by 7%, 6% and 5% and increased hydraulic conductivity by 90%, 106% and 72% for WB, MB and NB respectively, when compared with FB. The irrigation water saving was 36%, 40% on WB, 34%, 31% on MB and 7%, 8% on NB, for wheat and maize crops respectively, when compared with FB. The crop yields were hi...
Zuhao Huang1, Feiyun Tu2 and Dianhua Ke1*
...ridis vs M. leschenaulti based on Cyt b gene. Morphology, geographical distribution and genetic data suggest the elevation of M. v. americanus to a full species Rufous-crowned Bee-eater M. americanus, supporting the latest taxonomic arrangement by IUCN....
Laila M. Fadda1, Nouf M. Al-Rasheed1, Iman H. Hasan1, Hanaa M. Ali2,3*, Nawal M. Al-Rasheed1,4, Musaed Al-Fayez5, Aly M. Ahmed5, Nada Almutlaq1, Nehal Qasem1 and Reem Khalaf1
... either alone or in combination on liver injury induced by inflammation, oxidative stress in response to APAP toxicity in rats. Serum aminotransferases (ALT and AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total protein, total bilirubin, hepatic glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipid peroxides (LP) levels were estimated. Moreover these biochemical parameters were confirme...
Haidar Ali, Malik Muhammad Shafi and Himayatullah Khan
...lds (Owners, Owner-cum-tenants and tenants) was selected using random sampling technique and data were collected through a pre-tested interview schedule. This study is focused on two selected districts of Peshawar and Charsadda. Four villages were studied two each from the sampled districts. Analysis showed that owners (59.31 percent off-farm employment) were performing more off-farm jobs ...
Shagufta Jabeen1, Muhammad Saqlain Raja1, Sadia Saeed1, Muhammad Mobeen Zafar1, Rizwana Abdul Ghani1, Abid Mahmood1, Muhammad Fiaz2, Pakeeza Arzoo Shiaq1, Shahid Mahmood Baig3, S.M. Saqlan Naqvi1 and Ghazala Kaukab Raja1*
... a comprehensive questionnaire consisting of open and closed-ended questions. Data regarding key factors such as age and ethnicity, communal domain, education level, employment status and demographic factors (drug route, drug dose) have bearing upon heroin addiction was collected. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Early age of addiction onset, low literacy...
Abida Saleem, Sajida Parveen and Muhammad Jamal Khan
Iqra Mahmood1, Asif Nadeem1*, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Muhammad Muddassir Ali1, Maryam Javed1, Aisha Siddiqa1, Tanveer Hussain2 and Muhammad Tariq Pervez2
... variants, involved in innate immune responses is essential for the understanding of this inflammatory disease and to identify potential genetic markers for resistance to mastitis. This article presents a systematic integration of complex biological interactions of 226 mammary gland genes to uncover underlying regulatory networks. Data were collected from various databases after having an exhaustive literature study. Network, functiona...
Aqila Shaheen and Mehwish Matien
...n is essential for sustainable agriculture. Soil organic carbon of three land uses viz. forest land, grassland, and cultivated land were quantified. These land uses belonged to two soil groups having different soil type and climate. Selected soil groups were Inceptisols (site 1) and Mollisols (site 2). Soil samples were analyzed for bulk density (BD), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP),...
Zisha Liu1, Na Song1, Takashi Yanagimoto2, Zhiqiang Han3, Bonian Shui3 and Tianxiang Gao3*
...ngement and codon usage analyzed. Phylogenetic Bayesian and ML analyses were conducted, using a concatenated set of 12 protein-coding genes, and adding 16 other species of gobies (Gobiidae). The mitogenome sequences of O. lacepedii
Determination of Early Colonizer Urban Blowfly Species Using Small Bait Traps on a University Campus
Halide Nihal Açikgöz1*, Serdal Kenan Köse2 and Ali Açikgöz3
... [H’], Simpson Dominance [Sd], Simpson Diversity [S], Margalef Species Richness Indices, Pielou’s Evenness [EH], and Simpson Resiprocal Indices). Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy), Calliphora vomitoria (Linnaeus), Lucilia sericata (Meigen) and Lucilia richardsi (Collin) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) were identified. C. vicina was found in whol...
Metin Duru1*, Asuman Arslan Duru1, Köksal Karadaş2, Ecevit Eyduran3, Harun Cinli4 and Mohammad Masood Tariq5
...ent amounts on some external and internal egg characteristics of Hy-line white laying hens as a commercial type through two-way ANOVA, to estimate the Pearson correlation between pairs of egg external and internal characteristics and to predict each of egg internal characteristics from egg exter
Ai Ming Zhou1,2, Guang Wen Liang2, Ling Zeng2, Yong Yue Lu2 and Yi Juan Xu2*
...the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in the field. The results showed that fire ant invasion significantly suppressed honeydew exploitation by ghost ant. Fire ant suppression markedly increased the ghost ant foraging activity both on plants and the ground. Ant diversity in fire ant-infested plots was significantly reduced compared with in fire ant-free plots. Compared with in the no-ant plots, the colony growth rate of mealy...
Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar*
... new species, Oxyopes chenabensis new species, and Oxyopes bidentata new species are being reported from Punjab.
...
Haji Muhammad, Zafar Iqbal* and Saira Saleemi
...to determine the fish fauna of Indus River at Taunsa Barrage, situated in South Punjab Pakistan. The survey was conducted from September 2013 to August, 2014 at eight sampling sites to ascertain fish diversity and their distribution pattern. A total 2249 fish specimen were collected using a variety of fish nets and identifications of these fishes were made by using standard taxanomic keys on the basis of morphometric characters. Seventy species belonging to 43...
Zaheer Ahmad Qureshi and Khuram Nawaz Sadozai
...udy utilized cross sectional data of House Hold Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) collected by Pakistan Bureau of Statistics to obtain the income and expenditure level of sampled House Hold. The HIES data set of year 2011-12 for KP Province was comprised of the total of 1352 sampled House Hold. However, the sampled rural House Hold was 926. The statistical framework comprised of Lorenz curve and Gini Coefficient to gauge the income inequality in the study area...
Robina Karim and Dawood Jan
...fy;">This study aims at analyzing the status of implementation of WTO and its impact on Pakistan external trade (Imports + Exports). To achieve the stated purpose, study adopted methodology which required testing of hypothesis which states “Pakistan’s foreign trade is expected to be largely better off once WTO’s regime is fully implemented in Pakistan and rest of the world”. The statistical results sh...
Muhammad Zahid1, Muhammad Hamid Bashir1*, Bilal Saeed Khan1 and Muhammad Shahid2
...ystem. Among many pest management approaches, biological control is considered as the main strategy to address these issues including sucking pests. Different biocontrol agents are being used for the management of these sucking insect pests. Neoseiulus barkeri (Acari: Phytoseiidae) has been proved as an efficient acarine predator of sucking insect pests of different crops. This predator has also been reported from different ...
Atul Sharma, Aruna Chandra Singh, Gautam Bacher, Sunil Bhand
... of antimicrobial contamination, especially in food, dairy products, agriculture and environment, their regular monitoring is on prime interest. Aptamers are synthetic short sequences of single stranded (ss) oligonucleotides (ss-RNA or DNA), which are developed by an in-vitro selection process known as “Systemati...
Asma-ul-Husna1, Muhammad Sajjad Ansari2, Bushra Allah Rakha3, Rabea Ejaz1, Nemat Ullah1 and Shamim Akhter1*
...lls using artificial vagina at weekly intervals for a period of three weeks (three replicates). Qualifying semen ejaculates were diluted (50×106 motile spermatozoa ml-1) in tris citric acid extender with melatonin at 0 (control), 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mM. Diluted semen was cooled to 4°C for 2 h and equilibrated for 4 h at 4°C. Straws were then kept over liquid nitrogen vapours for 10 min and plunged in liquid nitrogen for storage. Thawing was perf...
Muhammad Imran*, Munir Ahmad, Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Farooq Nasir, Imran Bodlah, Muhammad Nasir and Umer Ayyaz Aslam Sheikh
..., cardboard and polycarbonate materials on three developmental stages i.e., colony initiation, development and maturation stages under controlled laboratory conditions. Queen oviposition rate was 1.4-fold higher in polycarbonate box compared to wooden and cardboard materials. Early start of egg-laying (first oviposition period) and earlier emergence of first worker were found in polycarbona
Ambreena Hafiz1, Tanzeela Riaz2 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1*
...ant populations of T. granairum collected from wheat godowns of Gujranwala, Okara and D.G khan has been studied in current investigation. The toxicological data generated from deltamethrin-resistant populations was compared with deltamethrin-susceptible population that has not been exposed to any insecticide since thirteen years. From analysis of metabolic profile, it was found that soluble proteins, glucose contents and fre...
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...important and often marginalized pest of sugar beet, cabbage, broccoli and radish, among other crops. It is a cyst-forming nematode that affects plant growth and yield. We report on studies aimed to evaluate the effects of five nematophagous fungi on the population dynamics of this pest in sugar beets in laboratory and greenhouse trials. The fungi chosen were Arthrobotrys oligospora, Dactylella oviparasitica, Clonostachys ro...
Syeda Farzana Bibi*, Lal Badshah and Siraj-ud-Din
...Poaceae was the most dominating family including 7 genera. Ecological characteristics like life form spectra indicated that Therophytes (53.33%) were the most dominating life form. Leaf size spectra showed that the most abundant leaf size was Microphyll (50%). This study not only gives information about the flora of motorway but can provide a baseline for future studies and plantation of this area. It is suggested that plant...
Muhammad Basit1, Shafqat Saeed2, Mushtaq Ahmad Saleem3, Rana Zulfiqar4
... in small numbers. Among natural enemies, ladybeetles and spiders were found to be the putative predators with maximum population of 3.9 and 3.5 individuals/plant, respectively. Further, correlation study indicated that syrphids and chrysoperla had a significant positive correlation with A. gossypii and T. orichalcea, respectively. Likewise, spiders and lady beetles had significant positive relationship with B. tabaci, N. inconspicuous and Empoasca spp. Furt...
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...termine the population dynamics of the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, and the nematophagous fungus, Lecanicillium muscarium, on tomato. The nematode population densities were measured by determining the number of galls and egg masses, juveniles and eggs per root system, and reproduction factor. Four initial populations (Pi) (500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 eggs) mixed with antagonistic fungal conidia levels (1×103, 1×104, 1×105, 1×...
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...he fertilizer calcium cyanamide in the control of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, through soil application under greenhouse conditions. A significant (P=0.05) reduction in the number of galls and egg masses, eggs and juveniles (J2), and the reproduction factor (Rf=Pf/Pi) was observed in the plants treated with L. muscarium compared to the control. However, all chemical nematicides were also effective in reducing the nematode infestation significantly (P...
Misbah Riaz1, Qaiser Mansoor2, Maleeha Akram1, Muhammad Ismail2, Parveen Akhtar3, Shakeel Mirza4, Mazhar Qayyum1, Afzaal Ahmed Naseem1, Faheem Tahir5 and Syed Shakeel Raza Rizvi1*
...-align: justify;">The signaling of G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) is a key regulator of secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), whereas GnRH is a crucial neurohormone regulating the secretion of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) at puberty. The deficiency in release or action of GnRH leads to hypogonadotropic hypogon...
Afzaal Ahmad Naseem1*, Maleeha Akram1, Sarwat Jahan2, Kiran Afshan2, Zubaria Iqbal1, Faheem Tahir3, Mazhar Qayyum1 and Syed Shakeel Raza Rizvi1
...The accelerated longitudinal bone growth at puberty or pubertal growth spurt has been ascribed to reciprocated physiological influences of both somatotropic and gonadal axes, manifested as higher secretion of growth hormone (GH) and testosterone (T). GH and T affect linear growth velocity (LGV) directly through stimulation of chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Furthermore, T promotes LGV through augmentation of GH secretion. Neve...
Adedeji A.J, Sati N.M, Pewan S.B, Ogbu K.I, Adole J.A, Lazarus D.D, Ijiwo S.J, Okpanachi A, Nwagbo I.O, Joannis, T.M and Abdu P.A
...rus (CAV) using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). IBDV antigen was detected by AGID while CAV by PCR. This confirms the diagnosis of concurrent infection of CIA and IBD in the affected flock. This is the first case report of a concurrent and natural field outbreak of CIA and IBD in a commercial poultry farm in Nigeria....
John Gachohi, Simon Karanja, Salome Wanyoike, Nduhiu Gitahi, Salome Bukachi, Kenneth Ngure
... and transmission determinants for urban Leptospirosis in developing countries. This study aims to source dynamic ecological and epidemiological field parameters to describe a slum household-based pathogenic Leptospira population dynamics simulation model. The model will be analyzed to assess the role of slum-based biotic (human and animal) and abiotic (...
Pan-pan Guo1, Wei Liu2, Yan Li2, Rui-yu Ma2, Wang Zaigui1*, Kai Zhan2*, Jun-ying Li2 and Sheng-nan Liu2
...ack chickens and 400 Huainan partridge chickens) of similar age and weight were evaluated in the present study. We extracted DNA from blood samples and analyzed polymorphisms of HTT gene as wells as possible association with egg production performances including age at first egg (AFE), laying rate (LR), egg production (EP), egg weight (EW), average egg w...
Characterization, Tissue-Specific and Developmental Stage Expression of Somatostatin in Coilia nasus
Siyu Yang1, Fukuan Du2 and Pao Xu1,2*
...apertail anchovy (Coilia nasus) is a rare and endangered species and also an important resource with high economic value. Somatostatin (SS) is a neuropeptide family which effects growth, development and metabolism. In this study, full-length of one type of SS cDNA from C. nasus was synthesized, cloned and sequenced. This SS cD
Taghreed A. Hafiz1, Murad A. Mubaraki1*, Mohamed A. Dkhil2,3 and Saleh Al-Quraishy2
...ts of the phytochemical analysis showed that the extract has high polyphenolic content while has relative low flavonoids contents. In the antiradical scavenging property test the extract showed at 64.1 μg/ml 50% DPPH radical scavenging activity and in the MTT assay the extract has relatively low cytotoxicity where the IC50 value of extract against Vero cells was 1078.69 µg/ml. Furthermore, the extract exhibited a considerable anti-HSV-1 and anti-HSV-2...
Ecevit Eyduran1, Daniel Zaborski2*, Abdul Waheed3, Senol Celik4, Koksal Karadas5 and Wilhelm Grzesiak2
... eyes, neck length, diagonal body length, belly sprung, shank circumference and rump height) predictors were utilized. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the actual and predicted BW (r) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) were used as goodness-of-fit criteria, among others. A 10-fold-cross validation was applied to train and test CART, CHAID and ANN and to estimate MR coefficients. The most significant BW predictors were sex, rump height, shank circumfe...
Ali Raza Awan*, Sehrish Firyal, Muhammad Tayyab, Lala Rukh, M. Zia ul Haq, Shagufta Saeed and Muhammad Wasim
... gene. The Phylogenetic analysis of the Cytb gene indicated that the Pakistani wild Rose ringed Parakeet was mono-phyletically claded with P. k. manillensis with a sequence similarity of 99.37%. Comparative analysis indicated 4 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) sites in the Pakistani wild Rose-ringed parakeet’s Cytb gene which tags the peculiarity to the Pakistani wild Rose-ringed parakeet. This is the first report...
Shakeel Ahmed* and Sarwat Jahan
...s important adiposity signals and play certain roles in various biological processes. Now their involvement in the regulation of hypothalamus pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis has also been established. In the present study, we investigated the role of peripheral administration of neuromedin S (NMS) on adipokines (adiponectin, leptin and resistin) secretion in 48-h fasting and normal fed adult male Rhesus monkeys. After NMS admin...
Süleyman Kök1*, Sertaç Atalay1, Hasan Semih Eken2 and Mustafa Savaşçi3
...is one of Turkey’s native cattle breeds. TGC was a popular race to breeding within Thrace and Western Anatolia, but unfortunately they are under the threat of extinction recently. The application of gene specific molecular markers in genotyping and genetic identification is of essential significance for preserving genetic diversity. The aim of this study was to reveal the genotype pr...
Tayiba Latif Gulraiz1, Arshad Javid1*, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2, Muhammad Shahbaz3, Irfan3 and Sharoon Daud4
...gn: justify;">Microbial analysis of Indian flying fox, Pteropus giganteus ejecta roosting at Jinnah and Lalazar Gardens, Lahore was carried out from January, through December, 2011 and a total of twelve fungal and twelve bacterial genera were isolated. Four fungal (Candida, Fusarium, Penicillium and Saccharomyces) and two bacterial genera (Klebsiella and Nocardia) were isolated from bolus only, three fungal (Cryptococcus, Hi...
Sania Subhan Qureshi, Mian Saeed Sarwar and Zahir Shah
...int of swelling on abdominal region, came to Veterinary Teaching Hospital, The University of Agriculture Peshawar. Physical examination was performed and it was diagnosed a case of muscle tumor (myoma). A skin incision was given to expose and to remove tumor mass from the surrounding tissues. Peritoneum, muscle and subcutaneous tissues were sutured with absorbable suture (vicryl; polyglact...
Wenmin Cheng1,2*, Weirong Pan1,2, Yubo Qing1, Yingchao Liu1, Xingqin Zha1,2, Yan Huang2, Jige Xin1,2, Hongjiang Wei1 and Yangzhi Zeng2
...efficiency of SCNT in Banna Mini-pig Inbred Line (BMI), we obtained the recombinant nucleoplasmin (Npm) by using a prokaryotic expression system and compared the difference on the developmental effects between exogenous Npm and its structural analog, polyglutamic acid (PGA). We chose the pMD18-T vector for Npm expression and transformed E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells to construct a prokaryotic e...
Muhammad Sohail1,*, Muhammad Naeem Khan1, Naureen Aziz Qureshi2 and Abdul Shakoor Chaudhry3
...water mussels (Anodonta anatina), a sentinel species in aquatic environment. Freshwater mussels were exposed to none (0µg L-1), low (120 µg L-1), medium (240 µg L-1) and high (360 µg L-1) levels of lead (Pb), chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu) alone and in combinations (Pb + Cr + Cu) for 15 days under laboratory conditions. Gill cells of mussels were used to determine th...
Jose M. Rojas, Noemi Sevilla and Veronica Martin
...t;">Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is the causal agent of a highly contagious disease that affects domestic and wild small ruminants, Peste des petits ruminants (PPR). Due to the important economical losses caused by this virus in Africa and Asia, the development of more effective, targeted and successful treatments for the disease are necessary. Like other Morbilliviruses, PPRV i...
Giselle R.R. Ayres* and Brandão P.E
...e genes....
Abdur Rahim1, Ghulam Abbas1, Muhammad Naeem2, Sara Ferrando3, Lorenzo Gallus3, Noor Khan4, Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman4, Abdul Ghaffar5 and Abdul Mateen6
...acuta), mullet (Liza carinata, L. subviridis), herring (Chirocentrus dorab), elongated sole (Solia elongate), black fin sea bream (Acanthopagrus berda), grunts (Pomadasys hasta), croaker (Otolithus ruber), silver sillago (Sillago sihama), sea perch (Lates calcarifer) and jaw fish (Johnius goma). In majority of processing units, traditional methods were applied causing quality problem. Fina...
Sabri Unal1, ASır Er2, Erol Akkuzu1* and Lubomir Salek3
...inella septempunctata Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and to evaluate its efficacy on Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Kastamonu, Turkey. Rearing of C. septempunctata was carried out at 21.3±4.00ºC and 78.8±9.44% relative humidity. The first, second, third and fourth larval instars of C. septempunctata consumed 20.3, 54.3, 108.2, and 232.7 M. rosea, respectively. The predation ef...
Mostafa A. Abdel-Maksoud1,2, Fathy A. Abdel-Ghaffar2, Azza El-Amir2, Gamal Badr3 and Saleh Al-Quraishy1*
...i infected group. Additionally, live P. chabaudi infection has resulted in histopathological changes and increased apoptotic cell death in splenic tissue of infected mice. Moreover, infection with live P. chabaudi was accompanied with an increase in NO, H2O2, and MDA levels in splenic tissue of lupus mice in comparison to either control or gamma irradiated P. chabaudi- infected group. Our data reveal that infection of lupus mice with live P. chabaudi has sever...
Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman1, Farzana Abbas1, Muhammad Ashraf1, Naeem Tariq Narejo2, Khalid Javed Iqbal3, Ghulam Abbas4* and Syedah Andleeb5
.../p>...
Tasnim Farasat*, Saima Sharif, Farkhanda Manzoor, Muneeza Zafar and Shagufta Naz
...ustify;">The cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 newly diagnosed diabetic patients to assess the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and to evaluate its relationship with potential risk factors of diabetes on their first visit to a local hospital. Among the newly diagnosed diabetic subjects 33% (n=66) were with retinopathy. Out of which 30% (n=18) were male and 70% (n=48) were female. High density lipoprotein (HDL), both systolic and diastolic blood pres...
Dallin D. Oaks and Cynthia L. Hallen
... the doctrine of the eternal progression of human beings, and the vital nature of covenants. As part of the discussion, the metaphor of restoration is identified as the overarching Mormon metaphor to which the others are subordinate....
Imed Ben Salem*, Aymen Ben Ibrahim, M’barek Chetoui and Said Nouira
...als with morphs-genetic analysis of eight species viz. Lemniscomys barbarus, L. bellieri, L. griselda, L. limulus, L. macculus, L. rosalia, L. striatus and L. zebra; which have practically similar external morphologies although they spread in completely different geographical areas. The approach adopted was to identify landmarks on the skulls of all specimens using the tpsDig software, and then ana
Faiqah Ramzan*1 and Muhammad Haris Ramzan2
...othalamic level of the gonadotropic axis. Citric acid is synthesized and secreted by the prostate gland. Its synthesis is regulated by androgens. As, dose dependent degeneration of prostate gland has been described following intraperitoneal kisspeptin treatment. However, effects of kisspeptin administration on the levels of prostatic citric acid remain elusive till date. The present study, therefore, addresses the effects of 12 day administration of kisspeptin...
Marryam Bakhtawar1, Qamar Saeed1* and Naeem Iqbal2
...imi) cotton mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis), grain moth eggs (Sitotroga cerealella) and honey. Results revealed complete development of all larval stages on all diets with maximum survival of lady bird beetle larvae on mustard aphid (76.6%) followed by on grain moth’s eggs (20%), immature mealybugs (6%) and the least survival on honey. These findings can lead to the discovery of new artificial diets for the C. undecimpunctata for the mass release in fi...
Abdul Sattar Baloch1*, Abdul Rasheed1,2, Rahmatullah Rind1, Jam Kashif Sahito1, Rehana Buriro1, Muhammad Faisal Ayoob1 and Parkash Dewani1
...alth due to its zoonotic nature. Our study involves the testing of 100 sera samples and 50 milk samples from camels of three districts of Sindh province of Pakistan. Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), serum agglutination test (SAT) and competitive-ELISA (c-ELISA) were used as screening tests, and overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was found to be as 21%, 21% and 13% by RBPT, SAT and c-ELISA tests, respectively. Seroprevalence...
Hira Akhter1, Bilal Aslam2*, Naveed Shahzad3, Tanzeela Farooq4, Muhammad Umer5 and Muhammad Hidayat Rasool2
...H9N2 by using Haemagglutination Inhibition assay. Calculated geometric mean titers of 5.37 revealed the infectivity of the flock with H9N2 Influenza virus. To investigate the presence of virus in the study population, trachea, lung and intestine tissue samples were processed for RNA isolation and subjected to molecular detection of H9 gene of H9N2 subtypes using one step Reverse Transcript...
Rashid Ahmed Khan* and Muhammed Naveed
... justify;">Bacterocera zonata (Saunder) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a major pest of fruits causing severe losses to the fruit production and quality in Pakistan. Its management has largely relied upon the indiscriminate and injudicious use of conventional insecticides resulting in problem of insecticide resistance, environmental pollution, fruit contami
Rongrong Li1, Kun Li2, Xiaoqiang Wang2, Houqiang Luo2, Gang Qiu2, Hui zhang2, Yanfang Lan2 and Jiakui Li2,3*
...ibetan pigs in Tibet, China. A total 454 serum samples were collected from Tibetan pigs in Nyingchi in 2014 and 2015. Each sample was assayed for T. gondii antibodies by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits and an indirect hemagglutination test. The results showed that seroprevalence in Tibetan pigs were 25.6% by ELISA. On gender basis, the prevalence was found 25.1% in males and 27.8% in females. By the metho...
Atta ur Rehman1, Sher Ali2 and Sajid Malik2*
... may suggest a disturbed nature of these populations. Further studies are needed to understand the nature of differentiation between these Pashtun populations....
Hussain Ahmad1, Inamullah1, Ijaz Ali2, Tauseef Ahmad3, Muhammad Tufail4, Kabir Ahmad5 and Bibi Nazia Murtaza3,6*
...by Standard Plate Agglutination Test (SPAT) and Serum Tube Agglutination Test (STAT) and later on confirmed by PCR. Disease was detected in 3.66% (11/300) individuals by SPAT and 2% (6/300) by STAT and confirmed in 2.66 % (8/300) by PCR. The prevalence of disease in females was found to be higher as compared to males (in current studied group). The age group 31-40 years, was found to be more susceptible for this infection.<...
Muhammad Raheel1,*, Nazir Javed2, Sajid Aleem Khan2, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif3 and Sohail Ahmed4
...eproductive potential of native and exotic species of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) was checked on Galleria mellonella larvae. The native species included Steinernema asiaticum and Heterorhabditis indica whereas exotic species were S. feltiae and H. bacteriophora. G. mellonella larvae were exposed to 300 IJs of each species. After inoculation at different temperatures, the reproductive potential of EPNs increased with in...
John G. Bruno
...e affinities and discriminatory ability for distinguishing between each of the STEC serovars. The most specific biotinylated aptamers from the ELASA screening were then attached to streptavidin-coated magnetic beads (SAv-MBs) and used to capture their cognate and related E. coli serovars. Capture was assessed by fluorescence microplate assessment following acridine orange staining. While there was significant cross-reactivit...
Dein Simon
...groups. In this paper I analyse new atheism in terms of fundamentalist characteristics discussed by the Fundamentalism Project: Reactivity, dualism, absolutism and inerrancy, apocalypticism. Additionally both underscore the role of evidentialism. From my analysis of these characteristics I conclude that the movement is fundamentalist...
Ahmed Samy, Wesam Mady, Naglaa M. Haggag, Samah H. Mohamed, Ebtissam N. AlShamy, M.K. Hassan
...fferent strains on the innate immune response. In the present study, using quantitative real-time PCR, cytokines gene expression were examined in response to infection with two strains of Egyptian H9N2 (namely V3 and RSF/1) in chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Hemagglutinin gene sequence analysis of the two strains reveal high similarity with difference close to cleavage s...
Muhammad Shafiq and Tahir Maqsood
...ion. Regarding chemical analysis concentration of boron in both wheat straw and grains increased with B application but there was no effect of fertilizer B on NPK concentration of straw and grains. These results are very heartening; signifying that for any soil, B adsorption isotherm need to be worked out for location precise fertilizer B use....
Oladipo Elijah Kolawole, Oloke Julius Kola and Awoyelu Hilda Elukunbi
...eral distinct and additional EBV-associated diseases may occur and some forms of malignancies. This study was designed to determine the incidence of EBV in Human immune-deficient virus (HIV)-infected individuals in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Two hundred and seventy eight HIV-infected individuals were screened for EBV antibodies over a period of four months (August to November, 2014). The sera of individuals were subjected...
KM Fakhrul-Islam, Mohammad Shah Jalal, Sonnet Poddr, Md Nurul Quader, Md Sahidur-Rahman, Avijit Dutta and Shuvo Mazumder
.... In this study proportionate prevalence of FMD in cattle was estimated and the distribution of FMD according to different factors was evaluated. Both retrospective and prospective FMD clinical cases were included considering clinical signs and drugs used for treatment during 13 January to 15 March 2015. A total of 131 cattle was investigated and 16.8% cattle cattle were recorded as FMD. The proportionate prevalence of FMD i...
Sezgi Arman* and Sema Isisag Ucuncu
...mid and posterior intestinal segments were also treated with different staining methods of alcian blue (AB) at pH 2.5, aldehyde fuchsin (AF), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), KOH/PAS and PAS/AB (pH 2.5) and investigated. Goblet cells of anterior intestine were colored strongly by AB (pH 2.5), AF and PAS; and moderately by PAS/AB (pH 2.5) (AB dominant). In the mid part of the gastrointestinal tr...
Sezgi Arman* and Sema Isisag Ucuncu
...mid and posterior intestinal segments were also treated with different staining methods of alcian blue (AB) at pH 2.5, aldehyde fuchsin (AF), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), KOH/PAS and PAS/AB (pH 2.5) and investigated. Goblet cells of anterior intestine were colored strongly by AB (pH 2.5), AF and PAS; and moderately by PAS/AB (pH 2.5) (AB dominant). In the mid part of the gastrointestinal tr...
Noor Us Saher1, Zunaira Amanat2, M. Asif Gondal3 and Naureen Aziz Qureshi4,*
... planipes and Ashtoret lunaris were collected as a part of by catch of gillnet deployed for shrimps from April 2005 to March 2007 in Sonmiani Bay waters (Miani Hor lagoon). M. planipes was found abundantly in Sep. 2005, Nov. - Dec. 2005 and Dec. 2006 (93.3%, 94.7%, 92.3% and 87 % respectively). A. lunaris was found in abundance during May 2005 (85.7%) and Aug. 2005 (81.8%). Male specimens of both species (M. planipes: χ2...
Ibrar Khan1,2,3,*, Sadia Qayyum2, Shehzad Ahmed2, Kashif Syed Haleem2, Mujaddad-ur-Rehman1, Guang-Lei Liu3 and Zhen-Ming Chi3
...t amount of flora and fauna. The Penicillium species belongs to one of the most common and economically significant group of marine micro-fungi family. The study comprised isolation, microscopic observations and ribotyping, allowed discrimination of the marine fungal isolates as Penicillium viticola F1, Penicillium restrictum F2, Penicillium rubens F8, Penicillium implicatum F10, Penicillium piceum F11, Penicillium oxalicum ...
Nighat Sultana1,2,*, Shazia Iftikhar1, Nafeesa Qudsia Hanif2 and Iffat Tahira2
...igatus were the most dominant followed by A. terrus and A. ochraceous in fresh and ensiled maize fodder. Total fungal counts ranged from 1×103 to 4×103cfu/ml for all species in both fresh and ensiled maize fodder. Total aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2) and ochratoxin A (OTA) analysis showed that AFB1was present with high frequency in fresh (37.5%) and ensiled (41.66%) fodder, with an average concentration o...
Abdul Aziz Khan1,*, Waseem Ahmad Khan2, Waseem Ahmad Khan3 and Najam-ul-Huda Khan4
Wang Tian1, Huayong Zhang1,*, Jian Zhang2, Lei Zhao1, Mingsheng Miao3 and Hai Huang1
...xt-align: justify;">Seasonal variations of zooplankton community structure and their relationships with both environmental factors and phytoplankton biomass are investigated in Lake Nansihu. A total of 76 zooplankton species were identified in the lake, including 17 protozoa, 36 rotifera, 12 cladocera and 11 copepods species, respectively. Zooplankton species richness changed slightly in the four seasons but varied a lot in different positions. Protozoa was ab...
Jixue Hou1,2, Xueling Chen3, Jing Wang4, Hongwei Zhang2, Yu Xi2, Jie Xia2, Xinyu Peng2,* and Xiangwei Wu2,5*
...er percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) as well as translational approaches. In this Experiment, we established a unique murine model of femoral artery injury through a home-made wire. The mouse model of vascular injury may be used to explore the molecular mechanism of post-angioplasty restenosis with lowest costing....
Xiangxing Zhu1, Junyu Nie1, Shouneng Quan1,2, Huiyan Xu1, Xiaogan Yang1, Yangqing Lu1, Kehuan Lu1 and Shengsheng Lu1*
...ilarities in body size, anatomy, life span, CNS structure and neurobiology. Previously, via the somatic cell nuclear transfer technique, we successfully generated transgenic Guangxi Bama mini-pigs carrying a fluorescent protein (DsRed) reporter gene regulated by the 2.2-kb human glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter (hGFAP-DsRed). This study characterized transgene expression in such transgenic Guangxi Bama mini-pigs and their offspring. Our findings indica...
Abdul Baset1, Qun Liu1,*, Muhammad Tariq Hanif1, 2, Baochao Liao1, Aamir Mahmood Memon1,3 and Muhammad Mohsin1
...ch and effort data were analyzed to estimate the Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) of Indian oil sardine, Sardinella longiceps (Valenciennes, 1847, Family: Clupeidae), fishery resources from Pakistani waters. The catch and effort data (1994 – 2009) were analyzed by CEDA (catch and effort data analysis) consists of Fox, Schaefer and Pella Tomlinson mo...
Aiza Tahir, Muhammad Asif, Zaigham Abbas and Shafiq ur Rehman*
...d us to explore the alternate option to control mastitis. In ongoing era, bacteriophages are an alternate possible effective remedy. Therefore, in this study the infection ability of three lytic phages SA, SANF and SA2 was determined against ten isolates of Staphylococci and one Micrococcus, isolated from five raw milk samples. Their morphological, biochemical characterization and 16S rR
Fukuan Du1,2, Yan Li2, Zhixin Wen1, Ruguo Chen1 and Pao Xu2*
...ortant crustaceans in China. However, the production scale does not meet the market demand. This resulted in excessive fishing, which almost caused extinction of the species in the the Yangtze River. Therefore, it is very urgent to carry out genetic breeding to improve yield. In this study, we developed SSR markers by transcriptome, which could be used to genetic research. In this study, we performed transcriptome sequencing of six libraries from hepatopancrea...
Oluwasogo David Olorunfemi, Oluwasegun Adetokunbo Adekunle, Felix Olayinka Oladipo, Temitope Oluwaseun Oladele and Oladimeji Idowu Oladele
...her (82.5%). Chi-square analysis revealed a significant relationship between the respondents’ training needs on value addition initiatives and their age, educational level, years of experience and fish farm income. The value addition initiatives use profile of the fish farmers was still very low among the respondents and training was highly needed on value addition initiatives in seven major areas. It was recommended t...
Bahattin Cak1, Orhan Yilmaz1, Siddik Keskin2, Tahir Bayril3 and Mohammad Masood Tariq4*
Shazia Irfan1*, Asima Rani1, Muhammad Arshad2 and Razia Bashir1
... The serum samples were analyzed for determination of metals and minerals through Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA 6600 Shimadzu). The statistical analysis indicated that non-significant association existed between SOD1 (rs2070424) gene polymorphism and RA (p>0.05). Results of HWE estimation indicate that allele frequencies were not deviant from HWE in RA group. The results of pr...
Iram Liaqat1*, Najma Arshad2, Muhammad Arshad3, Safdar Ali Mirza4, Nazish Mazhar Ali1 and Ammara Shoukat1
...stify;">Microbial contamination and biofilm formation in food industries pose a threat to human health worldwide. With the increased use of antibiotics in food industry, the problem of bacterial resistance is emerging, hence leading to serious health issues. Among 24 strains isolated from Shaukat Banaspati Ghee industry (Grw) and Shezan foods (pvt) Ltd, Lahore, Pakistan food industry, 10 highly antibiotic resistant strains w...
Bin Wang, Bo Zhang, Nan Yang, Liang Dou and Jianghong Ran*
...is endemic to western China and is known to cooperatively breed in a population habituated to supplemental feeding by humans. The social structure and demography of this species, however, have not been examined in natural populations. To determine if cooperative breeding occurs in populations unassociated with humans, we surveyed two natural populations ...
Sidra-Tul-Muntaha1, Muhammad Sagheer1*, Mansoor-ul-Hasan1 and Shahbaz Talib Sahi2
...yosma and Zingiber officinale) and three synthetic pyrethroids (bifenthrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin) on three geographical populations of Callosobruchus chinensis collected during 2013 from Faisalabad, Multan and Nankana districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Three concentrations of each plant extract (5, 10, 15 and 20%) and synthetic pyrethroids (0.01, 0.02 and 0.03%) were evaluated in this study. We observed significant resu...
Muhammad Saeed* and Iftikhar Hussain Khalil
...>Six advance wheat lines namely B4N11, B6N5, B6N12, BRF1, BRF3 and BRF17 and four wheat cultivars namely Zam-04 (ZM04), Kohat-10 (KT10), Pirsabak-08 (PS08) and Janbaz (JZ) were crossed in line × tester mating to develop 24 F1 hybrids. The resultant hybrids along with parents were evaluated during cropping season 2012-13 at Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak, Nowshera, Pakistan under rainfed environment, u...
Aziz-ul-Rahman, Farooq Yousaf, Naveed Anwar and Muhammad Abubakar
...t;">Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) causes an economically important disease of small ruminants that causes extensive livestock losses across areas where it is endemic. A serological survey on the prevalence of antibodies to PPRV was carried out in sheep and goats of Jatoi and surrounding areas in Muzaffargarh districts South Punjab of Pakistan. A total of 965 serum samples were collected from sheep and goat’s ...
Ahmed Zein Mahmoud, Muaz Abdellatif and Ahmed Abdalla
...t;">Peste des petits ruminant’s virus (PPRV) causes a highly contagious disease in both domestic, wild ruminants and camels. Sera from non-vaccinated sheep (n=683), goats (n=624) and camels (n=155) of all ages and sexes were collected in a cross-sectional study in Hail, Bagaa, Shenan and Ghazalah. Saudi Arabia. T...
Salma Shaheen, Mumtaz Khan, Muhammad Jamil Khan, Saleem Jilani, Zarina Bibi, Muhammad Munir and Mehwish Kiran
...tilizers on enhancing spinach yield is scarce. A pot experiment was conducted at Gomal University D.I. Khan, Pakistan, during 2009-10 to study the changes in soil fertility and spinach growth after the application of EM with organic wastes and chemical fertilizers. The six treatments were; control (T0), 10 tons (t) ha-1 farm yard manure (FYM) (T1), 20 t ha-1 pressmud (T2), 0.7 t ha-1 compost (T3), 5 t ha-1 poultry manure (T4...
Neelum Andaleeb and Munir Khan
... well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the female respondents through face to face interview. Cobb-Douglas production function and cost benefit analysis were used to arrive at the main conclusion. Results show that feed cost was the major component of total cost followed by labor cost. Average milk produced by buffalo and cow was 180 and 135 liters per month, respectively. Average total costs of milk pr...
Qamar Ali, Muhammad Ashfaq and Muhammad Tariq Iqbal Khan
Fida Mohammad, O.S. Abdalla, Sheraz Ahmed, Fakharuddin and S. Rajaram
... research venues of International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Syria. The experimental material comprised of forty synthetic derived wheat lines along with eight check cultivars was planted in alpha lattice design with three replications. Genotypes exhibited significant (p≤0.01) variations for all the studied traits excluding biomass. Genotype by environment interactions (GEI) were significa...
Nusrat Habib, Safeena Inam and Abdul Hayee Qureshi
...he family, total operational holding, last year yield of sunflower, access to extension services and share of non-agricultural income. By increasing 1 percent in these parameters will increase the probability for adoption of sunflower. Keeping in view the importance of this crop it is suggested to provide market structure for sunflower growers near to their field areas and Research efforts should be made to overcome the problems faced by sunflower growers....
Amjad Ali and Abbas Ullah Jan
...ch, based on cross sectional data, was carried out in three districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, i.e district Mardan, Charsadda and Dera Ismail Khan. Randomly a sample size of 303 sugarcane growers was formally interviewed for crop season 2014-15 through a pretested questioners prepared on the bases of objectives of the study. Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA) was employed for data analysis using computer software STATA. Result...
Mariano Gastón Asla
...Kant or Michael Ruse, to name just a few examples, have used this kind of fictions to analyze and defend very different arguments. Currently, this interest has not diminished. On the contrary, it has spread to other disciplines, including the natural sciences. In fact, this interest does not entail just an expansive theoretical movement, but also the development of a practical dimension, i...
Muhammad Jamal Nasir, Anwar Saeed Khan, Said Alam and Saeed Akhtar
...i, and was geospatially analyzed in ARC GIS 10.1. Geographic information system (GIS) is a computer-based set of procedures used to store and analyze geographically-referenced data. Primary data about crop yield and per acre production, new seed and crop varieties etc. was collected with the help of a questionnaire survey. A total of 50 household were surveyed which make 45 percent of the ...
Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed and Dilnawaz Ahmed Gardezi
...n, phenotypic diversity analysis and their flowering behavior sugarcane under local conditions. Two year data revealed that genotype HSF-242 showed maximum mean values for, internodes length, brix percentage and reducing sugar while S-08-FSD-19 showed maximum values for number of tillers and stem girth, whereas S-05-FSD-307 revealed maximum values for plant height and number of nodes. Analysis of variance revealed highly sig...
Muhammad Aslam Shahid, Muhammad Iqbal and Muhammad Niamatullah
... mangos. Artificial pollination is a one of most important cultural practice for improving yield of Date palm due to diocious nature of palm tree. Pollen sources play important role in fruit setting .The growers pollinate the date by using low potency pollen source and get low yield. Present studies were conducted with the aim to explore best pollen sources for maximum fruit set and yield....
Hina Fatima, Lal Almas and Bushra Yasmin
...red the cost efficiency analysis of cotton-melon cropping system under tunnels. The data were collected from 150 farmers; those were cultivating cotton-melon crops in combination under tunnels. The study area was Punjab, Pakistan. The stochastic cost frontier analysis was used to estimate the allocative efficiency of cotton-melon cropping systems efficiency. The result illustrates that non...
Naushad Khan1*, Shahnaz Akhtar1, Munir Khan1, Shaista Naz2, Javeria Tanveer1 and Muhammad Kaleem3
... t-test and correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. It was found, that ZTBL credit program has overall a positive effect on maize productivity in the study area. Majority of the credit beneficiaries were small scale farmers who obtained medium term credit followed by short term credit type. Thus, higher amount of credit was disbursed under the category of medium term followed by short term. The average yield, cos...
Sana Irshad Khan1*, Zafar Iqbal2, Hamid Ullah Shah2 and Shaukat Hussain3
...pecies for antimicrobial natural products. During this study five different fungi, including Alternaria alternata, Acremonium sp., Alternaria brassicicola, Pythium sp. and Aspergillus flavus were screened against Wilt causing pathogens using the dual culture assay. Among them, Aspergillus flavus was found active fungus against the selected vascular Wilt ...
Zamarud Shah, Safdar Hussain Shah, Asad Jan and Gul Shad Ali
...plants. Tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) was transformed with heat shock transcription factor HsfA1d by transfecting leaf discs with Agrobacterium strain GV3101 carrying CaMV35S-YFP::HsfA1d construct. After PCR and confocal-based confirmation, HsfA1d overexpression lines (OX1, OX2 and OX3) were evaluated for their response to heat stress. Overexpression lines on average showed 33.26% less electrolyte leakage after induction ...
Zeeshan Haider, Inayatullah Jan and Waqar Akram
...lected from two villages namely Shilozan and Pewar in Kuram Agency in the northwest of Pakistan. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired t-test. The results of the paired t-test reveal that farmers observed a significant difference in the overall income and income from tomato crop after the conflict as shown by larger t-values of 6.17 with (p<0.01) and 10.91 with (p<0.01) respectively. It was mainly ...
Ibni Amin Khalil* and Raziuddin
...ed to combining ability analysis. For the inheritance of the studied trait (seed yield plant-1), additive as well as non-additive genetic mechanisms were found important due to significant effects for both components i.e. General Combining Ability (GCA) and Specific Combining Ability (SCA) effects. Maximum GCA was shown by L-7 and T-1; whereas high SCA was noted for L-6 and L-7 with good ability to combine with T-3 and T-1 respectively, and could be utilized a...
Muhammad Afzal1 and Murad Khan2*
...tify;">To make economic analysis of broiler poultry farms, a survey research was carried out in district Lower Dir in 2015. Four tehsils were selected namely Adinzai, Balambat, Timergara and Sumerbagh on the basis of purposive sampling technique. From these tehsils, 92 farms were selected randomly from 460 poultry farms. The sample farms were categorized into three groups i.e. small, medium and large. For a
Yusuf Koc1, Ecevit Eyduran1* and Omer Akbulut2
...thods for different combinations of parent node: child node in the data set regarding animal science. To achieve the aim, 1884 Mengali lambs were provided for predicting weaning weight from sex (male and female), birth type (single and twin), birth year (2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009), farm (Research station, Mastung, Quetta, and Noshki), birth weight, dam age, and dam weight. To choice the best regression tree method, goodness of fit criteria such as coeffi...
Eman Mahmoud El-Diasty1,Madeha Abd El-Halim Ibrahim2 and Ghada Kamal El Khalafawy2,*
...d worker (hand swabs and nail scrapings). Phenotype-based methods for identifying yeast especially Candida species are often difficult, time-consuming and not enough to identify most yeast species. . Molecular biological techniques provide a useful alternative approach. Concerning with genotypic identification, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was applied for identification of Can...
S. Bushra1,*, M. Tariq1, M. Naeem1, M. Ashfaq1, I. Bodlah1 and M. Ali2
...id pests, Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiphum padi and parasitoid was released. The data regarding emergence, parasitism, sex ratio, tibia length, adult weight and adult longevity of parasitoid D. rapae after the application of treatments was studied and analyzed statistically. The study revealed that plant extract can be toxic to paprasitoid D. rapae. This study will help us to use those insecticid...
Muhammad Arshad1*, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan2*, Faisal Hafeez3, Ravaid Sherazi1 and Naeem Iqbal4
...ferent aphid species (spinach aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli; coriander aphid, Hyadaphis coriandri (Das); cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L.;pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) was evaluated in the laboratory in no choice and free choice feeding assays. In the no choice feeding assay, the stages of beetle (adults, 3rd and 4th instar) consumed more aphids than early stages (1st and 2nd ...
Önder Duysak*andKübra Azdural
...ur study focused on seasonal variation of some heavy metals and aluminium in Patella caerulea L., 1758 tissues collected from eight different sampling stations of Iskenderun Bay. The concentration of heavy metal in P. caerulea tissues tended to vary significantly between season and stations.The distribution of heavy metals in P. caerulea followed in their muscular tissues in order; Çevlik > Kaleköy> Payas > Arsuz > ...
Waheed Anwar*, Muhammad S. Haider, Ahmad A. Shahid, Hamid Mushtaq, Usman Hameed, Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman and Muhammad Javed Iqbal
... Fusarium incarnatum and Fusarium sp. along with other fungi were isolated and characterized morphologically as well as genetically by amplifying internal transcribed spacer region (ITS). Variability among Fusarium species based on ITS showed that it is not enough to score diversity within species and isolates. Additionally pathogenicity of isolated Fusarium<...
Abdur Rahim1, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Muhammad Naeem2, Sara Ferrando3, Lorenzo Gallus3, Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman4, Abdul Ghaffar5 and Abdul Mateen6
...g) were collected from Sonari Channel, Hawksbay, Karachi and were brought to aquaculture laboratory of the Centre for 15 days acclimatization. After acclimatization, they were randomly distributed into the rectangular tanks (3 × 1.5 ×1.5 ft each). In each tank, 10 fish were stocked with three replications for each treatment. Four isonitrogenous diets containing different oils i.e., fish oil (FO), soybean oil (SO), olive oil (OO) and palm oil...
Effect of Supplemented Algal Carotenoid Diets on Skin Color of Tomato Clownfish, Amphiprion frenatus
Muge Aliye Hekimoglu*, Kgrşat Fırat, Şahin Saka, Cüney Suzer, Aysun Kop and Yaşar Durmaz
...n: justify;">This study analyzes the effect of Nannochloropsis oculata and Porphyridium cruentum as natural pigment sources on skin color of tomato clownfish, Amphiprion frenatus. Two groups, each of 6 fish were fed on feed containing (69.8±9.158 mg.g-1) N. oculata (Group A), and 67.21±7.068 mg.g-1 of P. cruentum (Group...
Blood Selenium and Vitamin E Levels in Heifers: Regional and Seasonal Differences in Northern Cyprus
Serkan Sayiner1* and Hilal Karagul2
...e feed or roughage were analysed. It was found that there are significant seasonal differences for each region and regional differences in each season were due to different feeding conditions. Heifer blood selenium and plasma vitamin E levels were generally found within adequate ranges in all regions for both seasons. We suggest that feed supplements containing selenium should be added for...
Irshad Ahmad
...e cycle of the pest, the nature and extent of damage done to walnut, and the preventive measures applied under integrated pest management program (IPM) and includes the cautious use of chemical insecticides, mechanical means, cultural and biological control methods for the substantial control of walnut borer. The present study offers valuable information through IPM, which appears to be a promising approach for the control o...
Lingtong Ye1, Chao Cao1,2, Bin Tang1,2, Tuo Yao1, Ruixuan Wang1 and Jiangyong Wang1*
...resent study for future unambiguous identification using an integrative taxonomic approach that combines morphology and molecular analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene. Adult P. websteri exhibit a high degree of morphological plasticity in the palp pigmentation pattern, the shape of the anterior edge of the prostomium, the shape of the major spines on chaetiger 5, and the shape of the...
Muhammad Mohsin Javed*, Muhammad Azhar Nisar, Bushra Muneer and Muhammad Usman Ahmad
...he power production was analyzed for three days. Maximum power density of 88990mW/m2 with a current density of 314.4mA/m2 was observed on the second day of process with minimum internal resistance comparatively i.e. 123.23Ω. The higher power density shows efficiency of this U-shaped design compare to other dual chamber MFCs.
...
Hafiz Aftab Ahmed1, Asif Ali2, Akbar Ali2, Salman Ahmed Abid3 and Sajid Umar4*
...nsion. The animals were unable to flex the limb during walk. Diagnosis was based on case history, clinical sign and clinical examination. Upward fixation of patella was diagnosed in all three animals. After careful palpation of the ligament, medial patellar desmotomy was performed in lateral recumbence, under local anesthesia achieved by 2% lignocaine hydrochloride. The skin was apposed with simple interrupted sutures using ...
Guang-Xin E1, Yong-Ju Zhao1, Zhong-Yuan Zhang1, Yan-Guo Han1, Wei-Wei Ni1, Ming-Xing Chu2, Yue-Hui Ma2, Jian-Ning He3, Huai-Zhi Jiang4, Jia-Hua Zhang1, Zhong-Quan Zhao1, Yan Zeng1, Ri-Su Na1, Gao-Fu Wang5, Hang-Xing Ren5 and Yong-Fu Huang1*
...ro-ecological zone and management history. This indicated that the frequency of those five microsatellites did not increase during the reproduction of those six breeds. Therefore, these five fecundity related microsatellites are not appropriate biomarkers for goat breeding.
...
Mahanama De Zoysa1, Si-yun Ryu1, Hyeon-cheol Kim2 and Bae Keun Park1*
...an was isolated from the naturally infested goldfish (Carassius auratus) purchased from commercial aquarium in Korea. Based on the morphological comparison with all Argulus species, isolated fish lice was identified as Argulus japonicus Thiele, 1899. A. japonicus is native to Asia, which also is a habitat for its typical hosts, such as goldfish and common koi carp (Cyprinus carpio). A. j...
Rashid Mahmood1*, Saima Asad2, Ghulam Sarwar1, Waqar Ahmad1, Ziyad Abdul Qadir1, Ammara Balouch1 and Muhammad Khalid Rafique1
...ary - March 2015 at National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad. Twenty five honeybee colonies were used which had similar number of worker bees, brood and stored food. In order to study the foraging activity of honeybees in the field condition, the number of pollen foragers returning to the hive entrance was recorded for 10 min duration on hourly basis between 0800 h to 1600 h for 3 days per week. The data was collected at 0800–1000 hours (early mo...
Kiran Afshan1*, Sarwat Jahan1 and Mazhar Qayyum2
...sis in sera of small ruminants. The result of current study indicated diagnostic accuracy of test 95.6%, while sensitivity and specificity of this assay for small ruminants was 97.83% (95% CI: 92.35% to 99.67%) and 93.75% (95% CI: 87.54% to 97.44%) respectively. In field this test indicated significant (p<0.05) values for sheep as compared to goat indicating high risk of infection in sheep. The current study showed that c...
Farkhanda Manzoor1, Iram Amin2,*, Muhammad Shahid2,Samia Afzal2,Hania Ramzan1, Tahir Rehman Samiullah2 and Muhammad Idrees3
... Serotype DENV-2 was dominant in the field collected larvae of Aedes aegypti in Lahore and Sheikhupura, Pakistan.
...
Syed Fazal Baqi Kakakhel*, Asad Ullah and Abdur Rashid
...b valleys of Basharai, Tanazgah and Bara Dara are the main habitats of this Markhor. The total number of Markhor recorded in Kalam and Mankial valleys was 136, out of which 84 were recorded in Kalam valley and 52 in Mankial valley. Among the 84 animals found in Kalam 26 were females, 23 males of unidentified horn size, 12 young of six months and four yearling males of 18 months age; the number of males with more than 36// horn size was five, 18...
Sameera Akhtar1*, Muhammad Akram Muneer1, Khushi Muhammad1, Muhammad Yasin Tipu1, Muhammad Anees2, Imran Rashid1, Raza-ur-Rehman3 and Irshad Hussain1
...chicken and feral birds (natural reservoirs) in Pakistan; however, their molecular characterization is largely inadequate and requires continuous evaluation. In this study, sequencing and molecular analysis of fusion (F) and hemagglutinin (HN) genes of NDV strain isolated from an outbreak in a peacock flock was undertaken. Proteolytic cleavage site of F0 showed a cleavage motif ...
Gabriela Mansano do Nascimento, Helena Lage Ferreira and Clarice Weis Arns
...longs to the genus Avibirnavirus, a dsRNA virus that causes an acute, highly contagious and immunosuppressive disease in young chickens. The first line of defence against the virus is innate immunity whose activation is independent of the antigen and depends on the ability of the host to recognize pathogens by means of specific pattern recognition recept...
Pam D Luka, Frank N Mwiine, Bitrus Yakubu, Joseph Erume, Ricardo Pérez-Sánchez, Hermann Unger and David Shamaki
...pigs from 10 states and analysed for anti-tick antibodies using the recombinant TSGP1 indirect ELISA. Of the samples analysed, 13.4% (442/3,288) showed moderate to high reactivity, suggestive of domestic pigs’ exposure to tick-bite. Antibody reactivity’s were found in eight of the 10 states studied and all the states have favourable climatic conditions for soft ticks’ sur...
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
...ontents for Pakistan Journal of Zoology, Volume 49, Number 1, February 2017...
Jehangir Khan1,2*, Inamullah Khan3, Ijaz Ali2, Aqib Iqbal2 and Muhammad Salman4
...m four (Shuba Bazaar, Tarnab Farm, Wazir Bagh and Hayat Abad) dengue suspected locations of district Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. A semi-nested multiplex PCR was used to amplify the cDNA of the four dengue serotypes. Six out of 35 (17.14%) adult mosquito pools were found positive for dengue virus with type-2 (77.77 %) and type-3 (11.11 %) while a single (11.11%) pool of co...
Muhammad Afzal1,Naveeda Akhtar Qureshi1,*, Khalid Zamir Rasib2 and Irfan Hussain1
...i>. Populus euramericana and Dalbergia sissoo were observed most palatable and resistant wood species, respectively, in no-choice laboratory and field trials. Five different wooden pairs were evaluated in choice bioassays in laboratory and field conditions. In force feeding field bioassays, least mass loss was recorded on D. sissoo (0.19±0.07g) and maximum on P. euramericana (1.50.1g). Unde...
Zafrullah Khan1, Shah Alam Khan1*, Hamayoon Khan2, Naeem Khan3, Khwaja Junaid1 and Inamullah Khan1
... genes from the conventional wheat cultivars that are resistant to the attack of R. padi have been incorporated in the commercial wheat cultivars to help manage R. padi. During this study seven wheat genotypes were evaluated as antixenosis, antibiosis and tolerance. These tested genotypes were (Pir Sabaq-2004, Atta-Habib, Saleem-2000, Serin-2010, Khyber-87, Sarhad-82, and Khushal-69) in three separate experimen...
Md. Yeamin Hossain1,*, Md. Alomgir Hossen1, Md. Nasir Uddin Pramanik1, Fairuz Nawer1, Md. Mosaddequr Rahman2, Suraiya Sharmin1, Dalia Khatun1, A. H. Bahkali3, Abdallah M. Elgorban3 and Khairun Yahya4
...is an important, nutritionally valuable food fish in south Asian countries i.e., Bangladesh, Bhutan, India and Nepal.The present study describes the first complete, inclusive description on life-history traits of B. dario, including ─ sex ratio, length-frequency distributions (LFDs), length-weight relationships (LWRs), length-length relationships (LLRs), condition factors (allometric, KA; Fulton’s, KF
Pinar Oztopcu-Vatan1, Gokhan Kus2, Emine Inan3, Melek Gunindi Korkut3, Selda Kabadere4,* and Ruhi Uyar4
...ibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism, changes the survival rate and induces apoptosis in a hepatoma cell line (H4IIE). We determined in vitro survival rate with MTT assay, the morphological changes with an inverted microscope, apoptosis using flow cytometry and statistical significance with one way analysis of variance followed by Tu...
Tanzeela Riaz1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2* and Syed Shahid Ali3
...n pest, Trogoderma granarium collected from various storage facilities of Punjab, Pakistan viz., Mandi Bahauddin-I, Mandi Bahauddin-II, Gujrat, Gujranwala and Sargodha. The activities of all esterases tested were significantly increased in all field collected phosphine-tolerant populations when compared with phosphine-susceptible population. Among developmental stages, the 4th instar larvae possessed higher esterase activities than 6
Mehmet Cilbiz1* and F. Banu Yalim2
... Growth parameters were analyzed by ELEFAN with monthly length–frequency data. The b values of the length-weight relationship, mean condition factor, K (growth coefficient), L∞ (asymptotic length)and to were estimated as 3.207, 1.13, 0.33 year-1, 36.50 cm and -0.476 years, respectively. Total mortality (Z) by length-converted catch curve was estimated at 0.83 year-1, fis...
Glomus mosseae (Gerd and Trappe) and Neemex Reduce Invasion and Development of Meloidogyne incognita
Atta ur Rehman Khan1,2*, Nazir Javed2, Shahbaz Talib Sahi2, Tariq Mukhtar1, Sajid Aleem Khan2 and Waqas Ashraf3
...ntal pollution by contaminating underground water. The bio-protectant potential of mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus mosseae) and neemex® (Azadirachtin) against invasion and development of Meloidogyne incognita was tested in eggplant roots in greenhouse pot trials. Neemex (5 g, 10 g and 15 g) and G. mosseae (100 g, 150 g and 200 g) were applied as protective treatment. The roots of eggplant were inoculated with 1000 second stage juveniles of ...
Muhammad Luqman Sohail1,*, Muhammad Sarwar Khan1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Muhammad Avais1, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor2, Omer Naseer1 and Muhammad Usman Saleem3
...nd mineral profile were analyzed at day 0, 7 and 21 of infection. Results showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in red blood cells (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and platelets while total leucocytes count (TLC), neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, red cell distribution width (RDW) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were increased significantly (P < 0.05) which indi...
Amjad Islam Aqib1, Muhammad Ijaz1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Riaz Hussain3, Saba Sana2, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Kashif Hussain1 and Syed Saleem Ahmad1
...urthered to biochemical analysis. Pearson’ Chi-square test at nighty five percent confidence interval was used to analyze the collected data. Antibiotic sensitivity was checked with twenty four antibiotics by disc diffusion method. Over all mastitis was found 52.5% (63/120) with leading subclinical (41.67%, 50/120) form of mastitis on overall milk collected data. Pathogen type was crowned by Staph. aureus with 7...
Abdur Rahim1, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Sara Ferrando2, Lorenzo Gallus2 and Abdul Ghaffar3
Jiancheng Zhai, Li Gao, Yanling Xia and Heping Li*
...dy was to isolate preliminarily differentially expressed genes in antler mesenchyme of both sexes. The genes were detected with three anchored primers and ten random primers using differential display reverse transcription PCR (DDRT-PCR). Five differentially expressed fragments were obtained through recovery, cloning and sequencing. Three of them (Af1, Ce1, Ci2) presented a higher expression in antler mesenchyme of female reindeer, but the other two (Ae1, Af3)...
Rashid Mahmood1,*, Waqar Ahmad1, Muhamamd Khalid Rafique1, Ghulam Sarwar1 and Anjum Shahzad2
...ed in twenty different managed and unmanaged apple orchards of Murree for determining relationship of different pollinator groups with crop yield. Apple is dependent on insect pollinators to set fruit. Farmers in Pakistan are generally not aware of pollination needs of apple. Results depicted a high population decline ...
Yang Wang1, Zhide Cheng2, Mengjie Tang3, Haixia Zhou1, Xiaolu Yuan4,Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf5, Shuting Mao1 and Jing Wang1,*
...e plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) has a strong adaptability to hypoxic plateau environment. We found that the sperm-specific lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-C4) gene Ldh-c is expressed in plateau pika skeletal muscles. In order to shed light on the effect of LDH-C4 on the anaerobic glycolysis in plateau pika skeletal muscle, 20 pikas were randomly divided i...
Jun Cui, Xiaoxu Zhou, Zhicheng Wang, Derong Kong, Xuemei Qiu, Hongdi Wang and Xiuli Wang*
...50.8kDa, containing a signal peptide cleavage site between amino acids 18 and 19. The CcWap65 is a hydrophilic protein and no trans-membrane topological proteins. The SMART analysis revealed that CcWap65 contains three hemopexin-like repeats (E-value < 0.05). The crucian carp Wap65 was mainly expressed in liver, with limited expression observed in intestine, skeletal muscle and kidney. CcWap65 was significan...
Mousa Keshavarz1*, Ehsan Kamrani1, Narges Amrollahi Biuki1 and Hossein Zamani2
...t-align: justify;">The gonad developments of 217 sea urchins (Echinometra mathaei) were monitored monthly from March to September 2014 in the intertidal zones of Bandar Lengeh in the Persian Gulf. The numbers of males, females, unsexual samples were counted for 71, 126 and 20, respectively. Females were totally 1.77 times heavier than males. Wet weights of gonads were nearly 8.25% of the mean total wet body weights. O...
Faiz Muhammad,1, 2,*, Zhang Zhi-Feng,1, Shao Ming-Yu1 and Muhammad Shafi3
...ite leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) has been cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA (RACE) and anchored PCR method. The full length of the (LvCypA) had 855 bp, containing 495 bp of open reading frame (ORF), encoding 164 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 17.6 kDa. The LvCypA has four β- strands. Tissue distribution...
Fazal Said1,Mian Inayatullah2 and Hussain Ali3*
...nflower plots kept under natural conditions, where bee visitors had access to sunflower blossoms. In contrast, sunflower plots covered with insect-proof bags gave minimum seed production and oil contents, which most probably was because of bee visitors denied to forage on flowers of the crop. Results revealed that sunflower in blooming stage attracted large number of bee visitors particularly Apis mellifera and A. florea. Visitation/foraging of h...
Nagwan F. Zahran, Ali F. Hamza and Rehab M. Sayed*
...uit fly, Bactrocera zonata were irradiated with sterilizing and substerilizing doses of gamma radiation. The effect of gamma rays on the DNA patterns of adult males showed alterations from the control. Exposure to radiation caused very frequently the appearance of some extra bands and the deficiency of others in the RAPD-PCR amplification patterns of the irradiated insects.
Shazia Ali, Hizb Ullah and Sarwat Jahan*
...n (gm/dl) alongwith hormonal assay of GH (ng/mL), T3 (ng/mL), T4 (µg/dL), TSH (μIU/mL), and kisspeptin (ng/ml) was done. BMI and hemoglobin were significantly reduced (P<0.001), while serum ferritin were significantly increased (P<0.001) in all four thalassemic groups on comparison with control. Kisspeptin levels were significantly reduced in ≤13 years female (P<0.001). While significantly high levels were ...
Mürşide Dartay*, Tuncay Atessahin and Erdal Duman
...nd 18.5 m water depth. Finally, these findings clearly show that increasing and/or higher temperatures supported higher CPUE values. In contrast increasing depths gave rise to a decrease in CPUE values.
...
Fermín Lopez-Uriostegui1, Jesús T. Ponce-Palafox2,*, Fabiola Lango-Reynoso1, María del Refugio Castañeda-Chavez1, Virgilio Eugenio Arenas-Fuentes3 and Fernando Vega-Villasante4
...their stomach repletion analysis. Samples were taken four-hly over a 24 h cycle. In general it was found that stomach repletion index showed both species feed 24 h, but forage activity differs in intensity in the two species. In M. tenellum repletion index was greatest during the day and M. americanum in the night.
...
Sadaf Ijaz Malik1, Kiran Afshan2* and Mazhar Qayyum1
...to Gigantocotyle explanatum infection. Of the 558 slaughtered buffaloes from central Punjab, Pakistan, 18.99% were infected, and morphometric analyses were made of 115 mature amphistomes and gravid eggs with traditional microscopic methods on the basis of standardized measurements. Amphistomes were flattened and stained in Borax carmine, some were sectioned in the median sagittal pl...
Andrea Rezic1, Ivica Boskovic2, Piera Lubinu3, Marina Piria1, Tihomir Florijancic2, Massimo Scandura3 and Nikica Sprem1*
...Geometric morphometrics analyses are now often used to examine morphological variation in carnivore skull. Differences in golden jackal skull shape and size due to sexual dimorphism were examined using two dimensional geometric morphometrics approach. A total of 21 landmarks described the dorsal side of the skull and lateral side of the mandible. Individual variation in skull and mandible morphology was statistically signifi...
Table of Contents for Pakistan Journal of Zoology, Volume 49, Number 2, April 2017
Table of Contents
...ontents for Pakistan Journal of Zoology, Volume 49, Number 2, April 2017...
Rashid Ahmed Khan* and Muhammed Naveed
... flies, Bacterocera zonata is a serious pest of fruits causing severe losses to the fruit production and quality, in Pakistan. In the present experiment the population of B. zonata was monitored using methyl eugenol traps during the year, 2015. Occurrence and population dynamics of the fruit fly were compared with meteorological factors, such as temperature, relative humidity...
Waqar Islam*1, 2, Madiha Zaynab3, Muhammad Qasim2 and Zujian Wu1,2
...erstanding the available natural resistance in plants against viral threats. The review aims to explain the molecular mechanisms involved in triggering the antiviral resistance in plants. Antiviral RNA silencing, R-gene mediated resistance and host factor related recessive resistance are categorized as most beneficial plant defense approaches used by plants. The review also briefly explain...
...d, this issue of the journal has a new name. Starting from the first issue of 2017, Hosts and Viruses is the revised name of the British Journal of Virology. The journal was initiated in 2013 and started publishing in 2014 with six issues per year.
Mingqin Shao1*, Bin Chen1, Peng Cui2, Binbin Zeng1 and Jianhong Jiang1
...vior. The present study analyzed the daily travel distance, home range and group characteristics of scaly-sided merganser Mergus squamatus in Yihuang and Wuyuan counties, Jiangxi Province, China, from December 2012 to March 2013 and December 2015 to March 2016. Results showed that the daily travel distance of scaly-sided merganser was 3100 ± 1313 m; the daily home range was 122,460 ± 42,019 m2...
K.N. ArulJothi1, M. Abinaya1, B. Suruthi Abirami1, Melvin George2, S. Elangovan3 and A. Devi1*
...ugh logistic regression analysis, it was observed that, in Tamil population the CC and CT genotype carriers have higher odds of developing myocardial infarction (OR – 1.64 and 2.04 respectively) and for developing hypercholesterolemia (OR – 2.02 and 2.13 respectively). In the total population, the CC genotype carriers have significantly lower HDL-C (0.82 ± 0.04 mmol/L Vs, 0.9 ± 0.05 mmol/L (p<0.05)) and higher LDL-C (3.7 &plu...
Zafar Iqbal1* and Muhammad Khurshid2
...nt extracts of Nicotiana benthamiana plants inoculated with ToLCNDV. To immunocapture the ToLCNDV, two antisera raised against Tomato yellow leaf curl virus-coat protein (TYLCV-CP) and African cassava mosaic virus-coat protein (ACMV-CP) were used. However, immunocapture of ToLCNDV could only be achieved by using the TYLCV-CP antisera followed by PCR detection by using specific and degenerate primers. ToLCNDV is geogra...
Nosheen Noor Elahi* and Misbah Mughal
...stem epidermal cell combinations and structures like number of stomata, number and shape of cork, silica, long, and pointed elongated cork cells. It is therefore contended that the structure of the epidermis in sugar cane can be used as a characteristic of variety differentiation....
Hui Zhang2, Yajing Wang2, Kun Li2, Mujeeb Ur Rehman2, Fazul Nabi2, Rui Gui2, Yanfang Lan2 and Houqiang Luo1,2*
...riety of benign and malignant neoplasm in domestic chickens with subsequent economic losses to poultry industry. Effected birds show lymphocyte tumor, abnormal proliferation and series of tumors in connective tissues and other visceral organs. To evaluate the status of lymphoid leukosis virussubgroup A (ALV-A) infection in free-range chickens in five different cities of Anhui province, a total of 732 serum samples were analy...
Akbar Ali1,*, Khalil Mohamed2 and Fawzia Toulah3
...problems in infants, pregnant women and immune compromised patients. Abortion is one of the most serious outcomes in pregnant women. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 162 women of child bearing age were included from Rafha city of Saudi Arabia. Demographic data was recorded. Specific Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM were detected in serum by ELISA method. Toxoplasma gondii <...
Tuli Dey, Sonnet Poddar and Mukti Barua
...ion came to Madras veterinary college with the clinical sign of complete uterine prolapse which calved one day before. The cow was handled and the prolapsed mass was corrected so carefully that there could be saved the life without any complication. The prolapsed mass of cow was managed with lukewarm water and manual pressure replacement in non-raising condition of hindquarter. Vulvar Retention Suture (modified Bhuners sutur...
Eman M. Farghaly1, Ahmed Samy1,2*, Heba Roshdy
...ll four pathogens disseminated in various organs with higher incidence of mixed compared to single infection. Different serotypes of E.coli and Salmonella could be recovered from dead birds however E.coli (O78) and S.enteritidis were recovered mainly from heart and liver. The recovered E.coli, S.aureus and P. haemolytica isolates recovered from mixed infection cases showed (57.1-100%) resistance to highly important antibiotic group (Doxycycline, Tetracycline, ...
Zahir Shah, Ahmed Nawaz Tunio, Shakoor Ahmad, Ijaz Ahmad, Javid Ali, Sher Bhader Khan
...A 5 year old heavily pregnant Jersey cow, suffering from acute abdominal pain since last 12 hours was subjected for caesarean section at Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistan. The surgery was performed under paravertebral anesthesia at T1...
Iftikhar Ahmad, Abdul M. Saleem, Ghulam Mustafa, Khurram Ziaf, Irfan Afzal and Muhammad Qasim
...nd Hydropriming) on germination and seedling vigor of Gerbera jamesonii and Zinnia elegans. Seeds of Gerbera jamesonii and Zinnia elegans were primed in salt solutions and distilled water for 24 h and 12 h, respectively, and germinated at 25 ± 1 °C with 40-60% R.H. in 16/8 hours day/night conditions. Results revealed that pre-sowing seed treatment particularly halopriming with CaCl2 was the most effective for invi...
Abdul Wajid Khalil and Zafar Iqbal
...ens is a Pakistani medicinal herb, used in the treatment of various ailments, including asthma, cough and jaundice. The aim of the study was to determine and compare the proximate, mineral, amino acid compositions of the aerial parts and roots of B. procumbens. The result of carbohydrate (75.56±0.046%) of aerial parts was found higher as compared to the roots (31.22±0.05%) while protein (37.46±0.02%) and organic matter (21.25±0.03%)...
Sheraz Ahmed and Fida Mohammad
...ram. One hundred recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from four F4 populations of Flue Cured Virginia (FCV) tobacco were tested to identify effective selection indices. Experimental material was planted at two locations i.e. Mardan (E-1, E-3 and E-5) and Mansehra (E-2, E-4 and E-6) using alpha lattice design with three replicates during 2012/13, 2013/14 and 2014/15. Heritability in broad sense was generally low for all traits except nicotine and reducing s...
Idowu Fagbamila1*, Adaobi Okeke2, Micheal Dashen2, Patricia Lar2, Sati Ngulukun1, Benshak Audu1, David Ehizibolo1, Paul Ankeli1, Pam Luka1, Maryam Muhammad1
...ning and cooling. Contamination of water at any point in the processing stage is likely to affect meat hygiene. Waste water generated during these activities typically has high presence of organic material such as blood, fat, flesh and excreta. In developing countries like Nigeria where access to portable water is lacking, it is not uncommon to “reuse” rinse water for processing several batches of poultry carcass.Several samples were collected from...
Mirza Imran Shahzad1,*, Anna Iqbal2, Farrah Ali1, Nuzhat Sial3, Muhammad Ashfaq4, Abul Hasanat5 and Azra Khanum6
...in order to collect supernatant. While the second and third parts were also centrifuged but however supernatants were discarded to get their pellets, which were dissolved in normal saline. Of this one part was taken for thaw and freeze treatment, while the second for ultrasonication treatment, before conducting antimicrobial activities. Zones of inhibition were measured by using disc diffusion method. Super
Majed Rafeeq1,*, Nadeem Rashid1, Muhammad Masood Tariq1, Rassol Bakhsh Tareen2, AsadUllah1 and Zahid Mustafa1
...formance of broiler alternative to antibiotics. One-day-old (N=320) broiler chicks were divided into eight treatment groups with four replicates of ten chicks. Six treatments were three herbs i.e. Allium sativum, Cassia angustifolia and Artemisia scoparia @ 0.5 and 1.0% respectively, control (basal diet), and a positive control (Oxyfeed® @ 2g/kg). In the study, the treatment groups, which were given diet supplemented ...
Nadeem Rashid1,*, Masroor Ahmad Bajwa1, Mohammad Masood Tariq1, Tanvir Ahmad2, Majed Rafeeq1, Zafar Ahmad1, Mohammad Arif Awan1, Mohammad Ali1, Muhammad Zahid Mustafa1, Muhammad Shafee1, Asad Ulah1 and Amanullah Khan3
...ayed samples were contaminated with A. flavus. From them,48.8% of isolates were capable of producing aflatoxin B1. The study revealed the need of regular mycological monitoring of compound commercial feed in order to make control strategies and prevent toxic syndromes to this type of contamination.
...
Mohammad Raoofi and Mohammad Taghi Alebrahim
...lfalfa on yield, nutritional value and some morphological traits of alfalfa, forage crop, as factorial and based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in two cuttings during 2013-14 crop years. The experimental treatments were weed interference and non-interference in two levels (hand weeding and non-hand weeding) and plant density in four levels (20, 40, 60 and 80 stems per square meter). The results obtained in two cuttings in the thi...
Cansu Akbulut1,*, Tuğba Kotil2, Burcu Öztürk1 and Nazan Deniz Yön1
...>2) is widely used nanoparticle all over the world. In this study, we have investigated the histopathological effect on zebrafish ovaries after exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles. Adult zebrafish individuals were exposed to 1, 2 and 4 mg/L TiO2 for 5 days, and then their ovaries were evaluated using light and transmission electron microscopy. Numerous degenerated follicles with cytoplasmic vacuolizati...
Sehrish Rasool1, Zain ul Abdin1,*, Saqi Kosar Abbas2, Sumra Ashraf1, Maryam Anwer1, Atif Manzoor1, Muhammad Tahir1 and Hoor Shaina1
...hat is directly proportional to the quantity of resources available.
...
Saqib Ali1, Suliman Ali1, Lina1, Wen Zhou1, Muhammad Irfan Waris1, Ashfaq Ali2 and Man Qun Wang1,*
...omic significance, and management. Beetles in the Cerambycidae family have implicit increasing importance as pests of green forest in addition to shade trees, shrubs, and pink wood products as well as vectors of tree ailments. The alien species related to hardwood packing substances have been remarkable tree destroyers in the urban and semi-urban areas of China. In forests flora and fauna ...
Sung Kwon Park1a, Jin Young Jeong2a, Eun Seok Cho3, Yong Dae Jeong3 and Chang Seok Park4*
...ggered by pathogenic coronavirus causing watery diarrhea and high mortality in piglets. This post-viral syndrome results in severe economic losses in the pig industry. However, limited information on the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus-infected pigs is available. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify transcriptomes with RNA sequencing (R
Wali Khan*, Ghazal Mumtaz, Saima Bibi and Salma Afzal
...ned for parasitic contamination. The results showed that 10.7% of the vegetables were found to be contaminated with one or more than one species of parasites. Intestinal parasites Ascaris lumbricoides 26.7%, Trichuris trichura 19.6%, Taenia saginata 25 % and Entamoeba histolytica cyst 28.5% were detected. The highest prevalence was recorded for Entamoeba...
Muhammad Shahid1, Iram Amin1,*, Samia Afzal1, Zareen Fatima1, Sadia Zahid1, Usman Ashraf1 and Muhammad Idrees2
... of 16-25 rather than teenage (≤16) and older age group (≥50). From the result of this febrile illness study we concluded that males and young people are more susceptible to Dengue virus infection. Moreover serotype-2 was the main causative serotype of the 2013 outbreak of dengue fever.
...
Tausif Ahmad1, Iahtasham Khan2, Saddaf Razzaq1, Saeed-ul-Hassan Khan1,* and Raheela Akhtar3
... species) at Civil Veterinary Hospitals, animal markets and peri-urban livestock holdings in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Serum samples were initially screened by the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). RBPT positive samples were subjected to a B. abortus specific indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA). Serum samples that were confirmed to be positive for B. abortus through serology were subjected to an rPCR in order to test its efficacy in...
Memoona Akber1, Muhammad Mushtaq1,*, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1, Amjad Rashid Kayani1 and Noor-un-Nisa2
...on of the Norway rat dominated the juvenile during all the seasons of the year. Data on the body weight reflected that the males were heavier than the females in all the four seasons of the year; the heaviest males were observed during the winter season. Reproductive activity revealed that the males were recorded reproductively active throughout the year while more than 50% specimens of females were recorded inactive through...
Erum Bughio1, Ahmed Sultan Jatoi*1, Muzamil Memon2, Reema Bughio3, Pervez Ahmed Khoso4, Zafar Ali Khoso1 and Ali Asghar Baloch5
..., B, C, D, E and F; vaccinated with various combinations of IBD through different routes. Results showed that the birds of different groups received different maternal antibodies did not induce any antibodies as recorded in all groups received vaccines at days 1, 9 or 12 exhibited similar pattern antibody profiles, however, an increase in the mean titer of antibodies was recorded from 17 a...
Irum, Akram Shah*, Sobia Wahid, Nazma Habib Khan and Qaisar Jamal
...r sources. A cross-sectional household survey was carried out using in-person questionnaire evaluation along with microscopic assessment of water samples for Cyclops species. Based on previous clinical records of dracunculiasis, five villages of Dera Ismail Khan including Kath Garh, Wanda Dost Ali, Chah Mundar Wala, Ketch and Gara Baloch were surveyed for a total of 206 randomly selected households, where the househol...
Abdul Aziz Khan1,*, Shahid Munir2 and Irfan Ahmed2
... population in Fatima Jinnah Park, Islamabad. A total of 1838 kg bait was applied at 32 bait points, out of which 1627 kg was consumed by wild boars during 17 nights. The consumption of bait increased asymptotically and attained peak on the 7th night. The bait in-take, external and internal pathological symptoms were similar as has been described for warfarin and brodifacoum. Th...
Uzma Farid Durrani1,*,Sagar Mal Goyal2, Asim Khalid Mahmood1,Cathleen Hanlon3, Susan Moore3, Muhammad Waqas1 and Raheela Akhtar4
...gn: justify;">A pre-vaccination serological study was conducted on 100 puppies (< 3 months age), in rabies endemic Lahore city of Pakistan, to evaluate their maternal rabies virus neutralizing antibody titer (mRVNA). All puppies were whelped by dams regularly vaccinated with high quality ina...
Habib Ullah Khan1*, Saleem Ullah1, Hamid Ullah Shah1, Muhammad Arif2
...F, N,S, P and their combination i.e.CF, CN, CS, CP, FN, FS, FP, NS, NP, SP, CFN, CFS, CFP, FNS, FNP, FSP, CNS, CNP, CSP, FSP, NSP, CFNS, CFNP, CFSP, CNSP, FNSP, CFNSP. Quality of the treated wood coal and their effect on soil pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), acidity, total nitrogen and other minerals was studied. pH and EC of the treated wood coal ranged from 1.48 to 11.9 and 3.45 to 28.4µs/dl respectively. Soil EC was lower 96.60 µS/dl in untreat...
Muhammad Waqas1*, Anwar Ali Shad1, Omaira Bashir2 and Mohsin Iqbal3
...by HPLC to utilize it as natural colorants in sunflower oil and spaghetti. Tomato peel contained 720 mg/100g of carotenoids consisting phytoene (3.15%) followed by phytofluene (2.31%), β-carotene (2.11%), cis-lycopene (1.71%), lutein (1.51%), cis-ζ-carotene (0.61%), ζ-carotene (0.56%), and γ-carotene (0.52%). Lycopene was found in highest amount (87.52 %). Antioxidant activity of carotenoids from tomato peel was assessed by measuring Ranci...
John G. Bruno
...rickettsial antigens to enable sensitive detection of rickettsia exposure in humans who have seroconverted. Such anti-idiotypic aptamer antigens might also serve as rickettsial vaccines, if fully developed. The top five highest affinity R. rickettsii and top five R. typhi anti-Fab aptamers as assessed by enzyme-linked aptamer sorbent assay (ELASA) screening were shown to specifically bind their cognate antibodies when captur...
Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
...s by mailing the questionnaires. The results showed that overwhelming majority of the respondents i.e., 88% were M.Sc degree holders. They have had an average work experience of 16 years. Significant differences were observed among the competencies of AEOs with their participation in training programs and their higher educational qualification. The differences were considered as training needs and the AEOs need in-service tr...
Wesam Hasan Mohamed Mady 1*, Bing Liu2, Dong Huang2, A. Arafa1, M.K. Hassan1, M.M. Aly1, Pucheng Chen2, Yongping Jiang2* and Hualan Chen2
...tro expression of recombinant plasmid DNA was performed by transfection of 293T (HEK) cell line. The HA protein was analyzed using SDS-PAGE followed by Western blot and immunofluorescence assays. The pCAGG-optiH9 vaccine efficacy was evaluated by intramuscular immunization of SPF chickens with different concentrations of plasmid D
Waqar Islam
...conditions. Integrated management approaches involving utilization of virus resistant crops and efficient management of insect vectors can reduce this disastrous problem. However, in developing countries such strategies are rarely applied due to lack of farmer’s knowledge about plant virus diseases. Therefore, here we reviewed about this issue by highlighting that what farmers know about plant viruses, what is their pe...
Muhammad Asif Zahoor1, Zeeshan Nawaz1, Abu Baker Siddique1, Sajjad ur Rahman2 and Shahid Ali1*
...lasma infections in gallinaceous birds are reported throughout the world and are caused by either Mycoplasma gallisepticum or Mycoplasma synoviae. Hence, in the present study we have detected Mycoplasma spp. from tissue samples collected from clinically sick (60 samples) and apparently healthy broiler birds (30 samples) in a commercial farm, using classical isolation and compared with molecular identification of Mycoplasma infections. A total of 96 tissue samp...
Sadiq Ali* and Ijaz Ahmad Khan
...nium weed is a weed of a national significance in Pakistan. Although, parthenium weed is infesting many parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, but more affected regions are Peshawar valley and Hazara division where it has enormously invaded most of the open spaces like roadsides, wasteland and water ways resulting in loss of local biodiversity. Field survey of district Swabi (Peshawar Valley) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, was carrie...
Tianzhu Chao, Huiqiang Cai, Yuxun Zhou, Kai Li* and Junhua Xiao
...past dispersal events in natural populations of this species. We investigated the molecular phylogenetics of Chinese house mice based on 466 DNA sequences from mitochondrial D-loop fragments. Our analyses revealed that Mus musculus musculus and M. m. castaneus are older colonized subspecies with broad distributions in East Chi
Jun Gao1,2, Liang-Liang Yue3, Xianhuan Jiang1, Liju Ni4, Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf5, Yuxun Zhou,1 Kai Li1,* and Junhua Xiao1,*
...icrotus fortis in China, we investigated 84 individuals collected from five populations. The mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cyt b) and control region (CR) were sequenced and 49 haplotypes were observed. No shared haplotype was found among different geographic populations. High Fst values among the populations suggested that fragmentation of habitat has resulted in genetically distinct populations. The trees, inferred from maximum...
Xiang Nong1,2,3,*, Yao-jun Yang1,2, Guang-you Yang3, Feng-zheng Chen2, Mei Tang1,2 and Gang Wang2
...> Spreng. Through preliminary separation. However, in the experiments, we found an interesting phenomenon, that is, the dead state of mites treated with stigmasterol was similar to that of mites of the positive control group treated with fenvalerate. Furthermore, the dead state of mites treated with stigmasterol was different from that of mites of the negative control group. This result confirmed the insecticidal activity of stigmasterol. We conducted a thorou...
Maoying Zhu, Yuntao Ji, Xiaoyu Wang, Junying Pu and Changqing Qu*
...lls. Four different combinations of cryoprotectants with and without hydrogen gas (H) (purified H2 was dissolved into normal cryopreservation solution for 2 hrs under 0.6 MPa were tested including the following groups: control (CK), 100µm GSH, 10µm fasudil hydrochloride (FH) and a combination of the two (GSH + FH). A solution of 10% (v/v) Me2SO + 20% FBS was used as the standard cryopreserva...
Matiyar Rahaman Khan1,*, Sabyasachi Pal2, Ghule Tushar Manohar2, Somnath Bhattacharyya3, Amit Singh4, Prahlad Sarkar5 and Samuel Lalliansanga6
Adel Eid Mohamed Mahmoud*
...stibility, blood and ruminal parameters, growth performance, meat analysis and feed intake of growing lambs. Fifty one Barki lambs with body weight of 30±0.57 kg; in three groups (17 animals, each). Experimental rations were composed of concentrate and clover hay in a 60:40 concentrate: roughage ratio.There was no effect of bakery by-products inclusion on nutrients digestibility and nutritive values except digestion c...
YaQiu Liu and ZhiJian Wang*
...ultrastructure of intestinal tract of Paramisgurnus dabryanus with light and electron microscopies. Intestinal tract was divided into three parts. Morphologically complex folds were formed on surfaces of anterior and middle intestines where many secretory cells were present. Highly developed junction complex were seen in anterior intestine. Cytoplasm contained abundant mitochondria and pinocytotic vesicles. Epithelium...
Yi-qiang Ouyang1, Zhen-xin Liang1, Shi-wen Huang2, Ying Zhang3, Shao-shi Luo1, Jin-ning Liang1, Jia-fu Li1, Yu He4 and Song-chao Guo1,*
...er maze test. Pathology analysis of treated animals showed obvious gliosis and neurofibrillary tangles in the cerebral hippocampal area. These results suggest that the tree shrew can recapitulate the major features of AD pathogenesis. To provide the basis for further studies with this new animal model, we used high-throughput sequencing to analyze changes in the hippocampal transcriptome induced by injection of the three AD ...
Hamayun Khan1,*, Momen Khan2, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi3, Shakoor Ahmad1, Ali Gohar4, Hameed Ullah5, FarmanUllah6, Arab Hussain7, Pershotam Khatri8, Said Sajjad Ali Shah1, Hamid Rehman1 and Azmatullah Khan1
...t is plant–dervied natural antioxidant. The objective of this study was to explore the antioxidative effect of green tea extract on the cryopreserved bull semen. Experiments were carried out on Achai breeding bulls of similar age at the Semen Production Unit, Harichand, District Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Collection of semen was done using artificial vagina (42°C) for three weeks. Semen was extended in egg yolk...
Muhammad Noor, Hidayat ur Rahman and Muhammad Iqbal
...from 0.69 to 0.76, while narrow sense ranged from 0.38 to 0.69. Maximum broad sense heritability estimate of 0.84 was observed in cross-II for days to anthesis. Minimum narrow sense heritability of 0.46 was calculated in cross-III for plant height. Plant height exhibited high estimates of broad sense heritability estimates (0.69 to 0.85). Similarly, narrow sense heritability ranged from 0....
Urooj Fatima1, Arslan Mehboob2, Muhammad Abid3, Muti-ur-rehman Khan4 and Tahir Yaqub4*
...ve samples for hemagglutination, nineteen (38.4%) samples were positive in PCR. Sequence analysis of the selected positive samples revealed that both CPV-2 and new CPV-2a strains are circulating in the domestic dog poputlation in Pakistan. This pioneer research on the molecular characterization of CPVs in dogs would establish foundations to carry out effective control strategies in future.
...
Sanaullah Jalil*, Asim Hayat, Abid Majeed, Syed Haider Abbas, Muhammad Noman, Muhammad Imran Kasana and Muhammad Mazhar Hussain
...h pH level and soil carbonate contents further limit the utilization of P by plants. This research was conducted during wheat cropping season of year 2010 and 2011 and it consisted of determination of the residual effect of six treatments (T0 = control without rock phosphate & farmyard manure, T1= rock phosphate @150 kg P2O5 per hectare, T2 = FYM @5 tons per hectare, T3 = RP @100 kg P2O5 per hectare+ FYM @5 tons per hect...
Neelum Andaleeb, Munir Khan and Syed Attaullah Shah
... well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from female respondents through face to face interviews. A composite index was constructed to measure the extent of women’s participation, and a linear regression model was used to determine factors affecting women’s involvement in livestock farming. Results reveal that women were mostly involved in almost all farming activities. The average composite index value is 4.81 which indicate that wo...
Response of Spring and Autumn Sunflower to Chemical and Bio-Fertilizers for Yield and Quality Traits
Muhammad Tahirand Memoona Shehzadi*
...ts comprised on the combination of chemical fertilizers (No chemical fertilizer, half recommended dose of fertilizer and full recommended dose of chemical fertilizer) and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) (No PGPR, PGPR-1, PGPR-2 and PGPR-1 + PGPR-2). The PGPR used in this study were pre-isolated and characterized, taken from soil microbiology and biochemistry laboratory, Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences (ISES), University of Agriculture ...
Zia Ur Rahman1*, Syed Mehar Ali Shah1, Hidayat Ur Rahman1, Fida Mohammad1, Mian Ahmad Raza1 and Ijaz Ahmad Khan2
...inoculation with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae, the fundamental agent of bacterial leaf blight, most of the studied rice accessions and the two commercial rice cultivars displayed susceptible reactions. Seven rice accessions viz. UoA-2, UoA-5, UoA-11, UoA-48, UoA-53, UoA-102, and UoA-123 showed moderate levels of resistance while eleven rice accessions viz. UoA-4, UoA-6, UoA-22, UoA-41, UoA-60, UoA-67, UoA-68, UoA-84, UoA-126, UoA-129 and UoA-133 displayed str...
Muhammad Qadir Ahmad¹*, Farheen Ashraf Raza¹, Abdul Qayyum¹, Waqas Malik¹, Rao Wali Muhammad2, Muhammad Asif Saleem1, Amir Hamza2, Ahmad Baksh Mahar3
...ash crop that provides financial assistance to many people across the world. Leaf morphology and physiology provides a balance between leaf temperature, leaf energy exchange and photosynthesis. The experiment was undertaken to study the association of leaf related traits i.e. leaf area (LA), leaf angle position (LP), number of lobes per leaf (NL), leaf chlorophyll contents (SV), relative water content (RWC), leaf hairiness (HL), leaf color (LC) and yield relat...
Abdus-Subhan1, Qudratullah Khan1, Muhammad Mansoor2, Muhammad Jamil Khan1, Ammanullah2, Matiullah Khan3
...corded in treatment combination of P2 × S1.It is concluded that use of 2-tillers on raise bed sowing method gave significant result of WUE, economics and grain yield which may be recommended for the arid regions.
...
Muhammad Khurshid1,2*, Muhammad Nafees1, Mehmet Somuncu2
...ism and ecological sustainability. This study reflects that how this agriculture encroachment may have contributed to the pastoral resources degradation and subsequent landless pastoralist’s marginalization in uplands of Naran. Extensive field surveys carried out during last three years (2013-2016) to understand crops encroachment process and its implications for pastoral resources. Land use-classes such as forest, agr...
Wazha Mugabe1,2, Lawrence Akanyang1, Mackenzie Nsinamwa1, Batanani Moatswi1, Naledi Matthews1, Kealeboga Dipheko1, Imtiaz Ahmed Ujjan3 and Assar Ali Shah2*
...as goat as well as maintenance purposes for cattle in the dry season. Thus understanding the dynamics on rangeland response to grazing could prove worthy in finding an equilibrium point for optimizing animal productivity, with limited range degradation. Therefore, the current study was aimed at determining and comparing fodder tree species composition along grazing gradient in fenced and unfenced grazing area in the Gaborone...
Waqas Ahmed Dogar2, Arshad Ali Khan3*, Saeed Ahmed2, Sudheer Tariq2, Mukhtar Ahmad2, Muhammad Imran2, Muhammad Noman2 and Nadeem Khan1
...th some extra care and management practices in orchard and proved to be the best planting distance for citrus under agro ecological conditions of Punjab province of Pakistan....
Antibacterial Activity by Chlorogenic Acid Isolated through Resin from Apricot (Prunus Armeniaca L.)
Ahmed Mujtaba1, Tariq Masud1, Asif Ahmad1, Waqar Ahmed3, Saqib Jabbar3* and Robert E. Levin2
....0 and 7.0 mm. The HPLC analysis of apricot suggested that 5.0 gm of apricot contain 1.04 µg/ml of chlorogenic acid on dry weight basis. It is concluded that apricot may be an alternative, natural and supplemental treatment for diseases associated with these pathogens.
...
Ahmad Khan1, Raza Ullah Khan1*, Muhammad Zameer Khan1, Fayyaz Hussain1,Muhammad Ehsan Akhtar2, Jalal-Ud-Din3
Usman Shakoor1*, Mudassar Rashid1, Abdul Saboor2, Nabila Khurshid1, Zuhair Husnain2 and Abdul Rehman2
...ing tools to forecast scenarios for the climate in an area. Changes in these tools from the past due to any unavoidable circumstances for today and in the future is refers to climate change (CC). Besides other living being, crops are either benefited or adversely affected by these changes in the climate of an area. Maize is one of the widely grown crops in the world and even in Pakistan has also influenced in either way. Cur...
Zain-ul-Aabdin Abro1*, Naheed Baloch1, Niaz Hussain Khuhro2, Waseem Akbar Qazi2, Noor Abid Saeed3
... i.e., bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) and ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) using cue-lure baited traps. The male lure baited traps were arrayed at three meter height and replenished on fortnightly basis in experimentation sites. Results revealed that significantly highest (124.86) population was recorded on L. acutangula and lowest (104.725) on L. siceraria at both experimental sites throughout the course of experiment. Mo...
Mustafa Cengiz1*, Jama Hussein Ali2, H. Mehtap Kutlu2, Djanan Vejselova2 and Adnan Ayhanci3
...s (serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)). In contrast, in the groups given D-GaIN and EA, a decrease in the damage of the liver tissue, a significant decrease activated Bax and caspase-3-positive hepatocytes, while increase in the number of Bcl-2 positive hepatocytes, a decrease in the biochemistry markers levels were found. Group 4, given EA before D-GaIN, showed bett...
Neenish Rana, Nosheen Ehsan, Awais Ihsan and Farrukh Jamil*
...ular fossils, non-functional by-products of genome evolution. However, it has been indicated by several lines of evidences that some pseudogenes are active. Using current data of NCBI we have retrieved 65 pseudogenes from the genome sequence of human pathogenic bacteria Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) strain 26695. Computational analysis of the genome showed 6 transcriptio
Nirbhay Kushwaha, Achuit K Singh, Brotati Chattopadhyay and Supriya Chakraborty
Recent advances in geminivirus detection and future perspectives
...bant Assay (ELISA) and finally the use of molecular (nucleic acid-based) techniques have revolutionized the diagnosis of plant viruses. While the technologies available to virologists have obviously become more diverse and improved, the challenges have also changed greatly.Detection of plant viruses is becoming more critical as globalization of trade,particularly in horticultural commodities increase. The potential effects of climate change have further aggrav...
M. B. Meah
Biopesticides for crop growth and crop protection
...mendously increased germination and reduced damping-off, seed rot, seedling blight and tip over of vegetables (egg-plant, tomato, chilli) in the nursery and leaf blight, anthracnose, fruit rot, root knot and leaf curl/mosaic of tomato and carrot in the field. Aqueous solution of garlic and allamanda tablet sprayed at 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5 conc. increased seed germination by 45-60%, completely elimi
Sitansu Pan and Amrita Das
Evaluation of shelf life of some value added organic formulations of Trichoderma harzianum
...d FYMand also their combinations with two oil cakes, neem and mustard cake. The growth was estimated in terms of colony forming unit (c.f.u.)/g of substrate up to 120 days at 30 days interval. In all organic products or their amendment with oil cakes c.f.u. increased up to 60 days and then gradually declined. Among the four organic media, vermicompost retained 21.3 x 10 c.f.u./g at 120 days where as leaf mold,FYMand rice bran retained 20.1 x 10 c.f.u./g, 17.3 ...
Honnur Basha, Vinaya Hemannavar, B.Ramanujam, R. Rangeshwaran and S.Sriram
Screening of chilli microflora and other biocontrol agents for their antagonistic effects on Colletotrichum spp. infecting chillies
... different regions of Karnataka for isolation of chilli microflora. From these samples, 94 fungal and 89 bacterial isolates were derived, which included 50 isolates of fungi and 44 isolates of bacteria from phylloplane and pomoplane, 44 isolates of endophytic fungi and 45 of endophytic bacteria from inside the leaf and fruit tissues, respectively. Among them, 70 fungal isolates belonged to plant pathogenic genera like,Alterna
Neerja Agrawal, Mukesh Srivastava, Akhilesh Tripathi and Amrendra Singh
Survey and monitoring of pests, parasites and predators of pulse crops in central and eastern Uttar Pradesh
...lorlidae was recorded as natural enemy feeding on H. armigera larvae. In pigeonpea crop, mainly H. armigera, leaf webber Grapholita (Cydia) critica, Myllocerus spp, spotted pod borer Maruca testulalis, plume moth Exelastis atomosa, tur pod bug Clavigralla gibbosa, jassid Amrsca bigutulta, termite Odontotermes spp, green bug Nezara viridula, tur podfly Melanogromyza obtusa, blue butterfly Lampides boeticus, cow bug Tricentrus bicolor and Pentatomorpha bug were ...
K.N. Ahmed, S.H.A. Pramanik, M. Khatun A. Nargis M. R. Hasan
Efficacy of plant extracts in the suppression of insect pests and their effect on the yield of sunflower crop under different climatic conditions
...occinellid beetle,Epilachna varivestis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) severely attacked the foliages and florets in the capitulum (inflorescence). Other pests encountered were Spilosoma obliqua (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae),Homoeosoma sp. (Lepidoptera: Phyticidae),Heliothis armigera (Hb.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Monolepta signata(Oliv.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Epilachna septima ...
Sitansu Pan, Surojit Khalko and Amrita Das
Effect of some fungicides on seed mycoflora, germination, viability and their persistence in treated seeds
... on seed mycoflora, germination, seed viability and their persistence in treated seeds of mungbean, mustard and rice was studied in vitro. The highest appearance of pathogens viz.,Alternaria alternata was recorded in seeds of mungbean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.), A. brassicae in mustard (Brassica campestris L.) and Drechslera oryzae in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Propineb 70WP and prochloraz 45EC...
Wajid Hasan1 and C. P. Singh2
Relationship between the population of mustard aphid,Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) and weather parameters on different cultivars of Indian mustard ( Brassica juncea L.)
...ure & Technology,Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand to investigate the population dynamics of the mustard aphid,Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. on different 42 cultivars of Indian mustard (B. juncea). The results revealed that the population of L. erysimi exhibited negative correlation with maximum and minimum temperature,rainfall, wind velocity, evaporation and positive with afternoon and morning relative humidity. The values of...
Palash Mondal1 , Amitava Konar2 and N. Johnson Singh3
Evaluation of insecticidal schedules for the management of insect pests of potato
...ids, whitefly and epilachna beetle was observed in the treatment T which received soil application of phorate followed by spraying of chlorpyriphos,imadicloprid and cartap hydrochloride, respectively at 40, 55 and 70 DAP than other treatments. Maximum yield of healty potato tuber was recorded in the plot treated with chlorpyriphos before planting and foliar spray of acephate, imadichloprid and chlorpyriphos + cypermethrin at 40, 55 and 70 DAP(T ).Yield of dama...
S. K. Mukhopadhyay and M. V. Santha Kumar
Studies on the biosafety of botanical insecticides to native natural enemies of mulberry ecosystem
... in different conc./combinations along with dimethoate and dichlorvos on four coccinellid bio-control agents (Micraspis crocea, Micraspis discolor, Brumus suturalis and Scymnus bourdilloni ). All botanicals tested showed least mortality and was on par with unsprayed control. Dimethoate (0.1%) was highly toxic causing 100% mortality. Whereas, dichlorvos (0.1%) was least toxic in comparison to dimethoate. Botanical insecticides tested in different conc./combi
M.K. Pandit,P. K. Pal and B. K. Das
Effect of date of sowing on flowering and incidence and damage of melon fruit fly in snap melon Cucumis melo var.momordica genotypes
...e present experiment on snap melon [Cucumis melo (L.)var. momordica Duth.&Full.], was carried out during 2004-2005 to determine the best sowing date for higher female flower production and more number of fruits as well as lower fruit fly incidence. Three sowing dates viz. S =25 November, 2004, S =25 January 2005 and S =25 March, 2005 were selected to evaluate performance of eight genotypes, named as BCSM-1 to BCSM-8. The...
M. D. Maji, N.K.Das, S. Chatterjee, A. Ghosh and A.K. Bajpai
Forecasting models of bacterial leaf spot disease of mulberry for Birbhum district of West Bengal
... (BLS) caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv.mor was found to be one of the major foliar diseases in mulberry at farmers field in Birbhum district.BLS incidence appeared in May and continued up to November. The correlation coefficient between disease severity and meteorological parameters revealed that BLS disease severity showed significant positive correlation with max & min temperatures, min relative humidity, rainfall and number of rainy days. Step down ...
1N. Johnson Singh, 2Amitava Konar and 3Palash Mondal
Incidence of aphids in different traps on potato in Gangetic plains of West Bengal
...valuate the population dynamics of aphids with the help of yellow pan trap and yellow sticky trap. The population of aphid catches was quite lower in yellow pan trap than yellow sticky trap. Aphids were first observed in traps during third week of December and the population of pests gradually increased to reach the peak in second week of February in the first year of study (2006-07) while in second year of study (2007-08) the aphid population appeared in seco...
B. Ramanujam, R. D. Prasad, S. Sriram and R. Rangeswaran
Mass production, formulation, quality control and delivery of Trichoderma for plant disease management
...rameters set by CIB are inadequate for knowing potentiality of a bioagent. Apart from the counts of live propagules in the formulation, bioefficacy also should be taken as a quality parameter to ensure availability of better products to farmers. Keywords : Trichoderma, mass production, formulation quality control, registration delivery, shelf-life, disease management.
...
1S. A. Khan and 2S. Jha
Effect of dates of sowing, moisture regimes, varieties and weather factors on incidences of aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) in rape and mustard
...stand aphid population dynamics during different phases of growth of rainfed vis-à-vis irrigated rape and mustard crops, and work out relationships between aphid population and weather parameters for its forewarning. Results revealed that initial incidence times of aphid varied from 19 November to 3 December, depending upon dates of sowing done during 1 October to 5 November, which fall under recommended dates of sowing. In crops sown during 22 October ...
1Parvin Noor and 2Md. Nashir Uddin
Morphological changes of different castes of the subterranean termites (Odontotermes proformosanus) in fungus combs of termitophiles
...he subfamily Macrotermitinae have the extra-ordinary phenomena of making fungus combs inside the termitophiles. Considering the consistency of fungus-bed in the termitophiles, an attempt has been made to observe the morphological changes of nymphs while they stayed within the fungus comb. Biological attributes indicated that Odontotermes proformosanus are polymorphic in
1Bikash Ranjan Ray and 2Mrinal Kanti Dasgupta
Management of root holoparasite Aeginetia pedunculata of (Orobanchaceae), causing wilt of sugarcane by trap and catch crops
...on-specific integrated management schedule of the parasite, crops, other than sugarcane, grown in the target area were evaluated for their potential as trap and catch crops of the parasite. Twelve crops, selected on the basis of germination induction test of A. pedunculata seeds on root exudates as compared to that of three germination inducing chemicals (viz.; NaOCl, TTC (2,3,5-triphenyl ...
K.N. Ahmed and M.R. Hasan
Sudden outbreak of mealy bug and armoured scale causing severe damage to economic crops in Bangladesh
...as become polyphagous in nature. Based on laboratory studies on immature and mature fruits of lady's finger; the total period of all four nymphal stages lasted for 32.6 ± 4.17 days at an average room temperature of 28 ± 2ºC and 70-75% RH during September, 2009. Male mealybug has a short life span of 3.0 ± 0.21 days. Females live for nearly 80.7 ± 10.43 days with an oviposition period of approximately 21 days. This mealybug is c...
Sitansu Pan and N. K. Mishra
Epidemiological studies on some diseases of guava (Psidium guajava L.)
...rot (Phytophthora nicotianae var parasitica) of guava were analysed for predictive purpose from regression equations. The simple correlation coefficient matrix showed significantly positive correlation of canker severity with maximum relative humidity at 1% level whereas, anthracnose correlated well with minimum relative humidity, temperature and number of rainy days at 5% level. The negative correlation was obtained for ste...
Bijan Kumar Das
Incidence of Aleurocanthus spp. (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) on betelvine (Piper betle L.) and their interaction with host plants
...eases, aggravated by the nature of the plantation. A good number of hemipteran insect pests occur in betelvine ecosystem which dwindle betelvine yield potentiality. Among these, the polyphagous betelvine blackfly, Aleurocanthus rugosa Singh (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) is a major pest causing severe damage to the foliage in the conservatories (borojas) of West Bengal. The seasonal incidence of A. rugosa in boroja was recorded du...
Bushra Afreen, Geetesh Baghel, Akil A. Khan and Q.A. Naqvi
Virus- vector relationship of yellow vein disease of calendula and the whitefly
...sease on Calendula officinalis L. was transmitted from naturally infected C. officinalis to healthy seedlings of C. officinalis through whiteflies not through sap inoculation. A single whitefly could transmit the virus and showed 20.55% infection and fifteen whiteflies were required for 100 percent transmission. The minimum acquisition access feeding per...
S. K. Dutta, S. Roy Chowdhuri, D. Pandit and A. K. Bajpai
Rot diseases of muga host, Som (Persea bombycina) in Assam, India
...tify">Som (Persea bombycina, King. ex Hook. f. Kost.), the primary food plant of muga silkworm, (Antheraea assamensis Helfer) growing mainly in North Eastern region and Uttaranchal State in India. India is unique in producing the golden muga silk and has monopoly in global silk market grows up to 20-25 meters and survives for 18-20 years. Pollarding of Som plant at 6 ft height is a common practice in North Eastern region of India for controlled rearing (outdoo...
Sitansu Pan and Someshwar Bhagat
Biological control of plant diseases
...eems to be the best alternative for plant disease control. It is ecofriendly, reliable, cost effective and is an integral component of integrated plant disease management framework for sustainable crop production. A considerable number of biocontrol agents have been established successfully for their bioconrol potential including strains belonging to bacterial genera such as Agrobacterium,...
Debjani Chowdhury, P. C. Paul and B. Dasgupta
Management of leaf spot of Centella asiatica (Thankuni) caused by Alternaria sp. and target leaf spot of Rauvolfia serpentina (Sarpagandha) caused by Corynespora cassicola
...Thankuni) caused by Alternaria sp. and target leaf spot of Rauvolfia serpentina (Sarpagandha) caused by Corynespora cassicola by spraying three fungicides (carbendazim at 0.1%, mancozeb at 0.025% and blitox at 0.25%) and four biocontrol agents (Trichoderma viride at 107 cfu / ml, T. harzianum at 107 cfu / ml, Pseudomonas fluorescens at 108 cell / ml and Biomona
Sitansu Pan and Amrita Das
Population proliferation and spread of Trichoderma spp. in soil under two different delivery systems
...terilized, solarised and natural) clay loam soil at 50% water holding capacity (pH 6.5) was studied both under laboratory and field conditions following two types of delivery systems, through organic based (vermicompost + neem cake (90% + 10% w/w)) and seed based (sterilized wheat seed) inocula. The population proliferation and spread of the antagonists were faster when they were applied through organic based inoculums over that of seed based inoculums from th...
K.N. Ahmed , M.A. Al-Helal, N-E-P. Khanom, S. Bulbul
Control strategies of papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Willink infesting vegetable crops in Bangladesh
...ealybug, Paracoccus marginatus (Williams & Willink) colonize the ventral surface of the papaya leaves along the veins and later disperse to the unripe fruits rendering them unmarketable and inedible. The damage appeared to be in the range between 70 and 95 per cent. Generally young plants die due to heavy infestation and colony formation of the mealybug. P. marginatus is a polyphagous pest attacking several agricultural,...
M. S. A. Mamun and M. Ahmed
Integrated pest management in tea: prospects and future strategies in Bangladesh
...o-friendly insect pest management practices emphasize the host plant resistance, preparation and application methods of new botanicals and microbial pesticide formulations, evaluation of field bio-efficacy and conservation of biological agents, cultural control measures, genetic techniques and sex pheromones technology. In tea husbandry, cultural control measures such as plucking, pruning, shade regulation, field sanitation, fertilizer application, manipulatio...
Nilesh Suresh Gole and Bijan Kumar Das
Biology of Dichromia sagitta (Fabricius) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera), a serious pest of Indian ipecac, Tylophora indica
...l, is an important medicinal plant in the family Asclepiadaceae, indigenous to India. In West Bengal, we observed the herb to be heavily infested by a defoliator pest, Dichromia sagitta (Fabricius) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera). A study was conducted in the field and laboratory of All India Coordinated Research Project on Medicinal & Aromatic Plants and Betelvine (AICRP on MAPB) at Bidhan C...
Sitansu Pan and Amrita Das
Control of cowpea (Vigna sinensis) root and collar rot (Rhizoctonia solani) with some organic formulations of Trichoderma harzianum under field condition
...gn: justify;">Cowpea (Vigna sinensis) has been considered as an important legume fodder and green manure crop during pre-kharif and kharif season. It has been considered even better in performance than maize. In some parts of India it is also used as green vegetable and pulse. The crop is known to suffer from a variety of diseases. Among those root rot and collar rot are important and R. solani has been an important factor behind these two main diseases. A fie...
SK Fashi Alam, Atanu Seni and Ajoy K Sahoo
Biology of the mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera) on sprouted potato and brinjal plant
...ogy of the mealy bug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley was studied on brinjal plant and sprouted potato tubers in the laboratory. The female nymphs moulted three times for becoming adults while the male took four moultings. The female and male nymphs completed development in 14.45± 0.96 days and 19.53±1 days, respectively on brinjal plant at 20-36.2° C temperature and 15.1±1 days and 18±0.82 days respectively on sprouted potato. T...
Amitava Konar, Kiran A. More and Pradip Mondal
Efficacy of some insecticides against cutworm and molecricket of potato in West Bengal
...icket (Gryllotalpa africana P. de Beau; Gryllotalpidae: Orthoptera) infesting potato at Adisaptagram Block Seed Farm, Mogra, Hooghly, West Bengal (India) during 2007-08 and 2008-09. The field trial was conducted in Randomized Block Design with six treatments and five replications. Among the various treatments for managing soil pests of potato (cv. Kufri Bahar) i.e. cutworm and molecricket soil treatment of phorate 10 G @ 15k...
A. Regupathy and R. Ayyasamy
Initiatives of papain industry by private-public-farmer link-ages in classical biocontrol program for papaya mealybug in Tamil Nadu
...ug (PMB)-Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink) in 2006 caused major concern in papain production. The need for repeated application of insecticides and dearth of labour for application of insecticides made it difficult for the farmers to maintain the crop and forced many farmers to even abandon papaya crop cultivation altogether. Considering the drastic reduction in the wet latex supply, SPFP has taken up se...
P.S. Ajith, K.K. Lakshmesha, S. Mahadev Murthy and N. Lakshmidevi
Botanicals for control of anthracnose of bell peppers
...ood technique, seed germination and under green house experiments for control of Colletotrichum capsici, fungal pathogen responsible for anthracnose disease in bell peppers (Capsicum frutescence L.). The results showed that all the selected plants have potential to inhibit the radial mycelial growth of C. capsici in-vitro. The plant extract from C. aromaticus at 50% concentration showed 42% radial mycelial growth inhibition in poisoned food technique, whereas ...
S.K. Sahoo
Incidence and management of mustard aphid (Lipaphis ery-simi Kaltenbach) in West Bengal
...;s incidence and their management during the winter seasons of 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12 at the Pulses and Oilseeds Research Station, Berhampore, West Bengal (India). The natural appearances of the aphid on the yellow sarson variety, Binoy (B-9) was observed from 52nd standard week, with the peak population on 6th standard week and the aphid disappeared after 10th standard week. Among the different chemical insecticides e...
Goutam Samui and Shantanu Jha
Branch gall of mango (Oligotrophus mangiferae Keiffer) its bioecology and management
...he biology, population dynamics and management of this pest. Branch gall is a univoltine species. Emergence of adults from gall could be found from 2nd week of February, which continued up to 2nd week of March. Incubation, larval and pupal period lasted for 3-5 days, 315 days and 30-45 days, respectively. Eggs were laid singly throughout the young vegetative shoots by puncturing the tissue. A full grown larva was yellow in c...
Md Riton Choudhury, Koushik Brahmachari, Sudeshna Kar and Rupayan Deb
Integration of weed management practices in rice-potato-groundnut cropping sequence
...fect of different weed management measures (e.g. hand weeding, herbicides, mulching etc.) on the yield of crops in sequence and cost effectiveness of different weed control measures. Rice exhibited the maximum yield when treated with two hand weedings, but it may be profitably replaced by the application of herbicides. From the point of eco-safety measures and economy, combination of hand weeding and mulching can be judiciou...
Madhuban Gopal, Rajesh Kumar and Arunava Goswami
Nano-pesticides - A recent approach for pest control
...lign="justify">Indiscriminate use of synthetic chemical pesticides has led to several environmental problems such as resistance and environment pollution. Nanotechnology visualized as a rapidly evolving field has potential to revolutionize agriculture and food systems. We utilized nano-technological interventions for developing nanopesticides with potent fungicidal and miticidal properties...
M. A. Al-Helal, K. N. Ahmed, N-E-P. Khanom, and S. Bulbul
Observations on papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Willink (Hemiptera : Pseudococcidae) damag-ing some crops in Bangladesh
...ealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink is a small Hemipteran insect belonging to the Family Pseudococcidae was recorded from immature, mature papaya fruits and foliages from BCSIR Vegetable Garden during March, 2011. It is a small polyphagous insect pest sucking saps from the attacking fruits and leaves. P. marginatus passes through egg and three nymphal stages to b...
Goutam Mondal
Plant growth promoting activity of some indigenous Tricho-derma isolates and their field performance against sheath blight of rice in old alluvial zone of North Bengal
...l-borne plant pathogens, namely, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (Padw.) Matuo. and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn. Efficacy in plant growth promoting activity of all the isolates was also tested on cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var botrytis L.), chilli (Capsicum frutescens L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) with culture filtrate of biocontrol agents and found both positive and negative effect on seed germination...
Biswajit Pramanick, Sruti Karmakar, Koushik Brahmachari, Rupayan Deb
An integration of weed management practices in potato un-der New Alluvial soil
...cated thrice. The predominant weed flora in the experimental field of potato was Cyperus rotundas, Chenopodium album, Anagallis arvensis and Fumaria purviflora. The results revealed that the maximum tuber yield and return per rupee invested vis-à-vis the maximum N, P, K uptake by potato and the minimum uptake of N, P and K by weeds emerged in the potato field were recorded under the treatment T3 (hand weeding at 20 DA...
M.A. Pendse, P.P. Karwande and M.N. Limaye
Past, present and future of nematophagous fungi as bio-agent to control plant parasitic nematodes
...nes for organized, coordinated research to i) screen different strains of NF that are tolerant to antagonism by other fungi, and ii) develop a bioagent based on nematophagous fungi which will show consistent success for the controlling of phytonematodes are also suggested....
A.A. Oyerinde, P.Z. Chuwang, P.Z. and G.T. Oyerinde
Evaluation of the effects of climate change on increased in-cidence of cowpea pests in Nigeria
...e advent of increased fauna on cowpea established in this study portrayed a need to find possible ways to reduce the emission of Greenhouse gases in the region in order to ameliorate the effects of induced global warming on cowpea production in the country and also provide effective control of the identified pest in order to maintain or stall resurgence. ...
Dipak Mandal, Paramita Bhowmik, Pronobesh Halder and M. L. Chatterjee
Determination of relative toxicity and base line data of dif-ferent insecticides against cotton mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley)
...s of cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis in the Department of Agricultural Entomology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV), Mohanpur during 2012. Both treated food untreated insect and treated food treated insect methods were followed. The lowest LC50 values through treated food untreated insect method were recorded in chlorpyriphos 20 EC (226 ppm) and dichlorvos 75 EC (282 ppm) in treated food treated insect method, which was 8.89 and 7.13 times m...
D. C. Khatua, B. Mondal and G. Saha
Bioassay of some agricultural chemicals, human drugs and disinfectants on Phytophthora melonis Katsura causing fruit and vine rot of pointed gourd
...ycin, griseofulvin, fluconazole and ketoconazole did not have any pronounced effect on mycelial growth, sporangia formation and its germination. None of the eight antibiotics used in this study prevented mycelial growth. No sporangia formation was recorded in five antibiotics viz. streptomycin sulphate + tetracycline hydrchloride, streptomycin sulphate, oxytetracycline hydrochloride, oflox...
S. Patra, V.W. Dhote, SK F. Alam, B.C. Das, M.L. Chatterjee and A. Samanta
Population dynamics of major insect pests and their natural enemies on cabbage under new alluvial zone of West Bengal
...: justify;">Population dynamics of major insect pests and their natural enemies on cabbage were studied at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV), Kalyani, West Bengal(India) during rabi season of 2011-12 and 2012-13. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Cabbage (cv Rareball) seedlings were transplanted in the plot of 9 m2 area with 45cm x 45cm spacing. Observation was recorded at ...
Abhijit Ghosal and M. L. Chatterjee
Bioefficacy of imidacloprid 17.8 SL against whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in brinjal
...efly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 50 g a.i./ha, was found superior against whiteflies among other treatments, received lowest number of whitefly population (1.55/plant) and offered maximum reduction of whiteflies (83.15%) as well as highest marketable fruit yield (146.50 q/ha). However, imidacloprid at lower doses showed nearly similar results. The other neonicotinoid, thiamethoxam also provided similar levels of protection as that of im...
D.K. Hazra, Megha Pant, S.K. Raza and P. K. Patanjali
Formulation technology: key parameters for food safety with respect to agrochemicals use in crop protection
...egarded now as ?conventional‘, ?old technology‘ or ?classical‘ or ?traditional‘ because of their increased in dose rate or repeated applications to get desired bioefficacy which lead to accumulation of pesticide residues in food commodities along with environmental pollution. Conventional formulations, because of their characteristics i.e. dustiness and use of volat...
Lakshman Chandra Patel and Chandan Kumar Mondal
Management of causal agents of chilli leaf curl complex through bio-friendly approaches
...ut the cost effec-tive management schedule to minimize the crop loss. Seven treatments were taken up for study including two chemicals i.e. profenophos and diafenthiuron, three ecofriendly approaches i.e. garlic extract, spirit and alternate use of garlic with spirit, one predator insect Chrysoperla carnea and untreated control. The lowest population of thrips, mites and white fly was recorded with application of diafenthiur...
Dharmishthabahen R. Shah and Abhishek Shukla
Reaction of gerbera cultivars to spider mite, Tetranychus urti-cae Koch (Tetranychidae: Acari) under polyhouse conditions
...t) whereas Venezia and Fana were tolerant to spider mite with 7.72 and 9.67 mites per plant, respectively. The gerbera cultivar C. F. Gold (13.31 mites/plant) and Stanza (15.56 mites/plant) were medium tol-erant under polyhouse conditions. On the basis of biomorphological characters cultivar stanza has maximum mite population having green coloured leaves and red coloured flowers, while the highly tolerant cultivar Cherany with dark green leaves and pink colour...
Rashid Pervez, Santhosh J. Eapen, S. Devasahayam and M. Dinsha
Characterization of entomopathogenic nematode, Stein-ernema carpocapsae from ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) rhizosphere in India
...b> sequences analysis. Phylogenetic was constructed for studying relationship with known isolates. Pathogenic potential of the isolate of S. carpocapsae (IISR-EPN 06) on the larva of shoot borer (Conogethes punctiferalis), hairy caterpillar (Euproctis sp.) and greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) was found under in vitro condition. Further this isolate displayed high virulence on above insect species. This study reported occurrence of a isolate of...
M. S. Joshi , D.M. Sawant and A.P. Gaikwad
Isolate variations in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides infecting pomegranate
... justify;">Eleven pomegranate varieties were tested against six isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides under controlled conditions. Inoculated fruits were assessed on the basis of virulence of the isolates and reaction of a particular variety was expressed in Disease Reaction Index (DRI). There was considerable variation in virulence and suscep-tibility within isolates and varieties. Isolate Cg 86 was found to be virulent (DRI 7.2), Cg 81 as less virulent ...
A. K. Ganguly and Uma Rao
Decades of researches in biochemical and molecular nematology at IARI
...erstand the molecular signaling events during compatible plant nematode interactions by identifying the genes during the transition from preparasitic to parasitic stage in ear cockle nematode and molya disease of wheat. Currently attempts are being made to utilize RNAi technology to identify the genes targets for the management of root knot and cyst nema...
Anjan Bhattacharyya, Suhrid Ranjan Barik & Pritam Ganguly
New pesticide molecules, formulation technology and uses: Present status and future challenges
...ucts from non-selective, naturally occurring compounds to highly specific synthetic and biological materials for assured food production and protection of environment since long time. There is a sequential rise in the production and consumption of pesticides in India during the last three decades. Researches are going on to develop safer molecules which could undergo photo-degradation, microbial degradation as well as chemical degradation leaving very less amo...
Goutam Samui and S. Jha
Biology, seasonal incidence and management of Apsylla cistellata Bucton. on mango in West Bengal
...ot give good result in managing the pest. Hence, application of insecticides had to be synchronized with the emergence of nymphs. To manage the shoot gall psylla, mechanical control (Pruning) and insecticidal control measure were taken up in the district of Murshidabad. In mechanical control, both pruning of 15 cm and 30 cm of affected shoots resulted in the formation of lower number of gall/shoot as compared to control. But...
Amitava Konar and N. Johnson Singh
Occurrence of aphids on various potato germplasms in eastern gangetic plains of West Bengal
...pattern and population dynamics of aphids on various potato germplasms. The common potato germplasms viz Kufri Chandramukhi, Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Jawhar along with three processing varieties like Kufri Chipsona-1, Kufri Chipsona-2 and Atlantic were screened against aphids. Potato seed tuber was planted by end of November following all standard agronomic practices except insecticide applicati...
Anil Sehajpal, Saroj Arora and Parminder Kaur
Evaluation of plant extracts against Rhizoctonia solani causing sheath blight of rice
...us alba, Thevatia peruviana, and Withania somnifera did not exert any effect. Among all the plant extracts, A. sativum exhibited strong fungitoxicity even at the lowest concentration, i.e. 100 ppm, with relative magnitude of inhibition 2.0 mm against the pathogen R. Solani. With regard to the effect of 8 plant oil samples tested, it was noticed that the oil of Syzygium aromaticum showed strong inhibition i.e. 7.5 mm at 1000ppm whereas Helianthus annus and Oryz...
S. Pal, H. Banerjee and N. N. Mandal
Efficacy of low dose of herbicides against weeds in transplanted kharif rice (Oryza sativa L.)
...rice was studied at Regional Research Sub-Station (New Alluvial Zone), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Chakdaha, Nadia, West Bengal. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with 7 treatments and 3 replications. The results revealed that the major weed flora associated with the transplanted rice during kharif season was mainly comprised of Echinochloa colona (30 %), Cyperus difformis (20 %), Monochoria ...
Someshwar Bhagat and Sitansu Pan
Comparative ecological behaviour of some pre- and post-tsunami isolates of Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride from Andaman & Nicobar Islands
...of some pre- and post Tsunami isolates of Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, was undertaken to assess the effect on some ecological behavoiur of these biocontrol agents. All the isolates showed better parasitic ability and rhizosphere colonization when the competition of other organisms withdrawn compared to natural and sun dried soil. Both competitive parasitic behaviour and rhi...
Dhananjoy Mandal
Eco-friendly management of mealybug and wilt in pineapple
...hopra, Islampur, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, for eco-friendly pest management of mealy bug, Dysmicoccus brevipes Cockerell in pineapple, the treatments were: T1 [Farmers’ practice: phorate 10 G @ 20 kgha-1 during planting + monocrotophos 36% EC @ 0.03% at 100 DAP + endosulfan 35% EC @ 0.02% during 150-180 DAP]; T2 [Treating planting materials (basal portion) with monocrotophos 36% EC @ 0.02% + phorate 10 G @ 15 kg ha-...
Dhananjoy Mandal 2K. Baral 3M. K. Dasgupta
Developing site-specific appropriate precision agriculture
...culture and controlled management of a single major soil borne pathogen or pest across vast cultivated area but not for the peasant farming or the pest complex ridden unaided agriculture as in India. PA is not about an abstract of characterization. The specific values indicating variations in population at exact grids and helping the individual farmer in decision-making in pest management ...
Partha Pratim Ghosh and 2N. C. Mandal
Some disease management practices for bacterial wilt of potato
...lt [c.o. - Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al.] is one of the threatening potato diseases. To study the effect of some disease management practices in potato, an investigation was conducted in slightly acidic (pH 5.62) loamy sand soil with medium fertility status in a Randomised Block Design with three replicates and seven treatment modules, as described in Materials & Methods. Investigation revealed that T1 (...
T. P. Ghosh, D. Mandal, S. Laha and M. K. Dasgupta
Dynamics and severity model in managing fungal diseases
...t commercial perennial ornamentals in gardens and nurseries at Bolpur, Santiniketan and Sriniketan of Birbhum District, West Bengal, India, to study the fungal diseases of some commercial ornamentals. The leaf spot of Ficus religiosa (c.o. Alternaria sp.) is the first record. Fifteen fungal diseases have been formally described from West Bengal for the first time on these twelve or
K. K. Hegde and B. S. Nandihalli
Bioefficacy of some indigenous products in the management of okra fruit borers
...individually and in combinations along with endosulfan (0.07%) and untreated control. Repeated sprays of GCKE recorded least number of eggs (1.40 eggs/plant) followed by NSKE (5%) alternated with cow dung 10 per cent (1.71 eggs/plant). Repeated sprays of cow dung and cow urine used individually were not effective against the borers and recorded higher fruit damage of 55.70 and 52.10 per cent, respectively. GCKE was significa...
B. S. Nandihalli
Utilization of botanicals in the management of the coconut perianth mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer
...n of botanicals in the management of the coconut perianth mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer was conducted at Main Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad, Karnataka during 2003-04 with nine treatments. The results of the present study indicated that among different botanicals, NSKE 5 percent was found significantly superior in reducing the mite population with higher healthy nuts (81 nuts 4 bunches), least percent of damaged nu...
Shekharappa
Biological control of earhead caterpillar, Helicoverpea armigera Hubner in sorghum
...% @ 30 kg.ha-1 for the management of ear head caterpillar (H. armigera) in sorghum ecosystem of University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. The mycoinsecticide N. rileyi was highly infective at both the dosages 1x108 conidia per litre & 2x108 conidia per litre against H. armigera as compared to Ha NPV 250 LE per hectare and chemical control in mitigating the pest population as well as in obtaining the higher yield.
...
Sujoy Mondal and S. S. Ghatak
Bioefficacy of some indigenous plant extracts against epilachna beetle (Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata Fabr.) infesting cucumber
...Viswavidyalaya Instructional Farm during 2004–05 to find out the impact of plant derived pesticides viz; Neem Azal, Rhizome extracts of Acorus calamus with petroleum ether as solvent and seed extracts of Annona squamosa with methanol as solvent in controlling epilachna beetle, Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata, Fabr; Both Neem Azal and seed extrac...
Manidipa Chowdhury
Incidence of saw fly, Athalia lugens proxima Klug. as influenced by level of irrigation and fertilizers on mustard
...nducted in the Instructional farm of Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal in two successive Rabi seasons of 2005-06 and 2006-07with an objective to study the incidence of saw fly (Athalia lugens proxima Klug.) as influenced by level of irrigation and fertilizers on mustard c.v. NC-1 (Jhumka) of Brassica campestris var. yellow sarson. Highest saw fly population (0.26 larvae/plant) was recorded on the crop grown without irrigati...
S. Choudhury and S. Pal
Population dynamics of mustard aphid on different Brassica cultivars under terai agro-ecological conditions of West Bengal
...nducted at the Instructional Farm of Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar during rabi season of 2002-03 and 2003-04 to study the population dynamics of mustard aphid on seven popular rapeseed-mustard cultivars. The incidence of aphid commenced from 52nd to 2nd standard week with a very low population levels on all the cultivars. The aphid (Lipaphis erysimi) population attained peak level from 7th to 9th ...
N. Mandi and A. K. Senapati
Integration of chemical botanical and microbial insecticides for control of thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood infesting chilli
...ss of different conventional & eco-friendly insecticide (synthetic and biological origin) against thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood) infesting chilli (Capsicum frutescens). The effectiveness of four insecticides acetamiprid 0.004% (Dhanpreet – 20% SP), thiamethoxam 0.005% (Avant-25% WG), neem pesticide 0.4% (ultineem 1% W/W) and Bacillus thuringiensis, subsp. kurstaki (BT) at gL-1 was evaluated in the field of Coastal Saline Zone of West Bengal agai...
V. N. Jalgaonkar, M. S. Gawankar, V. W. Bendale and P. D. Patil
Efficacy of some insecticides against cashew tea mosquito bug Helopeltis antonii Sign
...shew Research Farm, Regional Fruit Research station, Vengurle, Dist. Sindhudurg, (M.S.) with an objective to identify an alternative insecticide for management of Tea Mosquito Bug relative to the recommended spray schedule. The results indicated that out of six treatments selected, the treatment of 0.003% lambda-cyhalothrin was observed significantly superior over all other treatments foll...
S. Pal and I. Sarkar
Pests infesting ornamental plants in hilly region of West Bengal
...d included gladiolus, carnation, anthurium, gerbera, china rose, chrysanthemum, Bird of Paradise, Straw flower. A number of aphid species were found infesting different ornamental plants viz. Myzus persicae on Carnation, gerbera and Anthurium; Macrosiphoniella sanborni on Chrysanthemum; Aphis gossypii on China rose. Ot...
Zhensheng Liu1,2, Hui Gao1,2, Jiapeng Dong1, Mingming Zhang3 and Liwei Teng1,2,*
...>Blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) is a sexually dimorphic ungulate. In general, males are larger than females and the two sexes live in separate groups outside the breeding season. We studied the seasonal activity of blue sheep from May 2010 through August 2012 to test the activity budget hypothesis, which predicts that females spend more time on feeding and that the activity synchronization of same-sex groups is higher t...
Bao-Ming Ge* Dai-Zhen Zhang, Qiu-Ning Liu, Sen-Hao Jiang, Jun Cui, Chun-Lin Zhou and Bo-Ping Tang
...ed coast in Yancheng, China. The aggregated distribution of A. vulgare population was found by Taylor’s power law and Iowa’s patchiness regression methods in each season (P< 0.001). The abundances were markedly affected by habitat type (F5,120 = 49.409, P < 0.001) and season (F3,120 = 13.577, P < 0.001), however, there was no significant interaction of habitat type and season (F15,120 = 0.529, P = 0....
Beenish Zahid1,*, Asim Aslam2, Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry2 and Raheela Akhtar2
... by inoculating in embryonated chicken eggs through chorioallantoic membrane. The two hundred birds were divided into 4 groups A, B, C and D). The birds in group A were commercial broiler chicks having maternal derived antibodies and were challenged with IBDV field isolate at the rate of 0.1ml of EID50 (virus titer 105.50/100μl) on 2nd week of age through eye drops. Group B specific antibody negative...
Muhammad Mansoor, Zaigham Abbas and Nageen Husssain*
...C3c, glucose level and renal damage. We detected increased symptoms of arthritis and gastrointestinal tract involvement in gluten containing diet group compared with standard diet disease control group. ANA autoantibodies, C3c and renal damage between gluten and standard diet group was non-significant. The remission of...
Jakub Jan Skorupski
...growth hormone gene was analyzed. For this purpose set of 3 amplicons were sequenced, including 5’-UTR and all exons and introns. The study involved 389 animals. The sequencing results revealed the presence of 5 exons (10 bp, 161 bp, 117 bp, 162 bp, 201 bp) and 4 introns (245 bp, 171 bp, 176 bp, 290 bp), with a total length of 1745 bp. Fourteen polymorphic variable sites were identified: 12 SNP substitutions, one single nucleotide deletion and one ins/de...
Nasreen Memon1,*, Rukhsana Parveen2 and Imtiaz Ahmad2, Nadir Ali Shah3
...nt gland apparatus, external and internal male and female genitalia. A key of nine species is also given.
...
Bushra Niaz1,*, Tahir Zahoor1, Muhammad Atif Randhawa1 and Amer Jamil2
...ctoferrin, a multifunctional glycoprotein, occurring as awhey constitute in milk secretions of animals and humandisplays a variety of antimicrobial, antioxidant and immunomodulatory as well as a number of other biological functions. Its potential can be exploited in several food applications. Keeping in view the increased demand of natural antimicrobial agents to control prevalence of food borne pathogens in fi
Song Li1,* and Zuojian Feng2
...tward to southwestern China, stretching across the whole southern Himalayan mountains. However, relatively little work has been performed on mapping its geographic variations in China. In this study, we used 45 P. albiventer specimens from Xizang and Yunnan in China to conduct multivariate analyses and calculate...
Freeha John, Noor Abid Saeed*, Sajid Nadeem and Muhammad Hamed
...insecticide sprays for managing aphids to avoid losses to grain yield. During the crop season in year 2015-16, wheat variety (Millat 2011) was sown on three planting dates: mid Nov (crop 1), end Nov (crop 2), and mid Dec (crop 3). Trial was laid out in split plot design having three replications. Planting dates were kept in main plots while, insecticide treatments were kept in sub plots. Incidence of aphid population was found in mid January. Three species of ...
Yasemin Bircan Yildirim* and Hediye Tugce Vurmay
...oniae and Pseudomonas fluorescens were isolated from the fish intestine samples. E. aerogenes (68.4%), Serratia spp. (53.3%), E. cloacae (50%) and K. pneumoniae (44.4%) showed high level of resistance against ampicillin. K. pneumoniae also showed high resistance against Cefepime (52.9%) and Ciprofloxacin (47.1%). Pseudomonas species exhibited high level of resistanc...
Ayesha Zahid,Ammara Muazzam, Sidra Mustafa, Saba Irshad*,Malik Siddique Mahmood and Rehman Shahzad
... of lens opaqueness and inappropriate growth of fiber cells. In the present study, a novel G to C substitution (1104G>C) (pE368Q) was screened by PCR-SSCP in exon 2 of GJA8 and this tansversion altered exceedingly conserved glutamic acid to glutamine at site which was involved in coding of ASF1 like histone chaperone. Further presumption based on structural and functional analysis of mu...
Rauf Ahmad1, Karam Ahad2 and Aziz Ullah Shah3
...h; HRY 51-70%), 23% marginal (HRY 40 – 50%) and 18% below limit (< 40%). Physically, 60% samples were extra-long size, slender shape and coarse type. Nineteen percent samples were long or medium size but slender shape and coarse type as well. Whereas, 21% sample were short or medium size only. Regarding cooking quality, 60% samples were excellent or good and 30% were OK (poor quality). The cooking quality of 10% sample was very poor. Overall 50% candi...
Mousa Keshavarz1*, Maryam Soyuf Jahromi2
...etra mathaei are dominant in patches along the rocky coasts between the average low tide and a maximum depth of 5 m. In the current study, it was monitored monthly 217 individuals from Bandar Lengeh (26˚32ʹ28̋ N, 54˚52ʹ28̋ E; water depth: 0.5 to 1 m) during March to September, 2014. Their genders were obtained by dissection. The aim of this study was to determine the sexual ratio in their population and to see if they effect t...
Madeeha Arshad1, Naveed Ahmad2,*, Muhammad Khalid3, Asmatullah1, Mohammad Tahir2, Khadija Naveed1 and Asia Iqbal4
... VI, administered to pregnant mice. LD50 of Cr VI, was calculated as 88mg/kg of B.W in pregnant mice. Among 05 groups of pregnant females (10 females in each group), three were treated with 50%, 25% and 12.5% of the LD50 of Cr VI, respectively, with one control and one vehicle control group. Fetuses were recovered on 18th day of gestation and fixed for morp...
Jia-xiang Wang1,2,* and Peng Li1,2
...ebellum and gastrointestinal tract of African ostrich chicks, little is known about its distribution in the pancreas ofthe African ostrich. In the present study, the distribution and morphological characteristics of ghrelin-immunopositive cells in the African ostrich pancreas were investigated using immunohistochemistry. Our results indicate that the pancreas is divided into twosections: the exocrine and endocrine portion.The exocrine portionis comprised of pe...
P.P. Ghosh*, C. Ghosh, B. Mahato, A. Chakraborty, S.K. Bhattacharya and M.K. Bhattacharjya
...injal (Solanum melongena L.) production under the acidic soil condition of Purulia district of West Bengal resulted in 20-30% yield loss every year. The present participatory action research was aimed to study the (i) adeptness of integrated module of prophylactic soil disinfection and bio-control, (ii) only prophylactic soil disinfection, and (iii) only curative soil disinfection over uprooting and destruction of diseased plants (farmers’ practic...
1Sitesh Chatterjee, 1Chirasree Gangopadhyay and 2Santosh Kumar Roy
...of nursery that can be managed better way as compared to transplanted field. In the present study, chlorantraniliprole granule was applied both in seedbed and transplanted field along with spraying of some new generation insecticides like indoxacarb, flubendiamide, spinosad and chlorantraniliprole to test their efficacy against different rice insect-pests. The study found that whorl maggot can be managed properly in seedbed ...
P.P. Ghosh*, A. Chakraborty, S.K. Bhattacharya, C. Ghosh, B. Mahato and M.K. Bhattacharjya
...tify;">Black gram (Vigna mungo L.) is widely cultivated during May to September under the rainfed unbunded uplands of Purulia, West Bengal and the produces are stored by farmers under homestead condition for the purpose of consumption and seed for the next year sowing. Callosobruchus sp.(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is the major stored grain pest of blackgram under homestead condition resulting 15 – 30% grain damage during storage. An attempt...
Mohammed M. Ibrahim1,2*, Y.S. Chandel1 and Anil3
.../i> and A. mellifera anatoliaca.
...
Obaidullah1, Zafar Ali Shah1* and Sami Ullah2
... isolate Lapachol (1, 4- naphthoquinone) from heterophragma adenophyllum seem and to synthesize its copper and silver nanoparticles followed by their antibacterial assessment. Lapachol was isolated from stem heartwood of heterophragma adenophyllum seem through column chromatographic technique. Characterization of Lapachol was carried through melting point assessment and running its comparative TLC against standard, added wit...
Elvera Monin, B. Dasgupta, Palash Chandra Paul, Jayanta Saha and Srikanta Das
Gadeeyya G and Ratna Kumar P.K.
...primary investigation of natural enemies which may became promising biocontrol agents. A total of 7 weed plants include Commelina benghalensis, Cyperus rotundus, Crotalaria verrucosa, Digera muricata, Sida cordifolia, Ipomoea pestigridis and Trianthema portulacastrum were selected for in vitro studies. Fungal isolates namely Ascochyta cypericola, Bipolaris sp., ...
Fariha Imtiaz1, Muhammad Islam1, Hamid Saeed2,*, Bushra Saleem1, Maryam Asghar1 and Zikria Saleem2
... methods. Phytochemical analysis of leaves was performed on powder and extracts of leaves using already reported methods. Mineral analysis was done using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Hair growth promoting effects were examined using alopecia mouse model. Phytochemical analysis demonstrated the presence of higherquantities of carbohydrates, proteins and secondary metabolites in meth...
Mahmoud Said1*, Abd El Satar Arafa1, Mohammed A. Rohaim2* and Hussein A. Hussein2
...Egypt and extensive vaccinations are being applied for chicken flocks, which have maternal derived antibodies (MDA) for these viruses. To understand the interference of maternal derived immunity impact of maternal derived immunity interference in vaccination regimen in poultry, a total of one hundred day old commercial...
Hussein Aly Hussein1*, Omneya Mohamed Khattab2, Shereen Mohamed Aly2, and Mohammed Abdel Mohsen Rohaim1
...ools. In this study, we analysed the G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor (GPCR) genes of two LSDV isolates from Ixodid (hard) ticks (Amblyomma hebraeum) in Egypt. Multiple alignments of the nucleotide sequences revealed that both isolates had nine nucleotide mutations in comparison with the local reference strain, LSDV-Egypt/89 Ismalia. Compared with the GPCR sequences of SPV and GPV strains, 21 nucleotide insertion and 12 nucleotides deletions were identifie...
Amir Ismail1, Muhammad Riaz1,2*, Saeed Akhtar1, Amjad Farooq3, Muhammad Arif Shahzad1 and Ahmad Mujtaba4
... five heavy metals were analyzed in the milk samples of cow, buffalo and goat. The level of Pb was found to exceed the maximum permissible limit (0.02 µg/g) set by Codex Alimentarius Commission in 53% milk samples. In 44% milk samples the level of Cd was found to exceed the permissible limit (0.0026 µg/g) set by International Dairy Federation (1979). The mean levels of Ni, Cu a...
Mehmet Avci1, Recep Aydin1,* and Jale Metin Kiyici2
...group were supplied with natural roughage and concentrate feed separately. The calves were supplied with milk at about 8% of their birth weights and weaned at 49th day. Mixed chopped and separate natural supply of roughage and concentrate feed did not created any significant differences in live weights, daily weight gains, feed conversion ratios and behavioral characteristics of the calves.
...
Baohua Chen1,2, Wenzhu Peng3, Jian Xu2, Jingyan Feng1,2, Chuanju Dong1,2 and Peng Xu2,3,*
...on. They are multifunctional enzymes that play a crucial role in cellular detoxification and oxidative stress tolerance. Comparing with that in mammals, investigation of GSTs is more complicated in teleosts because of the greater pressure they suffer in aquatic environment. In this study, we identified a set of 27 GSTs including 8 classes of members in common carp genome. Both sequences alignment and phylogenetic analysis ex...
Erol Akkuzu1,*, Hidayet Güzel2 and Özkan Evcin1
...fluence the population dynamics and severity of damage in a forest. This study investigated the effects of stand composition and site index of pine forests on Ips sexdentatus (Boerner) populations. Two main objectives of this study were a) to compare the effects of two different black pine stands of site index-I (high site productivity) and site index-III (low site productivity) and b) to compare the pure and mixed pine forests concerning the abundance ...
Naimat Ullah Khan1,2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Nisar Ahmad3, Ayesha Hassan1, Sultan Ayaz2, Sajid Umar4, Muhammad Luqman Sohail5,*, Muhammad Shafee6, Ikramullah Khan7, Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Azmat Ullah Khan8, Naimat Ullah Malik1 and Abdul Razzaq9
...h district. Statistical analysis revealed significant difference (P<0.05) among children of different age groups with highest disease prevalence in children of less than 5 years of age (21.40%) and lowest in children of 11-15 years of age (15.99%). Cryptosporidium was significantly higher (P<0.05) in study subjects having livestock animal contact and persistent diarrhea, highlighting its zoonotic potential from livestock animals to human beings in...
Rafi Ullah1, Sarzamin Khan1,*, Abdul Hafeez1, Asad Sultan1, Nazir Ahmad Khan2, Naila Chand1 and Naseer Ahmad1
Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1,*, Riyadh S. Aljumaah1, Moez Ayadi1 and Shabana Naz2
...m yield and biochemical analysis at parturition was also determined. A significant (P<0.05) increase of calcium (Ca), Zn, Co and Se levels in blood of ewes treated with bolus with a significant increase in phosphorous (P), Co and Se in the blood of their newborn lambs. Furthermore, a significantly higher (P<0.05) inorganic matter percentage in colostrum was found in treated group compared to the control. The body weight of lambs in treated group at 30 an...
Wenqiao Hui1, Jishun Tang1, Dejian Zhu1, Qian Ban2* and Sheng Chen1*
...y. Anhui white goat is a native Chinese breed, with the characters of early time puberty onset and high fecundity. However, the molecular mechanism of puberty onset has not been well understood. It has been demonstrated leptin act as a critical metabolic cue linking adipose and the onset of puberty. In the present study, we first assessed the morphological changes in adipose tissue at pre-puberty and puberty onset stages of goats, and then determined the role ...
Table of Contents for Pakistan Journal of Zoology, Volume 49, Number 3, June 2017
Ahmad Ali1,*, Sheikh Muhammad Azam2, Khalid Javed Iqbal1, Ghulam Mustafa1 and Mujahid Kaleem3
...era tigris tigris Linnaeus 1758). There are five big cat species in the genus Panthera and tiger is the biggest one. Data were collected by recording observations on breeding of Royal Bengal Tiger in captivity at Bahawalpur Zoo from June 2012 to July 2014 (two years) on prescribe sheets. Data from June, 2003 to December, 2011 (nine years) were collected from zoo management. In two years study Tiger breed once...
Muhammad Ayaz1,*, Muhammad Athar Abbas2, Pervez3, Noorulain3, Yasir Amin1, Zubair Ali3, Naila Siddique2 and Khalid Naeem2
... across the region were analyzed for isolation. Isolation was carried out on embryonated chicken eggs. Identification of H protein was undertaken through hem agglutination Inhibition (HI) test while N typing was done using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) procedure. Out of 600 examined locations twenty two (22) H9N2 subtypes isolates were recor...
Muhammad Ashfaq,1 Shamim Akhtar,2 Saleem Akhtar2,* and Mariyam Masood2
.... Cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is an invasive and major pest on cotton. Aenasius bambawalei (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is an effective parasitoid of mealybug and has been the backbone of the biological control program of cotton mealybug in Pakistan, but its multiplication for inundative releases has been impacted by a hyperparasitoid, Promuscidea unfasciativentris Gi...
Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1*,Ibrahim Alhidary1, Abdullah H. Alyemni2, Rifat U. Khan3, Abdel Raouf S. Bello4, Mohamed Y. Al-Saiady2 and Ramzi A. Amran1
...hay supplementary on ruminal characteristics and performance of growing Naemi lambs fed TMR. Four groups, each of 3 months old growing Naemi male lambs (28.85±1.09 kg), were fed on TMR (NDF=41. 95%) (T1). TMR plus 100 g alfalfa hay (NDF= 43.3%) daily (T2), TMR plus 200 g alfalfa hay (NDF= 43.3%) every two days (T3) and TMR plus 300 g alfalfa hay (NDF= 43.3%) every three days (T4). Rumen fluid samples were analyzed for...
Javeria1, Masroor Ellahi Babar2,*, Tanveer Hussain2, Rashid Saif2, Sadaf Rashid3, Hanan Sarfraz4, Abbas Ali Shah3, Muhammad Wasim1 and Muhammad Abdullah1
...re sequenced. In-silico analysis was performed to detect the possible disease causing effect of genetic variants with OCD. Sequencing of BDNF gene showed one change G>A at position c.196 (rs6265) resulting in a nonsynonymous change from valine to methionine. We found only one homozygous and heterozygous carrier for this polymorphism. Healthy siblings of the carrier individuals and control group were screened and found as negative for this polymorphis...
Sidra Manzoor1,Asif Nadeem1,*, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Wasim Shehzad1, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Muhammad Imran1, Tanveer Hussain2, Abdul Wajid1 and Maryam Javed1
...n test was performed to analyze its relation with milk composition but it was found non-significant in all analyzed traits. So, it was inferred that it might be due to environmental or epigenetic effect, sampling number or a breed difference. To know the functional consequences of the identified polymorphism, RNA secon...
Mehwish Faheem1,*, Saba Khaliq2 and Khalid Parvez Lone2
Muzafar Shah1,*, Mian Sayed Khan1, Muhammad Ather Rafi2, Habib Ahmed3 and James M. Carpenter4
...g to subfamily of Polistinae. Phylogenetic tree were reconstructed using 12 SrRNA (12S) gene showing homology of 73% compared with gene bank data while on the basis of cytochrome oxidase 1 (Co1) gene 93% homology were recorded. It was concluded that Co1 gene is more reliable than 12S rRNA gene for confirm...
Azhar Abbas Khan1,*, Arif Muhammad Khan2 and Muhammad Afzal3
... third trophic level and natural enemies use these substances to locate their prey. Twelve-arm olfactory apparatus was used to evaluate the response of C. septempunctata toward aphids and different host plants of aphids. Different horticultural plants and field crops were used singly or in combination with prey as a host. An increased numbers of C. septempunctata was observed when host plants were added with ap...
Jianping Gou, Jianli Xiong*, Baoxia Dong, Zhennan Liu and Manman Hou
...tial differences in internal organ mass between male and female Asiatic toads(Bufo gargarizans gargarizans), collected in central China during the summer 2015. Females differed significantly in the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, lung, and gonads compared to males; however, liver and fat bodies did not differ between the sexes. The sex difference of these organs may contr...
Khurram Shahzad and Mohammad Akmal*
...n three splits for sustainable farming system for Peshawar climate and surroundings....
Naveed Muhammad, Syed Attaullah Shah*, Abbas Ullah Jan, Irfan Ullah, Muhammad Ibrahim and Salman Khan
... a well designed questionnaire from a sample of 115 tomato growers. A Cobb-Douglas type production model is used to estimate tomato yield and identify important factors affecting yield. Ordinary Least Square estimates for the model indicate that machinery, seed quantity, labor, number of irrigation, chemicals spray and fertilizers have positive significant effects on tomato yield. Allocative efficiency a
Muhammad Mansoor1, Amanullah1, Zafar Islam2*,Sher Muhammad3, Muhammad Umair4, Mehmood Ayaz5, Asghar Ali Khan6, Muhammad Asif2 and Ya Sakina3
... VC1482 C (AVRDC line Vigna cross, bold seeded, small stature and susceptible to Mungbean Yellow Mosac Virus (MYMV) and NM-92 (a promising variety of Pakistan, bold seeded, high yielding and MYMV resistant) at Agricultural Research Institute, Dera Ismail Khan. Inqalab Mung was tested in various experiments for production technology and yield trials for its performance. Result showed that 40 kg ha-1 seed rate with 30 cm row spacing, fertilizer d...
Furukh Faiz1,2, Muhammad Issa Khan2, Masood Sadiq2 and Haq Nawaz3
...s for light, water, vaccination and experimental feed for 42 days. The body weight gain, feed intake and the feed conversion ratio was observed weekly. After 42 day of the growth, the birds were slaughter with the Islamic Halal Method and the blood samples of the birds were preserved for antioxidant enzymes assay analysis. The data showed that as the citrus waste percentage in the feed of the broiler was increased, its feed ...
Oaj Khurshid1*, Naureen Aurangzeb1, Ayaz Khan1, Alia Naz1, Abdullah khan1, Sobia Nisa2 and Sehrish Sajawal3
...table limits set by international standard. The pH fluctuated between 7.5-8.1, moisture 35% and organic matter 43%, and has adequate quantity of plant nutrients C34%, N (0.06%), K (0.32%), P (0.004), Na (4.6%). The quality of compost could further be enhanced with the addition of yard waste or cow and poultry manure etc. For land reclamation or plant productions the use of compost may be supportive not only increase moisture...
Shah Saud Ahmad and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan*
...ure research and water management department in the study area. Top learned skills from this approach were fertilizer application, improved agricultural technology and sowing methods. It is suggested that there is a need that FSC has to establish the linkages of the farmers with the entire line department associated with the farming. FSC should take steps to build the capacity of the farmers regarding the latest improved practices of vegetable cultivation to a...
Ayesha Ilyas1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan2,* and Abdul Qadir1,*
...e settling and ovipositional deterrent effects of crude leaf extracts of six indigenous plants viz., amaltas (Cassia fistula), datura (Datura alba), neem (Azadirachta indica), niazboo (Ocimum basilicum), yellow kaner (Thevetia peruviana) and safeda (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) against the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders), a...
Hazrat Ali1,*, Wajid Ali1, Karim Ullah1, Fazle Akbar1, Sher Ahrar1, Irfan Ullah1, Irum Ahmad1, Ashfaq Ahmad1, Ikram Ilahi2 and Muhammad Anwar Sajad3
...-align: justify;">Contamination of aquatic ecosystems with heavy metals leads to accumulation of these elements in aquatic biota including fish. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish is of public health concern because fish are an important part of human diet. The present study was conducted to investigate the bioaccumulation of two heavy metals, Cu and Zn, in muscles of two economically important fish species, an herbivorous fish Schizothorax plagiostomu...
Madiha Hashmi1, Abid Hussain1, Shafiq ur Rehman1, Farida Ahmed2, Shahbaz Aslam3,Nadeem Afzal4 and Zaigham Abbas1,*
...rom Allergy Centre, National Institute of Health (NIH), Islamabad. Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) genes are located on the short arm of the chromosome number 6 and position 21 and the allele frequency is associated with allergy. The study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the aero-allergens and the frequency of HLA-DRB1*11 and HLA-DRB1*12 allele in aeroallergen sensitized individuals. Blood samples of aeroallergen sensi...
Aneela Qureshi1, Ammara Ainee1*, Muhammad Nadeem1, Masooma Munir1,2*, Tahir Mahmood Qureshi1, Saqib Jabbar2
...ther enhance the nutritional potential of fruit cake.
...
Huseyin Sasi1* and Gulcin G. Ozay2
...Monthly data showed that native fish chub were aboundantly with other native fish (Acanthobrama mirabilis) in upper Akcay River. The age distribution for both females and males of S. cephalus populationwas betweenI-VII, and the second age group was found at maximum rate of 30.60%. Their fork lengths and weights ranged between 6.0-22.8 cm and 3.7-134.62 g for females; 6.1-22.1 cm and 2.7-110 g for males, respect...
Wu Yi-qun* and Xu Xiu
...Yellow River basin of China. The results showed that standing accounts for 32.75 % of wintering behaviors for Great Bustard, followed by the feeding behavior (27.55 %) and walking behavior (16.69 %). Alert and lying behavior account for a small proportion – 8.45 % and 7.49 %, respectively; the rest behaviors take the least proportion. With respect to rhythm, feeding and walking behavior account for a large proportion from 11:30 to 12:00, reach a trough f...
Sogolo L. Lebelo1,* and Gerhard van der Horst2
...reticulum as short cisternae, a large dense network of interconnecting tubular smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and round or oval lysosomes. Abundant lipid inclusions and collagen fibers are also found in the cytoplasm of these cells. These cells are found associated with the spermatogonia type B, pachytene spermatocytes and Sertoli cells. The results from this study show that there are basic similarities in the Leydig cells of the vervet compared to other mammal...
Muhammad Imran Shabbir
...l as performing genetic analysis including prediction of patterns of inheritance in family lines and to calculate the recurrence risk for relatives etc. Punnett square is used to describe the possible combinations of paternal and maternal alleles for a particular cross. Described here is a line-dot method using ternary...
Noor Islam1, Muhammad Amjad2, Ehsan ul Haq3, Elizabeth Stephen1 and Falak Naz4
...nst T. clareae in naturally infested honey bee, A. mellifera colonies in Honeybee Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan. The percentage of infestation by T. clareae on worker brood, number of dead/fallen mites per hive/weekon white formica sheet, percent mite mortality and honey yield per colony was determined before and after the treatments in the experimental co...
Mazher Abbas1, Irfan Mahmood1*, Arshed Bashir1, Tahir Mehmood2, Khalid Mahmood1 and Zubair Ikram1
...f 140 respondents. The binary regression model has been used to evaluate the effect of different socio-economic variables on the adoption response of different recommended production practice for citrus. Average age, education and experience of the citrus growers were estimated 43.92 years, 9.74 schooling years and 17.72 years respectively. The awareness and adoption of recommended citrus practices was generally good. The results of the logit model for adoptio...
Dilshad Ahmad*, Muhammad Irfan Chani and Asad Afzal Humayon
...unfeasible without sustainable agriculture growth. Forecasting plays an imperative role in adjusting the vision and applicability regarding aspirations. The study attempted to forecast major crops area, production, yield and per capita food availability using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. Sixty-seven years annual time series data from 1947-48 to 2013-14 was obtained to forecast major crops and per capita food availability for 21years ...
Hassen Allaya1,2,*, Abderraouf Ben Faleh1, Manel Rebaya1, Sonia Zrelli3, Abdallah Hattour2, Jean-Pierre Quignard4 and Monia Trabelsi1
...tify;">In this study we analyzed possible differences among the specimens of the little tunny Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque, 1810) inhabiting Tunisian waters. Our investigation based on the analysis of morphological characteristics of Euthynnus alletteratus from two distant sampling sites (Mahdia and Zarzis) along the Tunisian coast using 11 morphometric and 3 meristic characters in order to investigate th...
Aftab Wajid1, Ashfaq Ahmad1, Muhammad Awais2, Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman3*, M. Aown Sammar Raza2, Usman Bashir2, Muhammad Naveed Arshad1, Sana Ullah4, Muhammad Irfan5 and Umair Gull1
...ld increased with additional increment of nitrogen (>200 kg ha-1) but it is not significant change in yield per unit increment as compared with previous ones. ...
Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
...Os in skills regarding management of supervision and administration that is considered necessary in order to deal with farmers where a wide range of variations exists in their personalities and habits. A significant difference was reported in required and possessed competencies of preparing training schedules regarding crops followed by timely appointment and issuance of duties to junior staff for effective and efficient wor...
Shuangye Wang1, Yunlin Zhao1, Zhenggang Xu1,2,*, Li Li3, Liang Wu1, Choucang Duan1 and Jiao Peng1
...l behaviour. This study analyzed the time-allotment and behavioural rhythms for resting, feeding, moving, and excreting categories. The result showed that before 9:00 and after 18:00 hours, the Miluwere almost always resting. Resting behaviour was exhibited and maintained at a high frequency in other periods as well. Fluctuations in feeding frequencies was consistent, peaks occurred after 14:00 hours when the frequency was the highest. Moving behaviour was spl...
Adnan Yousaf1,Jia Wu1, Qaiser Shakeel2, Yasir Iftikhar3, Muhammad Irfan Ullah4, Uzma Tahira5,Mustansar Mubeen1 and Wubei Dong1,*
...> and their integrated management by using derosol, cadusafos and Trichoderma harzianum in the green house at 25 ± 4ºC. Primarily, 15 chilies cultivars viz., 28-2010, C-72, Sanam, C-73, Gola Peshawari, 27-2010, Tata Puri, C-302, C-33, C-19, 5-2010, C-68, 11-2010, 18-2010 and 15-2010 were evaluated against M. incognita and S. rolfsii. Two week old chilies plants were inoculated w...
Wesam Hasan Mohamed Mady1*, Bing Liu2, Dong Huang2, Abdel Satar Arafa1, Mohamed Khalifa Hassan1, Mona Mehrez Aly1, Pucheng Chen2, Yongping Jiang2* and Hualan Chen2
...ont> vaccination is a promising new approach for the prevention and treatment of many viral diseases because of its ability to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses against antigens encoded by recombinant DNA. The goal of this study was to construct Egy-H5 plasmid DNA...
Yijin He1, Song Ma2, Bo Liu1,*, Ting Xue1, Qunlan Zhou1, Wu Jin1 and Kui Chen2,*
...s a unique species of China which is distributed in the estuary of the Yangtze River, and belongs to the same genus with Red fin puffer T. rubripes which has been used as one of human genome model animal since mid-1990s. In this experiment, we cloned a pair of DNA fragment sequence including complete ORF (921bp) of taste receptor candidate gene T2R1 of T. fasciatus and...
Murad Ali1, Farmanullah Khan1, Wiqar Ahmad2* and Imran Khan1
...perties. However, determination of a suitable dose from either source that could beneficially and easily combine to give maximum output still needs lots of research. The experiment was conducted during wheat season 2014-15 on a selected water eroded site in District Swabi. Fourteen treatments viz the control (T1), recommended dose (RD) (120:90:60 kg ha-1 N: P2O5: K2O. T2), four combinations of farmyard manure (FYM) i.e 20, 1...
Muhammad Hanif1,*, Naureen Rana1, Muhammad Akbar Khan2, Muhammad Javed1 and Muhammad Sajjad Khan1
...i>Sivalhippus cf. nagriensis, and Sivalhippus cf. theobaldi. These specimens provide additional information about the recorded species and contribute to recent work of Perissodactyla from the Middle Siwalik Hills of Pakistan.
...
Ghulam Abbas1,Asif Nadeem1,*, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Tanveer Hussain2, Muhammad Sajid Tahir3, Wasim Shehzad1, Rajput Zahid Iqbal3, Muhammad Tayyab1 and Maryam Javed1
...urbances and the unsustainable use of natural resources. Molecular methods have an important role in phylogeny and diversity analysis. In Pakistan hog deer (Axis porcinus) is an important wild species belongs to the family Cervidae. The hog deer is one of the least studied species at molecular level in Pakistan. The present study was planned to investigate its molecular phylogeny an...
Muhammad Ibrahim and Ahmad Khan*
...echniques and nitrogen management in crop stand and phenological occurrence is not well understood. Therefore field studies were conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, the University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistan to quantify the effects of mulching techniques and nitrogen management on maize (Zea mays L) phenology and crop stand in 2013 and 2014. Treatments included mulching techniques (i.e. no-mulch, residue, transparent a...
Syed Makhdoom Hussain1,*, Tasneem Hameed1, Muhammad Afzal2, Arshad Javid3, Nosheen Aslam4, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah6, Majid Hussain5, Muhammad Zubair ul Hassan Arsalan1 and Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad1
...the development of sustainable aquaculture by reducing the feed cost and nutrient discharge through feces into the aquatic ecosystem.
...
Rahat Naseer1*, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Zulfiqar-ul-Hassan2, H. Rehman1, Saima Naveed1, F. Masood1 and M. Tayyab1
...ive to produce a nutritionally enriched bulk feed ingredient and to explore its potential as wheat bran replacer in total mixed rations for the ruminants. For this purpose rice husk was subjected to different processing techniques using acid, alkali, water treatment and fermentation to prepare processed moiety on pilot scale. All these processed materials were included in experimental ration at a fixed level (20 %). All iso-...
Ali Karabacak1, Senol Celik2, Adile Tatliyer3, Ismail Keskin1, Yakup Erdal Erturk4, Ecevit Eyduran5, Yasir Javed6 and Mohammad Masood Tariq7,*
... located in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. For measuring the predictive performance of three algorithms in Models I and II, goodness of fit criteria (coefficient of determination (R2%), adjusted coefficient of determination (Adj.R2%), coefficient of variation (CV%), SD ratio, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Relative Approximation Error (RAE), and Pearson correl...
Muhammad Abid1*, Tahir Yaqub2, Arslan Mehboob3 and Muhammad Zubair Shabbir4
...ar assays. The sequence analysis of NA genes shown 99% homology with the H9N2 AIV recently isolated from Pakistan and their phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the isolates belonged to the G- lineage. Amino acid analysis of NA stalk regions of ...
Attaullah Khan1, Muhammad Shafi1*, Jehan Bakht2 and Shazma Anwar1
...th control. Highest germination (85.42% and 84.31%) was recorded from wheat varieties (Lalma-2013 and Pirsabak-2005). Minimum germination (64.40% and 73.89%), tillers plant-1(2.83 and 3.49), leaves plant-1(11.44 and 12.79), leaf area (21.47cm2 and 25.20cm2) and more days to emergence (9.92 and 8.98), was recorded from salinity levels of 135mM and 90mM, respectively compared with maximum germina
Sania Shaheen1*, Hina Fatima2 and Muhammad Azeem Khan3
...of rice paddle (Conventional method) and Direct seeded method (Dry method) in rice growing areas of Punjab. In last some years, the direct seeded rice system is introduced in some of the rice cropping districts of Pakistan. The current research estimate the technical efficiency of conventional and dry rice farmers and also determine the factors which significantly contribute to increase the rice output. Moreover, this study ...
Rais Ahmed1,*, Khushi Muhammad1, Masood Rabbani1 and Muhammad Sarwar Khan2
Kanwer Shahzad Ahmed1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,*, Muhammad Ather Rafi2, Fatima Sellami3 and Muhammad Afzal1
...beetles, an extensive faunal survey was conducted in the district Sargodha (32°05’02’’ N and 72°40’18’’ E), Pakistan to assess the species richness and distribution of coccinellid beetles in seven selected regions (Bhera, Bhalwal, Kot Momin, Sahiwal, Sargodha, Shahpur and Silanwali). A total of 1,470 coccinellid specimens were collected from all types of vegetation and were identified up to species level by means of ...
Muhammad Aslam Farooqi1,*, Mansoor-ul-Hasan2, Sohail Akhtar1, Muhammad Arshad2, Muhammad Naveed Aslam3 and Muhammad Rafay4
...ify;">A simple and fast analytical method using High Performance Liquid Chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) was used to determine residues of commonly used agricultural insecticides (imidacloprid, thiametoxam, profenofos, endosulfan, spinosad and deltamethrin) in multi-floral raw honey of Apis dorsata F. collected from the cotton belt area of Punjab, Pakistan. The residues of these insecticides were extracted using ethyl acetate. Honey s...
Ahmed Zein Elabdeen Mahmoud1, Muaz Magzob Abdellatif2* and Mohamed Abdelsalam Abdalla3
...este des petits ruminants (PPR) is a viral disease which primarily affects small ruminants, causing significant economic losses for the livestock industry. Clinical investigation was carried out during the suspected outbreaks of PPR/FMD in sheep and goats in Hail. Saudi Arabia. During the outbreaks 271 (20.6%) died out of 648 (49.3%) of affected animals, the overall morbidity in goats (33.3%) was higher as compared to s...
Wali Khan1, Naushad Khan2 and Shaista Naz2*
...sing a pretested questionnaire by face to face interview in 2014 production period. The collected data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, descriptive statistics, rank orders and paired t-test. Findings revealed that bee keeping is one of the important economic activities in the area with an average annual income of Rs. 527,275/- per household. Results of paired t-test confirmed that beekeeping has significant effe...
Fareeda Tasneem1, Farah Rauf Shakoori1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori2,*
... molecular phylogenetic analysis was performed on the basis of H4 gene sequences. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the aligned sequences of our study with 22 entries of closely related species from GenBank Data. Highly polymorphic sites were observed in FT8 strain sequence as compared to other species. Analysis of H4 gene sequences in our study showed they are closely related and behaved as a good substitute for phy...
Netti Aryani1, Azrita2, Ainul Mardiah3 and Hafrijal Syandri2*
...; 0.05) influenced the final fish weight, net weight gain (NWG), average daily growth (ADG), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The maximum growth of giant gourami was found at 6% feeding rate. However, the best feed conversion ratio (1.34±0.18) was obtained at the 4% feeding rate. The carcass composition (crude protein and crude lipid) of giant gourami with different feeding rates showed a significant increase (p<0.05) afte...
Sumaira Maqsood1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1,Waqas Wakil2 andMuhammad Hussnain Babar3
...and relatively safer for natural enemies and beneficial arthropods. Present investigations were carried out to determine their impact on larval mortality, pupal and adult emergence of 2nd and 4th instar larvae of Spodoptera litura F. under laboratory conditions. Both NPV and flubendiamide were applied using diet incorporation method. Larvae were allowed to feed for 48 h. Mortality was recorded until larvae died or pupated. Second i...
Talha Nazir1,2,*, Muhammad Dildar Gogi2, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Waheed ul Hassan2, Abdul Hanan2 and Muhammad Jalal Arif2
...ies Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, thrips Thrips tabaci Lindeman, red cotton bugs Dysdercus koenigii Walk and dusky cotton bugs Oxycarenus hyalinipennis Costa, has been a challenge on transgenic (Bt) cotton crop all over the world. This study assessed the field efficacy of six commercial insecticides viz.; Blaster 72.5%WP (imidacloprid + acephate), Bugatti 50%SC (imidacloprid + bifenthrin), Confidor 20%SL (imidacloprid), Jozer 202...
Mehran Kausar1,2, Naveed Ashraf3, Farzana Hayat4, Asraf Hussain Hashmi1, Saima Siddiqi1,* and Mariam Anees2
...and feet with dystrophic nails, unossified fontanels, and an obtuse mandibular. The present study was conducted to determine the underlying genetic cause of Pycnodysostosis in a family from Azad Kashmir, Pakistan presenting with symptoms of multiple recurrent fractures, short stature, increased bone density and stubby hands. We performed direct sequencing of CTSK for five members of the family to find out the causative mutation. All coding exons of C...
Tiansen Li1, Meiling Huang2, Zhen Wang1,Fei Guo3,Hui Zhang1,* and Chuangfu Chen1,*
Muhammad Ibrahim1,2*, Syed Jawad Ahmad Shah1, Shaukat Hussain2, Musharaf Ahmad2 and Farhatullah3
.... Sehar-2006 was the dominant wheat cultivar occupied 54% of the total wheat area which is already susceptible and carries an undesirable Yr9 gene. Cultivars with effective yellow rust resistance genes have negligible deployment area which included Tatara (Yr3, Yr5, Yr26), Shafaq-2006 (Yr5, Yr10), Pirsabak-2005 (Yr5, Yr26, Yr30) and Saleem-2000 (Yr5, Yr18, Yr26). Seeds of these cultivars should be increased and deployed on priority bases for yellow rust ma
Muhammad Arslan Khan1,*, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Imran-ul-haq1 and Rashad Waseem Khan2
...eas of Pakistan. Complex nature of disease due to root rot fungi and root-knot nematode cause huge losses to cotton. Experiments were conducted to assess the role of fungi and root knot nematodes in root rot disease complex of cotton and to optimize their control. For this purpose fifteen cotton growing areas in Southern Punjab were surveyed in year 2013-14. Data were recorded on disease prevalence, incidence, frequency percent of root rot fungi and nematodes ...
Raza Ullah1*, Qaisar Shah Safi2, Ghaffar Ali3 and Irfan Ullah3
... selected using proportional allocation method. The findings revealed that majority of the farmers sold their orchards to the pre-harvest contractors. The most widely used marketing channel was producers selling their orchard to pre-harvest contractor who then harvest the orchard, pack the produce and transport it to the market where the produce is handed to wholesalers. Wholesalers then channel the produce to retailer from where the ultimately consumers buy t...
Kadir Karakuş1, Bahat Comba2, Abuzer Taş3, Tunahan Sancak3, Arzu Comba2, Devrim Saripinar Aksu4, Hasan Koyun5 and Mohammad Masood Tariq6,*
... sample was taken from vena jugularis of the animals before the application and every two months for a total of 4 times for 6 months and hormone analyses were performed. The order of statistical significance for TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) were found as Surgical > Control > Formol (P <0.05). The order of statistical significance for growth hormone was Formol = Surgery > Control (P<0.05). In August month,...
Kulsoom Akhter1, Tahseen Ghous1,2,Saiqa Andleeb3,*, Faiz-ul-Hassan Nasim4, Samina Ejaz5, Zain-ul-Abdin1, Bilal Ahmed Khan1 and Muhammed Naeem Ahmed1
... was selected due to its natural abundance in the climate of Kashmir and also in the area of study. On the basis of morphological, biochemical, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the isolates were identified as B. cereus BDBC01, B. cereus AVP12 and B. cereus NC7401. At maximum studied concentration of metal ions (250 mgl-1), in above sequence, the strains accumulated...
Ibrahim A. Alhidary1,*, Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1, Riyadh S. Aljumaah1, Abdullah H. Alyemni2, Moez A. Ayadi1,3 and Mohamed Y. Al-Saiady2
... NH3-N determination. Blood samples were collected monthly for different metabolic analysis. At the end of the trial, six lambs from each group were randomly selected and slaughtered for rumen coloring. The results of this trial showed a significantly higher total body weight gain in lambs fed TMR1 and TMR 2. A significantly higher FCR in lambs fed TMR3 compared with all other treatments. The rumen color of lambs ...
Fawad Ali1*, Hidayat Ullah2, Ikhtiar Khan1
...rs since long has contaminated the soil and now the pollution is being transferred to our food chain. An investigation has been done to ascertain toxic heavy metal concentration in the wastewater, irrigated soil, their accumulation in vegetables, and potential human health risks. The results reveal that Cr concentration in the wastewater, Cd and Zn in soil and in vegetables have been found well above the permissible limits of World Health Organization (WHO) wh...
Naila Chand1,*, Shabana Naz2, Hamza Maris1, Rifat Ullhah Khan1, Sarzamin Khan1 and Muhammad Subhan Qureshi1
...munity in broilers under natural summer stress. A total of one hundred and twenty day-old broiler chicks were divided into four different treatment groups such as Bet-0, Bet-1.0, Bet-1.5, Bet-2.0 having betaine supplementation at the rate of 0, 1, 1.5 and 2 g/kg feed, respectively. Significantly (P<0.05) higher weekly and total feed intake and weight gain were recorded in group Bet-2.0. Higher level of betaine supplementation significantly (P< 0.05) impr...
Muhammad Abdullah1,*, Rashid A. khan2, Muhammad Rafay3, Tanveer Hussain3, Tahira Ruby4,Fariha Rehman5, Sangam Khalil3 and Sohail Akhtar6
...icultural ecosystem. To analyze this activity present work was planned to collect the preliminary information about habitat requirements and different breeding aspects of Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis). The fieldwork was performed for two years (2012, 2013) at three different stations in the surrounding area of Faisalabad. Based on results it was concluded that Cattle egrets are colonial breeders and colonies were monos...
Hameeda Kalhoro1, Abdul Malik2,Ghulam Abbas2,*, Illahi Bux Kalhoro3, Sajjad Ali Shah4and Haleema Kalhoro3
...ts and survival rate of snakehead (Channa marulius) cultured in plastic tanks (42.5 liters water carrying capacity each). Fish juveniles (length: 10.63 ±0.980 cm, weight: 9.030±1.40g) were stocked after acclimatization. A total of 3 treatments were tested following 2 replications i.e. first treatment (T1, Squid feed), second treatment (T2, Tubifex feed) and third treatment (T3,...
Tanveer Ahmad1, Hafiz Sultan Mahmood1*, Zulfiqar Ali1, Muhammad Azeem Khan2 and Shahid Zia3
... justify;">The demand of natural fibres is increasing in the world for industrial uses to make high value products. An enormous potential of sisal fibre is present in Pakistan for making ropes, twines, paper, carpets, cloth and handicrafts, which has not been exploited so far. The aim of this study was to design and develop a small-scale portable sisal decorticator for extracting fibre from sisal leaves. A prototype of sisal decorticator was designed and fabri...
Muhammad Tariq Saeed1*, Muhammad Ashfaq Wahid1, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem1, Mumtaz Akhtar Cheema2, Muhammad Shahid1, Abdul-Shakoor1, Abdul-Sattar3
...w areas due to poor germination and low seed viability. The optimum yield and quality of this oil seed crop is noticeably affected by its lower germination rate. To address the problem of poor germination and low seed viability, a field study was conducted at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, during spring 2011. The experiment was composed of two soybean variet...
Shazia Rasheed1,* and Javed Mustaquim2
... belong to five species; namely Octolasmis angulata (Aurivillius, 1894), O. cor (Aurivillius, 1894), O. lowei (Darwin, 1851), O. tridens (Aurivillius, 1894) and O. warwickii Gray, 1825. The rate of infestation was found markedly low in P. pelagicus (2.9 %) and P. sanguinolentus (10.8 %) during present investigation. Octolasmids prevalence was significantly higher in female P. pelagicus (81.2%) than...
Omar S.O. Amer1,3,*, Mohamed I. Waly2,4 andSaeed A. Al-Zahrani1
...This is a retrospective analysis of reported intestinal parasitic infections for patients visiting Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, KSA from 2010 to 2014. Our retrospective study estimated a total 775 case out of 11110 case were infected with one or more intestinal parasites, with prevalence rate 6.98 %. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic...
Lu Liu1, Sher Khan Panhwar2, Tianxiang Gao3, Zhiqiang Han3, Chunhou Li4, Dianrong Sun4 and Na Song1,*
...affinis, Liza carinata, and Liza klunzingeri. To confirm the validity of the species by molecular methods, we sequenced a fragment of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of mitochondrial DNA of Liza affinis and Liza klunzingeri from coastal waters of China and Pakistan, respectively. Sequences of L. cari
Jawad Anwar* and Zafar Iqbal
...roducer of antibacterial natural products. The present study was initiated to investigate the antibacterial activity of Trichoderma harzianum against phyto and human pathogenic bacterial strains. T. harzianum was grown under different conditions and their extracts were evaluated, using disc diffusion method against tomato wilt causing bacteria (Xanthomonas campestris and Clavibacter michiganensis). Extracts that resulted in ...
Muhammad Amin1*, Khalid Mahmood2, Imran Bodlah3, Muhammad Rahim Khan2
...akistan’s aphidofauna, were found infesting Rosa species in study conducted during 2015-2016 in Poonch division of Azad Jammu and Kashmir-Pakistan. Chaetosiphon (Pentarichopus) fragaefolii (Cockerell), Chaetosiphon (Pentarichopus) thomasi Hille Ris Lambers, Chaetosiphon (Pentarichopus) tetrarhodum (Walker), Metopolophium montanum Hille Ris Lambers, Myzaphis rosarum (Kaltenbach) and Myzaphis turanica Nevsky are new records for the country. New locality re...
Mohammad Umar Farooq1*, Sarfaraz Ahmad2, Ghulam Nabi1, Ijaz Ali1 and Imtiaz Ahmad1
...omass depends upon the management practices, climate and response of different species.
...
Saleem Khan1, Amir Hamza2, Farhadullah Khan3, M. Subhan4, Aziz Khan1, Irfan Ali Shah1, Shakirullah Khan Shakir3*
...lign: justify;">For the analysis of gamma rays-induced changes in different growth related end point using cotton as a model plants, the present study was designed. For this purpose, dry seeds of four cotton genotypes (Gomal-93, Bt-131, Bt-121 and Bt-CIM-602) were exposed to gamma rays with 10, 15, 20 and 25 Kilo Radium (KR) doses sourced from 60Co. The irradiated seed samples were assumed treated seeds while non-irradiated seeds of each genotype we...
Sumit K. Satpathi1, Suprakash Pal2*, Rupsanatan Mandal2, Nonigopal Shit2 and Ashutosh Sarkar3
...nt was conducted at Regional Research Station (Terai Zone), Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar (India) during the summer season of 2016 to determine the utility and economics of biointensive pest management modules against major insect-pests of cowpea in comparison to conventional pesticide based pest management modules. The pestic...
Shantanu Jha1, A. Rama Devi1, Ngalaton Kasar1 and Abhishek Mukherjee2
...e their experience and finally to prioritize areas for future Research. The meeting started at 12:00 noon on 7th of August and continued till 5:00 pm and was attended by 31 participants. The programme was inaugurated by Prof. D. D. Patra, Hon’ble Vice-Chancellor, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV) and was chaired by Professor C. Sen, President of Association for Advancement in Plant Protection (AAPP...
Wanchao Zhu1, Qinguo Wei1, Shuyu Xue1, Huanxin Zhang2, Tianshu Lv1 and Honghai Zhang1,*
...r the conservation and management of sables (Martes zibellina), we developed six microsatellite markers using a method of fast isolation by AFLP of sequences containing repeats (FIASCO) from them in this study. The primers designed by Primer Premier 5.0 based on conservative regions were tested on 22 individuals. Our results demonstrated that the number of alleles per locus ranged from two to five and the mean number ...
Gülnur Metin* and İlker Aydin
...e jinga shrimp, Metapenaeus affinis (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), in Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea, Turkey) were investigated. A total of 2894 M. affinis were obtained from commercial fishermen between November 2008 and January 2011. The total length and weight of the females or males were measured as 7.3–17.5 cm and 2.6-38.9 g or 7.8–15.4 cm and 2.6-41.6 g, respectively. The samples were composed of 56.6% females and 46.6% males, with a female t...
Zuhao Huang*, Meifang Li, Rujue Ruan and Jiawei Qin
...enes of 20 species were analyzed. All the Ardeidae species had duplicate control regions, except four species having only single region. The control region spans the region between the genes for tRNAGlu - tRNAPhe in the most Ardeidae species. The length of the control region sequences ranged from ...
Javeria1, Masroor Ellahi Babar1,2,*, Akhtar Ali2, Asif Nadeem1, Abdul Wajid1, Sajjad Ali Shah3, Sadaf Rashid4, Muhammad Wasim1 and Muhammad Abdullah1
...theCOMT gene. In-silico analysis predicted it to be damaging and disease causing. Screening of case and control group data showed no deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with p-value 0.879 and 0.32, respectively. There was no significant difference in age (p-value 0.081), employment status (p-value 0.34) and matrimonial status (p-value 0.28) but there was a significant difference in their education (p-value 0.0002). The ...
Muhammad Fiaz1, Khadija Munawar2, Muhammad Mushtaq2,*, Mukhtar Ahmad3, Mushtaq Ahmad Chaudhry3, Muhammad Aslam3, Tanveer Ahmad1 and Nasrullah4
...s purpose, Salt Range neonatal lambs (n = 24, age = 01 week) were selected and divided equally into three groups having 08 lambs each. The experimental lambs were fed ewe milk, calf milk replacer-1 (Telilac) and calf milk replacer-2 (Creamo) through nipple feeding for optimum performance in lambs after mandatory colostrum feeding. Results depicted that average daily gain (ADG) and the body measurements were not different (P>0.05) among lambs fed ewe milk an...
Mushtaq Ahmad1,*, Mehboob Ahmed1,2 and Nasim Ahmad1
Abdur Rab1*, Muhammad Sajid1, Naveed Ahmad1, Khalid Nawab2, Syed Ghias Ali3
Umair Talib1*, Ijaz Ashraf1, Khalid Mahmood Chaudhary1, Riaz Ahmad2
...hnical issues and dissemination of current technologies among the smallholder farmers in Pakistan. Since the late 1980s, the government of Pakistan include private sector in extension circle to enhance the effectiveness of public extension through competition. This study conducted in 2016, sought to analyze whether smallholder rice growers are more satisfied with public or private extension organizations and development...
Qudsia Khalid, Safdar Hussain Shah*, Faiza Zaeem and Saad Hussain Shah
...dices of tolerance than unadapted line at 100, 150, 200 and 250 mM NaCl stress. Adaptation resulted in enhanced accumulation of saturated fatty acids (myristic and stearic acids), while unsaturated fatty acids exhibited variable profiles with enhanced oleic acid and significantly reduced linoleic acid. The regeneration capability of adapted line decreased 10 times (20% to 2%), while that of unadapted line kept on increasing ...
Mian Ahmad Raza*, Ghulam Hassan and Naqib Ullah Khan
...sed in all possible combinations during 2011-12 cropping season. The resultant F1 hybrids were planted following a randomized complete block design using three replications in the subsequent wheat growing season of 2012-13. For days to maturity, F1 cross combination PS × FS among the F1 hybrids showed earliness (160.7) whereas F1 cross combination BST × SRN and JNB × BST ...
Muhammad Hannan Ahmed1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Abu Bakar M. Raza1, M. Afzal1, A. Khaliq1, Yasir Iftikhar2 and Hafiz Muhammad Aatif3
...role in the population dynamics of sucking insect pest complex like jassid, aphid, thrips and mites. The present study was conducted on six cotton cultivars (3 Bt and 3 non-Bt) to monitor the population dynamics of thrips in relation to abiotic climatic factors. Interaction effect was found significant in Bt varieties but not for non-Bt cultivars. Average thrips population per leaf on various B...
Furqan Sabir1, Muhammad Tayyab1,*, Bushra Muneer2, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Ali Raza Awan1, Naeem Rashid3, Muhammad Wasim1 and Sehrish Firyal1
...aracterization of recombinant thermostable phytase from Thermotoga naphthophila (PHYTN). This study was an initial step for the fulfilment of domestic industrial requirement of phytase in Pakistan.The PCR resulted in the amplification of 1.8 kb phytase gene. SDS-PAGE confirmed the size of recombinant protein as 70 kDa. The optimization studies demonstrated the maxi...
Ambreen Butt1, Uzma Malik2, Khadija Waheed3, Amna Khanum3, Samar Firdous4, Sara Ejaz5 and Fawad Randhawa2, Tania Shakoori6*
...abetes including gestational diabetes. We sought to compare serum cobalamin between pregnant females diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and healthy controls and to propose a cut off value for serum B12 levels as a predictive biomarker for GDM. Study design was Quantitative cross-sectional study. This study was carried out at Lady Atchison...
Fang Wang, Yong-Fang Jia, Po Wang, Qi-Yan Du and Zhong-Jie Chang*
...ffects of letrozole on gonad differentiation, 5dph fry of carp were exposed to different concentrations of LET. At 130 dph, sex ratio was recorded. The results showed that continuous exposure to LET induced the changes of sex ratio. High concentration of LET can promote male-biased sex ratio. In order to reveal the molecular mechanism by which LET caused sex reversal, juvenile carp (120dph) were exposed to 0, 5, 25, 125, and 625μg/L LET for 15 days, and the...
Asad Abdullah1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Muhammad Waqar Hassan2, Samina Khalid3, Yasir Iftikhar4, Muhammad Arshad1 and Jaime Molina-Ochoa5,6
... extract (NSE) for the management of Bemesia tabaci Gennadius, (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and Amrasca biguttula Ishida, (Homopter: Cicadellidae) infesting Bt and non-Bt cotton cultivars. Foliar application of neem seed, Azadirachta indica extract was applied upon reaching economic threshold levels of B. tabaci and A. biguttula. The insect pest population was recorded 24 hours be...
Alaeldein M. Abudabos1,*, Abdullah H. Alyemni2, Elsayeid O. Swilam1 and Mu’ath Q. Al-Ghadi3
... find the effect of some natural products (Cozante, Norponin and Organimix) in comparison to standard anticoccidial drug (Elancoban) in experimentally induced coccidiosis in broiler. A total 200 birds (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to 10 treatments on day 15 after introduction of coccidiosis. The results indicated that feed intake and production efficiency factor (PEF) did not differ significantly (P>0.05) between Elancoban and n...
Muhammad Usman Qamar1, 2, Sidrah Saleem1, Usman Arshad1, Muhammad Farhan Rasheed3, Hasan Ejaz4, Naveed Shahzad5 and Shah Jahan6,*
... Manuka honey is traditionally used for medical purposes including remedy of bacterial infection. However, scientific evidences for its antimicrobial effects particularly against NDM-1 producing bacteria are lacking. In addition to antibiotic profiling, the present study aimed at determining the in vitro anti- bacterial activity of Manuka honey against NDM-1 producing clinical isolates of Pakistan. A total of five carbapenem resistant bacterial species;...
Muhammad Abu Bakar1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Muhammad Arshad1, Mubasshir Sohail1,2 and Jaime Molina-Ochoa3,4
...honey bee. The indiscriminate use of pesticides involve many problems; cause resistance in mites, residual in honey, wax and potentially hazardous to man and environment. Plant-derived mixtures are normally more easily degradable and could show a minor undesirable impact on environment with respect to synthetic compounds. This study was planned to check the efficacy of four different essential oils (neem oil, lemon oil, eucalyptus oil and orange oil) at differ...
Carolina Torres Alejo1,2, Laila Andreia Rodrigues Beserra1,2, Paulo Eduardo Brandão1,2, Luis Ramiro Luna Espinoza1,2 and Fabio Gregori1,2*
...tudy, 59 pools of intestinal content of layers, broilers, and breeders were investigated from different Brazilian regions for the presence of rotavirus (RVA, RVD, and RVF), avian coronavirus (ACoV), and avian astrovirus (AAstV), using PCR reactions followed by nucleotide sequencing and analysis. Twenty-nine pools (29/59; 49%) appeared positive for AAstV, 6 pools (6/59; 10%) were positive f...
Mohsan Ullah Goraya1,2, Liaqat Ali1,2 and Iqra Younis3
...s of respiratory, intestinal and reproductive tracts are the primary entry points for viruses into host cells. Amongst these, respiratory tract is prone to direct and continuous exposure to viral infection. Respiratory viruses including influenza virus, coronaviruses and herpes viruses are important pathogens that cause significant losses in the poultry industry. However, successful establishment of infection in the respirat...
Muhammad Sohail1, Muhammad Nauman-ul-Islam1, Hayazuddin2*, Imtiaz Ali Shah1, Abdur Raziq1, Subhan Ullah3 and Arsalan Ali Shah1
...re checked through milk analyzer twice a week. Mean daily production of milk among three groups was significantly (p<0.05) different, however highest milk production (4.8±0.74 liter/day) was recorded for group B, followed by Control (3.6±0.51) and group C (2.4±0.71). Cows in group B produced higher (p<0.05) milk fat percent (5.83±0.107) while control and group C produced 4.98±0.78 and 4.51±0.81 (p>0.05) fat pe...
Shahid Hussain Farooqi1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Muhammad Imran Rashid2, Muhammad Oneeb2, Amjad Khan3, Amjad Islam Aqib1 and Shakeel Mahmood4
...n model were applied to analyze the data. The results of study found Rhepicephalus the most prevalent genus followed by Heamaphysalis, Hyalomma, Dermacenter and Amblyomma with the prevalence of 78.50%, 10.33%, 10.08%, 0.67% and 0.42%, respectively. On species basis, R. (Boophilus) annulatus, R. (Boophilus) microplus, Heamaphysalis aciculifer, R. appendiculatus, and R. decoloratus were noted 41.67, 18.42, 9.83, 8...
Rana Muhammad Aadil1,2*, Xin-An Zeng1, Saqib Jabbar3, Akmal Nazir2, Abid Aslam Mann2, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal Khan2, Abdullah2, Amna Ramzan2
...croorganisms and enzyme analysis. The grapefruit juice was treated with processing variables of HPP treatment (0, 150, 200 and 250 MPa), temperature (40, 50 and 60 oC), for processing time of 3 minutes and thermal treatment was done in a water bath at 70 oC for 90 seconds. In HPP treatment (250 MPa/60 °C/3 min), significant reduction was observed in microorganisms, PME and PPO whereas improvement was observed in cloud value, total car...
Aqsa Qayyum1*, Masooma Munir1, Saeeda Raza1, Mussarat Gillani1, Saima Kanwal1, Nouman Rashid1, Amer Mumtaz1, Naeem Safdar1, Zarmina Gillani2
...20% improved the nutritional potential of biscuits without affecting the consumer acceptability score.
...
Masooma Munir1,2*, Aqsa Qayyum1, Saeeda Raza1, Nouman Rashid Siddiqui1, Amer Mumtaz1, Naeem Safdar1, Sahar Shible1, Sohaib Afzal3, Saiqa Bashir4
...l plant but also for culinary purpose. The current study has been undertaken to develop a nutritious, healthy and value added drink. Proximate, mineral analysis, total polyphenol content and mineral analysis of basil seeds was conducted. Result revealed that basil seeds are not only good source of fiber and protein but they provide appreciable amount of minerals and phenolic compounds. Swo...
Asim Gulzar1,*, Ather Maqsood1, Munir Ahmed1, Muhammad Tariq1, Muhammad Ali2 and Rahmatullah Qureshi3
... faster to identify alternates like biocontrol agents, plant extracts etc. In the present study the extract of Citrullus colocynthis in different solvents were evaluated on second instar larvae of H. armigera under laboratory studies for toxicity, sublethal and antifeedant effect. The result showed that ethanol based extract was the most effective to control the H. armigera followed by the ethyl acetate. The sublethal concentration ...
Jie Wu1, Jiagui Zhu2, Ke Wang2, Dejing Cai2, Yingying Liu1, Yanzhen Bu1,* and Hongxing Niu1,*
...he small population in Henan Province, China, a reintroduction program was conducted in the Dongzhai National Nature Reserve in 2007. Wild birds bred in semi-wilderness were reintroduced. Habitat selection and breeding ecology of crested ibis in Dongzhai National Nature Reserve has not been studied. To clarify the breeding status of the crested ibis and ...
Nargis Bano and Khalid Mahmood Qureshi*
... an extremely complex signal transduction network’s part and it works differently in different systems. Drought stress is a major restraint for crop production in arid and semi arid states such as Pakistan. In this study experiments were conducted against the responses of strawberry plant to both pre-harvest application of salicylic acid and drought treatments. The design of the experiment was a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five...
Rabia Tahir1*, Khushi Muhammad1, Masood Rabbani1, Muti-u-Rehman Khan2, Farah Khan1, Hassan Bin Aslam1 and Arslan Mehboob3
Lucas Pedroso Colvero1, Paulo Eduardo Brandão2*, Cesar Alejandro Rodriguez Rosales2, Hanny Swam3 and Laura Yaneth Buitrago Villarreal1
...="text-align: justify;">Inactivated water-in-oil vaccines are widely used to control viral diseases in poultry, however, the interference of physico-chemical properties of the emulsions are overlooked when compared to antigenic properties. This study was designed to assess the effect of two different commercial inactivated water-in-oil multivalent vaccines; vaccine A contains IBV (Massachusetts M41 and D274 strains), NDV (Cl...
Aqsa Mehboob1, Noor Khan1,*, Usman Atiq1, Khalid Javed Iqbal2, Rafia Tayyab1, Syeda Suhaira Batool1, Hafiza Saleha Batool1, Sana Amjad1 and Mehwish Tanveer1
...1. Proximate analysis revealed significant differences (P≤0.05) among treatments and control for crude protein while rest of the parameters remained same. Apparent digestibility of crude protein and fat was found non-significantly different among treatments. It is concluded that addition of fenugreek in fish feed can improve growth performance and also protein content of the fish meat as well.
...
Nasira Kazi1, Muhammad Israr2 and Shahina Fayyaz1,*
...on width; vulva longitudinal; female tail 5.9-6.6 anal body diameter long, dorsally curved; prerectum 1.7-2.6 anal body diameter long.Plectus (Ceratoplectus) armatus (Butschli, 1873) Andrassy, 1984 is recorded for the first time in Pakistan and is briefly described and illustrated.
...
Zakirullah Jan1, Shamsher Ali1*, Tariq Sultan2, Wasiullah1 and Wiqar Ahmad1
...eld of rice crop at National Agricultural Research Center (NARC) Islamabad during summer 2016. Pots were induced with salinity of 7.0 dS m-1 and arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Six treatments consisted of a control (no strains) and 5 different strains of cyanobacteria i.e Oscillatory-MMF-1 (Oscillatoria princeps), Leptolyngbaya-MMF-2 (Lyngbya mucicol...
Abdus Subhan1, Qudrat Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Mansoor2 and M. Jamil Khan1
... Khan) are calcareous in nature with low organic matter. The area also falls in hot arid environment where organic amendments and efficient water used to reduce the input cost and improve crop yield. A field experiment was conducted at Arid Zone Research Centre (AZRC), D. I. Khan during year 2014 –15 and 2015–16 to investigate the water use efficiency and response of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop to organic and inorganic fertilizers on a...
Hassan Hashim Ghalib, Syed Attaullah Shah*, Abbas Ullan Jan and Ghaffar Ali
...dy employs a cross-sectional Ricardian Model to investigate impact of temperature and rainfall on wheat growers’ net-return in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. Data for this purpose are collected from 255 wheat growers, selected from Southern, Central and Northern climatic zones of KP. Results from descriptive statistical analysis demonstrate that net-return per acre from wheat crop is highest in the Centr...
Zaheer Abbas*, Shaukat Ali, Jalal-Ud-Din and Ghulam M. Ali*
...5 and 18 days after pollination and transient transformation efficiency decreased at 22 days after pollination. Enhanced transient beta glucuronidase (GUS) expression with average frequency of 40.56% was noticed with three days of co-cultivation period while two days of co-cultivation period resulted 24.07% transient GUS expression. Addition of 100 mgL-1 L-cysteine in co-cultivation medium increased the transient transformat...
Zaheer Abbas*, Shaukat Ali, Jalal-Ud-Din and Ghulam M. Ali*
...coleoptilar node is seasonal free and green house independent which would accelerate the work relevant to genetic transformation of maize. MS medium fortified with 3 mgL-1 BAP and 5 mgL-1 picloram produced maize seedlings with expanded coleoptilar nodes. Longitudinal cut sections of expanded coleoptilar nodes produced maximum primary calli on callus induction medium containing both 0.5mgL-1 2, 4-D and 1 mgL-1 picloram. Eight...
Ghani Akbar1, Steven Raine2, Allen David McHugh3, Greg Hamilton4 and Qurban Hussain5
... suboptimal irrigation management on small raised beds farms in the Indus Basin is considered to reduce irrigation efficiency and exacerbates waterlogging and salinity. Addressing this issue, farmer managed irrigations on commonly used Narrow Bed (NB) with furrow spacings 66 cm and newly introduced Wide Bed (WB) with furrow spacing 130 cm on sandy clay loam, were investigated using the irrigation modelling software, WinSRFR...
Asmatullah Kaka2, Wahid Haron1,*, Rosnina Yusoff 1, Nurhusien Yimer1, A.M Khumran1, Akeel Ahmed Memon2, Kazhal Sarsaifi1 andMahdi Ebrahimi3
...ids. In conclusion, combination of ALA and DHA did not improve frozen-thawed bull sperm parameters when compared to control.
...
Kashif Prince1,*, Muhammad Sarwar Khan1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Atif Prince3, Naimat Ullah Khan1 and Mumtaz Ali Khan1
...vaccine. Thirty-five pregnant cattle were selected and seven groups were made consisting five cattle. Group A was controls: Animals in Group B and C were at 45 days prepartum with and without VES: animals in D and E were at day 60 prepartum with and without VES: animals in F and G were at 75 days prepartum stage with and without VES: respectively. At day 0 of experimental trial VES was given to animals in group C, E and G. All groups were given oil based HS va...
Habibun Nabi1, Saher Islam2, Amna Arshad Bajwa2, Imran Rashid1,*, Haroon Akbar1, Wasim Shehzad2, Kamran Ashraf1, Nisar Ahmad1 and Aneela Durrani3
...dii. Cats serve as final host of Toxoplasma gondii and are the main source of contamination of soil and water. Fecal samples from cats at Pet center of UVAS (Lahore, Pakistan) were screened for coccidian parasites through microscopy examination. DNA was extracted from positive fecal samples for coccid...
Rabia Arif*, Shahar Bano, Muhammad Ishfaq and Muhammad Saleem
...ers, we show a sequence analysis of (V3, V4 and V9) hyper-variable regions of the small sub unit (SSU) of different natural strains of the Pyrenomycete, Sordaria fimicola, to examine genetic diversity. Strains were taken from two contrasting environments (Natural and Harsh) from the south facing and north facing slopes of Evolution Canyon, Israel. Sequenced amplicons were introduced to the NCBI database as a query in ...
Zia-ur-Rehaman1, Naila Chand1, Sarzamin Khan1 and Rifat Ullah Khan2,*
...se (ND) and serum paraoxonase (PON1) were significantly higher (P< 0.05) in TN zone, while serum malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly (P< 0.05) higher in HAT zone. No significant differences were recorded in serum antibody titer against ND, PON1 and MDA among different broiler strains in TN zone, while in HAT zone, Ross and Arber Acer showed significantly (P<0.05) higher serum antibody titer against ND. In HAT zone, significantly (P< 0.05) lower...
Zabih Ullah*, H. Rahman and Niaz Muhammad
...an is mainly due to the unavailability of high yielding and early maturing varieties and hybrids. Earliness in maize is highly desirable as it allows plants to escape various biotic and abiotic stresses. It also makes multiple cropping possible as the land becomes available for next crop. Keeping the importance of early maturity of maize crop in view, the present study was conducted to evaluate different maize hybrids for maturity and related traits in the geo...
Rehmat Ullah1*, Kalim Ullah2, Inam Ullah3, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1 and Asif Nawaz1
...ule. Data collected was analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences ver. 20. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The study has revealed that field assistants (FA) provide new information (75 respondents). It was observed that FAs were available at their offices (70) and farmers were satisfied from the solution of problems they reported (92). Correlation coefficients demonstrate that education, frequency of FAs visits, accessibility o...
Shakeel Ahmad Anjum, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem, Muhammad Shahid, Abdul Shakoor*, Muhammad Safeer, Imran Khan, Ayesha Farooq, Iftkhar Ali and Usman Nazir
...ical yield. Maximum marginal rate of return was obtained with foliar application of both Zn and B and using foliar Zn alone. Integrated B and Zn application produced more marginal rate of returns both in soil and foliar applications. Use of foliar Zn application also depicted promising results while foliar or soil B application without using Zn enhanced cost of production.
...
Sanjukta Chakrabarti1, Colin J. Barrow2, Rupinder K. Kanwar3, Venkata Ramana1*, Rakesh N. Veedu4,5 and Jagat R. Kanwar3*
...GFR activation of the signal transduction pathways. Thus blocking VEGF is an efficient strategy for blocking tumor angiogenesis. Several anti-VEGF drugs have been developed over the last two decades and some are still at different development stages of pre-clinical and clinical trials. In this study, we explored the anti-angiogenic properties of three anti-VEGF molecules such as two fusion proteins, VEGF TrapR1R2 and VEGFR1(D1-D3)-Fc, and one D
Mahmood-Ul-Hassan*, Naeem Fiaz, Muhammad Akhlaq Mudassir and Muhammad Yasin
Naheed Bano* and Muhammad Afzal
...d high mortality due to unavailability of suitable diet especially at juveniles stage. This study focus on the healthy production with low cost by using sunflower meal to some extent replace fish meal. In this 3× 3 factorial and completely randomized design study 324 fish were used. The acidification levels were (0, 1.5 and 3%) whereas the phytase levels were (0, 500 and 1000 FTU). The addition of 3 % citric acid and 1000FTU phytase produced significant ...
Akerele Dare*, Ashaolu Olumuyiwa Fowowe, Sanusi Rahman Akintayo and Egbetade Adedolapo
...nometrics (time series) analysis. Results established positive and statistically significant influence of the amount of fund apportioned to crop (p<0.01) and livestock (p<0.05) subsectors on output growth in the respective subsectors. Likewise, the amount of the fund allocated to fishery subsector on fish output has positive influence on fish output but significant only at 10% level. While increases in the amount of the fund in a given year may substanti...
Trinh Thi Viet Ha1, Pham Duy Liem2 and Li Shuang1*
...In world rice market, China and Vietnam play a vital role, as the largest producer,consumer and exporter. The current study was conducted to analyze the rice export interdependency between these two countries using empirical approaches. The findings of the study show that the pattern of rice trade between China and Vietna<...
Abbas Ullah Jan1, Muhammad Fayaz1*, Yousaf Hayat2, Dawood Jan3 and Ghaffar Ali3
... in all fruits, apple, banana and citrus with increase in household income for urban households. For rural households with increase in household income, quantity elasticity of all the fruits tends increase with the exception of grapes where it decreases and remains constant in dates. The estimated quality elasticities reveal that both the urban and rural households purchase higher quality fruits as their income rise and are ...
Mehmet Guvenc1,*, Ayşe Nilay Guvenc3, Ökkeş Yılmaz2 and Mehmet Tuzcu2
...r for 56 days every alternate day. Fructose administration increased the hepatic omega-6/omega-3 and 16:1 n7 / 16:0 ratios (p<0.001, p<0.001), but decreased the retinol and alfa tocoferol levels (p<0.01) compared with control group. Resveratrol administration to fructose treated rats decreased the retinol and cholesterol levels (p<0.01, p<0.05), and increased alfa tocoferol and vitamin d3 levels (p<0.01) in the liver. Our results s...
Nosheen Rafiq1, Asmatullah Kakar2,*, Arshad Ghani3, Asim Iqbal2, Wali Mohammad Achakzai2, Shagufta Sadozai2, Mohammad Shafiq4 and Mohammad Alam Mengal5
...e host were Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (33.39%), followed by Dermacenter andersoni (31.76%), Hyalomma aegyptium (26.16%), and Boophilus microplus (8.67%). The risk factor like sex and age of cattle did not demonstrate enormous relationship with the infestation ratio but rather there was relationship with both breeds and body conditions. The commonness of tick infestation in medium body conditi...
Attaullah Ansari* and Nasreen Memon
...ify;">Diversity and seasonal variation in abundance of Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) fauna were studied in five different habitats of various localities of central Sindh during March to December 2015. Adult specimens were captured/trapped through Malaise trap, Yellow pan water trap and insect hand net. As a result, a total of 783 specimens belonging to 8 species, 6 genera of two subfamilies were collected, among which Epis...
Shengyan Su, Zaijie Dong*, Wenbin Zhu, Lanmei Wang and Jianjun Fu
... full diallel cross combinations used for selection was built to investigate compensatory like growth of each combination. Yes/No(Y/N) effect was determined for specific combination dyads, which there were significant differences in body weight at tagging, but no difference in body weight at harvesting. Among the 36 dyads, 7 had an YN response (19.4%). When the YN effect had a fixed accumu...
Faiz Muhammad1,*, Syed Khurram Fareed1, Urooj Zafar1, Taseer Ahmed Khan2 and Aqeel Ahmad1
...avian mcyoplasmas contamination on cell lines or suspect fertile eggs for virus vaccine production.
...
Shahab e Saqib1*, Himayatullah Khan2, Sanaullah Panezai3, Ubaid Ali4 and Mazhar Ali5
.... A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data from farming households’ heads. Credit fungibility ratio and ANOVA were used to explore the credit fungibility and credit margin of investment among the groups of farmers. Results showed that a considerable proportion of loan was used in non-agricultural activities by all farmers in general and small farmers in particular. The findings of the study suggest that a strong monitoring of farmers is need...
Liana Mihaela Fericean1* and Mihaela Corneanu2
...shed.
...
Saba Manzoor1,*, Ali Raza Awan1, Abdul Wajid1, Sehrish Firyal1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Muhammad Mansha2, Asim Khalid Mahmood3, Abu Saeed Hashmi1 and Muhammad Wasim1,*
... 12 feline samples were analyzed using Sanger sequencing method and RT-qPCR for the mutation and expression profiling of c-Myc gene. The coding region of c-Myc gene (exon2 and 3) did not show any variation in both species. While expression of c-Myc gene was found to be up regulated in different canine (62.5% in mammary adenocarcinoma, 75% in oral squamous cell carcinoma, 66.6% in peri-anal sac adenocarci...
Rehana Shahida1, Tasnim Farasat1, Shagufta Naz1,* and Shahjahan2
...t /hip ratio, B.P., personal history and socioeconomic status were recorded. Fasting glucose and HbA1c was done by chemistry analyzer. Fasting serum insulin, IL-6, TNF-α and thrombomodulin levels were assessed by ELIZA. Gene expression was measured by RT-PCR. Insulin resistance was calculated by HOMA-IR. TNF-α and IL-6 levels were high in IGT and diabetic group as compared to control. ANOVA revealed highly signif...
Talat Bilal Yasoob and Nasir Ali Tauqir*
... by adding sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on the performance of broilers. Experiment was conducted in two phases. In first phase (0-4 weeks), six broiler starter rations were formulated; a ration without NaHCO3 was served as control whereas other five rations had 0.15-0.73% NaHCO3 in the rations. In this way six dietary treatments resulted in dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) and sodium levels of 245, 262, 279, 297, 314, 331 meq/k...
Estimation of Heritability, Genetic Advance and Correlation for Marphological Traits in Spring Wheat
Arshad Iqbal1*, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil1, Syed Mehar Ali Shah1 and Muhammad Sharif Kakar2
...ted traits. Correlation analysis showed that grain yield had strong positive phenotypic and genetic correlation with heading, maturity, flag leaf area and biological yield. Spring wheat genotype SM12 had best performance for grains spike-1 and grain weight spike-1 should be further tested at different location of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa for possible release as a new cultivar. ...
Jiandong Wu, Miao Ye and Zaigui Wang*
...ipidemic activities was analyzed in rabbits by feeding experiment. Firstly, the high extraction yield (5.32 mg·g-1) of total flavonoids were obtained under the optimal extraction conditions, which are 80°C for 3 h with corn silk over 60% ethanol ratio of 1:30. Then, the AB-8 resin was selected for the purification of flavonoids due to the higher static adsorption and adsorption capacity than other resins. The optimum conditions for purify...
Xue-yang Wang1, Shang-zhi Zhang1, Ming-hui Liu2, Dong Yu1, Yan Ma1, Dong-qiong Fei1, Hai-zhong Yu1 and Jia-ping Xu1,*
... adhesion and the Wnt signaling pathway. However, the function of ARM-repeat protein in Bombyx mori has not been completely clarified. In this study, a gene encoding ARM-repeat protein was identified, which has an open reading fragment of 1923 bp, encoding a predicted 641 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of approximately 71.2 kDa. BmARM-like mRNA showed high...
Prof. Dr. Saira Afzal
...mechanism in medical journals has to be stringent and flawless. The peer review systems are continuously being criticized, debated and updated. It may be open peer review or blind peer review, both have advantages and disadvantages. Open peer review is performed for scientific quality after publication. It is also known as transparent peer review and public peer review.
...
Ayesha Aihetasham1,*, Muhammad Saeed Akhtar1, Maryam Umer1, Khalid Zamir Rasib2 and Muhammad Imran Din3
Nehafta Bibi1, Muhammad Shafiq2, Munawar Saleem Ahmad3 and Haitao Wang1,4,*
...cial context has traditionally been attributed as social facilitation, which is an important characteristic of social and flocking birds. In this study, we investigated Eurasian siskin (Carduelis spinus) dominant individuals for neophobia and influence of social context on foraging. In our experiments, a subject (observer) was presented with three novel and familiar food in each of three contexts: asocial, first socia...
Müge Aliye Hekimoğlu*, Cüneyt Süzer,Şahin Saka andKürşat Firat
...effect of two different anaesthetics 2-phenoxyethanol and clove oil on the sedation of some aquarium fish species. The induction and recovery times were determined at five stages of melanistic and not melanistic clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris) and different sexes of Swordfish (Xiphophorus helleri). Clownfish were tested with 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 ml/l phenoxyethanol and 0.5, 1 and 1.5 ml/l clove oil. Swordfish were tested with 1, 3 and 5 ml/l phenoxy...
Mahreen Yahya, Noor Abid Saeed*, Sajid Nadeem, Muhammad Hamed and Sajid Shokat
...>(R.) and Sitobion avenae (F.). Mean seasonal aphid population (no. of aphids/tiller) on wheat plants during the whole season was the highest in NW-1-8183-8 and NW-3-3341-7 and the lowest in Faisalabad-08. However, grain yield was the highest in Galaxy-13 and the lowest was in Lasani-08 variety. Two applications of insecticide, (imidacloprid @ 625 ml/ hectare), significantly controlled the aphid population and enhance...
Mubashir Hussain1,Safdar Ali1, Muhammad Naveed Tahir1, Ghulam Abbas Shah1, Ijaz Ahmad2*, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar3 and Sohail Latif4
...Soil weed seed bank is a natural source for weed infestation. Determination of soil weed seed bank has primary importance to get complete picture of weed seed reservoir in the soil profile. An experiment was conducted at University Research Farm, Chakwal Road, Rawalpindi to compare the techniques for determination of soil weed seed bank during winter 2012-2013 under rainfed conditions of P...
Inayatullah Jan*, Sajid Khan, Noor Paio Khan and Muhammad Ashfaq
...sively selected villages namely; Nasir Kaly, Shankar and Kodeenaka. From the field surveys, it was found that majority of the respondents were smallholders or tenants. After procuring and properly utilizing credit, the yield of the major crops such as wheat, maize, and sugarcane and the resultant income of the respondents exhibited significant increase, as confirmed by higher t-values. The...
Tahira*, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Ayub Khan and Mubashar Ahmad Khan
...in rapeseed (Brassica napus).For this thirty-six rapeseed hybrids were sown in a RCBD with four repeats at NARC, Islamabad during the cropping season 2014 and 2015. Cluster analysis based on WARD’s method showed considerable genetic variation among the hybrids. In the first year, thirty- six Brassica hybrids were grouped into thirteen cluste...
Zeenat Bano1,*, Sajid Abdullah1, Waqas Ahmad2, Muhammad Anjum Zia3 and Wardah Hassan1
...idney) of fish, Cirrhina mrigala. The 3 different representative water samples and 60 fish samples (20 fish from each site) were collected from three sites i.e. fish-farm, hatchery and Indus River of Punjab, Pakistan. The results showed differences in physico-chemical parameters of water samples collected from all the sites. The concentrations of Zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) were higher in river water as compared to farm and hatchery...
Carolina A. Bonin1,2, Eric A. Lewallen2,3, Andre J. van Wijnen3, Marta Jussara Cremer4 and Paulo C. Simões-Lopes5*
... data that will inform management efforts, we characterized the habitat and recorded the behaviour of a Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) population within one of the most well-preserved estuaries off southern Brazil. Monthly surveys were conducted for one year (August 1999 - July 2000) within an area of approximately 100 km2, within the Paranaguá Bay Estuary. We...
Liushuai Hua1,3, Shiping Gong1,*, Xiangjing Zhong2, Jun Tao2, Yu Chen2 and Jieming Deng2
...Determining optimal hibernation conditions is important in resolving this problem. In this study, the effects of two important environmental conditions (water depth and availability of sand beds) on changes in body weight and health status in captive big-headed turtles before and after hibernation were evaluated. Results showed that providing a suitable sand bed during hibernation have a s...
Zhenyu Chang1, Hui Zhang1, Khalid Mehmood1,2, Mujeeb Ur Rehman1, Xiaodan Yuan1, Zhaoyang Li1, Fazul Nabi1, Xiaoxing Wu1, Xinxin Tian1, Xueting Liu1, Jingen Xu3 and Donghai Zhou1,*
...v>...
Boran Karataş, Muhammed Arabaci and Şükrü Önalan*
...the present study is to analyze the growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (G) and brown trout (Salmo trutta ssp) (K) monoculture and polyculture in 75-25%, 66-34% and 50-50% stocking rates and its effects on food utilization and to determine the results with respect to aquaculture. Stocking was conducted in 5 different ratios in the study and each different stocking ratio was considered as a group and 24 fish were used in each...
Minmin Chen1, Xiaoke Zhang1, Kexiong Wang2, Zhigang Liu1, An Wan3, Daoping Yu1,*, Hong Ji3 and Fangzhen Peng1
...ss porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) is a critically endangered species, as the whole population in the wild suffered sharp decline and fragmentation. Observations of the local spatial and temporal distribution dynamics can help establish better conservation strategies. In order to understand the characteristics of habitat chosen, a continuous 15 months observation on the distribution patterns of ...
Ehab Bo Trabi1,2, Xianjun Yuan1, Junfeng Li1, Zhihao Dong1, Assar Ali Shah2 and Tao Shao1,2,*
...y of tested silages was analyzed. No significant difference was found between the control and treated groups in term of dry matter (DM), neutral determgent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC). Acetic acid was significantly (P<0.05) low in G2 and G3, while propionic acid and yeast was significantly (P<0.05) low in LAB2. Gas production (GP 72) was significantly (P<0.05) high in LAB3. From the results of the prese...
Farid S. Ataya,1,2,* Dalia Fouad,3,4 Ajamaluddin Malik,1 Nikolaos E. Labrou,5 Mohamed S. Daoud1,6 and Hesham M. Saeed7
... using RT-PCR. Sequence analysis demonstrated significant differences between amino acid sequence of C. dromedarius and other mammalian GSTP1-1 enzymes. Phylogenetic relationship was studied with different organisms belonging to animal kingdom and revealed that CdGSTP1-1 is grouped with the enzyme from S. scrofa. The 3D homology model of CdGSTP1-1 showed similar fold and topology with the porcine GSTpi enzyme. Gene expression a
Tahira Perveen1,*, Shaista Emad1, Saara Ahmad2, Zehra Batool1, Sarwat Yousuf1, Sheeza Sheikh1, Sara Qadeer1 and Saida Haider1
... herbs are used as medicinal purposes. One such herb is Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). Fennel has many efficacious uses. It is a common herb and spice. It is used in many culinary purposes and also it has therapeutic purposes. In the present study antidepressant effects of fennel oil was monitored by comparing it with a synthetic antidepressant drug, fluoxetine. The rats were divided into three groups as control, drug a...
Jianping Li1, Qian Jiang2, Wei Chen2, Yumei Li3, Huaizhi Jiang4, Jinlong Huo5 and Qiaoling Zhang2*
... by immunohistochemical analysis showed either weak (the black cashmere goat) or strong (the white cashmere goat) expression of the KIT protein. These findings suggested a relationship between mutations in KIT exon 13 and differential fur color in cashmere goats. These results lay the foundation for further research on exon 13 of the KIT gene and color regulation in cashmere goats.
...
Amtul Jamil Sami1,*, Madeeha Khalid1, Rehman Shehzad1, Sana Mughal1 and A.R. Shakoori2
...ammary tissue during pregnancy and its release during pregnancy accounts for increased mammogenesis. Bubaline placenta was obtained and processed for extraction of extracellular proteins at pH 9.5 using Tris-Glycine buffer. Placental lactogen was purified by gel filtration chromatography using Sephadex-G100 and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE- Sepharose, employing a linear salt gradient. SDS-PAGE was used to monitor the ...
Zahid Latif1,*, Kathrin Blasius2-4, Tufail Hussain Tahir7, Muhammad Nasim Khan1, Ghazanfar Ali5, Ansar Ahmed Abbasi6, Abdul Rauf1, Hao Hu8 and Angela M. Kaindl2,3,4
...s made possible by illumination of sight similarly on opposite, blindness snatch this beauty of life and push the sufferers to unending darkness which also has a negative social and economic wellbeing impact on individual’s life. In society, the negative impact of visual impairment is the rejection and exclusion from all healthy activities of life. Patients suffering with RP first experience nyctalopia which gradually ...
Mumtaz Akhtar1, Shabana Naz2,*, Muhamamad Iqbal3, Waqar Azeem4 and Mirza Azhar Beg5
...s III, IV and V were dominant, while in the spring sample, animals of Age Class IV and V were predominant. Animals of Age Class I were represented for the first time in the summer sample. It was also observed that the seasons influenced the body weight of the gerbille at a statistically significant level (P < 0.01). Sex did not seem to be an important factor in this respect. However, interaction of age and sex was statist...
Karim El-Sabrout* and Mohamed H. Khalil
...incubated 12 h of light (natural) then 12 h of complete darkness (G1); and 12 h of light (natural) then 12 h of LED lighting (G2). From the obtained results, there were no significant effects of complement LED lighting” after effect on hatchability percent and dead embryos. There were differences observed in chick performance between the two groups, chick weight at hatch was significantly heavier in group of eggs expos...
Muhammad Khaled Siddiq1, Ayesha Riaz2, Muhammad Akbar Khan1, Muhammad Adeeb Babar1, Khalid Mahmood1,* and Muhammad Akhtar1
...is material expands our anatomical knowledge of this taxon. Boselaphus namadicus is spanning from about 3.4 to 0.6 Ma in the Siwalik Group. The Pleistocene species, Boselaphus cf. namadicus, was adapted to open and dry habitats of the Siwaliks.
...
Saba Khalid*, Muhammad Saddique Awan, Riaz Aziz Minhas, Nasra Ashraf, Khawaja Basharat Ahmed, Nuzhat Shafi and Sajid Abassi
... habitat use of avian fauna of Rawalakot city and its surrounding was studied from March 2006 to February 2007. The study area is situated in the center of district Poonch. For the convenience of data collection the study area was divided into six study sites; systematic surveys were conducted at each site. Direct sighting and indirect evidences were collected from all these sites. Seventy eight bird species were recorded that belonged to 34 families and 11 or...
Teresa Napiórkowska* and Julita Templin
...a larva of the Eratigena atrica spider, which had a well-developed prosoma and an additional, partly developed head with two segmented pedipalps and one chelicera with two fangs. The larva was obtained as a result of a teratological experiment based on the application of temperatures of 14 and 32°C changed every 12 h for the first ten days of spider embryogenesis.
...
Muhammad Anas1, Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar2*, Raza Ullah1, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar3, Ijaz Ahmad4 and Sohail Latif5
...ood security. In this scenario, the cropping systems which can meet the increasing demand of food, feed and forage are needed. Intercropping is an eco-friendly option for sustaining and increasing the productivity of farmlands. Therefore, a field study relating to sunflower-mungbean intercropping intensities under irrigated conditions was conducted at Agronomic Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during the spring season, 2014 in RCB design wi...
Sher Khan Panhwar1,2,3, Zhou Yong Dong1,4,*, Gao Tianxiang1,3, Wang Ping5, Han Zhiqiang1, Wang Zhongming1,4 and Wang Yang1,4
...ry status in the East China Sea was estimated using length frequencies data sets for 2001, 2004, 2009 and 2013 and catch and effort data from 2000~2012. Length frequency data for 8,350 individuals were collected using pair trawl nets. The predominant size classes in the catch comprised of 130−374 mm in 2001, 83−360 mm in 2004, 53−355 mm in 2009, and 23−389 mm in 2013. Growth parameters of asymptotic l...
Jing Xin Mao1,2, Guo Wei Wang2, Yuan She Huang3, Rui Wang2, Guo Ze Wang4, Bing Zeng1 and Fu Yuan Zuo1,*
...s major influence in the natural defense of the animal body. In this paper, by comparative study on BPI gene expression in various tissues between Rongchang pig and Landrace, we confirmed the expression of pig BPI gene in various tissues to determine the difference expression of antibacterial related gene among indigenous breed (Rongchang pig) and artificially cultivated breed (Landrace), The Rongchang pig (0 day old, 28 day old, 120 day old) and Landrace BPI ...
Pei-feng Yin1,2,Xiu-xiu Li1,Qi-wei Zeng3, Cheng-chen Shen1, Le Gao1 andJian-zhang Ton2,*
...orn disease, Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionisation time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF MS) and bioinformatics technique were used for characterize the differential expressed proteins. Almost 78 patho-stress responsive proteins which expression level more than 1.5-fold were identified, where 50 proteins were up-regulated and 28 proteins were down-regulated; The identified proteins were categorize...
LX Ye1,2, JX Wang1,2,*, P Li1,2 and XT Zhang1,2
...ebellum and gastrointestinal tract of African ostrich, but there is little known about its distribution in the testes of the African ostrich. In the present study, the distribution and morphological characteristics of ghrelin-immunopositive (ghrelin-ip) cells in the testes of African ostrich were investigated using immunohistochemistry. The testes of African ostrich consisted of a capsule and parenchyma. The capsule was divided into three annular layers, and t...
Shaista Naz* and Noor Paio Khan
... due to its multidimensional contributions at the household level. To highlight the contributions of livestock at household level the present study is conducted in Mohmand Agency of Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan. The study used a dataset of 323 households collected through face to face interviews from women respondents. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics, percentages and ra...
Muhammad Asad1, Safdar Ali1, Muhammad Ramzan Ansar2, Ijaz Ahmad3*, Muhammad Suhaib4 and Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar5
... wheat fields are predominantly affected by drought and infested by broad leaved weeds. ...
Ehtisham Shakeel Khokhar1*, Amir Shakeel1, Muhammad Amir Maqbool1, Muhammad Waheed Anwar1, Zoraiz Tanveer1 and Muhammad Fahad Irfan2
...neness (µg/inch). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences at 1% level of significance for all traits except fiber fineness. The mean performance of F1 populations were better than parents. Maximum GCV was recorded for number of monopodial branches followed by number of sympodial branches and seed cotton yield. High broad sense heritability estimates were reported for seed cotton yield and all yield contributing traits except fiber quality w...
Semra Benzer1,* and Recep Benzer2
...m Uluabat Lake regarding narrow-clawed crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz 1823) between 2015 and 2016. The relationships between total length (TL) and total weight (TW); carapace length (CL) for Astacus leptodactylus caught from Uluabat Lake were presented with tradional method of length-weight relation (LWR) Equation and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) method. The growth estimation of 540 crayfish w...
Haidar Ali* and Malik Muhammad Shafi
... the sampled districts. Analysis showed that the coefficients of household size, educational level of the sampled respondent, age of the sample small farmer, were positively related to the off-farm employment. While farm area operated was negatively but significantly related to off-farm employment. Similarly the small farm households of developed villages perform more off-farm employment than the small farm households of und...
Guang-Xin E1, Yong-Ju Zhao1, Yue-Hui Ma2, Ming-Xing Chu2, Jia-Hua Zhang1, Zhong-Quan Zhao1, Hui-Jiang Gao2, Huai-Zhi Jiang3, Di Liu4, Li Liu5, Yan-Bin Zhu6, Wang-Dui Basang6, Luo-Bu Danjiu7, Tian-Wu An8, Xiao-Lin Luo8, Shi-Cheng He7 and Yong-Fu Huang1,*
...es in mixed pools of dominant and nondominant follicles of goats. These data will contribute to research on the molecular mechanisms of dominant follicle selection in goats. In this study, 90276370 and 115579236 clear reads in dominant and nondominant follicles of goat were generated through Illumi
Hailong Dong1, Hui Zhang2, Kun Li2, Khalid Mehmood2,3, Mujeeb Ur Rehman2, Fazul Nabi2, Yajing Wang2, Zhenyu Chang1,2, Qingxia Wu1,* and Jiakui Li1,2,*
...s tested by slide agglutination test and a mouse model was built to assess the lethality of the E.coli isolates through subcutaneous-infection. Out of 81 E.coli isolates, the most prevalent gene detected was ompA (90.12%), followed by ETT2 (69.14%), irp2 (54.32%), EAST1 (46.91%), CS31A (41.98%), estB (19.75%), eaeA (14.81%), estA (12.35%) and K88 (1.23%), while others were negative. T...
Imran Ali Rajput1*, Tajwer Sultana Syed1, Ghulam Hussain Abro1, Imran Khatri1 and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi2
... as tobacco (Nicotiana tabacium), neem (Azadirachtin indica) and datura (Datura stramonium) were used in traditional method. The overall results showed that the sprays at different interval indicated the highest pest population reduction at tobacco (17.45-15.09%) followed by neem (14.58-15.33%) and datura (11.72-7.81%) in both varieties and similar trend was also noted in the second year of the ...
Imtiaz Ahmed, Muhammad Abbas Khan, Noorullah Khan, Naveed Ahmed, Abdul Waheed, Fazal Yazdan Saleem, Sajjad Khan and Sohail Aslam
...ons; garlic cultivar (china) and three levels of intra-row spacing (10, 15 and 20 cm) were included in the study. Data regarding disease occurrence, disease severity, plant height (cm), bulb weight (g), bulb diameter (mm), clove weight (g), number of cloves bulb-1 and yield (t ha-1) was measured. The result of the study reveals that plant spacing had significant impact on the occurrence of rust disease and its severity, yield and yield components. Plants with ...
Jie Wu1, Jiagui Zhu2, Ke Wang2, Dejing Cai2, Yingying Liu1, Yanzhen Bu1,* and Hongxing Niu1,*
...he small population in Henan Province, China, a reintroduction program was conducted in the Dongzhai National Nature Reserve in 2007. Wild birds bred in semi-wilderness were reintroduced. Habitat selection and breeding ecology of crested ibis in Dongzhai National Nature Reserve has not been studied. To clarify the breeding status of the crested ibis and ...
Fahad Tanveer1, Adnan Afzal2, Muhammad Adeel3*, Sana Shahid4 and Maham Masood5
...re outcomes of sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAGs) versus Maitland manual therapy in improving non-specific neck pain. It was a quasi-experimental study design. The study was conducted in Chaudhary Muhammad Akram, Teaching & Research Hospital, Lahore and Suriya Azeem Teaching Hospital, Lahore within six months from June 2015 to December 2015. A total of 75 subjects with non-spe...
Sana Imran1*, Sarwat Jahan2 and Mohammad Sair3
...tudy was conducted in Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi in the Pharmacology and Therapeutics department of Basic Medical Science Institute (BMSI). In 90 days study, 80 patients of mild and moderate psoriasis vulgaris were placed into A and B groups. The Betamethasone valerate treated patients were placed in group A while Calcipotriol treated patients were placed in group B; 40 patients in each group. The Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI criterion)...
Bibi Haleema1*, Abdur Rab1 and Syed Asghar Hussain2
... the year 2013 at ARI Tarnab, Peshawar to optimize calcium, boron and zinc concentration for enhancing the growth and fruit related attributes of tomato. The experiment was conducted using Randomized Complete Block (RCB) Design with 3 factors, replicated 3 times. Calcium (0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9%), Boron (0, 0.25, 0.5%) and Zinc (0, 0.25, 0.5%) were applied as foliar spray three times. Calcium application at 0.6% increased plant height (88.04 cm), number of primar...
Medeni Aykut
...stern and South-eastern Anatolian regions of Turkey. A total of 3,990 dysticid specimens were collected from 118 different localities and identified. In total, 40 species in 17 genera of family Dytiscidae were recorded, of which 37 were new to the study area. Eretes sticticus (Linnaeus, 1767) is the second record for Turkish fauna. Furthermore, Hydroporus inscitus Sharp, 1882...
Temel Gokturk1, Elif Tozlu2,* and Recep Kotan2
...vironmental issues, alternative methods were sought in the past; and in this context, studies were conducted to find new methods in which fungi and bacteria were used in the biological control against pests. Totally 10 bacterial strains including 2 strains of Brevibacillus brevis (CP-1, FD-1), 1 strain of Bacillus thuringiensis (FDP-1), 2 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae (FDP-8, FDP-42), 2 strains of Bacillus thuri...
Ajmal Khan Kassi1,*, Humayun Javed1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
...ective and reliable alternative approaches for the management of this pest. As the information regarding resistant cultivars is lacking, therefore, the objective of the present study was to identify resistant sources from among the available commercial okra cultivars. Okra cultivars showed significant variations from comparative susceptibility to comparative resistance. On the basis of fruit and shoot infestation caused by <...
Ibrar Muhammad Khan1, Rifat Ullah Khan1,*, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2, Tahir Usman2, Adnan Khan1, Zakir Ullah1 and Hamid Rehman1
...font> integrity, seminal pH and dead sperm percentage in fresh and thawed semen. Data were subjected to one way analysis of variance. High sperm individual motility (85.12 ± 0.51%), progressive motility (20.25 ± 0.47%), plasma membrane integrity (82.25 ± 0.43%), acrosomal integrity (79.91 ± 0.51%), and DNA integrity (98.54...
Quang Minh Dinh
...v>...
Shumaila Ashfaq1, Liaqat Ali2*, Muhammad Ashraf Zia2, Rizwan Ahmad Khan2 and Mehtash Butt3
...ment alone.
...
H.I. Hosein1, Sherin Reda Rouby1*, Ahmed Menshawy1 and Ahmed E. AbdAl-Ghany2
... quarantine of the veterinary authorities were employed. Serological examination using BPAT, RBT and CFT in 141 cows revealed 109 (77. 3), 105 (74.47) and 104 (73.76) seropositive respectively. Relative sensitivity, relative specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of BPAT, RBT and CFT were estimated as, (98.04%, 76.92%, 91.74% and 93.75%); (94.33%, 85.71%, 95.24% and 83.33%) and (93.46%, 88.23%, ...
Qunhua Han1,2, Meiwen Zhang1,*, Cong Guo2, Xunjun Zhou1, Bo Li1 and Yong Wang1
...rements to study the postnatal development of Yangtze voleMicrotus fortis calamorum from birth through approximately 3 months of age with respect to growth. Vole pups were randomized into litters of 1-2 (LD, low density), 3-5 (MD, medium density), and 6-9 (HD, high density) individuals, and the body weight, body length, tail length, and hind foot length were measured and curve-fitted by using Von Bertalanffy and Logistic equations. Instantaneous ...
Anan Kenthaoand Pornpimol Jearranaiprepame*
...ue to identify fishery management units of C. apogon from six populations of three different river drainages: Pong, Chi, and Mun Rivers. Thirty-two truss measures and standard length were obtained using digital calliper from 291 fish individuals, and raw measured data were then subjected to allometric equation to remove size-dependent variation prior further statistical analyses. Mu...
Wali Khan1,*, Noor-Un-Nisa2 and Aly Khan3
... world.
...
Muhammad Iqbal1, Khalid Usman2*, Muhammad Munir3 and Muhammad Sohail Khan1
...xt-align: justify;">Pollination time is one of the most important factors, which affect pollination efficiency and fruit set. Fruit set, yield and physico-chemical characteristics of date palm cv. Gulistan were assessed under agro climatic condition of D. I. Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during 2012 and 2013. Treatments consisted of five varied pollination timings i.e., at spathe open...
Muhsan Ali Kalhoro1,2, Danling Tang1,*, Ye Hai Jun1, Morozov Evgeny1, Sufen Wang1 and Muhammad Aslam Buzdar2
...timate the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) of Portunus spp. to evaluate the population state of crab fishery from Pakistani waters. The catch and effort data of crab fishery from 1999-2009 were obtained from and handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan. Two computer software programs CEDA and ASPIC were used which were based on surplus production models. From CEDA Fox, Schaeder and Pella-Tomlinson were used with initial proportion (IP) 0.9 were used...
Bacillus subtilis BML5 Isolated from Soil Contaminated with Poultry Waste has Keratinolytic Activity
Aqsa Imtiaz and Abdul Rehman*
...ria from the soil contaminated with poultry waste. From amongst nine bacterial keratinase producing isolates were found. The BML5 isolate was identified as Bacillus subtilis based on biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA Ribotyping. B. subtilis BML5 showed maximal keratinase activity at 37°...
Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,2, Abdul Majid Khan1,*, Ghazala Roohi3 and Muhammad Akhtar1
.../p>...
Saswati Roy1, Rakesh Pashi2, S. Dey3 and Shantanu Jha2
Pan Hong, Ruonan Li, Yumeng Li, Hainan Lan* and Xin Zheng*
...tion.
...
Gut Microbe Analysis between Asthma Patients and Healthy Volunteers in Shaanxi Province, Xian, China
Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Muhammad Shahzad2, Xiaokang Wu3, Chaofeng Ma4 and Jiru Xu1,*
... causes inflammation and narrows the air passages. Present study aimed to characterize the gut microbiota of asthma patients and to investigate the alteration in similarity and diversity of gut microbial composition with comparison of healthy controls. Fecal samples from fifteen patients and five healthy individuals were collected. PCR-DGGE, by using universal primers focusing V3 region of 16S rRNA
Muhammad Saqlain1, Humaira Kalsoom1, Muhammad Fiaz1,2, Abid Mahmood1, Rizwan Aziz Qazi4 ,Waseem Safdar5, Pakeeza Arzoo Shaiq1,Bernard M.Y. Cheung3 and Ghazala Kaukab Raja1,*
...he involvement of intestinal fatty acid binding protein in the pathogenesis of MetS.
...
Relationship of PIT-1 Gene Polymorphism with Breeding Parameters and Body Weights of Cows and Calves
Jarosław Pytlewski1, Ireneusz Antkowiak1 and Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska2,*
...in-Friesian cattle. The analysis included 1024 cows and 3663 calves of the Polish Black-and-White Holstein-Friesian breed (phf). The study included an analysis of one polymorphic place PIT-1 (c.1178G>A). The source data used to calculate the indicators of reproduction were collected from cows inseminated by semen of Black-and-White Holstein-Friesian bulls and giving birth to single calf...
İbrahim Aytekin1,*, Ecevit Eyduran2, Koksal Karadas3, Rifat Akşahan4 and İsmail Keskin1
...equation for fattening final live body weight from several body measurements and fattening period of native, crossbred and exotic breeds. For this aim, a total of 103 young bulls were used. In the prediction of fattening final live weight as an output variable, several continuous predictors evaluated in the current study were: withers height (WH), back height (BH), front rump height (FRH),...
Rafiullah*, Muhammad Jamal Khan and Dost Muhammad
...0) seeds were first germinated in sand culture and then three weeks old seedlings (7.5 cm) were transferred to water tubs containing Hoagland solution without P. The treatments included 0, 18, 36, 72, 144 and 216 mM as KH2PO4 solution foliarly applied three times with one week intervals starting after two weeks of seedlings transplantation. Each treatment unit consisted of 10 seedlings arranged in CR design with three replications. Plant height, shoot and root...
Muhammad Siraj-ud-Din1,2, Riaz Aziz Minhas1, Usman Ali3,*, Mayoor Khan2, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Nuzhat Shafi1 and Basharat Ahmad1
...will help conservation management of the species in the area. The habitat use of urial was determined on the basis of direct or indirect evidence (e.g. animal sightings, fecal pallets and hairs) in different habitats. Information on food consumption was collected by using scan sampling technique and also collected from local people, hunters and shepherds (n=78). During scan sampling, focused feeding animals were observed with the help of a telescope and spotti...
Hayat Badshah1, Farman Ullah1, Paul-André Calatayud2, Hidayat Ullah3 and Bashir Ahmad1
...v>...
Sayyed Ghyour Abbas1, Muhammad Adeeb Babar1,*, Muhammad Akbar Khan1, Kiran Aftab2, Ayesha Riaz3, Abdul Ghaffar4 and Muhammad Akhtar1
...ns, P. cf. nagrii, Selenoportax cf. vexillarius, Tragoportax punjabicus, T. cf. salmontanus, Elachistoceras khauristanensis and Gazella lydekkeri. The boselaphines are predominant at the type locality. The taxa are consistent with a Late Miocene-Early Pliocene age of the deposits. The findings expand our knowledge on the dental anatomic features of th...
Serap Gelibolu1,*, Yasemen Yanar2, M. Ayce Genc3 and Ercument Genc4
... assess the impact of mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) on growth performance, body physiology and tissue morphology of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Treatment of fish with MOS-feed shown a significant increase in live weight and protein efficiency rates when were directly compared with mock-treated fish control. However, there was no statistically supported level of significance was observed for growth rates and feed conversion rates among groups. Impr...
Saleh S. Alhewairini1,* and Mahmoud M. Al-Azzazy1,2
...of new integrated pest management. After the direct application of Huwa-San TR50, N. cucumeris could also sustain its population on treated and/or dead T. urticae, under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Statistically, the difference between laboratory and greenhouse conditions was insignificant (P > 0.5, using F-test Graphpad prism 7). Up to 3000 ppm of Huwa-San TR50 reduced the population of N. cucumeris by 11.83 and 17.66% under ...
Saleh S. Alhewairini
...ppropriate methods for managing and controlling it. A huge fund was given for managing and controlling RPW in several countries. In this study, the potential toxicity of oxamyl to RPW was evaluated under both laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory, oxamyl had significant effects on the mortality of RPW. After exposure to direct spray of oxamyl, adult mortality was 62, 82 and 100% whereas larvae mortality was 72, ...
Rana Hanan1*, Muhammad Waqar Shafi1, Sumair Anwar2 and Numrah Nawaz1
...esigned. The cross sectional study of 4 months was carried out on the students of Shalamar Medical and Dental College. Students were aged from 18-25 years and a sample of 100 students was enrolled by stratified random sampling after written consent. We recorded blood pressure at three different time points, one minute apart in sitting position after ten minutes of rest. The average of three measurements was considered as fina
Xiaoting Zhang1,2, Jiaxiang Wang1,2,*, Peng Li1,2,* and Lixun Ye1,2
...ancreas and gastrointestinal tract of African ostrich chicks (Struthio camelus), little is known about its distribution in the lung of the African ostrich. To provide the morphological basis of ghrelin function in the African ostrich lung, the distribution and morphological characteristics of ghrelin-ip cells were investigated using immunohistochemistry. The results indicate that the lung of African ostrich was composed of interstitial tissue and parenc...
Wen-Feng Li, Xiao-Yan Wang, Ying-Kun Huang*, Rong-Yue Zhang, Jiong Yin, Zhi-Ming Luoand Hong-Li Shan
... Tetramoera schistaceana (Snellen) and Chilo sacchariphagus (Bojer) were measured in pesticide–treated and untreated areas during 2014-2016. The results indicated that the in untreated areas, percent dead-heart was 8.30% - 58.83%, the percent stalk injured was 26.73% - 96.67%, the percent internodes bored was 4.40% - 25.87%, and the effective stem number was reduced by 4440-21900 stalk/ha. Measured yield and sugar yield loss results ...
Lihong Qin1, Guoliang Zhang1, Chaojie Zhu1, Jian Wu1, Zhihui Zhao2,* and Yumin Zhao1,*
... Thereafter, comparison analysis was done on miR-122, miR-449a, DUSP4, PDK4 and FKBP1B mRNA expression levels in different bull testes tissues (1-day, 12-months-old and 24-months-old). In addition, genes mRNA and protein levels were detected after bull testicular Sertoli cells were transfected with...
Bian Xunguang1,2, Li Jiancheng1, Xu Chu1 and Yang Li2,3,4,*
...arts of the oviduct was analyzed by qPCR. Oviductal structure was observed by H&E staining. The distribution of AR in the cells was detected by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the expression of AR mRNA was found in the infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus and vagina of the oviduct. The expression of the AR mR
Tanzeela Riaz1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2,* and Syed Shahid Ali3
...n pest, Trogoderma granarium collected from godowns of Punjab, Pakistan. Six populations of khpara beetle with different levels of susceptibility to phosphine were used in this study. Based on LC50, five populations (previously exposed to phosphine for 15 years)viz., Mandi Bahauddin-I (MBDIN-I), Mandi Bahauddin-II (MBDIN-II), Gujrat, Gujranwala and Sargodha were labeled as phosphine-tolerant populations and one population never exposed...
Rana Fartab Shoukat1, Shoaib Freed1,*, Kanwar Waqas Ahmad1 and Ateeq-ur-Rehman2
...was conducted by using binary mixtures of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana (isolates Bb-01, Bb-10), Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae (isolate Ma-11.1, Ma-2.4)and Isaria fumosorosea (isolates If-2.3, If-02) and chemical insecticides i.e., bifenthrin, lambda cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, triazophos, spinosad, pyriproxyfen and nitrinpyrum, as larvicides against C. pipiens. ...
Wanrong Wei and Weiguo Zhang*
...ng young, sleeping, hibernation, food storage, protection from predators and extreme environment, and the function of burrows varies with the degree of burrow complexity. We studied the burrow architecture (length, internal dimensions, fractal dimension of tunnel systems, number of nesting chambers and surface holes) by excavating the tunnels of 24 burrow systems of the plateau pika (Ochotona
Salma Javed, Saima Majeed, Nasira Kazi and Shahina Fayyaz*
...e bearing 20-22 longitudinal ridges, tail conical, tapering evenly to narrow terminus 116-128 µm long. Cellular body content extending 2/3 of the tail length. Heterodorus longidens (Jairajpuri and Loof, 1968) Andrassy, 2009 is reported for the first time from Pakistan is briefly redescribed and illustrated.
...
SHARIF UDDIN, MD. HASIBUL HASAN, MOHAMMED MAHBUB IQBAL, MOHAMMAD AMZAD HOSSAIN
...roductive biology of Vietnamese Climbing Perch in earthen pond. The female fish elucidates rounded, swollen abdomen and reddish pelvic fin while the male fish also possess a reddish pelvis fins but generally smaller, narrower. The surfaces of male’s pectoral were little rough during the breeding season. The Gonado-somatic index (GSI) value of female Ana
Safdar Ali1*, Ghulam Abbas Shah1, Muhammad Naveed Tahir1, Shahid Mehmood2, Asim Gulzar3 , Ijaz Ahmad4 and Bashir Ahmad Khan5
...n: justify;"> Sustainability of the soil productivity and soil moisture conservation are two major problems of rainfed agriculture. Thus, to address these issues, a two year field study was carried out at Agronomic Research Area of University Research Farm of PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi during 2012-14.The effects of different tillage systemscombined with glyphosate herbicide on soil moisture content,bulk density and porosity associated wit...
Tariq Mahmood*1, Syed Wasif Ahmed Shah1, Muhammad Rais1, Hira Fatima1, Faraz Akrim1 and Muhammad Sajid Nadeem2
... plant material by avifauna. The current study investigated nesting use of tree species by avifauna at Pabbi Range Forest Kharian (32.811°N and 73.865°E), District Gujrat, from September 2013 to June 2015. Data were collected from five selected sampling sites by searching and identifying nests of different bird species in various vegetation types and observing birds on the nest. The nests were monitored for breeding ...
Faiza Ambreen*1 and Muhammad Javed2
Ghazala Saeed1, Rabia Wajid1* and Ayesha Yousaf Dar2
...iated with multiple maternal and fetal complications. Eclampsiais an obstetric emergency and quick decision making is required to save lives. The objective of the study was to compare the maternal mortality after cesarean section versus vaginal delivery among eclampsiapatients.It is a descriptive case series conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lady Willingdon Hospital, fr...
Irfan1* , Arshad Javid2 , Muhammad Altaf3 , Muhammad Shahbaz3 , and Khalid Javed Iqbal4
...th increase in age were analyzed in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). Genderwise variations and effect of rearing systems i.e. free range, semi-intensive and confinements were also assessed from 1st to 6th month of age. Total sixty (n = 60) experimental birds were divided in to three groups i.e., poults having age 4-8 weeks (10 ♂
Warda Fatima1 , Shahida Hasnain1 , Saqib Mahmood2
...another important determinant studied and was identified that three of four offsprings of cousin marriage were schizophrenic. It was concluded from the present study that along with inherited nature of schizophrenia importance of shared environment cannot be ruled out. There is an urgent need to educate general population about the consequences of disorder so that people take it cautiously and it may treated early and its ba...
Sidra Iqbal1, Muhammad Irfan2*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Fouzia Tabbsum1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1
Haji Muhammad1, 2, Zafar Iqbal1, Qamar Bashir2, Muhammad Amir Hanif3
...r />
conservation and management of ichthyofauna in the Indus Rivers, Pakistan...
Gamalat Osman1, Mansour Galal1, Abbas Abul-Ezz2, Ahmad Mohammed1, Mohammed Abul-Ela3 and Asmaa Mostafa Hegazy2
...ustify;">The freshwater snail Lanistes carinatus was tested as bioindicator to assess water quality and identify exposure to oil contaminants. L. carinatus was chronically exposed to crude oil at intervals of 24 hours, 15 days and 30 days. The LC50 of crude oil for L. carinatus was 700 ppm. HPLC a...
Ayesha Aihetasham1*, Khalid Zamir Rasib2, Syeda Rida Hasan1, Imran Bodlah3
... extracts of three medicinal plants viz., Carica papaya (paw paw), Helianthus annus (Sunflower) and Bougainvillea glabra (Paper flower) against Heterotermes indicola. The leaf extract of C. papaya caused highest mortality i.e. 100% of 10%, 5% and 3% concentration. Bougainvillea glabra and H. annus caused 100% mortality at 10% and 5% concentration while 96.4% mortality on 3% concentration after exposure period of 10 hours. B. glabra extracts also caused 100% mo...
Muhammad Khalid, Muhammad Naeem*
...lvic fin length (PvFL), anal fin length (AFL), eye diameter (ED), caudal fin length (CFL), caudal fin width (CFW) of farmed collected Ctenopharyngodonidella were studied to know their correlation with reference to size (TL and W), and types of growth pattern. Correlation coefficient (r) value (0.984) shows high significant relationship between total length and wet body weight, while growth pattern was isometric as value of ‘b’ being 2.97 (95% confi...
Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad1*, Syed Makhdoom Hussain1, Farhat Jabeen1, Abdullah Ijaz Hussain 2,Sajjad Ahmad3, Abida Ashraf4,Muhammad Zubair-ul-Hassan Arsalan1
... test diets. Anti-utritional factors (phytate) are present in plant by-products reduces the bioavailability of minerals to fish, resulting in poor fish erformance. Test ingredient was used as M.oleiferaleaf meal (MOLM) to prepare six experimental diets that were supplemented with graded levels of phytase (0, 300, 600, 900, 1200 and 1500 FTU kg-1). The fingerlings were fed at the rate of 4% of live wet weight twice a day and feces were collected from each tank....
Effect of Post-coital intervals on DNA STR profiling of semen donor in the post-coital vaginal swabs
Manzoor Hussaina,b
...ext-align: justify;">Vaginal swabs are considered as most probative evidence material in sexual assault cases to get the DNA profile of the perpetrator. With the increase in post-coital interval, the possibility to get the autosomal DNA STR profile of the perpetrator diminishes rapidly from an alive victim. This become...
Naeem Iftikhar1, Qamar Zaman Qamar2, Usman Ali3, Muhammad Siddique Awan4, Syeda Shaista Bibi4, Riaz Aziz Minhas4*
...n=28) was noted at PirChinasi range area. An increasing trend in population was observed due to improvement in watch and ward, law enforcement and other conservation measures. Habitat deteriorating, agricultural activities, livestock grazing and seasonal grass cutting, fire and hunting were identified as major threats to the survival of this species in AJK. This study recommended the immediate formulation and implementation ...
Maleeha Manzoor1*, Madiha Manzoor2, Qurat-ul-ain Ahmed3, Sobia Ahmed4, Shazia Manzoor5
...ence of anemia among pregnant women attending Government Mian Munshi Teaching Hospital, Lahore. For this, one hundred pregnant females were selected randomly; relevant data was collected by interviewing and filling a questionnaire especially designed to record various socio-demographic characters of patients and their dietary history. Prevalence rate of anemia in the present study was foun...
Maryum Fakhar, Iqra Jabbar, Anjum Nasim Sabri*
...illus subtilis and Halomonas aquamarina (1)] in the presence of nickel. Two concentrations of nickel were used i.e., 500μg/ml and 1000μg/ml for subsequent tests. The results revealed that at low/ sub-inhibitory concentration of nickel (500 μg/ml), motility is inhibited; adhesion, hydrophobicity, aggregation, EPS production and biofilm formation of two strains are increased. This biofilm forming ability can be employ...
Asma Akhtar, Abdul Rehman
...ose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity was increased to 279% (1f) and 150% (2b) when ompared to the respective control indicating the ability to tolerate tellurite tress. Differential pattern of bacterial proteins in tellurite stress was obtained by SDS-PAGE. Both bacterial strains can be utilized to convert toxic tellurite into its elemental form from the contaminated sites....
Bushra Mazhar1, Nusrat Jahan1, Nazish Mazhar Ali1, Saiqa andleeb2, Shaukat Ali2*
...n is not only considered natural but also safe for human health....
Phong Huy Pham1 and Hoa Thi Dang2
...record to the sphecid fauna of Vietnam. The first information on nesting biology, description, and distributional notes are also provided....
Telat Yanik1,* and Irfan Aslan2
...tween global warming and naturally occurring migrations. However, several models have been presented that elucidate the negative impact of global warming on the aquatic biodiversity. While impact of global warming on habitat is imperative, additional factors such as predation, food shortage or heavy fishing may exacerbate the climatic impacts on the aquaculture biodiversity. Based upon current general consensus among researc...
Rabia Qurashi, Qurat ul Ane Gillani* and Furhan Iqbal*
...ied parameters remained unaffected indicating that CGP55845 can be injected intraperitonially for the treatment of neurological ailments.
...
Malak Atiq Ullah Khan* and Fida Mohammad
...pping seasons. Combined analyses of variance for G and GEI were significant for almost all traits. Significant GEI suggested that the performance of genotypes was not consistent across environments, revealing strong influence of environments. Generally, GEI explained major portion of total variation and thus had larger effect than G and E on the expression of phenotype for all traits. Average over nine environments, genotype G-79 exhibited maximum values for t...
Qingying Jia1, Hui Wang1, Tianhong Wang1, Na Dong1, Shuguang Ren1,2, Xiaolong Yang1, Jingze Liu1,* and Zhijun Yu1,3,*
... great medical and veterinary importance, and can transmit a great diversity of pathogens. The current study investigated the effects of temperature on reproductive fitness of the engorged H. longicornis, results indicated that the engorged H. longicornis could survive all treatments at 0°C and 4°C, and pre-ovipositon periods were prolonged after 0°C, 4°C and 40°C treatment, whereas it was shortened after 37°C stress (P<...
Sajid Muhammad* and Fida Mohammad
...he current study was to analyze genotype by environment interaction (GEI) of grain yield for 50 genotypes using GGE model. Germplasm was field-tested using alpha lattice design in two replications at Peshawar (E-1 and E-3), Hangu (E-2 and E-4) and Kohat (E-5) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan during 2011/12 and 2012/13.GGE biplot analysis explained 79.89% (PC1=56.57 and PC2= 23.32%) of the total variation. Genotype G19 p...
Rimsha Nawaz1, Muhammad Javed1, Sidra Abbas1* and Safina Kousar2
...ase enzyme activity was analyzed. Activity of peroxidase was assessed by measuring the conversion of guaiacol to tetraguaiacol, spectrophotometrically, at a wavelength of 470 nm. The peroxidase activity was measured in the selected organs exposed to various sub-lethal concentrations of iron chloride. The results revealed that peroxidase activity was increased significantly in both kidney and liver after exposure to iron chloride in all the treatments as compar...
Tariq Mahmood1,*, Fakhra Fazal1, Faraz Akrim1, Hira Fatima1 and Muhammad Sajid Nadeem2
...re could be substantial anatomical differences between them, not yet documented. The current study compared morphological and anatomical characteristics of the two species inhabiting the Potohar Plateau. Results showed marked morphological and anatomical differences between two mongoose species studied. External morphometrical characteristics including b...
Faiza Hassan1, Mubshara Saadia1,*, Muhammad Sher1, Mian Anjum Murtaza2, Muhammad Arshad3,Asam Riaz4 and Mahmood Ahmad Khan5
...c.
...
Abu ul Hassan Faiz1,*, Fakhar-i-Abbas2 and Lariab Zahra Faiz2
...to December, 2015 using snap traps by applying line transect technique in wild area by using over 3840 trap nights in eight type of soil (sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, loam, clay loam, silt loam, silty clay loam). A total of 1571 animals were captured belonging to species of Nesokia indica, Mus musculus, Mus budooga, Millardia meltada, Tatera indica and Golunda elliotti. The maximum number of rodents was captured in loamy soil ty...
Zahid Farooq1, Sufi Muhammad Akram2, Muhammad Saleem Khan3,* and Muhammad Wajid4
...barren areas.
...
Niamat Ullah Khan1*, Abdul Aziz Khakwani2, Sami Ullah2, Najeeb Ullah2, Abdur Rauf3 and Inam Ullah2
...eld and quality on sustainable basis. Field trial was conducted in 2013 and 2014 at Cotton Research Station, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan to study the effect of tillage systems [ridge tillage (RT) and flat tillage (FT)] and 5 nitrogen levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kgN.ha-1) on cotton lint yields, quality and earliness. Experiment was laid out in a RCB design with split plot arrangements replicated thrice. Tillage methods were allotted to main ...
Soraya Khosravian Dehordi*, Abdolnaser Mohebbi and Kahin Shahanipour
...n oral administration of nano-selenium (nano-Se) influencing on biomarkers of oxidative status in the rats spleen exposed to the cadmium (Cd) metal. For this purpose, thirty male rats equally divided into six groups, group I received nano-Se (0.1mg/kg) alone as dose, group II selenite odium (0.1mg Se/kg) alone, group III Cd chloride (300mg/250cc), group IV Cd along with
Addishiwot Fekdu, Afework Bekele and Demeke Datiko*
...To collect the rodent fauna, six study grid sites were identified and marked. These were three from exclosure and three from control sites. Twenty-five traps were used to capture the rodents. Four hundred sixty two (462) individuals of small mammals were captured and one recorded as observed species during both dry and wet season. They were identified into six species. Among these, 458 (99.1%) were rodents and 4 (0.9%) were insectivores. The trapped species we...
Farah Rauf Shakoori, Momina Shokat, Faiza Saleem and Tanzeela Riaz
...ign: justify;"> Xylanase enzyme is of great importance commercially because of its high stability at elevated temperatures and in alkaline conditions. The present study was aimed to isolate and screen xylanase producing bacteria and to optimize cultural conditions for maximum production of enzyme from locally isolated bacteria and to optimize the assay conditions under which enzyme possessed maximum activity. Two bacter...
Mohammed Mahbub Iqbal*, Mehedi Hasan Kanon, Mohammad Amzad Hossain, Abul Hossain, Shamima Nasren, Md. Jahidul Islam, Md. Arifur Rahman
...distributed. Simpson dominance index were found to be highest (0.94) in April and lowest (0.91) in January. The diversity indices only evenness index was found to be significant (<0.05) among the months. It revealed from the survey that 8 indigenous species which were previously available but not found for 3 to 12 years in the study area. As 5 vulnerable, 7 endangered and 1 critically endangered fish species were available in the study area that is why it i...
Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Arooj Zaheer and Rabia Yaqoob
...silk obtained from Neoscona theisi, an orb-weaver spider of Araneidae family. Evident inhibition of fungal growth was observed on bread treated with web silk of N. theisi as compared to untreated control. It is concluded that silk of N. theisi possess antifungal property....
Syed Kashif Nawaz*, Faiza Zubair and Sidra Kanwal
...genes and 5% uni-directional genes. These categories may further be differentiated as coding vs. coding, coding vs. non-coding and mixture of both types on the basis of overlapping gene structure. Our analyses revealed that human genome has various types of overlapping genes. The occurrence of these overlapping genes is not solely dependent on the size of the chromosomes.
...
Abdul Malik1,2, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Abdul Ghaffar3, Sara Ferrando4 and Lorenzo Gallus4
...vival rate. Biochemical analysis of fish meat showed that moisture, protein, lipid, ash and crude fiber were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by salinity level. The hematological parameters like hematocrit, cholesterol and plasma triglycerides were similar among fish fed on different salinity level (P < 0.05).
...
RuiHua Zhang, YongFang Jia, TingTing Liang, QianWen Yang, QiYan Du and ZhongJie Chang*
...ely. Chromosome synteny analyses revealed that CcSox5 and CcSox13 weretightly linked with the etnk gene, which was conserved in all species; however, there were no conserved regions flanking CcSox6. Numerous essential transcription factor binding sites (TFs) were predicted within the 2000 bp upstream of the 5’ end of these genes. These TFs include BSX, BRN4 and NGN–NEUROD, which have been shown to be involved in the early stage...
Yakut Gevrekçi* and Çiğdem Takma
.../div>...
Ozgur Altan*
...he solid part have been analyzed. According to the results obtained, it was observed that the solid part could not be used commercially by substituting the fish meal in a rate of one-to-one, and that it could be included in the formulation as a second class raw material although it is not as valuable as fish meal in terms of amino acid balance.
...
Amjad Khan1,*, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq1, Mansur ud Din Ahmad1, Jawad Nazir1, Zahida Fatima2, Asghar Khan3 and Shahid Hussain Farooqi3
...try stakeholders no vaccination against EI is performed, also the information regarding the epidemiology and occurrence of EI is lacking in Pakistan. We hereby attempted to determine the seroprevalence, investigating the EI outbreak 2015-16, and describing the demographic and management risk factors associated with seroprevalence of EIV. Using ELISA kit and HI as serological methods for diagnosis, we found a 24.13% (168/696)...
Yunjun Yan, Zhenming Lü, Tianming Wang, Yongjiu Chen, Jingwen Yang, Baoying Guo, Lihua Jiang, Changwen Wu and Liqin Liu*
...f Guangdong Province, China, and analyzed the phylogenetic relationship with other cephalopod species. The results show that the mitochondrial genome of O. dollfusi composed of 15843 nucleotide pairs and encodes 13 proteins, 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 22 transfer R
Muhammad Usman Saleem1, Saima Masood1,*, Hafsa Zaneb1, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Asim Aslam3, Kamran Ashraf4, Habib-ur-Rehman5, Muti-ur-Rehman3 and Muhammad Shabir Shaheen6
...e present study aims at analyzing effects of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) and organic acid blend (OAB) supplementation individually and in combination on carcass yield, small intestinal microarchitecture and serum biochemistry in Hubbard chicks. A total of 128 one day-old chicks were divided equally in four different groups with each group having 4 replic...
Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed*
...o induce puberty and pregnancies successfully. The aims of the present study were to evaluate ovaries age effect on restoration function upon transplantation in mice and rats. Eighteen adult female rats were classified to three equal groups in addition to sex young females as donor of young ovaries. Similar classification was done using eighteen female mice and sex young females. The females of mice or rats were anesthetized for ovarian transplantation using (...
Saara Ahmad1,*, Iftikhar Ahmed2, Saida Haider3, Zehra Batool3, Fatima Ahmed4, Saiqa Tabassum3,6, Syeda Madiha3, Tahira Perveen3 and Saad Bilal Ahmed5
...ged chicken meat, raw spinach and soybean for a period of six weeks. The levels of plasma cholesterol, progestril, estradiol, and androgens were estimated at the end of the experiment. The ovaries of the rats were collected, weighed and histopathologically evaluated for the development of cysts. It was seen that the ovaries of the group treated with caged chicken meat showed increased cholesterol levels, imbalanced steroidal sex hormone levels, increased ovary...
Qamar-un-Nisa1, Muhammad Younus2,*, Muti-ur-Rehman1, Azhar Maqbool3 and Sajid Umar4
... taken for histological analyses. All the infected subjects showed clinical signs of varying severity. Co-infected groups showed the most obvious clinical signs, associated with significant higher mortality and respiratory organ abnormalities, in comparison with the mono-infected groups (P<0.05). There was a non-significant (P>0.05) effect of the inoculation time intervals between vNDV and E. coli inoculation (none or 3 days). Microscopic lesions ...
Tania Ahmed Shakoori1,*, Muhammad Saqib Saeed2, Asif Hanif2, Saima Mukhtar3 and Ayesha Ghauri4
... important events in the natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Their frequency is directly related to the prognosis of the disease. The objective of this study was to identify the ‘frequent exacerbator’ phenotype and determine the risk factors for increased frequency of acute exacerbations in local chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients...
Muhammad Zahid1*, Muhammad Ather Javed Khan2, Muhammad Idrees3 and Ahmad Kamran Khan4
...tries. Integrated pest management project was launched in Punjab and run by agriculture extension department. Farmer Field Schools were formed at each village level. Present study was designed to evaluate the role of integrated pest management for cotton production technologies by the registered growers of Hasilpur, Punjab. In order to collect this information an interview schedule was prepared and respondents (150 growers o...
Tania A. Shakoori1,*, Soumble Zulfiqar2, Khadija Irfan Khawaja3 and Faisal Masud4
Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Anwar Saeed Khan and Said Alam
...te. Knowing such traditional knowledge provides an opportunity to understand how the farmers are adapting to new type of weather. The study was carried out in Balambat Tehsil District Dir Lower. They study is primarily based on questionnaire survey and focus group discussion. A total of fifteen villages out of total 173 were selected for study, 75 farmers were interviewed, 05 from each of the 15 selected villages. A total of...
Muhammad Tariq1*, Muhammad Khawar Hussain1, Zilakat Khan Malik2 and Noor Jehan1
... 176 were located in Tebana Dhere and 206 in Sarkai village. It is find out that 47% of land area was under the cultivation of strawberry with average production of 2898 kilogram per acre. The per acre average values of land preparation, NPK fertilizer, labor, seedling, farm yard manure and pesticides were recorded 6.00 hrs, 248 kgs, 143 man days, 24413 seedling, 1.48 trollies and 1.21 litres respectively. The results also showed that strawberry producers were...
Tahira Kamal1*, Saeed-Ul-Hassan Khan2, Amir Bin Zahoor3, Khalid Naeem3, Muhammad Naeem Riaz1, Siddra Tayyab Akhtar4, Ghulam Muhammad Ali1*
...b> virus, member of Picornaviridae. It has seven serotypes with no cross protection among these. FMD is responsible for heavy economic losses in cattle and buffalo. So rapid and accurate diagnosis of FMD is uttermost need of this time. Several lab.techniques are developed for rapid detection of FMD but these are expensive and time consuming. Elisa, cell culture, Reverse Transcriptase (RT-PCR) and real time PCR need specific high quality equipments in lab. Wher...
Lowell Gustafson
...cientists see meaning in nature and history despite Peters’ claim to the contrary; (2) even though most big historians are atheists or agnostics they are still interested in religion because they want to know why people believe what they do; and (3) it is a mark of hubris or pride that a religious person (or even a scientist) would claim total knowledge about ultimate reality. Ted Peters adds to a discussion that is taking place along our current pilgrim...
Waqas Liaqat1, Mohammad Akmal1* and Jawad Ali
... with almost half of the national average in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province. The study aims to find outoptimum sowing time for a suitable variety (OPV or hybrid) in Peshawar. Field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, the University of Agriculture Peshawar during summer 2016. Experiment was a randomized complete block with split plots in three replications. Factor one was sowing dates (June 18, 30, July 15, 2...
Ann Milliken Pederson
...nities, social sciences, natural sciences) into a holistic integration of knowledge, places the quest and the question of God within the historical narrative of the natural and cultural history of the entire cosmos, and offers a vision of hope and action to create a sustainable and wholesome view for the future.
...
Nancy R. Howell
...eeper thinking about the nature of God? Surely, reflection on these two questions will show that Peters has generated a fruitful method for and approach to Cosmic History.
...
George L. Murphy
...he scientific account of natural history. But, in my critique, I contend that it is God that provides this meaning, not we human beings. Instead of just an anthropic principle, I appeal to a theanthropic one. It is God who created the cosmos so that flesh would evolve for the Word to become flesh, and to unite all things in that incarnate Word.
...
Francisco J. Ayala
... of teleology in evolutionary biology. This requires further discussion. Scientifically speaking, we can perceive design in nature without a designer. On the one hand, there is purpose in nature. Human eyes have a purpose, namely, to see. Teleological explanations are required in biology for (1) goal oriented behavior;...
Ted Peters
...ay while studying a combination of natural history and human history? No, say big historians; we cannot ask the God question. Religion maybe, but certainly not God. It follows that we need more than just Big History which looks at nature through scientific lenses. We need Cosmic History to pose the God question, and even to discern human meaning within an otherwise imperso
Ayesha Bibi*, Musharaf Ahmad and Shaukat Hussain
...ected weed samples were analyzed in laboratory for the presence of bacteria. The samples were crushed homogenized in 0.85% TBE buffer and platted on YDC (Yeast extract-Dextrose-CaCO3) for bacterial growth. For identification of the characteristic bacterial colonies Cmm-specific primers CMM-5 and CMM-6 were used for amplification of 614bp product from pat-1 gene of bacterial plasmid. The whole bacterial DNA
... stuff, feces licking, unnatural aggressiveness, pacing, head tossing was more periodic in lions housed at Lahore Zoo (site 1) in contrast to lions at display at Safari zoo Lahore (site 2). The frequency of natural behavior was periodic in African lions housed at Safari zoo Lahore. In the present study stereotypic behavior in lions represented here as a tool to measure the level of comfort at housing sites. This behavioral d...
Shahid Mehmood1,*, Bushra Nisar Khan1, Hassan Raza1, Rida Ahmad1, Azhar Muhammad3, Zulfiqar Ali2, Farhan Abid1, Fehmeeda Bibi4 and Syed Maviz Ahmed5
...mer season. The most dominant species were house crow, Corvus splendens (n=2518), house sparrow, Passer domesticus (n=772), common myna, Acridotheres tristis (n=327), black-crowned night heron, Nycticorax nycticorax (n=190) and jungle babbler, Turdoides striatus (n=186). Among 71 species, Alexandrine parakeet, Psittacula eupatria was the only near threatened species: all other specie...
Abdul Malik1,2, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Abdul Ghaffar3, Sara Ferrando4, Lorenzo Gallus4 and Syed Sajjad A. Shah2,3
Syed Asif Imran Shah1*, Shah Jehan Khan2, Kalim Ullah1 and Obaid Ullah Sayal2
...ing principle component analysis. The experiment was carried out at Cotton Research Station, Deara Ismail Khan, Pakistan during 2014-15. The triplicated randomized complete block design was followed and attributes of interest were plant height, monopodia plant-1, sympodia plant-1, bolls plant-1, plant population, seed index, boll weight, lint index, staple length, lint %, fibre fineness,staple strength, uniformity ratio and seed cotton yield. The a
Muhammad Abubakar,1,2,* Aamer Bin Zahur,1,3 Khalid Naeem1,3, Muhammad Azeem Khan1,3 and Subhan Qureshi4
...div>Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a highly fatal and economically devastating disease of sheep and goats. Present study was designed to have an insight into the epidemiology of PPR under field conditions in the country using molecular tools. A total of eighty-four (n = 84) PPR outbreaks were investigated during the study (2010 to 2013). The highest number of outbreaks was reported from Punjab province (n = 38) followed by Sindh (n = 21) and Khyber Pakhtu...
Tasleem Akhtar*, Muhammad Asif Aziz, Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Sheraz Ahmedand Imran Bodlah
...).
...
Muhammad Luqman1,3, Raheel Saqib2*, Xu Shiwei3 and Yu Wen3
...lved in multiple diverse nature of field operations. Inspite of their high contribution in farm and non-farm activities, there exist gender disparity with reference to agricultural extension, education and other farm advisory services. The study was conducted in district Sargodha located in the central Punjab, Pakistan. Personal interviews were conducted from male head as well as spouses of each selected farm family. The tot...
Imran Khan*, Zahir Shah, Wiqar Ahmad, Farmanullah Khan and Muhammad Sharif
...nd 15 t ha-1 FYM in combination with 75, 50 and 25% of the recommended NPK (INM5:75, 10:50, 15:25) in sub plot (5 * 3 m2) and tillage practices (TP) in main plots. Tillage practices effect on micronutrient status was significant, however, variations in physical properties were negligible. The Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn contents were 23, 11, 38 and 33% higher in ST than DT soil, respectively. Significantly higher OM in ST than DT soil is supporting these results where i...
Senol Celik1,* and Orhan Yilmaz2
...thers height (WH), abdominal width (AW), rump height (RH) and chest depth (CD) can significant effect the body weight. Quantitatively, it was identified that values of WH > 62.500 cm and RH > 67.500 cm can positively correlated with the highest body weights. On the other hands, MARS model’s finding showed that the dogs which had the values of WH > 51 cm can be expected to have the highest body weights. The calculated model evaluation criteria of...
Abdul Malik1,2, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Abdul Ghaffar3, Ghulam Dastagir4, Sara Ferrando5, Lorenzo Gallus5, Asad Ali Muhammad1,6, Abdul Jabbar2 and Khalil-ur-Rehman2
Meghan Griffith
...do otherwise (i.e., alternatives). But in an intriguing discussion in the introductory chapter, Fischer draws a comparison between determinism and foreknowledge with respect to moral responsibility, arguing that, like determinism, foreknowledge is compatible with our having it. Thus, he offers a parallel to one of his landmark views, namely his semicompatibilism about determinism. Fischer defines semicompatibilism abo...
Saima Akhtar Qureshi1 and Asim Anwar2*, Ather Maqsood Ahmed3
...to collaborate with international agencies to introduce sound agriculture practices like Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Pakistan. In IPM technique natural parasites and predators are used to check pest growth instead of pesticides which reduces ecological and health damage. Pesticides are used at the last resort in IMP method so it reduces the cost ...
Muhammad Ijaz Khan* and Amanullah Jan
...ha-1), alone and in combinations with gypsum (1000 kg ha-1) as inorganic soil conditioner were applied a week before sowing of maize. Design used was randomized complete block with split plot arrangement replicated thrice. Experimental site was Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar. Irrigations regimes were subjected to main plots while soil conditioners to subplots. Results of the two years study indicated that most of the yield and s...
Katherin Rogers
...rick Todd and Neal A. Tognazzini – I shall refer to the three as “Fischer”) in Our Fate: Essays on God and Free Will, briefly mentions a solution which is somewhat similar to the one I take to be the most successful way of dealing with the dilemma of human freedom and divine foreknowledge. He presents the solution as Ockhamism plus “eternalism” and dismisses it quickly in that it req...
Wang Jian1, Abdur Rehman2*, Noor Khan3, Wang Zhengjia4, Ji Peng-fei5, Xie Cong6, Muhammad Niamatullah Khan Babar7 and Raheel Saqib8
...ata of Hebei province China for the period 2000-2014.The descriptive statistical analysis, correlation test, Extend Linear Expenditure System (ELES) model, Gray relational analysis and the residual test have been used in this study.The results of the study indicates that all the rural households consumption have the increasing trend except the Engel coef...
Afsheen Masood1*, Rubab Musarrat2, Shama Mazahir3 and Adeela Ashraf4
...ated by the correlation analysis that better greater satisfaction was associated with better quality of life. The findings carry significant implications for clinical professionals, health psychologists, community workers and the future researchers. ...
Aneeza Jamshed1* and Syed Amir Gillani2
... 2014 to Sep 2014. Data analysis was done with SPSS 20. After describing the important variables, average percentages were used to find out the difference between pre and post awareness performances and t score and p value was calculated. All the students (150) were boys, 98% belonged to a lower middle class family with the age of 9-12 years. During pre-testing evaluation, students were never given the knowledge about hepatitis C, its source of transmission (c...
Arooj Fatima1* and Ashfaq Ahmed2
...easured by using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and functional outcome measured by quick Disabilities of arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) questionnaire. The p-values were found to be significant for VAS (0.001) and for DASH (0.000). The paired sample t-test was applied in two sub groups of group A and similarly in group-B. The values were statistically significant i.e., 0.001 for VAS, 0.000 for ...
Zehra Mohsin1*, Sarah Shahed2 and Talat Sohail2
...ial support and professional quality of lifeof nurses in public hospitals. A sample of 160 nurses of age (M=33.48, SD=9.18) was selected from public hospitals of Lahore. The nurses completed a demographic information form, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Supportand Professional Quality of Life Scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 2...
Muhammad Yahya Noori1*, Saharish Rizwan2, Zaheer Ali3 and Shaheen Sharafat4
... Data were obtained and analyzed from 164 individuals suffering from MDR TB. Records were scanned to evaluate the presence of a close contact with known history of Tuberculosis. Tabulations and analysis were performed in Microsoft Excel® and online calculators. Analysis of contact data showed that only 36% of the patients had a close contact with a known Tuberculosis patient. Chi-squar...
Uzma Zahid
...ip, achievement, educational) and their relationship with life-satisfaction in final year medical school students of both genders. This cross-sectional study was carried out in final year students of a medical college in Rawalpindi, Pakistan using 24 items revised English Version of Career Aspiration Scale (CAS) and 5 items Satisfaction with Life Scale (...
Attia Anwar1, Sajida Malik2*, Zobia Usman1 and Sadia Chiragh3
...city on liver enzymes, renal function, serum uric acid and blood cell counts of Sprague-Dawley rats. For this purpose, twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided in two groups. Group A (n=10) was given distilled water and Group B (n=10) was supplemented berberine hydrochloride with dose of 75 mg/kg body weight/day. 24 weeks post-treatment, blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture from both groups and tested for Hb (%), WBC, RBC and platelet counts, SGPT, ...
Michael Almeida
...m some action makes alternative actions unavailable to us.
...
Bashir Ahmad1*, Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Hayad Zada2, Shahid Sattar1, Toheed Iqbal3, Saddam Hussain1 and Muhammad Saeed4
...investigate population dynamics and observe the impact of temperature, relative humidity and rainfall on population of Plutella xylostella (L.) in Cauliflower, Brassica oleracea crop at District Haripur of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Field studies results showed that the population of P. xylostella gradually increased from mid of July where the population was 2.1 and 2.0 larvae and pupae per plant in the year 2012 and 2013 respectively. The population increased in Sep...
Fazal Ullah1*, Muhammad Sajid1, Syeda Leeda Gul2, Bibi Zainub1 and Maaz Khan1
...rus sinensis) cv. Sherkhana-I” was carried out at Post harvest Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan. The research was conducted in completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors i.e. hot water dipping times (0, 5, 10, and 15 Minutes) and storage durations (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 Days). Hot water dipping times significantly affected the quality parameters of Sherkhana<...
Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman1,Farzana Abbas2,Ghulam Abbas3,*, Arshad Javid4, Ali Hussain4, Syedah Andleeb5,Khalid Javed Iqbal6 and Muhammad Akmal1
...p was exclusively fed on natural food composed of tilapia fry while fish in T1 was fed on 30%, T2 on 35% and T3 on 40% protein diet, respectively. A total of 240 Channa marulius (945 g) were arbitrarily stocked in 12 earthen ponds (90 ft × 70 ft × 4 ft) @ 20 fish per pond. Fish were fed at 5% of their wet body weight two times per day. The net weight gained of broodstock wa...
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Riaz Hussain2, Kashif Prince1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Mamoona Chaudhry 3, Sehrish Firyal4, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan5 , Mian Saeed Sarwar5, Hazrat Ali5, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Ikramul Haq1 and Muhammad Sajid Hasni3
...hnique. Biochemical examination was performed to isolate S. aureus that further were tested Penicillin, Glycopeptide, and Cephalosporin classes of antibiotics for confirmation of MDR isolates using disk diffusion method. MDR were tested in vitro for response against various antibiotics. A questionnaire was filled for estimation of association of assumed risk factors with prevalence. Nonparametric tests at 5% pr...
Kashif Prince1,*, M. Sarwar Khan1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Muhammad Asad Ali2, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Nisar Ahmad3,Rais Ahmed2, Aamerzish Mushtaq4, Sajid Umar4 and Yung-Fu Chang5
Samra Imran1,* and Afifa Tanweer2
...factors with the nutritional status of Pakistani celiac patients. For this purpose 50 diagnosed celiac patients were selected from Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex and Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Nutritional assessment was carried out through anthropometric, biochemical and dietary evaluation of the participants. Results indicated that participants aged less than 18 years and those diagnosed within first year of life, had significant...
Alptug Sari*, Ahmet Arpacik and Sagdan Baskaya
...are under threat both at national and international level. In all 239 bird species were identified. Among these species, 10 species were found to be under threat of extinction at national and international (IUCN)...
Wali Khan1,*, Noor-Un-Nisa2 and Muhammad Asif Nawaz3
...valence of Taenia saginata and Hymenolepis nana (tapeworms) infections among farmers, education concerned and shepherds of Swat, Pakistan. A total of 1041 stool samples were examined from January 2006 to December 2008 using direct smear and concentration methods. Two hundred and twenty one (21.2%) participants were found infected with one or more than one intesti
Justyna Batkowska1,*, Lukasz Wlazlo2, Kamil Drabik1, Bozena Nowakowicz-Debek2, Karrar I.A. Al-Shammari3 and Magdalena Gryzinska1
...es of eggs to microbial analysis were. After 17.5 days of incubation its results were evaluated. Chicks were reared for 14 days and their livability and body weight gains were registered. The effectiveness of grapefruit juice as a disinfectant for hatching eggs was noticed in terms of reducing the development of microflora on the eggshell. Its use did not directly affect the hatching results and chick quality, however, they were similar to control groups, what...
Sumaira Zareen1, Syeda Sadaf Zahra2, Ayeza Mehmood3, Muhammad Asadullah4* and Aish Muhammad5
...n of an endangered medicinal plant Neurada procumbens L. from Cholistan desert in Pakistan. Nodal segments from healthy grown plants were used as explants and cultured on standard Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of benzyl amino purine (BAP) or kinetin for shoot induction and Indole acetic acid (IAA) for primary shoot and Indole Butyric acid (IBA) for root pro...
Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar1*, Abid Ali2, Manzoor Hussain2, Saadia3, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar4, Ijaz Ahmad5 and Sohail Latif6
...nt. Therefore, some alternative but sustainable, environment friendly and cost effective approaches of nutrient management can be a possible solution for these problems. So the present study was conducted at Agronomic Research Area, Groundnut Research Station Attock, Pakistan during rabi 2013-14 to check the effect of different integrated nutrients manag...
Alim-un-Nisa1*, Sajila Hina1, Sania Mazhar1, Imran Kalim1, Ijaz Ahmad1, Naseem Zahra1, Shahid Masood1, Muhammad Khalid Saeed1, Qurat-ul-Ain Syed1 and Maida Asif2
... The spectrophotometric analysis at 474nm of extracted color both in crude form and in candies was found to be stable at 4oC and showed decay in mean lutein concentration at higher temperatures i.e. 25oC and 45oC. The microbiological study of the extracted color and candies prepared in laboratory and dyed with T. erecta extract color showed that the color extracted from T.erecta itself do not promote microbial gro...
Noreen Rasul1*, Madeeha Rashid2, Aqeela Abbas1 and Rubina Sohail3
...on preterm and stable neonates in reducing neonatal morbidity and mortality. This is a case series design of 121preterm and low birth weight neonates, weighing less than 2500 gram, enrolled from 1 August 2016 till31 January 2017.Kangaroo Mother Care is initiated after birth, after performing early essential newborn care practices. Weight gain of 20-30 gram for three consecutive days, estab...
Muhammad Naeem1, Bushra Sadia1,2,*, Faisal Saeed Awan1and Muhammad Anjum Zia3
...ions.
...
Bashir Ahmad1, Muhammad Idrees1,*, Kafeel Ahmad1, Dawood Ahmad2, Sajid Ali3 and Shumaila Bashir4
...osis) strains predominant in the province. Therefore, this study was planned to study the genetic diversity in the M. tuberculosis isolates isolated from clinical samples. In the current study total 794 patients were tested for suspected tuberculosis by fluorescence microscopy and GeneXpert system during the study period (2015-2016) at the Provincial TB Reference Laboratory, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Among the 794 patients studied, 170 samples g...
Yanjie Guo1, Weini Wu1, Hongmei Wang2, Xiao Guo2 and Yongping Xu2,*
...nisms recognize and eliminate foreign antigens, and the process of local immunity in the female reproductive system is regulated by the coordinated integration of the nervous, immune and endocrine systems. The nerves that branch from the inferior mesenteric ganglion (IMG) are a major source of sympathetic nerves, which dominate the immune response of the female reproductive system. Interle...
Ali Murad Rahoo,1,2,* Tariq Mukhtar,1,3 Shoukat Ibrahim Abro,4 Barkat Ali Bughio5 and Rehana Kanwal Rahoo6
...ce can be used for the management of insect pests.
...
Rahila Nizami1, Muhammad Zahid Latif2*, Intzar Hussain3 and Khalid Rashid4
...an obligatory inter-personal skill for executive positions and medical professionals are no exception. They play crucial roles in variety of scenarios including leading wards, camps, campaigns, open houses, seminars and symposiums as well as day-to-day bases dealing with clinical directors and managers. This research w...
Sadaf Ghulam Rasul1*, Uzma Yaqub2, Maida Manzoor1 and Hafsa Mubasshar1
...d estrogen production. Danazol is a synthetic androgen whereas Letrozole is aromatase inhibitor. This study was conducted to compare the mean decrease in visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score with Danazol versus Letrozole for the pain management of endometriosis in females. A total of 140 females fulfilling inclusion criteria were registered and an non-...
Nukhbat-Ullah Awan1*, Muhammad Sohail2, Zeeshan Sarwar3, Muhammad Mustahsen Bashir4, Muhammad Abbas Khokhar5 and Asad Aizaz Chatha6
... incubation period, vaccination status and investigations were recorded. All patients were managed in ICU and early tracheostomy was performed in addition to standardized medical treatment. A total of 86% males with age 32±8.3 years presented the study participants. Results demonstrated thatmost common mode of trauma was road traffic accident, and majority (54%) of patients were never vaccina<...
Ayesha Saeed*, Mobina Naqvi and Ahsan Javed
...ssess the effect of maternal food insecurity on birth weight of neonates in Lahore, Pakistan.Ina prospective cohort conducted at Shalamar Hospital Lahore; from April to August 2016, written informed consents were obtained from 103 eligible pregnant women. Data on demography was collected through a structured questionna...
Abida Sajid* and Aqsam Sajid
...ext-align: justify;">Pregnancy and childbirth is an event celebrated worldwide. During pregnancy physiological changes and increasing demand causes fall in hemoglobin level leading to anemia and adverse pregnancy outcome especially in young girls. Anemia is a major public health problem. Around 58.27 million women worldwide are anemic during pregnancy 95...
Zahid Akram, Saif Ullah Ajmal, Ghulam Shabbir, Muhammad Munir and Nasir Mahmood Cheema
INHERITANCE MECHANISM OF SOME YIELD COMPONENTS IN BREAD WHEAT
...enotypes was studied to analyze the inheritance pattern of yield components in bread wheat. The different yield related traits estimated were spike length, number of spikelets spike-1, number of grains spike-1, 1000 grain weight and grain yield plant-1. The analysis of variance depicted that 56 F1 and their parents were significantly different for all the parameters. Uniformity of Wr-Vr over arrays as well as significant dev...
Muhammad Naeem Safdar, Khalid Naseem, Muhammad Amjad, Amer Mumtaz and Saeeda Raza*
...t regions of Punjab and analyzed for physicochemical characteristics during 2006 to 2008. The quality parameters studied were test weight, 1000 kernel weight, foreign matter (non-edible and edible), broken/shrunken grains, damaged grains, moisture, ash, protein (N x 5.7), wet and dry gluten, falling number, and minerals (copper, manganese, iron, zinc). It was observed that wheat samples varied considerably within each region and also between regions. Attock re...
Muhammad Iqbal, Jalal-ud-Din*, Muhammad Munir** and Mohibullah Khan***
...iability of 95.67%. Pollination with different males on Dhakki females resulted significant variation in fruit set. The highest fruit set occurred due to M5 pollens. Fruit yield per bunch was significantly affected due to different male palms. The highest fruit yield per bunch was obtained by fertilization of M5 pollens....
A. R. Rattu, M. Fayyaz, I. Ahmad, M. A. Akhtar* A. A. Hakro and K. A. Khanzada**
...read wheat lines of National Uniform Wheat Yield Trial, 2004-05 were evaluated against stripe and leaf rust at multilocations in different agro-ecological zones of the country presenting hot spots for leaf and yellow rust along with artificial inoculation with prevalent pathotypes. These candidate lines were undergoing mandatory testing to develop varieties for irrigated and rainfed areas of Pakistan. Out of these 29 candidate lines, 9 were common to NUWYT 200...
Saeeda Raza, Muhammad Naeem Safdar, Amer Mumtaz, Nouman Siddiqui, Khalid Nasim and Muhammad Amjad*
...y was to prepare nutritionally balanced baby foods from indigenous food materials utilizing home cooking methods and evaluate the sensory attributes and shelf life at ambient conditions. Four different recipes of baby foods were developed containing 50% cereals, 30% legumes, 10% vegetables and 10% nuts and seeds. Different processing methods cleaning, washing, germination of pulses, peeling, cutting and blanching of vegetabl...
Naheed Akhtar, Azra Nasim*, Ata ul Mohsin**, Muhammad Ashfaque, Shaheena Yasmin, Ghulam Jilani, Afzala Tashfeen, Waseem Ahmed Gilani, Irshad Begum* and Muhammad Munir***
...ed that five wheat lines namely V- 01078, V-00055, KT-7, V-01180 and DN-47 were resistant with damage rating of 2- 3. Twelve wheat lines/varieties, 99B4012, 99B2278, V-9021, V-002493, Wafaq 2001, PR-84, TW0135, CT-00062, 7-03, PR-86, V-02192 and Chakwal 97 were found moderately resistant. Three wheat lines/varieties namely RWM-9313, V-00125 and Diamond were moderately susceptible (MS) with damage rating of 6. No wheat line w...
Naheed Akhtar, Noreen Moin, Ghulam Jilani*, Ata ul Mohsin**, Shaheena Yasmin, Afzala Tashfeen*, Munir Goraya**** and Irshad Begum*
...varieties/ lines of National Uniform Wheat Yield Trials (NUWYT) 2004-05 were used. Among the tested germplasm (one variety and 11 lines of wheat), V-5 line was found resistant and NRL-2017 line was found susceptible to Rhopalosiphum padi. The results of Antixenosis Test indicated that two wheat lines, V-5 and PR-83 were least preferred and three lines viz., NRL-2017, V-00055 and V-00BT004 were highly preferred by the test insect. The results of Antibiosis Test...
Raania Ahsan* and Zafar Altaf**
... is 80 % with nearly 36 unapproved varieties. Most of these varieties are Cotton leaf curl virus susceptible, poor in fiber quality and high input demanding unapproved varieties. Almost all these varieties employed Monsanto Cry1Acgene (MON 531) as it was not patented in Pakistan. A positive development was approval of Monsanto plan to introduce advanced genetically modified (GM) crop technology in Pakistan by Government of P...
Ambreen Akhtar Saddozai and Samina Khalil*
...ine the microbial contamination in the most commonly consumed bakery products i.e., biscuit, cake, and bread. Samples were randomly collected from 12 sectors (main markets and sub-sector markets). These samples were analyzed for total plate count (TPC), total coliforms, fecal coliforms, E. coli, yeasts and moulds. None of the sample was found contaminated with E. coli, contami
Golam Moula* and Sayedur Rahman**
...otentiality of seed germination of wild vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash) over a five-month period (from mid July to mid November 2003) along with other phenological features. The total length (mean ± SD) of vetiver culms was 206.32 ± 42.43 cm. The root and shoot lengths (mean ± SD) of 8 weeks old seedlings were 3.93 ± 0.25 cm and 4.79 ± 1.29 cm, respectively. The fitted regression line equation for the root and shoot l...
Zaheer Ahmad, M. Yaqub Mujahid, M. Anwar Khan, Shaheena Yasmin, M. Asif and Maqsood Qamar*
...s by BARI, Chakwal and finally it was evaluated in National Uniform Yield Trials conducted in rainfed ecology of Pakistan for two consecutive years. The NR-268 performed better than all other lines including local check and gave 21.5% higher grain yield than check in Punjab and 8.3% higher yield on overall country basis during 2005-06; whereas, during 2006-07 it gave 26% higher grain yield than check in Punjab and 10.18% hig...
Sidra Majeed, Shahid Ahmad*, Asif Ali Bhatti** and Ghazanfar Abbas***
...as initiated at the National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC) during 1998-1999. Data of wheat grown using chemical fertilizers for the same period were obtained for wheat productivity from the Farm Operations and Services (FOS) crop registers. Water productivity of barani organic desi wheat (C591) grown at NARC was ...
Khalid Mahmood Aujla, Sajida Taj*, Khalid Mahmood** and Nadeem Akmal*
...tors of yield decline, a national level field survey was conducted during June 2008 by Social Sciences Division, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council through its satellite institutes in the provinces. Total 238 wheat growers were purposively selected from different cropping zones of the Punjab province as sample of the national survey. The survey resul...
Z. A. Soomro, M.B. Kumbhar, A.S. Larik*, M. Imran** and S.A. Brohi***
... generations. The traits namely plant height, bolls/plant and seed cotton yield/plant displayed high heritability (72.97 - 75.55%) with remarkable genetic advance (112.46 - 357.01%) indicating that these traits were predominantly governed by additive gene effects and direct selection may be effective. Boll weight and seed index exhibited low genetic advances irrespective to their high heritability estimates, probably due to ...
Haq Nawaz Malik*, Iffat Ara**, Muhammad Naeem, Mozammil Hussain, M. Hanif Munawwar and M. Yousaf
...hybrids and 13 open pollinated varieties of maize were evaluated at the National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad during kharif 2007. Significant differences were observed for days to 50% tasseling and silking, plant height, ear height, number of kernel rows per ear, number of grain per row, 100 grain weight, grain moisture and grain yield. The hybrids NT-6622 and NT- 6651 ranked top and second in grain yield by produ...
Nasreen Sultana* and A.Ghaffar**
...which enhanced seed germination and reduced seed infection in bottle gourd. Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, Gliocladium virens, Stachybotrys atra and Bacillus subtilis showed better results in the control of pre- and post-emergence infection of L. theobromae in seedling of bottle gourd in vitro and in vivo. G. virens has been found most effective to reduce seed and root infection in vivo whereas B. subtilis performed best to reduce seed and seedling infectio...
Naheed Akhtar, Muhammad Ashfaque, Waseem Ahmad Gillani*, Ata-ul-Mohsin**, Afzala Tashfeen and Irshad Begum*
...sp;The germplasm of National Uniform Wheat Yield Trials (Normal) (2003-04) were screened against Rhopalosiphum padi L., bird cherry oat aphid at National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad. Twenty National Uniform Wheat Yield Trials (NUWYT), Normal and 12 (NUWYT) rainfed varieties/ lines were evaluated for seedling bulk test to know the resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible ...
Hassnain Shah, Hina Riaz, Nadeem Akmal , Muhammad Sharif* and Abdul Majid**
...Pakistan with a share in national and agricultural GDP estimated to be 11.3% and 51.8% respectively. Pakistan accounts for 143 million animal heads in 2006. However, livestock population and fodder production are inversely related. The fodder area per adult animal unit has significantly declined from 0.067 ha to 0.035 ha and production declined from 1.31t to 0.80t from 1986 to 2006. Inadeq...
Babar Hussain*, Muhammad Ashfaq**, Mazher Abbas***, Khalid Mahmood**** and M. Ather Mahmood***
...gn: justify;"> Regional market integration in many agricultural commodities has been extensively studied for the insight, it provides in to the functioning of such markets; such studies provide valuable information about the dynamics of market adjustment, and whether there exist market imperfection, which may justify government intervention. This study used the monthly wholesale price (Rs. / 40 kg) data from January 199...
Liaqat Ali Shahid, M. Azhar Saeed and Nadeem Amjad*
...stitutions/organizations namely Oilseed Programme NARC, Agricultural and Biological Engineering Institute (ABEI), NARC and Pakistan Oilseed Development Board (PODB) Islamabad are jointly working at federal level on the development and promotion of oilseed crops. More precisely, Oilseeds Programme is working on the deve...
Sikander Khan Tanveer, Shaheena Yasmin, Imtiaz Hussain, M.Yaqub Mujahid*, Muhammad Munir and Muhammad Asif**
...as conducted at the National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad to assess the effects of different combinations of fertilizer nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) with or without farm yard manure (FYM) on yield, yield components and as well as on the grain quality parameters of wheat. Nutrient treatments included full fertilizer NP (100:100:00), full fertilizer NP + FYM (100:100:20), half- fertilizer NP (50:50:00), half- fe...
R. Hussain* and A. N. Naqvi**
...oth sides. It is a pashmina bearing breed. The breed was studied for morphological characteristics, somatometric measurements, growth, productive and reproductive traits. Somatometric measurements indicated the average height 70.41±0.837 cm vs. 57.91±0.342 cm, heart girth 83.58±0.628 cm vs. 70.42±0.702 cm and body length 78.18±0.355 cm vs. 70.10±2.160 cm in males vs. females of Gojali goat. The data on growth traits in...
Rahmat Ullah Khan, Abdur Rashid*, Mohammad Sohail Khan** and Erdogan Ozturk***
...ganic fertilizer, use of natural fertilizer resources for increasing crop production on sustainable basis has become imperative. Two field experiments were conducted to study the potential of humic acid (HA) as a low-cost natural fertilizer and to determine its effect on the yield of rainfed wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Naseer) at the research farm of Arid Zone Research Institute, ...
Aslam Memon, A. M. Khushk* and Umer Farooq**
...ovinces, farm size and tenancy status categories.In conclusion, despite that major proportion of total sugarcane area was planted under recommended varieties, the varietal diffusion process among sugarcane growers all over the country was taking place on informal grounds and was extremely slow. Therefore, strong institutional efforts from agricultural extension department as well as sugar mills are needed to rapidly diffuse ...
Mazher Abbas*, Muhammad Waqas Akram**, Ikram Saeed*** and Arshed Bashir*
...conomics of non-conventional oilseed crops in the Punjab. Therefore 60 respondents were taken from Faisalabad, Toba Tek Singh and Chiniot districts of Central Punjab. Percent area allocated to canola crop was comparatively higher at medium farms as compared to small and large farms. The results of the study showed higher yield of canola at large farms as compared to medium and small farms. Average gross revenue by small, medium and large farmers was Rs. 35913....
Abdullah Adil Ansari* and Kumar Sukhraj**
...007 at University of Guyana, Georgetown focusing on recycling organic waste using vermitechnology and use of vermicompost and vermiwash obtained from the vermitech in varied combinations for exploring the effect on soil and productivity of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in Guyana. The soil quality was monitored during the experiment along with plant growth parameters of Okra. The study reve...
Aly Khan* and S. Shahid Shaukat**
...s associated with pomegranate was conducted encompassing 12 localities of Balochistan Province. Twelve genera were recorded from the rhizosphere of pomegranate. The most dominant species was Meloidogyne incognita. Species diversity (H’) was highest in Wadh while lowest in Ali Dasht. Equitability (J’) component of diversity was highest in Kork and lowest in Ali Dasht, while spec...
Abid Hussain*, Imdad Hussain Mirza and Muhammad Azeem Khan**
...ns. Proper feeding and management is of fundamental importance to the success of any goats’ enterprise. In Pothowar region of Punjab, household and sedentary system of goat production is practiced. The availability of feed varies according to the season. Goats in the region are under nourished and producing less than potential. This study was conducted to find out the feed supplementation practices of goats in the Pothowar region. Data for this study was...
Nadeem Akmal, Hassnain Shah*, Muhammad Azam Niazi** and Waqar Akhtar*
...ctured pretested questionnaire. The main influencing factor in keeping bucks was goat breed improvement. All the sample respondents were convinced of the benefits of crosses with Beetal buck and reported that the offsprings Beetal were of higher body weight (40% higher), good looking and well built. Regarding the suitability of Beetal with fodder and forage in the area, majority of the farmers (73%) considered it more suitable. There was a price difference of ...
Sumia Bint Zaman, Sidra Majeed and Shahid Ahmad*
...luate primarily the regional and global experiences to assess the potential of Jatropha farming in Pakistan and to conduct a comparative economic analysis of alternate feasible options e.g. production of oilseeds, which are also being imported in large quantities. Temporal analysis (1950-09) for edible oil consumption, production and imports is made. Pro...
Ahmed Aziz Kurd, Amanullah, Saifullah Khan, Basharat Hussain Shah and Munir Ahmed Khetran*
...a europea) variety Coratina with 2–4 leaves and 15–18 cm in length were obtained from existing progeny in an orchard of Arid Zone Research Centre (AZRC), Quetta, Pakistan. The basal portion of these cuttings were treated with 3000, 4000 and 5000 ppm IBA solution for 3- 4 seconds. The treated cuttings were immediately planted in polyethylene tubes (10 cm x 20 cm) filled with a sandy loam soil. In the control, the cuttings were planted directly in po...
Tariq Mahmood, M. Sudheer Tariq, Khalid Mahmood Khokar, Hidayatullah and Syed Ijaz Hussain*
...tle in the field at National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad during kharif 2008. Permethrin (0.5%) alone or mixed (0.05%) with dung ash as dust controlled the attack of red pumpkin beetle on the crop with no mortality of plants. Highest mortality of plants due to foliage eating by red pumpkin beetle was observed in control where no permethrin was applied. None of the plant extracts tested in this study as dust alone or mixed with dung ash was effective...
Oguz Bilgin, Kayihan Z. Korkut, Alpay Balkan, and Ismet Baser*
...s and their genetic combinations for the characters. The degree and direction of heterosis varied for different characters and for different hybrids. The highest heterosis over mid and better parents (120.14-109.93%) was recorded in hybrid of Kyzyltan91xIDSN209 for grain weight/spike. Maximum limits of heterosis over mid and better parent for spike length, spikelets/spike, grains/spike, spike density, grains/spikelets and spike harvest index were 8.77-8.14 (Sv...
Barkat Ali*, Muhammad Shahid Iqbal, Muhammad Kausar Nawaz Shah, Ghulam Shabbir** and Nasir Mahmood Cheema***
...s revealed that over-dominance type of gene action was controlling the inheritance of monopodial and sympodial branches plant height number of bolls and boll weight. The line CP-15/2 possessed maximum dominant genes for monopodial branches, plant height and boll weight, BJA-592 for sympodial branches and ACALA-SJ-4 has maximum dominant genes for bolls per plant. However the cultivar CIM-49...
M. Yasin Mirza, Mubashir A. Khan, M. Akmal, Akbar S. Mohmand, Malik S. Nawaz, Nazakat Nawaz and Najeeb Ullah*
...s were conducted at National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan during rabi 2002-03, 2003-04 and 2004-05. Pooled genotypic and phenotypic variances were maximum for seed yield and minimum for 1000-seed weight. Genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficient of variation were observed maximum for seed yield and minimum for plant height. Broad sense heritability estimates were high for all the traits during three years ranging from 6...
Shazia Erum, Rashid Anwar and Shahid Masood*
...sent study, comparative analysis of total seed proteins of Kasuri methi (GI of Kasur, Pakistan) was evaluated with other Trigonella genotypes by SDS-PAGE. Results showed that at protein level Kasuri methi acquired a unique status as a G.I of Kasur. Cluster analysis (UPGMA) of 28 genotypes including both methi and methray from various agro ecological zones of Pakistan were interlinked to some extent however Kasuri methi make ...
Ashiq Saleem, Habib Iqbal Javed, Rashid Saleem,* Muhammad Ansar** and M. Amir Zia*
...dy was conducted in National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad during autumn 2007. In this study Maize hybrid (Pioneer 3062) and sorghum hybrid (Pioneer MR-Buster) were planted in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications having a plot size of 5m x 3m. Plant to plant distance was 25 cm and row to row was 75 cm. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of split doses of potash fertilizer on maize and sorghum. Potash fertil...
Sarfraz Ahmad, Shaista Koukab, Nayyar Razzaq, Muhammad Islam, Aneel Rose*, and Muhammad Aslam**
...ia lasiocarpa ) is found naturally in many protected rangelands areas. However, its population is declining due to over-exploitation and un-controlled grazing. Traditionally these species are used for the treatment of fever and pain. Annual or German chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.), and perennial chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile) are the most important species all over the world due to multipurpose uses. Field experiments we...
Shazia Erum*, Muhammad Naeemullah, Shahid Masood** and Muhammad Irfan Khan*
...n was seen for seed germination, canopy and spikes/plant, florets/spike and leaf area. A UPGMA cluster, grouped the 9 Ocimum genotypes into two major clusters on the basis of total seed protein and phenotypic characters, except Siam Queen and Lime basil stand alone, respectively. Euclidian distance for morphological traits ranged from 3.60 to 7.26. Conversely on the basis of total seed proteins genetic distances ranged from 0.11 to 1.00. Due to greater genetic...
Muhammad Azeem Khan*, Abid Hussain, Irfan Mehmood and Sonila Hassan **
...of well-designed questionnaires from each site. Results showed that over last three decades, number of small and tenant farmers increased in the semi-arid zones of Pakistan due to environmental harshness in general and law of inheritance in particular. Due to increase in mean annual temperatures and irregular rain patterns, area under major crops at Kohat and productivity of major crop at Attock decreased. Bivariate correlat...
Rubina Bano, Hassnain Shah, Muhammad Sharif and Waqar Akhtar*
...istrict Rawalpindi. The analysis covers the descriptive analysis of socioeconomic characteristics of the sample poultry farmers along with cost and profitability analysis. Broiler farming was done by adult males on full time basis. It was the main source of income of a family. The average flock size in the study area was 4033 birds. The study also bifurcates the cost structure and fixed co...
Muhammad Afzal, Sarfraz Ahmad , Abdul Salam Baloch* and Qazi Bashir Ahmad**
...ve was to determine seasonal price variation considering the effects of different attributes of the animals namely, live weight, age, gender, body score and time of sale of animals. The results indicated that there were significant differences in prices among seasons. The seasons considered in the study were Eid-ul-Azha, Ramadan, and severe feed shortage period. The prices were the highest at Eid-ul - zha followed by Ramadan...
Naheed Akhtar, Waseem A. Gillani, Ehsan ul Haq, Javed Khan, Irshad Begum, Shaheena Yasmin* and Kamran Saeed**
...deum vulgare L.) entries namely B-00080, NRB-37, V-8, Haider-93, B-99036 and JAU-87 of 2003-04 National Uniform Barley Yield Trial (NUBYT) were evaluated against the aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.). Evaluation was done by seedling bulk test method for finding out resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible entries. The entry B-99036 was found to be resistant. Further studies were conducted to determine the mechanisms of r...
Muhammad Athar Khan1, Muhammad Zahid Latif2*, Syed Amir Gilani3 and Ifrah Bukhari4
...y lead to myocarditis, renal failure, respiratory distress and hypotension. This disease is an emerging infectious problem in many developing countries like Pakistan. A total of 250 subjects were selected from five different rice growing districts of Punjab, Pakistan after the approval of institutional ethical review board (IERB), 250 subjects were selected for this comparative cross sectiona<...
Mian Sajjad Ahmad1, Somia Iqtadar1, Sami Ullah Mumtaz1*, Zafar Niaz1, Iqra Waheed2 and Sajid Abaidullah1
...tients. This Cross Sectional study was carried out in North Medical Ward, King Edward Medical University/ Mayo Hospital Lahore for 6 months i.e. January to June 2014. Total 160 obese patients visiting outpatient department of North Medical Ward, Mayo Hospital Lahore for 6 months were included by non-probability purposive sampling. Patients aged 15-70 years of either gender were included. Oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) was done in each patient with unrestricted ...
Sana Qanber Abbasi1*, Ejaz Ahmed2 and Rabia Sattar1
...evels of serum pro Brain natriuretic peptide (pro BNP) between migraineurs and hypertensive migraineurs. It was a cross sectional comparative study in which serumpro BNP levels were measured in migraine patients and hypertensive patients with migraine. A blood sample of 3 cc was drawn from the median cubital vein after securing aseptic measures. The blood sample was allowed to clot for 30 minutes and serum was separated. The...
Halima Shoukat1*, Hafiz Sheraz Arshad2, Faiza Sharif1, Arooj Fatima1 and Filza Shoukat1
...plying repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA), the p-values were found to be statistically significant (p<0.001) for static stretching techniques with 30s, 60s, 90s holding times, respectively. Based on these finding, it is plausible to conclude that application of static stretching at holding times of 30, 60 and 90 seconds can significantly improve the ROM of knee extension. Stretching techniques with different holding times were equally effective i...
Iracema Nunes de Barros1,2, Luciane Dubina Pinto3, Rosely Bianca dos Santos Kuroda1, Sheila Oliveira de Souza Silva1, Leonardo José Richtzenhain1,2, Cláudio Wageck Canal3 and Paulo Eduardo Brandão1,2*
...ed chiefly by canine coronavirus (CCoV) and canine parvovirus (CPV). While, CPV is considered the most important cause of diarrhea, studies have shown an increasing prevalence and importance of CCoV around the world. Fatal CCoV infections have been described, however, there is limited information on the molecular diversity of CCoV in many parts of the world. In this study, canine fecal samples from diverse States of Brazil were screened by PCRs for CCoV and po...
Maryyum Khalil1, Hamda Azmat1,*, Noor Khan1, Arshad Javid2, Ali Hussain1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain3, Asim Ullah1 and Sumaira Abbas1
...ealth and hematological analysis of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (initialaverage weight 32.46±0.36 g). The 40% crude protein diet was prepared by adding feed ingredients along with 0.75, 0.50, 0.25, 0.00 g kg-1 of α-amylase as T1, T2, T3 and T4 (control). At the end of feeding trial, 100% survival rate was recorded. Growth rate was significantly increased in fish fed with enzyme supplemented diets in comparison with control group....
Saba Rafique1,2,*, Khalid Naeem1, Naila Siddique1, Muhammad Athar Abbas1, Aamer Ali Shah2, Akbar Ali1, Abdul Rahim1 and Farooq Rashid1
...strains, the isolate was named as KU145467_NARC/786_Pakistan_2013 (also named as Pak-786) was subjected to Spike gene sequencing covering the amino-terminus region of 01 to 974 base pairs. The S protein sequence was submitted to the GenBank with accession number KU145467. Phylogenetic grouping and maximum nucleotide sequence identity values were used to ...
Promy Virk
...fgold and silver (Au/Ag) nanocomposite using aqueous Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek)seed extract and to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of the prepared nanopcomposite. Antidiabetic potential of orally administered bulk aqueous extract of Trigonella (TBE) and Au/Ag nanocomposite with Trigonella seed extract (TN) on streptozotocin (70 mg/kg) induced diab...
Abul Hassan Faiz*, Fakhar-i-Abbas and Lariab Zahra Faiz
...fects on ecosystem sustainability and productivity of vegetation.
...
Amtul Jamil Sami1,*, Sehrish Bilal1, Madeeha Khalid1, Muhammad Tahir Nazir1 and A.R. Shakoori2
...s, isolated from a medicinal plant Azadirachta indica on the CNS enzymes of a stored grain pest, Tribolium castaneum and a socioeconomic insect, Apis mellifera. A comparative study was designed to identify the role of saponins on insect acetylcholinesterase (AChEs). The enzyme activities were tested for the effect of saponins. The AChE activity of T. castaneum was inhibited by the saponins and follows competitive inhibition kinetics...
Nazish Shaukat1, Muhammad Javed1,Faiza Ambreen2* and Fariha Latif1
... indicates the defensive nature and adaptive mechanisms of tissues (gills and liver) against free radical induced toxicity.
...
Haixia Liu, Yuwei Ye, Yang Li, Xiaolin Liu, Dongmei Xiong* and Lixin Wang
...in Tsinling mountain, China, and only is distributed as spot in the Weihe River and Hanjiang River among Tsinling mountain, To access relationship of populations from the two rivers and the genetic diversity of wild population, 11 microsatellite loci were firstly used to evaluate the genetic characterization using 120 samples from 2 tributaries (ZZ and LX populations) of the Weihe river and 2 tributaries (YX and TB population) of Hanjiang river. A total of 59 ...
Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1*, Rehmat Ullah1, Asif Nawaz1 and Ejaz Ashraf2
...armers towards the sustainable development. Five districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa such as Mansehra, Dir Lower, Swat, Dera Ismail Khan and Swabi were the sampled districts and 80 farmers registered with Farm Services were randomly selected from each district. Thus, sample size was making a total of 400 respondents. Primary data were collected with the help of pre-tested interview schedule through personal interview method. The...
Anish Shrestha
...l with the objective of analyzing production economics, resource use efficiency, technical efficiency and production problem of honey, produced from Apis mellifera. Total of fifty five households were randomly selected as the sample for the study. Farmers were rearing on an average 34.54 hives and average honey productivity was 34.6 Kg/hive. Average production cost was NRs. 7392.52 with the average net profit of NRs. 2987.05 (1 USD = 106 NRs), and B:C ratio wa...
Mustafa Sahin1,*, Esra Yavuz1 and Fatih Uckardes2
...racteristics of egg external quality such as egg width (X1), egg length (X2), Haugh unit (X3), and shape index (X4). The impact of these variables on albumen index was analyzed. Due to the multicollinearity between independent variables, the standard errors and VIF values of the partial regression coefficients in the LS method were found to be quite high. Therefore, the RR and PCR ...
Irfan1,*, Arshad Javid7, Muhammad Ashraf2, Athar Mahmud3, Muhammad Altaf4, Syed Makhdoom Hussain5, Muhammad Shahbaz4 and Khalid Javed Iqbal6
...f the artificially inseminated hens were assessed. To study the effect of natural mating on hatchability 15 (3♂, 12♀) M. gallopavo were randomly selected, were kept separately and were allowed to mate through stud mating. For artificial insemination, male (n = 3) and female (n = 12) birds were kept separately. Semen of the male birds was collected on weekly basis to reco...
Jaime Molina-Ochoa1, 2, 6,*, Edelmira Galindo-Velasco2, Ana María Rosales-Gutiérrez2, Martín González-Ramírez3, Roberto Lezama-Gutiérrez3, Wilberth Chan-Cupul3, Steven R. Skoda4, Muhammad Irfan Ullah5, Luis Jorge García-Márquez2 and John E. Foster6
...an effort to obtain alternative controls for cattle ticks. Soil cores from grasslands were baited with last instars of the great wax moth (GWM), Galleria mellonella L., and an EPN isolate was obtained, it belonged to the genus Heterorhabditis and identified as JMO71. The nematodes were cultivated in GWM larvae, and the emerging infective juveniles (IJs) were collected from White traps, and pooled in canted neck vented plastic flasks. The suscepti...
Saleem Abid1*, Nasir Jamal2, Muhammad Zubair Anwar3 and Saleem Zahid4
...stan. Forecasting errors namely mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean absolute deviation (MAD) and mean squared deviation (MSD) were used as model selection criteria. Lowest values of these errors indicated a best fitting model. The study showed that exponential growth model was appropriate for forecasting potato area and production in Pakistan due to lowest values of the forecasting errors. The forecasted values of both area and production of potato cro...
Umair Riaz*1, Zafar Abbas1, Qamar uz Zaman2, Muhammad Mubashir1, Mahwish Jabeen2, Syed Ali Zulqadar1, Zeenat Javeed1, Saeed-ur-Rehman1, Muhammad Ashraf1 and Muhammad Javid Qamar1
...
...
Naveed Akhtar,1,* Riaz Muhammad2, Kausar Saeed2, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1, Muzaffar Shah3, Jehan Zeb2, Shahid Ahmad2, Azam Jan Afridi4 and Aftab Hussain5
...explore the mammalian fauna of Mahaban and Malka valley of district Buner, KP. The study area was divided into six different localities namely, Shahkot, Shalhodabuna, Sharra, Hanjar, Hkar gata and Muhammad Baig. During this study 10 different species belonging to 9 families, 5 orders and 10 genera of mammalswere identified. The reported species are Naemorhedus goral, Panthera par...
Muhammad Kashif Maan1, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Shehla Gul Bokhari1, Muhammad Ijaz2, Hamid Akbar1, Sajid Umar 3 and Muhammad Luqman Sohail4,*
...s anesthetized with combination of xylazine (3mg/kg) and ketamine (10mg/kg, I/V), while the second group (n=8) was pre-anesthetized with xylazine, followed by treatment with isoflurane (4%) with oxygen flow rate of 1L/min. Rabbits administered with xylazine-ketamine anesthesia showed significant increase (P<0.05) in serum alanine aminotrasferase, aspartate transaminase and blood urea nitrogen as compared to isoflurane ane...
Muhammad Rasool1,*, Muhammad Zahid1, Muhammad Ismail Khan1, Qadeem Khan2 and Khalid Khan1
Qin Liu1,2, Feiwei Liu1, Xiuyue Zhang1, Nan Yang1 and Jianghong Ran1,*
... first-grade state in China. Here, 22 polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellite markers were isolated from T. szechenyii using a next-generation sequencing technology. The allele number of these loci ranged from two to six in genotyped 35 individuals. Polymorphism information content ranged from 0.2735 to 0.7717 with an average of 0.5149. Observed and expected heterozygosities at each locus ranged from 0 to 0.879 and 0.332 to 0.814, respectively. These...
Imtiaz Hussain*, Hassnain Shah, M. Azeem Khan, Waqar Akhtar**, Abdul Majid*** and M. Yaqub Mujahid*
Corresponding author:izhussain@yahoo.com
PRODUCTIVITY IN RICE-WHEAT CROP ROTATION OF PUNJAB: AN APPLICATION OF TYPICAL FARM METHODOLOGY
... observed problem of stagnation of the rice-wheat productivity. The rational thinking urges to diagnose the problems of the area explaining the cause and effect scenario of the system. Descriptive analysis is conducted on the data collected from 29 representative farms, from 10 Tehsils of four districts of rice-wheat in Punjab having 1-68 ha farm size se...
Akhlaq Ahmad, M. Anwar Arain*, Rahila Nazli**, Syed Anser Rizvi***,
Mubarik Ahmed* and Farzana Ibrahim****
Corresponding author: dr.akhlaqahmad@yahoo.com
COST EFFECTIVENESS OF UNDER-SHEET AND WHOLE GODOWN FUMIGATION OF BAGGED WHEAT
...lected for physical examination. It was observed during the 8 month storage trials that the average moisture content increased by 3%, grain damage increased by 12% -1 and grain weight decreased by 6 kghl in whole godown fumigations compared to similar treatment carried out under the cover of polyethylene sheet. The cost effectiveness of the treatments was determined, considering the cost of the materials and labour. It was estimated that a single fumigation tr...
Nazakat Nawaz, Malik Shah Nawaz*, Nasir M. Cheema** and Mubashir A. Khan*
Corresponding author:nazakat_nawaz@yahoo.com
ZINC AND IRON APPLICATION TO OPTIMIZE SEED YIELD OF MUSTARD
...ay loam soil at the National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan, during 2005 and 2006. The mustard (Brassica juncea) variety BARD-1 was treated with various -1 levels of Zn and Fe, (0-0, 0-1.5, 0-3, 2.5-0, 2.5-1.5, 2.5-3, 5-0, 5-1.5 kgha and -1 -1 5-3 kgha ), respectively. A basal dose of 90N and 60P kg ha was applied, in the form of Urea and triple super phosphate (TSP) with Zn and Fe. The increase in -1 Zn and Fe fertility from 0-1.5 to 5-1.5 ...
Amanullah, Ahmed Aziz Kurd, Saifullah Khan, Munir Ahmed and Jahangir Khan*
Corresponding author:aman_azrc@yahoo.com
BIOFERTILIZER- A POSSIBLE SUBSITUTE OF FERTILIZERS IN PRODUCTION OF WHEAT VARIETY ZARDANA IN BALOCHISTAN
...er on wheat variety Zardana production at four locations of -1 -1 Balochistan. Biofertilizer (Azospirillum A1-Q + N 45 kg ha , P O 30 kg ha ) was 2 5 used to substitute for half of the Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer -1, application rates as compared to a high fertilizer treatment (N 90 kgha P2 5 O -1 60 kgha ). The high mineral fertilizer and biofertilizer + half mineral fertilizer treatments were compared with a control treatment (no fertilizer). ...
Hidayatullah, T. Mahmood, M. Farooq, M. A. Khokhar and S.I. Hussain*
* Corresponding author: hidayatu2003@yahoo.uk.co.uk
PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AFFECTING SEX EXPRESSION OF BOTTLE GOURD (LAGENARIA SICERARIA MOLINA) PLANTS
...ion of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Molina) plants cv. Faisalabad Round was investigated under field conditions in National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad. Plants sprayed with distilled water were considered as control. Among all foliar agents, the response of -l GA3 3 and MH was found better. Exogenous application with 30 µmol l GA maximally increased the pistillate fl...
Farhat Ullah Khan, Nowshad Khan and Zaibunnisa Abdullah*
Corresponding author: farhatkhan7@gmail.com (This is part of Ph.D. work of senior author)
IMPACT OFKINNOW (MANDARIN) YIELD LOSSES ON SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF THE FARMING COMMUNITY IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...echniques were used for analysis. According to analysis 91.5% respondents reported that yield losses of kinnow fruits have negative impact on socio-economic conditions of the majority respondents of the project area. Chi-square test also shows negative link of the kinnow fruits and socio-economic uplift of the farming community in the project area. Serious attention on scientific basis to yield losses through awareness and t...
Javid Iqbal, Asghar Ali Mian, Tanveer Ahmad*, Shamsul Hassan** and Sohail Hassan Khan*
COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT ECONOMIC TRAITS OF FOUR IMPORTED BROILER STRAINS UNDER LOCAL CONDITIONS OF PAKISTAN
...omic traits of four internationally reputed broiler strains, imported in Pakistan, under the local environmental and management conditions. A total of 360 day old chicks of four broiler strains (90 from each strain) were procured from the local hatcheries and designated as four treatments i.e., A (Hubbard), B (Arbor Acres), C (Ross 308) and D (Hybro PN)....
Shahida N.Khokhar*
CROP INOCULANTS- AN UNDEREXPLORED POTENTIAL IN AGRICULTURE
...titutions including National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan contributed significantly to these efforts. There are many reports on achieving increase in yield of legumes, cereals (wheat, maize) and vegetable crops. This however has yet to be taken to farmers' field effectively. The present paper reviews these efforts, lapses and unfolds new strategies in research a...
Hassnain Shah, Muhammad Azeem Khan, Umar Farooq, Nadeem Akmal*, Shahid Munir and Bashir Hussain**
POTENTIAL FOR INVESTMENT IN INDIGENOUS TECHNOLOGIES: A CASE OF LOW COST SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION STRUCTURES IN RAINFED POTHWAR, PAKISTAN
...ion for agricultural and natural resource development. To develop appropriate technologies for increasing land productivity through soil and water conservation, applied research has been carried out during 2001-07 in the rainfed Pothwar area. Low cost soil and water conservation structures were developed and demonstrated in the area. The investment appraisal based on the cost incurred and benefits realized by the farmers recorded through assessment survey reve...
Muhammad Arifullah, Muhammad Munir*, Abid Mahmood**, Saifullah Khan Ajmal and Ghulam Shabbir*
COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS OF SOME YIELD ATTRIBUTES IN INDIAN MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEA L.)
...sed in all possible combinations using 8×8 diallel system for combining ability analysis. Data was recorded for seed yield and some important yield attributes. The results for combining ability analysis indicated significant general combining ability for most of the traits except plant height and siliqua length. UCD-8/4, KJ-119 and BRS-2 were good general combiners for yield related ...
Mazher Abbas*, Tahir Mehmood**, Arshed Bashir*, Muneeb Zafar*** and Aneela Afzal****
ECONOMICS OF LALLEMANTIA ROYLEANA (TUKHAM-EBALANGOO) PRODUCTION IN THE LOW INTENSITY CROPPING ZONE OF THE PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...-align: justify;"> Unani medicine is part of Pakistani culture and is popularly practiced by a large segment of the population. This medicine system originated in Greece and was brought to the subcontinent by Muslim scholars. However, the unani medicine currently practiced in Pakistan is vastly different from its Greek roots The study was conducted to assess the economics of medici
Faisal Khalil, Khalid Mahmood Qureshi, Ammaz Khan, Fakhar-ul-Hassan and Nabila Bibi*
EFFECT OF GIRDLING AND PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON PRODUCTIVITY IN OLIVE (OLEA EUROPAEA)
...ide due to their nutritional and economic importance. Unfruitfulness in olive has frequently been observed which may be attributed to numerous factors. Some of them are probably related to the internal imbalance of growth regulators and other physiological factors. Plant growth regulating hormones like gibberellic acid (GA ), salicylic acid (SA) and naphthalene acetic acid (
Khalid Mahmood Qureshi, Fakhar ul Hassan, Qamar ul Hassan, Usman Shaukat Qureshi, Saman Chughtai and Adnan Saleem*
IMPACT OF CULTIVATION SYSTEMS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA ANANASSA) CV. CHANDLER
...he strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) cv. Chandler were collected from Swat (Mingora.) Different cultivation systems were adapted i.e., standard growing media in polyethylene bags (T ), soil less media (T ), high tunnel (T ), green house (T ), 1 2 3 4 including open field condition on ridges (T ) by keeping plant to plant 5 distance of 30 cm and row to row distance of 60 cm. The study was conducted to evaluate the effects and su...
Habib Iqbal Javed, Ashiq Saleem, Javed Fateh, Mozammil Hussain, Naheed Akhtar and Shamim-ul-Sibtain Shah*
DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANT MAIZE GERMPLASM
...icial infestation. Under natural infestation, 100 progenies performed little better. The best plants among these progenies were advanced by self pollination. A total of 400 self pollinated cobs (as progenies) were screened during spring 2000 under natural infestation. The borer attack started at a very initial stage of the crop and swept down many of the...
Zammurad Iqbal Ahmed, Muhammad Ansar*, Ashiq Saleem**, Zafar ullah Arif*, H.I. Javed and Rashid Saleem**
IMPROVEMENT OF MASH BEAN PRODUCTION UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS BY RHIZOBIUM INOCULATION AND LOW RATES OF STARTER NITROGEN
...nd the treatment -1 combinations applied were control, 20, 40 and 50 kg N ha , 750 g inoculum -1 -1 -1 - ha , inoculum + 20 kg N ha , inoculum + 40 kg N ha , inoculum + 50 kg N ha 1 . The experiment was laid out in a split plot design keeping varieties in main plots and fertilizer/inoculum combinations in sub-plots. The results showed significant differences for all the plant characters under the study. -1 The crop maturity ...
Parvez Khaliq*, Azim Malik**, Nasir Mahmood Cheema* and Muhammad Umair***
ECONOMICS OF WHEAT BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN RAINFED AREAS OF PAKISTAN
...ers mainly due to poor management of soil, water and fertility issues. A field study was conducted at National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad and the traditional wheat-fallow-wheat (W-F-W) cropping system was evaluated with the improved wheat-maize fodder-wheat (W-MF-W) and wheat-mungbean-wheat (W-MB-W)...
Muhammad Tariq*, Raja Muhammad Omer**, Muhammad Ashraf Mian*, Obaid Ur Rehman***, Amjad Tahir Virk and Kazim Abbass**
PROMOTING CERTIFIED SEED AVAILABILITY OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L) THROUGH PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AND ITS IMPACT ON YIELD IN RAINFED AREAS
...urce gave high seed germination and good crop stand which enabled the plants to withstand abiotic stress especially drought during the crop season. The seed multiplication of crop varieties of rainfed areas can be done in irrigated areas to ensure the quality of seed and its availability in rainfed areas, which ultimately will increase the income of the farming community of the area....
Ashiq Saleem, Muhammad Ashraf Zahid, Habib Iqbal Javed*, M Ansar**, Asghar Ali, Rashid Saleem* and Noor Saleem***
EFFECT OF SEEDING RATE ON LENTIL (LENS CULINARIS MEDIK) SEED YIELD UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
... to 2003-04) at the National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan during the lentil growing season. An improved medium-grain size (1000-grain weight. around 25 g) variety Masoor 93 (18-12 x ILLP 4400) was used in these experiments. Eleven seeding rates i.e., 14.0, 21.25, 28.50, 35.75, 43.0, -1 50.25, 57.50, 64.75, 72.0, 79.25 and 86.50 kgha were evaluated in the study. ...
Gulzar S. Sanghera and Wassem Hussain*
HETEROSIS IN RELATION TO COMBINING ABILITY PER SE PERFORMANCE IN TEMPERATE RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)
...irty six (36) cross combinations developed by crossing 2 Cytoplamic male sterility (CMS) lines with 18 testers in line x tester mating design were evaluated to find out best heterotic combinations in terms of yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes, crosses, lines, testers and line x tester interactions for...
Safdar Ali, Sahiba, M. Azim Malik, Fayyaz-ul-Hassan and M. Ansar*
GROWTH OF RAINFED FODDER MAIZE UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS
...d, respectively. In combination -1 of nitrogen and phosphorus @ 180:90 NP kg ha , there was a significant increase in green fodder and dry matter yields through their interactive effect, that were 90.19% and 159.31%, respectively. This increase may be due to increase in vegetative growth parameters like plant height, stem diameter and leaf area. It was concluded that fertilizers combination of -1 180:90 NP kg ha was recommen...
Sonila Hassan, Abid Hussain*, Muhammad Azeem Khan** and Irfan Mahmood*
RURAL-URBAN RETAIL PRICES AND MARKETING MARGINS OF FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES IN PAKISTAN
...nd an open-ended questionnaire were developed and used to interview a total of 200 retailers (rural and urban), 100 producers, 30 commission agents and 10 transporters in July 2010. Price data were collected from rural and urban retailers in Hyderabad, Faisalabad, Peshawar, Muzaffarabad and Quetta. It was observed that the retail prices of fresh fruits and vegetables were higher in rural markets as compared to urban markets and differences were even higher in ...
Saima Rani and Irum Raza*
COMPARISON OF TREND ANALYSIS AND DOUBLE EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING METHODS FOR PRICE ESTIMATION OF MAJOR PULSES IN PAKISTAN
... two forecasting methods namely trend analysis and double exponential smoothing. Measures of accuracy (MAPE, MAD and MSD) were used as the model selection criteria that could best describe the trend of prices of major pulses such as gram, mash, masoor and mung during 1975-76 and 2009-10. Double exponential smoothing method was found to be pertinent for price estimation of major pulses in Pakistan because of smaller values of...
Akhtar A. Siddiqui and Allah W. Rind*
EXTENSION FIELD WORKERS PERCEPTION OF COTTON INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME IN SINDH PROVINCE
...g FAO-EU-ADB funded National Integrated Pest Management Programme (Nat-IPM) for cotton. The basic principle of Nat-IPM programme was to enable farmers to be self sufficient, using practices that are agro-ecological friendly. This study was carried out in four districts of Sindh province (Hyderabad, Tando Allahyar, Matiari, and Mirpurkhas). The sample size comprised 48 EFWs who participated...
Muhammad Yaqoob*, Rukhsana Anjum, Mumtaz Hussain and Muhammad Jahangir Shah**
GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS AND CHARACTER ASSOCIATION IN SOME CHINESE HYBRID RICE UNDER DRY CONDITIONS
...ecorded. The results of analysis indicated a high range of genetic variation among various hybrids for plant height, number of grains per panicle, number of productive tillers per plant, 1000 grain weight and paddy yield. The variation for days to 50% panicle initiation, panicle length, spikelet fertility and days to maturity were however nonsignificant. Plant height ranged from 77 to 116 cm, number of grains per panicle from 152 to 449, number of productive t...
Arshad Ali, Muhammad Arshadullah, Syed Ishtiaq Hyder, Imdad Ali Mahmood and Badar-uz-Zaman*
RICE PRODUCTIVITY AND SOIL HEALTH AS AFFECTED BY WHEAT RESIDUE INCORPORATION ALONG WITH NITROGEN STARTER DOSE UNDER SALT-AFFECTED SOIL
...lected at maturity were analyzed for K, Ca and Na -1 concentration in grain and straw. Tillering, grains spike , 1000-grain weight and paddy yield significantly (P≤ 0.05) increased with different -1 levels of N doses. Maximum tillers plant (27.66), plant height (138.33 cm), -1 spike length (28.33 cm), and grains spike (175), 1000-grain weight (28.66 -1 -1 g) and paddy yield (4.25 t ha ) was harvested with 5 t ha wheat straw -1 incorporation plus 60 kg N ha ...
Munir Ahmad* and Asif Ali Mirani**
HEATED AIR DRYING OF GROUNDNUT
...g Institute (ABEI), National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad was evaluated for drying groundnut. The dryer had been found capable to dry about 1818 kg groundnut from 23.3% moisture content to 14% within 2.4h. On average the groundnut drying rate was 3.9% per hour, and the average efficiency of the dryer was 69%. However, typical tests indicated that the drying efficiency of the dryer can be achieved above 80% by maintaining the drying air temperature a...
Ayesha Tahir, Hassnain Shah, Muhammad Sharif, Waqar Akhtar and Nadeem Akmal*
AN OVERVIEW OF TOMATO ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
...port trends, market destinations for Pakistani tomato, regional acreage comparison, country's share in tomato export and revealed comparative advantage (RCA) of tomato. Pakistan's share in world tomato exports was negligible in 2000.The results of global and domestic tomato production and export trends depict that the export share in production for the world and Pakistan increased significantly since 2007. At present, Pakist...
Muhammad Zubair Anwar, M. Azeem Khan, Ikram Saeed, Akhtar Ali*, Shafique Zahid and Abdul Majid**
SMALL FARMERS PERCEPTIONS REGARDING IMPROVED FODDER AND FORAGE VARIETIES: RESULTS OF PARTICIPATORY ON FARM RESEARCH
...component of livestock management in the rainfed farming systems. The most binding constraints are: persistent nutritional stress, lack of improved fodder varieties and lack of fodder preservation techniques for lean period. To resolve this issue improved fodder varieties and forage species were introduced. About 52 % women were of the view that in rabi season 50% grain yield was increased and 44% said that the increase in d...
A.A. Mengal* , M. U. Mallah, Z. A. Mirani* and B. N. Siddiqui**
AN ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN
...sent research sought to analyze public and private sector extension in Balochistan province of Pakistan. Five districts, one from each ecological zone, were selected which are Turbat (Kech), Lasbela, Mastung, Sibi, and Loralai. A sample of 375 farmer respondents were taken with a systematic sampling procedure. The response rate was 82.67%. A detailed and comprehensive questionnaire was used for measuring the effectiveness of...
Asrar Ali*, Ehsan-ul-Haq**, Abdul Rehman***, Javed Khan, Waseem Ahmad Gillani** and Maria Rauf*
BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND PREDATORY POTENTIAL OF MENOCHILUS SEXMACULATUS FAB. (COLEOPTERA:COCCINELLIDAE) AT VARYING TEMPERATURE ON RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI L.
...ntrol Laboratories, National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad. The results revealed that there was a significant effect of different temperature regimes on the development and predatory potential of M. sexmaculatus reared on Rhopalosiphum padi. The egg incubation period of predator beetle was 4.16, 3.66 and 2.24 days at 22±1°C, 28 1°C and 34 1°C, respective...
EVALUATION OF LEGUME HERBS NUTRITIVE VALUE AS A RUMINANT FEED AND NITROGEN SUPPLY ON SOIL IN WEST TIMOR, INDONESIA
...s of legumes used as ruminant feed were Clitoria ternatea (CT), Centrosema pascuorum (CP), Dolichos lablab (DL), and Macroptilium bracteatum (MB). The study was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design. The research showed that the highest -l NO concentration after planting was in CP (5.72 mg ), followed by CT 3 -l -l -l (4.21mg ), MB (3.44 mg ), and DL (2.83 mg ). The species of legume was obviously highly significant ...
Wabekwa, J.W., I.A. Sodagni and F.K. Mohammad*
PHYSIOLOGICAL GROWTH AND YIELD EVALUATION IN PMINERALIZED SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUS L.) UNDER SUDANOSAHELIAN AGRO-ECOLOGY, NIGERIA
...n 2011 and the combined analysis. Days to 50% flowering and head dry weight were not significantly influenced by P O rates and 1000- 2 5 -1 grain weights indicated that increased P O application (40-80 kg ha ) 2 5 enhanced grain filling efficiency and this influenced weight per 1000 -1 grains during both years. The application of 40 kg P O ha increased grain 2 5 -1 yield statistically in 2010 rainy season (2289.10 kg ha ) and the combined -1 -1 a
Sajida Taj*, Muhammad Tariq Iqbal Khan**, Mazher Abbas and Arshed Bashir***
PRICE SPREAD AND MARKETING MARGINS OF CUT ROSE IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...stify;"> The paper analyzes the structure and operation of the flower marketing system in Punjab, Pakistan. Based on cross sectional data collected from 34 farmers, 13 wholesalers-cum-commission agents and 20 retailers from main flower producing areas of Kasur and Faisalabad districts from Punjab province, the structure and marketing margins of producers and other marketing intermediaries are quantified along the existi...
Shafique Qadir Memon*, Muhamamd Safar Mirjat, Abdul Quadir Mughal** Nadeem Amjad***, Muhammad Azhar Saeed, Shabbir Kalwar, Asif Ali Mirani and Habib Iqbal Javed****
TILLAGE AND NPK EFFECT ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SPRING MAIZE IN ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN
...imes i.e. deep, conventional and zero and four fertilizer levels viz., -1 control 100-50-50, 150-75-75 and 200-100-100 NPK kg ha . The randomized complete block design was used with three replications. There was significant differences in maize emergence percentage, plant height, -1 grains cob , 1000-grain weight and grain yield due to tillage practices and various fertilizer levels, between tillage practices. However, the NPK @ -1 200-100-100 kg ha and deep t...
Amir Khatam*, Sher Muhammad, and Ijaz Ashraf**
ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL CONTACT METHODS IN DISSEMINATION OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES
...nsion methods for dissemination of agricultural technologies among the farming community, whereas only 31.78% and 22.85% of the farmer respondents are aware of the office call and telephone calls, respectively, for diffusion of information regarding latest agricultural technologies. However, awareness regarding personal letters as an extension method among the farming community was proved as the lowest (18.93%) entity in the...
Tahir Abbas, Bushra Nawab, Rahila Nazli, Rubina Saleem, Amrat Lal and Khalid Jamil*
EFFICACY OF COTTON WASTE COMPOST AND FERTINEMAKIL FERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH PARAMETER OF SUNFLOWER PLANTS
...ompost alone and in combination with Fertinemakil fertilizer on sunflower crop was tested in the field of PCSIR Laboratories Complex Karachi, Pakistan. Individually all the treatment showed maximum plant growth character in terms of plant height, number of flowers, diameter of flowers, 1000 grains weight and oil contents. The highest significant improvement in plant growth characters were recorded in plots treated with cotton waste compost and cotton waste com...
Amir Khatam*, Sher Muhammad and Ijaz Ashraf**
ROLE OF FARMER FIELD SCHOOLS IN ENHANCING SKILLS OF FARMING COMMUNITY IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
...The data collected were analyzed by applying simple descriptive statistics showing means, scores, ranking order and standard deviations. The results show that skills were highly enhanced in st the aspect of nursery raising techniques which was ranked 1 with mean value 3.40 closely followed by timely and balanced use of fertilizers and nd rd using recommended seed rate, which were ranked 2 and 3 with mean value 3.08 and 3.05, respectively. While, skill improvem...
Rizwana Sultan*, Javed Khan, Ehsan ul Haq, Tariq Mehmood**, Roshan Zada Khattak***, and Naheed Akhtar**
BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF TRICHOGRAMMA CHILONIS ISHII (TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE: HYMENOPTERA) FEEDING ON SITOTROGA CEREALELLA EGGS AT THREE CONSTANT TEMPERATURES
...st eggs at Insect Pest Management Programme, National Agricultural Research Centre, (NARC) Islamabad. The results revealed that maximum rate of parasitism was 95.70 ± 1.94 at 28 ± 1 °C while minimum was 61.30 ± 1.70 at 32 ± 1 °C. Maximum adult emergence and female ratio from parasitized eggs were 96.30% with 59.2&plusm...
Sajida Taj*, Akhter Ali*, Nadeem Akmal*, Shujaat Yaqoob** and Mubarik Ali***
RAISED BED TECHNOLOGY FOR WHEAT CROP IN IRRIGATED AREAS OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
... The present paper analyzes the determinants of adoption of raised bed planting of wheat in irrigated areas of Punjab, Pakistan. Wheat is an important staple food of Pakistan. It contributes 13 % to the value added in agriculture and 2.6 % to the GDP. The agrarian economy of Pakistan is continuously under stress due to the low yield of almost all the crops and constrained with many problem. One of the most important iss...
Waqar Akhtar*, Nadeem Akmal*, Hassnain Shah*, Muhammad Azam Niazi** and Ayesha Tahir*
EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS OF PAKISTANI HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS
...e over the period under analysis and indicates a transition from comparative and competitive disadvantage to comparative and competitive advantage during the period under analysis. Tangerines, mandarins, clem have maintained relatively higher revealed comparative advantage as compared to other categories for the whole period under analysis. Onion export has revealed comparative advantage w...
Muhammad Farooq*, Hidayat Ullah*, Nausherwan Nobel Nawab* and Khalid Mahmood Qureshi**
EVALUATION OF INDIGENOUS TOMATO HYBRIDS UNDER PLASTIC TUNNEL
...cally developed indeterminate tomato hybrids were evaluated along with 'Sahel' as check under plastic tunnel for yield and yield components at National Agricultural Research Centre, -1 Islamabad. Maximum yield of 71.58 tha was recorded in NTT-12-08 while minimum -1 yield (34.75 tha ) was observed in NTT-16-08. Sahel used as -1 check bore maximum number of fruits plant (30.26) and followed by NTT- -1 04-08 and NTT-03-08 beari...
Sara Khalid*, Khalid Mahmood Qureshi*, Ishfaq Ahmad Hafiz*, Khalid Saifullah Khan* and Usman Shaukat Qureshi*
EFFECT OF ORGANIC AMENDMENTS ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH, FRUIT AND YIELD QUALITY OF STRAWBERRY
...on strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) cv. Chandler which included T = planting 1 media -1 (soil + silt + farm yard manure); T = planting media + 400 mgl humic 2 -1 acid; T = planting media + 200 g kg leaf manure; T = planting media + 200 3 4 -1 -1 g kg vermicompost; T = planting media + 200 g kg plant fertilizer and T = 5 6 -1 planting media + 200 g kg bio-compost during 2011-12 at PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpi...
Rabeea Tariq*, Khalid Mahmood Qureshi*, Imran Hassan*, Muhammad Rasheed* and Usman Shaukat Qureshi*
EFFECT OF PLANTING DENSITY AND GROWING MEDIA ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF STRAWBERRY
...sp;Strawberry (Fragaria ananasa), belonging to Rosaceae family, is a rich source of vitamins and minerals with delicate flavors. It is perishable crop which is exceedingly in demand for its taste, profitability, high yield and good quality. To make the plant growth successful in the container, the requirement of special media is very important step because plant growth is largely depended on the physiochemical properties of ...
Maria Rauf*, Ehsan-ul-Haq**, Javed Khan**, Abdul Rehman***, Waseem Ahmad Gillani* and Asrar Ali**
BIOLOGY AND PREDATORY POTENTIAL OF COCCINELLA SEPTEMPUNCTATA LINN. ON SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM APHID UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS
...ntrol Laboratories, National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad. The results revealed that incubation period of C. septempunctata was 5.12, 3.62 and 3.20 days with 75.6%, 82.0% and 71.2% hatchability, respectively. The larval durations were 29.5, 15.9 and 8.1 days with predatory potential of 573.7, 575.0 and 667.8 aphids per larvae. The results indicated that with increasing te...
Abid Hussain*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Sonila Hassan**
PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF CAMEL PRODUCTS IN SEMIDESERT AND DESERT AREAS OF PAKISTAN
...e study was designed to analyze the production and marketing of camel products in the semi-desert and desert areas of Pakistan. It is based on cross-sectional data collected through simple random sampling technique in April, 2011 from 220 camel farmers and 17 market intermediaries. It is found that both camel farmers and market intermediaries were less educated. It is observed that markets for camel milk, meat, hides and hai...
Hafiz Sultan Mahmood*, Munir Ahmad**, Tanveer Ahmad*, Muhammad Azhar Saeed* and Muhammad Iqbal***
POTENTIALS AND PROSPECTS OF PRECISION AGRICULTURE IN PAKISTAN - A REVIEW
...d to adopt new and sustainable technologies to increase the efficiency of available resources and reduce the input costs. Before this, the effectiveness of precision technologies needs to be realised in Pakistan through field experiments and land management practices....
Muhammad Yasin Mirza*, Mubashir Ahmad Khan*, Muhammad Amjad* and Malik Shah Nawaz*
STABILITY ANALYSIS FOR ECONOMIC TRAITS IN SESAME ( L.)
...ironment. Four genotypes namely, Sanghar-I, S-17, PR-19-9-S, and Rattodero-1 had greater than unity and non-significant regression coefficients with high response towards better agronomic conditions and were stable due to low deviation from regression. Correlations of mean with b-value and S d, for seed yield were highly significant and positive suggesting that average yield could be considered as a measure of response and stability....
Muhammad Shahzad*, Akhter Ali**, Abdul Hayee Qureshi**, Naveed Jehan*, Imran Ullah* and Majid Khan*
ASSESSMENT OF POST-HARVEST LOSSES OF PLUM IN SWAT, PAKISTAN
...g four different questionnaires. Proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used for the collection of data from different categories of respondents and tehsils. Post harvest losses were estimated through percentage method. The most important reasons were poor harvesting methods, over maturity, insufficient cold storage facility, poor grading, low-quality packaging materials and poor infrastructure. Total post ha...
Nasia Batool*, Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar**, Imdad Hussain Mirza** and Muhammad Fateh Ullah Khan**
MIXING LESS PALATABLE GRASSES WITH UREA, MOLASSES AND EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISMS AND ITS EFFECT ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND DIGESTIBILITY IN GOATS
... was carried out at National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad to find out impacts of supplementation of low palatable grasses with urea, molasses and Effective Microorganisms (EM) on chemical composition and digestibility in goats. (HC), (CA), (SH) and (DB) were used and the combinations were grass + 4% molasses, grass + 4% urea, grass + 4% urea + 4% molasses, grass + 4% urea + 1:100 EM, grass + 1:100 EM + 4% molasses...
Elizabeth Stephen Waghchoure-Camphor* and Mohammad Irshad**
SURVEY OF MANAGED F. (APIDAE: HYMENOPTERA) POPULATION IN GALIAT, MURREE AND ISLAMABAD
...ll bee but also for pollination purpose. People interviewed were of the opinion that there is still some potential for these bees. Abbottabad area was having comparatively more population of than other areas....
Abdul Rehman Roonjho*, Waseem A. Gillani**, Awais Rasool**, Naheed Akhtar**, Tariq Mahmood**, Arsalan A.***, M. Afzal*, Iqbal Khan* , M. Asghar Ranjha**** , M. Irfan**** and Javed Khan**
REPELLENCY EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PLANT EXTRACTS TO COTTON MEALY BUG, TINSLEY (HEMIPTERA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE)
... Ashok, (Magnoliids: Annonaceae), Milk thistle, (Asterales: Asteraceae), and Sow thistle, (Asterales: Asteraceae) extracts each in petroleum ether, acetone and ethanol were evaluated at the concentration of 1000, 500 and 250 ppm against cotton mealy bug ( ) in a free choice bioassay for two weeks. The ethanol extract of was the most effective against cotton mealy bug having highest repellency (72.5%) at 500 ppm dose. The lowest average repellency (26.3 %) was ...
Shahid Ali*, Anjum Shehzad*, Muhammad Ather Rafi* and Ahmed Zia*
INSECT POLLINATORS OF LITCHI ( ) FROM DISTRICT HARIPUR, PAKISTAN
...n: justify;">Insect pollinator fauna in litchi orchards from three localities of district Haripur was studied. Insect collections were made from mid March to mid May, 2012. During collection, 494 insects were collected which yielded 20 species under 16 genera of eight families belonging to orders Diptera and Hymenoptera. Family Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Sarcophagidae and Syrphidae, represented the order Diptera, while familie...
Khalid Naseem*, Naseem Bibi**, Saeeda Raza*, Amer Mumtaz*, Nouman Rashid Siddiqui*, Amina Bibi*** and Muhammad Ahsan Khan****
DEVELOPMENT, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF HIGH ENERGY BISCUITS FOR COMBATING MALNOURISHMENT AMONG CHILDREN IN PAKISTAN
...ld be used as nutritive snacks for malnourished children. Biscuits were prepared by supplementing chickpea and oat in patent flour (fine flour) with different ratio (5%, 10%, 15% and 20 %). Biscuits with no supplementation were kept as control treatment. Chemical and sensory evaluation of supplemented biscuits was carried out. An increase in nutritive values have been observed with an increase in supplementation level. Proximate ana
Ayesha Tahir* and Sonila Hassan**
ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF SMALL SCALE BUTTON MUSHROOM PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN
...hroom production at National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC) Islamabad, Pakistan. The cost of production methodology was used for this study. The yield and gross return of mushroom was estimated at 155.6 kg ha and Rs.77,800 ha , respectively. The results indicated the fact that mushroom production is very much remunerative to its producers as it can give maximum net return by reducing ...
Amir Khatam*, Sher Muhammad**, Badar Naseem Siddiqui***, Muhammad Zakaria Yousuf Hassan****, Ijaz Ashraf**, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan***** and Aijaz Kuharoo******
COMMUNICATION OF AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION THROUGH GROUP CONTACT METHODS IN PAKISTAN
...s of four districts and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Survey method was used for data collection by researchers using a pre-tested research instrument. The results of the study show that sources of agricultural information used by the farmer respondents were seed/ fertilizer dealers, workshops, panel discussions, role playing and brainstorming. However, seed/ fertilizer dealers proved to be the most effective source of agricultural information followe...
Md. Nazirul Islam*, A. K. Azad**, Leon O. Namuco***, Teresita H. Borromeo***, Maria Lourdes O. Cedo*** and Edna A. Aguilar***
MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION AND DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF A MAKAPUNO COCONUT POPULATION IN U.P. LOS BANOS
...e; ) tests were used to analyze variation in both the qualitative and quantitative characters. Substantial variation in crown shape, bole category, color of young fruit, petiole and inflorescence pigmentation, shape of stem base, fruit characteristics, and leaf structure was observed in the population of 52 palms. Yield of makapuno was estimated as 88%. Simultaneous occurrence of male and female phases allows self-pollinatio...
Adnan Umair*, Safdar Ali**, Muhammad Sarwar***, Kashif Bashir**, Muhammad Javed Tareen**** and Muhammad Asghar Malik*****
ASSESSMENT OF SOME PRIMING TECHNIQUES IN MUNGBEAN (VIGNA RADIATA) : A GREEN HOUSE STUDY
...ed to a point where germination process begin but radical emergence does not occur. A pot experiment was conducted in a green house. The seeds were invigorated by traditional soaking (hydropriming), osmo-conditioning using phosphorous (KH PO ; 2 4 -1 200 mM and 400 mM), mannitol (20 and 40 gl ), polyethylene glycol (50 and -1 -1 100 gl ), sodium molybdate dihydrate (0.2 and 0.4 gl ) and hormona
Sadia Tehrim*, M. Yasin Mirza** and G. Mustafa Sajid*
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT GROWTH REGULATORS FOR EFFICIENT PLANT REGENERATION IN GRAPES
...nt study, different hormonal combinations in regeneration media were studied to determine the best combination for in vitro morphogenesis of grapevine accessions viz., 4494(1) Kowar Sufaid, 4472(12) Harker Agoon and 4492(1) Kowar Naray. When levels of benzylaminopurine (BAP) were increased in the basal MS media for culturing the grape plantlets, there was a corresponding increase in the nu...
Rashid Mahmood*, Elizabeth Stephen Wagchoure* and Ghulam Sarwar*
INFLUENCE OF SUPPLEMENTAL DIETS ON APIS MELLIFERA L. COLONIES FOR HONEY PRODUCTION
...Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan, to investigate alternative nutrients to pollen grain. Sixteen A. mellifera bee hives were selected alike with respect to number of frames and bees present in them. Honey bee colonies were divided into four groups of four colonies each. The honey extracted from the T (soybean diet), T (gram 1 2 diet), T (maize diet) and T (sugar only) was 21.3 kg ...
Tabinda Qaiser*, Ayesha Tahir*, Sajida Taj* and Murad Ali*
BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS OF APICULTURE ENTERPRISE: A CASE STUDY IN DISTRICT CHAKWAL, PAKISTAN
... calculate benefit-cost analysis of beekeeping in Chakwal. The data was collected from 25 beekeepers of Chakwal district because this enterprise is working more in areas like Chakwal, Sargodha, FatehJang and Mardan. Beekeepers were selected randomly for case study and they were interviewed for getting the necessary data to determine the costs and return of beekeeping and assess the scope of beekeeping. The benefit cost ratio of beekeeping was 1.4709 which show...
Shahida Khalid*and Shahida Nasreen Khokhar*
INTERACTION OF HERBICIDES AND BIO-INOCULANTS WITH AGRICULTURAL CROPS AND WEEDS
...olates reduced seed germination of Phalaris minor by 95%. The results imply that biofertilizer microbes can mitigate the carryover effect of the two sulfonylureas; they can also inhibit Phalaris minor. Therefore, the use of bio-inoculants, weed seed germination and residual effect of weedicide can be manipulated for the betterment of the crops and these microbes can be used for a positive interaction of maintaining a thresho...
Khawer Jawad Ahmad*, Asif Razzaq*, Khalida Hamid Abbasi*, Muhammad Shafiq*, Muhammad Saleem** and Muhammad Arshadullah***
THYMOL AS CONTROL AGENT OF MITES (VARROA DESTRUCTOR) ON HONEYBEES (APIS MELLIFERA)
...mic acid 65 % and fluvalinate (strip) as standard control measure against Varroa mite. The mite mortality rate was recorded in honeybee colonies of Apis mellifera during 2011-12 at research farm of Beekeeping and Hill Fruit Pests Research Station, Rawalpindi. Analysis of variance for different treatments indicated (F=3.64, F>P=0.15) significantly different effect among treatments as well as for the control of mite. The av...
Naheed Akhtar*, Awais Iqbal**, Habib Iqbal Javed*, Javed Khan*, Muhammad Riaz*, Waseem Ahmad Gillani*, Tariq Mahmood*, Awais Rasool* and Tahira Yasmin*
EVALUATION OF RECOMMENDED WHEAT VARIETIES FOR RESISTANCE AGAINST SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM (RONDANI) (APHIDIDAE: HOMOPTERA) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
...er trial three varieties namely NARC-09, Momal-2002 and TD-1 were recommended as resistant varieties against S. graminum for higher yield and least pest pressure....
Javed Khan*, Ehsan-ul-Haq*, Habib Iqbal Javed*, Tariq Mahmood*,
Awais Rasool*, Naheed Akhtar and Saleem Abid**
BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND PREDATORY POTENTIAL OF CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) FEEDING ON WHEAT APHID SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
...oratories, Insect Pest Management Programme, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan. The results indicate that incubation period was 3.8±0.08 days with 87.0% hatchability. The developmental duration of first, second and third instar larvae were 3.2 ± 0.13, 4.0±0.21 and 4.8±0.25 days, respectively. The total larval developmental ...
Nusrat Habib*, Muhammad Zubair Anwar* and Ikram Saeed*
COMPARATIVE PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF RECOMMENDED MUNGBEAN VARIETIES AT NARC EXPERIMENTAL STATION, ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN
...xperimental station National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad and thus recommend a higher profit earning variety towards pulses growing areas of the country. Primary data of crop management practices was collected by Pulses Programme, NARC, Islamabad. Pulses Programme, ...
Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar*, Maqsood Ahmad*, Gulshan Riaz* and Sartaj Khan*
PERFORMANCE OF SUMMER FORAGE LEGUMES AND THEIR RESIDUAL EFFECT ON SUBSEQUENT OAT CROP IN SUBTROPICAL SUBHUMID POTHWAR, PAKISTAN
... tropical forage legumes namely sesbania (Sesbania aculeata), cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata), rice beans (Vigna umbellata), lablab bean (Lablab purpureus) and cluster bean (Cymopsis tetragonoloba) with reference to a cereal fodder reference crop of millet (Pennisetum typhoides) and their residual effects on the succeeding oat crop at the National Agricultur...
Abid Hussain*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Sonila Hassan**
ECONOMICS OF COW MILK PRODUCTION IN SINDH AND AZAD JAMMU & KASHMIR
...rmined and cost-benefit analysis of milk production by ecological zones was also conducted. Wide variations in share of feed sources in total feeding cost per annum, milk productivity and profitability of main cow breeds across selected areas have been observed. Concentrate feeding is the main cost item for cow milk production in irrigated areas of Sindh and constitutes more than half (54 %) of the total feeding cost per annum. While, in coastal and desert are...
Abdul Hassan*, Muhammad Ishaq*, Nisar Ali Shah* and Arshad Farooq*
MILK PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...agro-ecological regions, namely, barani areas, wet mountains and Northern dry mountains of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan by using concept of typical farms. The yield and production of milk gap was estimated in three scenarios. The results showed that the present milk production of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is 2.74 mt with 1579 lit of milk per buffalo per year, 663 lit of milk per cow per year, 95 lit milk per goat per year and 64 li...
Shafique Qadir Memon*, Nadeem Amjad**, Muhammad Safar Mirjat***, Abdul Quadir Mughal***, Khalil Ahmad Ibupoto***, Shabbir Ahmad Kalwar****, Asif Ali Mirani**** and Muhammad Azhar Saeed****
EFFECT OF TILLAGE AND USE OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF MAIZE
...ifferent tillage regimes namely, deep tillage, conventional tillage and zero tillage, and four fertilizer levels. Results showed that plant height, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and dry matter were maximum with deep tillage as compared to conventional and zero tillage. Comparing the seasons, the overall better plant height, 1000- grain weight, grain yield and dry matter were gained during...
Tanzila Kazmi*, Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry*, Aftab Ahmed** and Shaheer Ellahi Khan**
FARMERS BELIEFS ABOUT INDIGENOUS FARMING PRACTICES AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
...it is related with sustainable agricultural development. During the study a mixture of qualitative techniques including interview guide(s), focus group discussions (FGDs) and case study were used. The study revealed that indigenous knowledge is a long term process and demands a complete approach to achieve destined goals. On the other hand it was also found that the lack of knowledge is a hindrance to achieve required outcome(s) from modern techniques. Thus, t...
Naveed Jehan*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla**, Muhammad Shahzad*, Abid Hussain**, Muhammad Zahoor*, Majid Khan* and Ahmed Bilal*
USE OF MOBILE PHONES BY FARMING COMMUNITY AND ITS IMPACT ON VEGETABLE PRODUCTIVITY
... well structured questionnaire by interviewing 60 farmers from district Charsadda. The data was analyzed through simple averages, correlation analysis and paired t-test. Average yield of bitter -1 gourd crop was 23569 kg acre with cell phone use of 8h per season. It is perceived that low communication cost and availability of information about wholesale market prices through SMS service an...
Ayesha Tahir*
FORECASTING CITRUS EXPORTS IN PAKISTAN
...nned to check the trend analysis of export quantity and export value for citrus in Pakistan. The findings of the study are based on citrus export quantity and export value data from 1990 to 2011. Two models of trend analysis were applied but most appropriate model for trend analysis of the present study was quadratic trend model. Forecasting was done from 2012 to 2016.The forecasted export...
Ali Ahsan Bajwa*, Ehsanullah*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum*, Wahaj Nafees*, Mohsin Tanveer* and Hafiz Salman Saeed*
IMPACT OF FERTILIZER USE ON WEED MANAGEMENT IN CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE - A REVIEW
...rs, machinery and poor management practices are accelerating environmental pollution, soil degradation, global warming, climatic change and food deterioration. Conservation agriculture offers a sustainable solution for all these problems most often. This review focuses the use of fertilizers in conservation agriculture and their impact on weed management. Weeds are major constraint in the ...
Muhammad Sohail*, Imtiaz Hussain*, Riaz-ud-Din*, Sikandar Khan Tanveer*, Maqsood Qamar* and Syed Haider Abbas*
EVALUATION OF ADVANCE WHEAT LINES FOR AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN RAINFED ENVIRONMENT
...dy was conducted at National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan to evaluate the agronomic traits of three advance lines (NR-397, NR-379 and NR-400) in comparison to released variety (NARC-09) under rainfed conditions during crop season 2010-2011. Crop was sown on normal (November 15) and late (Dec...
Mustaring,* I. Subagyo,** Soebarinoto** and Marsetyo*
GROWTH, YIELD AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF NEW INTRODUCED BRACHIARIA SPECIES AND LEGUME HERBS AS RUMINANT FEED IN CENTRAL SULAWESI, INDONESIA
...tritive value of grasses namely Brachiaria brizantha, B. mulato, and B. mutica and five legume herbs such as Clitoria ternatea, Dolichos lablab, Macroptilium bracteatum, Centrosema pascuorum and Centrosema pascuorum in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia using completely randomised block design. Each species was planted on 2.5m x 3m plot, and repeated 6 and 4 times in experiment 1 and 2, respectively. Parameters measured include pla...
Md. Nazirul Islam*, M. Z. Rahman**, R. Ali***, A. K. Azad**** and M. K. Sultan**
DIVERSITY ANALYSIS AND ESTABLISHMENT OF CORE SUBSETS OF HYACINTH BEAN COLLECTION OF BANGLADESH
...tion as central and marginal of pod. High diversity was also found regarding pod curvature and beak position on it. Strategically, a core subset consisting of 36 accessions out of 484 accessions was determined. Diversity Indices of different characters of the core accessions were of equal or higher magnitudes to the respective characters of base collection indicating the better representation of core to the original collecti...
Nazakat Nawaz*, Malik Shah Nawaz*, Mubashir Ahmad Khan*, Mirza M. Yasin*, Doulat Baig*, Nasir Mehmood Cheema**, Muhammad Amjad** and M. Altaf Sher**
EFFECT OF BORON ON PEANUT GENOTYPES UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
...n deficient soil at National Agricultural Research -1 Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan. Five rates 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 kg B ha as boric acid (H BO ) were applied. Boron fertilizer applications significantly 3 3 increased dry pod yield of all the tested genotypes over control. Dry pod yields of BARD-479, ICG-7326, and ICGV-92023 increased by 14- 20%, 21- 26% and 27- 34%, respectively. Genotype BARD-479 was the most boron efficient user, 83- 88% followed by IC...
Farman Ullah Shah*, G. Mustafa Sajid** and Sadar Uddin Siddiqui**
EVALUATION OF MULCHING MATERIALS AS INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT COMPONENT IN MAIZE CROP
...arious mulches in weed management led to check the efficacy of various available mulches for suppressing weeds in maize crop at National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad during kharif (autumn) season 2011. The experiment was laid in Randomized Complete Block Design, (RBCD) having eight treatments and four replications. The treatments were b...
Muhammad Hanif Munawwar*, Asghar Ali* and Shahid Riaz Malik*
IDENTIFICATION OF RESISTANCE IN MUNGBEAN AND MASHBEAN GERMPLASM AGAINST MUNGBEAN YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS
...tudy reports some additional new sources of resistance to be included in breeding programme to develop MYMV-resistant varieties in the country....
Asghar Ali*, Muhammad Tahir**, Shahid Riaz Malik* and Muhammad Hanif Munawwar*
EVALUATION OF PRE AND POST-EMERGENCE HERBICIDES FOR WEED MANAGEMENT IN LENTIL (LENS CULINARIS MEDIK.)
...fective method of weed management. A field study was conducted to evaluate pre and post-emergence herbicides for weed control in lentil. The experiment comprised eight treatments including three herbicides, manual weeding and check (no weeding). The yield was higher in manual weeding but in herbicide treatments Isoproturon as pre-emergence @ 2 kg -1 ha produced statistically at par grain yield to that of manual weeding -1 followed by Isoproturon after one mont...
Nazir Ahmad*, Sultan Ayaz*, Sumaira Shams**, Karimullah*** and Riaz Ahmad****
PREVALENCE AND MORPHOLOGY OF HELMINTH PARASITES OF FISH FROM RIVER SWAT, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...Proteocephalus, Rhabdochona charsaddiensis, Rhabdochona schizothoracis and Neoechynorhynchus devdevi. They were identified by morphological characteristics through microscopic techniques. Overall prevalence of the fish parasites was 58% (145/250). Among these Schizothorax plageostomus fish 93.04% (107/115), Schizothorax labiatus 61.11% (33/54), Salmo trutta fario 17.85% (05/28), Gara gotyla 0% (0/09), Rita rita 0% (0/25) and...
Saima Rani*, Hassnain Shah*, Umar Farooq** and Bushra Rehman**
SUPPLY, DEMAND, AND POLICY ENVIRONMENT FOR PULSES IN PAKISTAN
...ses grown in the country namely gram (chickpea) and mung (mungbean). Using Nerlove's adjustment lag model as the basic framework supply and demand aspect has been studied at the national level, based on the time series data from 1974-75 to 2010-11. Acreage response results revealed that farm harvest prices, lagged area and good moisture availability at sowing time positively influence the ...
Rehmat Ullah*, Kalim Ullah** and Mohammad Zafarullah Khan*
EXTENSION SERVICES AND TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION OF DATE PALM (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L.) IN DISTRICT DERA ISMAIL KHAN
...Dera Ismail Khan by personal interview method from a sample of 51 respondents selected from these villages. Agriculture was the major profession of the farmers (80.3%). It was found that 62.7% of the respondents were never visited by the extension workers while 60.7% of the respondents never attended any meeting with field staff or Agriculture Officers. A single field day was organized by extension workers almost two years ago in the studied area attended by o...
Muhammad Sharif*, Muhammad Azam Niazi*, Abdul Jabbar** and Sajida Taj***
FINANCIAL PROFITABILITY OF WHITE SUGAR PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN
...aimed at up-dating the financial profitability of white sugar on the basis of recent data in the country. The total cost of white sugar production was Rs. -1 50.11kg in Pakistan. The estimated financial profit of white sugar production -1 was Rs. 2.47 kg in the country in 2012-13. The estimated supply and demand of white sugar was worked out as 6.62 and 5.01 m t, respectively during the same -1 -1 period. The per capita avai...
Abid Hussain*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Nouman Badar*
YIELD GAP DETERMINANTS FOR WHEAT PRODUCTION IN MAJOR IRRIGATED CROPPING ZONES OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...tudy was carried out to analyze the yield gap and determinants of wheat production in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is based on cross sectional data from 210 farmers for the crop year 2009-10. Results suggest that farm level wheat yields are less than the potential yield level by 33.0%, 43.0% and 50.6% in the mixed-cropping, cotton-wheat and rice-wheat zones of the province, respecti...
Maqsood Qamar*, S. Dilanawaz Ahmad Gardazi**, Riaz-ud-Din*, Muhammad Sohail* and Syed Haider Abbas*
PARTIAL RESISTANCE TO STRIPE RUST AND ITS EFFECT ON SUSTAINABILITY OF WHEAT YIELD
... and its impact on sustainable wheat production was studied at the National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad under natural conditions in the field. Eleven Pakistani commercial wheat cultivars/advance lines including check (Inqalab 91) were assessed for the level of partial resistance against stripe rust using Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC), disease severity (DS) and e...
Frasat Saeed*, Jehanzeb Farooq*, Abid Mahmood**, Tassawar Hussain***, Muhammad Riaz* and Saghir Ahmad****
GENETIC DIVERSITY IN UPLAND COTTON FOR COTTON LEAF CURL VIRUS DISEASE, EARLINESS AND FIBER QUALITY
...ts (PC) and correlation analysis were employed to identify the suitable genotypes that can be further exploited in breeding programme. Significant associations were found between yield contributing trait, boll weight and fiber related trait, staple length. Earliness related traits, like st st days taken to 1 square and days taken to 1 flower had positive correlation with each other and both these traits also showed their positive association with ginning out t...
Muhammad Ali*, Ghulam Mustafa Sajid**, M. Faisal Anwar Malik*** and Kalimullah****
ESTABLISHMENT OF IN VITRO CULTURE OF GRAPES
... Resources (IABGR), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan. Fifteen accessions of grapes were surface sterilized and tested on 75% MS media for germination and initial growth parameters. Accession No. 020017 (Dakh-1) exhibited highest viability (100%), shoot length (4.12 cm) -1 and nodes plant (3.8). Moreover, it was found that...
Samiullah*, Mehmood Shah*, Kalim Ullah**, Rehmat Ullah*** and Ibrarullah****
PROFITABILITY OF WHEAT PRODUCTION IN DERA ISMAIL KHAN
...ents were probed by personal interview method from the sampled villages. Cost and return (gross return) data from the respondents were analyzed. Farm budgeting technique for estimating cost, gross return and profitability was applied. The analysis of data revealed that the average cost per acre was Rs. 24716.32. Similarly average production of wheat (output) was estimated to -1 -1 be 1618....
Aniqa Iram*, Javed Khan**, Nadeem Aslam**, Ehsan-ul-Haq**, Habib Iqbal Javed**, Muhammad Irfan*, Awais Rasool*, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi** and Sumera Aslam*
EFFICACY OF PLANT DERIVED OILS AND EXTRACTS AGAINST WHITEFLY, BEMISIA TABACI (GENNADIUS) ON SESAME CROP
...corporated in the pest management programmes....
Naheed Zahra*, Hassnain Shah*, M. Azeem Khan* and M. Zubair Anwar*
LIVELIHOOD ASSETS AND POVERTY NEXUS: A CASE STUDY FROM RAINFED POTHWAR AREA OF PAKISTAN
...igation(P<0.10) and tenancy status (P<0.05). The results regarding poverty revealed that 2.50% of the sampled households were chronically poor, 5.0% transitory poor, 37.5% transitory vulnerable, 32.5% transitory non- poor and 22.5% was non-poor. Most of the sampled households fall along the transition line which implies their vulnerability to be trapped in poverty due to any shock. Beside other assets, even small scale irrigation was significant and an e...
Rashid Minhas*, Iftikhar Ahmad Khan**, Faisal Saeed Awan**, Lal Hussain Akhtar*, Syed Awais Sajid Shah* and M. Shahjhan Bukhari*
ESTIMATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AND HYBRID IDENTIFICATION IN AMERICAN COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.) BY PCR BASED RAPD ANALYSIS
...dentified by six primers namely GLA-7, GLA-8, GLA-15, GLA-19, GLD-3 and GLD-5. Consequently, RAPD analysis can be used as a marker technique to ascertain the hybrid nature of offsprings and to evaluate parental lines in terms of genetic diversity....
Munir Ahmad*, Asif Ali Mirani**, Hafiz Sultan Mahmood**, Tanveer Ahmad** and Muhammad Azhar Saeed**
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF CROSS-FLOW RICE DRYERS
... in Pakistan because of unavailability of postharvest drying and processing technologies. About 70% of the rice produced in the country is dried through sun heat. which is one of the major causes of reducing head rice recovery during the milling operation. Recently, cross-flow rice dryers have been adopted in the rice milling industry of the country. The heat source of these cross-flow dryers can be a gas or rice husk. This study focussed on the performance ev...
Mian Sabahatullah*, Manzoor Ahmad Mashwani**, Qurratul Ain Tahira* and Mian Inayatullah*
NEW RECORD OF SUBFAMILY CHARMONTINAE (BRACONIDAE: HYMENOPTERA) IN PAKISTAN WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES
... Subfamily Charmontinae is recorded for the first time from Pakistan. Charmontinae is a small but widely distributed group of braconids. A cosmopolitan braconid species, Charmon extensor (Linnaeus), is first time recorded from Chitral area of Pakistan. A new species, Charmon ovchinnikovi, is described, illustrated and compared with its closely related species Charmon extensor. The new...
Gul Zamin Khan*, Imtiaz Ali Khan**, Inamullah Khan* and Mian Inayatullah**
OUTDOOR BREEDING OF MOSQUITO SPECIES AND ITS POTENTIAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...temporary containers stagnant flood waters, etc. Ovitraps were used as monitoring tools in urban areas of the selected sites. Results showed that mosquitoes are active throughout the year with their most active season during May, September and October. The mean relative abundance of Culex species in different districts were: Peshawar (32.3), Nowshera (18.8), Mardan (20.3) and Charsadda (21.0). Higher numbers of Aedes mosquitoes were observed in Nowshera (19.3)...
Hassnain Shah*, Nadeem Akmal*, Waqas Farooq*, Muhammad Azeem Khan* and Shahid Munir**
SHIFT FROM SITE DEVELOPMENT TO SKILL DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY OF WATER HARVESTING THROUGH MICRO CATCHMENTS
...the up-scaling and sustainability options for wider area. Under Watershed Rehabilitation and Irrigation Improvement Project besides other technologies, rainwater harvesting through micro catch-ments were demonstrated by Soil and Water Conservation Research Institute (SWCRI) in Pothwar area, Pakistan. The results highlight that the technology is not only suitable for in situ water conservation for fruit plants but also cost effective, water, labor and resource ...
Ambreen Akhtar Saddozai*, Amer Mumtaz*, Nouman Rashid*, Shahzada Arshad Saleem**, Saeeda Raza* and Muhammad Naeem Safdar*
COMPARISON OF INDIGENOUSLY DEVELOPED TANGERINE-ORANGE MARMALADE WITH BRANDED MARMALADES AVAILABLE AT LOCAL MARKETS
...s to compare the nutritional composition and microbial quality of both branded and non-branded marmalades. Oranges were purchased from local markets while tangerines were product of in-house farm at Food Science and Product Development Institute (FSPDI), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad. Juices were extracted and kept in sterilized...
Nusrat Habib*, Saima Rani*, Sabeen Siddiqui*, Shah Zaman** and Muhammad Zubair Anwar*
IMPACT OF MAJOR FARM INPUTS ON PRODUCTIVITY OF SUGARCANE: A CASE STUDY IN TEHSIL KOT ADDU, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...ent 2 of multiple determinations R was 0.72, which designated that 72% deviation in the productivity of sugarcane was elucidated by all instructive variables and the 2 adjusted R was 0.71. To increase the output of sugarcane in the country, government may resolve the identified hurdles by providing subsidy on major inputs to raise the returns of sugarcane farmers....
Muhammad Sharif*, Muhammad Azam Niazi* and Abdul Jabbar**
SEAFOOD EXPORTS: CHALLENGES AND WAY FORWARD
...lities at fish markets, inadequate fishing policies and low export prices of seafood are major challenges faced by fisheries sector of Pakistan. Sustainable conservation of marine resources, promotion of shrimp culture, enhancement of the fish processing for export, provision of adequate facilities at fish markets and formulation of sustainable fishing policies are ways forward for the sus...
Farrukh Saleem*, Babar Hilal Ahmad*, Saleem Zahid* and Bilal Kabeer*
COMPARATIVE PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF INDIGENOUS NAKED NECK AND NAKED NECK CROSSBRED LAYER CHICKENS
...Wildlife Programme, National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan. A total of 72 birds (16 weeks of age) comprising 30 females and 6 males of each breed were divided into six experimental units / replicates (10 females and 2 male / replicate). Separate breeding pen were allotted to each replicate. The birds were fed ad-libitum. The data on body weight, feed consumption,...
Nosheen Zahra*, Ghulam Sarwar* and Sher Muhammad**
COMPARISON OF GYPSUM AND POTASSIUM SILICATE FOR RECLAMATION OF SALINE SODIC SOIL
... silicate and their combinations at different levels for reclamation of saline sodic soil was tested. Treatments were replicated thrice. All pots were arranged according to completely randomized design and treatments were applied to the soil according to treatment plan. Appropriate time was given to achieve the reclamation of saline sodic soil and relative efficiency was assessed through laboratory analysis. After this, rice...
Usman Shakoor*, Abdul Saboor*, Irfan Baig*, Anila Afzal** and Abdul Rahman***
CLIMATE VARIABILITY IMPACTS ON RICE CROP PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN
...(VAR) model. Annual seasonal data of the climatic variables from 1980 to 2013 has been used. Results confirmed that rising mean maximum temperature would lead to reduction in rice production while increase in mean minimum temperature would be advantageous towards rice production. Variation in mean minimum temperature brought about seven percent increase in rice productivity as shown by Variance Decomposition. Mean precipitation and mean temperature would incre...
Muhammad Aamir Khan*, Abdul Saboor*, Rauf-i-Azam**, Abdul Qayyum Mohsin* and Fayyaz-ul-Hassan***
IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION ON INCOME INEQUALITY IN PAKISTAN
...s a key element in sustainable development. Liberalized Trade has been adopted by many developing countries to increase economic growth and therefore reducing poverty. In this backdrop, the current study evaluates the impact of Pakistan’s agricultural trade liberalization using a modified Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) framework. The newly developed MyGTAP program was used to modify the Pakistan’s data in t...
Maimoona Bashir*, Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar*, Muhammad Fateh Ullah Khan* and Abdul Razzaq*
EFFECT OF MIXING LOW PALATABLE GRASSES AND IPIL IPIL LEAVES ON FORAGE QUALITY
...as conducted at the National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan to investigate the impact of mixing low palatable grasses namely Heteropogon contortus, Desmostachya bipinnata, Sorghum halepense and Chrysopogon aucheri with tree leaves of Leucaena leucocephala (Ipil ipil) in the ratio of 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, along with sole species on their...
Maimoona Bashir*, Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar*, Muhammad Fateh Ullah Khan* and Raheel Babar*
EFFECT OF MIXING LOW PALATABLE GRASS OF HETEROPOGON CONTORTUS WITH IPIL IPIL LEAVES ON DIGESTIBILITY IN GOATS
...as conducted at the National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan during 2012 to find out the effect of mixing low palatable grasses of Heteropogon contortus (HC), with tree leaves of Leucaena leucocephala (Ipil ipil, II) in the ratio of 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, along with sole species on their digestibility in small ruminants. Goats fed II , HC II , HC II , HC II and HC had simil...
Muhammad Shahzad*, Ayesha Tahir**, Naveed Jehan*** and Muhammad Luqman*
IMPACT OF DIFFERENT PACKAGING TECHNOLOGIES ON POSTHARVEST LOSSES OF STONE FRUITS IN SWAT PAKISTAN
...rough pre tested questionnaires by proportionate random sampling procedure. Quantitative losses were estimated through percentage method while partial losses were estimated at the wholesale and retail level by price differential method. Multiple regression analysis was employed to find relation between post-harvest losses and different factors at three different stages. Findings of the stu...
Sajid Ali* and Abdul Jabbar**
GROWTH AND VARIABILITY IN AREA PRODUCTION AND YIELD OF SELECTED FRUIT CROPS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...en used for variability analysis. The findings of the study revealed that growth in production of selected fruit remained positive with area under fruit as a major contributor during period-I. Period-II witnessed either low or negative growth in fruit production except peach. Variability in fruit production was higher in period-II as compared to period-I. Main contributor to fluctuations in fruit production during period-I was variability in area under fruit, ...
Muhammad Ayub*, Rizwan Maqbool*, Muhammad Tahir*, Zoaib Aslam*, Muhammad Ather Nadeem* and Muhammad Ibrahim**
IMPROVED GROWTH, SEED YIELD AND QUALITY OF FENNEL (FOENICULUM VULGARE MILL.) THROUGH SOIL APPLIED NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS
...stan, fennel is conventionally grown without fertilizer. A field experiment, was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer treatments (NP in ratio of 0:0, 30:0, -1 0:30, 30:15, 30:30, 60:30, 60:60, 90:45 and 90:90 kg ha ) on growth, seed yield and quality of fennel during 2011-2012. Fertilizer NP dose (90:45 kg -1 ha ) increased plant height by 44%, number of leaves per plant by 76%, 1000 seed weight by 44%, biological yield by 50%, ...
Mazher Abbas*, Irfan Mehmood*, Arshed Bashir*, Muhammad Ather Mehmood* and Sonila Hassan*
WOMEN COTTON PICKERS PERCEPTIONS ABOUT HEALTH HAZARDS DUE TO PESTICIDE USE IN IRRIGATED PUNJAB
... interviewed from Bahawalnagar, Sahiwal and Vehari districts of cotton-wheat zone of the Punjab. Summary statistics of women cotton pickers' showed mean average age was 33 years and had 2.4 years of formal schooling and 10 years of cotton picking experience. The main reasons for cotton picking reported were to reduce family financial burden (30%) followed by better access to food and resource (23%) and better education of ch...
Arshed Bashir*, Fatima Ahmad**, Irfan Mehmood*, Muhammad Qasim*, Mazher Abbas* and Sonila Hassan*
ECONOMICS OF RED MEAT PRODUCTION IN PUNJAB
...tify;"> This paper analyzes the cost and return estimates of red meat among different meat production systems namely subsistence rural farms, small sized specialized farm and commercial farms. Four districts of Punjab (Gujranwala and Sialkot from rice-wheat zone and Chiniot and Faisalabad from mixed cropping zone) were selected for data collection and 76 red meat producers were interviewed. The results showed that comme...
Syeda Aimen Hadi*, Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry*, Aftab Ahmed** and Shaheer Ellahi Khan***
PERCEPTION, APPROACHES AND PRACTICES OF LOCAL FARMING AND DEVELOPMENT: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACH
...ion to them. The traditional agriculture has completely been clutched into the nexus of modern farming methods, due to which they are being abandoned by the farmers. Modern farming which is representative of development has increased the competition, transitioning, breaking the community into people experimenting on modern technology and those who are still finding means to adapt their traditional agriculture to the fast cha...
Muhammad Akhter*, Muhammad Azhar Ali**, Zulqarnain Haider* and Shahzad Muzammil***
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHANGES IN GRAINS OF SOME ADVANCE LINES/ VARIETIES OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) AFTER PARBOILING
...ue for improving nutritional, milling and cooking qualities of these lines/varieties. For this purpose, white milled and parboiled rice samples of ten lines/varieties were analyzed for nutritional quality parameters such as ash, dry matter, crude fat, crude protein, crude fiber, vitamin B6; milling quality parameters such as total milling recovery, head rice recovery, ratio of broken grain...
Muhammad Arshad Ullah*, Nazir Hussain**, Helge Schmeisky*** and Muhammad Rasheed****
INOCULATION AND INTER-CROPPING OF LEGUMES IN ESTABLISHED GRASS FOR INCREASING BIOMASS OF FODDER
...infed conditions at National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC) Islamabad, Pakistan. Intercropping significantly increased tillering of grass. Seed inoculation of legumes also gave maximum tillers. The grass and legumes biomass without any treatment were recorded as 7.09 and -1 8.17 t ha , respectively, during two years of study. Mixed fodder -1 production increased to 11.62, 13.6 and 14....
Muhammad Zahid Kiani*, Arshad Ali**, Tariq Sultan** and Muhammad Munir Ahmed***
CHARACTERIZATION OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA ISOLATED FROM ROOT SYSTEM OF SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUS L) GROWN UNDER SALT AFFECTED AREA OF PAKISTAN
...as biochemically at National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad during 2011-13. It was observed that all isolates produced IAA, whereas14 strains were declared as phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), eight isolates exhibited antifungal characteristics, 30 were nitrogen fixer and all of them were gram -ve. During biochemical characterization of bacterial isolates KS 15 and KS 8 produced the highest indole acetic acid whereas KS 15 and KS 17 indicated max...
Tosif Tabassam*, Tariq Sultan**, M.Ehsan Akhtar**, M.Mahmood-ulHassan** and Arshad Ali**
SUITABILITY OF DIFFERENT FORMULATED CARRIERS FOR SUSTAINING MICROBIAL SHELF LIFE
...us constraint for dissemination of biofertilizer technology in Pakistan. Present study was designed to formulate a suitable carrier from locally available cheap material and evaluate for shelf life by using locally isolated plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains from maize rhizosphere. Different combinations of material were prepared using clay soil (35-50%), fly-ash (30-45%), press mud (5-15%) and lignite (5-15...
Anum Fatima*, Saleem Abid* and Sobia Naheed*
TRENDS IN WHOLESALE PRICES OF ONION AND POTATO IN MAJOR MARKETS OF PAKISTAN: A TIME SERIES ANALYSIS
...f onion in major markets namely Lahore, Hyderabad, Peshawar and Quetta were increased @ 8.97%, 8.82%, 8.53% and 8.88% per annum, respectively. Similarly, those of potato were increased @ 8.42%, in Lahore; 7.73%, Hyderabad; 8.21%, Peshawar and 7.58%, Quetta market. The increasing prices of these two essential household items will be difficult to manage by the consumers. Hence, the government has to make some measures, rules a...
Rashed Saeed*, Shoaib-ur-Rehman**, Muhammad Qasim*, Hafiz Zahid Mahmood*** and Irfan Mehmood*
ECONOMICS OF PERI-URBAN RADISH PRODUCTION AND MARKETING IN FAISALABAD
...tal factor productivity analyses depict that radish cultivation is a profitable enterprise in the study area. Productivity gap between current and potential yield of radish can be minimized by the adoption of recommended production and marketing practices....
Riaz Hussain*, Muhammad Riaz**, Mushtaq A. Saleem*** and Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi**
BIOCHEMICAL ABNORMALITIES INDUCED BY ABAMECTIN IN SIXTH INSTAR LARVAE OF THE RED FLOUR BEETLE, TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM (HERBST)
...ed prior to biochemical analyses. Results showed differences in the activities of enzymes and quantities of total protein, soluble protein and FAA between strains and among concentrations. Abamectin, at LC and LC , changed the activities 10 20 /levels of TE, CE, AcP, total protein and FAA in the larvae of both the strains. The activities of alpha-amylase, glucoamylase and AkP remained non-significant at both doses in the two strains. In PAK strain larvae, the ...
Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Abid Hussain*
ECONOMICS OF MILK PRODUCTION OF MAJOR DAIRY BUFFALO BREEDS BY AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES IN PAKISTAN
...ilk prices. Econometric analysis of milk production in the country revealed that use of green fodder and concentrates contribute positively and significantly to milk production....
Riaz Hussain*, Muhammad Riaz** and Mushtaq A. Saleem***
TOXICITIES OF AZADIRACHTIN AND POLYCHLORINATED PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON AGAINST RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE STRAINS OF TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE) ADULTS
...rough filter paper impregnated method against azadirachtin (Nimbokil 60 EC) and polychlorinated petroleum hydrocarbon (Tenekil 100 EC). The LC values of these insecticides were worked out as 12830 and 50 9331 ppm for azadirachtin and 5148 and 4047 ppm for Tenekil 100 EC against PAK and FSS-II strains, respectively. The results revealed that polychlorinated petroleum hydrocarbon was more to...
Muhammad Hidayat Rasool*, Abuzar Muhammad Afzal*, Abu Baker Siddique*, Waseem Akram**, Muhammad Saqalein*, Madiha Basit* and Muhammad Farooq Tahir***
ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF VIRO CARE GZ-08 AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS IN POULTRY AND ITS IN-VITRO CYTOTOXICITY ASSAY
...stan. Regardless of vaccination, other prevention and control measures are necessary to prevent ND outbreaks. Natural resources have been exploited to obtain antiviral compounds in several latest studies. In this study, the antiviral activity of Viro Care GZ-08™ was checked up invitro, in-ovo and in-vivo. The cytotoxicity assay of the product was performed using Vero cell line. All the trials revealed that the stock solution and 1:2 dilution of GZ-08&tra...
Muhammad Asif Jamil*, Nowshad Khan*, FarhatUllah Khan* and Muhammad Zakria*
EFFECTIVENESS OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION TO THE FARMING COMMUNITY OF DISTRICT BHIMBER, AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR
...the respondents had personal acquaintance with the extension staff and 12.67% of them knew extension staff through their neighbour, while 38% of respondents from their friends. The farmers who knew extension staff through relatives were only 16%. It was also found that demonstration, personal contact, group meetings and training were effective methods of communication. The study concluded that other sources of information i....
Syed Asif Imran Shah*, Shah Jehan Khan**, Abdul Aziz Baloch*** ,
Obaid Ullah Sayal**, Kalim Ullah* andShujaat Ali**
COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS IN VARIOUS INBRED LINES OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)
..., during 2012. Variance analysis exhibited highly significant (P≤0.01) variation among genotypes for days -1 -1 -1 to 50% silking, ear length, kernel rows ear , kernels row , kernels ear and grain yield. Mean square values due to general combining ability were -1 highly significant (P≤0.01) for all studied attributes except kernels ear and grain yield. Highly significant variations for specific combining ability of direct and reciprocal effects were obse...
Muhammad Arshad Ullah*, Nazir Hussain**, Helge Schmeisky*** and Muhammad Rasheed****
IMPROVING FODDER QUALITY OF PANICUM GRASS THROUGH INTERCROPPING OF LEGUMES AND THEIR INOCULATION
...ns for two years at National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC) Islamabad, Pakistan. Treatments comprising intercropping of Panicum grass with legumes (33%, 50% and 67%) with or without inoculation to investigate its fodder quality. The study clearly indicated that quality of fodder increased significantly both with the legumes and inoculation. The intercropping of Panicum grass with 67% ...
Muhammad Qasim*, Sonila Hassan*, Arshed Bashir*, Hafiz Zahid Mahmood** and Irfan Mehmood*
ANALYZING PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF SELECTED FOOD AND LEGUME CROPS FOR FOOD SECURITY IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...ld for wheat. In this scenario the wheat production can be enhanced by increasing its area than that of rice and sugarcane. The annual growth rate for gram and mung area was estimated about 1.0% and 4.9%, respectively, with the production growth rate of 2.3% and 6.4% while yield growth rate of 2.9% and 1.4%, respectively. Keeping in view the higher growth of gram yield the increase in its area may enhance its production more than that of mung. The proportio
Sameera Arshad*, Iftikhar Hussain*, Maqsood Anwar* and Sarwat Naz Mirza*
HABITAT SURVEY FOR RECOGNIZING BIRD ATTRACTANTS AROUND BENAZIR BHUTTO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN
... within 8 km radius of Benazir Bhutto International Airport (BBIA), Islamabad. Each site represented a different habitat and was ranked for the presence of bird attracting sites using Habitat Composite Index (HCI). Habitat representing naturally preserved recreational area (Ayub Park) showed highest rank (9.7) for the ...
Amjad Pervez*, Syed Muzaffar Ahmed*, Akhlaq Ahmad** and Qazi Mehmood Ali**
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT FOOD GRAINS AS BAITS FOR MANAGEMENT OF HYSTRIX INDICA
...d as bait base for its management. Six locally available food grains viz., wheat, rice, maize, black gram, sorghum and millet were offered in whole/crack form. Under no choice and choice tests, rice was the most preferred food, followed by wheat, maize and others. The present study suggested that rice in whole or cracked form alone or in combination with wheat can be applied as very palatable (32% and 27%, respectively) and ...
Junaid Alvi*, Ijaz Ashraf*, Khalid Mehmood Ch*, Muhammad Iftikhar* and Saleem Ashraf**
IMPACT OF LIVESTOCK IN UPLIFTING RURAL LIVELIHOOD
...key role in boosting the national economy and improving the citizens' livelihoods. The study focused on the potential contribution of the livestock sector in uplifting livelihoods. Data were collected through face to face interview using interview schedule from 120 randomly selected livestock producers in SubDistrict Jaranwala of District Faisalabad. Data showed that, livestock farming on small level was found widely adopted...
Sobia Naheed*, Irum Raza*, M. Zubair Anwar*, Nusrat Habib*, Naheed Zahra* and Sabeen Siddiqui*
FORECASTING AREA AND PRODUCTION OF BARLEY IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...976 to 2011. Four models namely quadratic trend, linear trend, exponential growth curve and double exponential smoothing were compared and the best fitting model was chosen by reason of three accuracy measures namely mean absolute deviation (MAD), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and mean squared deviation (MSD). The values of these
measures were lowest for the double exponential smoothing method, ther...
Saqib Shakeel Abbasi*, Ayesha Tahir**, Irum Raza* Saleem Abid* and Muhammad Nisar Khan*
TREND ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING OF WHEAT AND RICE IN PAKISTAN
...y household. This paper analyses the price trends for these crops over the last 30 years and based on statistical models, forecast their prices from 2013 to 2017. Different models have been applied to get the best fit model. These were linear trend model, quadratic trend model, exponential growth model and S-curve model. The minimum values of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) and Mean Squared Deviation (MSD) have been acquire...
Muhammad Mohsin Raza*, Muhammad Aslam Khan*, Irfan Ahmad**, Ali Ahsan Bajwa***, Hafiz Muhammad Usman Aslam*, Badar Ahsan Ullah****, and Kashif Riaz*
FOREST PATHOGENS AND DISEASES UNDER CHANGING CLIMATE -A REVIEW
... and modern scientific management strategies like monitoring, modeling prediction, risk rating, planning, genetic diversity and facilitated migration, genetic protection and breeding for disease resistance and relating results to forest policy, planning as well as decision making, the suspicions innate to climate change effects can be minimized....
Khurram Nawaz Saddozai*, Umme Rubab* and Abass Ullah Jan*
STOCHASTIC FRONTIER ANALYSIS OF MAIZE FARMERS IN AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR, PAKISTAN
...tudy was carried out to analyze the technical efficiency of maize growers through Cobb-Douglas type Stochastic Frontier Analysis in four villages of Muzaffarabad district, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), Pakistan. The proportional sampling allocation sampling technique was adopted to collect primary data from 80 sampled respondents in 2013-14. The maximum likelihood estimates of major inputs...
Khurram Nawaz Saddozai*, Muhammad Nasrullah* and Noor P. Khan**
STOCHASTIC FRONTIER PRODUCTION ANALYSIS OF TOBACCO GROWERS IN DISTRICT MARDAN, PAKISTAN
...of this research was to analyze the stochastic frontier production of tobacco growers. This parametric approach was encompassed to investigate the technical efficiency of growers. The primary data was gleaned during 2014-15 from sampled population of three villages namely Takkar Kali, Garo Shah and Passand Kali of Takhtbhai Tehsil, Mardan district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The multi-stage sampling technique was utilize...
Umar Ijaz Ahmed*, Liu Ying**, Muhammad Khalid Bashir***,
Muhammad Amjed Iqbal*, Muhammad Rizwan*, Muhammad Mazhar
Iqbal****, Muhammad Rafi Qamar***** and Aftab Nazeer******
SPATIAL PRICE TRANSMISSION IN PAKISTAN: THE CASE OF WHEAT AND RICE MARKETS
...thly retail prices. For analysis Vector Error Correction Model and Co-integration approach were employed. Results showed that wheat and rice market prices are integrated. Some markets have positive or negative transmission shocks on each other due to the different geographical locations and transport infrastructure. All the wheat markets are adjusted to price changes in the long run equilibrium except few markets. Unidirectiona<...
Zafar Abbas*, Ijaz Ahmad**, Adnan Shakeel**, Muhammad Abdullah***, Muhammad Islam**, Sadiq Muhammad*, Ghulam Murtaza* and Mushtaq Ahmad**
EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER AND WATER STRESS ON PROTEIN AND PHENOLIC CONTENTS IN COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.)
...itative and qualitative analysis of total protein and phenolic compounds, respectively. Proteins were greatly affected by fertilizer treatment and water stress, but phenolic compounds remained unchanged upon fertilizer treatment. However, they were greatly affected by irrigation and water -1 stress. Crop treated with 100 kg ha P O under water stress maintained high 2 5 protein content as compared to unfertilized and no water stress treatments. However, phenoli...
Ali Raza Shah**, Muhammad Saffar Mirjat**, Abdul Quadir Mughal***, Inayatullah Rajper** and Asif Ali Mirani****
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT TILLAGE SYSTEMS IN A CLAY LOAM SOIL*
...reatments i.e., conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), zero tillage (ZT) and controlled traffic farming (CTF) was carried out to evaluate the performance of tillage systems. Results indicated that the soil pulverization was higher (P<0.05) under MT and lower under CT treatments while, it was nonsignificant between MT and CTF treatments. Similarly, soil volume disturbed and effective ploughing depth was maximum (P<0.05) under CT followed by MT, ...
Raja Zoq-ul-Arfeen*, Aamir Saleem*, Sarwat Naz Mirza*, Muhammad Akmal**, Hafiz Muhammad Tayyab* and Obaid Afzal***
BIODIVERSITY AND PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM RIPARIAN AREAS OF PAKISTAN: SPECIAL REFERENCE TO TAUNSA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY AND KETI SHAH FORESTS
...tylon, Desmostachya bipinnata, Imperata cylindrica, Fimbristylis hispidula, Acacia nilotica, Phragmites karka, Tamarix sp. and Saccharum bengalense as dominant species. The biodiversity in upstream and downstream areas were rich in pre-monsoon season in comparison to post-monsoon season in surveyed areas. This study is useful for management of the area in the future as conservation strateg...
Saima Kanwal*, Saeeda Raza*, Khalid Naseem*, Muhammad Amjad*, Naseem Bibi* and Musarrat Gillani*
DEVELOPMENT, PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF BISCUITS SUPPLEMENTED WITH PUMPKIN SEEDS TO COMBAT CHILDHOOD MALNUTRITION IN PAKISTAN
...elopment Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan in 2014. Nutritive pumpkin seed flour fortified biscuits were prepared with four different substituted levels of pumpkin seed flour in wheat flour (T =5%, 2 T =10%, T =15% and T =20%), were compared with control (T ). Chemical 3 4 5 1 attributes of biscuits showed that T has maximum level of pumpkin flour (20%) 5 with maximum protein (12.30%), fat (28.29%), ash (4.13%), iron (2.28%)...
Anwar Hussain* and Muhammad Rahman**
ROLE OF TRAININGS ON FARMERS' PROFITABILITY OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS OF DISTRICT SWAT, KHYBER PUKHTUNKHWA
...' profitability in medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) in mountainous areas of district Swat. A convenient sample of 100 respondents, engaged in MAPs in Chail Valley Madyan was taken. Information about revenue from MAPs, marketing, prices and quantities was collected through a structured questionnaire. The respondents were given training under Swiss Development Cooperation Project at the time of collection, harvesting, clea...
Ahmed Fatima*
INCIDENCE OF POVERTY AND THE ROLE OF NON-FARM ACTIVITIES
...s agro-climatic zones. Finally, incidence and severity of poverty as well as the spread of income among the poor for non-farm wage earners, farm wage earners, non-farm self-employed and the crop cultivators in the nine agro-climatic zones of rural Pakistan was also carried out. The relationship between incidence of poverty and non-farm activities is ambivalent with non-farm households being better off in regions that are less fertile. The incidence of poverty ...
Muhammad Nisar Khan*, Tariq Hassan*, Hassnain Shah*, Saleem Abid*, Irum Raza* and Saqib Shakeel Abbasi*
ASSESSMENT OF THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING COURSE UNDER WATERSHED PROJECT AT FATEHJANG FIELD STATION, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...izing different professional trainings to create awareness about water saving technologies as solar powered irrigation system, drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, micro catchment, rooftop rainwater harvesting and irrigation scheduling. Therefore, the project activities also include the training of the professionals from the line departments for the demonstrated technologies to foster the process of adoption. For this purp...
Syeda Nasreen*, Muhammad Ayub Khan*, Muhammad Arshad*, Maryam Kamal**, Doulat Baig *, M. Tariq*, Talat Gilani* and Musarrat Gilani*
COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES FOR SEED YIELD TRAITS IN SUNFLOWER
...different desirable combinations for varietal improvement through breeding programme. The cross of CMS-303 x RHA-271 expressed the highest specific combining ability (SCA) value for yield while CMS 303 x RHA-854 hybrid exhibited the highest SCA estimates for harvest index. CMS-53 x RHA-854 and CMS-64 x SF-187 crosses exhibited the highest SCA estimates for head diameter and 1000-seed weight, respectively. The SCA variances were higher than GCA for seed yield a...
Doulat Baig*, Fida Mohammad Abbasi*, Habib Ahmed*, Maqsood Qamar** and Muhammad Ayub Khan**
RESPONSE OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS TO DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL AND AGRONOMICAL TRAITS UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS
...in 2012 and 2013 at National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan. The experiment was aimed to –1 –1 evaluate the effect of different nitrogen (N) levels (N = 0 kgha , N = 60 kgha , N = 0 1 2 –1 –1 –1 –1 80 kgha , N3 = 120 kgha , N4 = 180 kgha and N5 = 240 kgha ) on two sunflower hybrids, SMH-0907 and SMH-0917 to optimize the N levels...
Imdad Ali Mahmood*, Arshad Ali**, Armghan Shahzad**, Muhammad Asif Masud Ghumman***, Muhammad Arshad Ullah**, Tariq Sultan** and Badar-u-Zaman**
CROP RESIDUES AND PHOSPHORUS EFFECT ON YIELD AND ECONOMICS OF DIRECT SEEDED RICE AND WHEAT GROWN UNDER SALINE-SODIC SOIL
...op harvesting. Economic analysis of both the crops was carried out to see the best treatment with sufficient economic benefits as compared to without crop residues incorporation. Maximum net benefit of Rs. 92754 for direct seeded rice -1 and Rs. 69558 for wheat grown with 80 kg P O ha application under crop 2 5 residues incorporation was determined. Among P application treatments under no crop residues incorporation, the maximum net benefit (Rs. 75874 and Rs. ...
Azhar Usman Ali*, Ghulam Sarwar*, Muhammad Aftab* and Sher Muhammad**
EFFECT OF SOIL AND FOLIAR APPLIED COPPER ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)
...d in each pot after germination. Foliar application of copper was done at booting and tillering stage. At maturity, data regarding different yield components were noted and wheat plants were harvested. Grain yield and total biomass was also recorded. Soil samples were collected from all pots and analyzed for copper concentration by using wet digestion method. Results of the experiment indicated that soil application of coppe...
Muhammad Mudasar Aslam ⃰, Muhammad Jamil**, Ijaz Malook**, Amana Khatoon*, Ali Rehman*, Abdur Rahim***, Pirzada Khan*, Shakir Ullah Khan Shakir*, Shahid Irfan*, Faizan Ullah****, Khair Ul Bashar**, Mahideen Afridi** and Shafiq Ur Rehman*
PHYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF CALOTROPIS PROCERA, TAMARIX APHYLLA AND PEGANUM HARMALA ON PLANT GROWTH OF WHEAT AND MUSTARD
...num harmala on seed germination and seedling length of wheat and mustard. Results showed that seed germination of wheat was significantly decreased by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% while mustard seeds were resistant and were affected by higher dilutions (15%, 20% and 25%) of all plant extracts. Roots of both wheat and mustard were highly affected by plant aqueous extracts at all concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) but sho...
Sohaib Arshad*, Sarwat Naz Mirza*, Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar** and Maqbool Shahbaz**
DETERMINATION OF FORAGE QUALITY OF INDIGENOUS AND EXOTIC RHODES GRASS ACCESSIONS UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
...ting in deterioration of natural resources, and it is need of the hour to find fodder crop resources which are more accustomed to change climatic conditions. Hence, different exotic and indigenous varieties of Rhodes grass were tested for quality and yield parameters. Three varieties were imported from Australia and Zimbabwe namely Sabre, Tolgar (Australian) and Katambora (Zimbabwean). Dry matter yield and crude protein cont...
Salar Khan Yousafzai*, Shah Masaud Khan*, Khalil ur Rehman**, Junaid Khan*, Sher Aslam Khan*, Ijaz Hussain* and Ishrat Naz***
RESPONSE OF TOMATO CULTIVARS TO DIFFERENT ORGANIC FERTILIZERS UNDER AGRO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF MINGORA, SWAT
... a varied response. The analyzed data showed that poultry manure -1 -1 gave maximum yield (24.65 tha ), followed by FYM (24.38 tha ) and mushroom -1 compost (24.11 tha ) while minimum was recorded in plots where no organic fertilizer was used. The results revealed that cultivar, Rio Grand showed maximum number of plant survival percentage (98.33%), days to flowering -1 -1 (40.73), number of flowers plant (6.23), number of fruit plant (25.67), fruit -1 3 weight...
Hafiz Saqib Habib*, Arshad Mahmood Malik*, Abid Ali** and Muhammad Aamir Khan***
SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF RURAL HOUSEHOLD FOOD EXPENDITURES IN RAWALPINDI
... Present study aimed to analyze the socioeconomic factors effecting total food expenditures of households in rural area of Rawalpindi tehsil. Respondents were selected randomly and data were collected through questionnaire. A multiple double log regression model was used because it has an advantage that estimated parameter can easily be explained as expendi-tures elasticity. This model is used to give details of responses in...
Muhammad Qasim*, Khuda Bakhsh**, Sultan Ali Tariq*, Mahmood Nasir***, Rashed Saeed**** and Muhammad Ather Mahmood****
FACTORS AFFECTING GROUNDNUT YIELD IN POTHWAR REGION OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
... with its profitability analysis. The sample farms were classified into small, medium and large farms. Farm-level crop data were gathered during two cropping seasons i.e., rabi 2008-09 and kharif 2009. One hundred and forty groundnut producers were selected for collecting data using the well-structured questionnaire from two important districts recognised for area and production of groundnut. Results showed that large farmer...
Sumia Bint Zaman*, Waqas Farooq*, Sidra Majeed*, Hasnain Shah*, and Abdul Majid**
ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURE SERVICE PROVIDERS' TRAINING ON WATER CONSERVATION TECHNOLOGIES IN POTHWAR REGION
...e training. Descriptive analysis alongwith paired 't' test was used to measure the effectiveness of training. Results indicated higher satisfactory level as majority of the participants were strongly agreed (73%) and agreed (23%) that trainings were participatory and skill development oriented and as 96% agreed or strongly agreed that these were helpful in starting the business as assessment of agriculture service providers (ASPs). It can be concluded that the...
Muhammad Farrukh Saleem*, Munir Ahmad*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum*, Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza** and Abdul Shakoor*
EFFECT OF TOPPING UNDER DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS ON EARLINESS AND YIELD OF COTTON
...nial plant with indeterminate growth habit. However it has been adopted as annual, so efforts like topping and optimum nitrogen levels to modify its architecture can play a role in improving its success as annual. A field experiment to study the effect of topping under different nitrogen levels on earliness and yield of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) was conducted at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, during kharif -1 2013. The cro...
Tasawar Sultana*, Farah Deeba* and S.M. Saqlan Naqvi*
HIGH-THROUGHPUT AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION OF MEDICAGO TRUNCATULA IN COMPARISON TO TWO EXPRESSION VECTORS
...ume plant for molecular analysis resulted in the development of efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols. In current study, M. truncatula transformed plants expressing OsRGLP1 were obtained through GATEWAY technology using pGOsRGLP1 (pH7WG2.0::OsRGLP1). The transformation efficiency of this vector was compared with expression vector from pCAMBIA series over-expressing same gene (pCOsRGLP1). A lower number of explants generated hygromycin resis...
Muhammad Mansoor*, Noman Latif*, Zafar Islam**, Sher Muhammad**, Amanullah* and Muhammad Umair***
IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF SOIL AMENDMENTS ON SOIL CAPPING IN MUNGBEAN PRODUCTION USING CENTRAL PIVOT IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN CLAYEY SOILS
...ted thrice. Mungbean (Vigna radiata L ) variety “Dera Mung” was used as test crop. Soil amendments were carried out through pure sand and farm yard manure (FYM) in equal proportions and in three different application rates viz., 60:60, -1 45:45 and 30:30 kg plot and an un-amended soil plot was kept as control. The size of each plot was 4m x 3m. The results depicted that parameters such as number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod ...
Muhammad Zahid Kiani*, Tariq Sultan**, Arshad Ali**, Ghulam Qadir*** Imdad Ali Mahmood**, Tauseef Tabassam**, Muhammad Arshad Ullah** and Nasir Abbas*
EFFECT OF PGPR STRAINS ON SUNFLOWER GROWTH AND NUTRIENT CONTENTS UNDER SALINITY STRESS
...10 and 12 dS m ) at National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad. Hybrid seeds (SMH 0917) of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) were used. After six weeks of sowing, plants were harvested and data regarding root length, plant height, root dry weight and shoot dry weight were recorded. The plant growth improved significantly with PGPR strain under salt stress. The root length, plant height, root and shoot weight increased up to 40%, 40%, 167% and 255%, -1 res...
Muneeb Zafar*, Tahir Mehmood**, Irfan Ahmad Baig**, Abdul Saboor** Mazher Abbas***, Shumaila Sadiq** and Khalid Mahmood****
ANALYTICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF NON-OPTIMAL USE OF PESTICIDES AND HEALTH HAZARDS FOR VEGETABLE PICKERS
...icides results in contamination of environment (water, soil, and air) and increase the health cost of vegetable pickers. The purpose of this study is to estimate the excessive use of pesticides and economic cost of health hazards for the vegetable pickers in district Vehari. Data from 90 respondents were collected and analyzed. The most common health problems identified during the survey were headache, eye irritation, skin i...
Samina Qamer*, Iram Nasir**, Um-Habiba Zafar**, Salma Sultana** and Tayyaba Sultana**
BIO-CHEMICAL EVALUATION OF HONEY PRODUCED BY APIS MELLIFERA HONEYBEE COLLECTED FROM JHANG, BAHAWALPUR, MULTAN, JHELUM AND KALAR KAHAR AREAS
...walpur, KalarKahar, Multanand, and Jhelum, respectively. Similarly, the pH 4.26, 4.50, 3.91, 3.72 and 3.33; electrical conductivity, 204.67mScm-1 ,137.8 mScm-1 , 202.62mScm-1 ,277.33mScm-1 and 196.96mScm -1;free acidity 25.80 meqkg -1, 26.16 meqkg-1 , 24.97 meqkg -1, 30.25 meqkg , 25.4 meqkg -1; lactone 8.17 meqkg -1, 6.52 meqkg-1 , 6.68 meqkg -1, 5 meqkg -1and 4.08 meqkg-1 ; total acidity, 32.96meqkg-1 ,32.52meqkg-1 ,31.65meqkg -1,35.25meqkg and 28.55meqkg-1 ...
Farid Asif Shaheen*, Sadia Parveen*, Ahmed Zia**, Ghulam Qadir*,
Mureed Husain*** and Rifat Ullah Khan****
PREDATORY APTNESS OF ANTS AGAINST RED FLOUR BEETLE, TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM HERBST (TENEBRIONIDAE: COLEOPTERA) IN WHEAT FLOUR
...atory. Three ant species namely, Dorylus labiatus, Camponotus rufipes and Monomorium minimum were collected from forest and non-forest habitats and compared for their predation against different life stages of RFB. Results showed D. labiatus of forest habitat as an efficient pupal predator that consumed 91.66% pupae of RFB. It was significantly different from non-forest ant population and control with 73.33% and 11.66% pupal predation, respectively. C. rufipes...
Waqar Akhtar*, Muhammad Sharif**, Abdul Hayee Qureshi*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla*** and Muhammad Azeem Khan*
COMPETITIVENESS OF TOMATO PRODUCTION IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...o trade by using Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) framework in Punjab, Pakistan. The province was divided into two tomato production regions i.e., Central and Southern Punjab for analysis purpose under importable scenario by using import parity price. Results of PAM model revealed that tomato production in both regions of Punjab has competitiveness under prevailing market situation as indicate...
Ghulam Sadiq Afridi*, Abdul Saboor**, Zahoor-ul-Haq***, Sultan Ali
Tariq**** and Muhammad Ishaq*****
EXPLORING POTENTIAL AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR PAKISTAN'S COTTON EXPORT
...are in export but unfortunately unable to meet international standards. This study aims to analyze the pattern of Pakistan cotton export, and to explore sector's export potential and opportunities. This new research endeavor with well-tested analytical tools e
Sidra Majeed*, Mubbashira Nazir*, Sumia Bint Zaman * and Waqas Farooq*
POTENTIAL OF SUGAR BEET PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN: A REVIEW
...sugar beet. Trends were analyzed using existing published statistics. Water requirement of sugarcane is almost three-fold of the sugar beet. Sugar beet will not put pressure on water resources if cultivated on commercial scale. The government is in favor of beet sugar but sugarcane mill owners are reluctant to encourage sugar beet cultivation due to some technical barrier. Beet growing experiment at different sites of Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) and Sindh...
Nisar Ahmed Soomro*, Abdul Fatah Soomro**, Hamz Ali Samo* and
Muhammad Siddique Depar***
GROWTH AND YIELD COMPARISONS OF FOUR COMMERCIAL WHEAT VARIETIES TO IRRIGATION FREQUENCIES
... regimes, four varieties namely, Kiran, Imdad-2005, TJ-83 and T.D-1 were supplied with 3 (IR ), 4 (IR ) and 5 (IR ) irrigations during the entire cropping season. The crop given 5 irrigations resulted in 88.71% germination, 82.77 cm plant height, 10.88 tillers plant , 266.74 tillers m , 59.41 grains spike , 60.50 g 1000-seed weight and 5862.25 kg grain yield ha . The crop irrigated four times, showed bit adverse effects on g...
Abdul Razaq*, Muhammad Jamal Khan*, Tahir Sarwar* and Mohammad Jamal Khan**
EFFECT OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION, SOWING METHODS AND MULCHING ON WHEAT YIELD AND NITROGEN UPTAKE
...ed on the basis of 50% Management Allowed Deficit (MAD). Results indicated that sowing methods, mulching and various levels of deficit irrigation significantly (P<0.05) affected wheat yield and nitrogen uptake. Raised beds cultivation produced higher number of tillers m (415), grain yield (5.13 t ha ), biological yield (12.02 t ha ) and total nitrogen uptake (141.7 kg ha ) as compared to the traditional flat bed. Similarl...
Muhammad Nisar Khan*, Hassnain Shah*, Saqib Shakeel Abbasi and Abid Hussain*
FARMERS PERCEPTION TOWARDS THE APPLICATION OF BIOZOTE IN SELECTED DEMONSTRATED RICE FIELDS AT HAFIZABAD AND SHEIKHUPURA DISTRICTS
...ugh a structured questionnaire and face to face interviews at their fields. Majority of the host farmers found that plots with biozote had better germination and also found it a good technology for improving rice yield. Non-availability of biozote at local level, less farmers' awareness and low education level of farmers were identified as major issues in adoption of this technology in the study areas....
Abdul Haq*, Anjum Shehzad**, Muhammad Ilyas**, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi**, Abdul Rauf Bhatti** and Mian Inayatullah*
DIVERSITY AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF CITRUS POLLINATORS IN DISTRICT HARIPUR, PAKISTAN
...ens of adult citrus pollinators collected from district Haripur represented four orders of insects i.e., Diptera with 16 species, Hymenoptera with 14 species, Lepidoptera with 3 species and Coleoptera with 2 species. The calculated values of relative abundance showed that is most abundant species in ecosystem followed by sp. and . All calculated values of diversity indices except Shannon-H does not show significant difference. Shannon's diversity shows that Na...
Inayat-Ur-Rahman*, Shamsher Ali**, Mukhtar Alam*, Mohammad Adnan*, Hidayat ullah*, Muhammad Faisal Anwar Malik*, Abdul Sattar Shah* Mohammad Ibrahim*
EFFECT OF SEED PRIMING ON GERMINATION PERFORMANCE AND YIELD OF OKRA ( L.)
...n improving percent germination and reducing the mean germination time (MGT) as compared to unprimed seeds. Priming agents, its osmotic potential and duration significantly affected germination percentage, which increased as osmotic potential lowered from 0 to -1.2 Mpa while further lowering osmotic potential to -1.6 Mpa and below adversely affected germina<...
Dilawar Khan*, Abid Saeed*, Junaid Ahmad*, Imtiaz Qamar**, Fazal Yazdan**, Saleem ud Din** and Muhammad Tariq**
ASSESSMENT OF RIPARIAN VEGETATION IN DHRABI WATERSHED AND CHAKWAL REGION IN PAKISTAN
...vestock production. The analysis includes assessment and role of this riparian vegetation which is very helpful for integrated watershed management in different watershed areas. Dhrabi watershed is a catchments area of Dhrabi reservoir and lies in district Chakwal. There were 88 species reported in the study area. The five plant communities recognized in the Dhrabi watershed on the basis of importance value (IV) by using lin...
Mubbashira Nazir*, Saira Batool*, Sultan Ali Tariq**, Abid Hussain** and Ya Sakina**
INTERDECADAL GROWTH VARIABILITY AND DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF FRUIT CROPS IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...ed and decreased in alternate decades. Results of Cuddy-Della Valle Index showed that variations in production of major fruits decreased over time (from 1970s to 1990s); however, variability in their production escalated and reached to the highest levels for citrus and mango again in 2000s. While, variations in guava production were the highest in 1970s followed by 1980s. On the basis of growth rate data these can be attributed to expansion in area to a great ...
Hina Fatima** and Bushra Yasmin**
EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS OF PAKISTAN'S FARM SECTOR: A META-ANALYSIS*
...tions of Pakistan. Meta-analysis in present study provides the statistical efficiency analysis as well as statistical information regarding methodological, regional and crop specific influences on farm sector of Pakistan. The data rely on the published research papers on efficiency analysis of Pakistan's farm sector from 1971 to 2014. Three models separa...
Basharat Hussain Shah*, F. S. Hamid*, Shams ul Islam*, Fayaz Ahmad*, Sohail Aslam*, and Noorullah Khan*
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.) GENOTYPES FOR YIELD AND OTHER ATTRIBUTES AT SHINKIARI, MANSEHRA
...d during 2014-15 at National Tea & High Value Crops Research Institute (NTHRI) Shinkiari, Mansehra. Altogether seven pea genotypes were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Normal agronomic practices were carried out during the growth period and data was recorded on different growth parameters. Significant differences were observed for all the agronomic traits studied. Root rot attack was observed during the growth p...
Ummad-ud-Din Umar*, Muhammad Aslam Khan**, *Ateeq-urRehman*, Abdul Hannan***, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi*, Azhar Ali Khan****, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar****
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF POTATO LEAF ROLL VIRUS DISEASE PREDICTION MODEL BASED ON ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS FOR FAISALABAD, PAKISTAN
...le. Stepwise regression analysis was performed to select potentially useful predictor variables for model development. In stepwise regression analysis minimum temperature, relative humidity and rainfall emerged as the main contributing environmental variables for disease development. The model performance was evaluated based on coefficient of determination (R ) and the comparison of observ...
Mohammad Umar Farooq* , Sarfraz Ahmad ** , Mohammad Islam and Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar ***
ASSESSING THE STATUS OF CARBON POOL IN TWO RANGELAND GRASSES ( ) IN POTHWAR, REGION, PAKISTAN
...ch Institute (RRI), National Agricultural Research Centre, (NARC), Islamabad. Carbon is considered as the most important component of green house gases. Carbon sequestration during the photosynthesis process via plant biomass is the extent of this atmospheric gas. Data for above and below phytomass for two rangeland grasses was collected and carbon pool was estimated by Wet Combustion and ...
Muhammad Bilal*, Zafar Abbas*, Ijaz Ahmad**, Muhammad Aslam*, Muhammad Ijaz****, Adnan Shakeel***, Mushtaq Ahmad*** and Kashif Bashir*****
RESPONSE OF DIFFERENT COTTON ( L.) GENOTYPES AT VARIOUS SALINITY LEVELS
...dy was carried out under natural conditions as pots experiment in soil at water testing laboratory, D.G. Khan during 2012-13. Six cotton genotypes (FH – 945, FH – 901, NIAB – 111, NIAB – 999, B – 630 and B – 622) were collected from Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB) and Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad. The plant height of NIAB-111 was more affected by soil salinity than that of othe...
Muhammad Tahir* and Neelam Yasin*
EFFECT OF MICRONUTRIENTS FOLIAR APPLICATION ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF MAIZE
...nfines yield and nutritional value of grains. A field trial was laid out to evaluate the effect of micronutrients on yield and quality of maize in randomized complete block design (RCBD) at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad . The treatments comprised of no micronutrient application (control), water spray and foliar application of micronutrients mixture @ 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250 and 1500 ml ha at stem elongation stage of maize. Al...
Mehwish Kiran*, Muhammad Saleem Jilani*, Kashif Waseem*
and Muhammad Sohail**
EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURES AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF RADISH ( L)
... ha ) were recorded and analyzed statistically. The results revealed that all growth attributes and yield were significantly enhanced by the application of organic manures and NPK. The highest values were found in NPK treated plants followed by PM, GM, SS, PrM and FYM, respectively....
Arshia Naeem*, Maria Anjum*, Mariam Rehman*, Zahid Mahmood** and Muhammad Asif Kamran**
AN INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEM TO FACILITATE FARMERS IN WHEAT, SUGARCANE AND OTHER CROP DISEASES IDENTIFICATION
...ed to move from conventional ways of farming to easy, effective and efficient smart solutions are required to minimize yield losses in crop plants. An integrated application to facilitate farmers to communicate their crop related issues directly to agriculture scientists is proposed. This 'AXPERT Platform' consists of web application that provides user centered interface to farmers and a desktop application that facilitates agricultural scientists to identify ...
Raza Ullah*, Mariam Rehman*, Maria Anjum*, Muhammad Asif
Kamran**, Khuda Bakhsh***, Abdul Saboor****
NAVIGATING FARMING RISKS BY SIMULTANEOUS DIVERSIFICATION AND CREDIT THROUGH FORMAL AND INFORMAL COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
...ation on farmers' risk management adoption decisions keeping in view the potential correlation between these risk management adoption decisions. Bivariate and multinomial probit models are used to assess the impact of access to information on farmers' risk management adoption decisions using data collected from 330 randomly selected respondents from four districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pro...
Ghazala Nawaz*, Muhammad Nawaz Malik**, Muhammad Hassan
Mushtaq***, Fraz Munir Ahmad****, Ali Abdullah Shah*****, Farooq
Iqbal******, Shinawar Waseem Ali*******, Zahida Fatima******** and
Amjad Khan*********
SURVEILLANCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN LIVESTOCK IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...from small and large ruminants of subtropical rural communities in the province of Punjab during January-March, 2015. Total 59665 sera samples from apparently healthy animals were collected and screened by Rose Bengal Plate test and confirmed by Complement fixation test, respectively. After adjustment for test sensitivities and specificities accordingly, and chi square analysis of results, the true prevalence per 1000 animal...
Nusrat Habib*
RELATIVE PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF SUNFLOWER IN DISTRICT SWABI AND MARDAN
...dents was collected and analyzed in SPSS (Special Package for Social Scientists) software. Estimated results revealed that there was a key difference among target three crops profitability such as revenue per crop day of tobacco, sugarcane and sunflower were rupees 285.61, rupees 158 .93 and rupees 82.64 respectively. On the whole tobacco and sugarcane both of these crops were more profitable for the farmers. As study results showed that outputinput ratio of t...
Shakir Ullah*, Aish Muhammad*, Iqbal Hussian*, Hafeez-Ur-Rahman**, Muhammad Zeeshan Hyder***, Muhammad Din**** and Nizamud Din
MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATIONS IN APRICOT CULTIVARS GROWN IN GILGIT BALTISTAN PAKISTAN
...morphological UPOV (International Union
for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants) and the International Board for
Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR) characteristics. Three cultivars
(Charmagzi, Shai Pawand and Narie) had fruit weight from 39-41 g. Most of
the cultivars had small fruit with sweet and large...
ROLE OF HONEY BEES FORAGING ACTIVITIES IN INCREASED FRUIT SETTING AND PRODUCTION OF APPLES APIS MELLIFERA MALUS DOMESTICA
... trees were applied with natural pollination (T ) , pollination by honey bees only (T ), natural pollination augmented with honey bees (T ) and no pollination (T ,control). There was a significant increase in the apple fruit setting and weight gain in pollina...
Zafar Islam*, Abdul Ghafoor Mangrio*, Muhammad Munir Ahmad*, Ghani Akber*, Sher Muhammad**, Muhammad Umair*** and Yaskina****
APPLICATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF IRRIGATION WATER UNDER VARIOUS SIZES OF CENTER PIVOT SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
... changes in system maintenance or repair. The main objective of this study was to evaluate existing central pivot sprinkler irrigation systems under field conditions at different locations in the country. The study was carried out to evaluate water distribution under central pivot irrigation systems at three locations; National Agricultural Research Center (NA
Asif ullah Khan*, Faizan Ullah*, Sultan Mehmood*, Muhammad Irshad* and Farhat Ullah Khan**
ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF JATROPHA CURCAS L. LEAF AQUEOUS EXTRACT ON EARLY SEEDLING GROWTH OF L. PARTHENIUM HYSTEROPHORUS
...nvestigated on seed germination and seedling development of L. Extracts were applied at 25%, 20%, 15%, 10% and 5% as seed soaking for 8 hours prior to sowing. Phenolics compounds were found in aqueous extracts and were higher in 25% extract (52.72 mg gallic acid eq. / gm of extract). Higher concentration of the extract (25%) significantly decreased seed germination (%), seed germination in...
Ehsanullah*, Muhammad Amjad Shahzad*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum*, Ali Zohaib*, Muhammad Ishfaq* and Ejaz Ahmad Warraich*
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOWING METHODS AND PLANTING DENSITIES ON GROWTH, YIELD, FIBER QUALITY AND ECONOMIC EFFICACY OF COTTON
...owing methods. Economic analysis showed that economic returns and benefit cost ratio (BCR) (1.52) was elevated by flat sowing on 25 cm apart rows. In conclusion, maximum seed cotton yield and economic returns can be acquired by flat sowing with 25 cm apart rows, while, fiber quality is independent of sowing methods....
Syed Haider Abbas*, Ayesha Tahir**, Muhammad Asim***, Muhammad Sohail* and Riaz-ud-Din*
PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY OF WHEAT PAK-13 AT DIFFERENT SEEDING DENSITIES UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
...and SD6: 175 kg/ha) The analysis revealed that the highest chlorophyll contents (49.5), number of tillers/m (240), biological yield (7125 kg/ha), and grain yield (2660 kg/ha) were achieved at seeding density 100 kg/ha and was significantly different among various levels of seeding density. Again, the profitability analysis show the maximum gross margin (Rs. 98920/ha) and BCR (3.44) at 100 kg/ha seeding density level....
Sher Muhammad , Ijaz Ashraf*, Amir Khatam**, and Naima
Nawaz***
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FARMERS AND THEIR PARTICIPATION IN ACTIVITIES OF MODEL FARM SERVICES CENTERS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
...ommunities towards sustainable agriculture by putting emphasis on the delivery of demand-based services through their active involvement. This improved situation regarding availability of agricultural inputs and good decision making may result in active participation by farmers in farm related activities. The present paper focuses on farmers' participation in various activities of MFSCs as influenced by their socio-economic characteristics. The target populati...
Nasarullah*, Raiz uddin*, Fakhar Uddin* and Muhammad Jamal*
INTERPRETING WHEAT GENOTYPES FOR GRAIN YIELD UNDER DIFFERENT REGIMES OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...erial was comprised of 9 nationally released cultivars, three advance line from Tajikistan, one from China and two locally grown cultivars. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes, locations and genotype by environment interactions for days to heading, days to maturity, plant height (cm), spike length (cm), spikelets spi...
Muhammad Sharif1*, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz2, Muhammad Ansar3, Ijaz Ahmad4 and Syed Abdul Sadiq5
...llage and crop residue management practices are keyconsiderations for crop production in rainfed areas. The objective of the current study was to explorethe possibility of practicing conservation tillage systems for reducing input cost of small holder farming community of Pothwar, Pakistan. A two-year field study was carried out with a split plot design, having conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), reduced tillage...
Dachuan Cheng1,2, Md Mahbubul Hassan3, Zhenhua Ma1, 2, 3,*, Qibin Yang1 and Jian G. Qin3
...nd anomalies of crimson snapper Lutjanus erythropterus larvae and juveniles from hatching to 36 day-post hatching (DPH). Mandible, ceratobranchial, cleithrum and gill arches were the initial skeletal structures appeared at 3 DPH that supported the vital life functions such as feeding and respiration. Ossification of premaxilla and maxilla and dentary started at 3.21 ± 0.25 mm (9 DPH), and completed at 5.91 ± 0.34 mm (18 DPH). The head skel...
Wazha Mugabe1,3,Gaolebale Segolame Mpapho1, John Kamau1, Wameotsile Mahabile2, Shalaulani James Nsoso1, Kealeboga Dipheko1 and Assar Ali Shah3,*
...ontributes less to Botswana’s dairy sectors with a low annual production of 4 tonnes per year. The objectives of the study were to evaluate goat milk production practices and attributes of goat farmers in the Oodi agricultural region, Botswana. Ninety-one farmers were purposively selected based on milk production potential from a list of 170 farmers officially registered with the Oodi agriculture station. Farmers ...
Dildar Hussain Kalhoro1,2,, Shan Liang1, Muhammad Saleem Kalhoro2, Shoaib Ahmed Pirzado2, Nasir Rajput2, Muhammad Naeem2, Fahmida Parveen2 andYongjie Liu1*
... isolated from SPF embryonated chicken eggs. Sequencing analysis of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes showed 93 to 99% similarity between each other. The CIV isolates shared high similarity (above 98%) to the H3N2 viruses from dogs in China. On the comparison of gene sequence four unique mutations were fo...
Yanling Xia1,2, Heping Li2, Yuntao Liang2, Jichen Zhao2, Binshan Lu2 and Di Liu1,*
...t and phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that theVps26A protein of sika deer was highly similar to that of Bos taurus. Expression analysis by real-time quantitative RT-PCR revealed that Vps26A gene had a higher expression level at day 90 than those obtained at day 60 and 30.
...
Niamat Ullah Khan1*, Farkhanda Khan2, Muhammad Kashan3, Qadir Ullah4 and Abdur Rauf5
...ly resourceful mean of managing nitrogenous fertilizers and optimizing the nitrogen (N) use efficiencies, lint yield and fiber quality in wheat-cotton system. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted during 2014, 2015 and 2016 at Cotton Research Station, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan to explore N management practices for ZT cotton grown into standing wheat straw. The trial was conducted in a randomized complete block (RCB) d...
Youbao Zhong1, Xianlai Zhang1, Xiaofen Hu1 and Yong Li1, 2,*
...distribution by conventional HE and modified toluidine blue staining, respectively. Despite its similarity to the general mammal small intestine microstructure, the present results indicated that the hedgehog duodenum contained fewer Brunner’s glands, and that the Paneth cells were lacking in the crypt. The connective tissue was denser in the jejunal submucosa, but the muscularis was thicker. The intesti
Hina Zubair1, Saima Perveen2, Saeed Alam3, Akkad Rafiq4* and Sara Ejaz
...s study was designed to analyze the trends of utilization of different family planning methods in relation with socio-demographic factors at divisional headquarter hospital in a year time. A retrospective study was performed by analyzing one year records from family planning clinic at divisional headquarter hospital. At family planning centers, a total o...
Anza Zahid*, Muhammad Ali Ayub, Mujtaba Saeed, Nasir Pasha, Abdul Jabbar Dar, Huzaifa Javed, Aimen Shakeel, Amna Nasir, Ana Akbar, Zainab Tarrar and Ayesha Humayun
...tpatients, a cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in outpatient diabetic clinics of Shaikh Zayed and Services Hospitals in Lahore. Results presented in this study are based on 177 patients investigated for 3 months (April 2014-June 2014). Subjects were conveniently enrolled after taking written informed consent using a self-constructed and structured questionnaire. Out of 177 par...
Samina Ashraf1*, Ghulam Haider2 and Maimoona Ashraf3
...sical, sexual, and emotional abuse as well as to other practices of violence, such as institutional violence, drug use, undesirable sterilisation, medical abuse, mortification, and nuisance. This study is intended to explore the lived experiences of women with disabilities who have been subjected to any type of violence, generate a theoretical model for the ways in which women with disabilities survived and coped with their ...
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2 and Zafarullah Baloch3
...Results from regression analysis revealed that age, education and experience are strong predictors in the model to increase the knowledge level of the respondents for production, processing and marketing of the dates in district Panjgur.
...
...
Mohammad Nazeer* and Safdar Hussain Shah
... study was conducted to analyze morphological traits of four indigenous goat breeds of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. The breeds selected for this study were namely Damani, Surguli, Kaghani and Gaddi. Data was collected from two districts to the south (Dera Ismail Khan and Kohat) and two districts to the north (Kaghan and Naran) of KP province. Total number of 120 goat specimen (30 per breed) was selected for ...
Muhammad Abu Bakar1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Arshad1, Rashid Mahmood2,* and Ziyad Abdul Qadir2
...y of Sargodha. The coordinates of apiary are 32º13´15.7ʺN, 72 º68´41.8ʺE. The apiary had 24 Langstroth standard colonies of Apis mellifera naturally infested with Varroa destructor. Ectoparasitic mite, V. destructor is considered the most important parasite of A. mellifera L. that badly affects the development and performance of bees. Main objective of...
Naimat Ullah Khan1,2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Nisar Ahmad3, Ayesha Hassan1, Muhammad Kashif Prince1, Muhammad Luqman Sohail4,*, Mian Saeed Sarwar2, Hazrat Ali2, Tahir Usman2, Asadullah Khan2, Siffat Ullah Khan3 and Shahid Zaman5
...f the major gastrointestinal pathogens in young ruminants and has been associated with diarrhea. The current study was conducted in three selected districts (Bannu, Lakki Marwat and Kohat) of southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) to determine the prevalence and risk factors responsible for the occurrence of Cryptosporidium in lambs and has been known to cause human infection. Three hundred and sixty fecal samples (n=360) ...
Martín Grassi
...udying Aristotle’s natural philosophy, Thomas Aquinas’ theology, and Maturana and Varela’s biological theory of autopoiesis. Although self-sufficiency is quite revealing of what life is, I will argue that it does notdo justice to the relational essence of life, being my goal to open new perspectives on life by placing the prefix ...
David Beckwith Greene
...des of continuation. An analysis of modes of continuation in Haydn’s “The Creation” shows that the continuity within the humankind aria and between it and the preceding arias models what Nagel is seeking: Both a fresh grasp on the discontinuity between humankind and other moments of natural history and a new kind of continuity.
...
Jesse M. Smith
...of ethnographic content analysis consistent with the inductive logic of a constructionist grounded theory. Combing elements of rhetorical theory with a sociological view of religious movement and marketplace, I identify the major themes and evolving narrative of this American religion in relation to secular historical and cultural conditions. The data suggest the rhetorical strategies revealed in Mormon leaders’ discou...
Aitezaz Ahsan1*, Muhammad Usman1, Ihsan Ullah2, Aamer Bin Zahur3 and Adnan Rasheed Malik4
...div>Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is as a transboundary disease whose occurrence hampers the trade and consequently causes an enormous economic losses. It is a disease of sheep and goat, particularly in the regions of Africa, Middle East and Asia. Besides clinical signs and symptoms of PPR various diagnostic assays, both serological and molecular, have been developed and are applied for estimating the current status of the disease. This review article focus...
Mahmoud M. Al-Azzazy1,2 and Saleh S. Alhewairini1,*
...in the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program as an acaricide agent.
...
Zheng Quan Jiang1,2, Feng Shan Li3, Jiang Hong Ran1,*, Chen Hao Zhao1, Man Zhang1 and Hua Li4
...igh altitude areas of China, Bhutan, Pakistan, and India. Study on nest type and size is useful for understanding the life history, evolution and adaptation of birds. A survey was conducted on nest size and the underlying regulatory factors of Black-necked Cranes from 25 March to 31 July in 2013 and 2014 at Ruoergai Internationally Important Wetland and its surrounding area, covering 83 ne...
Yanxiao Meng1, Guihua Wang1, Dongmei Xiong1,*, Haixia Liu1, Xiaolin Liu1, Lixin Wang1 and Jianlu Zhang2
...Mountains of northern China. There is a debate on the validation of subspecies B. lenok tsinlingensis Li for a long time. Some ichthyologists thought that there should be two species (B. lenok and B. tumensis) in Amur River and a subspecies (B. lenok tsinlingensis) in the Qinling Mountains, while others believed no division of the subspecies. Thus, 169 specimens of Brachymystax spp. were collected from three locations ...
Filiz Kutluyer*
...i>Salmo coruhensis, Anatolian trout Salmo rizeensis and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Different activation media (NaCl, 0.3%; NaHCO3, 1%) were supplemented with L-tryptophan [Control (0), 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mM] for assessing sperm motility and its duration, fertility and hatching rate of eggs. The results from the present study indicated that addition of L-tryptophan increased the motility rate and duration in O. mykiss<...
Irfan Ullah, Shahid Ali*, Muhammad Fayaz and Abbas Ullah Jan
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,2,*, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza2, Muhammad Afzal2,Hafiz Salah-ud-Din2, Imtiaz Sarwar2, Muhammad Yahya2 and Khurram Shehzad3
...roductivity. As these fauna readily respond to biotic and abiotic perturbations in soil profiles, different land-use systems have different community assemblages of macroinvertebrates. This study was conducted to determine the impact of different land-use types viz. natural (grassland, forest/silviculture, barren) and agricultural (lemon, guava, lychee orchards, rice-wheat crop) lands on soil macroinvertebrate fau
Fatmagün Aydin1,* and Fatma Burcu Harmantepe2
...of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) oil on growth, haematological parameters were evaluated on tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). For this experiment, 360 fish (11.81± 0.02 g) were used. Fish were divided into four equal groups in three replicates and were fed with diets containing 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 % of sage oil for 30 days. The results showed that the haematological parameters (total red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit,...
Asmatullah1, Chaman Ara1,*, Shagufta Andleeb2, Maha Tahir1, Beenish Zahid1 and Madeeha Arshad1
...were given orally to pregnant mice on days 6-12 of gestation daily. Another series of mice were treated with different concentrations of cadmium chloride and also with an antidote (guava fruit extract) on days 6-18 of gestation daily once a day. Fetuses were recovered on day 18 of gestation, analyzed based on morphological, morphometric, histological and skeletal characteristics. Morphometric ana
Nazia Qamar1, Sher Khan Panhwar1,* and Ralf Riedel2,*
...015 for stomach content analysis. Analysis of prey composition was done using permutational analysis of variance (permanova), with species, life stage (juvenile and adults), gender, and weather (rainy and dry season) as factors. Patterns of empty stomachs were investigated to estimate feeding intensity. Feeding intensity was estimated with logistic regre...
Alaeldein M. Abudabos*, Abdullah N. Al-Owaimer, Elsayed O.S. Hussein and Mutahar H. Ali
...It can be concluded that natural vitamin C 100 has no a major impact on cumulative performance or plasma mineral status.
...
Xiaopeng Tang1,3, Rong Xiang1, Sijia Chen1,3, Shufen Yang1,3, Hu Liu1,3, Rejun Fang1,3,* and Aike Li2,*
...4) EHCSM group to determinate the Apparent metabolic energy (AME), True metabolic energy (TME) and AA digestibility. Results showed that: (1) CP content in FCSM and EHCSM increased 8.42% (P < 0.05) and 1.11% (P > 0.05), WSP content increased about 5.64 -fold (P < 0.05) and 6.39 -fold (P < 0.05), total AA content increased 8.95% and 8.95%, respectively; the peptide fractions (≤ 600 Da, 600-1800 Da and ≥1800 Da) in F...
Burcu Onuk1,*, Murat Kabak1, Bünyamin Sahin2 and Nazan Gezer İnce3
...>The rostral part of the nasal cavity is cooler to prevent the loss of water that is crucial for the fluid balance of birds. This function may be related to the structure of the nose of flying birds. For this reason, we decided to analyze the nasal structure of two different birds using volume and volume fraction approach of the stereology. In this study, 14 seagulls and 7 storks were exam...
Zhiping Hu, Hussain Ahmad, Jingfei Zhang, Lili Zhang and Tian Wang*
...nted with 10 or 50 mg/kg natamycin (T1 or T2 group) for 42d, respectively. The results showed that alkaline phosphatase in T2 group was significantly decreased at 21d, blood urea nitrogen and alanine aminotransferase were significantly increased compared to CON group at 42d in broilers. Serum globulin content (21d) and total protein content (42d) were lower in T2 group than that of CON group. Serum total antioxidant capacity was higher and malondialdehyde cont...
Abdul Nabi Jatt1,*, Sarfraz Ali Tunio1, Shaista Bano Memon1, Abdul Sattar Qureshi2 and Muhammad Aqeel Bhutto2
...se, cystine arylamidase, napthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, β-galactosidase, leucine arylamidase, and trypsin. While, esterase, esterase lipase, α-chymotrypsine, α-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, N-acetyl- β-glucosaminidase, α-mannosidase, and α-fucosidase were recorded as negative. Moreover, S. dysenteriae IM showed elevated alkaline-phosphatase, leucine arylamidase, trypsin, ...
Ali Murad Rahoo1,*, Tariq Mukhtar2, Ali Murad Jakhar3, Rehana Kanwal Rahoo3
...or) could be an alternative host. Therefore, in the present studies recovery of two EPN (Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora) from T. molitor cadavers was compared in relation to the dosage of infective juveniles (IJ) applied and exposure periods. Significantly (P< 0.001) greater numbers of nematodes (predominantly IJ) were recovered from the cadavers of T. molitor that ha...
Basit Zeshan1,2,*, Mushtaq A. Saleem2,Javed Iqbal Wattoo2, Mohd Mokhtar Arshad1 and Maizan Mohamed1
.... Truncated S1 gene designated as Sf200 (containing five antigenic sites located at 24–61, 291–398 and 497–543 amino acid residues of S1 glycoprotein) were amplified by overlap PCR, cloned into prokaryotic expression vector resulting pET-Sf200 and confirmed the construct by sequencing. The recombinant plasmid was identified by restriction enzyme and sequencing a
Saba Parveen Samo1, Moolchand Malhi1,*, Javed Gadahi2, Yan Lei3, Allah Bux Kaciwal1 and Saeed Ahmed Soomro1
...n increased gastrointestinal tract weight and nutrient digestibilities, and improved some carcass characteristics in goats.
...
Aqsa Gulzar1, Tariq Mahmud1,*, Rubina Munir2 and Asma Anjum3
...spectroscopic techniques namely FTIR, proton and carbon-13 NMR, Mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The results were in great consistency with the structures of the synthesized compounds and confirmed the formation of the targeted compounds. It was found that the compound 4a was potentially anti-inflammatory active while the compound 4b was found more active anti-cancerous agent as compared to 4a.
...
Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska1,*, Magdalena Skibicka1, Barbara Cioch-Szklarz1, Jolanta Karakulska2, Karol Fijałkowski2 and Sonia Hiller3
...aim of the study was to analyze calves rearing on the basis of selected parameters of growth in different housing systems with regard to the assessment of microbial flora taken from the nasal cavity of animals. The study was performed on 28 calves of Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White variety (PHF HO). The average weight of calves at the age of three months differed depending on the housing system. Individuals in igloo...
Hao Zhang,1,2,3,* Hai Tao Nie,3 Tie Wei Ma,3 Zi Yu Wang3 and Feng Wang3
...t requirements for maintenance and growth of F1Dorper × Hu ewe lambs. Thirty-five ewe lambs averaging 33.52±0.56 kg body weight (BW) were used. Seven ewe lambs were randomly chosen and slaughtered at 34.93 ± 0.37 kg BW as the baseline group for measuring initial body composition. Another seven lambs were also randomly chosen and offered a pelleted mixed diet (approximately concentrate : roughage = 60 : 40, DM basis) for ad libitu...
Ali Haider Saleem1,*, Khalid Javed2, Masroor Ellahi Babar3, Tanveer Hussain3, Asad Ali2, Afzal Ali2, Nisar Ahmad2, Muhammad Zahid Farooq1 and Muhammad Dawood2
...and sequenced. Sequence analysis revealed single nucleotide polymorphism (T>A at position 483) and a sheterozygous condition (T>W at position 483). Generalized linear model was used to minimize the environmental effects. The variation i.e. “W” type heterozygous condition showed a higher average daily weight gain. Sequence analysis of LEP gene confirmed the presence of genetic variability among Lohi a...
Grace C. Onyishi, Ifeanyi Oscar N. Aguzie, Christopher D. Nwani*, R.N.N. Obiezue and I.C. Okoye
...ent study explored the dynamics of malaria infection relative to Anopheles mosquito abundance, relative humidity and temperature in Nsukka, Nigeria. Hospital records from three hospitals in Nsukka town: Bishop Shanahan Hospital, University of Nigeria Medical Centre and Sadiq Hospital were examined for malaria prevalence and intensity from January to July 2015. Indoor biting Anopheles mosquitoes were collected b...
Wei Dang1, Ning Xu1, Wen Zhang1, Jing Gao2, Handong Fan1 and Hongliang Lu 1,*
...al adaptation. Here, we analyzed heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression in six lizard species to investigate the variation in Hsp70 response contributing to thermal adaptation. At first, we collected three lizard species of the genus Takydromus from different geographical locations. We found that either the constitutive expression pattern in different organs or the inducible expression pattern under higher ambient temperature were the same. The expres...
Muhammad Umair Sattar1, Aysha Sameen1,*, Nuzhat Huma1 and Muhammad Shahid2
... the composition, functionality and texture of cheese. The study was planned to investigate combined impact of fat mimetic (guar gum) and homogenization as fat reduction strategies on the quality of low fat Mozzarella cheeses (LFMCs). Guar gum was used at level of 0.15, 0.30 and 0.45% with and without cheese milk homogenization (2000 psi at 45°C) for LFMCs production. LFMCs produced were subjected to analysis for physico...
Hongwei Liang1,2,*, Miaomiao Tong1, Lihuan Cao1,2, Xiang Li3, Zhong Li1 and Guiwei Zou1,*
...d as food and as a medicinal tonic in several countries. The amino acid and fatty acid profiles of muscle and calipash of Huaihe River, Yellow River, and Japanese strains of Chinese soft-shelled turtles were analyzed and compared. Calipash had higher concentrations of flavor amino acids than muscle. Muscle tissue of the Huaihe River strain had the highest concentration of pharmacodynamic a...
Nasir Abbas1, Muhammad Suleman1, Nazir Ahmad Khan2,*, Ijaz Ali3, Mubashir Rauf1,5 and Sadeeq ur Rahman4,*
...covered from Mansehra. Finally, no significant difference (P<0.05) in PCR based positivity was found among all three types of bird population. Altogether, the observed high seropositivity and concomitant isolation of MG from CRD suspected birds investigated in the Northern region of Pakistan strongly suggest to initiate a comprehensive effective surveillance programme.
...
Grace Chinenye Onyishi, Ifeanyi Oscar Aguzie, Joseph O. Okoro, Christopher Didigwu Nwani*, Ngozi Ezenwaji, Ndubisi Stanley Oluah and Fabian C. Okafor
...div>The productivity of snails consumed in Nigeria is affected by parasites they harbour. Some of these parasites endanger humans as well. This study was conducted to determine the terrestrial snail species and associated helminth parasites in Ugwueme agricultural zone of Enugu State, Nigeria. The snails were collected from two communities. Light and teasing methods were used for recovery ...
Shireen Ihsan Izzaddeen1 and Ali Kaygısız2,*
...ve of this study was to analyze the effect of Laurus nobilis L. essential oil (600 mg/day) on performance and blood parameters of Holstein calves. The study was started with total of 24 calves, randomly categorized into two groups of 12 (6 males and 6 females) however, it was completed with 23 calves because of dying a female at the 8th week of the trial. Addition of Laurel essential oil into whole milk did not cause any significant change in...
Nilgün Paksoy1, Hikmet Dinç2 and Serap Kılıç Altun3,*
...Farms. The samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Minimum and maximum levels of Na, Mg, P, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn in donkey milk samples were 108.6-202.7, 48.6-76, 355-670, 565-1053, 279-637, 1.86-5.8, 0.052-0.277, 1.78-10.97 mg L-1; in goat milk samples were 201.7-1087, 81.7-138.8, 818-1132, 972-1802, 678-1323, 1.91-4.48, 0.052-0.576, 1.72-4.68 mg L-1; in sheep milk samples were 219-640.5, 119.7-238....
Amjad Ali1, Rajan Shrestha2, Ghaffar Ali1, Irfan Ullah1 and Salman Khan1
...ane yield and its determinants in study area. The results revealed that per acre net return after subtracting total cost from gross revenue was Rs. 33,173.65/-. Results illustrate that labor days, seed quantity, tractor hours, urea and pesticides have positive significant effect on sugarcane yield. Resource use efficiency analysis shows that marginal value product (MVP) to margi
Amjad Ali1, Rajan Shrestha2, Ghaffar Ali1, Irfan Ullah1 and Salman Khan1
...ane yield and its determinants in study area. The results revealed that per acre net return after subtracting total cost from gross revenue was Rs. 33,173.65/-. Results illustrate that labor days, seed quantity, tractor hours, urea and pesticides have positive significant effect on sugarcane yield. Resource use efficiency analysis shows that marginal value product (MVP) to margi
Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Abdul Malik2*, Muhammad Shahzad Khattak2, Naveedullah1, Naeem Ijaz3 and Ishaq Ahmad4
... resources for life sustenance in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. In recent past, its contamination due to lack of balance between its exploitation and recharge has posed a serious menace on its utilization for various purposes. Current study was conducted in District Karak during June to November, 2009 with the objectives to assess the changes in groundwater table depths due to w...
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khuram Sharjeel1, Raheel Babar2, Muhammad Junaid1, Qamar Iqbal3, Rabia Rasheed1 and Nosheen Fatima1
...se rate was 21.94%. The analysis showed that training and visit program and demonstration methods were dominant approaches used in technology transfer. The mean of the results showed that low allocation of budget, massive operational area to give satisfactory coverage, less use of multimedia, unavailability of training facilities to EFS, manifold duties ...
Abid Hussain1,*, Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad2, Muhammad Hussan Mushtaq2, Mamoona Chaudhry2, Muhammad Sarwar Khan2, Michael Reichel3, Tanveer Hussain4, Amjad Khan2, MuhammadNisar2 and Imtiaz Ahmad Khan5
...div>...
Sana Zahra
...age diversity and mutational specificity of a population. This study reports p.Y556C mutation as a recurring mutation in Punjabi population of Pakistan. A detailed genetic evaluation of four unrelated but ethnically similar families from Punjab province was performed.Linkage to SLC26A4 locus was confirmed through linkage analysis using Short Tandem Repeat Markers (D7S2420, D7S2459 and D7S2456). p.Y556C was identified ...
Chuanpeng Zhou1, Heizhao Lin2,*, Zhong Huang2, Jun Wang1, Yun Wang1 and Wei Yu2
.... The hepatic pyruvate kinase activity peaked 6 h after oral administration in both doses of glucose groups and thereafter started to decrease 24 h after oral administration. While the hepatic PEPCK and G6Pase activities decreased 9 h after oral administration in both doses of glucose groups and then returned to the level at 0 h (P<0.05). These results suggested that glucose oral administration resulted in prolonged hyperglycemia and high level of he...
Yan Li1, Kai Zhan1,*, Junying Li1, Wei Liu1, Ruiyu Ma1, Shengnan Liu1, Tao Han2, Shaoquan Li2, Shaolin Wang2 and Yang Hu2
...on has been made between natural mating (NM) and artificial insemination (AI) in fast feathering Huainan partridge chickens. A total number of 360 fast feathering Huainan partridge hens and 40 roosters were randomly divided into two equal groups. For NM, 4 mating cages were maintained each with 5 roosters and 45 laying hens. The other birds were reared i...
Lili Zhang, Yuanxiao Wang, Yili Kong, Hussain Ahmad, Rui Yan, Li Dong, Jingfei Zhang and Tian Wang*
...IUGR resulted in low postnatal growth rates, increased ratio of MyHC IIb to other isoforms, lower water-holding capacity and meat color of slaughtering pigs.
...
Sabah Mansoor1, Muhammad Tayyab1,*, Amna Jawad1, Bushra Munir2, Sehrish Firyal1, Ali Raza Awan1, Naeem Rashid3 and Muhammad Wasim1
...aracterization of recombinant α-amylase (AMYSBS) from Geobacillus SBS-4S. AMYSBS exhibited a highest identity of 99.78% with Geobacillus thermoleovorance GTA. E.coli BL21-CodonPlus (DE3) cells were used as host for expression studies of AMYSBS. Recombinant AMYSBS produced as inclusion bodies was transmitted to soluble active form by de
Kaori Sasaoka1, Takahiro Kataoka1, Norie Kanzaki1, Yusuke Kobashi1, Akihiro Sakoda2, Yuu Ishimori2 and Kiyonori Yamaoka1,*
...s against CDDP-induced renal injury in two mouse strains differing in radiosensitivity, and determined the appropriate dose of CDDP combined with radon inhalation for highly radiosensitive mice. CDDP was administered at 20 mg/kg weight to C57BL/6J and BALB/c mice after radon inhalation at 1000 Bq/m3 and 2000 Bq/m3 for 24 h. Radon inhalation had a slight positive effect against CDDP toxicity in C57BL/6J mice with respect to improved hair c...
Mubashar Hussain, Muhammad Faheem Malik, Sehreen Siddique, Muhammad Umar, Tamkeen Zainab, Fatima Zafar
...a, Jalalpur Jatan, Guliyana, Fateh Pur and Kunjah. Analysis of specimens indicated a representation of 14 species, 6 genera and 3 sub families across all sites. Maximum abundance was noticed for Coccinella septempunctata (19.63 %) followed by Coccinella undecimpunctata (14.70 %), Coccinella transversalis (11.14 %) and Coccinella sexmaculata (10.29 %). Greater diversity (H´: 2.481), do...
Humaira Jabeen and Nazia Jamil*
...red spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the extracted bio-plastic indicated the presence of the C=O functional group specific for the presence of polyhydroxyalkanoates, the absorbance peaks were specifically at 1600 cm-1. Ribo-typing of all the six strains were carried out, strains identified as Exiguobacterium indicum, Bacillus acidiceler, Acinetobacter seohaensis, Serratia proteamaculans, Trabulsiella guamensis <...
Fouzia Tabssum1* and Syed Shahid Ali2
.../div>...
Fouzia Tabssum1* and Syed Shahid Ali2
.../div>...
Ikramullah Khan1,2*, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2, Sohail Akhtar2, Ijaz Ali3 and Ghufran Ullah4
Muhammad Tariq Zahid1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2, Soumble Zulfiqar3, Khalid A. Al-Ghanim4 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori3,4*
...ered ciliate Tetrahymena farahensis. The ciliate showed optimum growth at 27±1°C and pH 7.0 to 7.5. The maximum resistance dose of copper for T. farahensis was found to be 8, 9 and 80 µg/ml in wheat grain medium, Bold-basal salt medium and modified Neff’s medium, respectively. T. farahensis exhibited significant copper storage ability removing 54.9 % copper from medium within 96 h of 30 µg/ml copper stress. The...
María Magdalena Crosby-Galván1, Bernardino Espinoza-Velasco1 and Mónica Ramirez-Mella2,*
...erma) residue in ruminal digestibility and gas production in an in vitro assay. Four treatments were evaluated: a control using a standard diet for ruminants elaborated with corn stover, corn grain and soybean meal, and three experimental diets with 10, 20 and 30% dry residue of chihua pumpkin instead of corn stover. Dry matter digestibility and gas production was determined at 24 h of incubation in rumi
Senol Celik1,*, Ecevit Eyduran2, Adile Tatliyer3, Koksal Karadas4, Mehmet Kazim Kara2 and Abdul Waheed5
...to 1 year in Daera Din Panah (DDP) goat. Based on coefficient of determination (R2), adjusted coefficient of determination (R2ADJUSTED) and root mean square error (RMSE) were used. Janosheck model was chosen as the most appropriate model for its highest R2 (0.999) and smallest RMSE (0.124). Growth related parameters (A, B, k, and d) of the Janosc...
Ahmad Farooq1, Usman Waheed2,3, Hasan Abbas Zaheer2,3, Abdul Rauf4, Abida Arshad5, and Muhammad Arshad1,*
...s. Although the professional blood donors are a great risk but major concern is related to screening techniques and different laboratories are practicing variable quality of screening blood screening. All diagnostic techniques must be regulated under a standard quality control and a nation wise validation study is highly recommended.
...
Tariq Mukhtar,1,* Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Usman Raja1 and Humayun Javed2
...ed gall nematode Anguina tritici (Steinbuch) in Sargodha division of the Punjab province of Pakistan. The overall incidence of ear cockle of wheat in the division was found to be 1.2% while the overall prevalence was 27%. As regards districts, the maximum incidence was recorded in district Bhakkar followed by Khushab. Similarly, the maximum prevalence was observed in district Bhakkar followed by Sargodha while it was the minimum in district Khushab. The...
Ehtisham Shakeel Khokhar*1, Amir Shakeel1, Muhammad Amir Maqbool1, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar2, Sumaira Zareen2, Syeda Sana Aamir4 and Muhammad Asadullah4
...g ability and heterosis analysis was done to identify the potential parents and best performing hybrids for seed cotton yield, yield contributing traits and fiber quality parameters. Six lines, viz., VH-259, IUB-222, CRS-456, AA-703, KZ-191, PB-39 and four testers PB-39, CIM-608, BH-163 and PB-900 were crossed in line × tester crossing fashion to develop 20 F1 hybrids. Analysis of variance displayed signific...
Zahida Parveen1, Safdar Sidra1*, Bushra Nisar Khan2
...e. At Unversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Ravi Campus, Pakistan, a total of eighteen peafowls are housed in different enclosures including Indian, Java green and white peafowls. Additionally, there are different cross breeds of Java and Indian peafowls in these houses. The present study was conducted to observe the diet preferences and general behavior of these peafowls under captive conditions. Three differe...
Partial Characterization of α-amylase Produced from Aspergillus niger using Potato Peel as Substrate
Shahzad Mahmood1, Memuna Ghafoor Shahid1, Muhammad Irfan2, Muhammad Nadeem3*, Quratulain Syed3
Muhammad Zahid Latif1*, Rahila Nizami2, Intzar Hussain3
...of individuals with no financial gain in full awareness and appreciation (1). It is an international phenomenon in which the individuals provide their time and services free of cost to an organization for the benefit of others (2). It is vital for the sustainability and smooth functioning ...
Ambreen Asghar, Tasleem Akhtar, Nadeem Sheikh*
...low fat-fed rats. Additionally, a decreased level of serum proteins was observed in the serum compared to control rats. Taken together, our findings conclude that diets rich in fats result in dysfunction of immune system and iron metabolism.
...
Shagufta Andleeb*1, Shabana Shaukat1, Chaman Ara2
...of present study was to analyze various developmental abnormalities by a sub-lethal dose of cadmium chloride and protective role of garlic (Allium sativum), to minimize the intensity of these toxicities. For this purpose, fertilized eggs of Gallus domesticus were randomly divided into four groups of forty eggs each. Control group was intact and untreated. Eggs of one group were injected with a sub-lethal dose of cadmium chloride (1.5 µg/egg...
Muhammad Suleman Bacha1*, Mohammad Nafees1 and Syed Adnan2
...sions. Total 177 questionnaires administered to sample households and 9 FGDs (Focus Group Discussions) in selected villages with the aim to understand local perceptions about changing climate, its vulnerabilities and farmers adaptive measures toward climate change in district Swat of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Additionally, vulnerability matrix was used to identify livelihood resources that are vulnerable to climate chan...
Riyadh S. Aljumaah*, Mohammed A. Alshaikh, Abdulrahman Jarelnabi, Mutassim M. Abdelrahman and Mansour F. Hussein
...es. Logistic regression analysis and estimation of odds ratio revealed significant association of the sex and location of the camels with N. caninum seropositivity. On the other hand, neither the breed nor age of the camels was significantly associated with seropositivity.Studies are needed to evaluate other potential risk factors and to assess the pathogenic effects and economic consequences of neosporosis in camels.
...
Nadia Mubarik1, Aqib Iqbal1*, Iqbal Munir1 and Muhammad Arif2
...h program that could be inappropriately activated during drought, was also delayed in the supplemented seedlings as highlighted by a high RWC and expression of the Lhcb2 gene. ...
Naimat Ullah1,3,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Avais1, Nisar Ahmad2, Sana Ullah3, Muhammad Shuaib Khan3, Khalid Mehmood5, Mumtaz Ali Khan1 and Ikramul Haq1
...ficant. Biochemical examination revealed a significant increase in Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, serum creatinine, urea whereas decrease in glucose level in diseased animals. The current study concluded that paying close attention to animal feeding, housing and keeping may reduce the occurrence of theileriosis in sheep.
...
Song Jiang1,2, Fa-lin Zhou3, Jian-hua Huang1, Qi-bin Yang1, Li-shi Yang1 and Shi-gui Jiang1,*
...k ablation on feeding, gonad development, and energy conversion of Penaeus monodon broodstock. An experiment of 30 days was carried out on broodstock (average body length 28.4 ± 0.95 cm, average body weight 96.7±6.48 g) with (treatment) or without eyestalk ablation (control), cultivated under a water temperature of 27.0±1.5 °C, salinity of 30–32, pH of 8.0–8.3, and light intensity ...
Muhammad Arshad,1* Sajjad Ahmad1, Muhammad Sufyan1, Zain-ul Abdin1 and Sumaira Maqsood2
Farhan Ahmad1,*, Muhammad Waris Sanjrani1, Shah Nawaz Khuhro1, Asif Sajjad2, Abid Ali3, Rashad Rasool Khan3, Farooq Ahmed3 and Junhe Liu4,*
Jun-Ying Liu, He-He Liu*, Jie Kou, Yang-Mei Zhao, Ji-Wen Wang, Liang Li and Xiao-Hui Du
...urthermore, correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between the mRNA expression of TLR4 and concentrations of TNF-α and IL-12. These results revealed that although there were no significant effects of LPS injection on TLR4 mRNA expression in lymphoid organs, the response to LPS may not m...
Sherin Reda Rouby
...ses are transboundary in nature and are regularly spread into neighboring, non-endemic regions with significant economic implication. Capripoxvirus isolates are extremely conserved with genome identities of at least 96% between SPPV, GTPV and LSDV. The LSDV is similar in antigenicity and in cultural characteristics to SPPV. The current study was delineated to identify capripoxviruses from different clinical samples and differentiate capripoxviruses withou...
Abdul Majid Ujjal2, Sharmin Akter1* and Suman Paul1
...ia (HS) at Upazila veterinary hospitals of Jaintapur, Gowainghat and Kanaighat upazilas of Sylhet district. From October, 2015 to September, 2017 a total of 1057 cases of buffalo diseases were recorded in the hospital record books. Among all diseases, the overall hospital prevalence of Helminthiasis in buffalo was highest (22.32%) followed by FMD (20.71%; 95% CI: 18.38%-23.27%) and HS (10.78%; 95% CI: 9.06%-12.80%). Prevalen...
Hamza Khan1, Safdar Ali1, Ijaz Ahmad*2, Ihsanullah Khan3, Shujaat Hussain1, Bashir Ahmad Khan4 and Muhammad Suhaib5
... is a huge burden on our national economy. The situation thus requires for enhancing the indigenous oilseed production through different possible approaches. Development and promotion of local sunflower hybrids can be one of the options. Local sunflower hybrids with higher yield and wider adoptability can make Pakistan self sufficient in edible oil. Therefore a study was carried out at Nationa...
Ligia Neves Scuarcialupi, Laila Andreia Rodrigues Beserra, Julia Rosas Hochheim, Rodrigo Martins Soares, Fabio Gregori*
...ms. A total of 97 intestinal contents was collected between 2008 and 2015 from 10 Brazilian states, and submitted to two different RT-PCR, targeting a fragment of viral VP6-coding nucleotide sequence of each viral group. Amplicons were further submitted to genetic sequencing and analyzed by phylogenetic analysis. There were 5 RVF positive samples (5.15%) in 2 broilers, 1 laying hen and 2 b...
Evolutionary Analysis and Phylodynamics of Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 between 2015 and 2016 in Egypt
Osama Elshazly1, AbdelSatar Arafa1, Mohammed A. Rohaim2, Ismaeil M. Reda2 and Hussein A. Hussein2*
... to their rapid evolving nature and the dynamic range of susceptible hosts. Zoonotic highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 of clade 2.2.1 has recently diversified into two distinct genetic subclades (2.2.1.1 and 2.2.1.2) in Egypt. This study was conducted as part of routine surveillance activities in Egypt; 5202 cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs were collected from live/dead birds, including commercial and backy...
Lotta Wahldén1, 3, Ulf Emanuelson1, Torsten Møller2 and Jonas Johansson Wensman1*
...mune response after vaccination have been performed. The objective of this study was to gain more knowledge about immune response following vaccination of the African wild dog, in order to improve husbandry in zoos and help wildlife conservation. In total, 146 serum samples from 47 individuals were analyzed. Serum neutralization test was used to determine presence of CDV antibodies, a...
Muhammad Suhaib1, Ijaz Ahmad2*, Masooma Munir3, Muhammad Bilal Iqbal4 , Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar5 and Safdar Ali6
...y;">Soil salinity is a menace that is affecting the agricultural soils and turning these soils into low productive ones and interfere the normal crop development. Wheat is an important cereal crop and salinity is also affecting the growth and yield of this crop. While salicylic acid is found to play a helpful role in supporting the plant growth and development under salt stress. Keeping in view these factors a hydroponic experiment was conducted on wheat with ...
Shagufta Andleeb*1, Fariha Zahid1, Noor-ul-Ain1, Yousra Nisar1, Chaman Ara2
...icromelia, amelia, micrognathia, agnathia, cataract, ectopiacordis, omphalocoel, axis distortion, anencephaly, anophthalmia, microphthalmia, phocomelia with reduced body weight and crown- rump length in all dose groups were obtained. Adverse histological changes appeared in the form of disrupted and malformed visceral organs, vertebral bone and spina bifida as compared to control. The find...
Waqas Ali1,*, Arshad Javid1, Syed Mohsin Bhukhari1, Ali Hussain1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2, Hira Rafique1
...ies.
...
Muhammad Umar1, Mubashar Hussain1,*, Ghulam Murtaza1, Farid Asif Shaheen2 , Fatima Zafar1
...an), Agrochemical Contamination (Black-tailed godwit and Fish bird) Heavy Metal Pollution Contamination (Cattle egrets), Unsustainable Fisheries Practices (Ducks), invasive species (Little egret and Night herone) and illegal hunting (Geese, Ducks, Siberian cranes and Bustards) have resulted in the decline of species abundance.. Regular conduct of surveys for important migratory birds to as...
Azhar Mehmood1,2,*, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem2, Muhammad Tahir2, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar3, Tasawer Abbas4, Ali Zohaib2, Hafiz Tassawar Abbas5
...oron was applied in combination with 150 kg ha-1 of nitrogen of both hybrids (H1=Hysun-33 and H2=DK-4040). The combined application of nitrogen (N1) (150 kg ha-1) and boron B1 (2 kg ha-1) also resulted in maximum net income (88518 Rs.) and benefit cost ratio (1.25) for Hysun-33.
...
...
Muhammad Iftikharul Husnain1, Aneel Salman1, Inayatullah Jan2*, Tahir Mahmood3
...rrying out an empirical analysis on the temperature-agriculture nexus to obtain reliable estimates of the regression coefficients. Policymakers should pay more attention to combat negative impacts of rising temperature. This will have an impact on the agriculture and hence on the livelihood of the mass population residing in South Asian countries. ...
Archana Naithani, Pongthep Suwanwaree* and Bartosz Nadolski
...017 in the campus of Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima province, resulted in the identification of 94 bird species belonging to 12 orders and 35 families. Altogether 3,328 individuals were observed. Out of 35 Families, Sturnidae and Sylviidae hadthe highest number of species (5 species each).Six simple dietary guilds were observed during the present study; the maximum number of species belonged to insectivore group and minimum to nectarivor...
Mousa O. Germoush1,*, Mohsen G. Al-Mutary2, Ahmad R. Al-himaidi3, Muath G. Al-Ghadi3, Daisaku Iwamoto3,4, Yousef Al-anazi3, Aiman Ammari3, Javed Ahmad3,5, Abdulaziz Al-Khedhairy3,5
...groups. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant increase in BAX expression in groups supplemented with SFF 20% and 40%, whereas the expression of BCL-2 was significantly increased only in the 40% SFF supplemented group. The ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 was significantly increased in the embryos derived from oocytes matured in 20% and 40% SFF supplemented media. HSPB1 expression was significantly increased in group matured in 20% SFF. The relative expression o...
Pei-Ying Peng1,2, Xian-Guo Guo1,2,* and Dao-Chao Jin2
...ller, 1900 in Jingha, Yunnan province of southwest China. The sternal shield of L. jinghaensissp. nov. is deeply concave anteriorly with serrate internal sides. There are many distinct transverse lines in the presternal area where the sternal shield is deeply concave. By these...
Nanjing Zeng1, Guanhua Liu1, Sibiao Wen1 and Feiyun Tu2,*
...n Asia. Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve (PLNNR) is a hot spot for birds inhabiting or overwintering at Poyang Lake. Hitherto, limited checklist of bird species has been available. In order to investigate the bird diversity and avifauna of PLNNR, complete species checklist was strictly checked according to systematic analyses of species records from multisource. Fifty-seven species were...
Huma Ayub1,Iftikhar Ahmad2, Syed Lal Shah3,*, Muhammad Zafarullah Bhatti4, Nuzhat Shafi5 and Mazhar Qayyum1
... to investigate the seasonal and spatial distribution of zooplankton species at Chashma Lake during June 2014 to May 2015. The samples were collected from three partially separated stations of the Chashma Lake on a monthly basis. A total 42 species of zooplankton were identified from the Chashma Lake belonging to three taxa viz.; copepoda, rotifera and cladocera. The diversity of the zooplankton species in the lake was determined by richness and evennes...
Jehangir Khan1,*, Rasheedullah1, Bakht Tarin Khan2, Ayaz Ahmad3, Muhammad Salman4 and Khalid Khan5
..., is the reuse of contaminated syringes (42%) at maternity homes respectively. These alarming results call for initiation of an emergency based awareness campaign about HCV among the public of district Shangla to prevent the impending epidemics of HCV. Additionally, for proper and actual results, the ELISA and RT-PCR techniques are suggested to be recommended instead of ICT for screening the blood against HCV. This work will...
Hamayun Khan1,*, Abdul Wahab1, Navaid Kazi2, Younas Muhammad1,Summaya Kazi3, Salman Kazi4, Azmatullah Khan1, Ikramullah Khan5 and Shakoor Ahmad1
... stage of successful pregnancy. Experiments were executed on 15 pregnant rabbits at three different time point of successful pregnancy i.e. day 18, day 25 and day 28 with commercially accessible kits for biochemical markers that includes glucose, total protein, albumin, creatinine, triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine transaminase (AL...
Najeeb Ullah1, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1, Niamat Ullah Khan2*, Muhammad Safdar Baloch1 and Ejaz Ahmad Khan1
...our irrigation intervals namely I1 (10 days interval), I2 (15 days interval), I3 (20 days interval) and I4 (25 days interval) were allotted to main plots while cotton genotypes (CIM-602 and CIM-616) were assigned to subplots having 10 m×3 m. Results revealed that cotton crop irrigated at 20 days interval showed greater bolls per plant; weight per boll; seed cotton yield and ginning out-turn (GOT %). The results further showed that the genotype CIM-602 ga...
Nihal Ahmad Hadi, Shahid Ali* and Umer Wahid
...r output by using best management practices with available farm resources and technology. Results further revealed that day old checks, feed intake and labor have positive and significant effect on broiler output. Technical inefficiency results showed that estimated coefficients of age of broiler farmers, education and experience were negative and statistically significant. This means that with the increase in age of broiler farmers, education and experience, ...
Shahid Ali1* and Salamat Ali2
...rs also need to buy vaccinated day old chicks from standard hatcheries for fostering boiler productivity and net revenue. Moreover, use of high quality feed for highest possible output is a good option for open shed farmers.
...
...
Liumeng Zheng1, Yanmei Wang1, Jiagui Zhu2, Ke Wang2, Dejing Cai2, Yuanzhao Qin3, Yuming Guo3, Hongxing Niu1,* and Yanzhen Bu1,*
...emented in Dongzhai National Nature Reserve, Henan Province, and 78 crested ibises were released between 2013 and 2015, with the aim of establishing a self-sustaining wild population outside the Qinling Mountains, where crested ibis was first reintroduced. The aim of this study was to detect suitable habitat areas, and evaluate the factors affecting the distribution of the crested ibis. We used a maximum entropy model with s...
Kashifa Naghma Waheed1,2,*, Zaid Mehmood2 and Sikender Hayat1
...nts were quantitatively analyzed in sugar press mud by ICP-OES following protocols of AOAC from five randomly selected sugar mills situated in South Punjab, Pakistan. It was observed that the samples contained potential amounts of essential elements, while the toxic elements were present in low quantities. The results were statistically analyzed and compared for their significance and showed significantly higher quantities o...
Nadia Faqir1, Aish Muhammad2*, Ghulam Muhammad Ali2, Armghan Shehzad2, Hafeez Ur Rahman3, Farhatullah4 and Muhammad Zeeshan Hyder5
...date fruit and sequence analysis of two genes (maturase k and geranyl geranyl biphosphate reductase) from chloroplast region. Analysis of variance has revealed significant variation among the studied date palm samples pertaining to the studied physical traits and chemical composition of fruit. Sequences of the maturase k gene has complete identity to the reference genome of ‘Khalas’ cultivar. While geranyl gerany...
Murad Khan1* and Muhammad Afzal2
... of the research was to analyze the profitability of different farm sizes of broiler poultryin district Dir Lower. Four tehsils, namely Adinzai, Balambat, Timergara and Sumerbagh were purposively selected during the year 2015. From these tehsils, 92 poultry farms were selected proportionately from total 460 poultry farms and data were collected on structured question<...
Leila A. Kaimbayeva1,*, Elena S. Malysheva2, Rashit Kazikhanov3 and Saule R. Kazikhanova4
...The results of chemical analysis revealed the nature of protein substances, altered рН value of the meat and the intensity of glycolysis. All these parameters were indicative of autolysis process in the meat. The levels of water-binding capacity and structural-mechanical properties of red deer meat that occurred during the course of autolysis were further confirmed by the histological changes in the meat. Specifi...
Amna Kausar1,2, Sana Anwar1, Naila Siddique2, Safia Ahmed1 and Javid Iqbal Dasti1,*
... and AIV H5) in non-vaccinated wild and domesticated bird species across Pakistan. During January-December 2013, in total 700 samples were collected from different species of non-vaccinated birds inhabiting diverse ecological zones of Pakistan. Altogether, 507 tissue and swab samples were screened for the presence of viral RNA by reverse transcriptase po...
Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1,*, Waseem Akram2, Sumi Lee3, Shakir Manzoor1, Syed Rajab Ayub1, Khalil Ur Rehman1, Shinawar Waseem Ali1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha1 and Sumaira Maqsood1
...t designing resistance management strategy for stored insect pests. The baseline data regarding spinosad susceptibility determined here for these stored insect pests will therefore help to monitor resistance in the future.
...
Mohammad Javad Golmohammadi1, Hamid Reza Mohammaddoust Chamanabad1*, Bijan Yaghoubi2 and Mostafa Oveisi3
...ant part of the proper management of weeds in the paddy fields is rice postharvest weed management until land preparation for re-cultivation. In order to determine the frequency and relative cover (RC), the samples were collected from 481 fields during the growing season and 255 fields after harvesting rice in Guilan province (Iran) from 2014 to 2016 (from April to March of each year) based on the method of Thomas by throwin...
Muhammad Waqar Yasin*, Mobushir Riaz Khan and Muhammad Amin
...garcane (Saccharum officinarum) and gram (Cicer arietinum). Firstly, changes in mean temperature and rainfall from 1951 to 2015 were assessed at district level. Secondly, the changes in crop performance were computed through remote sensing and crop reporting data obtained from the agriculture department, Government of Punjab, Pakistan. Lastly, changes in crop performance (what does performance mean here!!) were compared with changes in studied climate variable...
Mahwish Rehman1*, Sajjad Ahmad1, Maqsood Shah1 and Inamullah Khan2
...loped byDe-Guzman and Fernandez and Coineau, (2007), i.e. body size (length and width), location of seta, shape, size (i.e. bristle hair, stiff) on dorsal shield, chaetotaxy and structure of the sternal, , metapodal, anal, and epigynal shields, periterme, morphology of setae on the legs and palps and its arrangement and number were observed. Results of t...
Urooba Pervaiz1, Abdus Salam1, Dawood Jan2, Ayesha Khan1 and Mahmood Iqbal1
...er Pukhtunkhawa (KP) to analyze constrains in the adoption of improved technologies regarding tomato cultivation in March-April 2016. Two union councils Fatima and Babeni from tehsil Mardan were selected purposively based on tomato cultivation. Two villages were randomly selected from each union council. All tomato growers given training by the extension department were selected for interview, thus 104 respondents were interviewed for the study through well-st...
Shuai Shang1,2, Honghai Zhang2,*, Xiaoyang Wu2, Qinguo Wei2, Jun Chen1, Huanxin Zhang1, Huaming Zhong2 and Xuexi Tang1,*
...nes from fourteen additional species based on their genome sequences and our previous study, including thirteen carnivorous species and one omnivorous species. Then, we constructed a phylogenetic tree using Tas2r genes sequences from these fifteen species. Phylogenetic analyses showed that most Tas2r genes of raccoon dogs were closed to other canid-species, indicating that the Tas2r genes were very conse...
Hexaprotodon (Mammalia: Hippopotamidae) from the Pinjor Formation of Bhimber, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
Muhammad Akbar Khan
...alik Plio-Pleistocene faunas are characterized by the sporadic presence of a hippopotamid taxon, referred to the genus Hexaprotodon and the species Hex. sivalensis. Due to rarity of this taxon, its morphological characters are incompletely known. Hippopotamid material recently excavated in the middle Pleistocene locality of Bhimber (Azad Kashmir, Pakistan) includes an almost complete mandible that provides a better knowledge of the taxon morpholo...
Abdur Rehman1*, Wang Jian2, Noor Khan3 and Raheel Saqib3
...t risk. The market risk analysis of major crops such as coarse grain rice, wheat, corn, cotton and soybean are determined using the VaR (Value at Risk) model. The practical consequences indicated that the normal distribution model is not appropriate used in evaluating the major crops market risk due to various degrees of market risk in various crops such as the cotton and soybean crops with higher levels of market risk, while the coarse grain rice with the med...
Zakirullah Jan1, Shamsher Ali1*, Tariq Sultan2, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Zahir Shah1 and Farmanullah Khan1
...osystems, difficult to manage. In early stages, the salinity affects the germination and emergence of the young seedlings and then the growth and yield of various crops and ultimately disturbing the socioeconomics of the farming community. Among the microbes, cyanobacteria are known as photoautotrophic, blue green algae which is not a truly eukaryotic algae and grown in different and such complex habitats freely and symbioti...
Imran Khan1, Zahir Shah2, Wiqar Ahmad3*, Farmanullah Khan2 and Muhammad Sharif2
Gulsanga1, Zahin Anjum1, Sahib Alam2* and Farhat Shehzad1
Habib-ur-Rehman1, Masood Ahmed Siddiqui1,*, Abdul Qayyum1, Arifa Bano1 and Naeem Rashid2
.../div>...
Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar1,*, Hummaira Iqbal1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2, Haseena Ghulam Muhammad1 and Muhammad Irfan1
...showed the type I functional response. It is concluded that both studied insecticides are not suitable for IPM program in the study area.
...
Ghulam Muhae-ud-Din1,4, Anam Moosa1, Umer Farooq Ghummen1, Muhammad Jabran1, Amjad Abbas1, Muhammad Naveed2, Abdul Jabbar1 and Muhammad Amjad Ali1,3,*
...s. It also infects the ornamental plants resulting in a serious growth-limiting factor in ornamentals. In this study, the response of ten ornamental plants to M. incognita was assessed in pot experiments. All the ornamental plant species showed varying degree of infection of M. incognita. Rhapis excels and Ophiopogan japonicas
Mehran Ali, Inamullah*, Sajjad Ahmad and Arsalan Khan
...ugh could be better alternative urea to improve maize productivity and soil fertility on sustainable basis ...
Baharullah Khattak1*, Saifullah2, Shaukat Hussain2, Musharraf Ahmad2, Asad Ali2, Mohammad Junaid2, Ijaz Ahmad Khan3, Taj Ali Khan1 and Mubbashir Hussain1
... control agent for the management of important plant pathogens including root knot nematodes (RKN). In the present studies, 15 isolates of Trichoderma harzianum were collected from different the root knot nematodes-infested tomato field of Malakand and Swat, Pakistan. These isolates were tested for their nematocidal effects against Meloidogyne javanica. Anti-J2 antagonistic test divided the isolates into 5 antagonistic groups or AGs. AG1 was observed as the mo...
Madeeha Alamzeb1, Shazma Anwar1, Asif Iqbal1,2*, Song Meizhen2, Mazhar Iqbal3, Sara4, Muhammad Ramzan2 and Afza Tabassum1
...illage systems (conventional and deep tillage). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement, having three replications. Tillage systems and organic sources were used as main plot factor, nitrogen levels as subplot factor. The results revealed that organic sources, nitrogen levels and tillage system significantly affected dry matter partitioning of wheat. Application of poultry manure improved dry matter partition...
Safdar Ali1*, Obaidullah Shafique1, Tariq Mahmood2, Muhammad Amir Hanif1, Ijaz Ahmed3 and Bashir Ahmad Khan4
...ustry aims for the sustainability and the protection of agricultural products, including crops for human and livestock. Nanotechnology helps in the manufacturing of innovative agrochemicals and novel delivery mechanisms to enhance crop production and decrease in pesticide use. Nanotechnology also contributes in increasing the crop yield in agriculture. One of the major contribution of nanotechnology in the field of agricultu...
Qasim Iqbal1, Safdar Ali1*, Muhammad Naveed Tahir1, Obaidullah Shafique1, Bashir Ahmed Khan2, Ijaz Ahmad3 and Ihsanullah Khan4
...nt was conducted at National Agriculture Research Center (NARC) Islamabad, Pakistan, during August to December, 2016, to evaluate different exotic sunflower hybrids for their performance and adaptability in the field area of NARC. Twelve sunflower hybrids including one check i.e. SF-16013, SF-16007, SF-16010, SF-16005,...
Arshad Mahmood Malik1, Khalid Mahmood Mughal2, Sarfraz Ahmed Mian2 and Atta Ullah Khan2
...ising population and stagnancy both in yield of vegetables and cultivated area of the country, are negatively affecting food supply in Pakistan. Supply of hydroponics products provides solution to the problem of decade old stagnancy in yield of the vegetables especially tomato to cater the increasing demand due to gigantic population increase. This study has been designed to analyze the hy...
Saleem Ashraf1*, Ashiq Hussain Sangi1Zakaria Yousaf Hassan3 and Muhammad Luqman2
...s study was an overtime analysis of secondary data to calculate compound growth and forecast area, production and average yield in the Punjab Pakistan For this purpose, data collected from government reports for the period of 1990-2017 was criticaly examined. Empirical results indicated that area under cultivation showed negative compound growth rate while production and average yield showed positive compound growth in Pakistan. While, in Punjab, compound grow...
Yakup Erdal Erturk1, Adem Aksoy2 and Mohammad Masood Tariq3,*
...ence average fattening final live weight (AFFLW) per enterprise for crossbred cattle reared in beef cattle enterprises in North East Anatolia region (comprising Erzurum, Igdir, Kars and Agri provinces) of Turkey. For this goal, Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS), a-non parametric regression technique, was used to develop a respectable prediction equation that can denote interaction effects of influential predict...
Muhammad Shahbaz Aslam1, Iram Gull1, Zaigham Abbas2,* and Muhammad Amin Athar1
...target cells. The recombinant expression of some proteins in E. coli produces inclusion bodies which are misfolded proteins. The objective of this study was soluble expression of IFNα2-Tα1fusion protein in E. coli using pET-SUMO vector and determination of its biological activity. SUMO-IFNα2-Tα1 was successfully expressed in soluble form with IPTG induction to fi...
Pasqua Rotondi1, Maria Antonietta Colonna1, Giuseppe Marsico1, Francesco Giannico1, Marco Ragni1 and Anna Maria Facciolongo2,*
...oregano and linseed was analysed for physical and sensory properties, chemical and fatty acid composition of intramuscular lipids. Twenty-one three-week-old kids were divided into three homogeneous groups (n = 7), according to age and body weight, and assigned to one of the following feeding treatments: C) control: commercial pelleted feed; L) pelleted feed containing 3% extruded linseed; LO) pelleted feed containing 3% extruded linseed and 0.6% dried oregano ...
Ayesha Munir, Hafiz Muhammad Umer, Anjum Nasim Sabri and Imran Sajid*
...ng S. mutans. The natural extracts of Streptomyces strains significantly inhibited and delayed the biofilm formation by S. mutans and a profound effect was observed in case of the extracts of Streptomyces strains HU-09 and HU-10, which delayed biofilm maturation and even decreased biofilm formation with the passage of time. The micro well cytotoxicity assay against Artemia salina showed the...
Hongqun Li1, Xiaoli Liu2,*, Zhenmin Lian3,RenheWang4, Yongbin Wang4, Yongyao Fu1 andDingyi Wang5
...ty, Shaanxi Province, China, from 2006 to 2014 except for 2008. Forty (62.5%) of the 64 nests that we monitored were successful. Successful nest sites had greater tree cover, increased cover and density of shrubs, and more low-lying shrub cover (1.0 m in height) than unsuccessful nest-sites. Forward elimination stepwise logistic regression was worked out with the above significantly different variables and their first-order ...
Niamatullah Kakar, Farhat Abbas, Muhammad Shafee and Tauseef Asmat*
...tan. In this cross-sectional study, 186 sputum samples were collected randomly from jail inmates. Sputum was processed for smear microscopy and culture inoculation for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Moreover, the suspected samples were further investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Three samples were found positive by PCR test while other detection methods were not that sensitive to detect the tuberculosis at tha...
Muhammad Mohsin Ahsan1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2,*, Khizar Samiullah3
...div>...
Huma Naz1,*, Sajid Abdullah2, Sidra Naz3, Sidra Abbas2, Wardah Hassan2, Shakeela Perveen2, Moazama Batool1, Laiba Shafique2
...e for the fish, Cirrhina mrigala was determined in this research work. The fish were exposed to each of the 19 different concentrations (5-90 mg/L) of Fe+Zn+Pb+Ni mixture to determine 96 h LC50 and lethal concentration. During acute toxicity test, behavioral changes and catalase activity in liver, kidney, gills, brain and muscle of the fish were also studied. The mean 96 h LC50 and lethal value for C. mrigala was determined ...
Farah Rauf Shakoori1,*, Anum Feroz1, Ayesha Gondal1,Sahar Akram2 and Tanzeela Riaz3
...t pest, Trogoderma granarium. The LC50 values of λ-cyhalothrin for 4th and 6th instar larvae of Lahore population was 15.93 and 13.76ppm respectively, while 19.07 and 16.21ppm were for the 4th and 6th instar larvae of Gujranwala population, respectively. The resistance ratio RR (0.67 and 1.17) for 4th and 6th instar larvae, respectively, indicated very little or no toler...
Ambrina Hafiz1, Tanzeela Riaz2 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1,*
...ions of Trogoderma granarium collected from some godowns of Punjab. The level of various esterases like total esterases, cholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase, arylesterase and carboxylesterase in 4th, 6th instar larvae and adult beetles of deltamethrin-resistant populations’ viz., Gujranwala, Okara and D.G. Khan was significantly increased as compared to susceptible population of T. gra<...
Muhammad Adeeb Babar1,*, Sayyad Ghyour Abbas1, Muhammad Akbar Khan1, Kiran Aftab2, Muhammad Hanif1, Muhammad Asim1 and Muhammad Akhtar1
...ree districts of Punjab, namely Kaulial Kas in Attock district, Dhok Pathan in Chakwal district, and Hasnot and Padhri in Jhelum district, Punjab, Pakistan. The outcrops date to Dhok Pathan formation (Late Miocene – Early Pliocene). The identified cervid species include Rucervus cf. simplicidens, Cervus cf. triplidens and Cervus cf. sivalensis. These specimens provide additional infor...
Baoying Guo*1, Yu Chen1, Chuan Zhang2, Zhenming Lv1, Kaida Xu3, Hongling Ping4 and Huilai Shi4
...rol regions contain termination-associated sequences and conserved sequence blocks. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods were used to build phylogenetic trees based on protein coding mtDNA genes of 37 cuttlefish species. S. lycidas have a close relationship with S. pharaonis, S. aculeata, and S. esculenta. This result confirmed the relationships of S. lyci...
Ashraf Sayed Awaad1 and Mohamed Zaki Fathy2*
...n in goats based on the anatomy of the lumbosacropelvic region and confirmed by computed tomography (CT) as well as successful application of the needle within the epidural space guided by ultrasonography (US). This study was conducted on seven lumbosacropelvic regions of goat cadavers and five live goats of both sexes ranged between 25-30 kg body weight. Longitudinal and cross anatomical ...
Saima Rani*, Hassnian Shah, Nusrat Habib and Muhammad Azeem Khan
...gn: justify;">The paper analyses the factor that Influence the willingness to pay a high price for organic vegetables by using consumer preferences data by primary sources from Islamabad in Pakistan. The determinants of willingness to pay of consumers estimated by using the probit model. The model contains the information of socioeconomic characteristics, awareness and preferences of organic vegetables and product attrib...
Ghufran ul Haq1*, Muhammad Arif2, Asad Ali2 and Mian Inayatullah3
...ul in detecting TYLCV in naturally and whiteflies inoculated tomato plants. Transmission properties of the virus were determined by inoculation of tomato plants of susceptible cultivar, Roma-VF, by whiteflies, determining the minimum time required for acquisition and inoculation of the virus, latency period and the persistence capacity. The highest incidence of 9.47 percent of TYLCV was recorded in Mohmand Agency, followed by Malakand Agency with 8.2 percent, ...
Muhammad Adnan Khan1*, Majid Suhail Hashmi1, Ali Muhammad1, Muhammad Muneeb1, Haris Bilal1 and Gul Wali2
...was prepared by the combination of pulp: sugar: water, with 3: 4: 1 ratio respectively. All samples were tested for total soluble solids (TSS), pH, titratable acidity, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, ascorbic acid and sensory properties as flavor, color and overall acceptability. Samples were stored for three months and readings were recorded at every 15 days interval. During storage intervals, TSS increased from 48.0 to 51.31°Brix, pH increased 3.82 t...
Nashwa Mohamed Eid1, Al-Hussien Mohamed Dahshan1, El-Shayma El-Nahass2, Basma Shalaby3 and Ahmed Ali1*
...nd alleviation of intestinal damage caused by infection. In conclusion, the EOs are effective feed additives to treat and/or prevent NE in poultry. Further studies on the effect of EOs on other enteric infection, intestinal microbiota, poultry feed components, and poultry meat quality are required. ...
Mohammed Al Bratty1, Hassan A. Alhazmi1, Somaya Jadoh Ogdi1, Jana Ahmad Otaif1, Abdul Jabbar Al-Rajab2, Mohammad Firoz Alam3 andSadique Akhtar Javed1,*
...e among the least contaminated tissues. Importantly, the lead (Pb) content was found to be of serious concern in the tested chicken samples, as it was measured to be higher than its maximum permissible limit (0.1 mg/kg) in poultry meat set by WHO and European Union. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of the tested metals through the consumption of the Baladi chicken were found to be lower than their respective reference oral doses (RfD) set by USEPA. The non-c...
Mehmet Aydın*
...s depurator, Liocarcinus navigator, and Eriphia verrucosa) living in the Black Sea. The crab samples were obtained between 2010 and 2016 by SCUBA, trawl, trammel net, and dredges at six locations (Kastamonu, Sinop, Samsun, Ordu, Giresun, and Trabzon). Total carapace length (CL) and weight (W) of each individual were recorded with an accuracy of 0.01 cm and 0.01 g, respectively. During the sampling period, a total of 5932 crab individuals belong...
Muhammad Shahbaz1,*, Muhammad Anwar Iqbal1, Arshad Javid2, Abu ul Hassan Faiz1, Irfan3 and Muhammad Irshad Arshad4
...rveyed to explore bat fauna of genus Pipistrellus in central Punjab from January 2015 to December 2016. A total of 172 specimens of genus Pipistrellus belonging to six species i.e. P. pipistrellus (n = 43), P. paterculus (n = 12), P. javanicus (n = 39), P. tenuis (n = 18), P. cylonicus (n = 40) and P. dormeri (n = 20) were captured. Out of these six species, four are reported for the first time from the s...
Rehman-Ud-din* and Naeem-Ur-Rehman Khattak
...e villages on a proportional basis. The study reveals that a large number of both types of farmers are neither completely mechanised nor completely non-mechanised. Majority of the farmers in each type of farmers do not have their own farming machines/animals. Per acre productivity of mechanised farmers is a little bit greater than the non-mechanised farmers. The outstanding feature of farm mechanisation is the time-saving factor that e...
Usman Shakoor1, Ali Nasir2, Mudassar Rashid1, Muhammad Iftikhar-ul-Husnain1, Nabila Khurshid1 and Zuhair Husnain2
... concern, the study has analysed the impact of agriculture taxes on the share of agriculture GDP of Pakistan and empirically investigated the long run relationship between the variables using time series data for last 23 years. It was empirically evaluated that increase in agriculture taxes led to a decrease in agriculture share of GDP. 1% increase in in the level of agricultural income tax decreased share of GDP by 0.073%. Whereas increase in land tax revenue...
Muhammad Waheed Mushtaq1,*, Jamil Anwar2, Omara Naeem3,Farah Kanwal1 and Waheed-uz-Zaman1
...ezing.
...
Ye Gong, Nehafta Bibi and Haitao Wang*
...y forest in Northeast China, we found mixed clutches that contained eggs of Mandarin duck and other species over 11 breeding seasons (2004 - 2014). We monitored the frequency of occurrence and the fate of eggs in those nests and recorded fourteen cases of mixed clutches that contained Mandarin duck eggs. Nine cases were classified as successful nest usurpation: in six cases nests of other birds were usurped by Mandarin duck and in three cases nests of Mandarin...
Zeqin Fu, Yunfang Tian, Yingying Ye*, Pengzhi Qi and Changwen Wu
...ain mussel species in China, with a widely range of aquaculture markets and importantly economic value. In this study, we used one hundred and twenty primers pairs to screen all microsatellite loci and twenty-three polymorphic loci were identified. The number of alleles per loci ranged from six to twenty-one with an average of 12.913 and the allele size varied between 161 and 470 bp. The observed and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.143 to 1.000 and from ...
Yijiang Liu1, Kun Li2, Hui Zhang2, Khalid Mehmood2,3, Muhammad Shahzad3, Houqiang Luo1,*, Muhammad Asif Yaseen4 and Xiong Jiang2,5,*
...mboo farm in Wenzhou, China was carried out, using its tibia. The mt genome (16,579 bp) is composed of 13 protein coding genes, 22 tRNA genes and 2 rRNA genes. The ratio of the bases of the mt genome of R. pruinosus from Wenzhou are A (32.31%), T (31.04%), C (24.77%), G (11.88%), A+T (63.35%), respectivel...
Fayaz Ahmad1*, Noorullah Khan1, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Qamar uz Zaman1, Shamsul Islam1, Muhammad Abbas Khan1 and Sair Sarwar2
...nt was conducted at National Tea and High Value Crops Research Institute, Shinkiari Mansehra during the years 2012-13 with the objectives to find out the most suitable time of pruning and doses of potash fertilizer for deep pruning of tea bushes and their subsequent efficient recovery and proper growth. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Mature tea plants (26 year old) of Qi-men variety were deeply pruned (...
Wiqar Ahmad1* and Farmanullah Khan2
...b and lentils (Lense Culinarus M.) CV NM-89 were cultivated in rotation. Results revealed that during 2006, maize yield did not improve significantly, however, during 2007, grain yield (GY) increased by 17% with N1/2PKF over the RD. Similarly, the cropping pattern effect was significant during 2007 only and the cereal-legume rotation showed 9 and 12% higher GY over the cereal-cereal+legumes intercrop and cereal-cereal rotation, respectively. With regard to soi...
Muhammad Ismaeel1,2*, Syed Mehar Ali Shah1, Aziz Ur Rahman1 and Mian Ahmad Raza1
...1%) while F1 hybrid combinations Bas-2008/Kashmir-Bas and Bas-6129/Dokri-Bas for 1000-grain weight (18.9%) and grain yield (50.0%). Rice parents IR-8, Bas-6129 and Bas-370, based on their excellence for yield and yield related parameters, are recommended for use in future rice hybridization programs while the F1 cross combinations DR-92/DR-83, Bas-6129/Dokri-Bas and Bas-2008/Kashmir-Bas are recommended to develop advance gen...
Samiullah*, Mohammad Aslam Khan and Atta-ur-Rahman
...paper spatio-temporally analyses the nexus of landholdings and farm fragmentation (FF) in Peshawar City District, Pakistan. In order to achieve objectives of the study, data were collected from revenue department and field survey. For micro level analysis, five villages were randomly selected for detailed and intensive study. In addition to questionnaire survey, detailed focused group disc...
Jia-kui Li1,2,*, Kun Li2, Zhao-qing Han2, Hui Zhang2, Xiao-qiang Wang2, Hou-qiang Luo2, Yan-fang Lan2 and Gang Qiu1,2
...high altitude area of China. Totally, 516 yak serum samples were randomly got during 2012 to 2014. BVDV was found highly prevalent among the adult yaks (51.1%; 95% CI: 46.5-55.6) and calves (60.5%; 95% CI: 43.4-76.0), respectively. The prevalence of BVDV infection in 2012 to 2014 was 45.3% (95% CI: 38.6%-52.1%); 56.0% (95% CI: 49.7-62.2) and 60.5% (95% CI: 43.4-76.0), respectively with a significant difference in the three years (P<0.05). The current result...
Nadia Saeed1,Mian Sayed Khan2, Habib Ahmad3, Muhammad Abdullah4 and Muzafar Shah5,*
...que. After Quantitative analysis of both treated and untreated trees, it was observed that treated trees samples showed decline in nematode number as compared to untreated trees. Organic amendments effectively controlled the nematode population. Among all applied organic amendments castor oil cakes and cow dung were found more effective and saw dust was least effective. The studies showed that organic amendments were significantly effective against nematodes.<...
Farrukh Jamil*, Samra Raheel and Haroon Rasheed
...e heme pocket of HGbIV. Analysis of the structure showed that the smaller ligands docked far away from most of the heme pocket residues namely His70(B9), His71(B10), Ser97(E11) and Trp137(G8), and only PO4-3 docked at a position where it can interact with all these residues. It appears that HGbIV is not designed for transport of smaller gaseous molecule like the other heme containing proteins and it may...
Gulnaz Malik1, Abdul Qadir1 and Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan2,*
...cides are used for the management of this pest, successful management could be compromised by prevailing environmental temperature since it has a significant effect on the toxicities of insecticides. The focus of the present study was to evaluate the effect of post-treatment temperature on the toxicity of four insecticides viz., spinosad, emamectin benzoate, lufenuron and thiamethoxam. For this purpose, toxicities of ...
Xiangbin Meng1,Tianxiang Gao2, Chunhou Li3, Na Song1, Lu Liu1, Liqin Liu2 and Xiumei Zhang1,*
...ervation and efficient management of this species.
...
Abdur Rahman1,*, Ibrahim Sadi Cetingul2, Ismail Bayram2, Cangir Uyarlar2, Abdil Burhaneddin Akkaya2, Eyup Eren Gultepe2, Hikmet Keles3, Aykut Ulucan4 and Zafar Hayat1
...quail diet on the intestinal properties and gut morphology. Quails fed diets containing 0% (A), 1% (B), 2% (C), 3% (D), 4% (E) and 5% (F) dried ground Oregano leaves. Results revealed that villus height was significantly higher in group D compared to control group, whereas crypt depth was significantly higher in all supplemented groups specifically remarkable in group D. Thickness of the tunica muscularis was higher in group C while other groups like D, E and ...
Nausheen Irshad1,*, Imran Yousaf1, Tariq Mahmood2 and Muhammad Saeed Awan1
...ollected through questionnaire survey. Results confirmed the occurrence of leopard at six out of twelve sampling sites surveyed, in the form of evidences including pug marks, cave/ den, and dead bodies (two carcasses and one skin) of the animal. Moreover, three kill records of the animal in a short duration of six months are indicative of its illegal hunting for its skin or in self-defense. Therefore, immediate conservation measures are needed to protect the s...
Tariq Mahmood1,*, Shafqat Rasool1, Faraz Akrim1, Shaista Andleeb1, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem2 and Fiaz Nadeem3
...ting Margalla Hills National Park, Islamabad (MHNP). Three owl species viz., Spotted Owlet (Athene brama), Little owlet (Athene noctua) and the Tawny Owl (Strix aluco) were recorded from the park at five different sampling sites, at elevations ranging from 615 m to 655 m above sea level. Only one of the three species Tawny owl was previously known from the park while the other two species have been recorded for the first time ...
Abdul Samad1, Ferhat Abbas1, Zafar Ahmad1, Olena Pokryrshko2 and Tauseef M Asmat1,*
...ce of deadly food contaminants like Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni and E. coli (O157:H7) in various types of food items consumed locally. Total of 800 most common food samples such as chicken, beef meat, raw milk, vegetables and salad samples were collected from retail market, the overall contamination of food samples with infectious agents was 48.37%. Campylobacter jeju...
Jun Chen1, Shuai Shang2, Xiaoyang Wu1, Jiakuo Yan1, Huaming Zhong1, Huanxin Zhang2, Weilai Sha1, Wanchao Zhu1 and Honghai Zhang1,*
...mals.
...
Shamsher Ali1*, Sarmad Khan1, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Naveed ullah4, Muhammad Rashid3 and Wiqar Ahmad1
... emergence. Statistical analysis of the data showed that both soils and varieties significantly (p<0.05) affected per cent emergence and growth. Interactions between soils and varieties were significant (p <0.05) regarding emergence and plant heights. From the interactions it is clear that under normal soil conditions, emergence percentage of Pirsabak-2004 variety was maximum (100 %), under moderate soil salinity, emergence percentage of Siren variety wa...
Chicken Embryo Fibroblasts are Effective Cells to Study the Function of Chicken Neurexophilin 1 Gene
Dongmei Sun, Meiling Chen, Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad, Yun Liu, Xunping Jiang and Guiqiong Liu*
...lls of chicken utero-vaginal junction, chicken embryo fibroblasts (DF-1 cells) and Hela cells. The immunocytochemistry results showed that neurexophilin 1 was expressed in both the epithelial cells of chicken genital tract and DF-1 cells. Immunofluorescence revealed that neurexophilin 1 was expressed in cytoplasm as well as cell nucleus of chicken fibroblasts and Hela cells. Western-blot analysis displayed neurexophilin 1 in...
Sumaira Maqsood1,*, Muhammad Afzal2, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel2, Waqas Wakil3 and Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1,*
... formulations of biorational insecticides viz., Bacillus thuringiensis (DiPel®), NPV (SpltNPV) and Flubendiamide (Belt®) evaluated (alone and in combination) against S. litura under field condition. Minimum plant infestation (7.60±0.40%) was observed three days after application when B. thuringiensis and flubendiamide were applied in combi
Fatma Abdallah1*, Ola Hassnain2, Elsayed Attar3, Haytham Ali3,5, Mohamed Megahed1 and Venugopal Nair4
...nducted. Twenty one vaccinated chicken flocks suffering from different form of lymphomas, representing different governorates in the Egyptian Delta, were screened for MDV infection. Pathological findings in the visceral tumours and presence of viral DNAs with variable mitotic figures were observed in the examined visceral organs. Eight samples were screened positive for the major MDV-encod...
Mingming Ning1,2, Yanjie Zheng1, Yuanyuan Dun1, Weijun Guan2 and Xiuxia Li1,*
...face marker Oct4, CD105, nanog, CD73 and SSEA-4 on CAFSCs are detected positive with immunofluorescence histochemistry, Gene CD44, CD29, CD73 and SH2 are detected positive with RT-PCR. We carry karyotype analysis out and find that chromosome is 2n=78 and shows normal. CAFSCs in mid period of subculture propagate fastest from cell cycle examination on Flow Cytometer and growth curve using C...
Nadeem Munawar, Iftikhar Hussain and Tariq Mahmood*
...ctly and indirectly, by gnawing, spoilage, contamination and hoarding activities. The current study investigated the occurrence of different rodent species inside the crop fields and at field edges, associated with four major crops (wheat, groundnut, millet and maize) in the Pothwar Plateau. In all four crops, maximum number of rodent burrows was recorded at maturity stages of the crops. The maturity stage of wheat crop coin...
Adel A. Basyouny Shahin,1,* Amira M. Metwally Mohamed2 and Abd El-Reheem A. El Shatter2
Danyu Zhang1, Ying Liu1, Qinxin Shi1, Zhiwei Peng1, Yan Hua1 and Zhijun Hou1,2,*
...was mainly in Russia, China, and Japan. There have little information about gastrointestinal parasite and bacterium of the sable, but it was important for its health. Five parasitic species and two hundreds thirty four gut bacteria (genus) of the sable were detected by the saturated NaCl floating and next sequencing methods. The parasites were Capillaria sp., Baylisascaris devosi, Echinochasmus sp...
Ali Zaman1,*, Abdul Haleem1, Sajjad Ur Rahman2, Adnan Amin3 Asma Saeed1, Sana Ullah4 and Naimat Ullah4
... distinct districts and analyzed through hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test for detection of H5 antibodies. Highest sero-prevalence of Avian Influenza (H5) was recorded in district Abbottabad 36.15% (47/130) followed by Dera Ismail Khan 33.08% (43/130), Tank 26.92% (35/130), Peshawar 21.54% (28/130) and Mansehra 16.92% (22/130). Statistical analysis confirmed a significant (P<...
Souheila Slimani1,*, Sonia Hamouda1, Chahrazed Souadi1, Sara Silini2, Cherif Abdennour2 and Leila Delimi3
...0% purity” on seasonal reproduction of male domestic pigeons Columba livia domestica, subjected to a long photoperiod (19L: 05D). The fungicide was orally administered at 5 and 10 mg/Kg body weight/day for 10 consecutive weeks.Testicular volume and weights were measured weekly, whereas semen quality, and histopathological profile were investigated at week 10.The obtained results reveal that under a long photoperiodthe sexual activity of the contro...
Musrrat Fatima, Muhammad Saad Khan, Hamid Rashid, Asim Mehmood, Sumaira Kanwal, Muhammad Asif Rasheed and Farrukh Jamil*
.... By using three dimensional structure of the NS2B-NS3, an allosteric site has been identified in the protein. Moreover, the identified site is used for structure-based virtual screening. After screening 100,000 compounds, 14 compounds are selected, which fulfilled different already established drug likeliness parameters such as rule of five and nontoxic nature. These 14 compounds are used for pharmacophore modeling, and Zin...
Muhammad Zameer Kayani1,*and Tariq Mukhtar2
...resistant (Marketmore, Dynasty, Pioneer-II and Summer Green) cultivars and hence are recommended for cultivation in fields infested with M. incognita.
...
Yakup Erdal Ertürk
... significant impact on final fattening weight (FFW) as an output variable at domestic beef cattle enterprises from the Eastern part of Turkey. Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) as a non-parametric analysis technique was preferred in the description of the influential factors and their interaction effects for each gender. Some probable factors such as age, province, education level, experience, social security, ...
Zihong Chen1, Ling Xu2, Xiaona Yang2, Yaguan Zhang3* and Yuming Yang4
...untain, Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, southwestern China, was described here as Metarhizium baoshanense. It was proposed and determined based on morphological characters combined with a multigene phylogenetics analysis involving 5.8S–ITS, nrSSU, nrLSU, EF–1α, RPB1 and RPB2. In multilocus phylogeny, M. baoshanense was grouped as a sister clade to Metarhiz...
Nina Bao1,*, Yongguang Yin2 and Panpan Wang3
..., respectively. IR analysis showed that the extraction has hydroxyl and amide groups, which was proved to be cerebroside. Meanwhile, bioactivity showed that the extraction has antibacterial activity, and the purified one is better than the crude one.
...
Zhuanxia Chen1, Ningping Tao1,*, Xiao Qin1 and Dayong Liu2
...ich were used in traditional. The taste of Takifugu obscurus under different conditions were analyzed by sensory evaluation and electronic tongue technique. The characteristic of the taste substances were tested, such as free amino acids, nucleotides, trimethylamine oxide and betaine. Results showed that umami was the most prominent flavor. Compared with liver, IMP is the main flavor nucleotide in meat. However, the c...
Changqing Zhao*, Zhuochi Chen and Yubin Li
...Alcohol, 1-Octen-3-ol, Nonanal, Pentanal, 3-Methyl-Butanal, and 2-Pentyl-Furan. The study results demonstrated that the strains combined with Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Angel Yeast reduced the meat pH, degraded the protein in the meat by the proteases (including acid and neutral proteases) produced during fermentation, and increased the amount o...
Jia Chen*, Yuanxi Deng and Hui Xu
...otein of 12kDa was then analyzed by ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography, and the MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS search on the Internet. The results indicate that the protein was diamine- N-acetyltransferase.
...
Bin Wang1, 2, Qianji Ning1,*, Qian Wang2, Wei Peng2, Tong Hao2,*and Jinsheng Sun2,*
...used on the independent analysis of single protein, rather than a protein-protein interaction. In this work, with the systematic point of view, the subcellular location of 830 unidentified proteins were annotated based on the previously reconstructed protein-protein interaction network (PIN) of E. sinensis using the bioinformatics analysis method, which accounts for 91.9% of all un-localized proteins in the network. S...
Environmental Determinants of Zooplankton Community in the Damietta Estuary of the Nile River, Egypt
Wael S. El-Tohamy1,*, Russell R. Hopcroft2 and Nagwa E.M. Abdel Aziz3
...s were investigated seasonally during 2014 through nine stations in the Damietta estuary of the Nile River. Meroplanktonic larvae were the major component representing 39.4% of the total zooplankton abundance. Copepods and their larval stages contributed 36.2%. Rotifers ranked the third important group (12.6%). Protozoa contributed 10.6% of the total community. According to the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), the va...
Xi-wen Chen1,2, Qian Wang1,3, Miao Yin1, Zhong-hui Pu1,2, Ai-wei Guo3, Lian Li 1,3, Wen-tao Luo1,3 and Xiong-qing Wang1,*
Yang Yang1,2, Yun Liu1, Mingxu Zhou1 and Guoqiang Zhu1,*
...and flagellin were coordinately regulated, as deleting fliC caused decreased QS-II activity.
...
Syed Makhdoom Hussain1,*, Nosheen Aslam2, Arshad Javid3, Shehzadi Liaquat1,Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad1, 4, Muhammad Zubair-ul-Hassan Arsalan1 and Muhammad Adnan Khalid1
Qaisar Jamal1, Muhammad Idrees1, Saif Ullah2, Muhammad Adnan1, Farrah Zaidi1, Qaiser Zaman1,3 and Syed Basit Rasheed1,*
...v>...
Selçuk Kaplan
...ucleotide variations in Anatolian water buffaloes. Sequence analysis were revealed seven polymorphic site (G1072A, T1081C, T1131G, T1143C, T1145G, T1151G and C1221T) and one monomorphic site (C1071T) in Anatolian water buffaloes. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first study that fully describes seven polymorphic sites of bubaline leptin gene in Ana
Guifen Liu1,2, Xiaomu Liu1,2, Khuram Shahzad3, Wei You1,2, Juan J. Loor3,* and Fachun Wan1,2,4,*
...f cattle. Therefore, we analyzed the transcriptome changes within adipose tissue in beef cattle at different stages of growth. Microarray analysis of data at 12 vs 18 months, 12 vs 24 months, 12 vs 30 months, 18 vs 24 months, 18 vs 30 months and 24 vs 30 months uncovered a total of 10625 differentially expressed genes (P ≤ 0.05; no fold change). The dynamic impact approach (DIA) bioinfo...
Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Sher Bahadar Khan2, Shehla Gul Bokhari1, Ikramul Haq1,*, Imdad Ullah Khan3, Naimat Ullah4, Naimat Ullah Khan4, Kashif Hussain1 and Azmat Ullah Khan2
... was procured from Veterinary Research Institute Peshawar. The immunogenicity of toxoid vaccines and bacterin toxoid vaccine were studied and compared initially in rabbits and then in goats and sheep. Experimental trials were conducted on 54 healthy animals of each species and were divided into three equal groups (n=18). The antibody titers were evaluated with indirect haemagglutination test. The results indicated significan...
Muhammad Shahid Saeed1, Adeela Shahid2, Samia Jawed3, Muhammad Akram4, Irshad Hussain Qureshi5
...MgSO4 on pulmonary function test in acute severe attack of asthma.
Methodology: A double blind placebo control study was conduced on about 132 asthmatics, which were aged between 18-60 years at Mayo Hospital Emergency with FEV1 ≤ 30% of the predicted value. Spirometry of all asthmatics (study and placebo groups) in the emergency department was performed by Spirolab III. Detailed history, general physical and systemic...
Sadaf Noveen1*, Shaista Habib Ullah2, Babar Alam3
... descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on a sample of 140, which were 4-8 years old children with speech sound disorders, without any disability, and visiting various speech clinics in Pakistan. Test for Assessment of Articulation and Phonology in Urdu (TAAPU) was applied as it contains both oral motor screen and articulation tests.
Results: The study examined the relationship between Oral Motor Mechanism (OMM) and Articulation Dis...
Kaleem Ullah1, Zafar Niaz2, Sami Ullah Mumtaz3, Sajid Abaidullah4*
...chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular diseases strongly exists as diastolic dysfunction is commonly reported in COPD patients.
Objective: This study was conducted to determine the presence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients of COPD.
Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Mayo Hospital Lahore for one year. A total of 50 ...
Riffat Mehboob1*, Shahida Perveen2, Naseer Ahmed3
...ose of the study was to analyze the spectrum of BBD in a tertiary care hospital of Lahore to understand the prevalence of inflammatory lesions, benign neoplasms and their age-wise comparison.
Methodology: The study was carried out at Pathology Department, King Edward Medical University, Lahore. Data of 368 cases of BBD during a time span of 3 years (2011-2014) was obtained retrospectively.
Results: There were 190 pat...
Nasreen Ishaq1, Arif Rasheed Malik2, Zameer Ahmad1, Saad Ehsan Ullah3
...y, which formulates personal identity. Forensic medicine is basically the science of identification and during last few decades multiple research work has been conducted for detection of different methods of identification to establish a baseline of identity e.g. dental data, fingerprinting, DNA analysis, anthropometry, identification of sex, assessment ...
Ghulam Abbas1, Muhammad Jawad Asghar1, Muhammad Rizwan2*, Muhammad Akram1, Jaffar Hussain1 and Fiaz Ahmad1
...ted traits. The genetic analysis of mungbean germplasm revealed high genotypic (GCV) and phenotypic (PCV) coefficients of variability for biological yield (GCV% = 31.70, PCV% = 33.58), harvest index (GCV% = 27.80, PCV% = 30.16) and seed yield (GCV% = 25.28, PCV% = 27.54). While heritability estimates were high for all the traits except days to maturity and clusters per plant. Biological yield, harvest index and seed yield depicted high estimates of heritabilit...
Abdul Basit1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,4*, Sohail Ahmed2, Gohar Ali2 and Muhammad Javaid3
... concluded that, in combination with biorational insecticides such as spinosad, installation of different colored refractive sheets, except yellow, at 30° or 60° angles would be more effective and economical to control fruit fly incidence on different vegetable crops such as M. charantia. ...
Abdul Wajid1,*, Asma Basharat2, Muhammad Akbar Shahid3, Sidra Tul Muntaha1, Abdul Basit4, Tanveer Hussain5, Muhammad Farooq Tahir6, Muhammad Azhar7, Masroor Ellahi Babar1 and Shafqat Fatima Rehmani2
...e administration of vaccination, FAdV outbreaks have been reported and caused significant losses in poultry flocks throughout Pakistan in recent years. To identify the serotype and gain a better understanding of the genetic properties of the FAdV strains responsible for recent outbreaks, the sequence analysis of hexon gene of 10 isolates associated with IBH and HPS was determined. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic a
Fangxiao Dong1,2, Xuan Luo1,2, Delu Yuan1,2, Aixin Liang1,2* and Liguo Yang1,2*
...) could be applied as signal peptide for enhancing the effect of somatostatin DNA vaccine. A novel recombinant plasmid pEGS/2SS-tPA encoding two copies of somatostatin genes fused to tPA signal sequence was succesfully constructed and identified in MCF-7 cells. Subsequently, thirty female mice randomly were divi...
Malik Muhammad Yousaf1*, Mumtaz Hussain1, Muhammad Jahangir Shah1, Bashir Ahmed1, Muhammad Zeshan1,2, Muhammad Mohsin Raza1 and Kazim Ali2
...urity and statistically analyzed. All yield contributing traits showed positive response with increase in fertilizer rate. Maximum yield was found at T6 (NPK @ 40:30:15) and T6 and T7 (NPK @ 40:30:30) showed parity for seed yield. Significant difference was not observed in increase in yield due to the addition of potassium but branches per plant showed substantial difference. Highly significant positive correlation was observed for yield and yield contributing...
Rizwana Qamar1, Maria Ghias1, Fida Hussain1, Sajida Habib1, Muhammad Khuram Razzaq2*, Muhammad Aslam1 and Imran Habib3
...urdily delimited by the inaccessibility of water. Developments of sunflower hybrids having greater drought tolerance are the effective and inexpensive approach by plant breeders to manage with drought. A wire house experiment was conducted in Oilseeds Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Faisalabad for the screening of genotypes against drought. Ten hybrids along with their 13 parental inbred lines were grown in po...
Ayesha Iftikhar1,*, Muhammad Asif Aziz1, Muhammad Naeem1, Munir Ahmad1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
... cotton mealy bug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Understanding the effect of temperature variations on its demography and predation rate is necessary to predict the population dynamics of this beetle against cotton mealy bug. Age-stage, two sex life tables of zigzag beetle were constructed at three different temperature regimes: 24 ± 0.5 °C and 27 ± 0.5 °C with 60-70...
Muhammad Fiaz1*, Muhammad Afzal1 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,2
...cial component of pest management strategies. In this study, field efficacy of spirotetramat and Isaria fumosorosea formulations was assessed in spring 2016 and 2017 against Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri, one of the economic insect pests of citrus plants and a putative vector of Huanglongbing worldwide. Treatments were comprised of label-recommended (FD) and its half (HD) dose rates of spirotetramat and I. fumosorose...
Komal Mushtaq1, Shoaib Waqas2*, Hafiz Muhammad Asim3
...ack pain (CLBP) can be managed by multidisciplinary team approach especially physiotherapy and rehabilitation. In this study, effectiveness of spinal manual therapy (maitland grade I and II mobilization) for CLBP management was assessed.
Methods: All subjects in the study were provided maitland grade I and II spi<...
Masood Nizam Tabassum1*, Muhammad Ather Khan2, Saira Afzal3, Amir Gilani4, Abdul Wahab Gureja5, ShafaqTabassum6
...thods: A cross sectional study was conducted in outpatient Department of chest Medicine in Public sector health facilities Lahore, Pakistan from 1st January 2017 to 30th June 2017 after informed consent from Tuberculosis patients. After simple random sampling 1120 patients coming from different parts of the Punjab province were included in this study. Data were collected and analyzed by SPSS version...
Sukirno Sukirno1,2, Muhammad Tufail1,3,*, Khawaja Ghulam Rasool1, Said El Salamouny1, 4, Koko Dwi Sutanto1 and Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood1
...n Saudi Arabia. A preliminary test of SpliMNPV was performed to determine the lethal concentrations of this virus against the first and second larval instar of S. exigua. The potency of ten plant extracts as UV absorbers were done by measuring the absorption spectra of the 0.5% extracts using UV spectrophotometer. Based on preliminary data, clove, green tea and henna extracts...
Yan Li1, Kai Zhan1,*, Junying Li1, Wei Liu1, Ruiyu Ma1, Shengnan Liu1, Haijun Cui1 and Xin Zhang2
...in group 4. Egg quality analysis demonstrated the significant increases in shell thickness among declawed treatments and yolk color in group 2. Overall feather score of layer breeders was not a significant difference, but the neck region had the lowest feather score in all groups. Preferential trimming methods were the removal of the first and third or second and fourth toes of day-old chicks in Hy-Line strain.
...
Doğan Türkyılmaz1,*, Selçuk Özyürek2,Nurinisa Esenbuğa1 and Mustafa Yaprak1
...gated in order to determination of milk quality. The main components of milk are fat, solid non-fat, density, protein, lactose and ash. Density of the milk is expressed in kg/m3 and the other components are in percent. Fat, solid non-fat, density, protein, lactose and ash percentages of the milk in this study were respectively 7.19%, 9.67%, 1030.78 kg/m3, 3.18%, 5.55%, 0.93% in Morkaraman; 7.20%, 9.95%, 1031.78 kg/m3, 3.29%, 5....
Wasim Javaid1, Farid Asif Shaheen1*, Farah Naz2 and Muhammad Usman Raja2
...i (EPF), Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae was evaluated to manage pulse beetle (PB), Callosobruchus chinensis by using different fungal concentrations of 1×106, 1×107 and 1×108 spores/ml in stored chickpea grains. Highest mortality (90%) of PB was observed in 72 hours through application of 1×108spores/ml of M. anisopliae compared to B. bassiana with 60...
Tanzim Ullah Khan1*, Mohammad Tariq Jan1, Ahmad Khan1, Gulzar Ahmad2, Muhammad Ishaq2, Khilwat Afridi2, Murad Ali2, Muhammad Adeel Qureshi2, Imtiaz Ahmad3 and Muhammad Saeed2
...onducted on integrated management of fertilizer nitrogen and poultry manure for wheat improvement at New Developmental Research Farm, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University, Peshawar in 2010-11. Three levels of fertilizer nitrogen (75, 100 and 125 kg ha-1) and two poultry manure levels (0 and 4 tones ha-1) were allotted to main plot while time of fertilizer nitrogen application were as: full at land preparation, full at boot stage and ½ at land prep...
Imadud Din1*, Fazal Munsif1, Irfan Ahmad Shah3, Hamayoon Khan1, Fahad Ullah Khan1, Ibrarullah2, Shahab Uddin4 and Tauqir Islam1
...sic tool involved in the natural assessment and causes to produce sustainable crop under various environmental conditions. The aim of the present study was to assess twenty-four different wheat genotypes for morphological traits and yield components. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block (RCB) design having three replications. Components of variation, broad sense heritability, genotypic coefficient of vari...
Muhammad Shoaib Saleem*, Muhammad Faheem Akbar, Amjad Sultan and Saqib Ali
...lture and Agribusiness Management, University of Karachi to evaluate the efficacy of Neonicotinoids and Insect growth Regulators (IGRs) against jassid (Amrasca devastans Dist.) on eggplant crop. The crops were grown in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, each have five treatments inclusive of control. The recommended doses of Nitenpyram, Clothianidin, Momentum (combination of Nitenpyram+Chlorfe...
Syed Muhammad Hassan Raza1*, Syed Amer Mahmood1, Veraldo Liesenberg2 and Syed Shehzad Hassan1
...e use of insecticide at inappropriate times and unsuitable locations following the crop calendar. The purpose of this research was to delineate the vulnerable zones for YSB attacks on rice crop using satellite thermal datasets. The area under investigation was 13700 km2 area out of which 8627 km2 was covered by rice plantations. Thermal datasets covered the area of 8627 km2 comprising 10663 pixels which returned 10663 spatially distributed temperature values. ...
Muhammad Shaheer1*, Asad Aslam Khan2, Nasir Ahmed3, Tehseen Mahmood Mahju4, Ummarah Rasheed5
...ver, the impact of medicinal treatment on the occurrence of macular edema remained elusive.
Objectives: This study was designed to determine the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab in patients of diabetic macular edema.
Methods: An interventional study was conducted on patients that underwent pre-injection and one-month post-injection OCT for RNFL thickness. OCT was performed by researche...
Naveed Akhtar1, Humaira Zareen2* and Rubina Sarmad3
...elationship with nutritional status of any person. Modification of these habits in the adolescent period can prevent malnutrition resulting in prevention of many non-communicable diseases. Additionally, with best eating habits female doctors can be a role model for their patients.
Objectives: This study was designed to access the dietary habits, nutritional status and th...
Fouzia Hadi Ali1, Farhat Naz2, Aban Abid Qazi3
...thods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at 80 hospitals in the province of Punjab. The stratified sampling design was employed to select a sample from the population. Out of 80, a total of 53 hospitals were consented to participate in the study. A structured questionnaire was administered to a sample of 1100 doctors with a response rate of 83%. The sequential model was tested by applying Partial Least Squares Struct...
Maaz Ahmad1*, Mussab Ahmad2 and Tehreem Munir3
...Abstract | Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a set of relapsing or chronic dyspeptic symptoms in the absence of structural organic lesions. Approximately 15-20% of the general population in many developed countries suffers from dyspeptic symptoms at any time in a year, whereas in Pakistan, 14-22 % of general population suffers from FD.
Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of carica papaya extract (CP) in p...
Taimoor Akram Khan1*, Anam Farooq2, Amna Farooq3, Muhammad Nasir1, Gohar Khan4 and Ali Akram Khan1
...thods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using Basic Health Unit’s (BHU) Outdoor Patient Department (OPD) database retrospectively in order to determine the age, gender and organ system wise distribution of various diseases. Secondary data was collected from standard OPD register in which all patients that presented in the outpatient department of the facility during a period of 6 months from 1st January, 2017 to 30th June, ...
Rana Khurram Aftab1*, Farhat Ijaz2, Samia Jawed3
... descriptive cross sectional study where a total of 213 students of 1st year MBBS and BDS were involved. Their waist circumference, hip circumference, height and weight were recorded. Moreover, on these subjects bosy mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist hip ratio (WHR) were calculated and blood pressure was recorded.
Results: Amongst 213 students, a total of 97(45.5%) were male and 116 (54.5%) were females. Among stud...
Farhat Ijaz1, Rana Khurram Aftab2*, Samia Jawed3
...ology: A cross sectional comparative study was conducted in diabetic clinic of Mayo Hospital, Lahore. We determined and compared TNF-α levels and insulin resistance in 90 subjects where there were 50 obese patients with T2DM and 40 were non-obese Type 2 diabetic patients. TNF-α and serum insulin levels were determined using ELISA. Insulin resistance was calculated using HOMA-IR. Comparison between groups was performed using independent sample t...
Muhammad Kashif Munir1*, Sana Rehman1, Rizwan Iqbal1, Muhammad Saqib Saeed2, Muhammad Aasim1
... comparing with conventional standard drug proportion method. Additionally, to explore whether the assay can be utilized in treatment of Multidrug Resistant TB
Settings: This study was undertaken in Pakistan Health Research Council TB Research Centre in collaboration with Department of Pulmonology, King Edward Medical University, Mayo Hospital, Lahore.
Methods: Sputum samples from 125 pa...
Quratul Ain Tahira1*, Sidrah Lodhi1 and Sajid Abaidullah2
... comparative cross sectional study was conducted on medical floor in Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Resident doctors (RDs) including house officers (HOs) and postgraduate residents (PGRs) were divided into two groups for lecture based learning (LBL) and modified team based learning (mTBL) on the topic of “health promotion and disease prevention”. All RDs undertook individual readiness assurance test (IRAT) and final (FT)...
Sahar Naz1, Farhan Rasheed2, Muhammad Saeed3*, Shagufta Iram4 and Ambereen Anwar Imran5
...nd intra-hospital dissemination of metallo-β-lactamase (MβL) producing strains possess significant therapeutic challenges.
Objective: This study was carried outto evaluate the efficacy of Colistin against MβL producers.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Microbiology Laboratory,Allama Iqbal Medical College,Lahore, Pakistan from 1st...
Munir Ahmad1, Aisha Hameed2*, Saba Khaliq3, Hamid Saeed Malik4 and Shahida Mohsin5
... is the most common malignant tumor in children and forms a major fraction of childhood malignancies in the developed countries. Numerous chromosomal aberrations have been observed in ALL including translocations which result in the production of fusion genes (BCR-ABL, TEL-AML1, and MLL-AF4). These chromosomal rearrangements have great prognostic and therapeutic significance. Amongst these, TEL-AML1 fusion gene repres...
Zartasha Anjum1*, Rakhshindah Bajwa2 and Munazza Hassan3
... these were used as combination therapy along with tamoxifen in estrogen receptor (ER) and HMG-COAR positive breast carcinomas. However, in our local population, expression of HMG-COAR is not investigated. The objective of our study was to examine the expression of HMG-CoAR in primary breast carcinomas and determine its association with ER/PR expression.
Material & Methods: Cross-sectional a
Muhammad Nusrullah*1, Muhammad Younus2 and Yasir Nasir3
...b> | Arterial blood gas analysis is an important test for determining acid base balance of the body. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by chronic airflow limitation which is not fully reversible and it can lead to respiratory failure.
Objective: To determine the correlation between arterial and venous blood gases in patients presenting with chronic obstructive pulmo
Faisal Masood*1, Ranjit Kumar Sah2 and Ahmad Humayun Sarfaraz3
...ous pinning (CRPCP) in management of volar Barton’s fracture by Faisal Technique.
Methods: A total of 10 cases of volar Barton’s fracture fulfilling our inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in our study from August 2015 to August 2016. These cases, presented at our department, were managed with closed reduction under image intensifier by dorsiflexing the wrist and reducing the fragmen...
Shumaila Irum1, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal*2 and Fatima Naumeri3
...imary success of educational environment heavily depends upon benefits to learners and this further facilitates the learning processing. The most commonly used tool, to measure it, is Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM).
Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the perceptions of medical students in pre-clinical years about educational environment ...
Naveed Rashid*1, Muhammad Aamer2, Uzma Malik3, Nimra Arif4, Muhammad Waqar Akram5 and Ayesha Irshad6
...site amongst end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients who are on maintenance hemodialysis.
Methods: This comparative cross sectional study with quantitative approach was carried out in hemodialysis unit of Shalamar Institute of Health Sciences, Lahore for the month of July, 2017. All patients with ESRD, on maintenance hemodialysis...
Muhammad Younus1*, Sabah Usman2 and Samia Jawed3
...gned to compare the pulmonary functions in obese and non-obese subjects. Additionally, we aimed to correlate the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) with pulmonary function tests (PFT’s).
Material and Methods: This cross sectional comparative study was conducted at the Institute of Chest ...
Mumtaz Akhtar, Iffat Naheed, Khadija Waheed* and Amna Khanum
...es undergoing normal vaginal delivery. The study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Teaching Hospital, Lahore from 02-09-2014 to 03-03-2015. Non-probability and purposive sampling techniques were used. A total of 220patients undergoing normal vaginal delivery at term after administration of per rectal misoprostol were enrolled with 95% confidence interval (C.I)....
Muhammad Anwar Iqbal1, Habib Rehman2, Ali Hussain3,*, Faiza Jabeen4, Ijaz Ahmad2, Kamran Ashraf5, Muhammad Irshad Arshad6 and Omaima Khan7
...stigate the effect of mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) as nutritional supplementation on zoo-technical parameters, visceral organ weights, serum mineral levels and caecal concentrations of E. coli and Clostridium spp. in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Japanese quail (one-day old; n = 1320) were taken and randomly separated into four groups (n = 320), having 8 replicates (n = 40) in each group....
Bo Wu1, Hui Zhang2, Kun Li2, Khalid Mehmood2,7, Yan Zhao1, Bin Jiang1, Chengjun Xue3, Muhammad Tariq Javed6, Fazul Nabi2, Zhaoqing Han5,* and Houqiang Luo4,*
...in in many regions of China and many outbreaks are not reported. This study was undertaken to investigate the sero-prevalence and immunization program optimization of serotype O of FMD through ELISA and IHA in pigs in Zhejiang. A total of 368 serum samples were collected from June to July in 2016. Out of these samples, 23 (6.79%, 95% CI 4.4-9.9) pigs were found positive for FMD antibodies with the further distribution of 9.09% (95% CI 4.6–15.7), 6.90% (9...
Ayesha Noreen1, Dilara A. Bukhari2 and Abdul Rehman1,*
...tivated by numerous external factors, and play an important role in cancer growth and metastasis. ROS and tumor cell interaction could activate the signalling pathways, promoting cell proliferation, invasion, inducing angiogenesis, inflammation and cellular transformation in cancer. A better understanding into the mechanism of ROS in cancer progression might be useful for the development of biomarkers and therapeutic strateg...
S. Jalbani1, N. T. Narejo2,*, P. Khan2 and Y.M. Jalbani3
.../div>...
Madeeha Arshad1, Asmatullah1, Chaman Ara1, Shagufta Andleeb2 and Naveed Ahmad3,*
...l and fluid filled abdominal cysts. Significant increase in intrauterine growth retardation and resorptions of fetuses, with increasing dose concentration, was also observed. Morphometric observations of fetal body parts like head circumference, eye circumference, forelimb and hindlimb size and tail length demonstrated a significant (P<0.005) decrease with increasing dose concentrations in comparison with control group. The fetal body weight and CR length r...
Maryam Javed*, Farwa Saghir, Naveera Aziz, Maham Saeed, Asif Nadeem and Wasim Shehzad
Xia Lin Zheng1, Zhen Hua Xian1, Zhen De Yang2, Xiu Hao Yang3 and Wen Lu1,*
...ei County of Guangxi, China were investigated from December 2012 to December 2013. Jaapiella sp. damaged leaves, while Contarinia sp. damaged stems and leafstalks. The damage ratio and the index of Jaapiella sp. in December 2012, March, July and December 2013 were 9.7±2.0%, 14.8±1.9%, 24.1±1.5%, 12.3±0.6% and 25.6%, 31.3%, 35.6%, 26.2%, respectively, while those of Contarinia sp. were 33.2±3.4...
Irshad Ali1, Mohammad Masood Tariq2,*, Abdul Waheed2, Ferhet Abbas Yousafzai1, Farhat Abbas Bokhari1, Majed Rafeeq1, Muhammad Ali1, Muhammad Adnan Attique1, Shahid Amin3 and Tahir Hameed1
...results. It has extraordinary long limbs which protect them from very heated ground. The odor of BN animal sweat is so pungent that helps it in tick resistance. The white color of the skin is natural reflector in an extreme weather, whereas, the inner coat of this animal has black lining (the natural insulator), provides an excellent insulation capability against heat. Furthermore, very la...
Nuzhat Huma1, Fozia Ghaffar1, Saima Rafiq2,*, Imran Pasha1, Aysha Sameen1, Imran Hayat2 and Imtiaz Hussain2
...ounds and protein fractionations of casein and whey proteins of milk from different dairy animals like buffalo, cow, sheep, goat and camel. The buffalo and sheep milks have comparatively higher fat, solid-not-fat and total solid contents than other milks. Maximum whey proteins were found in the sheep milk (0.78%) whereas cow milk had lowest contents (0.54%). Non-casein-nitrogen (NCN) contents in sheep milk were higher followed by camel and buffalo milks. Elect...
Azmat Hayat Khan Khattak1, Muhammad Nauman ul Islam1, Muhammad Shakir Khan1, Muhammad Iqbal1, Imtiaz Ali Shah1,Sheeraz Ghani1, Amjad Ali2, Zubina Hameed1, Mohammad Farooque Hassan3 and Tariq Ali1,3,*
...9 for AJC calves. Additionally, the cost of production was Rs.406.68/kg and Rs.591.32/kg for AJC and ABC, respectively. This study concludes that AJC calves performed better on milk replacer than ABC.
...
Ansar Ahmed Abbasi1,*, Kathrin Blasius2-4, Imtiaz Ahmed6, Hao Hu7, Sylvie Picker-Minh2-4,8, Muhammad Nasim Khan5, Khalid Hameed1, Aneela Gulnaz1, Zahid Latif5, Abdul Rauf5 and Angela M. Kaindl2-4,8
...ncing and cosegregation analysis. We identified a previously described mutation c.4802C>G (p.S1601*) in the ASPM gene in both families. This study further underlines that mutations in the ASPM gene are a common cause for microcephaly in the Pakistani population and updates our knowledge regarding the frequent involvement of ASPM in microcephaly.
...
Hanif Ur Rahman1, Umer Saddique1, Zahoor-ul-Hassan1, Shakoor Ahmad1, Muhammad Kamal Shah1, Said Sajjad Ali Shah1, Farhan Anwar Khan1, Fazli Rabbani2, Muhammad Asif Hussain2, Attaur-Rahman2, Irshad Ahmad3,4 and Sadeeq ur Rahman2,*
...mbers of MM in small ruminants suspected of CCPP in Northern region of Pakistan. A total of 300 samples, (150 sheep and 150 goats) were randomly collected from nasal discharge, pleural fluid and lung tissues, and streaked into Pleuropneumonia like organism (PPLO) medium for isolation and identification of Mycoplasma species. Confirmed mycoplasma isolates were subjected to species specific PCR to identify members of MM...
Sana Rafique1, Hina Saqib1, Khushi Muhammad2, Nazia Akbar2, Abdul Rauf3, Muzafar Shah4,*
...orms and through questionnaire. Total 1332 blood samples were collected from 3 tehsils of District Mansehra. Out of which, 725 were found positive for dengue fever infection. Out of 725 positive cases, 410 (56.5%) were males and 315 (43%) were female’s patients. The high rate of DENV infection was found in the age group of 10-20 years that was 133(57.3%) followed by age group of 31-40 years that was 129 (57%) and 41-50 years that was 96 (57%). The lowest...
Jahangir khan* and Abbas Ullah Jan
...and a linear regression analysis conducted to identify important determinants of households’ WTP. Results show that 93% of respondents are willing to pay a price premium of PKR. 14. Empirical findings reveal that socio-demographic characteristics like age, education and income have positive significant effects on households’ willingness to pay. Findings of the study also reveal a significant influence of employme...
Rafa Almeer1,*, A. Alqarni1,2, S. Alqattan3, S. Abdi4,*, S. Alarifi1, Z.Hassan5 and A. Semlali6
.... Thus, honey which is a natural substance has been extensively studied for its anticancer properties. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. The present study evaluated the effect of two varieties of natural honey (Sidr and Wild) on a human breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231) cell line. The MDA-MB-231 cell lines were treated with Sidr honey (H1) and Wild honey (H2) for 6, 24, or 48 h followed by cell morphology ev...
Kashif Akbar* and Muhammad Ayub
...flour). Physicochemical analysis of the cookies showed the different trend from F0 to F6. Mean score for moisture content increased and the ranged between F0-F6 (3.24-3.29%), other physicochemical parameters showed decreasing trend like ash (0.80-0.73%), fat 24.23-23.94%), protein (8.20-7.68%), fiber (6.47-6.38%) while NFE increased slowly (57.86-58.60%). The color of the cookies ranged from F0-F6 (6.88-6.93), taste ranged F0-F6 (6.82-6.04) and texture ranged ...
Abdur Rehman and Zahir Shah
...applied alone or in combination on nodulation, nitrogen fixation, fresh pods yield and nutrient uptake of pea [Pisum sativum L.] under silt-loam alkaline soil conditions. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The required Fe and Mo as [(NH4)6Mo7O244H2O] and FeSO4.7H2O respectively were applied to soil followed by thorough mixing before sowing. Both Fe and Mo induced significant increases in fresh pods pea ...
Ahmed Zein Elabdeen Mahmoud1, Muaz Magzob Abdellatif2* and Mohamed Abdelsalam Abdalla3
...y;">Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an endemic disease in Hail, Saudi Arabia where outbreaks are regularly reported. This study was carried out to analyze nucleoprotein (N) gene of PPRV from fatal infections in small ruminants. For this purpose, RNA was extracted from suspected animal samples (n=18) and were screen...
G. Venkatesan* and Amit Kumar
...s, cauliflower like external growth around mouth regions and rarely the lesions are found in other parts of the body and internal organs. Another characteristic feature of ORFV including other PPVs is the ability to re-infect the same host and conferring short term immunity in contrast to other pox viruses and also produce localized skin lesions in humans who are in contact with infected animals and their products. Unique an...
Mudassar Javed1,Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,*, Muhammad Sufyan1, Sajjad Ali2 and Muhammad Afzal1
...cides including conventional and new-chemistry synthetic insecticides and different botanical extracts were screened against these pests on okra variety ‘Pusa Sawani’ under field conditions during 2015 and 2016 in a randomized complete block design. The average number of lepidopterous larvae in plots treated with the synthetic insecticides was 1.87 and 2.12 larvae/plant in 2015 and 2016, respectively, compared with 6.5 larvae/plant in untrea...
Tanveer Hussain1,*, Masroor Ellahi Babar1, Marcos De Donato2, Abdul Wajid1, Asif Nadeem3, Zahoor Ahmad3, Waqas Ahmad Khan4, Sunday O. Peters5 and Ikhide G. Imumorin6
...and genetic diversity of native cattle breeds (Bos indicus) in Pakistan, partial sequencing of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b (339 bp) was done in 136 individuals from 10 different breeds. Analysis of the Cyt b gene showed high conservation in Pakistani cattle as expected, with only 26 individuals showing nucleotide changes. Only 5 point mutations were present in multiple individuals (SNP), but one was specific f...
Rana Zeeshan Habib1, Muhammad Afzal1, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah2,*, Mahroze Fatima3, Muhammad Bilal4 and Syed Makhdoom Hussain5
...% of Mn and Zn remained unaffected. Also, acidification of PHY treated diet with CA significantly (p<0.05) improved the mineral digestibility performance of L. rohita. In conclusion, both the additives (CA and PHY) showed improved digestibility of minerals individually as well as in combination.
...
Wang-Dui Basang1, Tian-Wu An2, Luo-Bu Danjiu3, Yan-Bin Zhu1, Shi-Cheng He3, Xiao-Lin Luo2, Wei-Wei Ni4, Xiao Wang4, Shu-Zhu Cheng4, Jian Wang4 and Guang-Xin E4,*
...opulation. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these four populations separated into two haplogroups; the first included SN, DX, and NR, and the second included JL. However, no significant divergence was found among the ecotype populations using a pair-wise difference comparison (FST). Thus, the Naqu yak has multiple maternal origins and demonstrates high diversity within 4 geographic ecotype yak population...
Riaz Aziz Minhas1,*, Muhammad Nasim Khan1, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Basharat Ahmad1, Syda Shaista Bibi1, Mohsin Hanif1 and Afsar Mian2
...sed for further genetic analysis. RAPD makers (n=8) produced 245 bands (30.62±2.87 Mean±SE / primer) of different molecular weights (126-3342 bp), of which, 96 were population specific. Polymorphism was (37.71±5.29%; mean ± SE), with the highest in Muzaffarabad population (54.29%), followed by Poonch (43.67%) and Neelum (36.73%). Values of Shannon’s (I: 0.129-0.200) and Nei’s genetic diversity (He: 0.082-0.117) indices w...
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...ty was directly proportional to time and based on the nutrients provided by the nematodes. In this experiment, the nematophagous fungi Arthrobotrys oligospora, A. superba, A. musiformis, Dactylella oviparasitica, Clonostachys rosea, Stropharia rugosoannulata, Lecanicillium muscarium, Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Monacrosporium ellipsosporum demons...
Jingen Xu1, Yang Liu2, Erhui Jin1, Youfang Gu1, Qin Zhang3 and Shenghe Li1,*
... subsets. Gene ontology analysis revealed that differential gene expression involved in biological processes, including the G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway, intrinsic to membrane, cell junction and ion transport. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction was significantly enriched. The results offer a foundation for exploration of im...
Zhu-Mei Ren1,*, Xu Su2, Carol D von Dohlen3 and Jun Wen4,1,*
...ty, Jiangxi Province, China is described and illustrated from alate viviparous female. The new species differs from the other Nurudea species in the length and proportion of antennal segments, the structure of antennal secondary sensilla, and the flower-like shape of the galls that are formed on its primary host. Its primary host plant is Rhus hypoleuca, whereas other Nuru...
Muhammad Sarfraz*, Shahida Hasnain
...d E. coli; preliminary screening for AmpC beta-lactamase production was done by cefoxitin disc followed by inhibitor based confirmatory method. Antibiogram was performed following CLSI guidelines 2013. Of 11,725 clinical specimens, 29 % were culture-positive. 80% K. pneumoniae and 70% E. coli showed resistance to cefotaxime or ceftazidime. Only63% K. pneumoniae and 58% E. coli and were resistant (<18 mm) to FOX. Phe...
Muhammad Khalid1,2 and Muhammad Naeem2*
...gn: justify;">Proximate analysis implies percent composition of moisture, protein, lipids and carbohydrates. The purpose of this study was to affirm the proximate composition and nutritious status of Ctenopharyngodon idella. Standardized methods were used to determine the proximate composition of 72 samples. On wet weight basis, mean percentage for water was 80.76 %, ash 3.40 %, 4.31 % for fat and 11.53 % for protein in C. idella. Percent water contents showed...
Fiaz Ahmad1, Mumtaz Hussain2, Ghulam Abbas1, Muhammad Jawad Asghar1 and Muhammad Rizwan3*
Md. Abu Affan1,*, Abdulmohsin Al-Sofyani1, Adnan Jaman Turki2 and Mohammed S.B. Hariri3
...lesion and reddish sanguinary. The water temperature (°C), DO, salinity and pH varied from 24.8 to 26.2 (°C), 0.10 to 0.35 mg/L, 7.41 to 18.77 ppt and 7.31 to 7.64, respectively. Water column microalgal cell abundance varied from 78×103 to 147×103cells/L, with an average of 97.2×103 cells/L. The abundance of microalgae in gut was 137.30×103, 105.30×103 and 204.14×...
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...n a grower’s field naturally infested with Meloidogyne incognita in Layyah District. Six okra genotypes, including 19,224; 19,235; Pusa Swami; Ikra-1; Ikra-2; and Sabzperi China Red, were selected from our previous study according to their galling index and level of susceptibility. These genotypes were used as test genotypes for the interaction between M. incognita and the entomopathogenic fungus, Leca...
Qudsia Yousafi1,*, Muhammad Afzal2, Muhammad Aslam3 and Allah Ditta Abid4
...injal (Solanum melongena L.) is a very important crop in Southeast Asia. It is attacked by several insect pests, but brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB), Leucinodes orbonalis G. is the most important insect pest attacking almost all the plant parts except roots. The effect of removal of BSFB infested brinjal shoots and use of light trap was studied for management of this ins...
Wei Meng1,3, Tianyan Yang2,*, Yunguo Liu1, Mahmut Halik1 and Tianxiang Gao2
...o subfamily Schizothoracinaeis a rare and endangered aboriginal fish in Xinjiang. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genomes of G. dybowskii from Tarim River system (16, 677bp) and Ili River system (16, 667bp) were sequenced. Besides, their genetic characteristics were also identified and compared simultaneously. Genetic distance and sequence differentiation suggested that great genetic variation existed within...
Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1,*, Ibrahim A. Alhidary1, Gamaleldin M. Suliman1,2, Abdullah H. Alyemni3, Mohamed Y. Al-Saiady3, Faisal A. Alshamiry1,Mohsen M. Alobre1 and Riyadh S. Aljumaah1
...ompared with the traditional feeding, on growth rate, carcass and meat quality measurements of growing lambs. Twenty growing lambs, 3 month old, were selected and randomly distributed to four different treatments as a complete randomized design as follow: Barley grain and alfalfa hay (BA); TMR1 (25.67% NDF; low level); TMR2 (30.88% NDF; medium level-recommended); TMR3 (55.93% NDF; high level). A significantly higher (P<0.05) average daily gain and lower val...
Syed Aun Muhammad1, Muhammad Soaib Said2, Shams Ur Rehman2, Muhammad Dawood2, Muneer Ahmed Qazi3 and Nighat Fatima2,*
... In this study, we illuminate the binding mode of pimarane diterpenes (diaporthein A and diaporthein B) to the NMD-1 by molecular docking. A computational ligand-target docking approach was used to analyze structural complexes of enzyme target with diaportheins. Auto Grid model showed the most energetically favorable binding mode of natural compounds to ...
Ai Guo1,2,3, Jiaguang Xiao4, Binbin Shan4, Tianxiang Gao5 and Yongdong Zhou3,*
...m repeats. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on 13 concatenated mitochondrial protein-coding genes from 8 Coilia mitochondrial genomes. The results supported that C. lindmani at first clustered with C. nasus and C. grayii which had close relationships (d=0.028), then clustered with C. mystus which exhibited obvious genetic differentiation between ...
Dilshad Ahmad1*, Muhammad Irfan Chani1 and Muhammad Afzal2
...ose of this study is to analyze the impact of formal Agricultural Credit on Agricultural Output (AGGDP). The relationship among agricultural output and agricultural formal credit, cropped area, labor force participating in the agriculture sector, trade openness has been quantified through various econometric approaches in the study. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bound testing approach has been applied to analyze the ...
Fazal Munsif1, Muhammad Zahid1, Muhammad Arif2, Kawsar Ali3 and Ijaz Ahmad1
...t-align: justify;">Sustainable sugarcane productivity is among the challenges in the era of climate change and food security. Planting dates being an ecological factor can be utilized for allowing cane cultivation in different cropping patterns. The losses in yield due to reduction in crop cycle or delay planting can be compensated by increasing the cropping intensity on same field. A field experiment was carried out during the year 2015-16 at Palatoo Research...
Mohammed Zaki Fathy*
...arameters and cardiopulmonary parameters in xylazine pre-medicated Baladi Egyptian donkeys. Eighteen apparently healthy donkeys were divided into two equal groups. All animals were injected with xylazine HCl 2% (1.0mg/Kg) as pre-medication drug intravenously. Then in the first group (G1), was injected by the propofol (2mg/Kg intravenously) while in the second group (G2), was injected with ketamine HCl (2.2mg/Kg intravenously). The onset, duration, and recovery...
Raphael Olanrewaju Babatunde, Adeyemi Esther Omoniwa and Miriam Ukemenam
... collected using questionnaire and were analyzed using the Gini-coefficient and the Ordinary Least Square method. The result showed an overall gini-coefficient for gender inequality in schooling of 0.35, with the value for boys and girls at 0.35 and 0.49 respectively. Mother’s education, age of the household heads, marital status, dependency ratio, farm size and the average time spen...
Shahen Shah1*, Manzoor Hussain1, Arshad Jalal1, Mohammad Sayyar Khan2, Tariq Shah1, Muhammad Ilyas1 and Muhammad Uzair3
..."text-align: justify;">Management of nutrients has a great impact over the yield and quality of crops as well as soil health. An experiment was performed to investigate the impact of nutrients management and application time over the yield and yielding attributes of wheat at the Agronomy Research Farm in the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan during winter 2014-15. The experiment was designed in RCBD with split pl...
Irfan Ali Sabir1, Saeed Ahmad1*, Muhammad Nafees2, Ahmad Sattar Khan1, Maryam3 and Ishtiaq Ahmad2
...selected to collect and analyze fruit morphological data under randomized complete block design (RCBD). There was significantly high fruit weight and pulp contents in ‘Kensington Pride’. Total soluble solids (TSS) were higher (21.9 B°) in ‘Chaunsa’, while, titratable acidity (TA) was lowest in ‘Lambay Alfansu’ and ‘Momi-K’. However, reducing sugars (RS) (4.83%), non-reducing sugars (NRS) (16.38%) and total su...
Sadiqa Begum1, Murad Khan2* and Noor Pao Khan1
...conomic and comparative analysis of wheat crop. Furthermore, two villages were selected from each district i.e. Lakarai and Barbar Opazai of district Peshawar and Khawo and Shamshad Abad of district Mardan. A questionnaire was used to collect data proportionately from 93 sample respondents. Budget allocation technique is used for calculation of cost, revenue and profit and dummy approach i...
Muhammad Amir Maqbool1*, Muhammad Aslam1, Waseem Akbar2, Muhammad Waheed Anwar3 and Ehtisham Shakeel Khokhar1
...f three crops which were named as PIP-A and PIP-B. NIPs clustered into six subgroups which were named as NIP-1, NIP-2, NIP-3, NIP-4, NIP-5, and NIP6. TIPs and SIPs were scattered in four groups and entitled as TIP-1, SIP-1, TIP-2, SIP-2, TIP-3, SIP-3 and TIP-4 respectively. Collective phylogenetic tree was constructed for all of MIPs which showed that PIPs, TIPs, NIPs and SIPs of all of three crops clustered in respective gr...
Muhammad Haroon Hullio1,4, Abdul Ghani Lanjar2, Abdul Rahman Dhuyo3, Imran Khattri4 and Agha Mushtaque Ahmed4*
... province including Larkana, Jacobabad and Badin were selected. The study was based on a sample of 25 tillers covering all area from an acre in order to record the pest population randomly. Later, the pest population was also recorded at particular stages of rice (tillering, milking and booting) with effect of abiotic factors (temperature and relative humidity). In last, the varietal screening of 30 local rice varieties in term of pest population was observed....
Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Composition of Freshwater Mussels, Anodonta pseudodopsis and Unio tigridis
Hülya Şereflişan and Beyza Ersoy Altun*
...ing the relative nutritional value of seafood oil.Leucine and lysine were the most important proportions of the essential amino acids, and tryptophane was the minor one. The ratio of essential/non essential (E/NE) amino acids was determined as 0.37 for A. pseudodopsis and 0.34 for U. tigridis. Hence, these mussels are reliable sources of nutrition to cover amino acid requirements of human.
...
Safia Rehman1, Nazish Mazhar Ali1,*, Gerald B. Pier2, Iram Liaqat1 and Bushra Mazhar1
...resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major barrier to successful treatment of infection. Additional and novel measures to control this pathogen are needed, along with contemporary information about antibiotic resistances that are present in isolates from different environments. In the present study 72 samples from blood, 43 from sputum, and 19 were obtained from tracheal aspirates patients suffering from chronic ...
Zisha Liu1, Na Song1, Takashi Yanagimoto2, Zhiqiang Han3, Bonian Shui3 and Tianxiang Gao3,*
...ngement and codon usage analyzed. Phylogenetic Bayesian and ML analyses were conducted, using a concatenated set of 12 protein-coding genes, and adding 16 other species of gobies (Gobiidae). The mitogenome sequences of O. lacepedii, O. rebecca and Odontamblyopus sp. were all circular double-strand molecules, 17245 bp, 17009 bp and 17004 bp long, respectively. Compared ...
Habib-ur-Rehman1*, Saima Mirza1*, Mansoor-ul-Hasan2, Qurban Ali3, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir4, Muhammad Yasir5
...ne separately. Periodic analysis for the repellent effects was carried by impregnating each filter paper (half-disc of filter papers) with micropipette at three concentrations (5, 10 and15%) of each of the plant extract. The repellence was recorded after 24, 48 and 72 h of the treatments application. The findings of experimental trials presented significant mean repellency 79.15% of T. castaneum (with methanoli...
Farah Rauf Shakoori1,*, Tanzeela Riaz2, Uzma Ramzan1, Anum Feroz1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori2,3,*
...n pest, Trogoderma granarium. The LC50 values of esfenvalerate for 4th and 6th instar larvae of Phosphine and deltamethrin-susceptible population was 34.29 and 28.05ppm, respectively, while 39.30 and 32.67ppm were for the 4th and 6th instar larvae of Phosphine and deltamethrin-tolerant population, respectively. The sub lethal dose of esfenvalerate (LC20) significantly decreased the conten...
Hafiz Manzoor Ahmad1,*, Hamad Bin Rashid1, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Asim Khalid Mahmood1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Muhammad Rafi Ullah2 and Usman Ghani1
...usage of anesthetic combinations. This study was aimed at comparative evaluation of two anesthetics combinations viz. ketamine-xyalzine (K+X) and ketamine-xylazine-diazepam (K+X+D). A total of 20 ducks presented at pet center University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore were divided into 2 equal groups each carrying 10 birds. The birds were monitored for various physiological...
Adem Aksoy1, Yakup Erdal Ertürk2, Selim Erdoğan3, Ecevit Eyduran3 andMohammad Masood Tariq4,*
...rs and Erzurum), educational level, membership status of enterprise to an association of beekeepers (member and nonmember), other activities except for beekeeping (yes and no), number of full beehives, bee race (Caucasian, Carniolan, Italian and Crossbred), and frequency of changing queen bee. MARS outperformed multiple linear regression, and CART in honey yield per hive. No solution for CHAID was generated. In CART algorithm, the highest honey yield per hive ...
Jam Ghulam Mustafa Sahito1*, Tajwer Sultana Syed1, Ghulam Hussain Abro1 and Inayatullah Rajper2
...ndrinum L.) and conventional IPM on population of sucking insect pests of cotton during 2013. The population of sucking insect pests i.e., Bemesia tabaci, Amrasca biguttula biguttula and Scirtothrips dorsalis was recorded on weekly basis cotton grown with both green manure and IPM treatments. The green manure treatments suffered comparatively higher population of B. tabaci (0.83±0.09) and S. dorsalis (3.43±0.47) than IPM treatment with population...
Muhammad Sajid Mahmood1*, Muhammad Ashraf1, Ijaz Ahmad2, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar3, Sohail Latif4 Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar5 and Waqas Ahmad6
...xtract alone and in combination with low doses of pendimethalin (pre-emergence) for weed control in mungbean during summer season, 2009. The treatments were: Control (weedy check), Hand weeding (30 and 45 DAS), Pendimethalin herbicide @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 (recommended dose), Barley W.E. @ 12 L ha-1 (20, 30, 40 and 50 DAS), Barley W.E. + pendimethalin @ 12 L ha-1 + 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1, Barley W.E. + pendimethalin @ 12 L ha-1 + 0.75 kg a.i. ha-1, Barley W.E. + pendim...
Muhammad Mobashar1, Muhammad Tahir1, Shahbaz Javaid2,*, Muhammad I. Anjum2, Insha Gul3, Nazir Ahmad1 andAbdul Sami1
Saima Siddiqui1*, Ghulm Hussain Abro1, Tajwar Sultana Syed1 and Abdul Sattar Buriro2
Kiran Aqil1, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan2, Asim Aslam2, Aqeel Javeed5, Rizwan Qayyum1, Farooq Yousaf,1 Farkhanda Yasmeen1, Muhammad Luqman Sohail3 and Sajid Umar4,*
...div>Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an important viral disease of sheep, goat and other small ruminants, imparting substantial economic losses. In current study, antiviral activity of six dilutions of Nigella sativa (N. sativa)alcoholic extracts against the PPRV was investigated in vitro. Vero cell lines infected with PPRV were treated with six dilutions alcoholic extracts of N. sativa (200, 100, 50,...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2,*, Rashid Mushtaq1, Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2, Sumaira Maqsood3, Ishita Ahuja4 and Atle M. Bones4
...m infected larvae fed on natural cotton crops. The NPV was isolated from the larvae and viral occlusion bodies (VOBs) were detected using a light microscope. The toxicity of native isolates against S. litura also studied by testing different concentrations (1 x 102 POB (Polyhedral occlusion bodies) mL-1- 1 x 1010 POB mL-1) from the occlusion bodies produced from NPV isolates...
Xiaqing Chen, Yü Huang and Zhen Huang*
...cleromitrula shiraiana is a fungal pathogen that attacks mulberry fruits and causes disease named as “popcorn disease”. Many Trichoderma spp. produce a series of antibiotic metabolites that can inhibit plant pathogens. Trichoderma hamatum isolated from infected mulberry fruits was evaluated for its efficiency to suppress plant pathogen S. shiraiana
Ghulam Abbas1, Khalid Pervez Akhtar1, Muhammad Ahsan2, Muhammad Jawad Asghar1, Fiaz Ahmad1 and Muhammad Rizwan3*
...ash interspecific recombinants. In this study, 72 mung × mash interspecific recombinant genotypes and a susceptible mungbean variety Mung Kabuli were screened against Yellow Mosaic Disease (YMD) using disease severity ratings by visual scoring of symptoms to calculate percent disease index (PDI). Tested recombinants responded differently to the disease. None of the tested genotypes w...
Dan Yü, Chuchu Li, Yü Huang and Zhen Huang*
... hamatum and difenoconazole alone or its combinations against S. sclerotiorum. The results showed that T. hamatum could infect and destroy the mycelia and sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum by mycoparasitism. The cell-free culture supernatant and ethylacetate extracts from T. hamatum inhibited mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum, with EC50 value o...
Arifa Mehreen1, Iram Liaqat2,Muhammad Arshad3, Muzzamil Waheed4 and Najma Arshad1,*
... pathogen,using conventional microbiological and molecular methods. The agar disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility. Virulence-associated genes were detected using PCR while association analysis was used to test the likelihood of strains carrying combinations of genes involved in toxin production and/or host immune evasion. Highest resistance was observed ...
Binbin Shan, Yan Liu, Changping Yang, Shengnan Liu and Dianrong Sun*
...le transcriptome of Penaeus penicillatus from four combined tissues (eyestalk, muscle, intestinal and viscus) using High-seq sequencing technology. A total of 65,703,216 high-quality clean reads were generated to produce 27,850 non-redundant transcripts with a mean length of 918 nt using Trinity and Tgicl software. For homological alignment, 13,083 unigenes had significant hits in Nr database. And then, 10,467 unigene...
Adem Aksoy1, Yakup Erdal Ertürk2, Ecevit Eyduran3 and Mohammad Masood Tariq4,*
...efine vital factors on final fattening live weight (FFW) on cultural beef cattle enterprises from Eastern region of Turkey. Predictive performances of Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) and Chi-Square Interaction Detector (CHAID) were evaluated comparatively in the definition of significant factors and interaction effects between the factors. Before the definition process, the data on socio-economic (age, province, educatio
Ali Karabayir1,*, Nazan Arifoğlu2 and Mustafa Öğütcü3
...-Chloro-Paratoluenesulphonamide trihydrate) addition into drinking water on the growth performance of three different chicken strains, Plymouth Rock, Australorp and Village (local mix-breed village chickens) was evaluated in the present study. Supplementation of disinfectant clearly improved the microbiological quality of chicken drinking water, by reducing the total bacteria, coliform and E.coli counts. On the other hand, disinfectant addition decrease...
Ali Sher1*, Khalid Naveed1, Gulzar Ahmad2, Ayub Khan1, Muhammad Saeed1 and Shah Masaud1
... fertilization thus combination of the 150 kg ha-1, 3 kg Zn ha-1 and 1 kg Fe ha-1 is recommended for improving biomass and leaf area. Further studies are recommended to understand the mechanistic approach of such improvement. ...
Iqra Arooj1,* and Shahida Hasnain2
...lar diseases such as coronary heart disease (CHD) are a growing health concern in developing and under-developed countries. Some of their risk factors are smoking, obesity, diabetes, family history, high blood pressure etc. Previous genome wide association studies have identified association of large number of loci with risk of CHD in different populations. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of 6q25.1/rs6922269 and 9p21.3/rs1333049 loci...
Muhammad Ishfaq1*, Nadeem Akbar1, Imran Khan1, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum1, Usman Zulfiqar1, Muhammad Ahmad1, Mumtaz Ahmad2 and Muhammad Umer Chattha1
....9 days) respectively. Final emergence count (177.3 m-2), Plant height (71.6 cm) at physiological maturity, and opaque kernel (13.7%) were maximum while weed density and weed biomass was minimum in S2 (11.25 cm row spacing) treatment. Statistically, maximum productive tillers (296.8 m-2), numbers of grains per panicle (93.7), 1000-grain weight (19.4 g), paddy yield (3.5 t ha-1) and harvest index (34.3%) were recorded in S3 treatment. Percentage of sterile spik...
Naeem Ahmad1,* and Zulqurnain2*
... niloticus) which is native to Africa, has been adopted as an important aquaculture fish worldwide in last few decades. Selection of the suitable strain for farming is always a critical decision for farmers. The purpose of the present study was to compare the growth performance of two GIFT strains (GIFT-Th, imported from Thailand; GIFT-Tw, obtained from a local hatchery) in two earthen ponds, fed with commercially available feed. Similar feeding regime and...
Gokhan Sahin1, Ecevit Eyduran2,*, Mete Turkoglu3 and Fatma Sahin2
...>. coefficient of determination (0.994 and 0.996 R2 for Hd and Hm), Generalized Cross Validation (0.000038 and 0.024024 GCV for Hd and Hm), Cross-Validation R2 (0.974 and 0.967 CVR2 for Hd and Hm), Residual Sum of Squares (0.00046 and 0.28829 RSS for Hd and Hm) and Standard Deviation Ratio (0.078 and 0.063 SDRATIO for Hd and Hm) were calculated for penalty= -1 in the package &ldquo...
Shoukat Ara1, Sheikh Adil2,*and Manzoor Ahmad Khan3
...production, various external and internal egg parameters under different treatments were statistically non-significant (p>0.05). In conclusion, Azolla is beneficial at lower levels in improving the performance of grower chicken but had no effect on the number of eggs laid. Further, Azolla inclusion in the diet showed an improvement in the shell quality of eggs which could prove beneficial in decreasing the i...
Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus1*, Olabode Mayowa Peter2, Muhammad Adamu Abbas3 and Mohammed Dauda Goni4
...reus posed a major veterinary and public challenge worldwide. S. aureus being a highly versatile pathogen can quickly acquire resistance genes. The development of resistance in bacteria predates the era of antibiotic use. However, resistance developments in S. aureus have been reported since the early 1940-ties, when penicillin resistant S. aureus was first reported. Ever since, this pathogen has gain global notoriety as the most common cause of nosocomial, co...
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2 and Mujahid Iqbal3
...ar technology for dissemination of information regarding Macrosiphum miscanthi, attack on wheat crop by mobile phone. A sample size of 60 farmers was selected by systematic sampling technique using the available list of the farmers provided by Agricultural Extension Department. The respondents were than randomly assigned into two groups, one group was comprised of experimental group (to whom a set of advisory instructions were sent by mobile phone) and other w...
Rida Zainab1, Sana Elahi1, Afshan Kaleem2,*, Daniel C. Hoessli3, Mehwish Iqtedar2, Roheena Abdullah2, Faiza Saleem2, Shanza Khan1, Anusha Ijaz1, Shagufta Naz2 and Abdul R. Shakoori4,5,*
...erson suffers from emotional and intellectual disturbances. First generation antipsychotics for Schizophrenia were replaced with by second generation ones with less side-effects like Parkinsonism and Hyperprolactinemia. A novel, computer-based drug designing technique, has emerged to develop more efficient drugs. One of the computational methods becoming increasingly popular to develop new drugs is relying on Pharmacophores....
Junaid Akhtar1,2, Sidrah Saleem1, Naveed Shahzad3, Abdul Waheed1, Iqra Jameel1, Farhan Rasheed4 and Shah Jahan5,*
...ining antibiotics predominantly carbapenems, are considered as last treatment option against multi-drug resistance GNR infections. However, the emergence of carbapenemases particularly metallo β-lactamases (MBLs) in bacteria have severely mitigated the efficiency of carbapenems. MBLs producing gram-negative bacteria have been reported from various hospital settings, worldwide. However, data is lacking in Pakistan regarding their frequency particularly amo...
Aftab Khan, Shahid Ali, Syed Attaullah Shah and Muhammad Fayaz
... was collected from Regional Metrological Department, Peshawar. Cross sectional Ricardian Model was used to estimate the effect of temperature and precipitation on net revenue. Results of the study revealed that temperature has positive effect and temperature square has negative effect on net revenue at 10% and 5% level of significance, respectively. This means that net revenue from maize crop increases initially, as tempera...
Ashraf Khan1*, Suliman Shah2, Maid Zaman3 and Komal Habib2
...n citrus psylla, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is considered to be the most noxious pest of almost all species and varieties of citrus and its infestation found throughout the world. It is becoming serious threat to the brightening future of citrus growing areas of Pakistan. Thirteen different insecticides were usedfor effective control against citrus psylla under field conditions. Population density of pest was recorded as number of adults per branch. Efficacy o...
Muhammad Faheem Jan1*, Asad Ali Khan1, Waqas Liaqat1, Haseeb Ahmad1, Muhammad Dawood Ahmadzai1 and Wazir Rehan2
...s is necessary for sustainable crop productivity. Field trial was performed at Agronomy Research Farm of The University of Agriculture Peshawar during summer 2016. Two factors were studied i.e. hybrids (DK-Garanon, Pioneer-3025, WS-666, and Pioneer-3164) and potassium ratios (Organic vs inorganic). The organic source includes poultry manure (PM) while inorganic source includes sulphate of potash (SOP). Potassium (K) was applied to field in such an arrangement ...
Iqbal Javed1*, Amar Razzaq2, Mudassar Yasin3, Muhammad Ali Imran4, Haroon Javaid5, Iftikhar Nabi6, Anum Sardar1 and Shahbaz Ahmad7
...hare of livestock in the national gross domestic product is about 11 %. Pakistan is at number twelve in exports of the mutton according to the estimation of 2015. Although Pakistan’s meat industry is performing well however, there is more potential in the sector of livestock and hence for the exports of meat to all over the world. The study in hand is designed to explore the current performance and competiveness of mea...
Madiha Naz1, Qudrat Ullah Khan1*, M. Jamil Khan1, Obaid Ullah Sayal2, Asim Afridi3 and Aziz Ullah Sayal3
...quality depends on the management practices. Tomato attributes were studied under controlled condition using manures and pressmud incombination with foliar spray of macro-nutrients and naphthalien acetic acid (NAA) and compared with inorganic soil applied fertilizers. The results of the study showed significantly highe...
Dilara A. Bukhari1,*, Naureen Fatima1 and Abdul Rehman2
...B.t. serover Indiana, and B.t. serover kurstuki. The toxicity bioassays with B.t. spores proved that seven B.t. isolates harboring cry11 gene (viz., NF B.t.,1,2,3,4,5,6,7) were toxic to 3rd instar larvae of mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Among seven B.t. isolates, three isolates NF5 B.t. 7.2, NF1 B.t. 1.1 and NF2 B.t. 4.2 were found most toxic which were isolate...
Nusrat Habib1*, Asim Zubair2 and Aisha Siddiqua3
...o find out to the determinants of sunflower area and yield in districts Swabi and Mardan of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during 2016. The study was conducted in two selected districts through purposive sampling for 100 farms in different locations of selected districts. The objective of the study was to estimate determinants of sunflower area and yield in the study area. To determine the role of different factors that were affecting t...
Muhammad Khan1,*, Amara Maryam2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1 and Yongming Li3,*
... Baohuoside I (BHS-1), a natural flavonol glycoside inhibits BaP-induced A549 lung cancer metastasis by modulating the expressions of p-STAT3, COX-2, MMP-2, MMP-9, E-cadherin and N-cadherin. Moreover, we found that chronic BaP exposure promoted migration without enhancing the proliferation of cells and BHS-I was equally toxic to both BaP-treated and untreated A549 cells. Taken together, the data of present study indicate that BHS-I not only inhibits metastasis...
Saif Ullah and Mohammad Akmal*
...kg ha-1 is the best combination for soils remained with cereal crops in cultivation to plant with sunflower good quality of oil and protein. ...
Safina Naz1, Muhammad Akbar Anjum1, Saeed Akhtar2, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi3* and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4
...the production of contaminated food which exerts serious health risks to the humans. In the present study, edible portions of five vegetables viz., okra, tomato, spinach, carrot and cauliflower, grown with canal, tubewell and sewage irrigation water, were assessed for their proximate (moisture, ash, protein and fiber) and heavy metal (Pb, Ni, Cu, Cd, Fe and Cr) contents. Significant differ...
Muhammad Javed Iqbal and Muhammad Naeem*
...xt-align: justify;">External morphometric studies along with Length-weight relationships (LWRs) were carried out for five groups of juvenile Labeo rohita fed with various protein: Energy ratios; fish meal (T0), 25%CP (Crude proteins) (T1), 30%CP (T2), 35%CP (T3) and 40%CP (T4). Experiment was designed to replace enriched fish meal diets with cheaper plant origin crude protein diets in fish culture. A total of 15 aquaria having 20 samples each were arranged in ...
Safina Naz1, Khushbo Hussain1, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar2* and Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi3
...alicylic acid (SA), combination of Naphthalene Acetic Acid & salicylic acid and orange oil extract on physical and chemical parameters gave significant response. NAA promotes vine length upto 12.66 feet while chlorophyll content was 72.50 SPAD Value, while fresh weight of leaves is 5.1g, dry weight is 0.41g, while fresh weight of fruit is 121.66 g and fruit length is 14.11 cm. Salicyli...
Shabana*, Saleem Ullah Shahid and Shahida Hasnain
...x matched controls were analyzed for lipid profile (Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL-c, LDL-c and VLDL). The results showed that Pakistani obese patients are hyperlipidemic except for HDL, which is low in obesity. The anthropometric traits were significantly different between dyslipidemic obese subjects and nondyslipidemic non obese subjects. In conclusion, obesity is accompanied by a dyslipidemic profile and increased weight and/or BMI. The progression o...
Shafaq Fatima*, Sumrin Sahar and Khalid Lone
...dy investigated the seasonal variations in gonadosomatic index (GSI) and profiles of sex steroids such as testosterone (T), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), estradiol-17β (E2), cortisol (C), progesterone (P) and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17α-HP) during annual reproductive cycle under semi-arid climate conditions. GSI increased during March concomitant with gradual increase in levels of T, P and 17&alph...
Haroon Rashid1,*, Khushi Muhammad1, Masood Rabbani1, Muhammad Sarwar Khan1, Tasleem Ghori2, Mamoona Chaudhry3, Hamad Bin Rashid2, Muhammad Zubair Shabbir1, Muhammad Hamid Chaudhary4, Muhammad Asad Ali1, Mian Muhammad Khubaib Sattar5, Javed Muhammad1 and Bhushan Jayarao6
.../div>...
Imran Taj1,*, Ferhat Abbas1, Zafar Ahmad1, Mohammad Kamran Taj1, Deedar Ahmad2, Zahoor Ahmed2, Ghulam Mohammad2, Ajaz-ul-Haq1, Farooq Shahzad1 and Sabiha Azam3
... type D in small ruminants. A total of 204 fecal samples were collected from sheep and goats suffering from seasonal diarrhea. C. perfringens type D was identified through different biochemical tests and PCR. Antibiograms and lab animal trials were also carried out on local isolates of C. perfringens type D. Out of 204 analyzed samples, 89.18 % were found positive while 1...
In-vitro Anticancer Activity of Copper (II) and Zinc (II) Complexes with Derived Schiff Base Ligands
Qaisar Jamal1,Salman Ahmad1, Nazma Habib Khan1, Sobia Wahid1, Muhammad Ikram2, Sadia Rehman2, Syed Basit Rasheed1 and Akram Shah1,*
...(E)-[(2- {[(Z)-(2-hydroxynapthyl) methylidene]amino} phenyl)imino] methyl}phenol) Copper(II) and NM-4 (Tetrakis (2-{(E)-[(2- {[(Z)-(2-hydroxynapthyl) methylidene] amino}phenyl)imino]methyl} phenol) zinc(II)), against human THP-1 leukemia cell line in-relation to miltefosine (standard chemotherapy). Mean % inhibition for NM-3 against THP-1 was higher than NM-4, although both were less effective than miltefosine. IC50
Impacts of Climate Change on Livestock and Livestock Produces: A Case Study of Banke District, Nepal
Anish Shrestha* and Samata Baral
...astrophic mainly to marginal and remote areas. No sector, person or region is free from impacts of climate change and neither is livestock sector. This study was carried in Banke district to find out impacts of climate change on livestock and its productivities. Result showed that farmers perceived the climate change as change in rainfall pattern, rainfall duration, onset of the monsoon, and changes from summer and winter etc. Some farmers realized the change ...
Wajid Ali1,*, Asma Karim1, Muhammad Irfan2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3*, Ghulam Mustafa4, Zeeshan Shafique1, Ijaz Anwar1
...samples for biochemical analysis (blood glucose, cholesterol and total protein) and gills for histology were taken after 96 hrs. After acute exposure to pesticide, significant changes were observed in serum biochemistry and histology. Serum glucose and cholesterol were increased while total protein was decreased. Histopathological result reveled that gills of experimental fish was damage severely resulting Necrosis, Damaged nuclei , rupturing of epithelial cel...
Muhammad Abu Sufyan Ali, Syed Attaullah Shah*, Ghaffar Ali and Muhammad Fayaz
...tudy examined the determinants of farmland prices in central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan), using land transaction records for 2015-16. Results from Hedonic Pricing analysis show that location, environmental and agricultural characteristics of a farmland determine its price. Residential and commercial encroachment on fertile irrigated farmlands at urban fringe is alarming. More than half of the sampled transacted farmland pa...
Rahim Dad Brohi1,*, Amir Bukhsh Kalhoro1, Allah Bux Kachiwal1, Illahi Bux Kalhoro1, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro1, Sarfaraz Ahmed2, Farhan Anwar Khan3, Hira Sajjad Talpur1, Zia-ur-Rehman1 and Dinesh Bhattaria4
...nditions.
...
Lamiaa Elsayed Mokhtar Deef
...to the appearance of non-native species in an environment. The biometrics and molecular markers were used to confirm the identification of A. albiventris at the species level. In the current work 757 bp and 668 bp were identified as regions of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cyt b) and mitochondrial 12S rRNA genes, sequences of both genes were placed in the GenBank publication datab...
Faxiang Wang, Yan Chen, Sai Chen, Xianghong Li, Jian Yu, Jianhui Wang and Yongle Liu*
...and underwent conformational changes when stored at 4 °C, and significant changes of the proteins content, as shown by the SDS-PAGE fingerprint, was observed after 6 days of storage. Protein’s surface hydrophobicity and total SH content increased during the first 4 days and then decreased gradually up to 10 days. The Ca2+-ATPase activity of protein decreased gradually during the storage period. The high MW proteins easily degraded during t...
Qaisar Mehmood1*, Muhammad Riaz2, Maqbol Hussain Sail1 and Muhammad Moeen1
...ar regression model and analysis of variance techniques are used which show that variety, sowing mode, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorous fertilizer have significant effect on the wheat yield. Irrigation mode and weedisides spray also has much impact on the wheat yield. ...
Sana Rana1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2* and Khalid Abbas1
... of carnivorous fish Channa striata was observed. Fish were exposed to sub-lethal concentration (1/3rd of LC50) of DM+END mixture for 14-day. CAT was partially purified by using ammonium sulphate precipitation technique and kinetic characterization was also performed against different pH and temperature. CAT activity was measured spectrophotometrically at A240 nm. Results showed that highest CAT activity was noted from the crude extract of control fish gills (...
Safina Naz1, Muhammad Akbar Anjum1, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi2*, Bushra Siddique3 and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4
...ential proximate nutritional and mineral contents in edible parts of some vegetables. All the analyses were carried out by following the standard analytical procedures during 2014. The highest values for ash contents were detected in Abelmoschus esculentus (1.34 g/100g), moisture contents in Lycopericon esculentum (93.7%), protein in Spinacia oleracea (2...
Abdur Rehman1* and Shad Khan Khalil2
...stify;">Canola (Brassica napus L.) is a rich source of vegetable oil. Its production is often limited by shortage of water during reproductive stages. Salicylic acid, potassium nitrate and methanol are considered to induce drought tolerance in plants. Field trials were conducted at Agricultural Research Institute Tarnab, Peshawar-Pakistan to study the effects of moisture stress and foliar application of chemicals at differen...
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Bushra Hassan2, Nadeem Anwar2, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel3 and Shafique-ur-Rehman4
...ndent factors of educational opportunities, agri-business opportunities and training opportunities. The results were significant at 5% level of significance as F (3, 119) = 140.74; p< 0.05 and explained 78.4% of the variation in dependent factor of job opportunities for the respondents which is responsible for economic prosperity of rural communities. The results from second, third, fourth and fifth objectives respectively indicated that vocatio
Yang Liu1,2,3, Baimei Liu1,2,3, Chenchen Li1,2,3 and Meiwen An1,2,3,*
...rotein secretion of supernatant were tested using Q-PCR and ELISA method, respectively. Co-culture KM&FM under 3.4 kPa pressure enhanced typeIcollagen and type III collagen mRNA expression and protein secretion from KM. It however reduced typeIcollagen and type III collagen mRNA expression and protein secretion fro...
Haozhen Liu1, Xiangfu Li2, Yinong Wang1,*, Xun Liu3,4, Li Wang1, Dong Liu1, Chen Chen1, Jinjing Li1, Haifeng Jiao5 and Zhongjie You1,5
...robenthos in the East China Sea of Xiangshan and elucidate main environmental variables that shape their spatial patterns. The environment of the study area has significant spatial heterogeneity. Environmental variables of sediment and water column were studied to provide models for spatial patterns of macrobenthic assemblages. Result showed that most of variation in macrobenthic spatial patterns were explained by the studied environmental variables. Sedimenta...
Li Lv1, Liuan Li1,*, Ruibo Zhang1, Zhichao Deng1, Tianming Jin1 and Gaimei Du2
...g production of North China laying hens. Healthy 60-week-old hens (n = 160) were randomly divided into four experimental groups and fed a basal diet supplemented with selenium enriched yeast at differing levels: 0.0 mg/kg (control group), 0.3 mg/kg (low-dose group), 0.6 mg/kg (medium-dose group) and 1.2 mg/kg (high-dose group). Each experimental group had four cohorts and each cohort had 10 hens. Experimental diets were fed for 28 d and daily egg produc...
Xiaojie Ding, Xiling Sun, Zuien Wang, Qiusheng Zheng, Xiaofei Yu, Wenjin Hao, Kejun Wang, Wenjuan Xu and Zhengping Dong*
...l on the TLR4/9-NF-kB signaling pathway in rats with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). The model was established by means of acetic acid enema plus restraint stress. The rat fecal moisture content, fecal trait score, and abdominal wall withdrawal reflex (AWR) score were used to determine whether the model was successful. The effects of Wumei Pill on the TLR4/9-NF-kB si...
Raza Ullah Khan*, Ahmad Khan, Mohammad Zameer Khan, Fayyaz Hussain and Sonia Saba
...il or foliar or proportional combination thereof. Treatments consists of whole P applied as soil (PS =100%), foliar (Pf=100%) or different combination (PS75:Pf25, PS50:PF50, PS25:Pf75) to wheat grown in 5 kg soil in plastic container. Data on plant growth parameters (plant height, biomass and grain yield) was collected at the end of the experiment taking as an average of the three replicat...
Qiang Li1,2, Guo Qiao2, Li Wang1, Jipeng Zhang1, Ruijun Li1, Ping Ni1, Yi Guo1 and Shigen Ye1,*
...) in northeastern China from January to December in 2014. The main clinical signs included fin ulceration, skin darkness, hepatohemia and intestinal hydrops. Totally, 104 diseased live fish were collected and 70 strains isolated from naturally diseased T. rubripes. Most isolates were obtained in May, September and December. The isolates were identified through 16S rR
Şehriban Çek Yalnız 1,* and Erdal Yilmaz2
...by apoptosis, which is a natural occurring cause of cellular death. However, its function in fish is largely unknown. In order to discuss the possible role of apoptosis in fish ovarian follicular atresia and postovulatory regression, the pre and postovulatory follicles (POF) of the freshwater teleost, Clarias gariepinus were observed by light microscopy. The germinal vesicle and the cytoplasmic organelles of the oocyt...
Peng Xu1, Bin Liu1,2, Yongqiang Zhao3, Shicheng Lv3 and Changhu Lu1,*
...species protection and management. Here, based on the annual maximum population size of red-crowned crane wintering in Yancheng Nature Reserve (YNR) from 1981 to 2016, we tested the correlation between population size and the climate variables. The results showed that mean air temperature in wintering period showed a linear upward trend. Annual maximum wintering crane population was 623±33. Fitting the population size and the climate variables in the sa...
Amar Razzaq1, Abdur Rehman4*, Abdul Hassan Qureshi2, Iqbal Javed3, Raheel Saqib5 and Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal6
... the need for improved management of this diminishing resource to ensure high water productivity. In order to cope with this situation, it is imperative to make use of available water resources more efficiently through high-efficiency irrigation systems (HEIs). The present study aimed to conduct the economic analysis of high efficiency irrigation systems in Punjab province of Pakistan. We also measured and compared the water...
Sajad Ali1*, Syed Asghar Ali Shah2, Jaffar Ali3, Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal4, Arshadullah Jadoon5 and Farmanullah6
...arses, categorize the scenario of socio-economic, methodical and marketing restraints faced by the farmers in augmenting and stimulating export of the country. The pea’s cultivators and also market agents were quizzed by using structured questionnaires in two related districts that is Haripur and Mansehra in the year 2013-14. The data were analyzed by using SPSS Package version 22 fo...
Soumble Zulfiqar1, Khuram Shehzad1, Sana Tahir1, Khalid A. Al-Ghanim2 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori1,2,3,*
...s studied at transcriptional level. Quantitative analysis through real time PCR demonstrated that the mRNA level increased enormously – up to 18.3 times - under copper induction. Time course study revealed a bimodal pattern of expression with two maxima, first at 15 min and second at 90 min exposure time. The role of CueO in copper detoxification a...
Saima Shahzad Mirza1,*, Hafiz Muhammad Qamer2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3,*, Rana Shoaib Akram4
...ployment, physical and financial health. This study was conducted at Kishwar Fazal Teaching Hospital Lahore in an OPD pediatrics. For this purpose, cross sectional survey data of 34 conservative mothers was analyzed, obtained by means of questionnaire. Initiation of weaning process at proper time is found to be somewhat fina
Ammara Afzal1, Tazmeen Fatima1, Maham Tabassum1, Muhammad Nadeem2*, Muhammad Irfan3, Quratulain Syed2
...oth strategies, SSF combination of T. viride and S. cerevisiae gave maximum ethanol production (3.88%) after 12 days of fermentation at 30˚C.
...
Nimra Naseer, Adeela Fatima and Imran Sajid*
...lla spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Proteus spp. In this study, a collection of nineteen actinomycetes strains isolated from Cholistan Desert, Pakistan, were screened biologically and biochemically for their potential bioactive secondary metabolites against MDR bacterial pathogens. The identification of strains was done by morphological, physiological and biochemical characterization and by 16SrR
Fan Shuli1*, Ameer Hussain Jarwar1,3, Xiaoyan Wang2, Long Wang1 and Qifeng Ma1
... major contribute in the national oil industry. According to an estimate per capita usage of edible oil in the country is 15 kg, this is even higher than the consumption in countries with same economic status of economical evolution. Overall requirements for this purpose in 2028–30 is estimated at approximately 5.30 million/tons from which domestic share could be only 1.99 million/tons. Generally, the genetically modif...
Merica Slišković1, Meta Povž2, Marina Piria3,*, Goran Jakšić4, Ana Gracanin5 andGorana Jelić Mrčelić1
...r meristic traits, were analysed. Fulton condition coefficient and LWR value indicated that sichel specimens’ were well adapted to the environmental conditions. Positive allometry in both males and females were observed (W = 0.004 L3.119). This represents the first LWR dataset for sichel. The morphometric and meristic traits values from this research add to the limited data that is presently available. By comparing historical and...
Asad Ullah1, Umar Sadique Khattak2, Sultan Ayaz1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2, Imad Khan1, Ibad Ullah Jan2, Irfan Khattak1, Raheela Taj3, Sahar Nigar4, Naimat Ullah Khan1,Mumtaz Ali Khan5 and Muhammad Luqman Sohail6,*
...iv>...
Qudrat Ullah1,*, Huma Jamil1, Zafar Iqbal Qureshi1, Muhammad Saqib2 and Heinrich Neubauer3
...isk factors in small ruminants kept at nine government livestock farms of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 1000 blood samples (500 each from goats and sheep) were collected from animals kept at the respective livestock farms. An indirect-Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (iELISA) was used to detect anti-C. burnetii antibodies in the serum. Serological analysis revealed overall flock-level sero-prevalence of 92.3% which va...
Zulqarnain and Zafar Iqbal*
...choderma harzianum, Alternaria solani and Pythium aphanidermatum showed growth inhibition (%) against the pathogen. Penicillium sp. showed maximum growth inhibition (63.85 ± 3.26 %) and its extract showed 9.20 ± 0.14 mm zone of inhibition at 1000 mg·L-1 against the Fusarium wilt. Based on its higher in vitro antifungal activity, in vivo screen house experiments were conducted. Plants given the treatment as Penicillium + Fusarium showed sli...
Bushra Qadir1, Muhammad Asim2 and Mohammad Akmal1*
...ties (i.e. UCD, Dura, Vernal and Cuf 101) whose seed were treated with overnight in bio-extracts solution made of perennial tree leaves. The study compares early growth performance of alfalfa varieties for forage biomass production. The seed was soaked overnight (14 h) in extracts made from dry powdered leaves of Bakayn (Azadir achtaindica), Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana) and water (H2O) and planted in pots on the next morning. T...
Bata Shalangwa Ishaku1*, Maimadu Abdullahi1, Dakwang Nalong1, Rengkat Jonah1 and Olabode Mayowa2
... justify;">A cross sectional abattoir based study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in pigs, sheep and goats at slaughter in Jos, Plateau State Nigeria. Five hundred (500) serum samples comprising of 300 pigs, 100 each of sheep and goats were collected and analyzed for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies (IgG) using latex agglutination test (LAT). Serum s...
Moorthy S. Muthuswamy
...nderlying theme and its enablers. This proposal further divides radicalization processes into primary and secondary ones; the former are identified with the onset of radicalization in a community, and the latter develop in communities with longstanding exposure to the phenomenon. A new analysis of a 2013 Pew Research Center report suggests that sharia’s popularity in a community can make religious leaders and their rad...
Hans Van Eyghen
...at three well-known explanations of how people form belief in spirits. They are: the Hyperactive Agency Detection Device, an explanation that points to the effect of infrasound, and an explanations that points to the effect of magnetic variance. I argue that the argument is not convincing because all three explanations are not sufficiently backed up by e...
Muhammad Israr1*, Saeed Ullah1, Shakeel Ahmad2, Asif Yaseen3, Urooba Pervaiz4 and Nafees Ahmad5
...he goals of future sustainability. The aims of this study was to measure the agriculture land degradation process in northern irrigated plains of Pakistan by studying the perceptions of the farmers about the different dimensions of agriculture LD with the construction of LD index. For achieving this primary data was collected by proportionate random sampling techniques form 90 sampled farmers through face to face interview s...
Abid Hussain1*, Muhammad Azeem Khan2, Muhammad Anjum Ali Buttar3, Umar Farooq4, Muhmmad Islam5 and Zahid Ullah Khan1
...osting Rs. 12 billion to national exchequer and total tax relief (all products inclusive) costing around Rs. 40 billion to the national exchequer, respectively. Thus, total financial implication of subsidy and tax relief is Rs. 52 billion. In the existing tax regime tax rates vary greatly from 3.55% (SSP) to 11.73% (NP...
Muhammad Luqman1, Raheel Saqib2*, Mujahid Karim1, Khalid Nawab2, Abdur Rehman3 and Muhammad Yaseen1
...tionship between educational status, income source and size of land holding and perceived poverty. It was very much easy to predict the poverty status (dependent variable) of respondents through their physical, financial and human assets/capitals (independent variables) ...
Arshad Iqbal1*, Syed Mehar Ali Shah1, Hidayat ur Rahman1, Faiza Aman2 and Aziz-ur-Rahman1
... from F5 rice cross combinations along with their 8 parents were planted in a randomized complete block design (RCB) having three replications at The University of Agriculture, Peshawar during 2016 rice crop growing season. Data were taken on some of the morphological traits like number of days to heading (days), number of days to maturity (days), flag leaf area (cm2), culm length (cm), panicle length (cm), primary branches panicle-1 (no.) and secondary panicl...
Song Jiang1,2, Fa-lin Zhou1, Qi-bin Yang1, Jian-hua Huang1, Li-shi Yang1 and Shi-gui Jiang1*
...black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) were investigated via the effects of thermal stress on superoxide anion (O2-) production, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione (GSH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration, as well as nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and nitric oxide (NO) concentration catalyzed by NOS. Based on biochemical analysis of the above, results showed that O
Yuan Li1, Liyan Zhang2, Karhoe Loh3, Ji Feng1, Xinqing Zheng1, Puqing Song1 and Longshan Lin1,*
...d along the coasts of China and Malaysia. The genetic diversity of all P. minor populations was moderate, and two major haplotype lineages were detected that were differentiated approximately 0.3 million years ago. These two haplotype lineages differed significantly in frequency distribution of Chinese and Malaysian populations, showing an imperfect geographical pedigree structure. Results of AMOVA also showed that the genetic differentiation was mainly...
Neelima Gupta
...recovered from the abdominal cavity, musculature and ovariesof Channa punctatus (prevalence 24%, intensity 2 to 18 per fish). Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were conducted to demonstrate the surface anatomy of the worm. The worm is slender, elongated and cylindrical. The mouth is slit-like, surrounded by two lateral rows of somatic papillae, cephalic end was conical wi...
Ocheme Julius Okojokwu1*, Maryam Bisola Adebayo2, Bashiru Shafa Abubakar3, Ibrahim Abubakar Yusuf2 and Joseph Aje Anejo-Okopi1
...cted from consenting pregnant women who were attending antenatal clinic in Abuja, Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on socio-demography and risk factors. The sera were obtained from samples were analyzed for IgG and IgM antibodies of human parvovirus B19 using SERION ELISA Classic Parvovirus B19 IgG/IgM kits. A total of 171 (52.5%...
Inzimamul Haq1*, Shahid Sattar1, Bashir Ahmed1, Qamar Zeb2 and Amjad Usman3
...in the integrated pest management of Chilo partellus in maize field, basic studies on the efficacy of some insecticides against Chilo partellus in Jalal variety of maize and selectivity for the bio-control agent, T. chilonis were carried out under field conditions at Agricultural Research Institute, Tarnab Peshawar during 2016. Treatments viz Proclaim (Emamectin benzoate® 1.9 EC) + T. chilonis, Confidor® (Imidaclopri...
Saeed Ahmad Shah Chishti1, Mudassar Iqbal1*, Nusrat Parveen1, Kashif Nadeem1, Muhammad Iqbal1, Umbreen Shahzad2, Rana Husnain Shabbir1 and Muhammad Najeebullah1
... trials and multi-locational trials from 2001 to 2014. Sarsabz gave higher green pod yield (8.52 t/ha) than existing pea varieties i.e. Pea-2009 (7.51 t/ha) and Meteor (6.86 t/ha) and Climax (6.94 t/ha) on average basis. It yielded 13 % more than better check (Pea-2009). The most distinguishing trait of this variety is its greater pod width (2.04 cm) than Pea-2009 (1.87 cm), Meteor (1.59 cm) and Climax (1.61 cm) and more No. of pods per plant. Sarsabz is 27 da...
Ali Muhammad*, Yasser Durrani, Majid Suhail Hashmi, Ihsan Mabood Qazi, Muhammad Ayub and Saifullah
...oteins have many nutritional and beneficial therapeutic properties, which are indispensable for the functional and nutritional properties of foods. The aim of the study was to neutralize whey by addition of NaOH (0.1 and 0.01N) and NaHCO3 (0.1 and 0.01N) for fortification and enrichment of foods. However, addition of these solutions results in an increase in total solids and ash content of...
Shaista Naz1*, Noor Paio Khan1, Naveed Afsar2 and Ashfaq Ahmad Shah3
...nstraints in livestock management have not been properly explored yet. To fill in the gap, the present research study was carried out to determine women’s participation in the types of livestock rearing, their livestock possession, participation in livestock activities, and the major faced constraints in livestock management in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of the country. For this, a sample size of 117 women respondents...
Asif Nawaz* and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
...ith the help of proportional allocation sampling method. Data from the respondents were collected through pretested and validated interview schedule. Data was analyzed using SPSS Ver.20. Mean, standard deviation, chi-square test and paired sample t-tests were calculated to achieve the study objectives. Results of the study revealed that Field Assistants were incompetent in competencies regarding record keeping on climate cha...
Monsif Ur Rehman1*, Hidayat-ur-Rahman1, Muhammad Iqbal2, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil1 and Zahir Shah3
...l as cost-effective alternatives to single-cross hybrids. This study was aimed at determining combining ability and grain yield performance of S1 lines derived from ten maize populations. These populations were crossed in half diallel design and the resulting 45 cross combinations were further explored for their use as source of elite inbred line development in a line × tester experiment conducted at Cereal Crops Resea...
Sher Nawab Khan* and Ghulam Hassan
... parameters. In diallel analysis highly significant dominant (b) and additive (a) genetic effects were detected for all the parameters except spikelets spike-1. Scaling test for the adequacy of the model was complete to partially adequate for the studied parameters. Similarly, both dominant (H) and additive (D) genetic components were observed significant for the studied characters. Modera...
Aneel Salman1, Muhammad Iftikhar ul Husnain1, Inayatullah Jan2*, Muhammad Ashfaq2, Mudassar Rashid1 and Usman Shakoor1
...opulation for their sustenance. Farmers’ perception about climate change, current adaptation measures, and decision-making process is important for farmers’ successful adaptation strategies. Using data of 205 conventional farmers from three district of Punjab province, this study provides insights into farmers’ perceptions about climate change, on-going adaptation practices, and constraints to various adapt...
Amjad Ali1, Abbas Ullah Jan1, Lal Almas2, Noor Piao Khan1 and Khurran Nawaz Saddozai1
...r to compete in the international market. At national level food group exports decline from 3,439.4 million US$ during 2015 to 3040.7 in 2016. Increase in productivity and efficiency has been the major concern for agricultural researchers and policy makers in Pakistan. In current study allocative efficiency of sugarcane growers in district Charsadda was ...
Ambrin Rajput*
...n fulfilling the nutritional requirements of human. Limited research has been done on chickpea concern with potassium (K) fertilizer application. A field study was carried out to determine the effect of K on chickpea using cultivar Benazir having three fertilizer treatments; 0:0:0, 30:75:0 and 30:75:30 kg ha-1 of N:P:K replicated thrice with randomized complete block design respectively. The experimental soil was clay loam i...
Mushtaq Hussain Lashari1*, Fozia Afzal1 and Umer Farooq2
...cken (Gallus domesticus) naturally infected with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). Blood samples of chicken (n=71), were collected from Cholistan areas of Bahawalpur (Punjab), Pakistan. Serum samples were tested for toxoplasmosis with a commercial latex agglutination kit (Antec Diagnostic products, UK). The overall prevalence was 26.76%. The significant (P<0.05) higher seroprevalence was observed in males (34.28%) than in fe...
Waqas Ali* and Mudasser Habib
...ts selection and evolutionary pathways are rare. In present study, 336 strains of serotype O (n = 178), A (n = 82) and Asia 1 (n = 76) were downloaded from NCBI database that mainly belonging to Pakistan, along with three vaccinal strains. Phylogenetic analysis (maximum likelihood) showed that lineages Pan Asia II, An Iran-05, and Group VII within serotype O, A and Asia 1 are causing major...
Mehwish Aftab, Tariq Mahmud*, Muhammad Asim Raza Basra, Aqsa Gulzar, Sumaira Basharat and H.M. Junaid
...ity against Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum. The metal (III) complexes are highly active under permissible limits.
...
Naila Chand1, Shamsullah1, Rafiullah1, Rifat Ullah Khan2, Muhammad Mobashar3, Shabana Naz4,*, Ebrahim Rowghani5 and Murad Ali Khan2
...ucidate the impact of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) on the growth performance, weight of lymphoid organs and intestinal histomorphology of broilers during starter phase. A total of 180 day-old broiler chicks were distributed into 3 treatments, designated as MOS-0, MOS-50 and MOS-100 having MOS at the rate of 0, 50 and 100 g/kg respectively. Each treatment was further replicated 3 times havin...
Kiran Aftab1,*,Muhammad Asim2, Muhammad Khalil Nawaz2, M. Adeeb Babar2, Muhammad Akbar Khan2 and Zaheer Ahmed3
Shagufta Naz*, Saima Sharif, Hafsa Badar, Syeda Fareeha Tauheed
...lantation. A cross-sectional, analytical study was carried out from August, 2015 to May, 2016 on and MCD patients were diagnosed by visiting different hospitals like, General Hospital, Al-Ehsan welfare Hospital, Mughal eye and Mayo Hospital with the help of ophthalmologist. The main purpose of such type of research was directed to find the prevalence of Macular corneal dystrophy in the families of Lahore. The techniques used...
Tahira Jamil*1, Mohammad Asghar1, Fatma Husain1, Haq Nawaz Bhatti2
...eat straw, rice straw, banana stalk) in SSF for 8 days. Among Pleurotus species (P. nebrodensis, P. sepidus, P. spodoecus), P. spodoecus expressed best statin formation i.e., 9.1±1.4 mg/g. Four physical parameters including temperature, pH, inoculums size and fermentation time (each at five levels) were optimized using central composite design (CCD) design in 30 triplicate experiment...
Mohsin Iqbal1, Farid Asif Shaheen1*, Farah Naz2, Muhammad Usman Raja2, Muhammad Fiaz3 and Muhammad Nadeem1
...liae and Beauveria bassiana were used as the bio-control agents against this economic pest and proved good alternatives to chemicals. Less number of eggs (2 per grain), more number of holes (8.3 per grain), less number of F1 adults (20.3 per jar) and more number of days (7) to 100% mortality of C. chinensis adults were recorded when chickpea grains were treated with the highest concentration of B. bassia
Fehmeeda Fatima, Asif Nadeem* and Maryam Javed
...ic diversity and evolutionary characteristics of Sindh ibex. In this research, samples of Sindh ibex were collected from Kirthar National Park, Sindh, Pakistan, the gene of interest was amplified, PCR products were sequenced and data was analyzed. The results of genetic diversity indicated that Parsimony informative sites were found to be 11 while Singleton variable sites were not detected...
Muhammad Babar Khawar1, Muddasir Hassan Abbasi2*, Zillay Mariam1, Nadeem Sheikh1,2*
...of organic and inorganic nature which can house a variety of pathogens. As it drains it pollutes the groundwater table and if used for irrigation purpose represents a major health risk not only to humans but also to local flora and fauna. The purpose of current research work was to analyze the toxicity of leachate in Wistar rats. Wistar rats of about 250g were selected and divided into thr...
Muhammad Zahid1, Aneela ZameerDurrani1, Muhammad Ijaz1, KhushiMuhammad1,Muhammad Usman1,*, Muhammad Husnain1 and Nadeem Kamal2
...t it was found that vaccinated animals showed very low prevalence, i.e. 4.39% as compared to non-vaccinated animals having 66.53%. Another risk factor age suggested that younger animals were more affected (60.17%) as compared to older ones (29.41%). It was also observed that animals in closed housing system were more affected as compared to open housed animals. When comparative efficacy of diagnostic tests was done th...
Mouslim Bara1,2,* and Luciano N. Segura3
...Water birds have traditionally been used as ecological indicators to monitor natural habitats and wetland changes. Climate is widely recognized as a major predictor of bird abundance and richness along large-scale environmental gradients, but mechanisms by which climate influences the bird abundance are still unknown. We analyzed seasonal variations on t...
Ashraf M. Mounir, A.N. El shahat* and A.M. Abdul Azeem
...t in MI.
...
Tahira Batool1*, Nabila Roohi1, Athar Mahmud2
...rd conditions of house management. For slaughter and carcass characteristics at the age of eighteen weeks, 72 birds including 18 from each variety with 6 from each group were randomly selected and slaughtered. The collected data were analyzed by statistical analysis system (SAS, 9.1) software through factorial Analysis of Variance technique (ANOVA) ...
Farah Mansha, Abdul Rehman*
...hree bacterial isolates, named as H1, H4 and M4, were selected on the basis of chitinase assay and diameter of zone of hydrolysis. All the isolates were identified as Bacillus sp. on the basis of biochemical tests, and showed optimum growth at 37°C and pH of 7. All the bacterial isolates showed highest enzyme activity at pH 7. Isolates H4 and M4 showed maximum enzyme activity at 55°C while H1 showed highest ac...
Asima Bano1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2, Hira Sherawat3, Muhammad Mutlib4, Muhammad Arshad5, Muhammad Akram Qazi6, Sajida Naseem5, Rabia Ishaq1, Iram Liaqat2
...s enzymes i.e., monooxygenases and glucathione S-transferases with breast cancer. For enzyme estimation plasma samples from the patients suffering from breast cancer and age matched healthy individuals (control) were collected. The results revealed decline in the level of these enzymes in breast cancer patients as compared to healthy individuals because of this decline the overall level of protein was also found to be decline. It is concluded from the study th...
Asma Sohail1*, Aina Rafique2, Kashif Sarfraz Abbasi1 and Maryum Arif3
...ial to be used as functional foods as they are potential source of antioxidants. Date powder also showed probable antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. Overall, results showed that freeze drying is the most effective method for gaining maximum antioxidant activity from date fruit powders. Antimicrobial activity and natural antioxidants in date fruit powder showed that it can be used as functio
Umair Riaz1*, Muhammad Ali Kharal2, Ghulam Murtaza3, Qamar uz Zaman4, Sana Javaid4, Hina Ahmed Malik3, Humera Aziz3 and Zafar Abbas1
...rient deficiencies, hormonal imbalances, ion toxicity as well as osmotic and oxidative anxiety. The most effective mechanism is the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites at cellular level which included organic compounds that help plants to cope with stress conditions by reducing the intensity of stress through enhancing antioxidants activities, detoxifying toxic ions, regulating the uptake of nutrients and by mediating the transport and distribution of differ...
Asma Sohail1*, Kashif Sarfraz Abbasi1, Maryum Arif2 and Fatima Najam1
...d and linolenic acid, lignans, minerals and various phytochemicals. Due to the presence of two unsaturated fatty acids, these oils can reduce their biological activity on heating, volatilization, and other parameters like oxidation and UV rays. This limits the commercial application of these oils. To overcome such problems encapsulation could be a gentle approach. Prior to encapsulation, oil extraction was done by using five different solvents including ethyl ...
Shoaib Nawaz1, Muhammad Razaq1, Zahid Mahmood Sarwar1*, Muhammad Sajjad1*, Syeda Aneeza Ubaid1, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar2 and Usman Haider1
... an important role in Ghanaians diet. Sucking pest jassid become major problem on okra in tropical and subtropical regions and cause heavy losses. Neonicotinoid insecticide, like nitenpyram was used on calendar basis and ETL basis. Data was recorded on weekly basis. In first week jassid population in control and ETL treatments was equal with non-significant difference between them while in calendar treatment population was significantly low. ETL and calendar b...
Saleh S. Alhewairini
...i>O. afrasiaticus. Finally, this study has provided a new acaricide that can be effectively used in controlling O. afrasiaticus. This includes the new approach of mixing Huwa-San TR50 with oxamyl which significantly increases its effectiveness against O. afrasiaticus. This approach can help not only in reducing control cost but also in reducing residual effects of acaricides on date fruits.
...
Muhammad Arshad*, Sabeeta Jan, Sundas Awan, Samra Azam, Shiguftah Khalid and Muahmmad Ayub Khan
...>RC (National Agricultural Research Centre), Islamabad during year 2015. Data were recorded on Days to flower initiation, Days to flower completion and Days to maturity, 100 seed weight, oil content percentage and Seed Yield. Results of ANOVA revealed that there is remarked variation among all hybrids under study for seed yield and other allied character while non-significant differences were observed for replications except days to flower initi...
Adem Aksoy1, Yakup Erdal Ertürk2, Ecevit Eyduran3 and Mohammad Masood Tariq4,*
...teria viz. determination coefficient (R2), adjusted coefficient of determination (R2ADJ), and Pearson correlation coefficient between the actual and the predicted values in the response trait handled. The greatest importance order was obtained for age at the end of grazing period (100%), followed by weight at the end of grazing period, weaning age, birth weight and grazing period. To o...
Muhammad Latif2, Muneer Abbas1*, Faisal Hafeez2 and Dilbar Hussain2
...justify;">Leucinodes orbonalis and Earias vittella/Earias insulana are major devastating pests of our summer vegetables especially brinjal and okra. Six insecticides viz. spinetoram 120 SC, spinosad 240 SC, bifenthrin 10 EC, cypermethrin 10 EC, chlorantraniliprol 20 SC and flubendiamide 480 SC were applied on brinjal and okra against these pests with five replications. Data was recorded after 24 hrs. 72 hrs. 7 and 10 days af...
Ejaz Mahmood Ahmad Qureshi1,*, Amtul Bari Tabinda2, Seemal Vehra3 and Atif Yaqub4
...y, distribution and seasonality of horizontally transmitted dengue viruses in Aedes mosquitoes was investigated in the metropolitan city Lahore, Pakistan during 2011, 2012 and 2013. Adult Aedes aegypti, were captured from nine towns and one Cantonment Board of the city using back-pack mechanical aspirator. Female mosquitoes were segregated and were pooled (7-9 individuals/pool) and subjected to NS1 Antigen test (ELISA). To determine infectivity i...
Ghazunfar Rashid1, Muhammad Avais1, Syed Saleem Ahmad1, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq2, Rais Ahmed3,*, Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Naveed-ul-Haque4, Mehtab Ahmad5, Mumtaz Ali Khan1 and Naimat Ullah Khan6
... mays (Makai), Avena sativa (Jai), Brassica rapa (Shaljam) and Brassica Campestris (Sarson) were estimated twice a day i.e. early morning and afternoon. The fodder samples were collected from different villages of Okara, Pattoki and Ravi areas of the Province Punjab. Nitrate contents of different parts of the fodder plants were estimated qualitatively through the Diphenylamine Filed Test (DFT) and quantitatively by spectrophotom...
Jafar Aqeel Naqi1, Abdul Mateen1, Dilawar Hussain2,*, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2, Sajjad Hussain1 and Abuzar Tabasum1
...Allium sativum) as a natural feed ingredient on growth performance and immune response in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). A total of 150 juvenile’s tilapia were taken randomly and divided into five experimental units (10 fishes per unit) with three replicates. Fish was hand feeded containing five different levels of garlic (T1, control) 2.5 (T2), 5.0 (T3), 7.5 (T4), and 10g/500g (T5)...
Tariq Mahmood1,*, Ijaz Ahmad1, Faraz Akrim1, Abdul Hamid1, Muhammad Waseem1, Abid Hussain1 and Muhammad Sajid Nadeem2
...hill valleys of the internal Himalayan ranges and western Himalayas and plains, Balochistan, and dry hillsides of the Punjab and Sindh. It is the “National Bird” of Pakistan, however, very little is known about its ecology and breeding in its native range in the north of the country. The present study investigated breeding ecology of the bird in its na<...
Tevfik Ceyhan1,*, Osman Samsun2 and Okan Akyol1
...re and the adoption of management measures is necessary....
Muhammad Mohsin1, Dai Guilin1,*, Chen Zhuo1, Yin Hengbin1 and Muhammad Noman2
...this study maximum sustainable yield (MSY) of Carangoides fishery from Sindh, Pakistan is estimated by using catch and effort data. For data analysis, two specialized fishery software CEDA (catch and effort data analysis) and ASPIC (a stock production model incorporating covariates) were employed. Three surplus production models (SPMs) viz., Fox Model (FM), Schaefer Model (SM) and P...
Muhammad Khan
...compared to the conventional drug discovery strategy involving de novo identification, characterization and validation of new bioactive molecules. Proscillaridin A (PSD-A), is a natural cardiac glycoside molecule used to treat cardiac arrhythmia. Recently, it has been rediscovered for its potential anticancer activity. This review will mainly focus on the anticancer activity, cellular targets and anticancer mecha...
Sajid Ali Khan1, Mazhar Hussain Ranjha1, Azhar Abbas Khan2,*, Muhammad Sagheer1, Amjad Abbas1 and Zeshan Hassan2
...iv>...
Saba Irshad*, Aruba Muhammad, Ammara Muazzam, Farah Sarfraz Anmol and Rehman Shahzad
...patients. Hematological analysis of thalassemic patients revealed low Hb, WBCs and platelets counts in contrast to control. The reported polymorphism was meant to be lowering the frequency of blood transfusions and to some extent responsible for diminishing the disease burden among ‘Thalassemia Major’ patients.
...
Zafar Iqbal*, Farah Ansar, Zil-e-Huma
...total of 1300 imported ornamental fish,belonging to 10 different species were examined for parasitic, fungal and bacterial infection. The fish species studied were; Carassius auratus and its six varieties (shubunkin, comet, black moor, oranda, double tail and fantail); molly Poeciliasphenops; platy Xiphophorus maculates; sword tail Xiphophorus helleri; guppy Poecilia reticulata; tiger oscar Astronotus ocellatus; k...
Nadia Khan1*, Abdul Waheed1, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Naveed Ahmed1, Zafar Iqbal2, Seemab Ali1, Madiha Bashir1 and Hina Gul3
....) seed oil extract was analyzed for the presence of potential non-volatile phytochemicals and in vitro antibacterial activity against two phytopathogenic bacterial species (Clavibacter sp. and Xanthomonas sp.) and a human pathogenic bacterium (Escherichia coli) in 2016. Experiment was carried out by using complete randomized design with three replications in vitro. Phytochemical analysis ...
Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar*1, Shahid Riaz Malik1, Waqas Ahmad2, Muhammad Sajid Mahmood3, Muhammad Jawad1, Muhammad Asadullah1, Ijaz Ahmad4 and Muhammad Imran1
...-align: justify;">Determination of optimum sowing time for mungbean is inevitable which may vary from variety to variety due to variation in agroecological conditions. Therefore a field trial was conducted at pulses research field NARC, Islamabad, to establish the optimum sowing time and suitable genotype for rainfed conditions of the area. The treatments were five sowing dates (15 June, 2...
Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Ammarah Hasnain2, Ateeq ur Rehman1 and Rashida Perveen1
...and as the possible alternatives to hazardous chemicals for the control of BLB of rice. Aqueous extracts of fifteen different plant parts either individually or in combination were tested at various concentrations under in vitro conditions by poison food and disk diffusion techniques while best effective seven were trialed in glass house and field experiments to determine their efficacy against Xanthomo...
Muhammad Kashif Asghar1, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar1,2*, Shahid Riaz Malik2, Waqas Ahmad3, Sumaira Zareen4, Safdar Ali5 and Abid Ali6
...iency is second most dominant micronutrient problem around the world and it is an important micronutrient required for plant growth and development. So a field study was conducted to explore the potential of boron seed priming on yield and quality of sunflower hybrids at Agronomic Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The achenes of two different sunflower hybrids i.e. Hysun-33 and FH-331 were subjected to different priming treatments including...
Zubina Hameed1, Muhammad Azim Malik1, Safdar Ali1*, Muhammad Ansar1, Farina Shaheen1, Ijaz Ahmad2 and Khisrao Kalim3
...MCPA) @ 1.2 L ha-1, Brominal-M 40 EC (Bromoxynil + MCPA) @ 2.0 Kg ha-1 for controlling weeds in rainfed wheat. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) under split plot arrangement with three replications of each treatment. The wheat variety “Chakwal-50” was sown with a tractor-drawn rabi drill in the last week of October 2010 with a seeding rate of 125 kg ha-1. The most dominant wee...
Tünay Kontaş Aşkar1,*, Şinasi Aşkar1, Olga Büyükleblebici2 and Murat Güzel3
... inflammatory changes in naturally occurring canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). A total of 30 dogs, comprising 10 clinically healthy and 20 dogs with leishmaniasis were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis was performed by the immune fluorescence antibody test with antibody titter ≥1:128 and lymph node smear examination. In blood samples of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis, levels of ma...
Amjad Islam Aqib1,*, Shagufta Nighat2, Rais Ahmed3, Saba Sana3, Muhammad Ameen Jamal4, Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar2 , Naimat Ullah Khan5, Mian Saeed Sarwar5, Muhammad Asif Hussain5, Asadullah5, Attaur Rahman5 and Sadeeq ur Rahman5,*
...cci (CNS). A questionnaire was used to record risk factors associated with occurrence of SCM and results were analyzed using non-probability statistical analysis. Results indicated that an overall 63.28% (243/384) of goats were found positive for SCM, of which 58.85% (143/243) revealed Staphylococcal growth among them 69.93% (100/143) were CPS, while 30.07% (43/143) were found a...
Nizam Uddin Jamali1, Asmatullah Kaka1,*, Pershotam Khatri1, Moolchand Malhi2, Muhammad Naeem3, Akeel Ahmed Memon1, Rameez Raja Kaleri4, Habibullah Janyaro5 and Dildar Hussain Kalhoro6
...etermined by visual examination, pH was determined by digital pH meter. Motility was determined under microscope at10x magnification, morphology and live dead ratio was assessed using eosin nigrosin stain under 40x magnification, concentration was calculated by hemocytometer, membrane integrity was examined by HOST solution. Conception rate was determined by inseminating 20 buffaloes (10 control and 10 best treatment group)....
*Muhammad Waseem1, Dost Mohammad Baloch1, Ghulam Khaliq1,
M. Rashid1, Qurban Ali2 and Mustajab A. Khan3
INTENSIFICATION IN BAMBOO (Bambusa bambos L.) TRAITS IN RESPONSE TO ORGANIC AND CHEMICAL NITROGEN ALONG THE COAST OF ARABIAN SEA
... 1% N), S = 0 1 2 3 Combination {50% N from urea (the recommended dose) + 50% N from Farm Yard Manure (FYM)}. A recommended dose of nitrogen was used as chemical source and applied at the rate of 120 kg N ha-1. Significant differences were reported for studied traits in response to treatments. The results indicated that significant correlation was found among the traits such as plant height, number of culms per plant, stem diameter of culms and growth rate of ...
*Irum Javed1, Muhammad Asgher2, Sadia Noreen1, Humara Naz Majeed1 and Tanzila Sahar1
SOLID STATE FERMENTATION OF ASPERGILLUS NIGER FOR CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION USING AGRICULTURE RESIDUE AS SUBSTRATE
...astes. It is a bidirectional beneficial process for cost effective manufacturing of citric acid and management of agro-industrial waste products. This project was carried out in order to evaluate the enhanced production of citric acid by Aspergillus niger using agro-industrial wastes. In the first step of study the liquid state fermentation (LSF) and solid state fermentation (SSF) by Aspergillus niger was compared using mola...
Sadia Murawwat1, *Nageen Fatima1, Qandeel Iqbal1, Syeda Ameena Rizvi1 and Mehak Fatima1
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING BEYOND CLASSROOM: CHALLENGES AND ANTICIPATED RESOLUTIONS
...ation in Pakistan. Data analysis imitates following problems relating to EE: dearth of professionalism in academia, insufficient educational capitals, not as much of hardware research laboratories at post graduate level, insufficient practical trainings, internships and professional skill development for improvement of hands on experience. These factors ...
Nadia Sharif1, *Neelma Munir1 and Shagufta Naz1
MICROBIAL PRODUCTION OF ALGINATE
...dical science....
M. Tariq Javed1, Nazir Ahmad2, Gulbeen Saleem3, Haleema Sadia4, Farkhanda Manzoor5 and Ghulam Hussain Dilbar
EFFECT OF AGE AND SEASON ON SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS OF BUFFALO BULL - A REVIEW
...hers and allied professionals in future research or policy planning. The review is bifurcated in different sections for easy understanding of the facts. The review suggests and effect of age and season on buffalo bull semen characteristics. ...
Nazish Mazhar Ali1, Saiqa Andleeb2, Bushra Mazhar1, Anum Imtiaz1, Shaukat Ali2*
Assessment of antibiogram and resistogram of pathogenic bacteria isolated from irrigated wheat field water
..., other two were Pseudomonas spp. and one strain belonged to genus Salmonella spp. Effect of various parameters such as temperature and pH on growth of pathogens were also studied. Antibiogram and resistogram analysis were carried out through agar disc and agar well diffusion methods. Optimum temperature for growth of all bacterial strains was 37oC and pH 7 except Salmonella which had pH 6. Among all the antibiotics Oxacilli...
Hareem Mohsin, Azka Asif*, Warda Fatima, Sarooj Nadeem, Anjum Nasim Sabri
Assessment of biocalcification by the water absorption test using microorganism from oil contaminated site
...ve layer of calcium carbonate on the cement based structures or buildings. In the present study, the biocalcification capacity of Bacillus pasteurii was studied on the cement samples. The cement samples were treated with urea and calcium salt (calcium carbonate) that act as a source of calcium along with the microorganism under optimum culture conditions. Alkaline conditions produced by the activity of the enzyme urease allo...
Hafiz Muhmmad Tahir1*, Rabia Yaqoob2
Comparing the efficiency of Taq DNA polymerase and PuRe Taq Ready-To-Go PCR beads in amplifying 12S and 16S ribosomal genes
...erase, an enzyme traditionally used in gene amplification, was compared with the newly developed amplification method, PuRe Taq Ready-To-Go PCR beads. One hundred seventy samples, including both fresh and up to five years old tissue samples, were compared. Taq DNA polymerase was found to be less efficient compared to the PuRe Taq Ready-To-Go PCR beads for amplification of the 12S rD
Phong Huy Pham
Nesting biology of a spider wasp Auplopus sp. (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) in Vietnam
...y of Auplopus sp. in Vietnam is presented. Nesting site of A. sp. was on the wall corners or on the foundation of a desert house. The nest was constructed with a single row or two rows of 3 - 6 exposed mud cells, one of which was open. Each closured cell was provisioned with a single prey spider whose legs were amputated. The prey spiders were immatures of a species of the genus Heteropoda, family Sparassidae. Developmental time of egg, larva, pre-pupa, pupa, ...
Tanzeela Riaz*†, Farah Rauf Shakoori, Syed Shahid Ali
Toxicity of phosphine against tolerant and susceptible populations of Trogoderma granarium collected from Punjab, Pakistan
... justify;">Trogoderma granarium is one of the most notorious pests of stored grains. This study was aimed to evaluate the toxicity of phosphine to 4th, 6th instar larvae and adult beetle in phosphine resistant pop...
Sumera Siddique1,†, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1*, Amtul Bari Tabinda2, Muhammad Irfan1
Screening of some agri-wastes for economical cultivation of Candida tropicalis SS1
...in eleven different combinations. The media were inoculated with 1% (w/v) suspension of 24 h old yeast cultured in nutrient broth. The strain grew best in water melon (WM) at pH 7.0 and 37 °C under non agitation conditions. The proximate analysis revealed that the water melon peels showed the highest amount of crude protein (which was measured by micro Kjeldahl digestion system) followed by bagasse, mango, and apple peel...
Muhammad Babar Khawar, Nadeem Sheikh*
Effect of paper industry leachate on various serological indices and serum proteins of wistar rats
...d processed for further analysis. Serological analysis revealed that leachate induction leads to significant positive variations in level of serum aspartate aminotransferases (AST) (P<0.0001), cholesterol (P<0.0001) and High density lipoproteins (HDL) (P<0.0001) while a significant negative change in triglycerides (P=0.0002) and creatinine (P=0.0370) level in both experimental groups. Alanine aminotransferases (ALT)...
Mian Azhar Ahmad1†*, Nawab Mohammad Khan2, Asmatullah3
Anatomical variations of hepatobiliary triangle in patients operated laparoscopically for gallbladder diseases from Lahore and Sahiwal
...as 1:3.5 with female dominance, mean operative time 99.6 minutes and patients remained admitted for 1–3days. The procedure was performed successfully in 91% of the cases. In 09% cases, a conversion to standard open cholecystectomy was necessary; the most common cause was unclear anatomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy pivots around hepatobiliary triangle. Current study was aimed to assess ana
Muhammad Tahir Waseem, Muhammad Awais Sarwar, Rana Manzoor Ahmad, Abdul Majid Khan*
Newly discovered fossil remains of Selenoportax vexillarius from Hasnot, locality of Siwaliks of Pakistan
...ll specimens is slightly narrow at the bottom and broader at the apex....
Tahir Abbas*1, Khawaja Raees Ahmad2, Asmatullah3, Khalid Pervaiz Lone4, Muhammad Ali Kanwal2, Sadia Suleman2
Reno-hepatic protective effects of Jambul against chromium induced anomalies in mice
... while Cr-J group additionally given 0.25ml/12h Jambul Fruit Extract (JFE) for next 5days by oral gavage. On the 16th day blood, liver and kidney were collected for biochemical and histopathological analysis.Cr+6 treated group showed severe histological changes like necrosis, cirrhosis and dehydration in liver evident by significant elevation of Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT), ...
Muhammad Mohsin Ahsan1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2*, Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar1, Arshad Ali3, Zafar Iqbal Kahan4, Kafeel Ahmed4
Intra- and inter-specific foraging in three scorpion species
...lts, injured adults, pregnant females and dead adults of O. odonturus. However, M. tumulus did not consume any live A. finitimus but consumed its dead. Androctonus finitimus consumed all types of O. odonturus and M. tumulus but did not feed on the dead ones. Results of feeding behaviour of A. finitimus and M. tumulus recorded in the field were similar as observed in the laboratory. However, in the field, O. odonturus was observed to rarely feed upon on member...
Tasleem Akhtar, Nadeem Sheikh*
Induction of acute phase in response to tacrolimus induced hepatotoxicity
...mus dose. Densitometric analysis revealed considerable elevated level of some positive acute phase proteins, specifically C-reactive protein, haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin. While albumin and transferrin levels were found to be low as compared to control animals. The results obtained in this study revealed that tacrolimus resulted in the onset of acute phase response in experimental animals owing to its toxic potential....
Hamda Azmat1, Waqas Ali2, Arshad Javid2, Ali Hussain2, Syed Makhdoom Hussain3, Zara Saeed1,Syed Shafiq Hussain Bukhari4
Chromium contamination in water, sediment and its bioaccumulation in Indian major carps in River Chenab, Pakistan
...of head Trimmu, river Chenab. Throughout the study period, mmaximum Cr concentrations from upstream and downstream were recorded as 23.54± 3.43 mg/L and 21.12 ± 3.47 mg/L, respectively. Average metal concentration detected from sediment samples was 71.08±8.32 mg/L. Maximum Cr concentration 81.72±2.54 was recorded during February while minimum 61.24±1.23 mg/L during May. Among all the three fish species, maximum metal concentr...
Riffat Mehboob1*, Sami Ullah Mumtaz2, Zoya Manzoor3, Sajid Abaidullah2, Fridoon Jawad Ahmad1
Deranged biochemical and hematological profile of septicemia patients in Mayo hospital, Lahore
...oping countries. Hepatorenal dysfunction is traditionally viewed as late feature of septicemia due to its obvious effects on hepatorenal organs. This study was undertaken to establish the possible role of serum biomarkers of liver, kidney and blood in the diagnosis of septicemia. 101 confirmed patients of septicemia from a tertiary care hospital in Lahore were included. Liver and re
Saiqa Andleeb* , Shaukat Ali
RNA interference; A tool for treatment of human diseases
Farah Deeba, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir, Muhammad Irfan, Javed Iqbal Qazi*
Chitinase production in organisms: a review
...rs distributed widely in nature both in the terrestrial and marine environments. Chitinase are chitin degradable enzyme have control of phytopathogens, physiological functions and degradation of chitinous waste. Interest in chitin wastes utilization is increasing day by day because of its natural resistance against degradation. The review focused on different sources of
Durr-e- Samin Tahir*, Waqar Nasir, Sarah Bushra, Fatima Batool
Height trends in the population of Rabwah, district Chiniot, Pakistan and comparison with WHO standards
...so recorded for further analysis. The R- Programming and
smoothing spline technique were applied to analyze the height trends of the collected data. The average height of
male adults is found to be 172cm (67.71" ± 3.98) and for females it is159 cm (62.55" ± 3.06).Comparison of male and
female height trend indicates that growth rate is almost the same up to 13 years, but it is high...
smoothing spline technique were applied to analyze the height trends of the collected data. The average height of
male adults is found to be 172cm (67.71" ± 3.98) and for females it is159 cm (62.55" ± 3.06).Comparison of male and
female height trend indicates that growth rate is almost the same up to 13 years, but it is high...
Tasneem Ikram1, Asmat Salamat2, Muhammad Akbar Khan2, Muhammad Adeeb Babar*2, Khalid Mahmood2, Rabia Shahid2, Muhammad Akhtar2
Additional Fossils of Sivalhippus perimensis (Mammalia, Equidae) from the Late Miocene Siwaliks of Pakistan
Mohammad Salim1, Arshad Javid2*, Ali Hussain2, Faiz-ur-Rahman3, FarmanUllah4, Hamidullah5
Distribution records of fruit bats Cynopterus sphinx and Rousettus leschenaultii from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...ruit bat Rousettus leschenaultia (n = 22) were captured from Malakand division in
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). The morphological and cranial features of the captured specimens were compared with
available literature. Baculum morphometry is one of the key features in identification of bat species and was applied
for species confirmation of R. leschenaultii. R. leschenaulti...
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). The morphological and cranial features of the captured specimens were compared with
available literature. Baculum morphometry is one of the key features in identification of bat species and was applied
for species confirmation of R. leschenaultii. R. leschenaulti...
Muhammad Mohsin Ahsan1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2, Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar1
Effect of lunar cycle on active population density of scorpions, their potential prey and predators
... study, effects of the lunar cycle on the activities of three scorpion species, Hottentotta tamulus,
Odontobuthus odonturus, and Androctonus finitimus, and their potential prey and predators were observed in the
field. The result showed that H. tamulus and A. finitimus were more active during dark nights compared to moonlight
nights; however, there was no obvious effect of the lunar cycle on the activity...
Odontobuthus odonturus, and Androctonus finitimus, and their potential prey and predators were observed in the
field. The result showed that H. tamulus and A. finitimus were more active during dark nights compared to moonlight
nights; however, there was no obvious effect of the lunar cycle on the activity...
Nasir Raza Zaidi1, Mian Waheed Ahmad1, Mahesh Gautam1, Riffat Mehboob2*
Risk factors for multiple sclerosis in Pakistani population- A crosssectional study
...ease of the brain and spinal cord where it damages the myelin sheath
protecting the neurons. Many environmental and genetic factors have been associated with MS. The aim of this study
is to identify the possible risk factors that are linked to MS in Pakistani population. This study was conducted in
Department of Radiology, Mayo Hospital Lahore from 2013 to 2014. The first hundred patients who came for
reporting MRI of the brain and ...
protecting the neurons. Many environmental and genetic factors have been associated with MS. The aim of this study
is to identify the possible risk factors that are linked to MS in Pakistani population. This study was conducted in
Department of Radiology, Mayo Hospital Lahore from 2013 to 2014. The first hundred patients who came for
reporting MRI of the brain and ...
Muddasir Hassan Abbasi1, 2, Noor Fatima1, Syed Shahid Imran Bukhari1, Asma Rashid khan3, Nadeem Sheikh2*
Variations in proteins and transaminases following experimental induction of Bisphenol A in mice
...albumin and aminotransaminases activity. The sodium dodecyl sulphate
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was also run to analyze protein bands. Statistically significant
increase in total protein contents, albumin and aminotransaminases were noted in sample in comparison with control.
Comparative analysis between experiment...
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was also run to analyze protein bands. Statistically significant
increase in total protein contents, albumin and aminotransaminases were noted in sample in comparison with control.
Comparative analysis between experiment...
Saima Naz*, Adil Ali Rajpar, Abdul Hameed Chandio
New Records of some Phthiraptera (chewing lice) of birds from urban areas of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan
...r />
Colpocephalum turbinatum (Denny, 1842), Columbicola columbae (Linnaeus, 1758), Hohorstiella lata (Piaget, 1880)
on pigeons and doves; Brueelia subtilis (Nitzsch, 1874), Menacanthus eurysternus (Burmeister, 1838) and
Sturnidocus refractariolus (Zlotorzycka, 1964) on house sparrow; Goniodes dissimilis (Denny, 1842), Lipeurus
tropicalis (Peters, 1931), Me
on pigeons and doves; Brueelia subtilis (Nitzsch, 1874), Menacanthus eurysternus (Burmeister, 1838) and
Sturnidocus refractariolus (Zlotorzycka, 1964) on house sparrow; Goniodes dissimilis (Denny, 1842), Lipeurus
tropicalis (Peters, 1931), Me
Abbas Ali1, Muhammad Altaf2*, Muhammad Samar Hussain Khan3
Winter survey of birds at Keti Bunder, district Thatha, Pakistan
...sessment
of avifauna diversity and also noted the threats to the birds of Keti Bunder. To know the avian dominance and
diversity of Keti Bunder; we carried out at dawn and dusk in winter season (November, 2015 to February, 2016),
using direct and indirect methods. During the survey, total of 49 winter season bird species belonging to 33 genera
and 21 families were recorded. A total of 4280 birds w...
of avifauna diversity and also noted the threats to the birds of Keti Bunder. To know the avian dominance and
diversity of Keti Bunder; we carried out at dawn and dusk in winter season (November, 2015 to February, 2016),
using direct and indirect methods. During the survey, total of 49 winter season bird species belonging to 33 genera
and 21 families were recorded. A total of 4280 birds w...
Abir Ishtiaq, Muhammad Naeem*
Length-weight relationships and condition factor for farmed Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822) from southern Punjab, Pakistan
...th coefficient of determination, r2-values being >0.930 in the
three studied groups and for overall data. The value of the regression coefficient (b) indicated negative allometric
growth (b= 2.87), isometric growth (b= 2.95) and positive allometric growth (b= 3.22) for fish fed 15 %, 20 % and 25
% crude protein respectively, and 3.04 for overall data. The results of the present study will contribute to the proper
ma
three studied groups and for overall data. The value of the regression coefficient (b) indicated negative allometric
growth (b= 2.87), isometric growth (b= 2.95) and positive allometric growth (b= 3.22) for fish fed 15 %, 20 % and 25
% crude protein respectively, and 3.04 for overall data. The results of the present study will contribute to the proper
ma
Jhan Zeb, Muhammad Javed
Forecasting percentage contribution of plankton biomass towards increase in fish yield under composite culture conditions
...h (67 fish group-1) designated as T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 and T7 were reared in fertilized
(0.17 g N 100-1 wet fish weight daily) earthen ponds (0.012 ha) for 365 days. There were five different fish species in
each of the triplicate group viz. Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhina mrigala, Ctenopharyngodon idella and
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in the ratio of 27:10:10:07:13, respectively. Each triplicate ...
(0.17 g N 100-1 wet fish weight daily) earthen ponds (0.012 ha) for 365 days. There were five different fish species in
each of the triplicate group viz. Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhina mrigala, Ctenopharyngodon idella and
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in the ratio of 27:10:10:07:13, respectively. Each triplicate ...
Zafar Iqbal*, Hafiza Madhia Imtiaz
Parasites of double tail goldfish, Carassius auratus L. imported to Pakistan
... infection of imported ornamental fish, double tail goldfish,
Carassius auratus. A total of 25 experimental fish were examined for parasitic infection. One fish
specimen showed head lesion (1x1cm). Eight different species of parasites were observed on the fish.
The gills showed 100% infection by Dactylogyrus sp. and mean intensity was 35.4. Fins of the fish also
showed high infection (68%) and mean intensity (13.82) by Gyrodactylus ...
Carassius auratus. A total of 25 experimental fish were examined for parasitic infection. One fish
specimen showed head lesion (1x1cm). Eight different species of parasites were observed on the fish.
The gills showed 100% infection by Dactylogyrus sp. and mean intensity was 35.4. Fins of the fish also
showed high infection (68%) and mean intensity (13.82) by Gyrodactylus ...
Asma Karim1, Wajid Ali1*, Noreen Ahmad1, Muhammad Irfan2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3
Histological and biochemical study of liver of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) after acute exposure to pyrethoride (deltamethrin)
... and
biochemical analysis [alanine amino transferase (ALT), and aspartate amino-transferase (AST)]. Liver histology
revealed that necrosis, nuclear pycnosis, hypertrophy of hepatocytes, vacuolization, nuclear atrophy and congestion
of blood vessels were observed as compare to control group. This result was also supported by the significant
increase in levels of hepatic enzymes AST and ALT in blood plasma of exposed fish as compared ...
biochemical analysis [alanine amino transferase (ALT), and aspartate amino-transferase (AST)]. Liver histology
revealed that necrosis, nuclear pycnosis, hypertrophy of hepatocytes, vacuolization, nuclear atrophy and congestion
of blood vessels were observed as compare to control group. This result was also supported by the significant
increase in levels of hepatic enzymes AST and ALT in blood plasma of exposed fish as compared ...
Sadaf Niaz1, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Tanveer Hussain2, Asif Nadeem1, Misbah Hussain1, Riffat Mehboob3*, Fridoon Jawad Ahmad3
Mutation analysis of RING1 domain of Parkin in early onset of Parkinson’s disease in Pakistani patients-a pilot study
...tudy was to do mutation analysis of RING domain of Parkin
gene as there is no mutation reported previously. In current study, sequence analysis of RING1 domain of Parkin
protein was performed in a sample set of 30 patients (selected from different areas of Punjab, Pakistan) to find out
any Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP).No SNP was detected in RING1 domain that could be related to the
disease...
gene as there is no mutation reported previously. In current study, sequence analysis of RING1 domain of Parkin
protein was performed in a sample set of 30 patients (selected from different areas of Punjab, Pakistan) to find out
any Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP).No SNP was detected in RING1 domain that could be related to the
disease...
Bushra Siyal1, Sanjota Nirmal Das1, Rafia Rehana Ghazi2, Aly Khan3
Heterotestophyes gibsoni sp.n. (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) from the bird little tern (Sternula albifrons) in Sindh, Pakistan
...harynx. Oral sucker terminal, rounded and broader than long. Esophagus long, intestinal
bifurcation is above the acetabulum. Ventral sucker muscular, rounded, occupy 2nd. quarter of the body. Testes lie in
posterior most region of the hind body, these are Juxta-opposite, rounded in shape. Genital atrium occupies middle of
the body, elongated to rounded in shape, distinctly separated from acetabulum, spin...
bifurcation is above the acetabulum. Ventral sucker muscular, rounded, occupy 2nd. quarter of the body. Testes lie in
posterior most region of the hind body, these are Juxta-opposite, rounded in shape. Genital atrium occupies middle of
the body, elongated to rounded in shape, distinctly separated from acetabulum, spin...
Haniya Mazhar1, Naaz Abbas2, Zahid Hussain3, Amir Sohail4, Syed Shahid Ali4*
Extracellular lipase production from Bacillus subtilis using agro-industrial waste and fruit peels
...rent fruits, including banana, orange, water melon and melon as carbon source, was 27.17, 21.37, 10.57 and 8.43 U/ml, respectively. The corn cob produced 12.27 U/ml while waste oils of various industries produced 16.17 U/ml (Shan oil), 13.67 U/ml (automobile), 13.37 U/ml (unbranded waste cooking oil) and 6.03 U/ml (Sitara oil) of enzyme activity when used as substrate for lipase production. It is concluded that among the agr...
Muhammad Babar Khawar1, Muddasir Hassan Abbasi1, 2, Sana Fatima3, Khawaja Abdul Mujeeb2, Nadeem Sheikh1
Alterations in proteins and transaminases activity induced by thioacetamide in albino rats
...c acid and serum transaminases activity after 12 and 24h of TAA administration in albino
rats. Rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=3) namely control group, 12h group and 24h group. Each
experimental group (12h and 24h) was administered 300 mg/ kg TAA intraperitoneally (i.p) while control received
same volume of normal saline solution. Rats of 12h and 24h group were killed after 12 and 24h of ...
rats. Rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=3) namely control group, 12h group and 24h group. Each
experimental group (12h and 24h) was administered 300 mg/ kg TAA intraperitoneally (i.p) while control received
same volume of normal saline solution. Rats of 12h and 24h group were killed after 12 and 24h of ...
Anam Javed, Javed Iqbal Qazi*
Skin health implications of Chemical detergents and importance of biodetergents
... further to develop alternatives with ideally no or at least less side effects. This review highlights a wide range of dermal disorders which are produced due to synthetic detergents. It has studied that ultimate solution of the grave issues, is common utilization of biosurfactants from domestic to industrial level. Biodetergents do not cause health complications, and as they are readily biodegradable so do not persist in environment. Our body’s protecti...
Shaukat Ali1,*, Sundas Nasreen1, Sobia Safeer1, Saiqa Andleeb1, Mubashir Ejaz1, Saira Bano2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3
Medicinal plants as therapeutic agents for cancer treatment
...t of cancer....
Maleeha Manzoor1,2*, Ruijuan Ma2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Fouzia Tabssum1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1
Microalgal-bacterial consortium: a cost-effective approach of wastewater treatment in Pakistan
...
the micro and macro fauna and flora of treatment plant. The use of algal-bacterial consortia for wastewater
treatments has proved more effective in biomass production, nutrient cycling and bioremediation of organic
pollutants, heavy metals and many other contaminants. The biodegradation approach of involving consortium might
attain self-sustaining level and may prove technically cheaper and advance tec...
treatments has proved more effective in biomass production, nutrient cycling and bioremediation of organic
pollutants, heavy metals and many other contaminants. The biodegradation approach of involving consortium might
attain self-sustaining level and may prove technically cheaper and advance tec...
Zubair Ahmed#, Muhammad Farhanullah Khan, Habiballah Rana*
Toxicological effects of Haloxylon recurvum Bunge ex Boiss (Khar Boti) whole plant extract and novel insecticide chlorantraniliprole against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky
...s in S. zeamais. Probit analysis revealed LD50 value for H.
recurvum plant extract were 16.47 μg/insect and chlorantraniliprole were 0.0358
μg/insect, after 24 hours. The result revealed that H. recurvum plant extract had
insecticidal potential against the stored grain pest, S. zeamais. Current study
suggests H. recurvum plant extract could be a good alternative against
conventio
recurvum plant extract were 16.47 μg/insect and chlorantraniliprole were 0.0358
μg/insect, after 24 hours. The result revealed that H. recurvum plant extract had
insecticidal potential against the stored grain pest, S. zeamais. Current study
suggests H. recurvum plant extract could be a good alternative against
conventio
Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Zafar Iqbal Khan2, Saira Batool2, Kafeel Ahmad2, Salma Begum2
Residual effect of lambda-cyhalothrin on abundance of insect pollinators in marigold field patch
...ce of insect
pollinators was recorded under field and a semi- field conditions. Recommended
dose of lambda-cyhalothrin (0.093gm/ml) was used. The number of different
pollinators that visited the marigold plant before and after insecticidal spray was
recorded. In semi-field experiment, honey bees were exposed to insecticide treated
plants for one hour. The mortality rate of honey bees in the...
pollinators was recorded under field and a semi- field conditions. Recommended
dose of lambda-cyhalothrin (0.093gm/ml) was used. The number of different
pollinators that visited the marigold plant before and after insecticidal spray was
recorded. In semi-field experiment, honey bees were exposed to insecticide treated
plants for one hour. The mortality rate of honey bees in the...
Waqas Ali, Arshad Javid, Ali Hussain, Syed Mohsin Bukhari
Public attitude towards amphibian and reptiles in district Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan
...
the four tehsils namely Pattoki, Chunnian, Kot Radha Kishan and Kasur. The
people of the study area used to prepare traditional medicines from body parts of
Bungarus caeruleus, Naja naja, Ptyas mucosus, Eryx johnii, Varanus bengalensis
and Uromastyx hardwickii. Out of 200 respondents, more than 80% considered
amphibians and reptiles as useless animals, 7...
the four tehsils namely Pattoki, Chunnian, Kot Radha Kishan and Kasur. The
people of the study area used to prepare traditional medicines from body parts of
Bungarus caeruleus, Naja naja, Ptyas mucosus, Eryx johnii, Varanus bengalensis
and Uromastyx hardwickii. Out of 200 respondents, more than 80% considered
amphibians and reptiles as useless animals, 7...
Madeeha Arshad, Asmatullah, Chaman Ara
Embryotoxic effects of sodium arsenate in Mus musculus
...senic
(sodium arsenate) other than general lethality additionally can be a teratogenic
agent. Present research work is focused on the teratogenic impacts of sodium
arsenate given to gravid mice (Mus musculus). Different doses of sodium arsenate
18.25, 37.5 and 75mg/kg B.W. were administered orally at day 6 of gestation
...
(sodium arsenate) other than general lethality additionally can be a teratogenic
agent. Present research work is focused on the teratogenic impacts of sodium
arsenate given to gravid mice (Mus musculus). Different doses of sodium arsenate
18.25, 37.5 and 75mg/kg B.W. were administered orally at day 6 of gestation
...
Hafiz Muhammad Umer Qaisar1, Tanveer Ahmad2, Muhammad Rizwan3*, Muhammad Saqib1
Antimicrobial efficacy of combination of lincomycin and spiramycin (Lispiracin™) as systemic dry cow therapy for controlling bovine mastitis
...ine the efficacy of combination of lincomycin and spiramycin
(Lispiracin™) for controlling bovine mastitis through systemic dry period therapy,
present study was designed. A total of 20 dry pregnant cows were selected
randomly at the end of lactation and divided into two equal G1 and G2 groups.
Group G1 was treated with lincomycin@ 5mg/kg (IM) and spiramycin@ 10 mg/kg
(IM) (Inj. lispi...
(Lispiracin™) for controlling bovine mastitis through systemic dry period therapy,
present study was designed. A total of 20 dry pregnant cows were selected
randomly at the end of lactation and divided into two equal G1 and G2 groups.
Group G1 was treated with lincomycin@ 5mg/kg (IM) and spiramycin@ 10 mg/kg
(IM) (Inj. lispi...
Zafar Iqbal1, Muhammad Farooq Nasir1, Imran Bodlah1*, Rahmatullah Qureshi2, Ayesha Aihetasham3
Notes on three morphs of Bulaea lichatschovii (Hummel) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Northern Pakistan
...tions and new distributional
records....
records....
Nabila Roohi, Mehjabeen, Samina Ashraf*
Effects of cigarette smoking on serum proteins profile in male active and passive smokers
...nt study deals with the analysis of serum total proteins and fractions
(albumin, total globulins, gamma globulins and non-gamma globulins) of active and
passive smokers. Blood samples of 180 cigarette smokers were collected from
different locations of Lahore and 60 healthy non-smokers from University of the
Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam campus Lahore, in terms of comparable age, height, weight
and socioeconomic set up. Serum protein p...
(albumin, total globulins, gamma globulins and non-gamma globulins) of active and
passive smokers. Blood samples of 180 cigarette smokers were collected from
different locations of Lahore and 60 healthy non-smokers from University of the
Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam campus Lahore, in terms of comparable age, height, weight
and socioeconomic set up. Serum protein p...
Ihsan Ali1#, Asim Aslam1*, Habib-ur-Rehman2, Beenish Zahid3, Ishtiaq Ahmed1
Effect of fish oil on growth performance and immune response in experimentally infected broiler chicken with avian influenza virus H9N2
...day of age by haemagglutination inhibition test. The
mean GMT for H9N2 of group A, B, C, and D after challenge were 76.0, 273.7, 0.5
and 0.35, respectively. However, after challenged the highest GMT for NDV was
observed in group C with 158.8, followed by group B, D and A with GMT of 72.6,
49.3, and 11.32, respectively. Congestion, depletion of lymphocytes, dysplasia of
thymic lobules, necrosis, disappearance of lymph follicle...
mean GMT for H9N2 of group A, B, C, and D after challenge were 76.0, 273.7, 0.5
and 0.35, respectively. However, after challenged the highest GMT for NDV was
observed in group C with 158.8, followed by group B, D and A with GMT of 72.6,
49.3, and 11.32, respectively. Congestion, depletion of lymphocytes, dysplasia of
thymic lobules, necrosis, disappearance of lymph follicle...
Muhammad Asghar Hassan1, Imran Bodlah1* , Ayesha Aihetasham2
First record of the oriental species, Saltella setigera Brunetti, 1909 (Diptera: Sepsidae) from Pakistan
...rom Pakistan. The additional
morphological and genital characters of S. setigera along with its photographs,
distributional notes and remarks are provided....
morphological and genital characters of S. setigera along with its photographs,
distributional notes and remarks are provided....
Halil Erhan Eroğlu
The comparison of the Felidae species with karyotype symmetry/asymmetry index (S/AI)
...mpared. Also the evolutionary
relationships of higher organisms can be determined. The symmetry/asymmetry
index is applied to the Felidae species. After a comprehensive literature search,
karyotype formulae, S/AI values and karyotype types of 23 species were
determined. According to the S/AI values, a phylogenetic tree was drawn showing
relationships among the species....
relationships of higher organisms can be determined. The symmetry/asymmetry
index is applied to the Felidae species. After a comprehensive literature search,
karyotype formulae, S/AI values and karyotype types of 23 species were
determined. According to the S/AI values, a phylogenetic tree was drawn showing
relationships among the species....
Khurram Shahzad1*, Muhammad Naeem Khan1, Farhat Jabeen2, Nasreen Kosour3, Muhammad Sohail1, Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan1, Munir Ahmad1
Bioaccumulation of manufactured titanium dioxide
... The use of various nanoparticles in industry and domestic practices enviably end
into the aquatic environment. Nanoparticles have the potential accumulative and
toxic influence in the water environments. There is a need to exploremore likely
accumulation of nanoparticles in the aquatic organisms. This study was designed
to investigate the possible bioaccumulation of TiO2, CuO and ZnO
into the aquatic environment. Nanoparticles have the potential accumulative and
toxic influence in the water environments. There is a need to exploremore likely
accumulation of nanoparticles in the aquatic organisms. This study was designed
to investigate the possible bioaccumulation of TiO2, CuO and ZnO
Anber Naqvi1*#, Abdul Qadir1, Adeel Mahmood2, Mehvish Mumtaz3, Iqra Aslam1, Gan Zhang4
Assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in maternal blood serum from selected districts of Punjab, Pakistan
...revalence of lower chlorinated PCBs in urban population descending
towards rural population. The mean TEQ concentration of eight dioxins like PCBs
was recorded as 0.03 ng/g l.w. Analysis of Σ34PCBs and socio-demographic
parameters reflected significant results for milk intake. The study findings
suggested a need for regulating the continuous intentional or...
towards rural population. The mean TEQ concentration of eight dioxins like PCBs
was recorded as 0.03 ng/g l.w. Analysis of Σ34PCBs and socio-demographic
parameters reflected significant results for milk intake. The study findings
suggested a need for regulating the continuous intentional or...
Siddra Tayyab Akhtar, Anjum Nasim Sabri
Twitching, swimming, swarming in biofilm forming strains in response to chemical and physical factors
...
Motility is a dynamic and remarkable element of bacterial physiology and
determines the ability of bacteria to form biofilms. There is a need to control
bacterial motility. Present study determined swimming, swarming, and twitching
motilities in response to different physiochemical factors. Twenty-two
morphologically different bacterial strains were collected from a drain of sewage
water located in the vicinity of Ji...
Zafar Iqbal
A review of fisheries education in University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
...the oldest multi-disciplinary university which was established in 1882. During last
six years (2010-2015) 3187 research papers were published in journals with impact
factors by university’s teaching faculty. In last eight years (2008-2015) 1153
scholars were awarded PhD degrees by the University. The zoology department
was established in 1921 and is now ranked among top departments. Signific...
six years (2010-2015) 3187 research papers were published in journals with impact
factors by university’s teaching faculty. In last eight years (2008-2015) 1153
scholars were awarded PhD degrees by the University. The zoology department
was established in 1921 and is now ranked among top departments. Signific...
Raazia Kiran1, Alya Riaz1, Muhammad Irfan1*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir2
An overview of pre-treatment methods used for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomasses into valuable products
...ia, and quite a few combinations thereof to
breakdown the lignocellulose into its components. Pre-treatment process changes
cellulose morphological, chemical and physical features, making it prone to
enzymatic attack for saccharification. In this review, we have discussed different
pre-treatment methods and their effect on recalcitrant structure of lignocelluloses
for making it readily available for enzymatic hydrolysis ...
breakdown the lignocellulose into its components. Pre-treatment process changes
cellulose morphological, chemical and physical features, making it prone to
enzymatic attack for saccharification. In this review, we have discussed different
pre-treatment methods and their effect on recalcitrant structure of lignocelluloses
for making it readily available for enzymatic hydrolysis ...
Sobia Faisal1*,Qurat-ul-Ain Ahmad2, Maleeha Manzoor3, Madiha Manzoor4, Faisal Rifaq5
Socio-psychological factors related to tuberculosis diagnostic test seeking behavior in Pakistan
...ehavior of TB patients. Inadequate knowledge and misconceptions about
susceptibility and severity of TB disease is contributing towards low health seeking
behavior. Further, false beliefs and distrust in treatment are the perceived barriers,
which decrease motivation for benefits and superimpose the condition....
susceptibility and severity of TB disease is contributing towards low health seeking
behavior. Further, false beliefs and distrust in treatment are the perceived barriers,
which decrease motivation for benefits and superimpose the condition....
Abdul Majid Khan*
Review report on mammalian dental defect (enamel hypoplasia) in different groups of mammals
...ian taxons....
Muhammad Asghar1*, Mirza Muhammad Qadeer Baig1, Sanaullalh Chaudhary1 and Muhammad Anjum Ali2
... by using different combinations of fungicide (difenoconazole) with various concentrations of sprayable formulations of macronutrients (NPK) was conducted during Kharif 2012 to 14 at Adaptive Research Farm, Gujranwala, Pakistan. The experiment was conducted on a promising basmati rice cultivars Super basmati in RCBD with three repeats. The spray of difenoconazole at rate of 315 mlha-1 + 50...
Muhammad S. Waqas, Ali A.Z. Shoaib, Xinlai Cheng, Qianqian Zhang, Asem S.S. Elabasy and Zu-hua Shi*
...e cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is an invasive, polyphagous pest species. Reproductive biology of this mealybug species is poorly known, which hinders the development of an effective management program. In this study, the reproductive mode, male’s mating capacity, influence of female’s age and density on male’s mating capacity, as well as the influence o...
Atiq-ur-Rehman1,2,*, Abida Latif1,*, Rukhsana Anwar1, Nasir Abbas1, Sajid Nawaz2 and Hamid Turab Mirza3
...ses in folkloric/traditional medicinal system. It is used as a folklore medicine to treat diabetes. No study has been conducted so for to determine α-amylase inhibition for the evaluation of hypoglycemic potential of the plant. So, the aim of this study was for the investigation of in vitro, in vivo anti-diabetic potential and mode of action of various fractions of methanolic extract of the aerial parts o...
Hina Abrar1,2, S.N.H. Naqvi1,*, Muhammad Rashid Ahmed3, Asma Basharat Ali3 and Hina Yasin1,2
...e histopathological examination reveals various features of hepatic architecture damage in CBZ treated group but the hepatic damage induced by CBZ was successfully ameliorated by propranolol. To conclude propranolol is effective in reducing the hepatoxic effects of CBZ probably by affecting hepatic blood flow.
...
Faheem Ali1*, Muhammad Naeem Arbab1, Abdul Basit2, Muhammad Kashif Khan1, Gulzar Ahmad1 and Muhammad Amir1
...e generally inductive in nature. The power required by agricultural industry is broadly categorized into shaft power and process heat power, and could be used for planting, cultivating, pumping, harvesting, drying, cooking, baking, woodworking, forging and smelting etc. This results in lagging Volt-Ampere-Reactive (VARs), which must be balanced by the same number of leading VARs in order to ensure unity power factor, thus avoiding pena...
Muhammad Shahzad Akbar, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed* and Muhammad Afzal
...orantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr and pyriproxyfen exhibited maximum termite mortality, ranging from 31.18±5.67, 28.33±7.03 and 21.67±4.01%, respectively at 3 h post-exposure to 100% at 24 h, followed by triflumuron (81.67±3.07%) and indoxacarb (63.33±5.58%). Moreover, chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, pyriproxyfen, emamectin, indoxacarb and triflumuron showed LT50 values of 15.62 h (10.66 &n...
Muhammad Iqbal1, Khalid Usman2*, Muhammad Arif1, Shakeel Ahmad Jatoi3, Muhammad Munir4 and Imran Khan1
...exotic bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Mol. Standley) genotypes were evaluated for their fruit physico-chemical characteristics and yield behavior at Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, D.I. Khan (Pakistan) during 2013 and 2014. The genotypes of bottle gourd were Hazarvi, Anmol, Amber, King, Advanta-205, Surbhi, Royal, Nobel, Sharmic and Louki (local check variety). The experiment was laid-out in randomized complete block design having ten treatments (...
Khush Bukhat Zahid1*, Ghaffar Ali2, Samina Sabir1 and Mohammad Fayaz2
...ural productivity. This analysis is useful from the stand point of policy makers and analysts as it will help them develop policies relating to improvement in agricultural sector in the context of climate change. ...
A.M. Abdul Azeem, A.N. El Shahat* and Ashraf M. Mounir
...idant activity of pomegranate peel powder as well as to evaluate the effect of gamma-irradiated pomegranate peels extract (GPE) against biochemical alterations of lead induced testicular and hepato-toxicity in rats. From the results, it was obtained that gamma irradiation induced significant increase in the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of pomegranate peels powder. Concur...
Muhammad Muddassir Ali1,2 and İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci1,*
...cells.
...
Akshay Sharma*, Mohit Mahajan, Madhumeet Singh and Pravesh Kumar
...ys post artificial insemination. Monochorionic diamniotic monozygotic twins were confirmed on the basis of different amniotic sacs and corpus luteum on one ovary. Color Doppler study was done to assess the vascularity and functional activity of corpus luteum present on the left ovary. Ultrasonography was employed at weekly interval to judge the viability of embryo (up to 42 days), fetus (after 42 days) and late embryonic mor...
Abid Muhammad Shah1, Safdar Ali1*, Ijaz Ahmad2, Gulzada Wazir1, Obaidullah Shafique1, Muhammad Amir Hanif1, Bashir Ahmad Khan3 and Sumaira Zareen4
...ctivity and population dynamics of weeds. Different wheat sowing methods (S) were Broadcasting, Line sowing, Ridge sowing, Bed sowing and herbicides used were Ally Max, Clean wave, Starane M. and Buctril Super 60 Ec. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with split plot arrangement having three replications. Hand weeded (weed free), and weedy check (control) plots were also maintained for comparison in each replication. The recorded data were a
Saman Fatima* and Shazia Iram
...jection of fruit in international market. This study was designed in order to identify the pathogens that ruin the peal of Citrus reticulata Blanco (kinnow) in order to improve its quality. About twenty six sampled fruits of Citrus reticulata having damaged skin were obtained from the orchards of Sargodha. The samples were classified into groups on the basis of physical appearance of lesions on peal and the disease severity ...
Ali Zohaib1*, Saima Yousaf1,2, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum1, Tahira Tabassum1, Tasawer Abbas3, Wardah Muzaffar1 and Wasiq Ikram2
...cheap and excellent alternate and can be applied as seed inoculation to enhance nutrient use efficiency along with reduced nutrient losses. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of seed inoculation viz. control (no treatment), Rhizobium japonicum (nitrogen fixing bacteria) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (phosphorus solubilizing bacteria) on growth, allometric traits and dry matter yield of different soybean ge...
Misbahullah, Shad Khan Khalil, Asim Muhammad*, Afza Tabassum and Shah Fahad
...und drinking water. Alternative environmental friendly methods are needed to explore possibility of weed control and enhance crop yield. Sorghum extract and their application times on weed dynamics, phenology and leaf tracts of variety Atta Habib was sown at the Research Farm of Agronomy, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan throughout 2015-16. Used of sorghum extract with three concentrations (1:3, 1:4, 1:5), we...
Farkhanda Asad1*, Samina Qamer1, Tayyaba Ali1, Ammara Behzad1 and Tahira Yasmin2
...drate six test dietsdesignated as; T1(G/0.0, CrCl3.6H2O mg Kg-1), T2(NG/0.0, CrCl3.6H2O mg Kg-1), T3(G/0.2, CrCl3.6H2O mg Kg-1), T4(NG/0.2, CrCl3.6H2O mgKg-1), T5 (G/0.4, CrCl3.6H2O mg Kg-1) and T6(NG/0.4, CrCl3.6H2O mg Kg-1) were prepared. Results showed highest apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of nutrientsdry matter, crude lipid and gross energy in test diet T5 that was gelatinized and supplemented with chromium 0.4 mg/Kg while, for crude protein hig...
Neelum Andaleeb1*, Munir Khan1, Syed Attaullah Shah1 and Rahmat Ullah2
...wa to investigate determinants of welfare of livestock farm households with special reference to women’s participation in livestock farming. A multistage sampling technique was used to collect a sample of 274 livestock farm households from six union councils of district Mardan. Data were collected through face to face interviews from female members of the selected livestock farm households in 2015-16. Data were analyze...
Aiguo Zhou1,3,4, Shaolin Xie1,4, Zhenlu Wang1, Lanfen Fan1, Yanfeng Chen2, QiaoYe1, Fang Zeng1 and Jixing Zou1,*
...
The great northern snakehead, white type Channa argus is one of the most important economic and conservational fish in China, but an uncertain classification has existed for many years. In present study, mitochondrial Cyt b gene was used to analyze the relationships and genetic diversity of two color...
Shagufta Nighat1, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1,*, Syed Israr Shah1, Amber Khalid1, Tariq Mahmood2, Ayesha Aihetasham3 and Muhammad Asif4
...future comparisons and management of bats and metal concentrations in environment.
...
Ajmal Khan* and Rehan Ullah
...study was processed and analyzed to investigate the prevalence of malaria and its specific aetiologic agents in suspected patients reported to various laboratories of Agency Head Quarter Hospital Khar, Bajaur Agency. In this study, a total number of 9720 suspected individuals were examined; among which 1273 (13.1%) were found to be positive for malaria infection with different Plasmodium species in their blood smears. Male population accounts for higher...
Faiz Muhammad1,2, Canfeng Dou1, Zhen-ming Lü1,*, Li Gong1, Xun Du1 and Muhammad Shafi3
... Xiamen, and Zhoushan China. Based on 672 bp fragment of Mitochondrial DNA subunit ATPase 6, thirty haplotypes and 140 polymorphic sites were noted, whereas (0.740, 0.048) high and low haplotype and nucleotide diversity observed. The data was further tested with AMOVA that validates 91.24% variation among populations and 8.76% within population. Genetic fixation index was also calcula...
Jun Yan Bai1,*, Yong Gang Zhao2 and Yu Qin Wang1
...oshan goat, G is the dominant allele in G447C. At T498C site, gene frequencies of T and C in black goat and Yaoshan goat were tested 0.675/0.325 and 0.847/0.153, respectively. At this site, T is the dominant allele in Yaoshan goat. In black goat, GHRL-6 has polymorphism and its mutation site is C105T. The gene frequencies of C and T at C105T in black goat were detected 0.698 and 0.302, respectively. T is the domi
Qingling Hu1,2,3,* and Jinian Feng3
...longus sp.n. from Hainan Island of China is described and illustrated. This new species is unique in this genus by the combinations of having 5 pairs of long setae on pronotum, the ultrashort chapped craspedum on posterior margin of abdominal tergites, and the shape and relative locations of setae on tergite IX.
...
Muhammad Ijaz1, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Rahmatullah2, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Sadaqat Ali3,*, Awais Ghaffar1, Ahmad Ali1 and Sehrish Saleem1
...their etiologies. Additionally, 12 healthy foals (n = 4 horse foals, n = 4 donkey foals, and n = 4 mule foals) as control animals were selected for this study. Packed cell volume (PCV) and serum electrolytes, trace and ultra-trace elements were measured in both groups (diarrheic and healthy). The results showed significant (p< 0.05) increase of PCV% in diarrheic foals of all species. The sodium, calcium, copper, iron and lithium concentrations signif...
Muhammad Kashif Maan1, Ghulam Mustafa1, Munibullah2 and Sajid Umar2,*
...c at University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan. The patients showed the signs of ocular lesions associated with plaque formation on the cornea and sclera and papilloma formation on the lateral limbus of eye. The tumors were large and usually protruded through the palpebral fissure and infiltrate the entire eye ball. Diagnosis was made based upon the clinical and histopathological examination of the tumor...
Chao Zhao1,2, Juan Feng1, Haidong Xu1, Lihua Qiu1,2,*, Qibin Yang1, Zhenhua Ma1 and Jian G. Qin3
... on the survival of Penaeus monodon larvae and bacteria communities in the rearing tanks. The survival of P. monodon in the 36 h experimental period was not significantly affected by the water pretreatment (P > 0.05). However, the bacteria communities were significantly affected by water pretreatment (P < 0.05). Heterotrophic bacteria and vibro counts in the formalin treatment were significantly lower than UV treatment and unt...
Mirza Imran Shahzad1, Hina Ashraf2,*, Muhammad Arshad3, Sabeeha Parveen4, Amna Aslam4, Nargis Naz4, Zahid Kamran1, Sumbul Gohar Khalid5, Sajid Hameed1, Muhammad Ashfaq6 and Muhammad Mukhtar7
... rotary evaporator and finally dissolved in distilled water before taking their antiviral trials in 7-11 days old chicken embryonated eggs. The viral loads were determined through heamagglutination (HA) test. The methanolic extract of each plant was found effective against NDV but in varying order. The active extracts were further used in different concentrations and IC50 of eac...
Muhammad Shahzad Khattak1*, Amjad Khan1, Mahmood Alam Khan1, Waqas Ahmad2, Shafiq ur Rehman3, Mohammad Sharif4 and Sajjad Ahmad1
...: justify;">Drought is a natural event that can have significant impact on the economy. Pakistan is a semi-arid country where hydrological drought generally causes adverse impacts on agricultural production and hydropower generation. In this research, the characteristics of hydrological droughts in Indus River basin using stream flow data of major rivers of Pakistan were investigated. Stream flow drought indices (SDI) were used to determine the severity of dro...
Fouzia Tabssum1, Qamar uz Zaman2*, Yinglong Chen3,4, Umair Riaz5*, Waqas Ashraf6, Ambreen Aslam2, Nusrat Ehsan2, Rab Nawaz2, Humera Aziz7 and Shamim ul Sibtain Shah8
...by improving tillering dynamics, plant water-relations, chlorophyll pigments, photosynthetic pigments, morphological and yield related traits of rice cultivars. Proline application improved the efficiency of salt tolerance of rice cultivars, Shaheen basmati showed better response in terms of yield than Super basmati. In crux, foliar applications of 50 mM proline at seedling and vegetative stages are more effective for achieving the best kernel yield under sali...
Imran Khan1*, Muhammad Iqbal1 and Malik Muhammad Hashim2
..."text-align: justify;">Management practices are very important for increasing yield of sugar beet crop, amongst them irrigation intervals play an important role. The farmers do not have sufficient knowledge about the suitable irrigation time (interval). The aim of study was to explore the best irrigation time for sugar beet crop. Hence, this study examines the physiological response of sugar beet cv. California-kws with different irrigation intervals at the re...
Muhammad Amir Iqbal1, Nabila Roohi1*, Ahmad Qureshy2
...ate the alterations in renal and hepatic profile induced by overt hyperthyroidism as well as its subclinical form. A total of 179 subjects comprising both genders and fulfiling the exclusion and inclusion criteria were recruited for this prospective investigation. Sixty healthy controls, thirty four subclinical, fifty overt hyperthyroid and thirty five follow-up subjects having 3 months of anti-thyroid therapy were recruited. Commercially available diagnostic ...
Zhongquan Zhao*, Tianyuan Yang, Lei Qiao, Qijie He and Zinuo Dai
...ays. The duration of the natural estrous period of Dazu black goat (41.4±8.6 h) was longer than these reported goat breeds and was not significant difference among the different litter sizes does in the breed. The semen quality was high in different seasons. Dazu black goats might have shorter gestation period (147.9±1.7 days) and have longer kidding interval (237.8±4.6 days). The percentages of singletons, twins, triplets and quadruplets ...
Mubashir Ahmad Khan*, Nazakat Nawaz, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Ayub Khan, Tahira, Doulat Baig, Ihsan Ullah Khan and Shamim ul Sibtain Shah
...Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan. Data were recorded on days to flower initiation, days to flower completion, reproductive period, days to maturity, pod filling period, plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, seed yield (kg/ha). Seed yield ranged from 352 to 878 kg/ha with a mean value of 521 kg/ha. A total of forty genotypes produced more seed yield than standard cultivar (517 kg...
Muhammad Salman Wazir and Mohammad Akmal
...per unit area with sustainable soil use under cereal cropping system. Among the tested species sunflower and flax were not suitable choices as IC with wheat. The study concluded with the expected increase in rainfall of the changing climate in KP which is expected at the time of the wheat crop at anthesis, three N splits application i.e. NS2 and NS3 are the best options over NS1 for wheat crop in KP. Further, to adding that it minimized lodging resistant of in...
Fatih Korkmaz1, Veysel Parlak2, Özgür Kaynar3, Arzu Ucar2, Gonca Alak1,* and Muhammed Atamanalp2
...cid bacteria, Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and pH values on quality during 12 days. The decrease in bacterial growth activity, physicochemical values (TVB-N, TBARS and pH) and prolonged shelf life in a natural preservative dependence were observed in the fillets. Generally all the test parameters, such as microbiological, physicochemical as well...
Yan-Guo Han1, Xiao-Li Peng1, Kai Li1, Yu-He-Tian Zhao1, Xun-Ping Jiang2, Guang-Xin E1, Yong-Ju Zhao1, Jun-Hua Ye3, Li Xu3, Qin-Tao Zhao3 and Yong-Fu Huang1,*
...pG-SS fusion type recombinant plasmid named ptCS/2SS-asd. Twelve ram lambs were randomly divided into three groups, namely, the treatment (Group T1, ptCS/2SS-asd; Group T2, pCpG + ptS/2SS-asd) groups and the control (Group C, pVAX-asd). The vaccine (1 mg/ram) was injected into the rams at weeks 0, 3 and 6 of the study. The rams in Group T1 and T2 showed significantly higher anti-SS antibod...
Daniel Zaborski,1,* Muhammad Ali,2 Ecevit Eyduran,3 Wilhelm Grzesiak,1 Mohammad Masood Tariq,2 Ferhat Abbas,2 Abdul Waheed4 and Cem Tirink5
...ductive parameters in Harnai sheep using different data mining algorithms (artificial neural networks - ANN, classification and regression trees - CART, chi-square automatic interaction detector - CHAID and multivariate adaptive regression splines - MARS) and indicating the most influential predictors of these traits. A total of 382 reproduction records including three predictors (month of lambing - MOL, age at first lambing - AFL and lambing weight - LW) and ...
Abderraouf Chouaib Rebbah1, Mohcen Menaa2,*, Salah Telailia3,Menouar Saheb1 and Mohamed Cherif Maazi2
... woodland breeding avifauna and to analyze the spatial distribution among habitat types (oak woodlands, pine woodlands and oak-pine mixed woodlands). A total of 69 species were observed. One species was recorded only in mixed oak-pine forests, six were found exclusively in oak woodlands and 17 species were found only in pine woodlands. We noted 20 protected species, only one endangered species, and five endemic species to th...
Shaher Bano1, Sarah Ghafoor1,* and Nadia Naseem2
...a; expression during postnatal salivary gland development as it is currently unknown.Twelve male rats were taken at week three and twelve at week seven and divided into control and experimental groups. Control rats were given normal saline while experimental rats were given T3 at a dose of 1mg/kg body weight. All the animals were sacrificed on 15th day. Weight of each rat was calculated at the time of T3 administration. Body weight of experimental a...
Farhat Iqbal1, Mohammad Masood Tariq2,*, Ecevit Eyduran3, Zil-e-Huma4, Abdul Waheed5, Farhat Abbas2, Muhammad Ali2, Nadeem Rashid2, Majed Rafeeq2, Asadullah2 and Zahid Mustafa2
...deals with the Bayesian analysis as an alternative to the classical approach for estimating the body growth of Mengali sheep breed of Balochistan, Pakistan. The parameters mature weight, integration constant, maturity rate and their credible intervals of four widely-used nonlinear sigmoidal growth models were estimated through Bayesian inference. Gompertz, Logistic, Brody and Von Bertalanffy models were fitted to average mon...
Xiao-Ying Ren1, Di Zhang2 and Wan-Long Zhu1,*
...Microtus, Arvicolinae. In order to investigate the geometric morphometrics of the craniums and mandible in nine species of Eothenomys (E. fidelis, E. melanogaster, E. chinensis, E. proditor, E. custos, E. cachinus, E. eleusis, E. miletus and E.olitor), ANOVA analyses, principal components analysis, thin plate spli...
Radek Aulicky1,*, Vaclav Stejskal1 and George Opit2
... 5 stored-product pests, namely, Tribolium castaneum, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Rhyzopertha dominica and Sitophilus granarius in an experimental chamber. We tested two DDVP evaporation regimes from the strips, namely, “preventive” and “repressive”. In the “prevent...
Gangchun Xu1,2, Fukuan Du2, Yuyu Wang2, Yan Li2, Zhijuan Nie2 and Pao Xu1,2,*
...rtail anchovy (Coilia nasus) is a widely-distributed and commercially-important aquaculture species. In this study, two prostaglandin E synthase 2 (PTGES2) orthologs were identified. The full length ortholog PTGES2a was 1,575 bp and contained a 1,167-bp Open Reading Frame that encoded a protein of 388 amino acids. The 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions were 269 bp and 139 bp, respectively. The full length ortholog PTGES2b wa...
Ghulam Ali1,3, Wopke van der Werf2 and Just M. Vlak1,
.... Infected larvae with final polyhedrosis (disease resulting in dissolution of larval tissues and accumulation of viral occlusion bodies) exhibited reduced food intake and weight gain relative to uninfected larvae. The unexposed larvae and the larvae that were exposed but survived exhibited the same food consumption and weight gain. This study did thus not reveal any sub-lethal effects of exposure to the virus on food consumption and weight gain. There was no ...
Mujib ur Rahman1, Munir Khan2*, Himayatullah Khan2, Malik Muhammad Shafi2 and Haidar Ali2
... from the three villages namely Utmanzai, Rajjar and Matta-Mughal-Khel were randomly selected. A comparative analysis of chadar and suit cloth was done regarding sale in Charsadda market and other cities of the country. In Charsadda market, 3/4 producing units sold their products, while 1/4 of the producers were involved in marketing of these products to other cities of the country. Profit per month of Chadar and Suit cloth ...
Amara Amjad Hashmi1,2,*, Maqbool Hussain Sial3, Waqar Akram4 and Maaida Hussain Hashmi5,6
...his period. Thus, we use nationally representative data called as Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) from 2005-2014. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics collects this data in five rounds; 2005-06, 2007-08, 2010-11, 2011-12, and 2013-14 comprised 81102 households. Results from the headcount ratios suggest that over the period food insecurity trends of the households raised from (58%) to (77%). we find urban households a...
Muhammad Tahir Amin, Khalid Usman*, Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik and Nishter Ali
...th, fiber strength, micronaire, and fiber uniformity. Frequent irrigation interval (7th day) produced taller plants (139 cm) and more sympodial branches (18.3) compared to less frequent irrigations (10-19th day). However, 19th day irrigation interval significantly improved seed cotton yield and fiber quality traits (fiber length, fiber strength, micronaire, and fiber uniformity). Likewise, phosphorus at 150 kg ha-1 significa...
Nighat Seema1*, Muhammad Hamayun1, Husan Ara1 and Raham Sheer Khan2
...ress conditions before final recommendation for agronomic purpose. ...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari1*, Ghulam Ali Bajwa2 and S. Shafiqur Rehman1
...lue pine (Pinus wallichiana) was studied in Galies Forest Division -Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, for the time period 1962-2011. Time function response and impacts of changing climate were estimated on the basis of annual ring-width and intra-ring wood formations. The results showed mean ring-width of 2.54±0.11 mm/annum with mean sensitivity and coefficient of variation of 0.38 and 19.50%, respectively. Overall, a decreasing trend was observ...
Muhamad Jawad*, Shahid Riaz Malik, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar, Muhammad Asadullah, Israr Hussain and Rabia Khalid
... mechanized harvesting. Analysis of variance for qualitative and quantitative traits showed significant variability among the genotypes. Correlation analysis indicates negative correlation of yield with lowest pod height and highly significant correlation between lowest pod height and plant height. Cluster analysis performed for qualitative and quantitative traits separately. It was observ...
Sahar Shibli1,2*, Farzana Siddique1, Saeeda Raza2, Zaheer Ahsan3 and Irum Raza4
... the study for compositional quality and peanut butter development. Chemical composition of peanut cultivars indicated 5.53±0.20 to 5.93±0.02 % moisture, 2.00±0.11 to 2.17±0.05% ash, 49.80±3.54 to 50.90±0.93% fats, 23.83±1.71 to 26.43±1.15 % proteins, 13.23±2.20 to 19.42±3.83 % carbohydrates and 4.95±0.06 to 8.53± % fiber. Mineral analysis of...
Asim Faraz1,*, Muhammad Younas2, Abdul Waheed1, Muhammad Yaqoob2 and Kashif Ishaq3
...MS) and semi-intensive management systems (SIMS). Twelve Marecha calves were randomly allotted to two comparable groups of 6, (3 ♂ and 3 ♀). First group animals were reared under IMS, fed concentrate @ 1 kg/h/d plus crop residues of gram (Cicer arientinum) ad lib while in second group, calves were reared under SIMS, sent for grazing 8 hours daily plus gram crop residues ad lib. Twice watering was done in both the groups. At end of tria...
A.H. Shahzad1, A. Sattar1,*, A. Husnain1, I. Ahmad2, N. Ahmad1, D. Nak3 and Y. Nak3
... improved reproductive management in dairy industry. Our objectives were to appraise CIDR-EB based estrus synchronization and used CIDR-Ovsynch based resynch protocol in lactating Holstein cows at two different geographical locations. On location A, 160 postpartum cows were enrolled in standard CIDR-EB protocol. Cows were subjected to timed AI and randomly assigned into two groups: 1) control (n=70), subjected to AI on detected estrus (AIDE) from d18-d3...
Jair Millán-Orozco1,*, Jersson Millán-Orozco2 and Luz María Tejada-Ugarte3
... study was conducted to analyze the grazing behavior of Saint Croix sheep at 18º N in Mexico. The present study was carried out using ten adult ewes, 32.8±5.1 kg, stocked on a Taiwan grass (Pennisetum purpurem) pasture maintained at a sward surface height of 30 cm. Observations were conducted during daylight hours (06:00-18:00) from May to April of the next year for three consecutive days every month of the following year. The highest (P<...
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Memoona Chaudhary2, Riaz Hussain3, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan4, Muhammad Luqman Sohail5,*, Madiha Khan6, Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Mehtab Ahmad7, Muhammad Sajid Hasni2, Imran Qaiser8, Ghazanfar Rashid1, Ikramul Haq1 and Ikramullah Khan8
...re the epidemiological dynamics of subclinical mastitis, caused by Staphylococcus aureus, in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) reared in two distinct agro-ecological zones of Pakistan viz. Cholistan desert and Suleiman mountain range. A total of 768 lactating she-camels were screened for subclinical mastitis using California mastitis test (CMT). A preformed questionnaire was used to obtain data for ...
Muhammad Saqib Shahzad1, Amina Arif1,*,Saeeda Kalsoom2, Javed Iqbal3, Shahnam Shafique2, Muhammad Shahid Nadeem4 and Rafique Ahmed5
...alues were recorded and analyzed for rapid virologic response (RVR), non-rapid virologic response (NRVR), sustained virologic response (SVR) and non-sustained virologic response (NSVR). Among the evaluated patients RVR was found among 81.5% and NRVR among 18.5%. Out of RVR patients, SVR was found in majority (80.2%). However, among NRVR equal percentage of SVR and NSVR was found. An inverse association of SVR was found against the patient age and viral load in...
Mudassar Javed, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed*, Muhammad Luqman and Muhammad Afzal
Muhammad Furqan1, Usman Ali1,*, Anjum Ara1, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad2, Muhammad Siddique Awan3, Riaz Aziz Minhas3, Khawaja Basharat Ahmad3, Qamar Zaman Qamar4 and Naeem Iftikhar Dar5
...ows counted and habitat analysed using quadrat method. Mongoose was distributed with average population density of 9.8 animal/km2, with highest (17.8 animal/Km2) density at Kalyal and lowest (3.5 animal/km2) at Panyam. Most favored altitudinal range was 450 m to-550 m (asl). Population density was the highest (12 animals/km2) in October and lowest (7.4 animals/km2) in Ma...
Effect of Seed Inoculation with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on Yield and Quality of Soybean
Saima Yousaf1,2, Ali Zohaib2*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum2, Tahira Tabassum2, Tasawer Abbas3, Sohail Irshad4, Usman Javed5 and Naila Farooq6
...rus solubilizer (Pseudomonas fluorescens)] were applied to three different cultivars of soybean (EBR4V4, Freedom and Swat-84). The results showed that seed inoculation with R. japonicum and P. fluorescens improved the grain yield, biological yield, oil content and protein content of soybean, as compared to un-inoculated control. Seed inoculation with P. fluorescens was more effective than R. japonicum in improving grain yield and quality. The genotypes did not...
Babar Tasim1, Tariq Masood1*, Zafar Ali Shah1, Muhammad Arif2, Ata Ullah1, Ghazal Miraj3 and Muhammad Samiullah4
...garcane (Saccharum officinarum) bagasse (BG) and Animal dung (AD) were pyrolyzed at temperature range of 300-500 oC in order to compare the biochar samples obtained on the base of its physical and chemical properties. Physico-chemical characteristic such as pH, EC, proximate composition, macro and micronutrients, surface functional groups identification by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and structure morpholo...
Muhammad Ilyas*, Sardar Ali Khan, Shahid Iqbal Awan and Shafiq-Ur-Rehman
...ion was depicted. While, narrow sense heritability and genetic advance was lower for remaining parameters under both the environmental conditions which clearly specified that non-additive gene action was present. Results indicated that the said breeding material might be better suited for heterosis breeding under drought prone semi-arid areas. ...
Ali Bakhsh1*, Mashal Rehman1, Said Salman1 and Rehmat Ullah2
...an. Under the present scenarios of climate change and water security cotton production is under threat so, it is imperative for plant breeders to develop cotton lines that can grow on minimum water availability. In this study performance of 23 cotton genotypes was compared for seed cotton yield and fiber quality traits under water stress and non-stress conditions. All the genotypes depicted significant differences for days to first square formation, days to fi...
Salman Ali*, Inamullah, Muhammad Arif, Mehran Ali, Muhammad Owais Iqbal, Fazal Munsif and Arsalan Khan
...oil but is mostly in an unavailable form. A field experiment was, therefore established at Agronomy Research Farm the University of Agriculture Peshawar-KP to evaluate the response of maize toward different K levels under varied irrigation frequencies, during Autumn, 2015. Randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement was used with a subplot size of 3m × 2m. Treatments consisted of six irrigation frequencies; I0 (no irrigation), I1 (irriga...
Zakiullah1, Muhammad Farid Khan1*, Muhammad Mohibullah3, Muhammad Iqbal2, Irfanullah3, Faheemullah3, Madiha Urooj1 and Uzma Arif1
... (Zea mays L.) open pollinated varieties (OPVS) viz; PSEV-3, Azam, Sarhad white, Jalal, Iqbal and Pahari were used in this experiment to determine their combining ability through 6 x 6 diallel mating design. The research was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications at Cereal Crop Research Institute (CCRI) Pirsabak, Nowshehra (K.P.K) Pakistan during the year 2015. The results displayed highly significant (P≤0.01) variation among a...
Raza Ullah1* and Jamal Shah2
...posure of agriculture to natural environment makes this sector more vulnerable to climate changes and climate induced risks including rising temperature, changes in rainfall patterns, floods, droughts and heavy rains etc. Farmers adopt available risk coping tools to minimize the impacts of such risks at farm level however, these adoptions require farmers to incur cost or forgo part of the potential benefits from agricultural production. These costs (explicit o...
Shamesa Maryam1, Ajaz Ahmad Sandhu1, Imran Bodlah2*, Muhammad Asif Aziz2, Ayesha Aihetasham3
...ore the Aphid’s fauna of Gujranwala and carried out during January to March (2016). For this purpose aphids were collected from twenty two host plants at six different localities of Gujranwala area of Punjab province, Pakistan. Total 12 species namely; Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Aphis gossypii, Aphis nerii, Rhopalosiphum padi, Lipaphis erysimi, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Myzus persicae, ...
Farheen Shaikh*, Saima Naz, Nadir Ali Birmani
...hilopteridae 32.64% Menacanthus abdominalis (Piaget, 1880) and 22.87% Menacanthus cornutus belongs to family Menoponidae. The results revealed high infestation found in birds of rural localities. The present study will help to understand host-parasite interaction in study area.
...
Syeda Beenish Bukhari1, Sidra Khalid1*, Shahid Bashir1, Riffat Mehboob2, Humaira Waseem2
...rough pre-tested questionnaire. Data were tabulated and analyzed with the help of SPSS version 21.0. Results of current study showed that barriers to complete vaccination course were lack of information, myths, un-availability, non-affordability, fear of side effects and fear of lack of safety of vaccination procedure/ dirty needles. A
Ateeq ur Rehman1, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Muhammad Irfan Zafar1, Faqeer Hussain2, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar3 and Azhar Ali Khan3
...great reduction in the management of the disease. ...
Shumaila Nazeer1, Iqbal Javed1*, Allah Bakhsh2, Mudassar Yasin2, Haroon Javaid3 and Kaniz Fatima1
...nd the margin and determinants of kinnow exports from Pakistan to international markets of UAE and USA by using the primary data. Primary data is collected through pretested questionnaire from 30 kinnow exporters out of total 40 exporters. Personal interviews were conducted by selecting convenient sampling technique. A...
Sabi-ur-rehman1, Farooq Azam1, Shaheed Ur Rehman2, Tasbeeh Ur Rahman3, Ayeza Mehmood4, Afshan Gohar5 and Abdul Samad5*
... phytochemistry, traditional uses as well as therapeutic potential of Conocarpus erectus. This plant was selected due to its great medicinal importance like its leaves and fruits have been using traditionally as antipyretic, anti diabetic, anti malarial and for the treatment of conjunctivitis, syphilis, gonorrhea, orchitis, diarrhea, anemia, prickly heat and swellings etc. The plant has al...
Muhammad Asad Saleem1,*, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1, Mudssar Ali1, Muhammad Amin2, Muhammad Tayyab1,3 and Sumaira Maqsood4
...hal doses of B. bassiana and biorational insecticide (Nitenpyram). Sugarcane sets as alternate to date palm stem were successfully used as diet for rearing RPW. Combination of entomopathogenic fungus (Bb) and Nitenpyram (Nit) were found more lethal to survival of RPW. A reduction in pupation and adult emergence was recorded in the combined treatme...
Aqeel Mehboob, Syed Muhammad Zaka*, Muhammad Sarmadand Maryam Bajwa
...nthetic pesticides, alternative methods like botanical extract in the control of this pest consider greater importance nowadays. The antifeedant and oviposition deterrent index of Moringa oleifera, Murraya paniculata and Piper nigrum leaf extracts were evaluated against S. litura by choice and no choice method under laboratory controlled conditions. In M. oleifera extract, the maximum antifeedant index was recorded in 125.00 ...
Mujahid Niaz Akhtar* and Amjad Farooq
...ators are exploited to manage pest population. The objective of present study was to find relationships between predator’s Coccinellid septempunctata, Lynx spider and preys Helicoverpa armigera, Pectinophora gossypiella, Earias vitella populations found on cultivated cotton crops (government approved varieties) in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Data was collected after ten days of interval during crop season from 2014 to 2016 rand...
Tamoor Azeem1,*, M. Yasin Tipu1, Asim Aslam1, Sajjad Ahmed2, Salman Ahmed Abid1, Abdullah Iqbal3, Naeem Akhtar4, Muhammad Saleem4, Aamerzish Mushtaq4 and Sajid Umar4
... Babesia, and Anaplasma. The current study was executed to investigate haematobiochemical alterations in camels during haemoparasitism. Blood samples were collected from 200 camels of either sex and different ages from district Attock. Samples were processed for haematobiochemical analysis and thin smear stained with Field stain according to standard procedure. Out of 200 camels 46% of them have blood parasites...
Muhammad Tufail1, Naila Chand1, Rafiullah1, Shakoor Ahmad2, Rifat Ullah Khan2, Muhammad Mobashar3 and Shabana Naz4,*
...to find the effect of Mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) on the performance and gut morphology of broiler chicks (Ross 308) during the finisher phase. A total of 180 of 22 days broiler chicks were distributed into 3 treatments with 3 replicates having 20 chicks per replicate. One group was kept as control and the birds in this treatment were fed on basal ration without alteration in feed contents while the other treatments MOS-50 and MOS-100 represented 50 and 100 g ...
Khwaja Tariq Ziad1, Umar Hayat1, Muhammad2 and Muhammad Suleman Bacha3*
...is blessed with abundant natural resources, especially vast agricultural resources on account of its fertile irrigated land, four seasons and glorious history of old traditions of farming. The current study is designed to analyse the response of participants an informal and formal supply chains for small-scale dairy farmers in Pakistan. The study aimed at explaining the costs of the chosen supply channels and their transacti...
Shamsher Ali1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Zahir Shah2, Naveedullah3 and Abdul Jalal1
...iculture, Peshawar. The analyzed data parameters were percent emergence, plant height, number of leaves, shoots and roots weight. The results revealed that all data parameters except number of leaves were affected significantly (p < 0.05) by different levels of salinity. Irrespective of maize varieties, the percent emergence, plant height, number of leaves, shoots and roots weight of Maize were reduced with linear increasing levels of salinity. Among the ge...
Muhammad Huzaifa Mehmood1, Muhammad Ahmad Iqbal2, Muhammad Daood1, Muhammad Rizwan Tariq3*, Khubaib Ali3
...value then other traditional meats. To enhance the quality of rabbit meat oat is used as feed for rabbits, because oat is good source of dietary ingredients. In this study 2-4% oat seeds were used to investigate their dietary response. The range of oat that is used in this research will improved the blood lipid and fatty acid profiles and reduced the percentage of fat of rabbit meat. Rabbits were reared for the period of two month in three groups. Slaught...
Mehran Ali1*, Inamullah1, Muhammad Bilal2, Salman Ali1, Farooq Nawaz1 and Muhammad Owais Iqbal1
...ugh could be better alternate for urea to improve maize productivity on sustainable basis. ...
Muhammad Amin1, Aftab Ahmad Khan2, Abida Perveen1, Zareen Rauf1, Sher Shah Hassan2*, Muhammad Arif Goheer2 and Muhammad Ijaz2
...: justify;">Drought is a natural hazard spreading gradually and caused serious harm to nature. It is frequently known as a “crawling phenomenon” or “crawling Disaster” as it is a plodding physical process and its effects spatially varies. Misperception on drought and its features is common in defining policies and caused delays in its prevention (Gore, 2002). Pakistan is one the counties which is affe...
Ajmal Khan Kassi1*, Humayun Javed1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
...Borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee) under field conditions. The cultivar Round White Brinjal showed maximum fruit infestation (54.44%) followed by Singhnath 666 (53.19%) while the minimum fruit infestation was observed on Round Brinjal 86602 (42.39%). Contrarily, Short Purple cultivar showed maximum larval population (0.43) followed by Round White Brinjal (0.39) while the minimum larval population was observed on Roun...
Rahat Afza, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed and Muhammad Asam Riaz*
...secticides in field to manage aphids cause impairment of several key biological traits of the exposed coccinellids through physiological and behavioral effects. It is crucial to understand the effects of insecticides on the coccinellids. The current research was aimed at determining the intra-guild predation (IGP) of different life stages combinations of Coccinella septempunctata and Coccinella transversalis in...
Pingping Cang1, Mingming Zhang1, Guo Qiao1,Qirui Sun1, Dehai Xu3, Qiang Li1, Xinghua Yuan4 and Wenbin Liu2,*
... Economic profitability analysis included analysis on gross revenue, break-even production, net present value, payback time, degree of operating leverage, and environmental costs under experimental conditions was conducted. Analysis results revealed that BFT system was more effective than the control system with water exchange in gibel carp culture, suggesting that BFT system could be succ...
Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik1, Khalid Usman1*, Tahir Amin1, Muhammad Riaz2, Zafar Iqbal3 and Fiaz Hussain1
... of Pakistan. In this scenario, drought-tolerant cotton cultivars with zero tillage could be the best option. This research aims to quantify the impact of limited water on lint yield and quality of cotton genotypes. An experiment was managed in a split plot, randomized complete block design, replicated thrice at the Agricultural Research Institute, Dera Ismail Khan. The experiment was conducted in 2016 using treatments irrig...
Sumaira Maqsood1,*, Muhammad Afzal2, Muhammad Saleem Haider1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1, Muhammad Ali1, Muhammad Ashfaq1, Muhammad A. Aqueel2 and Muhammad Irfan Ullah2
...ne and in different combinations against 2nd and 4th instar larvae of S. litura. The highest mortality of larvae was recorded after 7 days of application when both insect pathogens were used in combination (SpltNPV 1×108 POB/ml + Bt 0.1 μg/g) i.e. 85.25, 79.31 and 92.11% mortality (in case of 2nd instar larvae) and 70.42, 63.64 and 80.88% (in case 4
Zhen-li Li1,2, Hui-fang Zhou2,*, Bo-ru Zhou2, Bei Liu2, Xiao-fei Jiang2 and Jian-ya Xu2
...the effect of BSZYF on gonadotropins and gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) signaling transduction in mifepristone-induced LPD rats. To explore the effect of BSZYF on the pituitary in mifepristone-induced LPD rats, SD female rats were administered mifepristone suspension via oral gavage, followed by pharmaceutical intervention. Then, the serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH...
Jian Wang1,*, Zhi Liu2, Sheng Xu2, Mei-Fen Hu2, Xiao-Rui Liu1 and Wen-Jie Cai1
... patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). It was used to dynamically observe of Hemodialysis on the concentration of the CXCL8 in serum and the levels of CXCL8 mRNA in neutrophils were respectively measured by ELISA and PCR. The house keeping gene encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as the inter...
Bei Liu1, Yanli Hong1, Huifang Zhou1,*, Zhenzhen Cao1, Shuang Zhang1, Jing Jin1, Miao Jiang1, Cunsi Shen2 and Jianjian Ji2
...ZYD-containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Thus, a total of five groups of cells, including blank (+) group, Cetrorelix (+) group, CSF with BSZY (+) group, model-treated (+) group and corresponding blocker-treated group were established. Secretion levels of related hormone and their mRNAs were detected in the supernatant of each group. The mR
Peng Song1,2, Wei Feng2, Haiying Shi2,Jinsheng Zhao3, Renmin Liu3 and Wei Xu2,*
...ing azo dyes will contaminate the environment without decolorization. Bacterial decolorization generally demonstrates good color removal effects. In this study, the capability of Enterococcus avium to decolorize both water and oil-soluble azo dyes were investigated. The bacteria was incubated under static conditions in the presence of 50mg/L Amaranth or 5 mg/L Sudan I in LB media at 37°C for 10 h, and reduction of the dyes was monitored. The prefera...
Hao Gu*, Zhi Yang, Weiqiang Yu, Kan Xu and Yuan-fei Fu*
... capsaicin on four sectional cariogenic bacteria indicated high efficiency of antibacterial activity of capsaicin. Antibacterial activity of capsaicin on Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces viscosus, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus sanguis were proved in this study. In vivo experiments of capsaicin should be conducted later via establishing animal model of caries simulating human oral environment. After the complete experiments, capsaicin is expected to b...
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Nosheen Fatima1, Raheel Babar3 and Ikramul Haq4
...-align: justify;">Mother nature creates a delicate balance between living and non-living elements of the environment known as ecosystem and biodiversity. Any disruption in this balance may result catastrophic effect on the environment including impact on plant, animal and human life. Hence, efforts to maintain a healthy biodiversity through conservation are needed. Since the life is passing through the time of global warming and climate variation, new issues f...
Hamidullah1,*, Arshad Javid2, Basit Rasheed1,Jehan Zeb3, Abidullah1 and Muhammad Iftikhar Khan1
...nt study. Five congeners namely common Pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Javan Pipistrelle P. javanicus, Coromandel Pipistrelle P. coromandra, least Pipistrelle P. tenuis and Kelaart’sPipistrelle P. ceylonicus were recorded for the first time from the study area. Average forearm length of P. pipistrellus, P. javanicus, P. coromandra, P. tenuis and P. ceylonicus was recorded 30.9&p...
Rahila Huma1,2, Tariq Mahmud1,*, Rubina Munir2, Sana Javaid Awan3,Kiran Iftikhar4 and Mufakkira-Tul-Islam5
...rous potential of novel Enaminone and its Cadmium complex was estimated by measuring its cytotoxicity for human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Both compounds PFA and PFA-Cd were prepared and subsequently characterized by FTIR, ICP-AES, UV-Vis, TGA, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and FAB-MS. The results were in great consistency with the structures of the both compounds. Furthermore, the ligand and its metal complex were screened for their cytotoxicity...
Aisha Siddiqua1*, Munir Ahmad1 and Nusrat Habib2
...erform a counterfactual analysis and Multinomial Endogenous Switching (MES) regression model to analyze and compare the impact of different adaptation strategies in isolation or in combination on yield. The primary data of ‘Climate Change Impact Survey 2012-13’ used for this purpose. Crop-specific strategies of change in the time of sowing, use of inorganic fertilizer, change i...
Syed Amjad Kamal Jan* and Naushad Khan
...ged in this district to analyze the situation. Seeing to its importance the present study was started in 2016 and completed in2018. The major objectives of the study were to determine the factors which affect the production per acre of rice and analyze the problems and constraints faced to rice grower in the study area. The universe of the study was Lower Dir District which consist of seven tehsil while on the basis of more ...
Najeeb Ullah1, Niamat Ullah Khan2*, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1, Muhammad Safdar Baloch1, Ejaz Ahmad Khan1, Farkhanda Khan3 and Zaki Ullah4
...ength, strength and micronaire amongst the other sowing dates. Results further showed that CIM-602 ranked first in number of bolls/plant, weight per boll, seed cotton yield, staple length, strength and micrronaire in April 15 sowing. Former and later on cotton sowing than April 15 resulted in decreased cotton yield and fibre due to shorter growth phase and unsuitable environment, respectively. Thus it is concluded that the g...
Sonia1, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai1*, Noor Paio Khan2, Abbas Ullah Jan1 and Gulnaz Hameed3
...odel” for further analysis. Major estimates of the overall 30 years data reveal that among non-climatic variables, area under wheat cultivation and seed are highly significant to the wheat yield at 1 percent level of significance. Whereas, contribution of fertilizer to wheat crop in KP province was observed insignificant. Furthermore, the computation of climatic variables depicts that temperature contributes significantly but has inverse association with...
Huseyin Cetin1,*, Oner Kocak2, Emre Oz1, Samed Koc1, Yesim Polat1 and Kalender Arıkan2
...d as a synergist in combination with SPs for the control of houseflies. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of SPs (cypermethrin, permethrin and deltamethrin) and their combination with different rates of PBO (1: 0.125, 1:0.25, 1:0.5 and 1:1) against four Turkish house fly populations (Ankara, Antalya, Gaziantep and Şanlıurfa) in laboratory conditions. According to results the use of PBO in combi
Mehwish Akram1,2,* and Naeem Rashid1
...m resulted in altered axonal projections of lateral neurons (LNv) towards the dorsal neurons (DN). Moreover, it was observed that lack of the potassium channels also caused a robust increase in sleep and reduction in the fly’s active period during the day. We observed that the normal circadian control of the morning and evening anticipation is also dependant on these potassium channels. The flies deficient in IRK1 channels didn’t show an evening an...
Zhi YiJin1, Shao MingQin1,*, Cui Peng2 and Chen Bin1
...the Jiangxi province, China. The results showed that the Mandarin Ducks’ predominant behaviors were resting (36.56%), swimming (21.75%), foraging (20.88%), and maintenance (15.58%), indicating that during the winter, Mandarin Ducks spend most of their time accumulating energy. Mandarin Ducks reduced their energy consumption by increasing time spent on resting behavior. Females spent ...
Tongliang Wang1, Lele Jia1, Xiaofei Zhai1, Jianguo Cui2 and Jichao Wang1,*
... is imprecise. Here, we analyzed the acoustic characteristics of male calls and both male and female hearing sensitivity in an explosive-breeding toad Duttaphrynus melanostictus to test the matched filter hypothesis.Male toads emitted a series of multisyllabic calls that were composed of single notes with a dominant frequency of 1494 ± 80 Hz. The dominant frequency reflected ...
Samiah Shahid1,Jawaria Shaheen1, Wajeehah Shahid2, M. Waheed Akhtar1,3 and Saima Sadaf1,*
...technique for the determination of circulating miRNA expression. Despite recent advancements, there is not a single consensus on the use of reference gene for quantification of circulating miRNAs through qPCR analyses in ALL. In the current study, we identified the reference gene tha...
Tafail Akbar Mughal1, Muhammad Zubair Saleem2, Shaukat Ali3,*, Khawaja Khurshid Anwar1, Muhammad Majid Bashir1, Muhammad Babar4 and Muhammad Adeeb Khan1
...nd LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) and biochemical components like glucose, urea, lipids, cholesterol and protein contents both in the liver and blood while DNA and RNA contents only in liver. The administration of CCl4 resulted in increase in plasma ALAT and decrease in LDH. Vitamin E pre-treatment abolished CC...
Supply Response Analysis of Wheat Growers in District Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Farm Level Analysis
Farhan, Shahid Ali* and Syed Attaullah Shah
Dur-E-Shahwar1,2, Riaz Ahmad Sheikh1, Nazia Jamil2*
...tants are surface active naturally occurring compounds which are produced by microorganisms that have several applications in petroleum, pharmaceutical and agricultural industries. Produced water is a major waste water stream of petroleum industry which is produced during petroleum extraction from subsurface in which hydrocarbons are found as a main environmental pollutant. Present study is focused on production of biosurfactants from indigenous bacteria, isol...
Saira Zaheer1, Abrar Hussain1*, Aqsa Khalil1, Muhammad Mansha1, Muhammad Lateef2
...us parasite of small ruminants, and is a major cause of diseases and significant mortality in various cattle, sheep, deer, buffalo and goat, etc. Various synthetic anthelmintics have been used, on wide scale, to control the helminths infections.But the parasite worms have developed multiple resistances against the synthetic anthelmintics. Hence, various biological controls, vaccines and local medicinal plants are being explo...
Imran Bodlah1, Ammara Gull-E-Fareen1, Muhammad Tariq Rasheed1, Muhammad Amin2, Ayesha Aihetasham3
...a septempunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) and Menochilus sex maculata (Fabricius, 1781) from various areas of Pothwar. Main identification characters of N. mirabilis supported with measurements and illustrations are provided here with notes on distributional range.
...
Ali Awais, Charassri Nualsri and Watcharin Soonsuwon*
... diverse characters to a natural population, researchers sometimes opt for mutation breeding. This research has been done to investigate the effective doses of EMS and to observe the phenotypic variability of the two upland rice genotypes Dawk Pa-yawm (white rice) and Dawk Kha 50 (red rice), in Thailand. Seeds of the potential genotypes has been treated with varying EMS concentrations. With the increase in concentration, there was a continuous decrease in germ...
Noor ul Ain*, Malik Muhammad Shafi and Haidar Ali*
... selected vegetables (Spinach, Pea, Potato and Cabbage-Cauliflower) in district Peshawar for the year April, 2017. Through proportion allocation technique a total number of 120 households were selected from two villages namely Landi Arbab and Deh Bahadar. Data was analyzed through Double log model for estimation of demand for the selected vegetables. It was found that household head in Lan...
Rizwan Ullah Shah* and Iqbal Munir
...neration of Brassica carinata. Seeds were sterilized and germinated, of which one week cotyledon and hypocotyl were used for callus formation and shoot regeneration at five different level of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid NAA (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/l) and 6-benzyl amino purine BAP (0.1, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/l),...
Omer Baris Ince*
...endemic, protective vaccinations are performed with inactive vaccines of suitable serotype and measures are taken in order to reduce the prevalence of the disease. In this study, blood samples were collected from clinically healthy sheep and bovine in the surrounding region of the southeast of Konya province that were classified as non-vaccinated, single-vaccina
Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Syed Burhan-ud-Din2, Muhammad Fahad Khan1, Ateeq ur Rehman1, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar3, Azhar Ali Khan3 and Naila Ilyas1
...ely. Three weeks’ analysis of treated mungbean leaves with SA and BTH exhibited peak accumulation of phenols and defense related enzymatic antioxidants. Highest enzymatic activity was observed in treated plants followed by inoculation with MYMV. Increase in resistance by the application of SA and BTH, antioxidant enzymatic activities of SOD, POD, CAT were also increased for second week. This revealed that SA and BTH can be used as a potential source for ...
Naseer Ahmed Abbasi1, Mian Noor Hussain Asghar Ali1*, Bilawal Abbasi2, Shakeel Ahmed Soomro1, Najeeb Ahmed Khan Nangraj1, Jam Ghulam Mustafa Sahto1 and Sajjad Ahmed Morio1
...e is the basic source of national income and food of all developing countries of the world, but land manager and farmers face the main problem when and where to cultivate. The present study was aims to analyze the efficiency of the parametric and fuzzy set methods in the land assessment for wheat production of Tando Allahyar district of Sindh Province. T...
Hina Ali*, Iram Shaheen and Feroza Hamid Wattoo
...-chemical and microbial analysis of drinking water samples of different areas of Rawalpindi. The water samples were collected into sterile containers from the different localities of Rawalpindi such as Dhokekala khan, Morgah, Scheme-III, Gulshandadan khan, Satellite town, Dhoke kashmirian, Pandora, Bahria town, University campus (Mehr water) and Air Port. The pH of PMAS-AAUR campus water ( Mehr Water) was found within WHO recommended values (pH limit 6.5-8.5) ...
Zhiwen Zou, Jianfei Xi, Fen Chen, Rui Xu, Tianrong Xin and Bin Xia*
...trus.
...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2,*, Muhammad Jafir1, Muhammad Wajid Javed1, Sumaira Maqsood3 and Samina J.N. Ahmad1,2,*
...in Punjab. Phylogenetic analysis was also complemented to differentiate DCB identified from other countries of the world. The PCR bands obtained in gel electrophoresis amplified PCR fragments from all DCB species at 710 bp. The sequencing results and phylogenetic analysis with sequences submitted at NCBI database revealed that DCB have 99-100% similarity with Oxycarenus hyalinipennis OH1 (JQ342987.1), Oxycarenus hy...
Muhammad Aslam Rajput1,3, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan2, Rehana Naz Syed3 and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi3*
... tillering and less germination. While, other inoculation techniques, including soil infestation and spraying method caused least infection that results in a comparatively low level of disease development. Diseased plants produced profuse tillers, but of no use as emerging tillers were very weak. Significant positive correlations were found among the disease incidence and other traits as well as between numbers of whips and tillers. ...
Muhammad Ali1,2*, Norsida Man2 and Farrah Melissa Muharam2
...tivation of farmers to manage their agricultural risks exclusively from the lens of Malaysia. Thus, the research was formulated to assess the motivation of farming community towards agricultural risk management in Malaysia. The research data were gathered through pre designed interview schedule from 360 randomly selected farmers through multistage cluster sampling technique. In order to measure motivation of respondents, lik...
Rehmat Ullah* and Khalid Nawab
...ew schedule through personal interview method whereas binary logistic regression model was utilized (binary responses (1 if exists 0 otherwise) both of dependent and independent variables) to find out the effect of precautionary measures and Personal Protection Equipment on self-reported acute poising cases. Bi
Shakeel Ahmad Anjum1, Muhammad Mohsin Raza2, Sami Ullah1, 3*, Malik Muhammad Yousaf2, Ahmad Mujtaba1, Mumtaz Hussain2, Muhammad Jahangir Shah2, Bashir Ahmad2 and Ijaz Ahmad4
..., deep tillage, conventional tillage, minimum tillage, simple cultivation flat sowing, simple cultivation ridge sowing, zero tillage dibbling and zero tillage drill were performed as the experimental treatments. Results showed that maize hybrid sown under deep tillage gave the maximum grain yield (7.2 t ha-1), number of grains cob-1 (528), 1000-grain weight (265 g), plant height (205 cm), plant population (7.2 plants m-2) and stem diameter (1.58 cm), cob lengt...
Rafiullah1*, Abdur Rahman2, Khalid Khan1, Anwar Ali1, Arifullah Khan2, Abdul Sajid3 and Naimatullah Khan3
...Theileria parva at Veterinary Research Institute Peshawar. The overall prevalence for Theileriosis was 27.75% through Real-time PCR, followed by Indirect ELISA (24.62%) and Microscopy (11.37%). Transect wise high prevalence for Theileria parva was observed in Lakki Marwat with 33.5% for Real-time PCR, significantly different at P<0.05 from Peshawar. Cattle showed 100% more positive results as compared to Buffalo. All the techniques showed highest prevalence...
Ahmed Samy1*, Hala Mohamed Nabil Tolba2, Gamelat Kotb Farag3 and Ahmed Abd El Halim1
...viruses (NDV), that designated pigeon paramyxovirus 1 (PPMV1) commonly isolated from pigeons (family Columbidae). PPMV1 not only represent a potential threat to pigeon but also it can infect chickens and its virulence enhanced upon passaging in chickens causing clinical signs and deaths. In the present study brain samples were collected from twelve pigeon flocks exhibiting signs of nervousness and diarrhea in a live bird market (LVM) in Egypt. All collected sa...
Nasira Khatoon1, Aly Khan2,*, S.S. Shahid3, Z.S. Saify4, M. Arshad Azmi1 and Wali Khan5
...istory and clinical examination which included scraping of papillae or burrow to confirm the diagnosis. To test the incidence in various age groups and body parts a chi-square (χ²) test of association (R × C contingency test) was performed. The association of body parts and age groups was significant. Most of the patients above the age of 10 were either working in vegetable market or were rag pickers working near garbage bins. The highest...
Khalid Khan1, Saima Liaqat2*, Somaiya Rasheed1 and Ihsanullah Kakar3
...a well-regulated questionnaires from one hundred livestock farmers of diverse Tehsil/Union Council of District Lasbela. The findings of the study exhibited that trivial farm holders widely used livestock for income generation. Furthermore, livestock have a predominant role to accomplish the rudimentary needs of the households. Moreover, livestock offer opportunities of income generation and to spend it on education, health a...
Ali Raza Jahejo1,2, Nasir Rajput2, Wen-xia Tian1,*, Muhammad Naeem2, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro2, Asmatullah Kaka2, Sheng Niu1 and Fa-jie Jia1
...y. Improvement of intestinal villus seen in basil supplementary group (P>0.05), and significant increase in the absorption of crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), and metabolized energy (ME). However, the values of red blood cells and packed cell volume were non-significant whereas white blood cells, haemoglobin, and new castle disease antibody titer were significantly higher in basil supplementary group. The weight gain and feed conversion ratio significa...
Fariha Latif* and Muhammad Javed
...markers to assess contaminants impact on fish at earlier level of exposure. Fish from different species has diverse ecological needs and respond differently to the environmental stress conditions. Thus, the sensitivity, bioaccumulation and antioxidant capacities of three major carps Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhina mrigala towards metals mixture (Cd+Cr+Cu+Pb) were determined during present research...
Muhammad Usman Ahmadand Ikram-ul-Haq*
...ed and identified preliminary on the basis of microscopy and biochemical testing. E. coli strain EC4 was screened as best oxyrase producer with activity of 0.41±0.008U/mL/min with 41% reduction in dissolved oxygen at pH 7.5, temperature 37°C, 25mM lactate as H+ donor after 20 min. This strain was later on confirmed by 16S ribotyping procedure. Oxyrase was used for improved cultivation of anaerobi...
Ajmal Khan Kassi1,*, Humayun Javed1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
...leaf midrib and leaf lamina were comparatively less in case of comparatively resistant varieties as compared to intermediate resistant and comparatively susceptible varieties. With one exception in each category, no significant differences were observed regarding area, moisture, thickness of leaves and fruit length of okra varieties. The leaf area was slightly greater in comparatively resistant varieties. Similarly, fruit was found to be significantly more in ...
Muhammad Hidayat Rasool1,*, Muhammad Zaheer1, Muhammad Farooque Hassan2, Muhammad Shafique1 and Muhammad Usman Qamar1
... (59; 38.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (46; 30.3%), Escherichia coli (36; 23.7%), Klebsiella oxytoca (4; 2.6%), Serratia marcescens (3; 2%), Enterobacter agglomerans (2; 1.3%) and Enterobacter cloacae (2; 1.3%). Out of 103 carbapenem-resistant isolates, 58 (55.1%) were positive by DDDT and 49 (46.7%) by MHT. Most of the carbapenems MBL resistant isolates were resistant towards drugs such as cephalosporin, ceftazidime but...
Hua-Lun Luo, Yi-Yu Zhang*, Yuan-Yu Qin and Lei Wu
...ntitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that the duck ChREBP mRNA is widely expressed in all examined tissues. ChREBP mRNA level was the highest in abdominal fat and the lowest in gizzard. The g.247075G>A silent mutation in exon 10 was first identified by direct sequencing appr...
Hafiz Abdullah Akbar, Zafar Iqbal, Waqas Raza*, MuhammadUsman Ghazanfar and Salman Ahmad
...tracts alone and in combination with wax and 3 concentrations of salicylic acid alone and in combination with wax. The study revealed that in case of plant extracts maximum growth inhibition (35.90 %) was shown by Anar followed by Chabir (33.60%) and Garlic (29.16%), while minimum growth inhibition was recorded from Parthanium (17.43%) and Ginger (19.94 %). In case of plant extracts + wax ...
Ayesha Chaudhary1, Fouzia Mumtaz1, Muhammad Yaseen2* and Muhammad Younis Afzal3
...d, and careless usage of natural resources. Due to these effects, pastoral families are at high risk, hence there is a need to make farmers aware of the reasons and causes of climate change so that they may contribute to their side in actively advocating the cause. The present study was survey-based research and carried out in the Faisalabad district of Punjab, Pakistan. The data was collected using a multistage sampling method with the help of well-structured...
Shahid Yousaf1*, Salman Khurshid1, Saqib Arif1, Hafiza Mehwish Iqbal1, Qurrat ul Ain Akbar1, Najmus Sahar1 and Ghulam Rasul2
...composite samples) were analyzed. Samples were widely varied in test weight (72.4-79.9 kg/hL) and wet gluten contents (15.4-31.5%) but showed narrow ranged moisture contents (10.8-13.3%). The NIR values were significantly related to the referenced values for test weight, wet gluten content and moisture with the correlation coefficients of 0.96, 0.83 and 0.73, respectively. Three consecutive measurements of test weight, moist...
S. Justin Carlus1,*, Atiyeh M Abdallah1,2, Abdulhadi H. Al-Mazroea1, Mazen Khalid Al-Harbi3 and Khalid M Al-Harbi1
...are associated, and maternal hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for CHD. In Saudi Arabia CHD represents one of the most important health problems. Here we examined the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms and CHD and DS co-inheritance in patients from Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia. MTHFR rs1801133 and rs1801131 polymorphisms were genotyped in 99 CHD patie...
Rishen Liang*, Meng Zhou, Zhenxiang Lin, Guozhang Li, Yuan Chen, Xuan Lin and Zaohe Wu
...ebrates. By comparative analysis of the two genomes, 941 variable sites (5.69%) were found. Sequence divergences of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes and one control region which are commonly used as molecular markers between the two species ranged from 2.4% (12S rRNA) to 11.2% (ND6), all divergence values were lar...
Sakhra Mahmood1, M. Younus1, A. Aslam1, A.A. Anjum2, S. Umar3, Aamerzish Mushtaq3 and M.L. Sohail4,*
...s study was designed to analyze the biological detoxification potential of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) in experimental quails fed with AFB1 added diets. For this purpose 180 quails, divided in 3 groups were reared and fed with 3 different experimental diets having 0.5 mg/kg of AFB1 contamination and varying levels of SC (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg of feed). Another 120 birds were divided into two groups, one group was fed w...
Osman Ergene1,*, Isfendiyar Darbaz1, Serkan Sayiner2 and Selim Aslan1
...s after artificial insemination (AI). Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) was performed on all cows on days 30 and 40 after AI. Measurements were carried out on 9 cows whose pregnancy was confirmed and 9 cows whose embryonic mortality (EM) was determined. In PAG-Serum, there was a statistically significant difference (P <0.05, P <0.01) between the measurements on 40th day when EM was detected and on the 28th ...
Sabi-Ur-Rehman1, Anwar Khalid2, Qazi Najam Us Saqib3, Farooq Ahmad1, Shaheed-Ur-Rehman4, Neelam Zaman3, Ayeza Mehmood5 and Abdul Samad6*
...roots of Sarcococca saligna, using disc diffusion method. The tested bacterial strains include, B. subtilis, E. coli, S. aureus, P. fluorescens and fungal strains were Aspergillus. niger, A. flavus, and D. turcica. The maximum zones of inhibition, 23.00±0.56 mm and 25.00±0.50 mm was given by ethyl acetate fraction of leaves against P. fluorescens and A. niger respectively. The crude saponins isolated from leaves did not give significant results a...
Hande Küçükönder1, Pınar Çelebi Demirarslan1,*, Aykut Burgut2 and Mustafa Boğa3
...in objectives: i) Determination of the effective period for which the output factors [(chicken survival rate (%), egg yield (%)] are optimized at the same time and the appropriate value ranges for the input factors [temperature (oC), humidity (%) and feed per hen (g)] that provide effectiveness ii) Determination of targeted improvement values for the ineffective months to become effective. With this hybrid approac...
Umar Farooq Gohar1, Hamid Mukhtar1,*, Ali Nawaz1, Ikram-ul-Haq1 and Asad Mehmmood2
...leate, 1.6; calcium carbonate, 0.3 and ammonium sulphate, 0.1. The cultural conditions such as incubation temperature (30°C), pH (6.5) and inoculum size and age (2%, w/v, 48 h) were optimized. The maximum cephalosporin production was achieved after 144 h of incubation. The dry mycelial mass was found to be 39.46 mg/ml. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by disc diffusion method. Cephalosporin production was estimated by using spectrophotometric techni...
Effect of Two Microecological Preparations on the Breeding of White Leg Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei
Song Jiang, Fa-Lin Zhou, Jian-Hua Huang, Qi-Bin Yang* and Li-Shi Yang
...s resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei larvae, different amounts of Bacillus and Lactobacillus bacteria were added to the L. vannamei aquaculture water during seeding. Seven groups were established and the microecological preparations were added every 5 d. Bacillus concentrations in the Y1, Y2 and Y3 groups were 10 ppm, 15 ppm and 20 ppm, respectively, and ...
Aisha Khalid1, Muhammad Tayyab1,*, Abdual Rauf Shakoori2, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Tahir Yaqub3, Ali Raza Awan1, Muhammad Wasim1, Sehrish Firyal1, Zaheer Hussain4 and Munir Ahmad5
...aracterization of recombinant thermostable cellulase from Thermotoga naphthophila. PCR using the genomic DNA of T. naphthophila as template resulted in amplification of 1 kb cellulase gene. The amplified cellulase gene was cloned in pTZ57R/T and sub-cloned in pET28a. The expression of recombi
Liyan Zhang1,2, Zhidong Zhou1,3, Haiping Li1,2, Yanlong Qiao4, 5 and Yueping Zhang1,3,*
...y and genetic structure analysis of S. japonicus showed that these four populations exhibited moderate genetic diversity across the sampled geographical range of the species. However, no phylogenetic structure corresponding to geographic location was observed from the neighbor-joining (NJ) tree and haplotype network analyses, and gene flow and exact P test results revealed that a wide range of gene flow occurre...
Doğukan Ölmez1 and Gonca Alak2,*
...hod. As a result of the analyses, it was observed that there were 9 protein bands in the muscle and 7 protein bands in the visceral organs, and the volume increases were observed in protein amounts in the hydrolysates depending on time. In addition, as the lipid profile, cholesterol ester (CE), triacylglycerol (TAG), free fatty acids (FFA), cholesterol (CHOL), monoacylglycerol (MAG), diacylglycerol (DAG) and phospholipid (PL) values were determined (p <0.05...
Marian Kuczaj1, Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska2,*, Alicja Mizera1, Renata Pilarczyk2, Bogumiła Pilarczyk3 and Patryk Barton1
...se of the paper was the analysis of the impact of selected breeding and environmental factors on the results of rearing heifers of the phf red-white variety. The research included 133 cows and heifers and their offspring, i.e. 116 calves only from single pregnancies. The calves were weighed and the zoometric measurements were carried out on the day of birth, at the age of 1 month and 6 months, and daily increments wer...
Yang Liu1, Jing-xin Mao2, Xiao-dong Wei2, Man Yi2, Xiao-long Zhang2, Ke Zheng3, Xian-xin Chen4, Guo-Ze Wang5 and Bing-bo Chen1,*
...c acid (BFA) as a functional feed additive. Four BFA products produced by lactobacillus, bacillus, yeast and fermented BFA from above 3 mixed bacteria were added by a proportion of 1.5% to the conventional feed. Then the Sprague-Dawley rats were fed by normal feed and 4 different BFA feed for 4 weeks. It was observed that the counts of neutrophils, white blood cells, and monocytes was significantly decreased in the lactobaci...
Saleh S. Alhewairini1,* and Mahmoud M. Al-Azzazy1,2
...v>In this study, an alternative control method was developed for camel tick (Hyalomma dromedarii Koch) and cattle tick (Hyalomma impeltatum Schulze & Schlottke), to replace the widely used traditional acaricides. Huwa-San TR50 is a formulation of hydrogen peroxide, stabilized by the addition of a small quantity of silver and is extensively used as a disinfectant. Both tick species were susceptible to certai...
Iqra Bano1,*, Moolchand Malhi2, Pershotam Khatri3, Saeed Ahmed Soomro2, Hira Sajjad4, Ambreen Leghari5, Muhammad Awais2, Safia Kandhro6 and Shakeel Ahmed Lakho5 and Munaza Soomro7
...pared to C. while, the Gonado-somatic index in goats of SY was not different compared to C. The histomorphological studies revealed that the height of the germinal epithelium was significantly higher in SY as compared to C. Although the diameter of seminiferous tubule and thickness of the basal membrane were not significantly different in both groups. The serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity as well the testicular GPx...
Owen Flanagan, Mona Letourneau and Wenqing Zhao
...kings of happiness among nation states:...
Tanweer Ahmed*, Kashif Saeed Khan and Mohammad Naeem
...ose of this study is to analyse the impact of government spending on agricultural growth in Pakistan. The relationship among agriculture value added per worker and public spending on education, health, road length, the number of tube wells in the agriculture sector, improved seed distribution has been estimated through various econometric approaches in the study. Pakistan’s agriculture growth has registered mixed trends from 1972 to 2014. Empirical evide...
Catherine J. Allen
... discourse of the Andean nations (Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru), serving as rallying points for networks of indigenous federations, environmentalists, NGOs and intellectuals united in a critique of neoliberal development paradigms. Ecuador and Bolivia have enshrined sumak kawsay and suma qamaña in their national constitutions. How does this political discourse correspon...
James Maffie
...e of which was the artisanal process of weaving. Humans accordingly attained balance: first, by weaving together individual behavioral extremes (such as fasting and feasting) into a well-middled, individual life fabric; and second, by weaving themselves together with other human and nonhuman agents into a single, well-middled, community life fabric by means of initiating and participating in relationships of mutuality and reciprocity. Humans lived well and liv...
Tahira Moeen Khan* and Amat ul Mateen
...on of copper ions to CuO nanoparticles in place of harmful and expensive chemical/physical methods. A cheaper, simple to perform method giving high yield without by products is employed here. The leaf extract act both as reducing and capping agent. The atomic absorption shows a linear curve between concentration and absorbance. The uv-vis spectrum revealed the shift of absorption towards longer wavelength with the increasing concentration of plant extract. XRD...
Kamran Zakaria1*, Noreen Munawar1 and Shafqat Ejaz2
...he basin; whereas additional frequencies are present with major significance that indicate changes in the rainfall system. While, the calculated global wavelet power spectra showed variable frequencies, they presentedodd patterns (symbolized by A and B) that might be used to portray the region. Therefore, three sub-regions with consistentprecipitation patterns were recognized as: Region A (not apparent) and Region B (south and north part of the basin) and Tran...
Temel Göktürk1,* and Göksel Tozlu2
...s was directly propositional to the death in larvae. Intriguingly, Dipel at the dose rate of 500 g/100 l was the most effective applications for larvae of N. sertifer. While variable impacts were noticed against larvae, both biopesticides were effective against larvae of D. pini and N. sertifer. Taken together, finding of this study propose the use of Pyrethrum and Bacillus thuringiensis biopesticides to control common pine s...
Madeeha Khalid and Amtul Jamil Sami*
...hallenging candidate to analyze. Almost 90% of the sequence of growth hormone gene family members is similar and prone to single nucleotide variations. The sequence variation occurring in the non-coding region of the GH-1 gene leads to altered transcriptional regulation causing various developmental defects in humans. In this report, we have analyzed a short sequence of ~200-240 bp spannin...
Zhen-Yang Wu1, Guang-Xin E2,*, Hui Ran1, Da-Hui Wang1 and Tian-You Yang1
... in Guizhou Province, China. In this study, we determined the diversity and phylogeography of 10 geographic populations (252 individuals) from Tongren, Guizhou Province using 516-bp sequences of the mitochondrial D-Loop region. In total, 63 polymorphic sites, including four single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 59 parsimony-informative sites, and 18 haplotypes were detected. The number of haplotypes within populations ranged from one (WS and DJ) to six (JK). Hap...
Luo Lei1, Xingxing Deng1, Dengyue Yuan2, Zonglin Zheng1, Chengke Zhu1, Hui Luo1, Baohai Li3, Hua Ye1,* and Chaowei Zhou1,3,*
...ion at different nutritional levels. Herein, we found that gibel carp npy has an Open Reading Frame (ORF) containing 291 bp. Moreover, the expression of npy was detected in all tested tissues, with the hypothalamus showing the highest expression in gibel carp. The npy mRNA expression in the hypothalamus significantly decreased 1 and 3 h after feeding (P < 0.0...
Dilshad Ahmad1* and Muhammad Afzal2
...ose of the study was to analyze technical efficiency of Bt and Non-Bt cotton farmers in two core cotton districts Muzaffargarh and Rahim Yar Khan of Punjab, Pakistan. In this study, the stochastic frontier approach was employed for empirical analysis and multiple stages random sampling technique used for data collection of 400 Bt and Non-Bt cotton farmers for the year of 2012-13. The results of the study have indicated Bt co...
John Ogunsola1*, Richard E. Antia2, Benjamin O. Emikpe2 and Olajumoke A. Morenikeji3
.... This report evaluates unaided, sporadic, captive breeding of zoo animals over a 10-year span. Clinical records of observed gestation or egg-laying, as well as successful or failed parturition or hatching of various species of captive animals were obtained. The animals included reptiles, amphibians, aves and mammals, with both sexes placed in the same enclosure with some degree of access to one another. Among mammals, survival rates of neo
Irfan Ullah*, Abbas Ullah Jan, Muhammad Fayaz, Amjad Ali and Atta Ullah Shah
...ics were considered for analysis. The uncompensated own price elasticity for milk, fruits, and baked products is greater than unity which suggests that these food groups are highly responsive to their own price change. Prices of these food products should be kept constant. Imposition of any sale tax could create a huge loss in consumption for these commodities. Milk, meat, fruits, other cereals, tea and coffee and baked products were treated as luxuries by the...
Alexus McLeod
...terrelatedness of phenomena, and as an aspect of personal survival.
...
Seth Ligo
...t sacred pilgrimage destination, contemporary social networks are interwoven with historical and religious narrative. In fact, in this densely populated and ancient space it is imperative not only to know one’s extended family, one’s community, and one’s history, but also the history of the city more broadly, the stories that are mapped onto it, and all the neighbors — both visible and invisible &mdas...
Christine Jeske
...h;brief spontaneous personal accounts of changes in life circumstances such as employment and health—allow people to navigate the seemingly contradictory moral narratives saying that they should “help themselves” and also “wait on God and not take shortcuts.” I argue that churches are useful sites for attaining well-being in South Africa not only because they ...
Kathryn Phillips and Katherine L. Schaefer
...on the subjective phenomena of desires and preferences, thereby ostensibly avoiding complicated questions about metaphysical commitments; similarly, clinical conceptions aim to be metaphysically neutral. We test these notions of well-being by investigating Jainism and its commitment to a metaphysics of reincarnation and the existence of souls. Assuming that well-being is a broad prudential value that identifies what is good ...
Ellen Y. Zhang
...ute;lyi’s motivational psychology, but it is more complicated and more difficult to be conceptualized due to the employment of negative expressions in his philosophy. Zhuangzi’s claim that “The perfect happiness is derived from the absence of happiness” designates two key arguments: (1) Happiness cannot be designed and measured, and (2) There is no single fixed notion of happiness and meaning-making. ...
Eric Yang
...umn period of ancient China. After a close examination of these two ideas and their relation to well-being, I show how a Confucian approach can serve as a competitor to other conceptions of well-being....
Seth Robertson
...ntexts more generally. Finally, I argue that because of nunchi’s close relation to well-being and flourishing, that there is a strong case to be made for treating it as a virtue....
Tung-Yi Kho
...hic field research in China’s feted Special Economic Zone of Shenzhen, I examine here two competing visions and practices of the “good life” in contemporary China. I have labeled these the Modernist and the Relationist practices of the good life respectively. Although Chinese conceptions of the good life at the level of the state and of the general populace are today explicitly domi...
Jennifer Mei Sze Ang
...ife based on autonomy. Finally, it argues that existentialists can be happy by showing that negative emotions play an essential role in how we apprehend and respond to the world positively and meaningfully. ...
Jason Shepard1 and Tyra Turner2
...ultures, including when analyzing a general trend across 64 countries (Study 1) and when examining specific cultural contrasts (Study 2 and Study 3). Taken together these three studies provide evidence that the relation between future-oriented thought and well-being is robust across cultures. This research also provides an example of how big data can be leveraged for cross-cultural research. ...
Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Sidra Mushtaq1, Muhammad Tariq Malik2, Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Ateeq ur Rehman1, Shoaib Fareed3, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4
...sissoo) of family Papilionaceae, is a large deciduous multipurpose timber tree. In Indian-subcontinent, the tree is cultivated in forest plantation as well as avenues, road sides and canal banks. Because of greater strength, elasticity and durability, the wood is highly valued as constructional and general utility timber. This review article shows the work conducted on sheesham decline syn...
Dilshad Ahmad1* and Muhammad Afzal2
... is only feasible with financial injections in this sector. The study in hand has focused the role of credit in the cotton production of southern Punjab. Simple Random Sampling technique was used in the study for selecting the respondents in both districts of cotton area. Pre-tested questionnaire was developed for the collection of data 320 cotton farmers’ respondents for the year of 2015-16 including 160-credit user a...
Syed Turab Raza1,*, Zhu Bo1,*, Zulfiqar Ali2 and Tang Jia Liang3
...ertilizer....
Adile Tatliyer1,*, Sinan Bas1 and Serdar Yagci2
...ability of factor score analysis. A result showed that implementation of factor analysis was appropriate for the studied data set at each period. At each period, factors whose eigenvalues which is the characteristic roots of a square matrix with p×p were higher than 1 were elected by applying the Varimax rotation in explanatory factor ana...
Shafique Ahmed Memon1,6, Arif Ali1*, Mehar-un-Nisa Narejo2, Ghulam Khaliq3, Imran Ali Rajput4, Muhammad Adeel1, Khalil Ahmed Memon5, Dzolkhifli Omar6, Muhammad Rashid7 and Abdul Rasool5
... species on the pre-imaginal development of three species of green lacewings. Developmental stages of three different species of green lacewings, Chrysoperla nipponensis, Plesiochrysa ramburi and Apertochrysa sp. were provided with three different prey species, Aphis craccivora, Rhopalosiphum maidis and Corcyra cephalonica under the laboratory conditions (25±2 °C). The results indicated that a significantly increased pre-imagi<...
Khadim Hussain Wagan1*, Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli2, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano1 and Abdul Ghani Lanjar2
...ign: justify;">Macrophomina phaseolina causing charcoal rot of sunflower is major fungal pathogen which can survive for months to years in soil and also over season in the seed. Therefore, population density and their aggressiveness to cause the disease is playing critical role for management of this pathogen. For such purpose colony forming units (cfu) per gram of soil and seed were deter...
Muhamamd Naeem1 and Murad Khan2*
...nomic assessment of seasonal variations in the poultry industry. There were 400 poultry farms in district Nowshera but the preliminary survey showed 127 operational poultry farms scattered over in the study area. Out of total farms, 60 firms were selected randomly. To capture the seasonal variation and effects of different factors on seaso
Salman Anwar1, 2*, Farhan Anwar Khan3 and Atta-ur-Rahman4
...y;">This research paper analyses the impact of Karakoram Highway (KKH) on land use and agricultural development of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Pakistan is gifted with a lot of natural resources in the shape of fertile agricultural lands, water resources and minerals. Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan’s economy. About 70% of its population is directly or indirectly associated with this sector. Gilgit-Baltistan is ...
Muqader Shah1,*, Hafsa Zaneb2, Saima Masood2, Rifat Ullah Khan1, Salahud Din1, Shakirullah3, Imad Khan2, Ambrina Tariq4 and Habib ur Rehman5
...ys. The groups were designated as T1, thermoneutral zone; T2, heat stressed (HS); T3, HS + zinc (Zn) supplementation (30 mg/kg); T4, HS + Zn (60 mg/kg); T5, HS + probiotic; T6, HS + probiotic + Zn (30 mg/kg); T7, HS+ Zn (60 mg/kg) + probiotic. The results revealed that muscle pH, muscle fiber diameter (MFD) and muscle fiber cross sectional area (MFCSA) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in T2 compared to all other treatme...
Arjumand Nizami1, Jawad Ali1 and Muhammad Zulfiqar2*
... reserves. These unsustainable strategies further exacerbate vulnerabilities and give way to new ones. Taking empirical example of Chitral, the study recommends to formulate policies and encourage investment to substitute short term coping strategies with long term climate change adaptation measures in order to minimize impact of devastating disasters in future. There is a need for improved governance of irrigation water ma<...
Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Yasir Iftikhar2, Samina Khalid3, Zahoor Hussain4, Jaime Molina-Ochoa5,6 and John E. Foster6
... abamectin gave better management of citrus leafminer larvae. However, higher concentrations of A. indica oil can be used to control CLM larvae....
Amna Younus1,3, Mariam Faiz2 and Abida Yasmeen1,*
...d TaqI SNPs were analyzed. Among different clinico-pathological features studied in breast cancer women, more prevalent were invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC: 88%), grade II tumor type (47%), -ve estrogen receptor/ progesterone receptor (-ER/PR: 35%) and negative human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (-ve Her2: 53%) hormonal status. Results also depicted that FokI and TaqI genotypic frequencies were sig...
Zhi Yijin and Shao Mingqin*
...em, Jiangxi province, China. Spatial and temporal variations in population size were ascertained for this endangered species. The Xiuhe, Fuhe and Raohe river systems exhibited large steady populations, with the maximum size ranging from 25 to 68 individuals for each river. Restoration and maintenance of suitable habitats for the scaly-sided merganser is imminent as the species is at risk of extinction due to its small popula...
Abdul Khaliq1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Akhlaq Ahmad2 and Yasir Iftikhar3
...itophilus oryzae (Linnaeus) were tested against phosphine and bio fumigants to check their fitness and potential following by F1 generation. Phosphine fitness in term of mortality mean calculated at 300 ppm was minimum against weevil but highly effective against red flour beetle after 24hours while, at 400ppm showed same resistance level in all. At 500ppm, lesser grain borer (LGB) was more susceptible as compared to others as in rice weevil. ...
Xu Lijie, Obaid Ullah, Liu Haixing, Ihsan Ali, Zhongshu Li* and Nan-Zhu Fang*
...elopment during the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT), we used an embryo model of oxidative damage by H2O2. We found that H2O2 exposure significantly decreased embryo development, increased the intracellular ROS level, and upregulated the expression levels of the NADPH oxidase genes NOX2, DUOX1, and NOXA1. By contrast, embryo treatment with pi...
Azam Ali* and Amjad Farooq
...ghlight the population dynamics of sucking pests on Bt cotton varieties (Lalazar, IUB-33, Sitara-009and MNH-988) and one non-Bt (NIAB) varieties in Multan Southern Punjab, Pakistan. During 2014 to 2016, eggs count and adult population of five different sucking pests (dusky bugs, jassid, thrips, white flies and mites) were recorded from sowing to harvesting seasons. Predators (Chrysoperla, Geocoris and Argiope) population was also observed....
Farhana Gul1*, Dawood Jan1 and Muhammad Ashfaq2
...ces whose benefits were analyzed. The adaptation results indicated that adopters of adaptation technology would range from 33 % to 74.47 % in Dera Ismail Khan and 62 % to 65.18 % in Peshawar. Before adaptation, poverty rates would range from 23 to 28.90 percent in D.I.Khan while from 19 to 28.62 percent in Peshawar for all GCMs. These findings concluded that proposed adaptation strategies could have significant impact to offset climate vulnerabilities in the ...
Saeed Ullah1, Muhammad Israr1*, Shakeel Ahmad2, Nafees Ahmad3 and Asif Yaseen4
...tributes to this end by analysing the perceptions of farmer and its socio-economic influences towards LD in four purposively selected union councils i.e. Toru, Ghari Kapoora, Lund Khwar, Katlang-1 of district Mardan. A total of 90 farmers were selected through proportionate simple random sampling from 857 register farmers. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaire from t...
Saqib Bashir* and Bashir Ahmad
...ipe for better and sustainable wheat production. ...
Manzoor Hussain1, Muhammad Awais2, Farhatullah3, Saiqa Bibi1, Muhammad Rameez Khan3, Afifa Khalid1 and Sajid Ali3*
... with local check, under natural field conditions at District Mansehra, Pakistan. Data on crown rust severity and host reaction was taken at three scoring dates to assess partial resistance using area under rust progress curve, infection rate, co-efficient of infection and final rust severity. A moderate crown rust pressure was observed during oat season 2015-16, with relatively late crown rust onset after mid of April. Base...
Shaher Bano1, Nadia Naseem2 and Sarah Ghafoor1,*
...gulates the pre and post-natal development, structure and function of salivary glands. The localization of TGF-α in post-natal submandibular gland (SMG) of rats and humans is well-studied.However, less is known regarding post-natal sublingual salivary gland (SLG) development and expression of TGF-α. The comparison of TGF-α expression in SLG with that of its expression in ...
Huma Naz1,*, Sajid Abdullah2, Khalid Abbas2 and Muhammad Anjum Zia3
...°C the enthalpy of denaturation (∆H*)for metal treated and control fish were 0.373 and 0.736 KJ mol-1, respectively and decreases with further increase in temperature (70 °C) until it was 0.132 and 0.495 KJ mol-1, respectively. The free energy (ΔG*) of thermal denaturation for metal treated and control fish were 58.45 and 58.79 KJ mol-1, respectively at 40 °C and increases...
Jawaria Shaheen1, Samiah Shahid1, Sabahat Shahzadi2, M. Waheed Akhtar1,3 and Saima Sadaf1,*
...t method. Further analysis was done by SPSS, medcalc and Graphpad prism software. Area under curve analysis was used to get diagnosis outcome of selected miRNA panel. Upregulation of miRNA panel (mir-376c, mir-155, mir-17a and mir-10b) has been seen in the plasma samples of TNB...
Abdul Maalik1, Shahzad Ali1,*, Anam Iftikhar1, Muhammad Rizwan1, Haroon Ahmad2 and Iahtasham Khan1
...pidemiological data was analyzed by chi-square methods at 95% confidence interval. The overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis as a result of surf field mastitis test was 42.2%. The prevalence of disease was higher in cows (54.5%) than in buffalo (22.9%). Based on chi-square and P-value the prevalence of mastitis was significantly (P˂0.05) associated with animal type, urbanicity, age of animal and previous exposure of mastitis. There was no association of ...
Saleha Gul1,2, Muhammad Khisroon2, Ajmal Khan2, Attaullah1, Saira Gul3 and Gul Nabi Khan1,4,*
...tly increased with other narcotics like charas and snuff (p˂0.05). The passive smokers using snuff were having significantly higher TCS values then the control (p˂0.05). Reduction in TCS values of active smokers using green tea on daily basis were statistically significant (p˂0.05). Taking together, our results indicate that tobacco smoking highly induces DNA damage...
Muhammad Arshad Hussain1 and Tariq Mukhtar2,*
...) in districts of Bahawalnagar and Rahim Yar Khan followed by Dera Ghazi Khan and Vehari showing incidences of 66 and 63%, respectively. On the other hand, the incidence was found to be the minimum (4%) in Lodhran followed by Jhang and Rajan Pur districts showing incidences of 11 and 13%, respectively. The rest of the districts showed incidences ranging from 13 to 63%. Variations were also recorded in the prevalence of root-knot nematodes in the seventeen dist...
Sohaib Afzaal1, Usman Hameed2, Nasir Ahmad3,*, Naeem Rashid3 and Muhammad Saleem Haider1
...se strains were further analyzed for their ability to produce lactic acid. Overall, Leuconostoc mesenteroides was found as pre-dominant group (41.1% prevalence) among LAB strains in the isolated food samples. Some opportunistic pathogens were also isolated from these media. Among the tested strains maximum amount of lactic acid (26.457 mg/mL) was produced by the lactobacilliafter 48 h growth in skim milk broth, while ...
Şaban Çelebi
...thionine) and their combination on Se concentration in liver, heart, kidney and breast muscle. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and enzyme activities of glutathioneperoxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in liver, heart, breast and thigh tissues of laying hens were determined in present study. A total of 96 White Lohman laying hens, aged 24 weeks, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=24), each of which was composed ...
Huma Khalil1*, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Sajjad Khalil1, Farghama Khalil2 and Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel1
... to investigate the seasonal biodiversity of braconid parasitoids in citrus orchards of Sargodha, Pakistan. Surveys were done during January 2014 to December 2015 from various citrus growing localities. A total of 3,176 parasitoids belonging to five subfamilies (Alysiinae, Aphidiinae, Braconinae, Microgastrinae and Opi...
Jie Yang
...n proteins (PGRPs) are innate immunity proteins that are conserved from insects to mammals, recognize bacterial peptidoglycan, and function in antibacterial immunity and inflammation. Mammals have four PGRPs (PGLYRP1, PGLYRP2, PGLYRP3 and GLYRP4). They are secreted proteins expressed in different tissues. It is significant to make a study of human PGLYRP1 because neutrophils are a more dominant mechanism in human host defens...
Iram Maqsood1,2,3 and Ke Rong *1,2
...he edge of extinction in nature. Approximately, 130-150 individuals left in wild. Habitat loss is considered as a major source of population decline of this precious species. Consequently, for the sake of A. sinensis conservation, China took steps with the top priority of habitat restoration, controlled management in captive breeding centers, as well as initiation of reintroduction ...
Bata Shalangwa Ishaku1, Batim Turdam1, Maimadu Abdullahi1, Waziri Ibrahim Anjili2 and Mayowa Olabode2
... justify;">A cross-sectional study design was carried out between November 2017 and May 2018 to determine the prevalence and risk factors for endoparasitic infections in donkeys at Ganawuri district market, Plateau State, North Central Nigeria. Fecal and blood samples were collected from 300 donkeys and analyzed using a standard laboratory procedure. Coprological exami
Asad Sultan1, Rabia Ali1, Rifat Ullah Khan2,*, Sarzamin Khan1, Naila Chand1 and Ambrina Tariq3
...er, certain anti-nutritional factors hamper the bioavailability of nutrients and need to be addressed to avoid compromised birds’ performance. The present study assessed the impact of phytase on enhancing the nutrient retention and phosphorus utilization in two different sorghum cultivars fed to broiler. In an open sided house, a total of 160, 14-days-old broilers were allotted to four dietary bioassay treatments and fed mash red and white sorghum grain ...
Muhammad Zain Saleem1,*, Raheela Akhtar1, Asim Aslam1, Muhammad Imran Rashid2, Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry1, Muhammad Adeel Manzoor1, Bilal Ahmed Shah3, Rais Ahmed4 and Muhammad Yasin5
... to infect the small ruminants which may complicate the control measures of brucellosis because most of the control programs rely on serological screening of brucellosis rather than molecular assay which could confirm the particular species circulating in ruminants. In this study 960 and 471 serum samples of goats and sheep were collected, respectively. After screening with Rose Bengal test (RBT), all seropositive samples we...
Fazal Abbas1, Muhammad Ijaz1,*, Zunaira Akhtar1, Khalid Mehmood2, Muhammad Zeeshan Hyder3 and Umair Iqbal4
...It was concluded that neonatal calf diarrhea is much common in calves and diarrhea have a significant correlation with serum electrolytes and trace elements....
Guo-hai Wang1, Zai-xi Yang1, Pan Chen1, Wei-ning Tan2 and Chang-hu Lu1,*
...s of Kmeria septentrionalis, an endangered tree species in a karst habitat in southwest China. Twenty-seven bird species were recorded feeding on its seeds, and fourteen bird species were confirmed as seeds dispersers. The chestnut bulbul (Hemixos castanonotus), striated yuhina (Yuhina castaniceps), scarlet minivet (Pericrocotus f...
Tazeen Jamil, Saba Ijaz, Rabia Arif*, Faiza Akram and Muhammad Saleem
...ere successfully discriminated on the basis of retrotransposons....
Faiz-ul Hassan1,*, Muhammad Sajjad Khan1, Muhammad Saif-ur-Rehman1, Syed Muhammad Raihan Dilshad2 and Muhammad Amjad Ali3
...ni indigenous breeds (Morna, Saen, Kakka Bralanwala and Anmol) from local horse breeders of Punjab province. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood samples and amplified by PCR using 40 RAPD primers. PCR products were separated on an agarose gel electrophoresis and scoring of bands was performed. Phylogenetic tree was constructed by UPGMA method to determine the genetic similarity among ...
Ihsan Ullah Khan*, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Ayub Khan, Muhammad Ashraf, Ashiq Saleem, Sundas Awan, Samra Azam and Shamim Ul Sibtain Shah
... was carried out at National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad during 2016-17 with the objective to assess the impact of heterosis on different Agro-morphological traits in sunflower hybrids. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used with three replications. The experimental material consisted of nine hybrids, six inbred lines and a commercial check (Hysun-33). The reco...
Amer Mumtaz2*, Muhammad Suhail Ibrahim1, Nouman Rashid Siddiqui2, Muhammad Naeem Safdar2, Masooma Munir2, Aqsa Qayyum2, Sahar Shibli2 and Muhammad Khalid Ibrahim3
... energy responsible for inactivation of the pathogenic organisms present in food by poration and DNA fragmentation. Ultrasounds have diversified application in meat industry, extraction of bio actives, dairy industry, Enzyme technology, fruit and vegetable juice industry, water, waste water treatment, starch modification and removal of food allergens from food. ...
Mahroze Fatima1*, Muhammad Afzal2 and Syed Zakir Hussain Shah3
...ained 25 fish. Upon termination of feeding trial, no significant differences were found for dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and ash content in fish body. Lipid peroxidation was determined in terms of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and antioxidant enzyme activities. The minimum value of TBARS was recorded in VE150 group, which was increased again with supplementation of high vitamin E levels. Similarly, adequate supplementation ...
Ahmed Ali Samejo* and Riffat Sultana*
...rd instars. Finally this study suggests that 4th and 5th instars, which were neglected previously, are the potential enemies of agro economy in Thar Desert.
...
Bibi Nazia Murtaza1,2, Azhar Qayum3, Shamaila Inayat Nadeem1, Naif Awdh Al-Maliki4, Abdulaziz Alamri4 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori2,5,*
... associated with EGFR-signalling activation. In normal physiological conditions, it is activated by upstream signals when the GTP is exchanged with GDP. Playing an important role in regulation of differentiation and cell growth, RasGTPases behave as genetic switches. This transient process of GAP-mediated GTP hydrolysis becomes altered when the Kras gene is mutated. The most common Kras mutations are found in codon 12 and 13...
Muhammad Shahid Nadeem*, Maryam A. Al-Ghamdi and Jalaluddin Azam Khan
...lls.
...
Faiza Jabeen1,*, Bushra Muneer2 and Javed Iqbal Qazi3
...nd starch. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that both isolates belong to the same specie Anoxybacillus rupiensis with 99% similarity under Accession number KF254911 (JF82) and KC849452 (JF83). The DNA G + C contents were 56.854% and 56.754% for A. rupiensis JF82 and A. ru...
Sumreen Hayat1,6, Muhammad Hussnain Siddique2, Bilal Aslam1, Habibullah Nadeem2, Asma Ashraf3, Muhammad Saqalein1, Mohsin Khurshid4, Naveed Shahzad5 and Saima Muzammil1,*
...le for nosocomial and urinary tract infections (UTIs) in pediatric and adult population. The ESBL producing K. pneumoniae present an alarming situation for clinicians by limiting the treatment options. We aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern and characterization of ESBL producing K. pneumoniae isolated from children of different age groups. K. pneumoniae isolated from blood and urine samples were identified through API...
Ragia S. Mohamed1, Rania F. El Naggar2, Mamdouh. M. Hamoud1, Mohamed M. Hamoud3, Abdulrhman M. Gamal1, Samah E. Laban1, Shimaa A.E. Nasr1, Manal M. Zaki1, ElShaimaa Ismael1, Osama K. Zahran1*
...ve occurred even in vaccinated flocks. Commercial Newcastle disease virus vaccines can provide various levels of protection against challenge with different NDV genotypes, raising the importance of the relationship between vaccines and field strains. The aim of the current work is to evaluate the effect of moisture percentage and pH on the persistence of velogenic NDV genotype VII in the poultry manure which considers a major threat to the Egyptian poultry ind...
Ping Zhang1,2, Yabin Pu1, Yu Zhang2, Jia Chen2, Kunfu Wang3, Qian Li3, Yujiao Sun3, Yuehui Ma1, Shuqing Jiao2,* and Weijun Guan1,*
...e digestion by XI collagenase and trypsin was used to isolate MDSCs and were purified by differential attachment technique. Cell morphology were observed using an inverted microscope, and MDSCs proliferation pattern were determined through growth curve analyses. MDSCs were identified by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR, and the immunofluorescence antibody invoved Sca-1, CD34, CD144, Desmin and CD45 which are the makers of MDSCs...
Zhaochao Deng1, Jingchen Chen1, Na Song2, Yongzhen Li3 and Zhiqiang Han1,*
...tic structure. However, analysis of this structure has not included the South China Sea population. In the present study, we collected a total of 23 individuals from Xisha, and Nansha Islands in the South China Sea and a 503 bp segment of mitochondrial DNA control region was sequenced. 17 polymorphic sites were obtaine...
Zhaochao Deng1, Na Song2, Yongzhen Li3, Tianxiang Gao1 and Zhiqiang Han1,*
...eef fish in the South China Sea. To reveal the genetic structure and genetic diversity of L. olivaceus, a 495 bp segment of mitochondrial DNA control region was sequenced. We collected a total of 65 individuals from three archipelagos (Xisha, Zhongsha and Nansha) in the South China Sea and 107 polymorphic sites were obtained defining 39 haplotypes...
SiRui Wang1,2, Fekede Regasa Joka1,2, XiaoLong Wang1,2,* and SuYing Bai2,*
...d species, including Anas formosa, Anas crecca, Anas strepera, Mergus squamatus, Accipiter nisus, Buteo hemilasius, Buteo lagopus, Passer montanus, Psittacula roseata and Emberiza elegans, were selected.The sequences of the GTPase effector domain (GED) of the Mx gene were determined by PCR sequencing. The haplotyp...
Ashfaque Ahmed Nahiyoon1,*, Shahina Fayyaz2 and Nasira Kazi2
...and Tando Allahyar. The analysis of samples resulted in the identification of one new species of soil nematode viz., Acrobeloides gossypii n. sp., along with three new record species viz., Tylenchorhynchus ewingi Hopper, 1959; T. crassicaudatus Williams, 1960 and Pratylenchus pseudofallax Café-Filho & Huang, 1989. Description, measurements and illustrations of these species are incorporated herein.
...
Muhammad Nasir1,*, Ata-ul-Mohsan2, Munir Ahmad2, Shafqat Saeed3, Muhammad Asif Aziz2, Muhammad Imran4 and Umer Ayyaz Aslam Sheikh4
...racteristic of post-hibernated queens of Bombus terrestris during flight activity period and solitary phase of development. Results showed that survival rate and colony initiation rate of the queen was highest at 28 ºC and 30 ºC. Different parameters in the initial stage of colony growth like pre-oviposition period and emergence timing of the first worker were observed best at 28 and 30 ºC. Number of workers produced in the first brood an...
Tianlong Cai1, Falk Huettmann2, Kisup Lee3 and Yumin Guo1,*
... hooded crane (Grus monacha) is a vulnerable species. However, its stopover habitat receives little attention and is not well known or protected even. Here, we present the spatial distribution of the stopover habitats for hooded cranes in the East Asia. A machine learning modeling algorithm of maximum entropy (MaxEnt) weas applied and evaluated with Stochastic Gradient Boosting and Random Forests based on 115 every year used occurrence points (1990-2013...
Saud Khan and Inamullah*
...ed with P @ 90 kgha-1. Finally, it was concluded that tillage operation with MB plough followed by cultivator or only rotavator and P @ 90 kg ha-1 were better to maximize grain and oil yields in sunflower. ...
Qaizar Ahmed1, Fida Mohammad2, Sheraz Ahmed2*, Sultan Akbar Jadoon2, Imtiaz Ali2 and Ajmalud Din2
...een Hayman and Griffing analyses in flue cured Virginia (FCV) tobacco. Plant material comprised of seven tobacco cultivars which were hybridized in full diallel mating system at the Tobacco Research Sub-station, Mansehra, Pakistan during 2007. Thereon, seven parents and their forty-two F1 hybrids were sown during 2008 and 2009 at the Tobacco Research Station, Mardan (plain) and the Tobacco Research Sub-station, Mansehra (hilly). Locations in each year were con...
Fukuan Du1,2, Yongkai Tang1, Juhua Yu1, Shengyan Su1, Fan Yu1, Jianlin Li1, Hongxia Li1, Meiyao Wang1 and Pao Xu1,2,*
...rtail anchovy (Coilia nasus) is a commercially important species. However, eco-environment deterioration and overfishing have almost caused extinction of the species in the Yangtze River. Therefore, it is very urgent to perform genetic research on C. nasus to protect the wild population. In this study, we sequenced the brain transcriptome of C. nasus using Illumi
Fady Samir1, Rania F. El Naggar2, Mohamed M. Hamoud3, Manal M. Zaki1, Abdulrhman M. Gamal1, Samah E. Laban1, Shaimaa A. E. Nasr1, El Shaimaa Ismael1, Osama K. Zahran1*
...">Despite intensive vaccination programs in many countries, including Egypt, Newcastle disease still being a significant threat to the poultry industry. Bad management for poultry byproducts (e.g. manure) might be a reason for environmental pollution which contaminate the environment either chemically through haphazard usage of medications and or biologically through massive use ...
Muhammad Khalil Nawaz, Sayyed Ghyour Abbas, Muhammad Akbar Khan, M. Adeeb Babar*, Muhammad Asim, Rabia Shahid and Muhammad Akhtar
...ful to understand the fauna of this Middle Miocene locality and excavated material expands our anatomical knowledge about the recorded species.
...
Fan Yi1,2, Xiaobin Yang1, Shigen Ye1, Hua Li1 and Ruijun Li1,*
...n widely used as traditional Chinese medicine in human and livestock for its antiviral and antibacterial activities. In this study we are investigating the effect of HCT in aquaculture animals. In this study, 300 olive flounders (Paralichthys olivaceus) were stochastically divided into four experimental groups: basal diet feeding group, 0.5% HCT continuous feeding group, 1% HCT feeding group, and 1% HCT interval feeding group. Three replicates were set ...
Aisha Khalid1, Muhammad Tayyab1,*, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Tahir Yaqub2, Ali Raza Awan1, Muhammad Wasim1, Shagufta Saeed1, Sehrish Firyal1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori3
...mal production of recombinant thermostable cellulase from Thermotoga naphthophila using BL21-CodonPlus (DE3) cells as expression host and pET28a as expression vector. Effect of various concentration of Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), post induction time, effect of temperature and pH were examined for the maximal production of recombinant cellulase. The effect of s...
Fakhra Soomro1,*, Riffat Sultana2 and Muhammad Saeed Wagan2
...exclusively geophiles in nature and usually giving two generation in a year but occasionally third generation of diapauses eggs of S. savignyi hatched in winter. A comparative key for immature stages of both species was constructed. Almost all immature stages occupied similar habitats as that of adults and their appropriate stages were differentiated through combination of character...
Muhammad Adnan Islam1,2*, Muhammad Iqbal2, Zia-ul-Haq2,3, Muhammad Mohsin Ali1, Hafiz Sultan Mahmood1, Shabbir Ahmed Kalwar1, Liaqat Ali Shahid1, Badar Munir Khan Niazi1 and Muzammil Husain1
... preparation by conventional method. Zone disc tiller machine developed in the department of Farm Machinery and Power, was employed for sowing wheat instead of conventional tillage in cotton stubble to avoid further late sowing of wheat. Zone disc tiller drill sows crop in strips. Strip tillage of soil reduced labour, fuel, irrigation and machinery costs. Zone disk tiller was tested for its field performance with three diffe...
Javed Asghar Tariq1*, Bashir Ahmed2, Manzoor Ali Abro2, Muhammad Ismail1, Muhammad Usman Asif1 and Raza Muhammad1
...ly identified as Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, Bacillus and Micrococus. These bacteria were checked for their antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. alium cepa. They all were found to inhibit fungus showing inhibition zone 4.09 -74.97%. Hence, on the basis of these studies, it can be concluded that these bacteria can be used as a biocontrol agent to manage other fungal diseases of agricultural crops also. <...
Abdul Kabir1, Laiba Uroog2*, Naushad Ahmad3, Fawad Ahmad3, Muhammad Saqib3, Noor Badshah4 and Taj Ali Khan3
...e disease. A cross-sectional study was conducted to find the Etio-prevalence of bacterial species causing subclinical mastitis in a cohort of buffaloes at Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. 120 quarter samples were collected from suspected buffaloes in selected areas of Peshawar, Charsadda, Mohmand Agency, and Dara Adam Khel. Initially, California Mastitis Test was performed for screening of positive samples. Afterward, the bacterial profile was confirmed through biochemical...
Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi*
... rice, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, in rice producing areas. This article comprehensively reviews the etiology, symptomatology, pathogen biology, disease development, disease cycle, epidemics and epidemiology, geographical distribution and strategies for the disease management viz., exploitation of host plant resistance, cultural, physical, chemical and biological control. Studies on pathogen variation have revea...
Gulnaz Saleem1, Aijaz Hussain Soomro1*, Nouman Rashid2 and Mehar un Nisa Narejo3
...;">Evaluation of nutritional and sensory properties of biscuits produced from wheat; lentil flour was investigated in this study. This study showed significant (P<0.05) variation in physico-chemical characteristics of four lentil varieties. The NIA-Masoor variety showed higher values for ash, fat and fiber (3.02%, 3.02% and 10.99%) respectively. Whereas; PM-09 possessed higher moisture (13.89%); though Masoor-93 was higher in protein content (25.16%) than a...
Zahra Nazir1, Saba Ijaz1, Roquyya Gul2 and Mahjabeen Saleem1,*
...this study, polygalacturonase from grape skin was purified by salting out with ammonium sulfate, gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 column and ion exchange on Q-Sepharose column chromatography. Polygalacturonase was recognised as a protein with 47kDa molecular weight by SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH of purified polygalacturonase activity was found to be 4.5 and stable within pH range 3.5-5.5. Temp...
Anum Khursheed1, Malik Muhammad Shafi2 and Haidar Ali2*
... NRM (Natural Resource Management) particularly in Livestock in union council Kahori, District Muzaffarabad. From 111 sampled respondents primary data were collected through pre-tested questionnaire. Three villages namely; Kundipiran, Kariandarar and Kulpana from union council Kahori were purposively selected. The study indicated that the majority of the...
Arshad Farooq* and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
...s such as land, labor, finance and management practices etc. This article assessed the knowledge gap of improved cane management practices in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan. Sugarcane growers were selected randomly and Data were collected through interview schedule from 285 respondents in D.I. Khan and Mardan districts during sugarcane cropping season, 2018. Knowledge gap index was ...
Aziz Ur Rahman* and Syed Mehar Ali Shah
...ised 87 rice F5:7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) along with three check cultivars namely Pakhal, Kashmir Basmati and Fakhr-e-Malakand. The genetic material was planted in alpha lattice design using three replications across different locations namely Peshawar, Swat, Manshera and Charsadda of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan during 2017. Pooled ana
Hafiz Umar Farid1, Muhammad Zubair2, Zahid Mahmood Khan1, Aamir Shakoor1*, Behzad Mustafa1, Aftab Ahmad Khan3, Muhamad Naveed Anjum4, Ijaz Ahmad5 and Muhammad Mubeen6
... as compared to conventional irrigation methods. However, the most burning issue of these systems is their non-adoptability or low adoptability by the farming communities, despite their proven benefits. It was highly desirable to analyze and evaluate certain parameters which keep systems functional as well as ensure adoptability of these systems at farmer’s fields. A total of 30 site...
Bushra Siddique1,*, Muhammad Tariq1, Muhammad Naeem1 and Muhammad Ali2
...xhibited that the use of natural enemy is an ecofriendly measure to control pests. The Seven spotted ladybird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata play a prominent role in aphid management. It exploits several different cues released by plants to increase the efficiency of foraging. Aphid endoparasitoid, Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) have an ability to locate itshosts by responding to odo...
Rıfat Ertekin1*, Mete Ozkurt1, Gokhan Kus2 and Selda Kabadere1
...hould be developed. Tolfenamic acid (TA) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicine stimulating apoptosis in cancer cells like pancreas, oesophagus and lungs. This study aims to determine the role of TA in cell viability and apoptosis in glioma cells (T-98G) and androgen-sensitive human prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP). In our study, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μM doses of TA were applied to T-98G and LNCaP cell lines for periods of 24 and 48 h. Subsequent...
...eview process in the Journal of Zoology by generating fake reviewers email addresses. This led to an in-depth investigation by the Editorial Team and Executive Council of Zoological Society of Pakistan. The editorial team had written confidentially to all the reviewers at their official addresses, the list of which was provided by the corresponding author at the time of online submission of the manuscript. The editorial team was flabbergasted by the responses ...
Muhammad Rehan1, Asim Aslam1, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1, Muhammad Abid2, Shakeel Hussain3, Javeria Umber4, Ahsan Anjum1 and Altaf Hussain2*
.... Despite intensive vaccination, ND is endemic in Pakistan and locally known as Ranikhet. Wild birds are considered natural reservoirs of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and some common resident or migratory wild birds are associated with outbreaks of ND in commercial poultry in Pakistan. Continuous isolation of new genotypes in Pakistan shows the evolving nature of the virus and the emergen...
Hamid Ali, Muhammad Arshad, Ibad Ullah Jan, Muhammad Zamin*, Junaid Khan, Ikram Ullah and Mushtaq Ali
...rosa), is an important ornamental and perfumery plant. The research was conducted at University of Swabi during summer 2018 to evaluate the performance of tuberose under various concentrations of gibberellic acid and micronutrients. Experiment was laid in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) using two factors i.e. gibberellic acid and micronutrients with three replications. Both the factors gibberellic acid (GA3) and micro nutrients had their significant ef...
An Empirical Analysis of Livestock Activities of the Model Farm Service Center in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Tariq Shah1*, Umar Hayat1, Muhammad Suleman Bacha2 and Muhammad3
...nts from four districts, namely Swat, Mardan, Abbotabad and Dera Ismail Khan were randomly selected for interview purpose. Descriptive statistical techniques along with independent sample t-test and dummy variable regression were used for analysis. It is observed during the study that livestock extension department and private livestock doctors are the key sources where farmers get advice regarding livestock production. Majo...
Muhammad Nasrullah1*, Liu Chang1, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai2, Asaad Osman Khalid1, Rachel Bayisenge1 and Gulnaz Hameed3
...llenearity problem. The analysis of profit function is prior to our expectation and economic theories. Factor affecting analysis shows that overall results of the regression are statistically significant except farm size and fertilizers used during production. The coefficients of seed are the highest among all variables which can highly affect the productivity of the growers. ...
Shahid Ali1*, Asim Khan1, Aftab Khan1 and Bakhtawar Riaz2
...ugh multi-stage proportional allocation sampling techniques. Data was collected by using a well-structured interview schedule. Cobb-Douglas production function was employed to assess technical efficiency. Maximum likelihood estimation techniques were employed for estimation. Results showed that all explanatory variables except pesticides have significant effect on tomato production. The results showed that a 1% increase in s...
Farhat Iqbal1, Abdul Waheed2,*, Zil-e-Huma3 and Asim Faraz2
...l method was calculated; namely, Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE). Deviance information criterion (DIC) and the square of correlation (R2) between observed body weight and the predicted value’s marginal density means and RMSE were used as evaluation measu...
Abid Hussain1,2, Farida Ahmed3, Shyamali C. Dharmage4, Shafiq ur Rehman1, Muhammad Shahbaz Aslam5 and Zaigham Abbas1,*
...ing Allergy Centre, National Institute of Health, Islamabad. All enrolled patients were screened for set of allergens using skin prick test (SPT). Based on results of SPT, out of total 50550 allergen sensitized patients, 89.28% had aero-allergen sensitization while remaining 10.72% had food sensitization. Significantly higher prevalence of both aero- and food allergen sensitization was observed among males (p<0.05) within sensitized population. The prevalen...
Emel Banu Buyukunal1,*, Rojan Ibrahim Albazaz1 and Mehmet Ali Bal2,3
...s comprising from 23 Japanase quails and 22 chickens were analyzed by conventional and molecular methods for E. coli isolation in this study. Subsequently, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of E. coli isolates (n=71) were determined against thirteen agents; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefpodoxime, aztreo
Muhammad Ijaz, Sayed Rashad Ali Shah*, Muhammad Izhar-ul-Haq and Amir Afzal
...ally different genotypes namely Virginia, Spanish, and Valencia were screened under filed conditions and detached leaf assay against LLS pathogen. Most of genotypes during three years of study at early assessments under field conditions showed resistant response whereas, at late assessments most of genotypes were susceptible. In pathogen-host relationship several components of partial resistance have been proposed. Under detached leaf assay Virginia type groun...
Fraza Ijaz1*, Umair Riaz2, Shazia Iqbal3, Qamar uz Zaman4, Muhammad Furqan Ijaz5, Hina Javed1, Muhammad Amjad Qureshi1, Zuhra Mazhar3, Ahmad Hassan Khan6, Hassan Mehmood7 and Ijaz Ahmad8
... precursor-inoculum combination is an effective approach and should be tested in different ecologies. ...
Muhammad Sohail1*, Asad Sultan2, Said Sajjad Ali Shah3, Muhammad Sajid1 and Adnan Khan4
...cal samples and further analyses. Nutrient profile, digestibility coefficients, and apparent metabolizable energy were investigated. Fat percentage and metabolizable energy was higher in maize (4.1% and 17.04 MJ/kg). The protein levels in wheat varieties were 12.15 and 11.89% which were more than that of both of corn (8.21 and 8.05% respectively) and sorghum varieties (10.41% and 9.89% respectively). The bioavailability of crude protein was higher in maize fol...
Muhammad Usman Ghani1*, Muti Ur Rehaman Khan1, Asim Aslam1, Zubair Shabbir2, Li Bo3 and Naveed Anwar4
...ical, hematological examination was carried out to rule out possible cause of infection and adopt preventive measure so that further losses may be avoided. 96 out of total were clinically positive with strong clue of contagious ecthyma. In current study 12 (25%) goats out of 48 were PCR positive. In case of sheep, 7 (14.58%) out of 48 were PCR positive. Tissues were taken for histopathological studies. Gross pathological finding includes scraps on commissure, ...
Senol Celik
...cluded as a possible nominal predictor in the current study. To measure predictive performances of the tested algorithms, model evaluation criteria such as the correlation coefficient between actual and predicted LBW values (r), Akaike’s and corrected Akaike information criterion (AIC and AICc), root-mean-square error (RMSE), mean absolute deviation (MAD), standard deviation ratio (SDratio), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were estim...
Ailing Huang, Lingyu Meng, Wei Zhang, Junyan Liu, Guangyao Li, Huihua Tan, Wen Lu and Xialin Zheng*
...mectin 25 mg/L with alternate spray, which could prevent the resistance to pesticides in this pest.
...
Shengjie Zhou1,2, Pengfei Wang1,2, Chao Zhao1,2, Mingjun Fu3, Jian G. Qin4, Lihua Qiu1, Zhenhua Ma1, 4,* and Maoshang Lin1
...nformation on the functional mechanism of L-FABP gene in the ontogenetic development of golden pompano.
...
Bina Khanzada1*, Ghulam Hussain Abro1, Tajwar Sultana Syed1 and Nazir Ahmed2
...f artificial diets and ornamental plants on parasitoid performance. Among artificial diets tested were honey, sugar, protein hydrolysate solution to enhance fecundity and fertility of the parasitoid under laboratory conditions and compared with the provision of flower nectors such as ornamental sunflower, merry gold and hollyhock in the laboratory. The ornamental plants sunflower, merry go...
Sheng Niu1, Ali-Raza Jahejo1, Fa-jie Jia1, Xin Li1, Guan-bao Ning1, Ding Zhang1, Hai-li Ma1, Wei-fang Hao2, Wen-wei Gao1, Yu-jun Zhao1, Shi-min Gao1, Jian-hui Li1, Gui-lan Li1, Fang Yan1, Rong-kun Gao1, Huan-chun Chen1,3 and Wen-xia Tian1,*
... effector molecules in innate immunity. In this study, thiram has been used to induce tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) and the chickens were injected with different doses of recombinant glutathione-S-transferase A3 (rGSTA3) proteins. We explored the responses of HDPs in erythrocytes to thiram-induced TD and rGSTA3 protein by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results showed many HDPs expressions were suppressed by thiram-...
Muhammad Ahmad, Zohaib Noor*, Karim Johar Khan, Waqar Younas and Ajmal Hussain
...5 in both the ponds designated as group 1 and group 2. Group 1 pond was stocked with Catla catla (C. catla) a surface feeder, Labeo Rohita (L. rohita) a column feeder and Cirrhinus mrigala (C. mrigala) bottom feeder, respectively, while, in group 2 only (C. catla) was replaced with (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) H. molitrix as a surface feeder keeping other species the same as in group 1. At the end...
Nursinatrio and Rudy Agung Nugroho*
...est that HCFM is an optional ingredient which can be used as an alternative for fish meal in aquafeed for red tilapia.
...
Faraz Akrim1,2, Tariq Mahmood1,*, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem3, Siddiqa Qasim1, Shaista Andleeb1 and Hira Fatima1
...r its conservation and management. We investigated dietary breadth of two carnivore species; Indian grey mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii) and small Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) occurring in the north-eastern Himalayan region (Azad Jammu and Kashmir) of Pakistan with a view to compute the niche overlap between the two species. The Indian grey mongoose was recorded at 15 different sampling sites within the elevation range 699-1559 m above me...
Sun Hong1, Zhang Yifeng1, Wang Baishi2, Li Yangwei1, Xu Wenbo1, Mao Runkun1 and Wang Zhenglong1,*
...icial tunnel method in a natural burrow system to measure oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and the temperature and humidity in the underground burrows of mandarin voles in Xinzheng, Henan Province, China during the spring and summer of 2015. Our results show that 1) the depth and complexity of the burrow were higher during summer than during spring;...
Khan Sher1*, Muhammad Nisar2 and Muhammad Subhan1
...SR markers, which disseminated all common bean lines into two major linkages. Lineage I split at 50% similarity index into 5 clusters and sub clusters. On the same way lineage II split into two clusters at 19 % similarity index. The Genetic similarity (GS) based on SSR markers between pair of common bean lines showed high degree of dissimilarity in the genetic makeup ranging from 0.91 to 0.11. All the landraces of common bean collected from Malakand divisions ...
Aliya Ayaz, Gohar Ayub, Maqsood Khan* and Syed Aizaz Ali Shah
...er, while increased germination percentage, number of fruits plant-1, fruit length, fruit weight, plant height, yield plot-1, total yield and survival percentage. In case of dipping durations, seeds dipped for 18 hours significantly reduced days to emergence and days to first flower, while increased germination percentage, number of fruits plant-1, fruit length, fruit weight, plant height, yield plot-1 and total yield. Inter...
Asim Khan1, Shahid Ali1*, Syed Attaullah Shah1, Aftab Khan1 and Raza Ullah2
...tively. For statistical analysis, panel data record for twenty years (1996-2015) across five districts of the province were scrape together from Development Statistic of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Bureau of Statistic and Pakistan Meteorological Department, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Hausman test recommended fixed effect model (as opposed to random effect) as a fit model for given estimation. The major findings proclaim that maximum temperature has negative impact o...
Ayat Ullah* and Ayesha Khan
...in-fed farmers need reasonable extension services for increasing knowledge on pest management techniques. Therefore, for providing effective services, extension agent may increase their visits to the farming community and may reach maximum farmers and encourage them to visit the extension office for seeking information. ...
Abdur Rehman1*, Iqbal Javed2, Zhang Nannan3, Muhammad Niamatullah1, Raheel Saqib4 and Allah Bakhsh5
...ion in Hebei province China. The relevant literature and the results of the research have been collected to understand the agricultural informatisation in Hebei province and adopted the system analysis method to focus on the existing problems and to put forward the significant and the specific guidelines. The results showed that the Lang fang city is located between Beijing and Tianjin stands first in the comprehensive level...
Hassan Naveed1,2, Kamran Sohail2 and Yalin Zhang2*
...er subfamily Deltocephalinae, Changwhania terauchii Matsumura (1915) n. rec., Linnavuoriella arcuata Hamilton (1980) n. rec. and Paralimnellus cingulatus Dlabola (1960) n. rec. are reported for the first time from Pakistan. All species are described and illustrated with habitus photographs. ...
Kubra Siddique*, Ghaffar Ali, Irfan Ullah, Atta Ullah Shah and Muhammad Fayaz
...cities using cross-sectional data from Household Integrated Economic Survey of Pakistan for the year 2013-14. Economic factors such as food commodities prices, households’ income and their socioeconomic characteristics are included in the model. The results reveal that on the average, households in rural region spend more on the food items while, urban households spend more on non-food items. Expenditures on beef is noted highest for both urban and rural...
Iftikhar Ud Din* and Qamruz Zaman
...ower of the test, additional factors like, magnitude of the ICC (Intra Class Correlation), total number of clusters, the number of parameters to be estimated, and the information whether the design is balance or unbalance play a significant role and discussed in the present study. ...
Zahin Anjum1*, Farhat Shehzad1, Amina Rahat1, Hamid Ullah Shah2 and Saleem Khan3
...n different types of marinated meat, such as beef, chicken, mutton and fish, and different grilling techniques were applied to see their effectiveness in lowering the levels of these toxicants. Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons and heavy metals refer to a large group of chemicals that may be present in the environment as pollutants and can enter the food chain and might be carcinogenic to humans. The lead content was found high in fish with the mean value of 3.18mg/kg...
Muhammad Shahid1*, Mehmood Shah2, Adiqa Kiani3 and Farhat Parveen4
... generates incomes and financial support for agricultural sector. This research paper debates on livestock implications in raising labour productivity by taking time series data from 1984 to 2017 and Auto Regressive Distributive lag model (ARDL) has been applied to conclude the results. The other econometric test CUSUM and CUSUM sum of square were conducted to check the stability of the model. The results of the study reveal statistically significant positive ...
Abid Ali1*, Hidayat ur Rahman1, Farhatullah1 and Zahir Shah2
... 2016. Generation means analysis (GMA) indicated presence of complementary epistasis in the inheritance of ear leaf area, ear length, grain yield and harvest index. Likewise, duplicate type of epistasis was noted in the controlling of biological yield. Duplicate as well as complementary epistasis were found responsible in controlling the expression of plant and ear height, maturity and stover yield as well. Additive x domina...
Bingbing Gao1, Na Song1, Zhonglu Li2, Tianxiang Gao3 and Liqin Liu3,*
...y important in fishery management and conservation. The ponyfish species Nuchequula mannusella is a dominant species along southern coast of China with important economic and ecological value, and little of its population genetic structure has been known. We use mitochondrial DNA markers to investigate the genet...
Hayat Zada and Ahmad-ur-Rahman Saljoqi*
...i>Glycine max, leguminacae), Trifolium alexandrinum, Fabaceae) and Triticum aestivum, Poaceae) in the apple orchard were a substantial effect on the management of C. pomonella (L). Minimum mean fruit drop were recorded for the intercrop Apple + Trifolium (2.87) which were significantly lower than all other intercrops including control (Apple sole). Likewise, minimum percent infestation (57.19%) were ...
Hayat Zada1, Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1,*, Ijaz Ali2, Bashir Ahmad1, Abdul Waheed Khan2 and Shabeer Ahmad2
...>Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is the most important insect pest of apple production in Pakistan. Genomic DNA was extracted from 30 overwintering larvae of each population of Matta, Madyan and Kalam regions. Out of 30 tested primers, 21 amplified 157 polymorphic bands in three populations. The mean gene frequency (f), genetic distance (I) and Shannon’s inf...
Wang Zaigui1,*, Guo Panpan1, Ye Miao1, Sun Linghong1, Zhang Hongfu2 and Liu Chaoliang1,*
...0.01). (5) The proteinase activity in middle intestine was higher than that of the blank group (P<0.05). Collectively, the results indicated that adding B.subtilis to the feed of silkworm had positive effects on growth performances of the Bombyx mori L. apparently.
...
Mehboob Arslan* and Xin Yang
...thogen disrupts the internal balance and dictate the host-pathogen niches. For absolute survival, proliferation, and propagation inside the host cell, viruses modulate certain metabolic pathways to destabilize the host metabolism. These alterations in host metabolic signaling as a result of virus-host interaction generate a favorable environment for the viral pathogens. This phenomenon is a hotspot for investigations in orde...
Iram Gull*, Muhammad Shahbaz Aslam, Imran Tipu, Roohi Mushtaq and Muhammad Amin Athar
...rived from authenticated native sequences. Certain forbidden sequences do appear at junction of spliced genes whenever efficiency of gene fusion is improved by inserting GC rich sequences. In this study, reliable scar-less gene fusion with the insertion of sequence of choice at junction sites has been described by optimization of various parameters of overlap extension PCR. The fusion of IFNα2b gene to the gene of human latency associated protein with in...
Sher Bahadar Khan1,2,*, Zou Geng1, Cheng Yu-ting1, Asad Sultan3, Mumtaz Ali4,5, Irshad Ahmad6 and Rui Zhou1
Syeda Ain-ul-Batool1, Sadia1, Kathrin Blasius2,3,4, Angela Kaindl2,3,4 and Ghazanfar Ali1,*
...sity, polydactyly, hypogonadism, and renal abnormalities. Few additional features of BBS also include delayed motor development, clumsiness, anosomia, ataxia, hypodontia, hearing impairment, hirschsprung disease, cardiovascular and liver disorders. So far 21 genes are reported that cause BBS (BBS1-BBS21). A consanguineous family having clinical symptoms of BBS9 is described in current stud...
Qingling Hu1,2
... collected from South China. A checklist of the known species in this genus is provided. New host plant of the genus is discovered. New distinguishing characters between the two species are proposed. Specimens examined are deposited in the Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University.
...
Wali Khan1,*, Mudassar Iqbal2 and Israr Khan2
...he controlling of intestinal parasitic diseases in children.
...
Shamsudin Bojang1, Idris Abd Ghani2, Jugah Kadir1, Adamu Saidu Paiko1, Yasir Iftikhar3 and Muhammad Kamran3,4,*
...g, Perak, Kedah, Pulau Pinang and Wilayah Persekutuan) of Peninsular Malaysia for nematode, Meloidogyne graminis infections on the turf grasses. Samples were collected based on the sparsely growth and chlorotic appearance of the greens. A total of 36 soils and roots sample were collected. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to identify the parasitic nematode. Both the field symptoms and SEM micrographs confirmed that the nematode isolate was ...
Iqra Jaffar, Zainab Sehzadi, Muhammad Adeel, Khalid P. Lone and Mehwish Faheem*
...s in liver and gills by analyzing activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and by measuring lipid peroxidation (LPO). Catalase activity increased significantly in liver and gills of fish exposed to 10μg/l of DBP. Level of GSH and LPO increased significantly in gills while a non-significant decrease was recorded for GSH and GST in liver. These results showed that exposure to low concentrations of di-n-butyl phthalate are...
Sagir Hussain, Erum Iqbal* and Shahina Fayyaz
...re derived from the original descriptions. An up to date list of valid species of Quinisulcius along with illustrations and diagnostic key is provided. Detailed surveys of cereals, fruits and vegetables were conducted from district Hunza, Nager, Gilgit and Ghizer of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan during 2014-2016 to determine the temperature dependent property of Quinisulcius capitatus. About 280 root and soil samples were taken from 47 locations and...
Abid Hussain Shahzad1, Abdul Sattar1,*, Nasim Ahmad1, Ijaz Ahmad2, Deniz Nak3 and Yavuz Nak3
...ostpartum reproductive management plays a vital role in dairy farm economics. Primary objective of the present study was to compare the efficiency of standard Ovsych protocol (OVP0) and its modified forms (OVP5 and OVP7) as postpartum reproductive management tools in cyclic dairy cows. In total, 167 Holstein cows were randomly divided into three treatment groups. The OVP0 group was comprised of 58 cows. Other two groups, OVP...
Muhammad Shoaib Saleem* and Muhammad Faheem Akbar
...exploitation of Bio-rational insecticides in plant pest management in perspective of the public concern over the level of pesticide residues in food and environment causing health and ecological problems. The indiscriminate use of synthetics insecticides in crop protection has also led to development of resistant strains of pests and have adverse effects on non-target organisms including <...
Ghulam Murtaza1*, Razia Sultana2, Muhammad Arshad Malik3, Sibtain Afzal4, Mubashar Hussain5, Shahid Bashir6
Abdur Rauf Nizami*
...per focuses on “Faunal Assemblages of the Middle Jurassic Samana Suk Formation, Chichali Gorge Section, Surghar Range, Sub-Himalayas-Pakistan”. The Samana Suk Formation is a carbonate sequence of the Middle Jurassic age and is widely distributed in the Upper Indus Basin, northern Pakistan. This formation belongs to the Baroch Group and is mai...
Pin Lyu1, Xiangxian Chen2* andQinlong Liu3*
...divided into four groups namely natural healing (control), exercise and massage, massage only and exercise only and received acute skeletal contusion to the right tibialis anterior, followed by corresponding rehabilitation methods. The injured muscular tissues and blood samples were collected pre-injury and post-injury on day 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12 and 15. The exercise and massage group showed the fastest recovery reflected by mu...
Lichao Feng1,2, Shaoqing Zhang4, Dianyuan Chen2, Sina Adl3 and Donghui Wu1,4*
...f adults and larvae alternated between flower and corn growth stages in the field because food resources and foraging behaviors stimulated and restrained the acquisition of supplemental nutrients as a strategy for reproduction. To evaluate their food choices, wireworm were exposed to different types of plants associated with their farmland habitat, as follows: mixed pollen and nectar of flowers (Erigeron annuus, Trifolium repens, Heteropappus&...
Xiaona Cao1,3-5, Yuanyuan Ren2-5, Xiaoteng Cui2-5, Baoxin Qian2-5, Chunyan Zhao 2-5, Jie Yang2-5, Chao Su2-5,* and Xingjie Gao2-5,*
...ted to investigate the dynamic distribution of three nuclear proteins, including heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1), Hu Antigen R (HuR) and T cell intracellular antigen 1 (TIA1), in the SG aggregation and nucleus/cytoplasm localization under stress condition. We found that hnRNP A1, HuR and TIA1-containing SGs were aggregated in the cytoplasm of HeLa cells, and accompanies the alteration of nucleus/cytoplasm localization during arsenite indu...
Bo Zhang1, Changbo Zhu1, Zihao Meng1,4, Baosuo Liu1, Lian Zhong3, Guiju Huang1, Jiaqi Su1, Sigang Fan1 and Dahui Yu1,2,*
...of different colors and analyzed the correlations between TCC (total carotenoid content) and color parameters. The percentage of total carotenoids in the adductor, gill, mantle, and visceral mass was 6.50%, 10.79%, 15.11% and 67.61%, respectively. Generally, the tissue-specific carotenoid distribution is ranked in the order being adductor < mantle < gill < visceral mass. Significant correlations were found between TCC and the color parameters, with th...
Jun Yan Bai*, Shuai Yang, You Zhi Pang, Xiao Hong Wu and Guang Lu Li
.../div>...
Waqar Akhtar1*, Munir Ahmad2, Nadeem Akmal1, Hassnain Shah1 and Asif Ali Mirani2
...-16 by employing Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) methodology. Relevant indicators were employed to gauge and compare resource use efficiency of two dates products (fresh dates and dried dates) produced by farmers. The finding of positive Private Profitability and Private Cost Ratio (PCR) value less than 1 argues farm level competitiveness under small, medium and large farms in the study area. Fresh Dates has more competitiveness with less PCR value 0.62 compared ...
Asghar Khan1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Arfan Yousaf2, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Mamoona Chaudhry1, Mumtaz Ali Khan3, Habibunnabi4 and Amjad Khan5
...n of Pakistan. A questionnaire based cross-sectional based survey was conducted in 30 commercial and subsistent farms in Pothohar region of Rawalpindi district, Punjab. Where randomly 196 lactating buffaloes were sampled. Data on several health, management and bio-security variables was collected in face to face interviews from farmers, managers and owne...
Songhao Zhang1, Yiwen Gong1, Jian Xu1, Mou Hu2, Peng Xu3 and Yanliang Jiang1,2,4,*
...ety of common carp in China. During a long history of domestication, purse red carp displays consumer-favored morphological traits such as red skin color and purse-shaped body form. However, the underlying genetic basis is less studied. In the present study, we utilized the powerful approach of comparative transcriptome analysis via high throughput sequencing, and examined transcriptome profiles of purse red carp by comparin...
Mohsan Iqbal1, Farid Asif Shaheen1, Rashid Mahmood2,*, Muhammad Khalid Rafique2, Imran Bodlah1, Farah Naz3 and Muhammad Usman Raja3
...EPF), Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae and entomopathogenic bacteria (EPB), Photorhabdus temperata and Xenorhabdus nematophila were studied as bio-control agents to manage this pest. In addition, percent conidial germination and % mortality of C. chinensis were also evaluated when B. bassiana was use...
Riffat Sultana
...ket, broad distantly and narrow from one side while from the other side these are elongated. Wings are completely absent. The body is light yellowish with black patches dorsally and brown ventrally.
...
Essossinam Ali*
...n: justify;">This paper analyzes farmers’ attitudes towards climatic risks and assesses farmers’ risk aversion behavior on inputs use focusing on fertilizer, drought tolerant seeds (DTS) and labor allocation. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to collect data from 704 farm households in three regions (Central, Kara and Savannah) in subsistence agriculture in Northern Togo. Tobit and linear regression models ...
Hashim Ullah1, Abdur Rahman1, Rifat Ullah Khan2, Shakoor Ahmad2 and Ambrina Tariq3, Shabana Naz4,*
...dy condition score (designated as weak, medium and healthy with BCS 2, 3 and 4, respectively) on the meat cholesterol, fat, crude protein, ash, moisture and dressing percentage of WaziriandMazaisheep. A total of 36 mature sheep of Waziri and Mazai were selected and processed for dressing percentage and meat quality through proximate analysis. Wazirisheephad lower cholesterol as compared to Mazai. With the increasing BCS, the...
Yan-Guo Han1,2, Jun-Hua Ye1, Qin-Tao Zhao1, Yong-Jie Huang2, Kai Li2, Yong-Fu Huang2 and Li Xu1,*
...ups and were orally vaccinated, respectively SS-14 (Group T1) and SS-28 (Group T2) DNA vaccines fused tPA signal peptide and CpG adjuvant and delivered by attenuated Salmonella choleraesuis at weeks 0, 3 and 6 of the study, and rats in control group (Group C) was orally given empty vector vaccine. Blood samples w...
Zhengfei Wang*, Dan Tang, Xuejia Shi, Huayun Guo, Xiuping Chen, Daizheng Zhang and Boping Tang*
...selection (i.e., directional selection) in vent crabs by at least two methods. A series of putatively selected codons was localized in or close to the important functional regions (protein binding region and helical transmembrane region) in the mitochondrial protein structure.These results help explain why Bythograeidae crabs are capable of living in the hydrothermal vents and suggest that these crabs might have acquired an ...
Shakeel Ahmad Anjum1, Sami Ullah1*, Muhammad Mohsin Raza2, Mohsin Raza1, Muhammad Abbas3, Ijaz Ahmad4, Malik Muhammad Yousaf2, Muhammad Zeshan5, Adeel Abbas1, Mehmood Ali Noor1 and Mohsin Nawaz1
... 1000 grain-weight and final grain yield. It was observed that 0.05 M B applications at delayed growth stages after booting is less effective in improvement of yield attributes of wheat crop as compared to booting stage. Economic analysis revealed that 0.05 M B application gave highest net income and benefit-cost ratio. Thus foliar application of 0.05 M B application (foliar) at booting stage can improve wheat productivity p...
Mehran Ahmad, Syed Attaullah Shah and Shahid Ali*
...to identify major determinants that influence tomato yield and estimate allocative efficiency of tomato growers in district Mardan of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The study was based on primary data, collected from a sample of 105 tomato growers selected through multistage random sampling procedure. Data was collected through a well-designed interview schedule during January-July, 2018. Cobb-Douglas type production function was used to estimate eff...
Hong Ma*, Bo Fu, Liang Wang, Zhong-qiu Li and Di Liu*
Muhammad Afzal1, Nighat Sultana1, Ali Hassan1, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah2,*, Mahroze Fatima3, Syed Makhdoom Hussain4, Muhammad Bilal5 and Majid Hussain2
Junli Sun1,2,3, Lin Bai1 2, Xiaogan Yang1,2, Yangqing Lu1,2, Shengsheng Lu1,2,* and Kehuan Lu1,2,*
... embryo development, we analyzed 60 the spent culture media of porcine parthenogenetic embryos experienced different types of microopetation using Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that Group II with the puncture of egg zona and plasma membrane had the highest cleavage rate and blastocyst rate of porcine parthenogenetic embryos, which was significantly higher than Group I with intact oocytes (P<0.05) and Group III wi...
Hafiz Abdul Ghafoor*, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Luqman and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed
...applications of conventional synthetic pesticides, citrus farmers are unable to get rid of this pest. In order to find out alternate biorational pesticides, this laboratory study was carried out to evaluate few selected novel chemistry insecticidal formulations against 2nd instar nymphs of D. mangiferae using standard twig-dip bioassay method according t...
Imdad Ali Mahmood1, Muhammad Imran2, Muhammad Sarwar1, Matiullah Khan1, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar2, Shoaib Ahmed1 and Shahid Riaz Malik2
...n-fed conditions at National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad during 2016-17. Split plot design (main plots with and without inoculation and Zn application in sub-plots) with three replications was followed. Agronomic data i.e., plant height, pods per peduncle, seeds per pod, 100-seed weight, total biomass and grain yield were recorded. Plant samples were collected at maturit...
Rabia Khalid1, Saleema Bashir Shams1, Bibi Nazia Murtaza1,*, Gaitee Joshua1, Saira Mushtaq1, Hassan Al-Talhi2 and Abdulaziz Al-Amri2
...>2, respectively. Analysis of the components of metabolic syndrome demonstrate an abnormal level of low density lipoproteins (LDL) 24.4% and 17.5%, total cholesterol 15% and 7.8%, triglycerides 17.35% and 8.8%, fasting blood glucose 24.49% and 16.5% among bank employees and general population, respectively. Our studies have revealed that the high intake and less caloric burning due to inactive lifestyle has placed the ...
Syeda Shazia Bokhari*, Ghashia Qayyum, Uzma Rafi and Aisha Waheed Qurashi
...gation.
...
Iram Liaqat1,*, Nazish Mazhar Ali2, Najma Arshad3, Riffat Iqbal1 and Zain-ul-Abideen1
...ene acylhydrazide, proteinase k, trypsin and chymotrypsin target bacterial virulence in Desulfovibrio spp. that causes bacteremia, periodontitis and abdominal infections. Ten soil samples were collected and screened by morphological and biochemical study. Only one strain DUV1 was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as D. vulgaris (accessi...
Muhammad Yasin1, Romana Shahzadi1, Muhammad Riaz2, Mahideen Afridi2, Wajya Ajmal3, Obaid Ur Rehman2, Nazia Rehman3, Ghulam Muhammad Ali1,3, Muhammad Ramzan Khan1,2,3*
...vealed that two products namely BnSHP1-like and BnSHP2-like could be identified. The sequence analysis of BnSHP1-like and BnSHP2-like demonstrated that these genes are 747 bp and 735 bp in size, respectively. The nucleotide alignments revealed 98% identity of BnSHP1-like and BnSHP2-like with BnSHP1 and BnSHP2 sequences. The sequence homology was estimated to be 95 and 96% at amino acid level for BnSHP1-like and BnSHP2-like g...
Tahira Jatt1, Ghulam Sarwar Markhand1, Lane Rayburn2, Ray Ming3, Mushtaque Ahmed Jatoi1 and Ameer Ahmed Mirbahar1,4*
...tan by using the traditional Fuelgen squash method. Results indicated that all seven commercial varieties and four wild types of date palm are diploid in nature and having 2n=36 chromosomes. First time detailed karyotype of these varieties have been developed which includes total chromosome length (TCL), relative length (RL) and centromeric index (CI). The chromosome complement consists of metacentric (m), sub-metacentric (s...
Amany Adel, Wesam Mady*, Zienab Mosad, Fatema Amer, Asmaa Shaaban, Dalia Said, Marwa Ali Abdel Maged, Abdel-Satar Arafa, Mohamed Kamal Morsi, Mohamed Khalifa Hassan
Wafaa M. Hikal1,2,* and Hussein A.H. Said-Al Ahl3
...for human infection. In inappropriate conditions, it forms cyst with high levels of resistance to disinfection methods. The aim of this study was to isolate the pathogen from the dental units and hospital water network and treatment of Acanthamoeba with Trachyspermum ammi essential oil that have the ability to kill cysts. The amoebicidal activity of T. ammi oil was determined in vitro. Out of T. ammi oil showed that, h...
Zhimin Yuan1, Yan Yu2, Yanmei Wang1, Yanzhen Bu1,* and Hongxing Niu1,*
...eria in the gastrointestinal tract of bats are pathogenic to humans. Hypsugo alaschanicus feeds on insects and has a wide geographic distribution in China, and people are in frequent contact with these bats. However, assessing the gut microbiota, especially the potential pathogens, is needed for public health. Thus, this study aimed to explore the microbial diversity of the gastrointestina
Hafiz Abdul Ghafoor*, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Asam Riaz and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed
...udicious use of conventional synthetic insecticides against D. mangiferae have led to many environmental and health problems urging to seek out environment-friendly and safe alternate strategies to control D. mangiferae. To this end, the present study evaluated the methanolic extracts and essential oils of eight indigenous plant species for their insecticidal potential against 2nd instar D. mangif...
Anam Sardar1, Iqbal Javed1, Abdur Rehaman2*, Mudassar Yasin3, Raheel Saqib4, Allah Bakhsh3, Haroon Javaid5 and Muhammad Luqman6
...from 2002-2016. NPC (Nominal Protection Coefficient), RCA (Revealed Comparative Advantage) and RSCA (Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage) were estimated to find the possible international markets for beef. According to the findings internal markets are categorized into four categories of existing potential markets, future potential markets, low pote...
Hala Mohamed Nabil Tolba1, Naglaa Fathy Saeed Awad1*, Gamelat Kotb Farag Kotb2, Amany Adel3
...ed in Egypt despite vaccination. Therefore, this study was conducted to characterize infectious bursal disease (IBD) viruses circulating in Egypt during the period of 2017 - 2018. Sixteen pooled bursal tissue samples were collected from IBD suspected (9 Egyptian balady and 7 broiler) chicken flocks located in different localities at Sharkia governorate, Egypt. These samples were subjected for direct detection of a 620 bp hypervariable region in the VP2 ge...
Mohammed Anas Chowdhury1, Md. Abdul Karim1, Md. Tayfur Rahman1, Shoaibe Hossain Talukder Shefat1, Ashikur Rahman1, Mohammad Amzad Hossain2*
...mum value of Simpson dominance index is 7.98 in August and minimum value 5.32 in October with mean value 6.99±0.86. The catch per unit effort ranged from 0.15 to 0.48 with an average value of 0.34±0.11.
...
Amany Adel, Wesam Mady*, Zienab Mosaad, Fatma Amer, Asmaa Shaaban, Dalia Said, Marwa Ali, Abdel-Satar Arafa, Mohamed Kamal Morsi and Mohamed Khalifa Hassan
...ence laboratory of veterinary quality control on poultry production (RLQP) from different poultry sectors and bird species which are distributing all over the Egyptian governorates for examination of LPAI (H9N2) virus by real time RT-PCR. The results confirmed positive samples from 1026 for H9N2 with prevalence rate 4.4%. However, the LPAI H9N2 showed a wide range distribution with high geo-prevalence rate in 2015/2016 (96.3...
Kamran Aziz1*, Aamir Saleem1 and Arshad Mahmood Malik2
...ify;">Decomposition is a natural process of nutrient cycling in which the different elements play their role to decompose the plants parts such as roots, shoots, leaves and other parts. The present study was conducted to estimate the decomposition rate, litter fall production and elemental composition of Cedrus deodara and Pinus wallichiana in the study area Dungagali, Taohidabad, Kuzagali and Khanspur situated around the Ay...
Fatima Tufail1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3
...om last few years contamination of aquatic bodies has been increased due to extensive use of pesticides in agriculture. The exposure of aquatic animals to these pesticides results in acute and chronic health effects. Fresh water fish species such as Channa striata serve as important bio-indicators for aquatic contamination to access the changes caused by human activities effectively...
Huma Naz1*, Sajid Abdullah2, Khalid Abbas2, Muhammad Rizwan Tariq3, Laiba Shafique4, Ghazala Nazeer5
Arshad Mahmood Malik1*, Khalid Mahmood Mughal2 and Abdul Saboor3
...ducts and supply chain management of hydroponics products both in the domestic market and in regional markets has significantly affecting total value product of the hydroponics. Return to scale value of 1.77 indicated that the product function is positive and increasing return to scale in TVP in relation to increase in input cost. The value of (DRC<1) indicated that Pakistan has comparative advantage in the efficiently ut...
Muhammad Naveed Sheas1, Haris Rasool2, Muhammad Nouman Rafique2, Muhammad Rizwan Tariq1*, Abid Muhammad1, Khubaib Ali1
...ey and curcumin, traditional folk medicines, are thought to steadfast the defense mechanisms of body against oxidative stress which is a key factor in elevating depression. This study is designed to reveal the efficacy of honey and curcumin against depression in rat model. 24 male wister rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. After the trial, blood biochemistry was done in which antioxidant enzymes like SOD, Catalyze, Glutathione peroxidase were performed t...
Farah Bilal*, Abdulmohsen Alhejaily, Shahida Husnain
... (NSCLC). Somatic mutational analysis was done by QMC-PCR following direct sequencing with sangers’ method. Only one sample detected p.E545K mutation at c.1633G>A. Another most common mutation was observed in PIK3CA exon 20 which leads to change A>G at codon 1047. This transition converts amino acid histidine to arginine. Our study concluded p.H1047R most frequent while p.E545K rarely found mutations in
Mohsen M. El-Sherbiny1,2,*, Reny P. Devassy1, Erinn M. Muller3, Abdulmohsin A. Al-Sofyani1 and Ali M. Al-Aidaroos1
...lighted the oligotrophic nature of the region. Nitrate showed a notable increase in the deeper layers of almost all the stations and towards the south. Chlorophyll a was low throughout (0.05-0.27 mg m-3) though a small peak was observed at a depth of 70m. Diatoms dominated the phytoplankton community in terms of both density and diversity followed by dinoflagellates. A total of 138 phytoplankton species (80...
Abdul A. Mirani1,2*, Chee H. Teo2, Adel A. Abul-Soad3, Ghulam S. Markhand1, Tahira Jatt1, Ameer A. Mirbahar1,4, Najamuddin Solangi1
... the reversion of somaclonal variations have not been reported for tissue-cultured date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) plants derived from immature inflorescences. In this study, three to four years old field grown tissue cultured date palm plants of cvs. Kashuwari and Gulistan derived from in vitro subculture 1-10 (block I) and 11-25 (block II) in multiplication stage were screened for type and nature of phenotypic abnormalitie...
Rana Waqas Arshad1, Asim Aslam1, Muhammad Saeed Imran1, Kamran Ashraf2 and Raheela Akhtar1,*
...ne group than other vaccinal groups. ELISA revealed high antibody titre in live vector vaccine group and a partial protection was observed in birds vaccinated with immune complex or intermediate plus vaccines. Consistently, histopathological lesions of IBD were less evident in live vector vaccine group in comparison to other groups. In addition live vector vaccine improved the feed conversion ratio (FCR) by keeping the bird ...
Amjad Ali1*, Wiqar Ahmad1, Muhammad Zeeshan1, Farmanullah Khan2 and Muhammad Motasim Billah1
...role in soil fertility management is a new area of research. In this study, it was applied to soil in three particle sizes (< 2, 2-5 and 5-10 mm) in combination with two commercial biofertilizers; Bizote-N and Rhizogold to lentils during Winter 2015 in an RCB design and the residual effect was evaluated on soil micro-nutrient status and chemical properties after maize harvest in Summer 2016. Particle sizes in the abov...
Shumaila Sadiq1,2*, Abdul Saboor2, Fouzia Jamshaid3, Abdul Qayyum Mohsin2 and Azeem Khalid2
...ihood. This study predominantly targeted farming community to determine farmers’ climate change vulnerability index among 9 agro-climatic zones of Pakistan by using data sets from PMD (1981-2010) and HIES (2010-11). Findings revealed that farmers in KPK and Balochistan were the most while farmers in Mixed Punjab and Cotton-Wheat Sindh were the least vulnerable to climate change. In depth analysis of variables of sub-in...
Muhammad Affan Khan* and Abdur Rab
...es viz. Sabz Pari, Arka Anamika, Pusa Sawani, Punjab Selection and Green Star were grown at three plants spacing i.e. 20, 30 and 40 cm and were evaluated for growth and seed production. Variety Arka Anamika had the maximum plant height (136.8 cm), number of branches per plant (1.42), number of pods per plant (26.33), number of seeds per pod (60.67), seed weight per pod (3.87 g) and seed yield (4.54 t ha-1). The plant spacing...
Xuefeng Cao1, Guangneng Peng1, Xiaobin Gu1, Changliang He1, Guizhou Yue2, Jun Shi3,* and Zhijun Zhong1,*
...m the virus culture supernatant was 6.70×101 copies μL-1. The minimum detectable copy numbers for CDV cDNA and for the virus culture supernatant were 9.56×101 copies μL-1 and 7.77×101 copies μL-1, respectively. To validate the accuracy of DARPM, 112 clinical samples and 97 clinical samples suspe...
Ali Mahmoud Zanaty, Naglaa Mohammed Hagag, Neveen Rabie, Mahmoud Saied, Karim Selim, Saad A. Mousa, Azhar Gaber Shalaby, Abdel-Sattar Arafa and Mohamed Khalifa Hassan
...r commercial and traditional poultry industry in Egypt, even in vaccinated flocks. A total of 8121 different samples (organs and swabs) that represented 588 NDV suspected flocks were collected from poultry farms showing respiratory manifestation and/or drop in egg production during 2015-2018. Out of 588 NDV outbreaks 95 flocks were confirmed positive NDV by rRT-PCR using genotyping primers, with a prevalence rate of 16.2%. N...
Umar Hayat1, Khalid Khan2, Saima Liaqat3* and Balach Rasheed2
... study is an attempt to analyze the dynamic effects of variation in rainfall on economic growth in different provinces of Pakistan. Results show that low rains over the period of time have adversely affected the production, employment, and supply chain of crops. Furthermore, to avoid the adverse effects of climate change in the future, it is suggested to plant more trees and arrange different types of awareness campaign thro...
Jie Zhang1,2,*, Baradi Waryani3,4 and Qihai Zhou2,*
...ds, fertilized eggs from native or introduced populations of icefish were frequently introduced to various types of water throughout China mainland except for Tibet Plantae. The genetic diversity and molecular invasive mechanism are urgently needed for both native and invasive populations. Present investigation details 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci and 12 to 26 alleles per locus denot...
Jing Hu1,2, Yan Liu2,3, Gang Yu1,2, Changping Yang2,3, Binbin Shan2,3, Shengnan Liu2,4 and Dianrong Sun2,3,*
...of vertebral column originated from the occurrence of neural arch and hypural on 5DPH (SL2.4-3.4mmm, NL1.8-2.4mm), then skeletal ossification and Segmental bone formation occurred on 11DPH (SL3.6-4.0mm, NL2.6-2.8mm) and finished on 21DPH (SL9.6-11.6mm, NL7.4-8.6mm); Neural arch developed earlier than haemal arch, while haemal spine earlier than neural spine, consistent with the ossification; The development and ossification of neural arch and neural spine occu...
Jingchen Chen, Zhaochao Deng and Zhiqiang Han*
...nce of Ammodytes personatus, and compared with Sanger sequencing results. Three samples belonging to two lineages of A. personatus mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were used in the study. Based on the complete mtDNA<...
Lusha Liu1,*, Lei Cheng2, Xingqi Zhang3, Yulong Li1 and Jianping Jiang1,*
... eastward through Indochina and northward into southern China including Hainan and Taiwan. But the availability of microsatellites especially from expressed sequences is currently very limited in this species and the genus Microhyla. A total of 17,339 potential microsatellites were identified in 15,385 unigenes which were generated by Illumina pai...
Tariq Mukhtar1,* and Muhammad Arshad Hussain2
...y resistant one ‘Sanam’. All the inoculum levels of M. javanica resulted in significant reductions in growth variables and increases in nematode infestations of both the cultivars over their controls. With an increase in inoculum level, the magnitudes of reductions in shoot weight, root and shoot lengths and increase in root weight also increased and were found to be positively correlated with the inoculum levels. Likewise, the numbers of ga...
Uzma Jabeen1, Irfan Khan2, Nadia Naeem2, Asmat Salim2,* and Waseem Ahmed1
...This study was aimed at analyzing the expression levels of genes that are induced in response to oxidative stress in heart and liver tissues following DOX administration to rats. In this study, DOX was administered to rats intraperitoneally (i. p.) at 3 mg/kg at alternate days for two weeks. Heart and liver tissues were harvested and the mRNA levels of <...
Zafar Abbas1*, Muhammad Mubashir1, Umair Riaz1, Zeenat Javid1, Muhammad Ashraf1, Saeed ur Rehman1, Muhammad Javid Qamar1, Syed Ali Zulqadar1 and Shahzada Munawar Mehdi2
...tance due to its nutritional value. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) 100 grams of okra contains about 1.93g, 0.19 g, 7.45 g 3.2 g and 1.48 g of protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber and sugar, respectively. As well as one gram of okra contain 31.3 mg and 299mg of vitamin K and potassium, respectively. Therefore, to examine the effect of different forms of fertilizers (organic and inorganic) on the yield and physiochemical attributes of okra ...
Muhammad Shafique, Nosheen Noor Elahi*, Muhammad Rashid, Amjad Farooq and Kausar Hussain Shah
...ment was conducted under natural environment to evaluate the effect of PGPR on biomass production, nitrogen and proteins percentage of four mung bean varieties under different NaCI levels in sand culture after 5,7 and 9 weeks of sowing. Both inoculated and uninoculated plants were grown on mineral medium that were N-free either without NaCI or with a range of NaCI (20, 50,100, 200 and 300mM). Dry weight of plants was increased at 0-50mM NaCl and decreased at 1...
Yasir Ali1,2*, Bashir Ahmad1, Naqeebullah Jogezai3 and Adil Hussain1
...entified as Stenotrophomonas sp. MG662181 and PAK-03 was identified and tagged as Pseudomonas sp. MG687270. Based upon genetic signatures and physiological parameters, our strain presented less than 79% of homology to Stenotrophomonas sp. and Pseudomonas sp. which makes it a novel species. Both of the strains were non-...
Wesam Mady*, Nahed Yehia, Mohammed Hassan Elhussieny, Azhar Gaber Shalaby, Moataz Mohamed El Sayed, Neveen Rabie Bakry, Asmaa Shaaban, Abdel Satar Arafa, Afaf Abdel Baset Mahmoud and Wafaa Mohammed Hassan
...l Organization for Veterinary Services), Egypt during the period from May 2017 to August 2018. 11 positive cases were confirmed in seven governorates with a prevalence rate of 0.93% and the positive samples were mainly located in Upper Egypt. The sequence of partial HA gene was performed for 10 positive samples and they were genetically characterized as HPAIV H5N8 belongs to clade 2.3.4.4b. Except three isolates in 2018 belongs to clade 2.3.4.4A, the phylogene...
Umar Hayat1*, Tariq Shah1, Muhammad Suleman Bacha2 and Muhammad3
... attempt to examine and analyse the nexus of various sub-sectors of agriculture and their contribution to agricultural growth in the country. Data on key variables such as agricultural growth, institutional credit, agro-based industries, Livestock and mechanised inputs are taken from State Bank of Pakistan, World Development Indicators Databases and various issues of Economic Survey of Pakistan for the period 1980-2018. Ordi...
Saeed Murtaza1,*, Nazir Ahmad2, Muhammad Asif Raza3, Muhammad Saleem Akhtar1, Muhammad Mazhar Ayaz4, Muhammad Ali5 and Rais Ahmed6
...rgan was incised and the nature of lesions and their contents was observed. Ultrasonically, testes of normal rams and bucks appeared homogeneous and moderately echogenic. Mediastinum testis was seen as a centrally located hyperechoic line in longitudinal images and by an almost circular hyperechoic area in the middle of the organ in transverse images. The epididymal head and body were less echogenic than the testis and were ...
Samina Qamer1, Farkhanda Asad1*, Amna Faiz1, Robina Arshad1, Zunaira Shaheen1 and Tahira Yasmin2
...justify;">A fish nutritional trial was conducted for 90 days to find the effects of inorganic chromium and organic chromium on feed digestibility and muscle composition of (Labeo rohita fish). Six treatment groups were prepared with one control group (each with two replicates), three groups supplemented with inorganic chromium chloride hexa hydrate (CrCl36H2O by 0.3, 0.5 and 0.6mg/kg) and three groups supplemented with organic chromium picoli
Munazza Yousra1*, Sair Sarwar1, Muhammad Mahmood Ul Hassan1, Muhammad Zameer khan1, Abdul khaliq2, Shahbaz Ahmad1 and Shamim Ul Sibtain Shah3
...s were conducted at National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad during 2015-2016 to evaluate the response of maize to different rates of ZnSO4.7H2O and Zn-EDTA in sandy loam soil. Treatments included Zn @ 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 mg kg-1 as ZnSO4.7H2O and Zn-EDTA, arranged in completely randomized design with three replications. In Incubation study, the soil was incubated at 29ºC and field capacity was maintained to compare the release pattern of Zn from both s...
Hakim Shah1*, Noor Jehan2, S. Shafiqur Rehman1 and Syed Said Badshah Bukhari1
... of Spruce (Picea smithiana), along with comparison of the results inter se the two Forest Divisions. Results indicated that KFD and KaFD had significantly different climate regimes of temperature and precipitation. Mean annual maximum and minimum temperatures and mean annual temperature at the two Forest Divisions during 1965-2015 significantly increased, while mean annual precipitation significantly increased in KaFD, but non-significantly decreased in KFD. ...
Ammara Saeed* and Noor-ul-Amin
...it plot arrangement at Ornamental Horticulture Nursery, Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during 2014 and 2015. Cut flower rose cultivars were tested with treatments of 3 levels of phosphorus (30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1) and potassium (20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1) each as well as combined. Results showed that when plants were supplied with phosphorus at 60 kg ha-1 and potassium at 40 kg ha-1, it significantly improved studied variables, s...
Gulzhan Аubakirova1,*, Zhanat Adilbekov2, Assylkhan Inirbayev2 and Tanatar Dzhamanbayev1
...regulated and properly managed intensive-type lake farms are created.
...
Syed Makhdoom Hussain1*, Nisar Ahmad1, Azhar Rasul1, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad2, Muhammad Latif3, Muhammad Zubair Ul Hassan Arsalan1, Muhammad Umair1 and Hafiza Hina Shafqat1
....
...
Wen-Feng Li1, Rong-Yue Zhang1, Chun-Hua Pu2, Jiong Yin1, Zhi-Ming Luo1, Xiao-Yan Wang1, Xiao-Yan Cang1, Hong-Li Shan1 and Ying-Kun Huang1,*
...his paper summarizes the natural enemies of major sugarcane pests and their roles in natural control in sugarcane growing regions in Yunnan. In general, these natural enemies can be divided into two groups: parasites and predators. The dominant species include Apanteles flavipes (Cameron), Sturmiopsis inferen...
Naheed Ikram and Nafisa Shoaib*
...h fishes were not contaminated by incidence of fungi. Aspergillus flavus was the most dominant fungus as compared to other species of fungi but it represents the common mycoflora of this region.
...
Muhammad Shahid1, Iram Amin1, Samia Afzal1,*, Zareen Fatima1 and Muhammad Idrees2
Aly Khan1,*, Khalil A. Khanzada1 and S. Shahid Shaukat2
...L.) of eight localities, namely Anjira, Kalat, Khazeena, Khuzdar, Mangochar, Rodeni, Surab and Zehri was conducted in Balochistan. A total of 13 plant nematodes were recorded. Out of these seven nematodes were encountered in only one locality. Most common species in maize fields was found to be Pratylenchus zeae that occurred in 5 out of eight localities, one-way of variance was performed for those nematodes that occu...
Ayub Khan* and Ghaffar Ali
...ervation program on communal land in the Northern Area of Pakistan. Open-ended format of CVM is used for the elicitation of respondents’ WTP. For this purpose, a contingent valuation method (CVM) was used to elicit households WTP. A sample of 109 households was randomly selected from 14 randomly selected villages two from each tehsil. The study results revealed that most of the respondents perceived the problem of soil erosion and their willingness to pa...
Yan-Bin Zhu1, Wang-Dui Basang1, Zhan-Dui Pingcuo1, Yang-Ji Cidan1, Sang Luo1, Dun-Zhu Luosang1, Yang-La Dawa1 and Guang-Xin E2,3,*
...components factor (PCA) analysis. These analyses inferred that the population cluster data was not only consistent with the populations’ geographic habits but could also be influenced by artificial selection and feeding style. Lastly, two credible genetic backgrounds were identified from the yak populations in this study using STRUCTURE software, which corresponded to previous knowledge about different molecular geneti...
Shujjah Haider1,*, Ayesha Maqbool1, Tariq Pervez1, Saima Parveen1, Arfan Ahmad2, Zahid Iqbal3, Javed Iqbal3, Shahid Mehmood3, Amanullah Khan4 and Sajid Umar5
...) and rapid plate agglutination assay (RPA). The overall seroprevalence of MG detected through iELISA and RPA was 29.88 % and 20.67% respectively. Moreover, age-wise study revealed high prevalence of MG in 24-31 weeks old layers (44.17%) as compared to 55-63 weeks old layer flock (14.49%). The study of seasonal effect revealed highest MG prevalence in December (44%) while lowest in October (20%). Furthermore, higher prevalen...
Aqsa Javaid and Nageen Hussain*
...n identified by the National AIDS Control Programme. Nuclear transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) gene is involved in tolerance mechanism so failure of tolerance can lead to mutations in this gene. The main objective of this project was to analyze the possible mutation especially in FOXP3 gene exon 1 that may clarify the reason of reduction of T regulatory cells (Tregs) due to HIV/AIDS. A total of 25 HI...
Arif Jan*, Abdul Rab, Haroon, Rooh Ullah, Tauheed Ullah and Ikram Ullah
...r Upper. Fecundity and Gonado-somatic index was studied using gravimetric to infer about breeding season and reproductive potential. The mean value of absolute fecundity recorded was 14670.39 while mean value of relative fecundity was noted as 34.78. The mean value recorded for conditioned factor was 0.912 g/cm3. Relationship of fecundity with body length, body weight, ovary weight and the interrelationship of body length and body weight was establi...
Qudrat Ullah1,8,*, Huma Jamil1, Laeeq Akbar Lodhi1, Zafar Iqbal Qureshi1, Shakeeb Ullah1, Tariq Jamil2, Iahtasham Khan3, Shahbaz Bashir4, Qudratullah5, Inamullah Wazir6, M. Abdus Sallam1 and Muhammad Zubair7
...istan. The samples were analysed by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and by indirect-Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (iELISA). The overall seroprevalence was found to be 28.90 and 27.86% by RBPT and iELISA, respectively. Previous history of animal reproductive disorders was found to be significantly associated (P=0.0056) with seropositivity of the infection. Age, sex, parity, lactation and pregnancy status of the anima...
Hui Wang1, Lin Wang1, Xuanlu Li1, Shanshan Li1, Yongqiang Zhao2, Shicheng Lv2, Xinrong Xu1, Guang Yang1 and Bingyao Chen1,*
...on of the buffer zone of nature reserve is seldom evaluated in wildlife conservation. National Yancheng Rare Birds Nature Reserve is the largest coastal nature reserve in China. The environmental capacity of its core zone of 225.96 km2 area is approaching saturation, and more and more birds have begun to utilize the buffer zone. We conducted a...
Asima Azam1, Asma-Ul-Husna2, Saima Qadeer3, Qaisar Shahzad4, Rabea Ejaz1, Nemat Ullah5, Tasneem Akhtar4 and Shamim Akhter2,*
...uture studies as it eliminates contamination problem, remove batch to batch variation, long-lived and is readily available.
...
Aftab Shaukat1,*, Khalid Medmood3, Irfan Shaukat2, Tauseef ur Rehman3, Muhammad Ahsan Naeem1,5, Ashar Mehfooz1, Muhammad Ijaz Saleem1, Zia-ud-Din Sindhu1, Shahid Ali Rajput4, Mubashar Hassan1,4, Saqib Umar1, Muhammad Ali Jamil1, Rao Zahid Abbas1 and Anas Sarwar Qureshi1
... changes (due to bovine anaplasmosis) were studied in Sahiwal cattle and crossbred cattle of the district Faisalabad of Punjab province, Pakistan. Therapeutic efficiency of Oxytetracycline-Imidocarb dipropionate combination was compared with Enrofloxacin-Imidocarb dipropionate against Anaplasma margi
Salahud Din1,*, Saima Masood1, Hafsa Zaneb1, Habib Ur Rehman2, Saima Ashraf1, Imad Khan3, Muqader Shah4 and Syed Abdul Hadi1
...arried out on the gross anatomy, biometry and radiographic analysis of tarsal bones in twenty specimens of male and female adult chinkara (Gazella bennettii). The tarsus of chinkara comprises of five bones both grossly and radiographically, settled in three transverse rows viz, tibial and fibular tarsal in the proximal, central and fourth fused tarsal in the middle row, while, the first, second and third fused tarsal ...
Masooma Munir1,2*, Abdul Ahad3, Asra Gull1, Aqsa Qayyum2, Nouman Rashid Siddique2, Amer Mumtaz2, Naeem Safdar2, Barkat Ali2, Muhammad Nadeem1 and Tahir Mahmood Qureshi1
...nt study, apricot based snack bars were prepared with spinach powder addition to enhance micronutrient status of snack food bars. Four treatments were prepared by increasing the level of spinach in apricot bars and storage was done up to 3 months. Moisture and sugar content decreased with storage time while ash and fiber contents remained same during sto...
Khalid P. Loneand Irfana Liaqat*
...ss and histological seasonal changes during the first reproductive maturation of Labeo rohita was undertaken. The study was done throughout the age of 18-29 months. For this purpose, nearly 500 fish were kept in ponds and sampled every month for the histology of the testis. After taking data regarding other somatic traits, the testes were fixed in buffered formalin and processed for routine histology and light microscopy. The annual maturity stages can ...
Raja Imran Hussain* and Iqra Yousaf
... rodents still have alternative habitat for survival. Therefore, it is recommended to apply the control strategy on both habitat types before sowing the wheat crop. This might prevent damage to wheat and possible reduction of intensive use of rodenticides in cropland.
...
Unal Kilic1*, Abdiwali Mohamoud Abdi1 and Deniz Ekinci2
... while infrared methane analyzer was used to determine methane production. The experiments were conducted as per the randomized factorial design in randomized complete blocks. In terms of crude protein content, the highest CP was obtained from the urea+molasses treatment for wheat, sorghum and soybean straws, while control groups were found to have the lowest CP content. The lowest NDF, ADF and lignin contents were found in sorghum straws (P<0.001). The hig...
Asad Ali Khaskheli1*, Gulfam Ali Mughal1, Gul Bahar Khaskheli2, Allah Jurio Khaskheli3, Arshad Ali Khaskheli4, Abdul Samad Magsi5, Ghulam Shabir Barham2, Arab Khan Lund5 and Maqbool Ahmed Jamali4
Ghaleb Adwan*, Sami Bdir and Kamel Adwan
...Melanopsis praemorsasnails are considered one of the intermediate hosts for digenetic trematode cercariae. Digenean larvae were obtained from M. praemorsa snails that were collected from Palestine. Cercaria melanopsi palestinia I and III were identified as a xiphidiocercaria belonging to the microcotylae sub-group and as a microcercous cercaria, respectively. Phylogenetic ana...
Khansa Nazir1,*, Tariq Mukhtar1 and Humayun Javed2
...ntal consequences, the management of plant parasitic nematodes using nanoparticles can be one of the important alternatives. In the present study, the nematicidal activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) was investigated against the most destructive root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). The maximum mortality of juveniles was recorded at a con...
Riyadh S. Aljumaah1, Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1,*, Moez Ayadi1 and Abdullah H. Alyemni2
... of newborn lambs of pregnant Najdi ewes fed two different total mixed rations (TMR) with different levels of energy and protein viz. higher protein than recommended by National Research Council (1985; TMR1), and higher energy than National Research Council (1985; TMR2) compared with the traditional feeding system of barley and alfalfa hay; Control). A t...
Nida Zia1, *, Ayesha Maqbool2, Muhammad Safdar3, Umm-I-Habiba1, Altaf Mehmood4, Muhammad Usman5, Zahid Iqbal6, Javed Iqbal6, Shahid Mehmood6, Amanullah Khan7 and Sajid Umar8
...the FAdVs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct clusters among FAdVs. One cluster containing 3 strains belonged to the FAdV- C species and serotyped as FAdV-4 and showed close proximity at the nucleotide level. The other cluster containing three strains belonged to the FAdV-D species and serotyped as FAdV-11. Furthermore, the sequencing analysis of detected field strains revealed the high similarity and close clusteri...
Mujahid Niaz Akhtar* and Amjad Farooq
...rsion 8.1) were used to analyzed the data statistically. The mean values were compared at the significance level of 5%. Bollworms (PBW, SBW, and ABW) population was lowest in April and May whereas the highest values were observed in September and October. Correlation between abiotic factor and bollworms infestation depicted non-significant negative correlation with rainfall and evening relative humidity while negative significant with minimum temperature. Line...
Comparison of Yolk Fatty Acids in Market Available Black-bone Chicken Eggs and Ordinary Chicken Eggs
Suhu Duan, Liuan Li*, Zaiqiang Li, Mengran Qin, Zhenzhen Fan, Keyan Zhang, Qian Wang, Zhongmou Zhang, Bailiang Yang
...>The paper compares and analyses the content of fatty acids in yolk of the commercially available ordinary chicken eggs and Brand A and Brand B black-bone chicken eggs, thus providing theoretical and practical references for selective consumption of chicken eggs. The results have shown that a total of 18 types of fatty acids are detected in 3 types of chicken egg yolk, including 6 types of saturated fatty acids (SFA), 12 typ...
Asad Abdullah, Muhammad Irfan Ullah*, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza, Muhammad Arshad and Muhammad Afzal
...ical for the efficient management of this economically important insect pest. We studied the effect of various host plants on the growth, development and fecundity of S. litura. The larvae of S. litura were offered leaves of cabbage, alfalfa, sesbania and, maize in comparison to artificial diet under laboratory conditions (32±05 oC; 65±05 RH). Thelarval suitability was found maximum on cabbage followed by sesbania, alfalf...
Muhammad Waheed Mushtaq1,*, Muhammad Waqar Younas2, Jamil Anwar2, Syed Mustansar Abbas3 and Shahid Bashir3
...lase, cellulase and pectinase) from aqueous system has been studied by applying novel concept of unidirectional freezing. To separate the enzymes from their aqueous system, directional freezing was applied horizontally through synthetic enzyme contaminated water samples, called radial freezing. After complete freezing, the samples were collected from var...
Emre Barlas1 and Elif Yamaç2,*
...in Northwest of Central Anatolia in spring, summer and winter. Investigations were performed in 26 caves hosting (15) and not hosting (11) bats. Temperature, humidity, length of caves, distance to nearest settlement, paved road, water source, agricultural area; height, width and orientation of cave entrance and activity of cave values were determined. Seven out of 10 recorded bat species were evaluated as new records for the area. There was a significant prefe...
Jae-Kang Lee, Hyun-Su Hwang, Tae-Kyung Eom and Shin-Jae Rhim*
...tant method for forest management and biodiversity conservation.
...
Ali Mujtab Shah1,2,3, Muhammad Naeem2, Muhammad Giasuddin Shah2, Muhammad Haaroon2, Quanhui Peng1 and Zhisheng Wang1,*
..., nipple feeder (NF) and natural suckling (NS). A total of 15 newly born HF calves were selected randomly from the available stock and divided into 3 groups, each of 5 calves. The median birth weight (kg) ± S.D of calves fed by ST, NP and NS were recorded as 28.68±1.16, 28.44±0.67 and 28.56±1.13, respectively. Results of this study showed that the serum IgG levels and body weight gain were significantly (p < 0.05) differen...
Azeem Haider1, Muhammad Mohsin Alam2*, Azhar Ali Khan3 and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar3
...fferent enzymes viz; xylanase, CMCase and laccase production by Pleurotus ostreatus were optimized in shake flask cultures. The results indicated that the optimum fermentation medium in shake flask studies contained a carbon (glucose 4%), nitrogen (0.5% ammonium chloride), inoculation level (three disks, 0.5 cm in diameter), temperature (30 °C), incubation period (at 7 days) and initial pH 5.0. Under these culture conditions, the maximum level of xyla
Xiaopeng Tang1, Wen-qin Su1 and Re-jun Fang1,2,*
...phorus in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-1). The experiment consisted of 1 control treatment and 5 levels of CT treatments (1×10-12 to 1×10-8 mol/L), and each treatment has 6 replications. Cell proliferation was determined by the MTT method. Cell morphology and phosphorus concentration in the cell supernatant were measured after 24 h of CT treatment. The NaPi-IIb protein expressio...
Hafiz Suboor ul Hassan and Saira Malik*
... status and gastrointestinal disease are among the other factors that may influence the onset of lactose intolerance in patients and controls.
...
Rashid Iqbal1,2, Mathias Neumann Andersen1*, Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza2, Muhammad Adil Rashid1 and Salman Ahmad2
...f the world. Drought or unavailability of water may seriously limit plant growth as well as yield. A pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of various irrigation strategies i.e. Full (FI), deficit (DI) and partial root-zone drying (PRD) on physiological, water relations, water use efficiency (WUE), and yield related attributes of wheat. These irrigation treatments were started at anthesis stage and maintained for 30 days. For FI and DI, 100 and...
Zubaria Malik, Zahir Shah* and Muhammad Tariq
...rientinum), mungbean (Vigna radiata)} in a calcareous alkaline soil of Peshawar valley during 2015/16 and 2016/17. This study was conducted in an already established experiment which was in a randomized complete block design with split plot settings. Keeping cropping systems in main plots and biochar levels in subplots. Biochar treatments were no biochar (T1), 20 t biochar ha-1 in each season (T2), 40 t biochar ha-1 in winter (T3) and 40 t biochar ha-1 in summ...
Muhammad Tariq Adnan Khan*, Tariq Mukhtar and Muhammad Saeed
...resistant. Two cultivars namely Brinjal Shilpa and Singh Nath 666 appeared moderately susceptible. Five cultivars viz. Round Black, Short Purple, Brinjal PPL, Global Brinjal PPL and Namyal Ratchburi behaved as susceptible. All the cultivars behaved differently regarding formation of galls, egg masses, number of eggs per egg mass and reproductive factor. Maximum galls, egg masses, eggs per egg mass and reproductive factors were observed on Round Black fo...
Zakirullah1, Hamayun Khan1, Ali Gohar2, Haq Amanullah1,*, Muhammad Younas1, Muhammad Tarique Tunio3, Muhammad Saleem Khan4, Ibrar Muhammad Khan1 and Noushad Khan5
... Separate artificial vagina was utilized for semen collection from either breed, maintained at 42°C temperature. Gross and microscopic examination was carried out subsequent to the semen collection. Semen specimen with more than 70% motile characteristics were used for further processing. The semen was split into four aliquots in which tris-citric acid extender (TCA) was supplemented with various concentrations of...
Muhammad Noman, Yong Tong Mu*, Muhammad Mohsin, Aamir Mahmood Memon and Muhammad Talib Kalhoro
... (catch and effort data analysis) and ASPIC (a stock production model incorporating covariates) are used to analyze the fishery output (FO) and fishery input (FI) data of Scomberomorus spp. to evaluate their fishery stock status in Pakistani marine waters from Balochistan coastline.Three surplus production models (SPMs) viz. Fox (F-M), Schaefer (S-M) and Pella-Tomlinson (PT-M) along with three error assu...
Xiaopeng Tang1,2, Rejun Fang3,4,*, Guochang Pan1,2 and Kangning Xiong1,2,*
...absorption across intestinal mucosa of hens using the Ussing chamber system. First, four Loman laying hens with similar weight (1.25±0.13 kg) were sacrificed to detect the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity of isolated small intestine at time on 0 min, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min and 120 min, to provide a appropriate operation time for Ussing chamber test. Then, a total of 20 Loman laying hens with similar weight (1...
De-Yong Zhang1, Xiao-Lu Xu1,*, Qin Ruan2, Xiu-Ying Shen3 and Yin Lu1
Kun Wang1,2, Yinglin Cui2, Xu Zhao2 and Changjiang Hu1*
...P-9.
...
Qihang Liu1,2, Yueli Jiang1, Jin Miao1, Zhongjun Gong1, Tong Li1, Yun Duan1 and Yuqing Wu1*
...to control locusts, alternative methods such as photo-induced traps are elusive. In this report we investigated locusts visual sensitivity to different spectral lights after orange light stimulation. Results showed that after 10, 20, and 40 min of 1000 lx post-orange light stimulation, locusts visual response intensity was stimulated by green, violet, and blue lights. However, post-64600 lx orange light stimulation for 30, 20, and 10 min, the response intensit...
Muhammad Saeed1,2,*, Tariq Mukhtar1 and Malik Abdul Rehman3
...tudy of the population dynamics of citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) in a production area is required for the assessment of damaging potential of the nematode to citrus, identification of key factors that influence population densities, and to devise effective management strategies. In the present study, seasonal fluctuations in the population densities of T. semipenetr...
Qiuxia Lei1, 2, Haixia Han1, 2, Jinbo Gao1, 2, Yan Zhou1, 2, Wei Liu1, 2, Chunlei Wang3, Jie Liu1, 2, Dingguo Cao1, 2, Huimin Li1 , Baohua Huang1,* and Fuwei Li1, 2, *
...fluence between the internal temperature of the plies and the addition of bacteria. After adding strains, the time to reach the fermentation temperature was advanced by 1 to 2 days. The content of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were increased at the first weekend, reaching up to 10ppm and 3.5 ppm respectively. Three weeks later, the content of the ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were decreased to 0.3 ppm and 0.6 ppm respectively. T...
Chukwuemeka Calistus Okolo1*, Ikenna Onyema Ezeh2, Chinelo Nnenna Uju3 and Nwakaego Ernestina Nweze1
..."text-align: justify;">Panacean trypanocidal therapy remains elusive. The objective was to investigate how a probiotic mix affects treatment outcome in trypanosomosis. Thirty-six rats randomly assigned to six groups (A--F) were used for the experiment. Supplementation with multi-strain probiotics was started in groups A--C from day 0 post-supplementation (PS). On day 7 PS all experimental groups (A--E) were challenged with 1x106 trypanosomes intraperitoneally ...
Obaidul Islam*, Shameema Khatun and Mustasim Famous
...dmitted at Central Veterinary Hospital (CVH), SAQ Teaching Veterinary Hospital (CVASU), Chittagong, and District Veterinary Hospital (DVH), Sylhet during the period from 22 September to 18 October 2018 at CVH, 20 October to 18 November 2018 at CVASU and 26 February to 21 March 2019 at DVH. The prevalence was analyzed on the basis of location, age, breed ...
Muhammad Amin1,2*, Khalid Mahmood2 and Imran Bodlah3
... Kashmir-Pakistan, where natural tree flora abounds and silviculture is common. Surveys conducted during 2015-2016 in the Poonch Division of Azad Kashmir-Pakistan, yielded 24 aphid species in 14 genera, representing subfamilies, Aphidinae, Lachninae, Calaphidinae, Hormaphidinae and Chaitophorin...
Zeshan Siraj1*, Amjad Farooq1 and Zahid Mehmood2
...ind out the population dynamics of Jassids in relation to climatic factors (air temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) on different cultivars of Bt. cotton from May-November 2011 -May-November 2013 at cotton research institute, Multan, Pakistan, Jassids appeared in 21st Standard Meteorological Week(SMW)and attain its peak in 36th SMW. Maximum and minimum mean population of jassids (4.19±0.16 and 0.03±0.13 per leaf) was observed in September...
Haidar Ali1, Malik Muhammad Shafi1*, Himayatullah Khan1 and Hamra Haidar2
...ricts of Peshawar Valley namely Mardan and Peshawar. Analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the off-farm employment among various sizes of farms. Sampled farm households who were operating farm size up to 1 acre (74.88 hours/week) were performing more off-farm employment followed by farm size more than one (1) but less than or equal to two (2) acres land (59.32 hours/week), more than two (2) acres but les...
Hafiza Mehwish Iqbal1, Shahid Yousaf1, Salman Khurshid1*, Qurrat Ul Ain Akbar1, Saqib Arif1, Nasreen Fatima2 and Ali Murad Rahoo3
...olonifer and Alternaria alternata have been identified in citrus samples. However, major incidence was recorded for Aspergillus niger (41.6%) followed by Fusarium oxysporum (27.7%). Infected samples (5.9) had high pH as compared to the healthy samples (3.1). Total soluble solids were decreased from 14 to 8.5% due to fungal infection. Whilst, the infected samples had increased sugar to acidity ratio. ...
Sikander Ali1, Muhammad Kamil Malik1, Muhammad Zubair1*, Muhammad Jawad Saleem2, Kanwal Hanif2 and Saira Azmat3
...ded in integrated pest management strategies to control mustard aphid as alternatives to each other with the aim of evasion from development of resistance against these insecticides in mustard aphid.
...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1*, Taiba Sharif3, Samina J.N. Ahmad2, Sumaira Maqsood4 and Fariha Zafar3
...itidae), Bactrocera zonata, Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera cucurbitae was done in Punjab, Pakistan through PCR analysis using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene based primers. Phylogenetic analysis was also complemented to differentiate fruit flies identified from other countries of the world. The sequencing results and phylogenetic ana...
Adel E.M. Mahmoud1, AdamCieślak2, Paulina Szulc2, Anna Łukomska3 and Małgorzata Szumacher-Strabel2,*
...of chemical composition analyses indicated that DM, OM, ash and CP contents did not differ among treatments. Crude fiber content increased linearly with increased dried sugar beet pulp percentage in rations, with significant differences in D2, D3 and D4. Content of NDF was significantly higher in all experimental groups when compared with control group, whereas non-fibrous carbohydrates content decreased in all groups as the effect of corn grains replacement b...
Rizwan Ahmad and Muhammad Zulfiqar*
... in Lakki Marwat. A combination of multi-stage sampling and simple random sampling used to select five Union Councils (UCs), one village council from each UC and one village from each village council. Out of 611 households (HHs), 180 head/elders selected through random sampling process were interviewed. The secondary data, spread over 30 years from 1984 to 2013 pertaining to temperature, precipitation, area under cultivation and yield of crops was collected. A...
Sanaullah and Urooba Pervaiz*
...w schedule; through personal interview method. Result showed that 63.9% of the respondents were illiterate, 31.3% respondents were in age group between 25-35 years. Yield, income, plant spacing, seed rate, irrigation interval, and use of pesticide before and after training were computed with the help of paired sample t-test. Results revealed that in maize there is a significant decrease for seed rate (-11.6743 kg/acre) and irrigation interval (-16.03 days) aft...
Application of Water Quality and Pollution Tolerance Indexes as Effective Tools for River Management
Joyce Osarogie Odigie*
...being applied in river management by freshwater ecologists. Obueniyomo River is the main water supply channel for the inhabitants of Agemokpa village in Ovia East Local Government Area of Edo State, as they are fully dependent on it for agricultural and domestic use, bringing its ecological integrity to question. These anthropogenic effects result in the deteriorating quality of the water, which hampers the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates and may be...
Zara Ahmad1*, Fazli Rabbi2, Muhammad Zamin3, Bushra Kiran2, Tariq Shah2 and Shahzad Kouser4
...ntia) is considered for analysis. The primary data was collected from a sample of 110 farmers in the district of Faisal Abad, Punjab Pakistan. The data was analysed using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique. The results show that there is a significant difference between the on-season and off-season application of pesticides to bitter guard crop. The results clearly reveal that bitter gu...
Muhammad Waqas, Shahid Ali*, Syed Attaullah Shah and Ghaffar Ali
...s. This study therefore analysed supply response of unirrigated wheat in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during 1981-2017. Data was obtained from Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Development Statistics of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Pakistan Meteorological Department, Peshawar. ADF and PP tests of stationarity suggested that three variables are stationary at level and four...
Aftab Khan1, Shahid Ali1, Murtaza1, Sufyan Ullah Khan2 and Syed Attaullah Shah1
...f Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to analyze the allocative efficiency of inputs in maize production. This study employed a multistage stage sampling technique for choosing the sample size. The data was collected from 200 respondents using a well–designed interview schedule. Cobb-Douglas type production function was modelled to estimated allocative efficiencies of individual inputs used in maize production. The estimated allocative efficiencies of Urea and DAP were 3...
Mehwish Kiran1, Muhammad Saleem Jilani1, Kashif Waseem1*, Muhammad Sohail Khan1, Fazal Haq2, Muhammad Amjad Nadim3, Ghazanfar Ullah3 and Salma Shaheen4
...a-1) were collected and analysed. Results showed significant improvement in almost all studied parameters with the application of NPK and different organic manures. Highest mean data for all the parameters studied were recorded in NPK + PM, as maximum leaves’ count (21.67 and 22.33 plant-1), leaf length (32.20 and 38.33 cm), leaves weight (66.00 and 63.67 g plant-1), root length (29.87 and 29.37 cm), root diameter (4.01 and 3.83 cm), root weight (285.00 ...
Naveed Afsar* and Muhammad Idrees
...nsion services in disseminating climate change knowledge in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data was collected from the 400 farmers of the two purposively sampled districts as these two were the highly vulnerable areas from climate change. The major source of climate change information of the majority of farmers was electronic media and the overall regression analysis of the climate change perceptions reveal that climate change is happe...
Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Afzal1, Mian Anjum Murtaza2, Ejaz Ahraf3, Zahoor Hussain4, Syed Muhammad Ali Zahid1 and Maryam Riaz1
...calculated by the image analysis method using Sigma Scan Pro 5.0 software. The results of the present study showed that CLM generated larger mines; 1.64 cm2 on Grapefruit, 1.44 cm2 on Kinnow and 1.40 cm2 on Succari compared to other five cultivars. However, the percent leaf damage due to the feeding of CLM larvae was observed higher 44.2% on Fairchild, 36.5% on seedless Kinnow, 36.3% on Feutrell’s early and 35.8% on Kinnow that showed great susceptibilit...
Tanzeela Riaz1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2,*, Hareem Mansoor1, Sana Khan1 and Mushtaq A. Saleem1
...iv>...
Gul Afshan1,2,*, Soumble Zulfiqar2, Sumaira Mehboob2, Muhammad Tahir Javed Khan1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori2,*
...he development of recombinant vaccine against HCV by utilizing HCV3a envelope glycoprotein E2. HCV3a E2 gene was amplified and cloned first in cloning vector pTG19 and subcloned in expression vector pET21a. E2 protein, expressed in insoluble form, was purified by repeated sonications, followed by denaturation and refolding through fractional dialysis with urea. Multiple alignment wi...
Chen-Yu Sun, Wen-Chao Liu*, Mei Xiao, Zhi-Hui Zhao and Li-Long An*
...h performance and intestinal morphology in Chinese indigenous young yellow feather broilers. A total of 360 male, one-d-old Huaixiang chickens with an average initial BW of 44.52 ± 1.07 g were randomly allotted to 4 treatments. Each dietary treatment consisted of 6 replicate cages, with 15 birds per replicate. The 4 dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based diets and supplemented with 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg betaine, respectively. During d 1-1...
Tahir Iqbal1, Umer Rashid1*, Naveed Shahzad2, Amber Afroz1, Muhammad Faheem Malik3 and Muhammad Idrees4
... extensive phylogenetic analysis on the basis of partial helicase domain (ORF1) and capsid protein (ORF2) revealed clustering of Pakistani aHEV (Pak aHEV) strains with members of Orthohepevirus B species. However, Pak aHEV strains were highly divergent from other known members within Orthohepevirus B suggesting as novel aHEV strains circulating in the population of layer chickens in the country. Detection of HEV in layer chickens may pose ...
Syed Muhammad Hassan Raza1*, Syed Amer Mahmood1, Syeeda Areeba Gillani1, Syed Shehzad Hassan1, Muneeb Aamir1, Muhammad Saifullah1, Mubashar Basheer1, Atif Ahmad1, Saif-ul-Rehman2 and Tariq Ali1
...oduction before harvest enables agronomists and decision makers to determine the volume of grain precisely. Yield estimation is one of the challenging tasks which is significant to evaluate accurately for farmers. This research was conducted in eastern Punjab Pakistan by incorporating yield/area as reported by Crop Reporting Service Department along with open source satellite datasets. We downloaded three images of each year (2008-2018) from Geological Survey ...
Muhammad Saleem Hanif1, Khalid Javed Iqbal1,*, Arshad Javid3, Noor Khan2, Irfan4, Hamid Majeed5, Muhammad Altaf3
...jab. Head Taunsa and Punjnad were selected as study sites to collect information from fishermen through well prepared questionnaire. It was observed fishermen in both study sites were of 20 -55 year of age having maximum family size of 7-10 individuals. Illiterate fishermen were recorded to be 50 and 40 % at head Punjnad and Taunsa, respectively. Fishermen maximum yearly income at both stu...
Sajjad Ali1, Atta-ur-Rahman1 and Sher Ali2*
...ied for land use change analysis by comparing 1985 and 2015 Landsat images. Secondly, four sample union councils were targeted for medium level analysis. Thirdly, seven sample villages are targeted for micro level. The Landsat images of 1985 and 2015 are obtained from the open source Global Land Cover Facility (GLCF). The analysis revealed that the cultivated area was 146 square kilometer ...
Abir Ishtiaq and Muhammad Naeem*
...eed for carps and disseminate high stocking fish culture in the region. ...
Muhammad Ilyas* and Fida Mohammad
... F5:8 bread wheat recombinant inbred lines (RILs) with five checks. Experimental material was planted using alpha lattice design in two replicates at Peshawar (E1and E5), Kohat (E2 and E6), Sarai Naurang (E3 and E7) and Dera Ismail Khan (E4 and E8) (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) during 2014/15 and 2015/16. Locations in each year were considered as independent environments. Pooled ANOVA revealed significant interaction due to GE for days to heading, days to maturity, gra...
Salma Javed1, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1, Irfan Ullah2, Sadia Tabassum1,*
...emographic factors were analyzed one by one to assess their association with the disease. Smoking having OR=1.47, 95%CI=1.07-2.02 and P=0.0173 as well as a high level of stress having OR=1.27, 95%Cl=2.16-4.22 and P<0.0001were found more allied with the disease as these factors increase insulin resistance of the body cells and act as risk factors for developing the disease. Family history of diabetes having OR=3.35, 95% Cl=2.98-4.20, and P<0.0001 was also...
Wajid Khan* and Raziuddin
... (30.6 g). F1 cross combination AUP-10 × AUP-18 had high seed yield (36.5 g) and moderate days to maturity (177.0). Desirable significant negative best parent and commercial heterotic effects were observed in 17 and 13 hybrids for maturity, respectively. Desired significant positive best parent and commercial heterotic effects were observed in 18 and 21 hybrids for primary branches plant-1, 19 and 10 hybrids for pods main raceme-1, 11 and 05 hybrids for ...
Mustasim Famous*, Obaidul Islam, Shameema Khatun, Mohammed Mustafizur Rahman and Tania Ferdoushi
...ow the feeding system, management practice, problems and prospects of turkey farming in different turkey farms of Sylhet district of Bangladesh. Data were collected from 6 turkey farms under the Sylhet region. The observation was taken of status of farmers, source of technical support, the turkey flock size (according to age variation), feed intake, housing system, feeding system, quantity of feed supplied to each turkey/day, floor space, feeder space, waterer...
Matiullah Khan*, Shameemul Sibtain Shah, Atiqullah Khan, Muhammad Sarwar and Shoaib Ahmed
...d during 2015-16 at National Agricultural Research Center Islamabad to evaluate the availability of P from different particle size of Hazara rock phosphate (HRP) by manual preparation of Single Super Phosphate (SSP) through the procedure already established by the author and testing its efficacy in comparison to DAP on rainfed wheat. Almost 50 bags of SSP were prepared using formula “100 kg of indigenous HRP with total P2O5 content of X and mesh size 160...
Muhammad Sharif1*, Sadullah1, Ghulam Rasool2, Muhammad Nasir Khan1, Zubair Rehman1, Ahmed Khan2, Ijaz Ahmad3 and Khalid Hussain4
...rtant to explore an alternative farming system which improves soil properties, environment friendly and provide sufficient crop yield. Conservation tillage system is successfully practiced worldwide as a resource conserving techniques. Therefore, an experiment was conducted under the treatments, i.e. conventional tillage (CT), Zero tillage (ZT) and Chisel plough (CP) during the year 2016 at the field research area of Balochi...
Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi1*, Ibtasam Riaz2, Syed Muneeb Haider2, Arfan Ahmed Gilal3, Anjum Shehzad4, Ahmed Zia4 and Abdul Rauf Bhatti4
...egetables. However, many natural enemies, particularly predators have demonstrated key influence on its population regulation. Thus, this laboratory study was conducted to evaluate feeding potential of two coccinellid predators i.e., Menochilous sexmaculata and Coccinella septempunctata on eggs and nymphs of P. minor. Results confirmed that both species of coccinellid showed feeding potential against eggs and nymphs of P. minor. Comparatively, M. sexmaculata s...
Zijuan Li1,2, Rong Ma2, Muhammad Khan3*, Chenchen Liu2, Xiaolin Cui2 and Yongming Li1,2*
...droxy-trans-stilbene), a naturally occurring analog of resveratrol has been shown to exhibit anticancer activity in various human cancer cells. However, the anticancer mechanism of piceatannol is not well studied. In the meantime, cisplatin (CDDP) is the first line treatment for some tumors. The present study was aimed to explore the cellular targets and anticancer mechanism of piceatannol in human osteosarcoma U2OS cells. C...
Abdul Waheed1,2, Sidrah Saleem1, Naveed Shahzad3, Junaid Akhtar4, Muhammad Saeed5, Iqra Jameel1, Farhan Rasheed6 and Shah Jahan7,*
...imens, collected from Jinnah Hospital Lahore during January-December 2015. Majority of the GNRs were isolated from urine samples (55%) followed by pus (28%), blood (7%), sputum (6%), Broncho-alveolar lavage (2%), fluid (1%) and from tips (1%). The isolated organisms were Escherichia coli (n=60), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=20), Enterobacter cloaca (n=09), Enterobacter aerogenes (n=02), Proteus mirabilis (n=05), Proteus vulgar...
Fiza Asif1,*, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Nasra Ashraf1, Nuzhat Shafi1, Abdul Rauf1, Khizra Bano1, Muhammad Razzaq2 and Naeem Iftikhar Dar2
...o ecology and wildlife management. Present study was designed to determine the diet composition of Kashmir grey langur in Machiara National Park, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan during summer 2015 and winter 2015-16 from fecal material using microhistological technique. Sixty fecal samples were collected from the study area during summer 2015 and winter 2015-16, i.e. thirty samples during each season. These samples w...
Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Ayesha Zafar1 and Sher Muhammad2
...istics, topography and management strategies. Water, even may be saline, is becoming more precious natural resource. Hence, there should be more crops and jobs per drop while conserving the quality of present terrestrial and groundwater. Saline water has been used for production of fodder and forages in many countries. Managing soil and water salinity under prevailing conditions of Pakista...
Muhammad Ali1*, Norsida Man2 and Farrah Melissa Muharam2
...ave been undertaken to manage agricultural risk from the field perspective. However, less attention has been paid to examine the influence of subjective norms on ICT usage among farmers for the management of agricultural risk in Malaysia. Therefore, the present study was designed to meet the objective. The research data were collected through a field survey in which 360 farmers were interviewed through the multistage cluster...
Huaisheng Zhang1, Pengfei Li2, Huajun Wen2, Guangming Tian1, Hui Chen1, Lu Zhang1 and Jianqiang Zhu1,*
...s a unique species in China, which has been extinct in China for nearly 200 years. In 1980, the Milu was reintroduced into China and has now become a first-class protected animal in the country. Moreover, research on the Milu has begun. After 30 years of breeding and development, the Milu population has formed stable captive or wild populations in Beijing, Dafeng, Shishou and Dongting Lake...
Muhammad Khalid Rafique1, Rashid Mahmood1,*, Ziyad Abdul Qadir1,Imran Bodlah2 andFarid AsifShaheen2
...search Institute of National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad on Apis mellifera Lingustica honeybee colonies during the spring months of March-April 2017. The effects of four larval grafting techniques, addition of royal jelly (A), dry grafting (B), grafting with addition of one drop of distilled water (C) Royal jelly plus distilled water (D) on queen bee rearing were investigated under field conditions. A considerable variation in queen rearing ...
Huma Sattar1, Sehrish Firyal1,*, Ali Raza Awan1, Habib-Ur -Rehman2, Muhammad Sajid Hasni3 and Amjad Islam Aqib4*
...ll 3D protein structure analysis of TNF-α gene. The association between polymorphism identified within the TNF-α gene with mastitis reported in this study revealed that SNPs has potential to serve as a molecular marker for screening of mastitis resistant and susceptible Sahiwal cows.
...
Mumtaz Ali Khan1,*, Sher Bahadar Khan2, Shakoor Ahmad2, Irshad Ahmad3, Ikramul Haq4, Kashif Prince1, Asad Ullah5, Muhammad Shoaib2, Shahid Zaman6, Amjad Islam Aqib7, Ghazunfar Rashid1, Mahboob Ali1, Imdad Ullah Khan4,Imad Khan5, Naimat Ullah4 and Muhammad Shahid8
...of both groups were vaccinated with enterotoxaemia vaccine. Group C was kept as negative control in both rabbits and goats. The immune titer against C. perfringens type D was evaluated on 0, 7, 14, 28th and 60th day of vaccination with indirect haemagglutination test (IHA). The results showed significantly higher (P< 0.05) immune titer in vitamin E supplemen...
Laiba Shafique1,*, Muhammad Afzal2, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah3, Mahroze Fatima4, Huma Naz5, Saif ur Rehman1, Youchuan Wei1 and Qingyou Liu1,*
...ce and muscle proximate analyses of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Four experimental diets viz. FD1, FD2, FD3 and FD4 having formic acid (%) and vitamin D3 (IU/Kg) 0, 0; 2, 0; 0, 5000 and 2, 5000, respectively were prepared. Fish were fed with experimental diets for 90 days. Growth performance of fish was observed on fortnightly basis throughout the trail. At the end of feeding trail, fish were dissected to obtain the s...
Uzma Rafi*, Asmat, Muqaddes Niaz, Syeda Shazia Bokhari and Aisha Waheed Qurashi*
... cockroaches on the external and internal surfaces. These harbored species have great public health concern. There is a variable tendency of these microbes to adhere to various abiotic and biotic surfaces showing chances of infection. Present study aims to check biofilm formation and auto aggregation potential of the bacteria associated with cockroaches. For this purpose, cockroaches were captured from house sewerage and two...
Muhammad Suleman1,*, Abu ul Hassan Faiz2, Muhammad Shahbaz2 and Ayesha Riaz3
...on the production of xylanase. Submerged fermentation was carried out in 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks using vogel’s medium at 35°C for five days. UV irradiated A. niger has significantly increased the xylanase production as compared to parent strains. Twenty minutes exposure of A. niger was considered suitable for the production of xylanase. Wheat bran concentration (3....
S. Jalbani1, N.T. Narejo2,* and P. Khan2
...n the suitable ranges. Finally decided that chopped chicken viscera found to be ideal food for better growth and survival of catfish Rita rita reared in cemented cisterns....
Irfan Irshad1, Asim Aslam1,*, Muhammad Yasin Tipu1, Kamran Ashraf2, Beenish Zahid3 and Abdul Wajid4
... characterized from vaccinated birds collected between 2013-14. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the isolates belonged to sub-genotype VIIi with high similarity of 97.9 to 99.8% with similar viruses in this clade. Analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene sequences of the two AIV was performed and phylogenetic analysis reveals genetically closely-...
Lin Qi, Lu Li, Danyang Chen, Mingxiao Liu, Yan Wu and Wei Hu*
...he monomericpeptide was analyzed by sequential Edman degradation using a protein/peptide sequencer. The antibacterial activity of the protein monomer in antlerplate was studied by disc diffusion method, and the antibacterial ring diameter of each antibacterial agent was measured to determine its antibacterial ability. The molecular mass and purity of this polypeptide was 18.970kDa and 90%. Amino acid sequence analyses indica...
Min Li1,2, Jingjing Wang3, Suxian Hu3, Philip Stott4, Baoqing Lin5, Lianshan Li5, Hui Liu1, Heng Bao1, Duoying Cui6 and Guangshun Jiang1,*
...serve of northeastern China from 2000 to 2009, and used remote sensing and GIS technologies to map land cover types. We linked cover types to avian species richness, evenness, and Shannon’s diversity using a stepwise linear regression model and regressions of proportions of cover types at different spatial scales. We recorded 109,026 sightings comprising 94 species, and found that avian diversity indices were positively influenced by the presence of open...
Jinfeng Liu1,2, Yanhong Cao3, Tong Feng1, Laiba Shafique1, Chan Luo1, Peng Zhu1,4,* and Qingyou Liu1,*
... of buffalo was cloned, analyzed, and its’ expression pattern was further determined. It consists of 1185 nucleotides that encodes 394 peptides bond. The BMP15 gene was observed to be expressed in cumulus tissue, granular tissue, hypophysis, genital ridge and tissues of ovary and testis. Moreover, QRT-PCR results showed that BMP15 was expressed in the whole process of embryogenesis and folliculogenesis, early high level and then down regula...
Sajida Sabahat1, Asif Nadeem1,*, Maryam Javed1, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor1, Shahid Nabeel1 and Abu Saeed Hashmi2
... polymorphisms in genes enable us to estimate biological similarities and obtain a better perspective of quantitative traits that play key roles in development and regulating growth. The present study was conducted to characterize genetic variability in the growth hormone (GH) and growth hormone receptor (GHR) of Camelus dromedarius. GH is secreted and synthesized from somatotroph cells of the anterior pituitary lobe and plays significant role in growth...
Saleh S. Alhewairini
...Therefore, control and management of RPW have gained the attention of government as well as private concerns. In this study, the toxicity of acetamiprid and sulfoxaflor on RPW was evaluated under laboratory conditions. RPW (larvae and adult) showed high susceptibility to both acetamiprid and sulfoxaflor. In addition, both insecticides had significant effect on the mortality of RPW (larvae and adult) except the pupal stage under laboratory conditions. After dir...
Shanshan Cai1, Tianxiang Gao2, Binlun Yan3, Aiyi Zhu1 and Xiumei Zhang1,2,*
...ry industry. However the natural resources of swimming crabs are declining and enhancement programs are being conducted for resources restoration for decades. In this study, 524 female broodstock from 10 hatcheries and 547 recaptured crabs from 6 investigations were used to assess the proportion of released individuals and evaluate the effect of the program in Shandong Province in 2014. Parentage determination between broods...
Sabbah M. Allam, T.M. El-Bedawy, M.H. Bakr and A.E.M. Mahmoud*
...e pulp (DOP), as an alternative energy source in the ration of Holstein dairy cows, on nutrient digestibility, blood constituents, level of antioxidants in plasma, and presence and count of fecal pathogenic bacteria e.g. E. coli and Salmonella spp. Forty lactating Holstein cows, weighing 550±50 kg, with an average of 20 kg daily milk yield, were randomly divided into four groups (ten in each group). Animals were fed rations containi...
Abdulkareem Mohamed Matar1, Moez Ayadi1,2, Hassen Mohamed Sbihi3*, Imeddine Arbi Nehdi3, Mutassim Mohammad Abdelrahman1 and Riyadh Saleh Aljumaah1
...were composed of traditional feed (TF, barley and alfalfa hay) and three complete feeds with different compositions (CF1, CF2, and CF3). Twenty-four Najdi ewes were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6) after lambing and fed different diets. Milk fat percentage was higher in the milk of ewes fed TF (5.47%), CF1 (4.95%), or CF2 (6.40%); however, milk protein percentage was higher in the milk of ewes fed...
Mahdi Khojastekey1, Majid Kalantar1, Jam Zaheer Ahmed2, Samiullah Khan3, Muhammad Altaf Hussain4, Rajwali Khan5 and Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza6*
...r-round without any hormonal treatment.2) in treatment group 191 ewes were exposed to rams 3 times in two years by means of hormonal treatment. In the second group ewes were treated with progesterone sponge for 14 days prior to the mating and received 400 IU of PMSG at sponge removal. Reproductive, productive and economic records of ewes were collected for two years and data were analyzed....
Biomarkers for Pathogenic Clostridium perfringens in Small Ruminants of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Sher Bahadar Khan2, Naimat Ullah Khan3, Muhammad Asfandyar Khan2, Kashif Prince1,*, Mahboob Ali1, Ghazunfar Rashid1 and Azmat Ulah Khan2
...population from non-vaccinated dams of selected districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. Samples were obtained from non-vaccinated lambs and kids with the signs of enterotoxaemia. The isolates were initially identified by colony characteristics, Gram staining, biochemical tests and CFU/g. Clostridium perfringens was isolated from 43.45% of lambs and 50.59% of the kids. Obtained isolates were further a
Rais Ahmed1,2,*, Muhammad Khalid Mansoor1,2, Iftikhar Hussain1, Muhammad Saqib3, Muhammad Hammad Hussain4, Amjad Islam Aqib5, Haleema Sadia6, Javed Muhammad7, Asma Irshad8, Kashif Prince5, Muhammad Zain Saleem9 and Abdul Whab Manzoor10
...ersistent diarrhea and finally death. Due to zoonotic nature of the disease, workers in slaughterhouses are at a high risk of infection. In this study, the status of paratuberculosis was assessed in a slaughterhouse located in district Faisalabad, Pakistan. A total of 455 blood samples were collected from slaughtered cattle and buffaloes at random and then tested by a commercially available ELISA kit for the detection of ant...
Mohammed Al Bratty1,*, Hassan A. Alhazmi1,2, Desam Nagarjuna Reddy3, Abdul Jabbar Al-Rajab3, Sadique A. Javed1 and Zia ur Rehman1,4
...ere identified as predominant aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds. The propolis extract has exhibited remarkable antimicrobial activity against certain strains of bacteria and yeasts. In general, significant antimicrobial activity was recorded against gram positive bacteria (zone of inhibition: 16.3±0.35–30.6±0.11 mm; MICs: 1–4 μg/ml); while gram negative bacteria (zone of inhibition: 10.1±0.23–17.2±0.13 mm; MICs: 4...
Abdul Hanan1, Talha Nazir1, Abdul Basit1, Shahbaz Ahmad2 and Dewen Qiu1,*
...ue to their eco-friendly nature. The virulence potential of 3 different isolates of Lecanicillium lecanii formerly recognized as Verticillium lecanii (V-2, V-3 and V-5) with different bioassay materials (conidia, filtrate and the binary combination of conidia + filtrate) were evaluated against green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) under control condition. Conidial bioassa...
Muhammad Zameer Khan1, Sair Sarwar1*, Ahmad Khan1, Razaullah Khan1, Munazza Yousra1 and Muhammad Ilyas2
...y wheat. Two extractants namely, AB-DTPAand NH4OAc were tested for K extraction from soils. The results showed a high positive correlation between AB-DTPA and NH4OAc extractable K, plant growth and yield parameters. The amounts of soil K had positive correlation with shoot K concentration and grain yield of wheat with r = 0.48 and 0.49, respectively for AB DTPA as compared to that of 0.40 and 0.42 for NH4OAc K. On the basis of ...
Ihsanullah*, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi, Sohail Akhtar and Syed Muhammad Suhail
...igate the effect of seasonal stress on economic traits with special emphasis on postpartum resumption of ovarian activities. Reproductive and productive records of crossbred dairy cows were analyzed at a large-scale state dairy farm from 1997 to 2013. Genetic groups consisted of HF 50.0%, HF 62.5%, HF 75.0% and HF 87.5%, having the respective levels of Holstein Friesian blood were studied in different seasons of the year. No...
Li-na Li1, Sheng Li2, Ping Gui3, Jing-hui Li1, Fen Ai4,* and Li-li Cai1,*
...atment of radiation pulmonary fibrosis. Recent studies have suggested that urine can provide an effective and noninvasive source of many differentiating or differentiated progenitor cells and stem cells. The aim of our present study was to assess the therapeutic effects of human urine-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (uMSCs) in a cell model of radiation pulmonary fibrosis. MRC-5 cells were irradiated and cultured in the pre...
Aqsa Pervaiz1*, Rukhshanda Afridi1, Zahra Pervaiz1, Rabia Masood1 and Hira Pervaiz2
Nazish Mazhar Ali1, Asma Ashraf 2*, Iram Liaqat2, Bushra Mazhar2, Shaukat Ali2 and Saiqa Andleeb3
...AH-16) and Ethylamine cinnamaldehyde derivative (SAHC-7) compounds with 1mm diameter of zone of inhibition under optimum growth conditions i.e., optimum pH and temperature. Antibacterial activity of leaf extract of Azadirachta indica (Neem Plant) was also checked. Methanol is used as a standard against which all the pathogenic bacterial isolates showed resistance. The minimum sensitivity showed by Staphylococcus sp. (BS4C) with the zone of...
Khalid Khan1*, Hazrat Yousaf1, Noor Mohammad1, Munir Khan1 and Do Thi Thao2
...ply on food prices in China. It investigates the time series data from 1995 to 2018 by employing Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique. Empirical results indicate that money supply has a significant and positive impact on food prices, as food prices are unswervingly linked to food security, real disposable income of households’and food production. The results of the study also revealed that the implication of monetary policy will be a significa...
Naveed Ahmed1*, Abdul Waheed1, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Imtiaz Ahmed1, Muhammad Abbas Khan1, Sohail Aslam1, Muhammad Adil Younis2, Seemab Ali1, Nadia Khan1 and Madiha Bashir1
...l Research Council, National Tea and High Value Crops Research Institute Shinkiari, Mansehra during the season of 2018. There were two cabbage cultivars (Asha and Red) and four concentrations of Gibberellic acid (GA3) (0, 20, 40 and 60 ppm). Experiment was laid out on Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Data showed a significant difference among most of the growth parameters. Maximum head weight (2306.7 g), stem length (...
Muhammad Raza Khan1, Tariq Mahmood1,*, Hira Fatima1, Faraz Akrim2, Shaista Andleeb1 and Abdul Hamid1
... grey wolf at an elevational range between 2332 m to 2926 m above mean sea level (amsl); a total of 7 dens, 30 pug marks and 33 scats of the species were recorded. A careful estimate gave a population density of 0.45 individuals/km2 in the study area. Scat analysis for diet composition showed 5 domestic and 8 wild prey species in its diet menu, with major share (53 %) from livestock and relatively less (46%) from ...
Ambreen Leghari1,2, Asghar Ali Kamboh2,*, Shakeel Ahmed Lakho1, Faiz Muhammad Khand1, Kanwar Kumar Malhi2,3, Iqra Bano Chandio4, Seema Baloch5 and Jan Mohammad Shah4
...ganism from the milk and nasal secretions of cattle using the Lowenstein-Jensen media. An overall prevalence of 34.38% was recorded by rapid test that was higher (P< 0.001) than SITT (3.13%) and culture test (2.50%). A somewhat higher prevalence was recorded in Hyderabad district (SITT 3.75%, Rapid 36%, culture 3.75%) as compared to Tando Allahyar district (SITT 2.5%, Rapid 32%, culture 1.25%). In Hyderabad district, rapid test showed a significantly higher...
Qudsia Yousafi1*, Muhammad Aslam2 andShahzad Saleem1
...injal, Solanum melongena, during the 2013-14 and 2014-15 crop seasons. Brinjal varieties Round Black, Dilnasheen, Black Beauty, Hybrid Shilpa, Bemisal and Nirala were used in the experiment. The number of aphids and ladybeetles were recorded at weekly intervals from October 15 to March 1, both years. Aphid numbers were recorded on three leaves per plant and four plants per plot and averaged per leaf. Numbers of ladybe...
Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Imtiaz Khan1*, Bashir Ahmad1, Fazal Maula2 and Sardar Hussain1
...lzer) and its associated natural enemies at Agricultural Research Institute (ARI) Mingora Swat, during the growing season 2017. The tomato cultivars include Swat local, Rio-Grande early, U-Grande, Rio-Grande late, Tomato BSS-30, 87-5 China and Roma VF. These varieties were sown in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Results of this research showed that aphid population remained constant on different cul...
Muhammad Mansoor1, Khalid Usman2*, Shahid Hameed Khan Khalil3, Abdul Mateen Khattak4, Muhammad Ehsan Elahi1, Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik2 and Amir Hamza2
...
...
Muhammad Ramzan1, Unsar Naeem-Ullah1*, Muhammad Ishtiaq1, Ghulam Murtaza2, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1 and Faisal Manzoor1
...ability of biological fauna over a year, a study was designed. The study was carried out Research Farm of MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences during 2018. In the study, population of beneficial insects was corelated with the weather parameters (temperature, humidity and rainfall on two cotton genotypes; Bt (MNH-992) and Non-Bt (Cyto-124). The four
Mubasshir Sohail1,2,*, Raza Muhammad1 and Qadeer Ahmed Soomro1
...ole in integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for many crop pests. The influence of different prey types has been studied to strengthen the C. carnea. Current in-vitro study was made to figure out the effects of different prey on mortality and certain biological characteristics of C. carnea. The highest mortality rate (66.43±2.13%) was for larvae, which fed upon Oleander aphid, Aphis nerii. Less larval mortality (7.86&pl...
Faleye Temitope Oluwasegun Cephas1,2*, Adewumi Moses Olubusuyi1, Olayinka Olaitan Titilola3 and Adeniji Johnson Adekunle1,3
...y-nine cell culture supernatants (CCS) (collected between 2016 and 2017) from RD and L20b cell-culture-tubes with NR-CPE, were analyzed. The tubes had been previously inoculated with stool suspension from children (<15 years) in Nigeria with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). All CCS were screened for Enteric Adenoviruses (EAVs) and group A Rotavirus (GARV) using a rapid immunochromatographic test kit. Subsequently, they were...
Ping Jiang1 , Zhihui Zhao1, 2, Xiaohui Li2, Mengyan Wang2, Lixin Xia2, Yang Cao3, Runjun Yang2 and Xibi Fang2*
...helial cells (BMECs) to analyse the effect on intracellular triglyceride (TG) content by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot, cell TG Assay and RT2 Profiler PCR array. The results showed that ABCA1 knockdown reduced the TG content in BMECs. On the other hand, the RT2 Profiler PCR array demonstrated that the expression levels of 12 genes, including fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), acyl-CoA dehydr...
Adewumi Moses Olubusuyi1, Ogunsakin Temitope Rachael1, Ogunrombi Sefiu Babatunde1, Ojeamiren Iduda1, Olawole Alaba Samuel1, Faleye Temitope Oluwasegun Cephas1,2* and Adeniji Johnson Adekunle1,3
...of enteroviruses in supernatants of cytopathic effect (CPE) negative RD and L20B cell culture tubes in which faecal suspension from acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases were cultured. Samples analyzed were collected in 2017 as part of the AFP surveillance program in Nigeria and declared negative for enteroviruses because they did not produce CPE in RD and L20B cell lines. In all, 120 cell culture super
Shaikh Abdul Lateef, Zhou Lin, Wu Jian, Junjie Qian and Zheng Shusen*
...nts are required to be managed to avoid any additional infection that could come from surgical procedures or through unhygienic conditions. In this case report, we demonstrate the management, care and complication of liver transplantation in patients with pre-established hepatitis B infections. Information gained through this study would be helpful to have better ma
Himanshu Mishra, Vikas Kumar and Ashish Kumar*
...ed pochard (Netta rufina), Common coot (Fulica atra) and Gadwall (Mareca strepera) were the most populated species in the present study. The number of birds was not significantly different among winter months except between October/December and October/January wherein, we found significant variation in the number of birds at the Bakhira tal. Of the five main habitat types viz. lowland vegetation, upland vegetation, emergent vegetati...
Shad Mahfuz1,2, Shuyuan Wang1, Mo Chen1, Fei Zao1, Dong Zhen1,
Zhongjun Liu4 and Hui Song1,3*
...or the interest of using natural herbs is to eliminate the use of low-dose antibiotics in poultry production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Flammulina velutipes stem waste (FVW) inclusion in laying hens diet on production performance, egg quality and serum metabolic profile during the early phase of production.A total of 105 ISA Brown 18 wk old...
Muhammad Khaled Siddiq1, Fatima Yousuf Dar1,M. Akbar Khan1, Muhammad Adeeb Babar1,*, Sayyed Ghyour Abbas1, Asra Ghaus1, Musdassir Iqbal1 and Muhammad Akhtar2
...> Damalops sp., Caprinae gen. indet. (aff. Capricornis) roylei. These new findings allowed to calibrate the exact stratigraphic position of the species. Sivatragus bohlini, previouslyrecovered from the Upper Siwaliks, and difficult to date. Moreover, antelopes are documented for the first time from this locality.
...
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Umar Mumtaz1, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan3 and Abdul Naveed4
... of district Sargodha. Finally, 425 potential respondents were identified from which sample of 120 respondents was randomly selected. The data were collected by using interview schedule. Descriptive as well as inferential statistics were employed for interpretation of the desired results. Significant association was observed between age groups of the senior farmers and capacity building approaches or styles used by the senior farmers to train and educate young...
Faheem Aslam1*, Aneel Salman1 and Inayatullah Jan2
...dies proved that traditional econometric techniques face significant challenges in out of sample predictability tests due to model uncertainty and parameter instability. Recent studies introduce several machine learning algorithms to improve time series prediction accuracy. The purpose of this study is to develop a precise wheat production model using artificial neural networks (ANN). A total of 71 years’ wheat production data from 1948 to 2018 is d...
Muhammad Abu Bakar1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Rashid Mahmood2, Ziyad Abdul Qadir2, Muhammad Arshad1 and Mubasshir Sohail3
...lonies of Apis mellifera naturally infested with Varroa destructor. Varroa destructor (Anderson and Trueman) is the most destructive pest of honeybees and a major threat to beekeepers in different areas of the world. Many control measures including application of chemicals, are adopted to control the infestation of mites in honey bee colonies. Chemical are still the most effective option; however, they pose different threats; due to which they should be alter<...
Sameera Arshad1*, Arshad Mahmood Malik2 and Iftikhar Hussain3
...stify;">Pakistan is a signatory to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. Like many other countries, bird strike risk to aviation is increasing at most of the airports in the country. Analysis of bird strike data of Benazir Bhutto Internationa...
Tasleem Akhtar1,2,Ghazanfar Ali1,*, Nuzhat Shafi2 and Abdul Rauf2
...hylogeny of Schizothoracinae containing four species distributed in the north and north-east Himalayas was investigated based on the complete mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequences. The average nucleotide length of 16S rRNA in 45 samples ranged from 1527 to 1552 bps. Five haplotypes (h) were observed, with haplotype div...
Zhijun Zhong1, Rui Tu1, Xichun Wang2, Yi Geng1, Qicheng Xiao1, Yinan Tian1, Bin Wei1, Jiaming Dan1, Ya Wang1 and Guangneng Peng1,*
...anis. However, in China, information regarding brucellosis in pet dogs caused by B. canis is limited. In the present study, we conducted a comprehensive molecular, pathological, and immunohistochemical analysis to detect this pathogen in pet dogs. Molecular methods, combining three types of PCR assays, identified two strains isolated from two pet dogs as Brucella canis. Histopathological changes revealed ex...
Qi Ren, Shufeng Sun, Chen Niu, Yuhong Li, Yingzhi Chong, Biao Li, Guoying Zheng and Fumin Feng*
...s investigated. Dehydrogenase activity was detected by a lactate dehydrogenase assay kit; superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malonaldehyde (MDA) concentration were detected by a total superoxide dismutase test kit and a malondialdehyde test kit. Genomic DNA and RNA...
Lin Sun1, Xiaofang Bu2, Jian Wang1*, Xiaorui Liu1 and Zhanyi Kong2
...on in bronchial and pulmonary interstitial are regarded as the main pathological injury of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). However, the exact mechanism of CXCL8 and its mRNA in the children with Mycoplasmal pneumonia needs to be further clarified. The concentration of the CXCL8 in serum and the level of CXCL8 mRNA
Taimoor Khalid*, Asad Ullah and Mussawar Shah
...between poor forest governance and illegality . The research area comprised three union councils i.e. Pir Khail, Agra and Totai of Tehsil Batkhela, District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A sample size of 357 respondents was proportionally allocated to the mentioned three union councils of the study area and selected by simple random sampling technique. Perception of the respondents regarding illegality in forest ma...
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Imtiaz Sarwar1, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Rehan Khalid1, Muhammad Yahya1 and Khurram Shehzad2
... of edaphic arthropod fauna is usually influenced by different land-management practices and land-use types and these edaphic arthropod communities can provide valuable information about the prevailing status of soil quality. The present study was aimed to evaluate the population abundance and diversity of edaphic arthropod groups in different land-use types and categories in different localities of District Sargodha (Punjab...
Shagufta Naz1, Ayesha Javed1, Ayesha Saleem1, Khadija Murtaza1, Rukhama Haq1, Akbar Hayat2 and Neelma Munir1,*
...of gamma radiation were analyzed for different aspects like microflora, moisture, fat, ash, fiber, phenolic content, sprouting inhibition, physiological weight loss, pyruvate analysis and sugar contents. Gamma radiation affected these parameters at higher doses but at 0.5 kGy no significant change was observed. 0.5 kGy prouting was inhibited and microflora was reduced at this dose without affecting its nutritio
Muhammad Siddique1, Muhammad Shafique2,*,Abdul Mateen3, Naveed Shahzad4, Bilal Aslam2, Nasir Ahmad1 and Muhammad Usman Qamar2
...notypes are helpful for analyzing disease severity and start of therapy. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the genotyping of clinically isolated HCV from a Liver Center Faisalabad, Pakistan. A total of 3200 clinical samples were screened for the presence of anti-HCV antibodies by ICT method. Among positive samples, confirmation was carried out by RT-PCR and clustered into four groups (acute, chronic, cirrhotic and hepatocellular carcinoma) on the...
Yating Cheng1, Wenlong Shi1, Xue Xiao2, Qirong Zhang2, Qihao Zhang1, Zhijian Su1, Qi Xiang1,2* and Yadong Huang1,2
...ntial role in cell maintenance and organization. Collagen has a unique triple-helix structure composed of three polypeptides, and hydroxylation of proline residues is vital for the stability of this triple-helix. Prolyl-4-hydroxylase (P4H) is an enzyme with an α2β2 tetramer arrangement that functions to post-translationally hydroxylate proline residues in the collagen chain. The α subunit (P4Hα) of the...
Muhammad Zubair1, Sagheer Ahmad2*, Awais Rasool1, Muhammad Asad Farooq1 and Ibni Amin Khalil3
...garcane (Saccharum officinarum L) genotypes that combine high yield and stability across environments via Genotype and Genotype × Environment (GGE)-Biplot Technique to identify best potential varieties of sugarcane for a region. Nineteen varieties of sugarcane were assessed in seven environmentally different locations of Pakistan for their yield response. Experiment at each location was carried out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three re...
Po Bunnika, Khalid Khan and Guo Xiangyu*
...y has introduced the ordinary least squares (OLS) model to examine the relationship between profitability ratios and performance measures, which indicates that return on assets and equity are linked to technical and distribution efficiency. The cooperatives could increase their profits by upsurging sales performance instead of improving technical performance. These results also confirm that cooperatives managers should give ...
Rafiq-ur-Rehman1*, Zahoor Ahmad1, Wiqar Ahmad2, Muhammad Mansoor3 and Shah Masaud1
...pective of variable seasonal effect in Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
...
Abdul Majeed1*, Muhammad Anwar-ul-Haq2, Abid Niaz3, Abid Mahmood4, Naeem Ahmad1 and Hafiz Muhammad Walyat Ali Khan1
...ent residual sodium carbonate (RSC), electrical conductivity (EC), and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). A substantial decrease in plant photosynthetic rate, and potassium contents were noted in all varieties under salt stress. Varieties i.e. V07096 and V05082 showed higher rate of photosynthesis and potassium contents than V05003 and V07194. The salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive genotypes, V07096 and V05003, respectively were then grown in soil medium. Lower plan...
Riaz Shah1* and Margaret Appleby2
...ticide.
...
Azra1* and Shaukat Hussain2
...ve hierarchical cluster analysis with grain yield and disease severity categorized the tested genotypes into two major clusters. Cluster 1 is further divided into three sub clusters. In sub cluster I most of the genotypes are moderately resistant with medium to high yielding potential. Sub cluster II includes highly susceptible genotypes with low yield potential. Sub cluster III has moderately susceptible to moderately resistant genotypes. However, genotypes o...
Sadreddin Tusun*
...vinces in South Eastern Anatolian Region of Turkey and maintained in the laboratory. The different parts of the third instar larvae such as antennae, head, mandibles, abdomen and types of sensory receptors are described and illustrated.
...
Zahra Eftekhar1, Morteza Naderi2,*, Mohammad Kaboli3, Hamid R. Rezaei4 and Nematollah Khorasani3
...le intraspecific evolutionary divergence among the local populations settled in the Hyrcanian forests of northern Iran. Geometric morphometric approaches in this study confirm the presence of multiple cryptic refugia for Fat dormouse as a small forest-dwelling species during paleontological oscillations. Such findings correspond to those of previous molecular and niche analyses. Our research also confirms an ideal capability...
Hande Kucukonder1, Pinar Celebi Demirarslan1*, Sezai Alkan2 and Özgür Baris Bırgul3
...th nonlinear regression analysis and grey prediction model. For this, the growth of 118 broilers was analyzed by using their weekly individual live weights from hatch to 49 day-old. In the analysis, nonlinear functions and Rolling-Grey Model (1,1) prediction method were used. The time-dependent growths of mixed sexes broilers were analyzed in the aspects...
Muhammad Nisar* and Muhammad Idress
... agricultural input in a nation’s domestic treasure. Therefore, the current study was carried out with the objective to assess small farmers’ involvement in home gardening at district Tank, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa- Pakistan. Three hundred and twenty (320) small farmers were selected randomly on the basis of their involvement in home gardening via a pre-tested close ended interview schedule. Data were analyzed by SPSS....
Wiqar Ahmad1*, Farmanullah Khan2, Muhammad Sharif2 and Muhammad Jamal Khan2
...h aimed to investigate management strategies for rehabilitation of soil quality and crops productivity on eroded agricultural land. The research was conducted with three cropping patterns viz wheat after maize, lentil after maize and wheat-lentil intercrop after maize in main plots and four fertilizer treatments viz the control, farmer’s practice (FP) (N:P2O5 @ 60:45 and 15:30 kg ha-1 for cereals and lentils), recommended...
Muhammad Qasim1*, Said Qasim2, Muhammad Naeem1, Amir Nawaz Khan3 and Shahid Iqbal4
...shing farmers and occasional fishers, through two stage cluster sampling. Livelihoods asset pentagons were used for the analysis. Considerable decline in physical and economic assets were noted among all the three types of fishers, whereas the total value of livelihood assets for farming fishers deteriorated from 0.40 in 2001 to 0.33 in 2016. The study recommends that concerned authorities should take initiative to create aw...
Tahsin Razzaq*, Muhammad Fareed Khan and Shahid Iqbal Awan
...mprovement in new recombinants of selected parents for yield enhancement. The present study revealed the effectiveness of selection and hybridization for enhancement of resistance to NCLB and improvement of yield and yield associated traits and their utilization in future breeding program.
...
Rakhshanda Kousar1, Tahira Sadaf1*, Muhammad Sohail Amjad Makhdum2, Muhammad Amjed Iqbal1 and Raza Ullah1
... study in hand provides analysis of Pakistan’s comparative and competitive advantage in production of top three fruits, namely mango, citrus and dates by using Revealed Comparative Advantage, Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage, Relative Export Advantage Index and Log of Relative Export Advantage Index. For this purpose, time series data has been collected for the period 2001-2018 from Food and Agricultural Organi...
Shou-Hong Zhang1*, Ying Zhang1, Kun-Ming Wen2, Wei Wu3 and Wen-Yan Li3
...lus biotinlated cationic nano-liposome composites (Bio-MB+Bio-CNLP) in bile duct-ligated (BDL) rats. In addition, we investigated the staging of hepatic fibrosis by using Perfusion-Weighted Imaging (PWI). We established a BDL rat model of hepatic fibrosis. HGF carrier was administered through tail-vein injections. The gene therapy efficacy was evaluated in vivo. Before and after treatment the rats were examined with MR-PWI. The perfusion parameters of P...
Beenish Zahid*1,2,7, Javed Iqbal Qazi2, Amir Zohaib2, Asim Aslam3, Raheela Akhter3, Haleema Sadia4, Qurat ul Ain5, Razia Sultana6, Irfan Irshad3 and Sobia Alyas7
...geal swabs of ducks (Anas Platyrhynchos domesticus) were collected from different villages of four tahsils of Sheikhupura during period (May to July 2017). NDV was isolated from field samples by inoculating the suspected samples into embryonated eggs of 9-11 days. Isolated virus was confirmed through haemagglutination and haemagglutinati...
NaseemZahra1,2,*, Nadia Jamil1, Sajid Rashid Ahmad1, Imran Kalim2, MuhammadKhalid Saeed2, Ijaz Ahmed2, Qurat-ul-ain Syed2 and Soniya Munir1
...otal of 80 samples were analyzed for Aflatoxin M1 using competitive ELISA kit method. Branded samples (n=40) were collected from different shops in Lahore city of Punjab Province while non-branded samples (n=40) collected from four selected towns of Lahore. Overall 58% and 100% of aflatoxin contamination in branded and non-branded milk samples were found, respectively. The quantities of AFM1 in 58% of branded milk samples an...
Jiaxin Guo1, Xiumei Zhang1,2, Xiaoyan Wang2, Liqin Liu2 and Tianxiang Gao1,*
... Zhejiang province of China. The availability of highly polymorphic markers was important to conduct the conservation of S. japonica. In this study, next-generation sequencing and de novo assembly were used for potential useful microsatellite markers obtaining of S. japonica. A total of 120 microsatellite markers were designed and tested, 25 primer pairs showed polymorphism among S. japonica individuals. Number of alleles, observed ...
Ahmed Zia1*, Iqtidar Hussain2, Sardar Azhar Mehmood2, Shabir Ahmad2, Muzaffar Shah3 and Abdul Rauf Bhatti1
...unexplored for insect fauna. Present study was carried out in to record richness, abundance and species complex of Odonata. It revealed four families, fifteen genera and twenty-six species. Among recorded fauna, family Libellulidae appeared to be a dominant group representing 19 species, followed by family Coenagrionid...
Asma Hassan*, Zuhair Hasnain, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz, Muhmmad Ansar, Muhmmad Rasheed, Ajaz Ahmad, Lubna Ayub Durani and Muhmmad Bilal Ali
..., control), mungbean (Vigna radiata)–wheat (MW), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)–wheat (SW), green manure–wheat (GW) and mungbean-chickpea (MC) (Cicer arietinum). In summer in 2010-11 the highest nitrogen (N) concentration was under MT with GW (5.5 mg kg-1), 2011-12 it was more in GW (6.13 mg kg-1) under MP. In winter from second year it was highest in MP with MC (8.4 mg kg-1). Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentration second year it was highe...
Muhammad Khuram Razzaq1,2*, Saeed Rauf1, Mohsin Khurshid3, Shahid Iqbal1,4, Javaid Akhter Bhat2, Ayaz Farzand5, Adeel Riaz1,6, Guangnan Xing2 and Junyi Gai2
... be exploited to discriminate resistant and susceptible genotypes under abiotic stresses. High heritability in the segregating generation warrants good selection response. Moreover, magnitude and type of genetic variation associated with pollen viability also important in improving the trait and breeding procedures to be adapted for the improvement of trait per se. Genetic studies results under heat stress in sunflower showed additive to partial domi
Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Imran Khan1, Muhammad Afzal1, Azhar Abbas Khan2, Syed Muhammad Ali Zahid1, Muhammad Saqib1, Asad Abdullah1, Saba Kousar1 and Maryam Riaz1
... in an integrated pest management program. In the present study, water stress was applied to field grown cotton with two Bacillus thuringiensis transgenes (CIM-602 and CIM-599) and one non-transgenic genotype (CIM-554) for the performance of H. armigera feeding The difference in leaf injury, relative consumption and growth rate of H. armigera was detected among experimental factors and their interactions. The leaf injury caused by H. armigera was higher (38.5 ...
Muhammad Shahzad Akbar*, Maria Aslam, Muhammad Rehan Khalid, Shahid Iqbal, Muhammad Luqman and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed
...ch as environment contamination. This laboratory study evaluated the toxicity of methanolic extracts of eight flowers i.e. Mexican marigold (Tagetes lucida), African marigold (Tegates erecta), tecoma (Tecoma stans), calendula (Calendula officinalis), basil (Ocimum basilicum), oxeye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare), lily (Lilium longiflorum) and chrysanthemum (Glebionis segetum) against the worker individuals of subterranean term...
Ahmad Ali1,2,* and Aleem Ahmed Khan1
...i> domesticus), myna (Acridotheres tristis), dove (Streptopelia senegalensis) and mice (Mus musculus). While the percentage use of quill, mice, dove, sparrow and myna has been calculated as 66.67%, 46.24%, 46.24%, 34.41% and 21.51%, respectively. Further it was observed that falcon trapping was a teamwork and each team used multiple techniques at the same time during capturing...
Sajida Sabahat1, Asif Nadeem1,*, Maryam Javed1, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor1, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Ghulam Yasein2 and Ghulam Abbas1
...ifferentiation and maintenance of different function in various and specific tissues. The liver is the primary source of IGF-1 and considered as candidate genes for growth because they play a significant role in development and growth regulation. IGF-1 control protein metabolism and is extremely conserved region amongst species. IGF-1 have not been studied before in camel. The DNA samples ...
Mo Chen1, Shad Mahfuz1, 2, Yan Cui1, Liying Jia1, Zhongjun Liu3 and Hui Song1, 4*
...d with mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) stembase (FVS). A total 150 hens of 30 wk old were grouped into 5 equal treatments with 5 replications of 6 hens each. Dietary treatments included basal diet as a control group; control diet including antibiotic (0.05% flavomycin) as an antibiotic group; 2% FVS fed group; 4% FVS fed group and 6%FVS fed group. The experimental duration was total 63 days, from 30 wk to 39 wk. Serum total antioxidant (T-AOC) was significantl...
Nosheen1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2* and Khalid Abbas1
...systems have been contaminated with a wide range of pollutants. Heavy metals are important contaminants of aquatic system and can cause oxidative stress in fish. Evaluation of antioxidant in fish can reveal metal toxicity in the water ecosystem. Therefore, this experiment was planned to assess the acute affect of lead (Pb+2) on peroxidase (POD) activity in tissues viz. liver, gills, kidney, muscle, heart and brain of fish Ca...
Abdul Razzaq1*, Muhammad Islam2, Zahra Islam3, Zahida Fatima1, Munib Hussain4 and Farmanullah5,6
...stify;">The gastrointestinal nematodes are common pathogens in grazing sheep/goats throughout the world which impairs productivity and leads to high economic losses. In most part of the world, drug resistance against anthelmintic is now very common. In this context, various alternative control programs including herbal use against these worms is also an important option. To explore the problem, three available synthetic anth...
Riaz Hussain Pasha1*, Muhammad Zubair Anjum2, Imran Ullah2, Muhammad Akram Khan3, Adnan Ali4, Saif-Ur-Rehman5, Sana Batool2 and Arslan Emmanuel2
...xt-align: justify;">Seasonal variation in the gonads of Clupisoma garua was studied from the river Indus and its tributaries in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Northern Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 48 fishes of both sexes (n= 12 per season; 9 female and 3 male) were collected in different seasons of 2016-17. Preparatory phase of reproductive cycle was observed in spring with having thick tunica albuginea and rapid spermatogenesis in ...
Aamir Saleem1, Arshad Mahmood Malik2*, Najam Ul Hassan1 and Imtiaz A. Qamar3
...ch Institute (RRI), National Agriculture Research Centre(NARC), Islamabad to evaluate the effect of Common Vetch (Vicia sativa L.) legume on growth and yield of Rye grass (Lolium multiflorium L). Data regarding the physical-chemical analysis of the soil (ph, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, organic matter and available phosphorus), crop parameter...
Muneer Abbas1*, Muhammad Ramzan1, Niaz Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Khalid Hussain1, Sohail Abbas2 and Ali Raza3
...versity studies of nocturnal insect population. Funnel shaped light traps were used in mungbean and gram crops throughout the year. Effects of light traps were assessed by daily night collections in relation with abiotic factors based on marginal cost benefit ratio. Results indicated that total 32415 insect’s captures were made with >26 insect species including 4 species of bio control agents. Helicoverpa armigera, ...
Muhammad Abdul Rahman1*, Abdul Saboor1, Gulnaz Hameed1, Ghulam Bilal2 and Farooq Tanwir3
... under climate change scenario. Expert Judgment approach is employed to identify and then rank most significant CEHFs that are related to emerging security hazards to dairy system. These CEHFs are then stitched with existing body of literature to consolidate our findings. Results comprised key CEHFs affecting occurrence of security hazards to dairy production in the scenario of changing climate. Experts ranked lack of geneti...
Mazhar Habib1, Aamir Saleem1, Arshad Mahmood Malik2*, Sarfraz Ahmed3 and Sameera Arshad4
Ahmed Zia*
...has been added to the Odonata fauna of Pakistan by reporting it from three mountainous spots in sub Himalayan hill tracts of Pakistan. It is a data deficient, potentially threatened species whose habitat and ecology was never known. To date, there is no information available for its male and immature stages. It is second species for the genus to be recorded from Pakistan. Distributional de...
Wajid Shah Yousafzai1, Irfan Ullah1*, Amjad Ali1, Mahmood Iqbal2 and Salman Khan1
... in Pakistan, therefore analyzing its potential remain major focus in various studies. Current study has been designed with main aim to estimate the allocative efficiency of onion production in District swat. Using multistage sampling technique cross sectional data was collected from 105 sample respondents in three villages (Aboha, Manyar and Parrai) of Tehsil Barikot, district Swat. Simple Linear Regression Model was employ...
Muhammad Azam Niazi1* and Umar Farooq2
...i rice. Supply response analysis was carried out to quantify the response of farmers to price and non-price factors. Most of the literature on supply response of crops in Pakistan has relied on the assumption that the data series used for analyses were stationary while most of time series are in fact trended. This makes the results of many earlier studies unreliable. This study uses the mo...
Hina Fatima1*, Abdul Jabbar2 and Khurram Nawaz3
...on, Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) was used. The major objectives of this survey were to identify factors of variation and effect of planting of wheat after BT and Non-BT-cotton varieties on wheat production. In this study, the average technical efficiency of wheat farms on collective level was around 0.76. The mean technical efficiency of wheat after Non-BT and BT-cotton was 0.78 and 0.74, respectively. The result of the study revealed that those farmers...
Arifa Khan1*, Shazia Erum2, Naveeda Riaz1, Abdul Ghafoor2 and Farhat Ali Khan3
...g quality traits at National Agriculture Research Center Islamabad, Pakistan during autumn 2016-2017. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were recorded on sprouting, plant height, number of tubers per plant, average tuber weight per plant, tuber shape, skin, flesh color, number of eyes per tuber, sensory evaluation and proximate analysis. Results showed significant...
Hala Rajab1, Muhammad Sayyar Khan1*, Safdar Hussain Shah1 and Syed Mehar Ali Shah2
...ble transformation of B. napus floral-dip and tissue culture based approaches were tested using different formulations of phytohormones for calli, shoots and roots induction in a variety of genotypes. While false positive lines were obtained in the result of floral-dip method, the tissue culture based method led to successful regeneration of shoots on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing BAP 3 mgL-1 and developed roots in ½ MS media supplemented wi...
Muhammad Naeem Khan* and Asad Jan
...tected. In quantitative analysis, among all the solvents, ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) had highest amount of phenol (27.4 mg/g), flavonoids (15.5 mg/g) and alkaloids (3.14 mg/g), while MCE displayed maximum amount of saponins (34.3 mg/g). In the proximate analysis, nitrogen freed extract was present in higher amount (38.45±0.83 %) followed by protein (30.26±0.72 %) while crude fibers were found least in amount ...
Jahangir Khan*, Syed Attaullah Shah, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai, Muhammad Fayaz, Shahid Ali, Abbas Ullah Jan and Ghaffar Ali
...hape, freshness and external defect. The data were analyzed using hedonic pricing model. Results show that Consumers have strong preferences for apple freshness, size, color and juiciness and their willingness to pay for these attributes are significantly greater than zero. On the basis of these findings the study recommends that apple growers should focus on best quality apple varieties and should maintain post harvest qual...
Jahangir Khan1*, Abbasullah Jan1, Kar Ho Lim2, Syed Attaullah Shah1*, Aditya R Khanal2 and Ghaffar Ali1
...Results from regression analysis showed that age of the household head and his awareness of pesticides use over fruits, household size and their total monthly income were significant determinants of their WTP. In addition, health concern and environment concern of pesticides use also influence the WTP. Findings from this study help in assessing the market potential for pesticides-free fruits in Pakistan ...
Saifullah* and Ihsan Mabood Qazi
...ical composition, functional properties and microstructure of fine wheat flour (FWF) and whole wheat flour (WWF) of the selected varieties. These varieties were collected from different research stations located in the province. The grains were milled using laboratory scale flour mill. Part of the flour of each variety was passed from mesh to remove the bran and get fine flour. Both whole and fine flour of the selected wheat varieties were subjected to qualita...
Tanveer Ahmad1*, Muhammad Mujtaba Rafiq1, Waqas Ahmed Dogar2, Abid Mahmood Alvi3, Qumer Iqbal4, Muhammad Azam5 and Arshad Ali Khan6
...stimated by correlation analysis. Results indicated that phosphorus application @ 150g plant-1 has improved various traits i.e. number of fruit bush-1 (4866.7), yield bush-1 (2.19 kg), single fruit weight (0.656 g), number of fruiting nodes (12.18) and number of sprouted shoots cane-1 (13.89). However, vegetative characters particularly leaf area showed negative correlation (-0.264) with the increased amount of phosphorus. Fruit diameter (p=0.993) and length ...
Muhammad Abdul Qayyum1*, Farhat Bashir2, Muhammad Mudassar Maqbool3, Anser Ali3, Saqib Bashir1 and Qaiser Abbas4
...eat for plants seed germination because it has highest concentration of soluble salts. This study aims to examine the effect of NaCl salt at 100 mM and 200 mM concentrations on linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) germination, plant growth, nutrients and soluble salts uptake. The results revealed that tested four linseed genotypes showed an overall germination rate of 86-94% at 100 mM NaCl (T2...
Raheel Saqib1*, Muhammad Luqman2, Iqbal Javed3, Abdur Rehman4, Muhammad Yaseen2, Saleem Ashraf5 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed2
...from 200 households and analyzed by using SPSS. Results highlighted that the situation of livelihood assets possessed by the respondents was not satisfactory. Majority of the households had limited human, financial, physical, social and natural capitals. In the scenario of climate change, households adopted diverse nat...
Umar Hayat1*, Shahid Ali1, Abdul Mateen2 and Hazrat Bilal2
...tan being an agrarian in nature is striving its best to fight against poverty, unemployment and unequal income distribution. Although, Agricultural growth is considered an important instrument for alleviation in poverty, but still its proper measurement is scarce in studies. To examine and analyze the nexus between agricultural growth and poverty in Pakistan, the present study has been organized. Data on key variables includ...
Sibgha Noreen*, Sumrina Faiz, Muhammad Salim Akhter, Kausar Hussain Shah
Fazle Akbar and Sahib Alam*
...erval, the samples were analyzed for the aforesaid parameters. The data showed that aw and storage time alone and interactively significantly (p<0.05) affected the analyzed parameters. The lowest total fungal counts (12.26×103 CFUs/g) were recorded in 0.85 aw sample at the start of storage, whereas the highest total viable counts i.e. 18.01×103 CFUs/g were documented at day 45 in the grain sample of 0.95 aw. T...
Shahid Ali1*, Farhan1, Murtaza1, Neelum Andaleeb2 and Amjad Ali1
...P) function was used to analyze the technical efficiency of wheat growers. The Maximum Likelihood estimates of the model-1 showed that seed quantity, urea, chemicals (Pesticides and weedicides), labor and tractor hours were statistically significant with the coefficients of -0.027, 0.090, 0.060, 0.223 and 0.056, respectively. The estimated results of SFP model-2 revealed that household’s education level was having negative and significant effect on techn...
Betül Ayça Dönmez, Sarbesh Das Dangol and Allah Bakhsh*
...rains harboring pBIN19 binary vector that further contains gusA gene, interrupted by an intronic sequence, under the control of 35S CaMV promoter. After transformation, we analyzed the transformation efficiencies of each of the Agrobacterium strains using the histochemical GUS analysis. The highest gusA gene transfer efficiency rate both for leaf (60%) and internode (100%) explants was obs...
Hanif Ullah1, Muhammad Inayat Ullah Khan2, Suleman3, Sawar Khan1,Salma Javed4, Abdul Qadeer1, Mohsin Nawaz1, Sardar Azhar Mehmood4
...er 2013). The data were analysed tehsils wise, month wise, gender wise, age wise and species wise. Thick and thin smear were prepared and examined under microscope. The data was statistically analysed in Microsoft excel. Out of 1750, 214 (12.2%) blood samples were found positive. The higher rate of infection was found under the age group of ten year (14.9%) and lowest rate of infection was found (9.30%) in the age group of 1...
Olufisayo Bamidele* and Safiriyu Idowu Ola
...ly induced with Salmon Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (sGnRHa). Forty multiparous rabbit does were randomly divided into four groups of ten does each in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The does in the control were naturally mated; the does in the other groups were at the moment of Artificial Insemination (AI) intramuscularly injected with ...
Muhammad Furqan Shahid1*, Tahir Yaqub1, Muhammad Yasin Tipu2, Asim Aslam2, Saima Yaqub1, Aziz-ul-Rahman3, Muzaffar Ali1
... which can bring exceptional abatement in trade of poultry products in endemic countries such as Pakistan. The current study was conducted to evaluate the infectious and antigenic potential of three different AIV (A/H9N2) variants isolated from commercial, backyard poultry and fancy birds (partridge). Commercial broiler birds were infected experimentally at the dose of 106 EID50 by using these three isolates. Results revealed that onset o...
Shaukat Ali1,*, Sadia Batool2, Fatima Javed Butt2, Sundas Nasreen1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1
...bsp;
...
Khaled Kaboudi*
...oultry workers. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the most of H9N2 viruses circulating in North Africa were among the G1-lineage group. The presence of mammalian and human genetic markers were reported in several H9N2 strains, indicating possible risk for public health. Control of LPAI H9N2 subtype infection is currently based on biosecurity and the implementation of vaccination in some countries. Regio
Muhammad Israr* and Noor Khan
...d for data collection. Binary Logistic regression analysis was conducted over the collected data-set to estimate a grower’s probability of adopting improved seed technology and quantify the role of FSC in adoption. Result confirms that membership in FSC was the most important determinant of improved wheat seed technology adoption. Head’s education level was the other important ...
Shwe Yee Win1, Lat Lat Htun1, Myint Myint Hmoon1, Hla Myet Chel1, Yu Nandi Thaw1, Nyein Chan Soe1, Htet Lin Oo3 and Saw Bawm2*
...currence of gastrointestinal parasites in village chickens from four Townships (Mawlamyine, Nyaung U, Zay Yar Thi Ri and Katha) of Myanmar from April to June 2019. A total of 200 faecal samples were randomly collected from village chickens. Centrifugal sugar floatation and sedimentation methods were carried out to detect the gastrointestinal parasites. The overall occurrence of gastrointestina...
Ankur Abrol, Madhumeet Singh, Akshay Sharma* and Pravesh Kumar
...ergency handled by veterinarians, is one of the important issues of dairy industry which lays a considerable impact on farmers economically. From a clinical frame of reference, the etiology of dystocia is either of maternal or fetal origin although the exact etiology is multifaceted. Uterine torsion is considered as one of major contributors among the maternal causes. This condition exerts...
Fizza Anwar1, Muddassar Zafar1*, Zahid Anwar1, Raja Tahir Mehmood2
...tes included Aflatrem, Monacolin K, Fusarubin and Tautomycetin. Different fermentation parameters were optimized to produce antimicrobial agents using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and best results were obtained at 45°C temperature, 5.5 pH, 5 mL inoculum concentration, 1.5 mL banana peel as substrate and 20 days incubation time. The antimicrobial activity of secondary m...
Tanzeela Riaz, Fiza Sana-Ullah Khan, Farah Rauf Shakoori
...production.
...
Muhammad Ramzan1*, Muhammad Nadeem1, Masood Maqbool1, Ghulam Murtaza2
Nadia Saeed1, Mian Sayed Khan2, Habib Ahmad3, Muzafar Shah4*
...luding Aphelenchus avenae, Tylenchus species, Pratylenchus species, Psilenchus species, Meloidogyne species and Trichodorus species. Carbofuran (inorganic) and poultry manure (organic) in recommended amounts were used for management and results showed that both were effective against phytonematodes. Value of P for the effect of Carbofuran in Mansehra and Abbottabad was 0.0001 and 0.0001 whe...
Ali Mujtaba Shah1,2,3, Ali Raza Shah3, Muhammad Farooque Hassan2, Muhammad Yousif2, Zhisheng Wang1*
...t is recommended that neonates must ingest colostrum to develop passive immunity. Regardless of placental structure and transfer of immunity in utero, ingestion of colostrum after birth also confers additional protection by binding to intestinal receptors which could otherwise be bound by bacteria. Moreover, the adequate colostrum reduces neonatal mortal...
Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Palwasha Jabeen, Chand Raza, Shaukat Ali
...due to its biocompatible nature. Silk proteins have been found to possess antibacterial properties and application in culturing tissues including skin, bone, cartilage and nerves. Sericin has been hailed to have antitumor activity and has also been widely used in different cosmetics. The major hindrance in using spider silk for different purposes is due to its small obtainable amount. Efforts are being made to overcome this ...
Hafiza Sadaf Zahra1, Asia Iqbal2, Sayyeda Hira Hassan1, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1*, Muhammad Khan1*, Muhammad Irfan3, Chaman Ara1, Shaukat Ali4
...nds inhibits transcriptional activity by methyltransferase enzyme which results in inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (TSG), while in hypomethylation, demethyltransferase enzyme causes the activation of oncogenes by promoting transcriptional activity. Contrary to DNA methylation, histone acetylation and deacetylati...
Mehwish Faheem1*, Maleeha Rafeeq1, Aisha Majeed1 and Saba Khaliq2
Haq Aman Ullah1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Ijaz2, Aqeel Javeed3, Muqadder Shah1 and Ikramul Haq1
...1, respectively, through naturally contaminated cotton seed cake for a 10 days period. Milk samples were tested for aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), somatic cell count (SCC) and total viable count (TVC). Blood samples were analyzed for aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. Aflatoxin ...
Abu ul Hassan Faiz1,*, Fakhar-i-Abbas2, Mehboob ul Hassan3 and Lariab Zahra Faiz1
...tudy sites. The habitat analysis of study sites and correlation of species with habitat were done through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) by using software (XLSTAT-Ecology version). The habitat was positively correlated in the two areas while the study site Harighel fields was negatively correlated. It was also found that most species except for a few were positively correlated with habitat. The infestation of pest starts...
Muhammad Shoaib1,3*, Arif Ismiyev2,Khudaverdi Ganbarov3, Aygun Israyilova3 and Sajid Umar4
...obial resistance, functionally substituted alicyclic compounds are envisioned as probable antimicrobial agents of future. From screening of in house library of compounds, here we report the antimicrobial properties of three novel functionally substituted monocyclic and spirocyclic cyclohexane derivatives involving ethyl-3 (allylamino)-9,9-dimethyl- 7,11-dioxo-1,5-diphenylspiro[5.5]undec-2-en-2-carboxylate (I), ethyl-4,6-diph...
Shahid Sherzada1,2,4,*, Muhammad Naeem Khan4, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Muhammad Idrees3, Abdul Wajid2, Muhammad Nauman Sharif3, Muhammad Shahzad Iqbal3, Iram Amin3 and Muhammad Shahid3
Syed Maaz Nadeem1*, Muti ur Rehman Khan1, Asim Aslam1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1, Arfan Ahmad1* and Muhammad Anees2
...e diagnosis and precautionary measures for Chicken Anemia Virus (CAV) requires continuous surveillance of disease and understanding of local field CAV strains. The CAVs have been reported previously both in broiler chicken and layer birds in Pakistan; however, their molecular characterization is largely inadequate and requires continuous evaluation. In this study, sequencing and molecular ana<...
Chaman Ara1*, Asmatullah1, Sehrish Kanwa1, Asma Chaudhary2, Ayesha Siddiqua1
...respiratory and genitourinary infections. Keeping in view the controversy about its toxicity, current study was conducted to assess the levofloxacin induced hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and its likely noxious effects on spermatogenesis in mammals. Forty mice, randomly categorized into four groups (N=10) were administered orally with different concentrations of levofloxacin (0.00, 9.37, 18.75 and 37.50µg/g BW of mice) for 30 days consecutively. Mice wer...
Chaman Ara1*, Asmatullah1, Zainab Riaz1, Memoona1, Asma Chaudhary2, Shagufta Andleeb2
...level of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and a significant increase in bilirubin levels in BP group. Significant raised patterns were recorded for urea and creatinine in BP intoxicated mice against control. Histological defects observed were necrosis, pyknosis, increased sinosuidal spaces, portal hypertension, glomerulosclerosis, abnormal vascular pole in liver and kidney ...
Peng Chen1,2, Zuhao Huang3,Chaoying Zhu1, Yuqing Han1, Zhifeng Xu1,
Guanglong Sun1, Zhen Zhang1, Dongqin Zhao4, Gang Ge1 and Luzhang Ruan1*
...>) of Porzana paykullii, Rallus aquaticus and Gallirallus striatus in Gruiformes, and Hydrophasianus chirurgus in Charadriiformes, after which we analysed and compared structure, phylogeny, and taxonomic origin of the Gruiformes and Charadriiformes. Based on sequencing, splicing, and annotating the mtDNA of four bir...
Mahnoor Pervez and Farkhanda Manzoor*
...e liquid chromatography analysis. Pollen and nectar were collected from 2016 to 2017 from different agricultural areas of Pakistan during a field survey. Pollen was collected by installing traps and nectar was collected through capillary method allied with centrifugation. The HPLC technique was used for fast and simple detection of pesticide residues of commonly used pesticides (imidacloprid, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos, fipronil, thiamethoxam, carbaryl, profen...
Turab Ali Kaurajo1*, Huma Rizwana1, Gulbahar Khaskheli2, Muhammad Haroon Baloch1, Muhammad Naeem Rajput1, Asad Ali Khaskheli3 and Mohsin Solangi1
... study was conducted to analyze the management practices and economic importance of the camels at district Khairpur Mir’s, Sindh during the year of 2017. A total of sixty camel herders were selected during the survey and interviewed using comprehensive Questionnaire. Survey indicated that the Sakrai breed is prominent in number followed by Dhatti, Larri/Sindhi. Camel herders were alm...
Imran1*, Amanullah1, Muhammad Arif1, Zahir Shah2 and Abdul Bari3
...ddition to better crop management is a way toward narrowing the yield gap and ensuring food security. The present study was carried out to investigate the impact of peach (Prunus persica L.) residues and soil application of Trichoderma (soft-rot fungi) along with seed inoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) (Pseudomonas) and phosphorus (P) on weeds frequency, and biomass at va...
Sana Munir1, Muhammad Kamran Qureshi1*, Ahmad Naeem Shahzad2, Ismat Nawaz3, Muhammad Shahzad Anjam4, Sumaira Rasul4 and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar5
...ng various multivariate analysis such as principle component analysis and linkage cluster analysis. Principle component analysis (PCA) exhibited that first four PC out of nineteen PC, with eigen value >1, contributed about 80.326 % of total variability. Positive contribution towards PC1 was given by seed traits such as lint/seed, seed weight/seed, bol...
Javeria Zafar1, Asif Nadeem1*, Maryam Javed1, Fehmeeda Fatima1, Wasim Shehzad1, Ghulam Abbas1, Rajput Zahid Iqbal2 and Muhammad Muddassir Ali1
...lected from Kirthar National Park, Sindh, Pakistan. PCR product was sequenced bi-directionally using dideoxy chain termination method after mitochondrial ATPase8/6 genes amplification. Polymorphism, Genetic diversity and Phylogenetic analysis were carried out by the MUSCLE, DnaSP and MEGA6 tools. Total of 20 var...
Qaisar Jamal*, Akram Shah, Syed Basit Rasheed and Muhammad Adnan
...ay 4, 5 and 6. The stationary phase was observed on day 7. The day following inoculation, most of the promastigotes were nectomonads having long and slender bodies with roughly uniform width from anterior to near posterior end, having as long flagella as one and a half to twice the body. The nectomonads changed to leptomonads with a ratio of 5% and 44% o...
Aftab Shaukat1,2,*, Tauseef ur Rehman3, Rizwan Shukat4, Shahid Ali Rajput5,
Shadab Shaukat6, Muhammad Ahsan Naeem2,5,8, Mubashar Hassan2,5, Tabassam Fatima2,5,
Fayyaz Ahmad1, Muhammad Usman Saleem7, Fatima Arooj1, Ashar Mehfooz2 and Anas Sarwar Qureshi2
... Exposed does were mated naturally and bucks were inducted to the exposed does for 30 minutes at morning and evening daily for teasing purpose to identify does in estrus, while separate them for breeding with enlisted buck. Mean values of Fertility rate and kidding rate in T1 and T2 were 75% vs 85% and 150% vs 176 % (p<0.01) showing significantly higher rate is in T2 group. The birth weight and weaning weight of the kids in ...
Barkat Ali1,2, Wasim Sajjad1,2,3, Imran Khan1, Muhammad Rafiq1, Sahib Zada1, Aamer Ali Shah1 and Fariha Hasan1,*
.../b> sequence analysis. Antibacterial activity of the isolates was checked against ATCC strains E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Seven different types of antibiotic discs were used to check the intrinsic resistance of all the isolates to various antibiotics. Interestingly, most of the isolates were found resistant while only a few were susceptible, howev...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2*,Mujahid Manzoor1, Zubair Aslam3 and Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad1, 2
... suitable tool for the management of insecticide resistance and control of R. ferruginous.
...
Iffat Nawaz1*, Farhatullah1, Fida Muhammad1, Sajid Ali2 and Ghulam Muhammad Ali3
...s done according to International Board of Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR) descriptors. Significant variation was observed for seed color, seed shape and seed coat pattern. Twenty-nine different colours of common beans were observed in these 96 accessions with pre-dominance of red colour. Four different seed shapes were observed i.e., Cuboid, oval, truncate fastigiated and kidney shape. Cu...
Arjumand Nizami1, Jawad Ali2 and Muhammad Zulfiqar3
... 1981-2010 and future scenario 2010-2040 for KP noted little shifts in the annual average rainfall. However seasonal shifts are rather significant. In all the districts, spring and summer rains are showing an increasing trend whereas fall and winter rains are continuously declining. This shows that spring and summer are becoming wetter and fall and winter are becoming dryer till 2040. Nearly two-third or more of the total ra...
Syeda Naila, Muhammad Ibrar, Fazal Hadi* and Muhammad Nauman Khan
...(Family Oxalidaceae) to analyze its morphological and pharmacognostic features. The results revealed that it leaves are compound, perennial and summer deciduous with upper epidermis followed by mesophyll region with vascular bundle and the lower epidermis. The leaf features showed that palisade ratio was (7.35), vein islets number (9), and vein termination number (9.1), stomata number (47) and stomatal index were (42.72). Tr...
Fariha Latif1*, Muhammad Javed2, Hammad Ahmad Khan2 and Khalil-Ur-Rehman3
...es and brain of Cirrhina mrigala. The 120-days old fish were exposed to 1/4th (11.81mgL-1) and 2/3rd (31.49mgL-1) of 96-h LC50 of water-borne Pb for three fortnights (42 days) in glass aquaria at pH 7.5, temperature 30°C and total hardness 250mgL-1. After each fortnight, fish were sampled from each treatment and different organs such as liver, kidney, gills muscles and brain were take...
Sanaullah1, Fazli Rabbi2*, Shahid Ali2, Zeeshan Khan3 and Muhammad Zamin4
...ly affected. As public financial resources for the development of the area have been meagre in the past, therefore, this study is aimed to estimate tourists’ Willingness to Pay (WTP) for development and biodiversity conservation. A well-structured interview schedule was used and face to face interviews were conducted with a total of 264 tourists. Travel Cost Method (TCM) and poisson regression techniques were used for data ana
Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,2, Abdul Majid Khan2*, Ayesha Iqbal2, Amtur Rafeh2, Muhammad Tahir Waseem2 and Muhammad Ameen2
...report on occurrence of enamel hypoplasia in extinct tragulids. The dental defect, enamel hypoplasia is caused by suppressed function of enamel forming cells called ameloblasts. It is used as a reliable stress marker in different extinct mammalian taxa to trace out the level of ecological stress faced by these animals during their life histories. We have studied this defect in three extinc...
Ghulam Hussain1, Muhammad Asrar1, Dilbar Hussain2, Khurum Zia3, Abdul Rashid4*, Hina Anwar5, Muhammad Azeem1, Saddam Hussain1 and Sabeen Asghar1
Qamar Zeb1*, Silvia I. Rondon2, Hayat Badshah,1 and Arsalan Khan1
...ivar on aphids and their natural enemies in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Thus, twenty Pakistani wheat cultivars were grown at the Agricultural Research Institute in Tarnab-Peshawar, Pakistan during the winter (‘rabi’ in local language) season. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates per treatment/cultivar. Population of aphids, and numbers of parasitoids and ...
Zübeyde Kumbıçak1,* and Hatice Poyraz2
... describe a chromosomal analysis of Drassodes bifidus and Drassodes serratichelis using a classical Giemsa staining method. We collected specimens from different populations in Nevşehir and used totally fourteen male spiders. The two Drassodes species had karyotypes comprising 10 pairs of autosomes plus sex chromosomes which were X1X20 (♂) type. All chromosomes including sex chromosomes were telocentric and relativ...
Sumaira Abbas1, Muhammad Sultan Haider2,*, Fatima Kafayet1, Sana Ashraf2, Atifa Masood3 and Moazma Batool4
...t was an endeavor to use natural carotenoid sources to enhance skin color of gold fish Carassius auratus. Citrus peels were collected from local market dried and grinded. Organic solvent extraction was carried out by hexane and acetone mixture (1:1 v/v). Carotenoid concentration was determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and found satisfactory. By mixing fish meal, sunflower meal and rice polish four treatment diets, T1, T2,...
Tanweer Kumar1, Sahib Zada2,3,Muhammad Irfan4,*, Huma Batool5 and Wasim Sajjad2,6
Saman Muhsin Abdulkareem* and Nadir Mustafa Nanakali
...removed for biochemical analysis including the level of oxidative stress biomarkers, liver enzymes, and the expression of CYP1A1 gene. The results of this study indicated that exposure to TCDD (10µg/kg/day) could significantly increase liver oxidative stress biomarkers and serum liver enzymes (p<0.05). While, pre and post treatment of QCT (20 mg/kg/day) had protective effects on hepatotoxicity induced by TCDD and could significantly decrease th...
Zekeriya Demir1 and Hatice Kaya2*
...ed linear increases in final body weight and body weight changes calculated from initial and final body weights at the end of the trial. The supplementation of bee pollen into layer diet linearly decreased feed intake and linearly increased feed conversion ratio. The inclusion bee pollen at different levels affected the egg weight (quadratic), yolk index (linear), Haugh unit and albumen index (cubically). On the other hand, ...
Urooba Pervaiz1*, Madeeha Iqbal1 and Dawood Jan2
...u and Kashmir (AJK) was analyzed in the present study. Multistage Sampling technique was used to select the required sample, 80 farmers were randomly selected from five villages and data were collected through interview schedule. It was found that majority farmers were literate up to middle; young farmers showed more positive attitude towards extension recommendations, 93% farmers knew extension workers both by name and face...
Rahat Naz*, Mussawar Shah, Asad Ullah, Intikhab Alam and Younas Khan
...f 10142 through proportional allocation method. The conceptual framework comprised of two study variables i.e “agriculture production” and “climate change effects on human life”. To established association between the study variables the perception of climate change effect on human life was indexed and cross tabulated with local response to agricultural production at bi-variate level, using chi-square test statistics. The study found th...
Waseem Abbas1, Shakeel-ur-Rehman2, Abdul Rashid2, Muhammad Kamran3, Muhammad Atiq2 and Muhammad Ehetisham ul Haq3*
...gigantea, Zingiber officinale, Allium cepa and Azadirachta indica were evaluated at 3 % concentration against eggs hatchability and adult emergence of the whitefly in lab condition. Two consecutive sprays were applied to assess the relative impact of different plant extracts against adult whitefly population and the disease incidence of cotton leaf curl virus disease in filed conditions. Azadirachta indica was found most effective to inhibit the egg hatchabili...
Hassnain1, Abdul Basit1*, Mehboob Alam1, Imran Ahmad1, Izhar Ullah1, Noor Alam2, Inayat Ullah3, Muhammad Areeb Khalid1, Muhammad Shair4 and Noor ul Ain1
...er stress condition at Ornamental Nursery, Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan, during 2018, using Completely Randomize Design (CRD) with two factors and repeated three times in a control (Glass house) environment. Different concentrations of chitosan (0, 50, 100,150 mg L-1) and various water stress intervals (3, 6, 9 and 12 days) were given to tomato plants from 15 days after transplantation. Results showed that variou...
Awais Bin Shahid1, Moolchand Malhi1,*, Saeed Ahmed Soomro1, Muhammad Giasuddin Shah2, Nazeer Hussain Kalhoro3, Asmatullah Kaka4, Rajoo Mal1, Muhammad Awais Soomro1, Saba Parveen Samo1 and Muhammad Nawaz Sanjrani5
...entrations of propionate and the total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) increased (P < 0. 005) and the pH decreased (P < 0.05) in the ruminal fluid of SY goats compared to C. The morphometry showed that the length, width and the density of papillae in the atrium ruminis, ventral rumen and ventral blind sac of rumen increased (P < ...
Khursheed Ahmed, Shoaib Freed*, Rana Fartab Shoukat and Kanwar Waqas Ahmad
...es of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Isaria fumosorosea and six synthetic insecticides i.e., triazophos, imidacloprid, bifenthrin, nitenpyram, pyreproxifin and lambda cyhalothrin against O. hyalinipennis. The efficacy of these microbial agents could be enhanced by applying in combination with insecticides. Five concentrations i.e., 1×106, 1×10
Nazir Ahmad Khan1,*, Mudassir Alam1, Rafiullah khan1, Kamran Khan2 and Sadeeq ur Rahman3
...ct of replacing conventional maize (CM) with QPM in broiler feed on bird’s performance, diet digestibility, nitrogen retention, meat amino acids profile and farm profitability. Grains of QPM200 and QPM300 hybrids, approved by Pakistan maize variety evaluation committee in January 2017, were provided by International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Pakistan. The content o...
Hazrat Ali1,2,*, Ezzat Khan1,* and Muhammad Jamal Nasir3
...e city of Peshawar, and analyzed for the selected heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Heavy metal accumulation was studied in muscles of six fish species collected from the river. Heavy metal accumulation was also studied in other tissues such as skin, gills, liver and kidneys of two fish species i.e., Clupisoma naziri and Mastacembelus armatus. Cr concentrations in fish muscles ranged f...
Ammara Blouch1, Ata ul Mohsin2, Muhammad Naeem2 and Rashid Mahmood1*
...cides are important alternates for chemical control of economically damaging insect pests like leaf worm, Spodoptera litura Fabricius. In this study, two commercial products including Dipel with Bt sub speciess kurstaki and Turex with Bt sub speciess kurstaki and aizawai were tested against three early larval instars of S. litura under laboratory conditions using leaf dip method. Mortality was recorded af...
Chiping Kong1,2, Yongheng Wu1,2, Shangling Lou1, Benping Chen3, Simon D. Dowell4 and Yiqiang Fu1*
...hla from Laojunshan National Nature Reserve during the breeding season of 2016, in southern Sichuan, China. We used three methods to compare the acoustic difference among and within individuals. The results demonstrated that male Emei Shan Liocichlas had individually distinct songs and can be used to identify individuals. We also found that 4 to 5 songs were relatively certain of an individual identity. Our findings indicate...
Awais Ahmed Khan1*, Zafar Iqbal1 and Muhammad Atiq2
...designed to develop alternative methods to synthetic fungicides, currently used to control green mold of citrus caused by the Penicillium digitatum. Antifungal activities of organic elicitors were evaluated and all the elicitors expressed significant results. Salicylic acid was the most effective to control the disease and showed minimum mycelial growth diameter (35mm) followed by benzoic acid (44mm), jasmonic acid (45.5), and ascorbic acid (50mm) as compared ...
Shazia Akhtar1, Abdul Samad1*, Afshan Gohar1, Muhammad Munir Shahid2, Muhammad Ishtiaq1, Arslan Sarwer1, Adnan Khan1 and Karam Ahad1
... semi-structured questionnaire survey consisting of 40 sub questions was evaluated by interviewing the peach growers in Swat, Malakand. The current survey described the knowledge, behavior, agricultural practices and pesticides toxicity symptoms among the field workers. Over all 72 orchards from 26 Union Councils were covered. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 21 and sample collection points were presented on map by using soft...
Noorullah Khan1*, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Fayaz Ahmad1, Sabaz Ali Khan2, Imtiaz Ahmed1, Muhammad Abbas Khan1, Shamsul Islam1, Abdul Waheed1, Basharat Hussain Shah1 and Hussain Shah3
...f 5000 ppm. Correlation analysis revealed that SSR % and growth of kiwi seedlings are strongly associated with NFARP as we found strong correlation (P<0.001) among NFARP, SSR% and plant height. In addition, the main root length also showed moderate correlation (P<0.05) with plant height but it was not correlated with SSR%. Based on this finding, it is concluded that IBA concentration of 3000 ppm is optimum for better seedlings growth and evaluation of se...
Huanxin Zhang1,2, Hongshuo Tang3, Jun Chen1, Yu Zang1,2, Xuexi Tang1,2,* and Ying Wang1,2,*
...nivores.
...
Mubasher Ahmad Malik1, Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad2, Muhammad Jalal Arif1 and Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,*
...ire need to explore alternative control measures which are safer to the environment and compatible with human health. The present study was conducted to investigate the insecticidal properties of native isolated Plutella xylostella granulovirus (PxGV) and Azadirachta indica (AZA) on mortality and development of P. xylostella under laboratory conditions. Both AZA and PxGV were applied alone and in integra...
Honghua Wang1,2, Summia Perveen1,2, Shucheng Shao1,2, Kun Wang1,2 and Fei Yin1,2,*
Detection and Phylogeny of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) during Field Outbreaks in Broilers
Umm-i-Habiba1,*, Ayesha Maqbool2, Muhammad Safdar3, Nida Zia1, Altaf Mehmood4, Muhammad Usman5, Mehwish Sharif6, Amanullah Khan7 and Sajid Umar8
...y clinicopathologic examination and PCR. A total of 6 isolates of IBDV from these outbreaks were genetically characterized based on hyper-variable region of the VP2 gene. IBDV strains were grouped into two distinct clusters on the basis of nucleotide sequences of hyper-variable region of the VP2 gene. According to phylogenetic analysis, 5 IBDV strains showed characteristic amino acid signa...
Bibi Nazia Murtaza1, Mazhar Saeed Chaudry2, Shamaila Inayat Nadeem1, Muhammad Shahid Nadeem3 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori4,*
...Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) mediated or Ras/PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR is one of the major effector pathways in the pathogenesis of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). Binding of growth factors/ mitogen/cytokine or interleukin to EGFR leads to Ras induced RAF-MAPK cascade activation. PTEN protein is involved in the negative regulation of PI3K pathway. Mutations in upstream kinases, growth factor receptors or intrinsic members ...
Asim Munawar1,2*, Farooq Ahmad1, Aqsa Arshad1, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi3 and Chengjuan Liang4
...dities worldwide. Unfortunately, due to multiple applications of synthetic pyrethroids and fumigants some major pests of stored grains has develops resistance against them. Resistance mechanisms in R. dominica and T. castaneum against these control agents at different geographical locations was largely unknown. To overcome this gap our research was undertaken to evaluate the resistance mechanism in lab and field collected strains of R. dominica and T. castaneu...
Kadry A. El-Bakry1, Lamiaa E.M. Deef1*, Lotfy Z. Habbak1 and Samia S. El-Naeli2
...n (PAT)-induced hepato-renal toxicity in male rats. Rats were intraperitoneally (i.p) injected with PAT in a single dose (3.75mg/kg body weight). Rats were treated with ginger in a dose (100 mg/kg-1 body weight) for 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Blood samples for biochemical analysis and liver tissues were collected and fixed in 10% formalin for histopathological studies. The present study showed that, PAT causes elevated alanine ami...
Muhammad Muneeb1, Muhammad Ayub1, Sher Bahadar Khan2,*, Amjad Sohail1, Farkhanda Jabeen1, Mumtaz Ali Khan3, Amjad Khan4, Kashif Prince3, Asghar Khan5 and Irshad Ahmad6
...%) were maximally contaminated with Salmonella on MacConkey Agar and minimum were recorded in Tehkal Region (0%). On same Agar high percentage for Escherichia coli was observed in samples from Hashtnagri (40%) and on tryptose agar results were quite high for Salmonella as compared to E. coli. In physiochemical analysis high pH was observed in samples taken from ...
Erum Iqbal*, Nasir Mehmood, Nasira Kazi and Shahina Fayyaz
...ncountered. Soil sample analysis revealed two and a known plant parasitic nematode species viz., Paratylenchus manilkarii n. sp., P. sindhicus n. sp.,and Pratylenchus kralli Ryss, 1982 as a new record species. P. manilkarii n. sp., is characterized by the lateral field with four incisures; stylet 28-29 µm long; vulval lips protruding with vulval flap; lip region rounded or truncated without submedian lobes, tail ventrally curv...
Romaan Hayat Khattak1,3, Hussain Ali1, Ejaz Ur Rehman1 and
Muhammad Ali Nawaz1, 2*
...ting operates on a sustainable use approach, as limited animals are harvested to generate economic revenues for poor mountain communities, which in turn protects the entire population and associated ecosystem from illegal massive hunting. The present study successfully tested CMR method, and produced reliable and accurate estimate of the population, which could help in determining sustainable trophy quota.
...
Umer Iqbal1,* and Tariq Mukhtar2
... to control Macrophomina phaseolina in Pakistan. Therefore, in the present study, nine fungicides belonging to different groups were evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo effectiveness against M. phaseolina. Highly significant inhibitory effects of fungicides were recorded on the growth of M. phaseolina. All the fung...
Hafrijal Syandri1*, Ainul Mardiah2, Azrita3 and Netti Aryani4
...ecies is freshwater fish native in Indonesia and has a high price in the markets. This study investigated the effect of stocking density on growth performance, body carcass composition and biometric indices of juvenile gurami sago in the synthetic sheet pond. Fish were stocked at densities of 10, 15 and 20 fish/m3 in synthetic sheet pond with three replicate. Fish were fed with commercial feed containing 29% crude protein and gross energy of 3,340....
Sajida Rasool1, Saba Irshad1*, Neelam Saba1, Mehak Fiaz1, Muhammad Sajid Hussain2, MuhammadWajid Hussain3 and Peter Nürnberg2
...es. Genome wide linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous nonsense mutation (c.204T>G) in BICD2 gene which was predicted to yield a truncated protein product (p. Glu68*). This is first nonsense mutation being reported causing HSP with complex clinical features and early onset. Further, functional exploration will be required for genotype phenotype correlation.
...
Mustafa Koyun1*and Şenol Çelik2
... the minimum, the determination coefficient (R2) and Adj R2 values were maximum. In order to estimate the parasitic distribution of the host fish according to the total weight, the two different MARS (Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines) model R2 values respectively; 0.973 and 0.989; Adj. R2 values were 0.967 and 0.985, RMSE values were 20.823 and 13.598, and AIC values 329.777 and 284.570 were found.
...
Muhammad Sohail1*, Imtiaz Hussain2, Maqsood Qamar2, Sikander Khan Tanveer2, Syed Haider Abbas2, Zeshan Ali1 and Muhammad Imtiaz3
...ved wheat variety in the name of Zincol-2016), Galaxy and NARC-2011 maintained low crop canopy temperature during grain filling period showed lower spike sterility and produced higher grain yields. The genotypes with higher canopy temperature during grain filling period showed higher spike sterility which is linked to lower grain yield. The wheat genotypes identified with better climatic a...
Muhammad Akbar Ali Shah1, Gamze Özel2, Christophe Chesneau3, Muhammad Mohsin4, Farrukh Jamal5* and Muhammad Faheem Bhatti6
...s to discover the determinants of the rice production of Pakistan to improve the production and fulfill the increasing demand. The study conducted in district Lodhran (Punjab province) and 31 villages selected as samples randomly. Time series data collected from Crop Reporting Service (CRS) for the period of last 10 years (2005-2014) containing 516 cases and 14,964 observations. Two different multiple linear regression (MLR) models are applied to study the rel...
Ghulam Murtaza1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Fakhar Mujeeb2, Sher Muhammad3, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Ayesha Zafar1
...g 4 replications; T1 = canal water, T2 = saline water having EC value 2 dS m-1, T3 = saline water having EC value 3 dS m-1, T4 = T1 + organic matter @ 5 Mg ha-1, T5 = T2 + organic matter @ 5 Mg ha-1, T6 = T3 + organic matter @ 5 Mg ha-1, T7 = T1 + organic matter @ 10 Mg ha-1, T8 = T2 + organic matter @ 10 Mg ha-1 and T9 = T3 + organic matter @ 10 Mg ha-1. The experiment was laid according to randomized complete block design (RCBD). Sorghum cultivar “Hega...
Muhammad Sohail Memon1*, Khadim Ullah1, Altaf Ali Siyal1,2, Naimatullah Leghari1, Ahmed Ali Tagar1, Khalil Ahmed Ibupoto1, Syed Tahir Ata-ul-karim3, Muhammad Tahir4 and Noreena Memon1
... depth desired depth to analysis the Physical chemical properties before and after the trial. Irrigation water was measured through cutthroat flume at each irrigation interval and the total water consumed by ridge ground was 500 mm. The solute transport and soil water content in the root zone was also simulated by HYDRUS-2D. The results reveal that the salts moved upward to the top (upper layers) and concentrated at the center of the ridge for treatments T2 an...
Basharat Hussain Shah*, Farrukh Siyar Hamid, Shams ul Islam, Naveed Ahmed, Fayaz Ahmad, Noorullah Khan and Qamar uz Zaman.
...ourteen elite rice lines namely Line-21, Line-25, Line-28, Line-31, Line-37, Line-46, Line-48, Line-50, Line-64, Line-73, Line-80, Line-128, Line-130 and Line-140 developed in the background of Basmati-385 by Department of Genetics, Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan were evaluated along with check variety Swat-1 for yield and yield components. Experiment was conducted at National Tea and High Value Crops Research Institute...
Qaisar Mehmood1*, Maqbool Hussain Sial1, Saira Sharif1, Abid Hussain2, Muhammad Riaz3 and Nargis Shaheen4
...ries play a key role for national income and a source of food in Pakistan. Therefore, forecasting the production of fish is important for better production and for planning of fish export. Objective of this research is to propose suitable Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model for forecasting the production of fisheries, using Box-Jenkins’s (1976) methodology. Secondary data, “50 years of Pakistan...
Saleha Ashfaq1, Manzoor Hussain1, Nazish Bibi2, Jan Alam1, Muhammad Junaid2 and Sabi-Ur-Rehman3*
... gilesii (Hemsl.) C.C. a narrow endemic plants of northern areas of Pakistan. The antimicrobial potential of H. gilesii extracts in different solvents was assessed using agar well diffusion method against bacterial and fungal strains, while cytotoxic activity was studied in the methanolic extract using brine shrimp’s lethality assay. All the extracts showed significant biological activity against Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria and selected fungal ...
Muhammad Asim1*, Asghari Bano2, Sikander Khan Tanveer3 and Muhammad Umair Aslam4
...environmental and crop management factors. In this study, we elaborated the role of these factors, in rainfed agro-ecology, using data of six genotypes, grown in four sowing windows over six years. The rainfed wheat productivity is predominantly determined by environmental conditions, particularly rainfall induced moisture availability. Hence, the best match between sowing time and the environment prevailed at that time emer...
Nihat Tekel1, Ilkay Baritci1, Halit Deniz Sireli1, Muhittin Tutkun1, Ecevit Eyduran2 and Mohammad Masood Tariq3,*
...were 4.79. The average final live weight, cold carcass weight, dressing percentage, leg ratio, foreleg ratio, tail ratio and cooling loss of lambs were found as 33.62±0.968 kg, 14.91±0.627 kg, 44.67±0.008%, 33.76±0.326%, 18.94±0.468%, 4.98±0.467% and 4.99±0.135%, respectively. In conclusion, the present results indicated that daily live weight gain, feed efficiency and valuable carcass fractions of Awassi x (Rom...
Sameh S. Tawfik, Ahmed A. Elkady* and Ehab T. Mohamed
...induced alleviation in renal catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (PGx) activities and reduced-glutathione (GSH) content and significantly limited the elevation in serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels when compared to irradiated rat group. The histopathological-findings of renal tissues in the irradiated-group, showed nephrotoxicity; the re
Naglaa M. Hagag1*, Mervat E. Hamdy1, Mary A. Sargious1, Sara M. Elnomrosy1, Nahed A. Ahmed1, Ayman A. Hamed1, Ahmed R. Habashi1, Essam I. Ibrahiem1, Mahmoud A. Abdel-Hakim2 and Momtaz A. Shahein1
... detected. Phylogenetic analysis of the study sequences indicates that the circulating FMDV serotype SAT2 viruses were homogeneous and related to Topotype VII. Importantly, the newly emerged viruses were closely related to strains isolated from Libya in 2012 (Topotype VII, lineage 3), with 92–93% amino acid identity, and were clearly separated from SAT2/GVII/Gharbia/Egy/2012 and SAT2/GVII/Alex/Egy/2012 (Topotype VII, lineage 2), indicating a new introduc...
Nurlybay Kazhgaliyev1*, Talgat Kulmagambetov2, Dulat Ibrayev1, Saule Bostanova1 and Zhanat Titanov1
...e describe here the rationale and economics of adaptation of Aberdeen Angus and Hereford beef-producing animals brought from Canada and the Netherlands to Northern Kazakhstan. In order to investigate common zootechnic methods, daughters of imported Aberdeen Angus and Hereford cows were grouped at the age of 18-19 months with a live weight of no less than 350 kg. Groups were constituted using the ana<...
Bamigboye Olutoyin Omolara1, Fapohunda Funmilayo Omotoyosi1, Oladipo Elijah Kolawole1,2, Oni Mattthew Olujenyo1, Ajibade Oluwatosin Akinola1, Kaka Mary Oluwatosin1*
... collected samples were analyzed for enumeration of CD4+ cells and presence of HBV. The selected three HBV serological markers were HBsAg, HBeAg and HBcAb while using a third generation ELISA kit for screening. The mean CD4+ count and age were 479.12 ± 23.48 cells/µl and 48.56 ± 1.27 years, respectively. Only six samples out of ninety-three HIV-positive samples were positive to HBsAg while fifty-four samples (58.1%) were positive for HBcAb ...
Muhammad Rehan3, Asim Aslam3, Javeria Umber4, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan3, Waqar Azeem3, Hassan Aftab5, Ahsan Anjum3, Muhammad Abid6, Abdul Hameed Khan3, Hafiz Hasnain Ayoub5, Altaf Hussain2 and Muhammad Farooq Khalid1*
...lved in homeostasis of innate and adaptive immune responses by modulating activity of monocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages and activation of T and B lymphocytes. Vitamin D modulates cytokine response and anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) production which boost innate immune response. Hypovitaminosis D is a significant risk factor for infectious and non-infectious diseases however its exact mechanism is still unknown, but low...
Monica Paula Marin1, Elena Narcisa Pogurschi1*, Iuliana Marin2 and Carmen Georgeta Nicolae1
...n done by consumers. The natural, less expensive methods for improving the milk quality are the most studied by farmers and researches. Clinoptilolite, natural zeolite added to dairy cows diets, has been proven to be an efficient and economic solution. Starting from the fact that natural zeolites are recognized as having beneficial effects on the animal organism, being detoxifiers, immunom...
Doulat Khan1, Hamayun Khan1, Nazir Ahmad2, Muhammad Tarique Tunio3, Muhammad Tahir2, Muhammad Saleem Khan2 and Rifat Ullah Khan1*
...nts.
...
Anam Tariq, Alina Gul, Majida Atta Muhammad, Samia Falak and Naeem Rashid*
... was cloned with its native signal sequence and expressed in Escherichia coli. Heterologous gene expression resulted in production of recombinant protein in the cytoplasm which secreted gradually to the extracellular culture medium. Determination of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the recombi
Farheen Shafique1, Shaukat Ali2,*, Saiqa Andleeb1, Abdul Rauf1,3, Syed Ayaz Kazmi1,3, Sadia Idrees4, Faisal Farooq1,3, Faiq Nawaz Khan3,4, Muhammad Saad-ul-Hassan1,3, Raja Awais Mumtaz1,3, Saba Khalid1, Zaheem Ashraf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2 and Fazal-ur-Rehman5
...erviewed through questionnaire method. After taking written consent from each participant or guardian, 5 ml of blood was collected from each participant and brought to the working laboratory for HBV and HCV screening through ICT kit method. All ICT positive samples were further confirmed through ELISA. Individuals 25(8.2%) were found positive for both hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) and Anti hepatitis C antibody (Anti-HCV antibody) after initial screening ...
Ahsan Anjum1, Asim Aslam1, Raheela Akhtar1, Tahir Yaqub2, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1, Rizwana Sultan3, Saba Usman1, Aneela Zameer Durrani4 and Muhammad Usman4*
...ea, polypnea, cough, and nasal discharges and caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides. This study was carried out in abattoirs of Lahore, Kasur and Jhang districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Different tissue samples were collected from 560 cattle showing respiratory signs at slaughter. Lung samples were used for detection of CBPP through PCR targeting 16S ribosomal RNA. Furth...
Yan-Guo Han, Yu-Qing Han, Jia-Yuan Wu, Jia Guo, Ri-Su Na, Yan Zeng, Guang-Xin E, Yong-Ju Zhao and Yong-Fu Huang*
...div>This study aimed to analysis the effect of immunisation of somatostatin (SS) DNA vaccine in maternal animals on serum related hormones in offspring. In this study, ten ewes with two newborn lambs were randomly divided into SS DNA vaccine group (Group T) and empty vector group (Gr...
Imdad Ullah Khan1, Shehla Gull Bokhari2, Mumtaz Ali Khan3, Ikramul Haq3*and Naimat Ullah Khan4
...inic of Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University. History reported abdominal pain and straining with unsuccessful attempts to defecate. Clinical examination revealed absence of the anal orifice, lack of a bulge sign at the anal site and dribbling of urine from the umbilicus.The case was diagnosed as ...
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Riaz Hussain Mirza1, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1 and Muhammad Shahid Nabeel2
... grazed/browsed (n=7) on natural pasture and were offered seasonal green fodder (lucerne) ad lib in the manger (n=7). The calves were kept on these treatments for 4 months. Initial body weights of the calves were recorded at the start of the trial and then weighed fortnightly. The overall weight gain per day in four months of feeding trial differed significantly between two groups. It is concluded that camel is a good...
R. Yasmeen1*, S. Shaheen1, B.N. Khan2, S.S. Bokhari1, U. Rafi1 and A.W. Qurashi1
...hemically digested and finally analysed by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometery (FAAS) for four heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu. The results showed all the metals were in safe range in feed samples, a very negligible amount was present in water samples and small concentrations were noticed in soil samples. The amounts of Zn and Cu in feed were reflected in fecal samples; however, higher amount of Pb and Cd wer...
Abdul Samad1, Raheela Asmat2, Muhammad Naeem1, Hamida Ali3, Mohammad Zahid Mustafa1, Ferhat Abbas1, Jannat Raza1,3 and Muhammad Tauseef Asmat1*
...amples were found contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. Milk samples were the most contaminated as 4 samples collected from retail shops or dairy farm were found positive for Listeria. While 2 samples of each beef, chicken meat and salad were contaminated with Listeria. The virulent genes inlA, inlB, prfA, hlyA, actA, pl...
Jun Zhang, Kui Zhang, Zuozhi Chen*, Yane Jiang, Yancong Cai, Yuyan Gong and Wenming Yu
...onship parameters of dominant coral reef fish species in the South China Sea. The specimes were collected by hand-line in the lagoons of five representative coral reefs during June 2013 to September 2018. According to FishBase, this study provides first report on LWR of six studied species and practically available parameters on LWR for three species. The estimated b values ranged between 2.218 (Parapercis millepun...
Muhammad Israr1*, Helen Ross2, Shakeel Ahmad3, Nafess Ahmad4 and Urooba Pervaiz5
...>Poverty is multidimensional and presents a great threat to achieving the targets of the “Sustainable Development Goals” (SDGs) across the world. This study makes contribution to the ongoing debate regarding capability, social exclusion, and participatory approaches as measuring strategies for farm poverty. This study was designed to develop a new methodological framework to measure multidimensio
Shahzad Khan1*, Inayatullah Jan1 and Syed Fahad Shah2
...o identify the role of tenants in informal tenancy contracts. Three villages of District Charsadda Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, were purposely selected for the study. A total of 30 respondents were interviewed with the help of a pre-tested questionnaire. The findings of the study reveal that skillful and experienced tenants were given preference by the ...
Muhammad Bakhtiar Khan1 and Jangraiz Khan2*
...arch study the economic analysis of Tunnel farming of off-season vegetables has been done for district Peshawar. Primary data was collected from eighty-four farmers who had grown off-season vegetables through tunnel-farming, and seasonal vegetables without tunnel and their productivity were compared. It was found that output per acre in tunnel was significantly higher than that of without tunnel. All the three vegetables viz...
Yanyan Yu1,2,3, Yizhong Hu1, Qipeng Zhang1, Rongquan Zheng1,4,*, Bing Shen1, Shenshen Kong1 and Ke Li1
...ll of two-choice discrimination studies on the genus Quasipaa spinosa detected the phonotaxis of the female frog for the calls from different lineages. In this work, we used a single-stimulus design to analyse phonotactic response to stimulus and subsequently estimated the values of female preference functions for call duration and call rate, and recorded and analysed the properties...
Haroon1,2, Yu-Feng Meng1, Zahid Khan1, Farzana Perveen2, Muhammad Ather Rafi3, Sayed Waqar Shah4, Xiao-Hong Su1 and Lianxi Xing1,*
...ith their abundance Danauas chrysippus (F130, F314 and D3 24.11), followed by Junonia orytha (F121, F310 and D3 11.86), while Papilio polytes, Junonia hierta and Euthalia garuda showed minimum (F12, F 31 and D3 0.2) of each species. The Shannon diversity (H’) is high in union council (UC) Koaz Bahram Dheri (H’= 6.05) followed by UC Dhaki (H’= 4.38), while Simpson diversity (1/D) is more significant in UC Koa...
Tong Feng, Zilu Zhang, Minghao Qu, Chan Luo, Laiba Shafique, Qingyou Liu and Kuiqing Cui*
... flower) was cloned and analyzed by systematic bioinformatics. The result showed that the coding region of the MC1R gene of Nubian goat was 954 bp in length and encoded 317 amino acids. The results of multiple sequence comparison showed that the clones were 99%, 87%, 86%, 85%, 84%, 81%, and 77% similar to the published pig, cow, human, dog, sheep, mouse, and chicken, respectively. It showed that MC1R gene had a high conserved type among different species. The ...
Anand Kushwaha, Amit Kumar, Aparna Madhavan, Durga Goswami, Golmei Poulinlu and Gnanavel Venkatesan*
...ls are available, recombinant protein based diagnostic assays namely ELISA is safer and robust to handle large sample size and also to minimize labor/time. However, the genus Capripoxvirus encodes putative 147 proteins in their genome, among which some of them are reported as potential immunogenic candidate genes. Selection and use of such candidate immunogenic proteins from an array of genes located at different structures ...
Majid Khan, Naveed Jehan*, Muhammad Zahoor and Nadia Naz
...tunkhwa. The aim was to analyse the poverty status of the Virginia Tobacco growers in the study area with Poverty Gap Index (PGI) method. The primary data was collected through structured questionnaire from 159 farmers. Monthly farmers’ income was calculated from the total crop and non-crop income. The results revealed that the poverty ratio and Poverty Gap index were 8.3 percent and 0.016 percent for the Virginia toba...
Ajmalud Din1*, Munir Ahmad2, Fahad Masoud Watto2, Sheraz Ahmed1, Imtiaz Ali1 and Muhammad Kausar Nawaz Shah2
Kalpana Polisetty1* and Kiran Kumar Paidipati2
... change point and trend analysis for wheat production on the basis of time and spatial scale of major wheat producing states of India. This study has considered various prominent non-parametric methods i.e. Pettitt’s, Standard normal homogeneity (SNH) and Buishand’s range tests. The core purpose of these three techniques is to capture the mutation point in time series data connected to wheat production during the period 1980-2016. Consequently, Sen...
Muhammad Ramiz Murtaza1, Tahir Mehmood2*, Aziz Ahmad2 and Uzma Arshad Mughal3
... percent of the factors analyzed were affecting mango production and adjusted R2 was at 0.62. The whole goodness of fit model was enlightened by the high significance of F-value i.e., 26.5 where p<0.01. Mango plantations with intercropping were 76.6 percent lesser per acre yield as compared to without intercropping. Agri. extension workers should inform mango growers to give up intercropping in order to get a higher yield. ...
Asif Yaseen1, Muhammad Israr2*, Allah Bux Khan1, Ahsan Javed3, Nafees Ahmad4 and Zia Ullah5
...arch is twofold. First, analyzing smallholder famers’ selection of high value marketing channels to boost self-sufficiency in the Pakistani Citrus industry, and second, to identify the issues of greater importance pertaining to famers’ selection of high value market channels in the Pakistani citrus industry. The study employed survey technique to collect data from 300 citrus farmers in Punjab, and multinomial treatments effects were used to a
Saleem Ashraf1, Raheel Saqib2*, Zakaria Yousuf Hassan3, Muhammad Luqman4 and Abdur Rehman5
...o livelihoods uplift and national economic development. However, the marketing system is criticised for inconsistent supply chain of citrus in Pakistan. This research aimed to bridge the research gap by soliciting intermediaries’ role in the citrus marketing process. Total 120 randomly selected citrus growers were interviewed face to face and collected data were analysed using Statis...
Rakhshanda Kousar1, Muhammad Sohail Amjad Makhdum2, Raza Ullah1, Aqeela Saghir3, Sohaib Usman3* and Tahira Sadaf1
...vity. The study aims at analyzing the impact of land fragmentation on productivity and profitability of crops. The primary data were collected from 120 farmers of rural area of Faisalabad. This study calculated the extent of land fragmentation by using Simpson index. Production function was employed to estimate the impact of land fragmentation on the crop productivity. The results suggested that higher the land fragmentation of the farms, negative is the impac...
Gulfam Hassan1*, Ijaz Ashraf2, Muhammad Qavi Irshad3, Shafiq-ur-Rehman Zia2 and Muhammad Idrees4
...e growers disclosed the unavailability of literature and bad condition of training equipment the top most weaknesses of trainings. On basis of results it is recommended that Extension Field Staff (EFS) should organize more trainings equipped with appropriate literature and skilled trainers for the enhanced awareness. ...
Yousaf Ali1, Muhammad Zamin1*, Ibadullah Jan1, Shahen Shah2, Muhammad Mazhar Hussain3, Fazli Rabbi4 and Muhammad Amin5
... different media on germination and emergence of tomato genotypes)” was conducted at National Agriculture Research Council (NARC) Islamabad, during June to August 2018. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of four planting medium treatments (compost, mixture, clay and sand) and six tomato genotypes (Nadi...
Anwar Ali1*, Muhammad Irfan Ashraf2, Saeed Gulzar2 and Muhammad Akmal2
...ion of response and explanatory variables. It was found that square of DBH and H (D2H) was the best independent variable for predicting above ground biomass of an individual tree. The equation was also evaluated and compared with the existing generic allometric equations. Results showed that the allometric equation developed in this study gave more reliable estimates of aboveground biomass. A strong relationship (r2 = 0.99) found for tree biomass as response v...
Hamoudi Naoual1, Alloui Nadir2*, Barberis Abdelhak2 and Boudaoud Amine2
...astern Algeria, a preliminary descriptive study is conducted to identify and enumerate in wetland areas, migratory bird species, known to carry the AIV. The Anatidae population peaked in January 2017 with a total of 8064 birds. The 6 frequent species observed are: Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Eurasian teal (Anas crecca), Gadwall (A...
Muhammad Usman* and Sajjad Ahmad
...genus of subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Pakistan has a very rich entomo fauna but only a few attempts were made to study this subfamily. Specimens were collected from different ecological zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan in 2018. In this paper, Chablisea imbiba and Chablisea condimenta are described for the first time from Pakistan. Morphological description is provided and elucidated with ...
Nosheen Noor Elahi1, Muhammad Shafique1, Muhammad Imtiaz2, Umer Farooq3* and Muhammad Rashid1
...y important role in eliminating the effect of salinity. Cicer arietinum L. is an important legume crop having high quantity of proteins. In the present study, four varieties (CM44, CM91, CM98 and CM2000) were grown in the presence and absence of PGPR inoculated media and nitrogen in different salinity levels (20, 50, 100, 200 and 300mM NaCl). The biomass production of the varieties CM91 and CM98 increased at 20-100mM NaCl concentrations but drastically decreas...
Faisal Azeem Abbassi1, Atta Ullah2, Muhammad Saim Hashmi1, Khadim Hussain1* and Nasim Akhter1
...ing Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Assets indices revealed that district has performed best on physical capital (index value 0.63) and human capital (index value 0.59) dimensions. It was found that foreign remittance is the most popular livelihood strategy (29% of households’ main source of income) in the district. Apart from this, livelihood strategies are fairly diverse in different tehsils (sub-divisions) of the district. Results of Multinomial L...
Peng Ren1, Xian-Qing Liu1, Chao-Wu Yang2,3, Hua-Rui Du2,3, Xiao-Song Jiang2,3 and Yi-Ping Liu1*
...dustry. As a universal innate immune gene, Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) can activate the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and regulate downstream gene expression. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding regions (CDS) of the MyD88 gene have also been reported to be associated with inter-subject differences in responses to Salmonella Pullorum infection in chickens. However, whether...
Tanveer Ahmad1, Tariq Mehmood1, Muhammad Shahid1, Adnan Ahmad1,2, Muhammad Asim Raza Basra1, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman3* and Munawar Ali Munawar1
...blem. In this work, sulfonamides and sulfonylurea-sulfonamide hybrids were synthesized from simple molecule of 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide by its reaction with aryl sulfonyl chlorides. Anti-diabetic activities of these pharmacophores were studied by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) percentage analysis on Sprague Dawley (SD) rats at the dose of 20mg/kg us...
Muhammad Asif Gondal, Qazal Waheed, Sana Tariq, Waseem Haider, Aisha Khan, Qudsia Rasib and Haroon Ahmed*
...a long time, freshwater snails have attracted the attention of biologists. The ecological attributes like diversity, species richness and equitability of freshwater gastropods are important due to various reasons like intermediate hosts for many trematodes and bio-indicator. Snails are cosmopolitan in distribution and diversity of habitat to perform ecological performance is abosolute. The freshwater malacological informatio...
Erum Yawar Iqbal1*, Ashfaque Ahmed Nahiyoon1, Shahnaz Dawar2 and Shahina Fayyaz1
... such as, cell-free supernatant, crude cell extract, bacterial culture and methanol extract in in vitro and green house condition have been exploited. The results have shown that different formulants of EPB produced significant effects on Aphid mortality, change in population density, population reduction and fecundity. Cell-free supernatant of new EPB species Xenorhabdus steinernematis n.sp. strain PAK....
Yun-Feng Liu, Yong-Mei Guan, Dan Chen, Jia-Le Chen, Chen Jin, Wei-Feng Zhu, Lu Wu and Li-Hua Chen*
...er application of a combination of Strychni Semen extract (SSE) and Paeoniae Radix Alba extract (PRAE) by in vitro skin permeation were observed. The penetration quantity, infiltration rate and skin retention quantity of paeoniflorin in co-administrated with SSE were increased significantly (P<0.05). In the skin and brain, the peak concentration (Cmax) and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0→t) of bruci...
Chuntao Li1, Hua Liu2, Jianqing Zhang1*, Jiaqiang Zhang1, Luming Dai1, Zhihuan Zhao1,Lizhou Fang1, Ling Liu1, Jingkui Shu1 and Jiagang Feng1
...ory by human microarray analysis. Then, we selected lncRNAs and their associated mRNAs which were both differential expression in COPD vs healthy smokers, for quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). A total of 3,359 lncRNAs revealed by mi...
Dilara Abbas Bukhari*, Mehwish Faheem, Shamoona Arshad and Khalid P. Lone
...dietary consumption of Banaspati ghee on renal function of mice. Two locally manufactured brand of Banaspati ghee daily to mice at a rate of 10% of their daily food intake for a period of 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, both male and female mice were sacrificed and kidneys were taken out. Biochemical parameters e.g., lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), reduce...
Saara Ahmad1,*, Iftikhar Ahmed2, Saida Haider3, Zehra Batool4, Laraib Liaquat3, Fatima Ahmed5, Asra Khan1, Tahira Perveen3, Mirza Jawad ul Hasnain6, Saima Khaliq7 and Saad Bilal Ahmed8
...e liver is a multifunctional organ that metabolizes all forms of diets, and food ingredients can have beneficial or detrimental effects on liver cells during such a process. As we have already studied the components of chicken feed previously, the purpose of this study was to observe the effects of chicken meat consumption on liver cells of rats. One hundred and twenty female Albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups and separately for standard...
Nahed H. Ghoneim, Maha A. Sabry, Zeinab S. Ahmed and Esraa A. Elshafiee*
... Governorates. An additional 50 stool specimens were collected from individuals in contact with the examined chickens. Eleven Campylobacter isolates were recovered through bacteriological examination. Campylobacter spp. were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as C. jejuni (63.6 %) and C. coli (36.4 %) through the detection of the Map A and Ceu E genes, respectively. The an...
Bhandari Jyoti1,2, Yasen Shali3, Zhang Zehua4, Yao Xiaoho5, Deng Jiang3, Zhang Yaling5, Wang Cuiling5, Li Yang5, Lei Xueping5, Wang Wenfeng5, Mohammad Farooque Hassan6 and Li Can1,*
... study, the population dynamics, life history and spatial distribution pattern of L. m. tibetensis Chen were explored on meadow and farmland of the Tibetan plateau during 2012. The first objective of this study was to investigate the population dynamic and life history of this pest on their outbreak sites. The second objective was to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of L....
Ramazan İlgün1*, Nilgün Kuru2, Ferhan Bölükbaş3 and Fatih Mehmet Gür4
...squamous epithelium. Lamina propria and submucosal layers were distinguishable underneath the epitelium. SEM observations of surface of the radix linguae revealed conical papillae and tongue caudally directed lingual papillae. Thus, in this study, the anatomy and histology of the tongue of the guinea fowl tongue were examined in detail using light and scanning electron microscopy, and the similarities and differences between...
Gasem Mohammad Abu-Taweel
...ior, neuromuscular coordination, motor activity, blood parameters and liver structure alterations. On the first day of pregnancy, 30 pregnant mice were equally divided into three groups. Tap water was provided to the control group (Group I). Group II and Group III animals were orally received 5 and 10 ppm of HgCl2.The treatment started the first day of preg...
Nafeesa Batool1*, Javed Iqbal Qazi1, Nida Aziz1, Ali Hussain2 and Syed Zawwar Hussain Shah3
...n agrarian countries by anaerobic digestion (AD) and co-digestion (Co-AD) under mesophilic (35 ± 2 ﹎) settings at substrate to microorganism (S / M) ratio of 1.0 based on volatile solids (VS) for 30 days. Solids [Total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), fixed solids (FS) and their ratios as (VS / TS)] determinations were also carried out for process monitoring. The highest cumulative biogas yield of 459.4 mL /g VS w...
Elmas Ulutaş1,*, Abdullah Eryavuz2, Aziz Bülbül2, Abdur Rahman3,*, İsmail Küçükkurt4 and Cangir Uyarlar5
...her parameters remained unaffected. No difference was observed in ruminal pH between the treatment groups. Ruminal ammonia and number of protozoa were decreased (p<0.05) with 700 ppm and 1000 ppm zinc supplementation. Rumen Zn concentration increased (p<0.05) in the goats fed with 1000 ppm zinc, whereas there was no difference in rumen Fe and Cu concentration among the treatments, ex...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2*, Rashid Mushtaq1, Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2*Mubasher Ahmad Malik1, Mujahid Manzoor1, Muhammad Tahir2, Zubair Aslam4, Sumaira Maqsood5, Ishita Ahuja3 and Atle M. Bones3
...up>3 PIB/Larva) of native isolated Nucleopolyhydrovirus (NPV) from Spodoptera litura and Spinosad (0.01 ppm) against 3rd and 4th instar larvae collected from three different geographical areas of Punjab (Pakistan). A difference in larval mortality, pupation, adult emergence and egg ecluson was observed. The higher but sub-lethal dose rate of NPV with Spinosad exhibited synergistic interaction, while the rest of the combi
Peng Peng1,3, Xiaopeng Tang2*, Dun Deng3, and Rejun Fang1*
...ibility of GM as an alternative protein resource in meat duck diets. Firstly, the chemical composition, dry matter (DM) digestibility, metabolic energy (ME) were determined. Secondly, a total of four hundred eighty 15-day-old Shuanggui-tou meat ducks were divided into 4 treatments, 1) Control group (0% GM in the diet), 2) 3% GM group (3% GM in the diet), 3) 6% GM group (6% GM in the diet), and 4) 9% GM group (9% GM in the diet). All groups had 8 replicate...
Dilawar Khan1*, Arif Ullah2, Zainab Bibi1, Ihsan Ullah1, Muhammad Zulfiqar4 and Zafir Ullah Khan3
Malak Atiq Ullah Khan1*, Fida Mohammad2, Fahim Ullah Khan3, Sheraz Ahmad2, Mian Ahmad Raza1 and Tariq Kamal1
...tion (AMMI), GGE biplot analysis and stability parameters. Eighty-one wheat genotypes were evaluated during three consecutive years (2013/14, 2014/15 and 2015/16) across nine environments (sites × year combination) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Graphical stability approaches such as AMMI and GGE provided almost similar results for identifying the high-yielding and stable wheat genotypes. The AMMI a
Saba1, Shahnaz Akhtar1, Waqar Khalid2* and Saifullah Khan3
... of women in livestock management practices and to explore factors determining their engagement in district Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A multi-stage sampling approach was adopted to choose a random sample of 110 women farmers from the union council of village Shewa, and a well-structured questionnaire was designed to accumulate the primary dataset from rural women through face to face interviews. A women’s pa...
Iqbal Javed1, Abdur Rehman2*, Farhana Khaliq1, Amar Razzaq3, Mudassar Yasin4, Ghulam Mustafa5, Allah Bakhsh6 and Raheel Saqib7
...tion of a commodity. Nominal protection coefficient (NPC) is projected for the time period of 2003 to 2016 for using as a dependent variable in the current study. To estimate the impact of different macroeconomic variables on basmati export competitiveness panel data set is used following Park’s Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS). According to the results of the study about the impact of macroeconomic variable on basmati competitiveness, inflation ...
Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui1*, Muhammad Tahir Khan1, Ghulam Shah Nizamani1, Shafquat Yasmeen1, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan1, Abdullah Khatri1 and Nighat Seema Soomro2
...otype showed an extraordinarily high yield of 1765.1 kg ha-1. The other two mutant lines viz. AEL-13/30 and AEL-12/30 produced seed yield of 1628.4 and 1561.9 kg ha-1, respectively. Yield of the check varieties as well as the parent was substantially lower than the evaluated mutants; lowest seed yield was produced by M-85 (1113.5 kg ha-1). Hence, selected mutants indicated improvement in earliness in flowering, maturity, yield and yield contributing traits. Co...
Nadeem Munawar1,2*, Tariq Mahmood2, Paula Rivadeneira1, Ali Akhter2 and Saqib Mehmood2
...e, and succession of the natural wild vegetation. Livestock grazing, cutting, harvesting (for fuel wood and animal feed) and burning of field boundary vegetation are common practices that affect rodents and their habitat. During crop season, local farmers in the Pothwar agro-ecosystem in Pakistan do not manage wild vegetation on the field edges, and that may impact rodent populations near their fields. This study was conduct...
Hong-mei Gao, Wen-long Su, Gui-bin Tao, Han-yang Li, Wen-zheng Cao and Zhi-dong Qiu*
...BM microenvironmental signals, and this could provide an idea to attenuate anemia in chemotherapy.
...
Muhammad Ilyas1, Sardar Ali Khan1, Shahid Iqbal Awan1, Shafiq-ur-Rehman1, Waqar Ahmed1, Muhammad Riaz Khan2, Raja Mohib Muazzam Naz2, Muhammad Mohib Ullah Khan3 and Sumaira Hafeez1*
...stify;">Generation mean analysis belongs to the quantitative biometric methods based on measurement of phenotypic performances of certain quantitative traits on as many as possible plant individuals in basic experimental generations. Initially, 108 inbred lines of maize were planted in two separate trails under water deficit and normal irrigation conditions in the experimental field of Department of Plant Breeding and Molecular Genetics. Selection of parents f...
Tanweer Ahmed1*, Kashif Saeed Khan1, Zilakat Khan Malik1, Fazal Wahid1 and Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal2
...fy;">This study aims to analyse the impact of public spending on economic growth in Pakistan. Various econometric techniques have been applied to estimate the relationship among public spending on education, health, road length, defence, trade openness, worker remittances, total cropped area and economic growth. Pakistan’ economic growth rate fluctuated from 1972 to 2014. During this period for some years, the economic growth was high while it slowed dow...
Tian-Yi Zhao1, Zi-Qing Liu2, Shu-Fei Ma3, Bo-Yang1, Fan-Fan Guo1 and Ming-Hua Duan1*
...olide is a Chinese medicinal compound used to treat various diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of biatractylolide in preventing and protecting Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remained elusive. This study was conducted to observe the effect of biatractylolide on the pathological changes of amyloid beta protein (Aβ)-induced AD. In vitro assays (MTT and flow cytometry) were applied to detect the effect of biatractylolide on PC12 cell proliferation, g...
Su-Hu Duan, Liu-An Li*, Zai-Qiang Li, Meng-Ran Qin, Zhen-Zhen Fan, Qian Wang, Ke-Yan Zhang, Zhong-Mou Zhang, Bai-Liang Yang and Tian-Ming Jin
...atty acid content of ordinary eggs and native eggs of brands A, B and C. The results indicate that: In the test samples, totally 7 types of SFA, 7 types of MUFA, and 8 types of PUFA were detected. Specifically, no significant difference was found in the content of C14:0~C18:0 (P>0.05). The content of C16:0 in the yolk of both native eggs and ordina...
Mingsan Miao*, Hui Zhao, Jiaojiao Jia, Xiaoyan Fang and Yanyan Miao
...henolic acid on the neuronal enolase and brain biochemical factors in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion mice model and to assess the protection mechanism of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. The repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion mice model was used where bilateral common carotid artery was targeted to block blood flow, reperfusion and then re-blocking the arteries. Brain tissues were examined 24 hours post-drug administration to determine the level of...
Ju Zhang1,2, Dong-Sheng Jia3, Shi-Hao Zhao1,2, Xiao-Liang Xie3, Hong Chen4 and Hai-Feng Li4,*
... assay and lifespan examination in sir-2.1 mutant nematodes. The antioxidant activity of HGQ was investigated by determining reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, paraquat-stress survival rate, malondialdehyde (MDA) content as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities.We observed that HGQ exerted little effect on the growth of wild-type N2 nematodes at concentration < 0.6 mg/ml, and 0.05 mg/ml of th...
Chen Shi, Jianlong Zhang and Guanghui Teng*
...e experiment adopted a management and data acquisition system based on LabVIEW, which automatically acquired and recorded the body measurements and body weights of 30 pigs during 90-day grower-finisher stage. Three body ratios between two each body measurements showed that the body length and width were the major parts of growth and development of pigs during 70 to 110 days old. The growth stages of grower and finisher were divided by three normalized body rat...
Guoan Yin1,2, Lei Wang1, Xiaoyu Zhao1, LangchaoYu1, Liwei Guan1 and
Dapeng Huang1,2*
...ocused on effects of pregnancy and lactation environments on Postures of primiparous sows during lactation. This study has investigated the postures of lactating primiparous sows raised in the crates or free pens during pregnancy and lactation. Total 12 gilts were reared in three types of environments randomly during pregnancy and lactation, including gestatio...
Masaud Khan1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Shahab Ahmad2, Asad Ali3, Numan Khan3 and Muhammad Adnan Fahad4
...Io was based on 30% of management allowed deficit. Effect of Nitrogen doses on Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was found to be highly significant and showed an increasing trend of 7, 25 and 68% with reducing Nitrogen doses. However, the effect on dry-to-fresh weight ratio, plant height, days to 50% flowering, were found to be non-significant. Results indicated that deficit irrigation (I15, I30 and I45) had significant effect (P<0.05) on plant height and NUE. ...
Muhammad Ilyas1*, Sardar Ali Khan1, Shahid Iqbal Awan1, Shafiq-ur-Rehman1, Muhammad Riaz Khan2 and Sumaira Hafeez1
... traits indicating a dominant type of gene action. Heterosis was high for both crosses along with high inbreeding depression. All these results exhibit that the hybrid breeding is the best option for inbreds to exploit their potential. ...
Mudassar Rashid1, Zuhair Husnain2, Usman Shakoor1* and Muhammad Iftikhar ul Husnain1
...area) had been used for analysis. Historical climate data from 1981-2015, was collected from Pakistan Meteorological Department, while data of Technology, fertilizer and cotton area has been gathered from Pakistan Economic Survey. ARDL bound testing econometric approach was employed to gauge the empirical estimates. The outcomes of cointegration shows that all climate variables have statistically substantial effect on cotton productivity in Pakistan. Both rain...
Haidar Ali1*, Malik Muhammad Shafi1, Himayatullah Khan1 and Hamra Haidar2
...chnique for this study. Analysis showed that small farmers of developed villages perform more off-farm employment than small farmers of underdeveloped villages. This could be associated to the developed means of transport and communications, better education facilities, market facilities as well as availability of off-farm jobs locally. Furthermore, in developed villages average per month income of small farm households from farm output was higher than the und...
Sanaullah1*, Urooba Pervaiz1, Shahid Ali2, Mohammad Fayaz2 and Aftab Khan2
...red interview schedule. Analysis was carried through multiple regression and independent sample t-test. Results indicated that extension visits, involvement in agriculture, adoption of recommended farming practices, irrigation and HYVs had significant effect, while disease, fertilizer and pesticide had non-significant effect on maize yield. Nevertheless, adoption of recommended technologies were low due to some constraints in the study area out of which low in...
Derya Kocamaz* and Elif Oruc
...re toxic effect on the gonad of tilapia compared to individual pesticide exposures. In addition, the depuration period of 7 days was not adequate to eliminate the toxic effects of these insecticides.
...
Irfan Shahzad Sheikh, Masroor Ahmad Bajwa, Nadeem Rashid, Muhammad Zahid Mustafa, Mohammad Masood Tariq*, Majed Rafeeq, Abdul Samad, Tauseef M Asmat and Asad Ullah
...Under standard broiler management conditions, birds were divided into five treatment groups of 48 with four replicates. Commercial pre-starter feed, starter feed and finisher feed were offered on days 1-12, 13-25 and 26-42, respectively. Birds were vaccinated against Newcastle disease virus and infectious bursal disease. Relative lymphoid organ weights were recorded on day 42. Hemagglutina...
Sana Aslam1, Wayne Thomas Shier2 and Imran Sajid1*
... habitats may be an alternate solution to this challenge. The aim of this study was to explore the actinobacterial diversity of the saline lake, situated in the salt range, Punjab, Pakistan and to screen them for antagonistic activities against multi drug resistant pathogens and to characterize the bioactive metabolites produced by them. A total of seventy strains of actinomycetes were isolated from lake samples, out of them only forty bioactive strains were s...
Muhammad Faheem Akbar1,*, Muhammad Abdul Haq2, Imtiaz Ahmad1, Vasileva Viliana3 and Amjad Sultan1
... degradation of conventional and bio pesticides sprayed on cauliflower crop. Bio pesticides are environment-friendly products and highly biodegradable with low persistency and residual effects. Imidacloprid, endosulfan and profenofos were selected as convectional, while spinosad and biosal (neem compound) as bio pesticides, and were sprayed at the rates of 49.4, 642.2, 988, 35.5 and 158 g a.i. ha-1 respectively. T...
Using Smartphone Application to Estimate the Defoliation Caused by Insect Herbivory in Various Crops
Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Sajjad Ali2, Asad Abdullah1, Samina Khalid3, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif4, Syed Muhammad Ali Zahid1, Muhammad Afzal1 and Jaima Molina-Ochoa5
...sing BioLeaf for foliar analysis. Our results demonstrated that the quantification of foliar damage using BioLeaf application was easy and accurate. This method is also comparable with other techniques like digital analysis by ImageJ software and leaf area meter devices. With these results, it is concluded that the BioLeaf application has resulted in an accurate leaf area measuring tool of foliar damage with minimum time and...
Stanley Uchenna Onwudike* and Vivian Chizoba Edoziem
...soils will help in its management. This investigation examined some variations in soil properties and inorganic phosphorus forms within the rhizosphere of three annual crops, viz groundnut (Arachis hypogea), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) on a loamy sand, typic haplustult soil. The work was sited at the research farm of the University during 2016 planting season and the region lies within the latitude of 5° 38¹N and longit...
Mahfooz Khan* and Himayatullah Khan
...reas of Pakistan. Unfortunately, most of the farm households in Pakistan still use traditional energy sources for cooking. The present study is based on choice of alternative energy sources for cooking in rural areas of district Peshawar. The main objective of the study was to examine what factors determine the choice of alternative energy sources of far...
Abdul Kabir¹, Amjad Hussian Mirani¹, Jam Kashif1, Shumaila Manzoor2, Abdullah Iqbal3*, Ihsan Ullah Khan4 and Muhammad Abubakar2
...tion system of small ruminants and on-going disease outbreaks in the target area.
...
Muneer Abbas1*, Muhammad Ramzan1, Khalid Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Irshad1, Mudassar Khaliq1 and Sohail Abbas2
...trol treatment. But Marginal Cost Benefit Ratio was -0.46. Light traps proved more efficient and feasible having low environmental risks having minimum percent foliage, pod and gain damage of 2.09, 0.71 and 0.29, respectively with 0.13 larval population/plant, maximum yield of 875 kg/ha with 68.84 % yield increase over control under current investigations. Light traps had ideal MCBR of 13.3 with net income Rs. 32000 followed by B. thuringiensis and hand...
Kanwal Nisa1, Sadaf Ashraf1, Masood Ahmed Siddiqui1*,Naila Taj1, Habib-Ur-Rehman1, Arifa Bano1 and Naeem Rashid2
...ensis is a strictly anaerobic sulfur dependent archaeon that grows optimally at 85oC by a fermentative type metabolism. An extremely thermostable bifunctional enzyme, which exhibits pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (POR) and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) activities, was purified to an apparent homogeneity from this archaeon. The purified enzyme exhibited optimal activities at 95oC for POR and 90
Abdurakhim Kuchboev1, Mehmonjon Egamberdiev2, Rokhatoy Karimova1, Oybek Amirov1 and Mitsuhiko Asakawa3,*
...rmediate hosts from Fergana Valley, Uzbekistan. Larvae of D. dendriticum were detected in 28 (10.7%) out of 262 Xceropicta candacharica, and 8 (9.7%) of 82 Angiomphalia gereliana. Brachylaima sp. larvae were found in 3 (1.6%) of 95 Pseudonapaeus sogdiana. The total number of larvae per sna
Jun Yan Bai*, Hong Deng Fan, You Bing Yang, Xu Wang, Heng Cao, Xue Yan Fu and Yu Qin Wang
...e sheep populations was analyzed by PCR and sequencing techniques. The results showed that large tailed han sheep, small tailed han sheep, yuxi fatty tailed sheep, dorper sheep, hu sheep all have two mutation sites (C155T and C624T). For locus C155T, allele frequencies of C in large tailed han sheep, small tailed han sheep, yuxi fatty tailed sheep, dorper sheep and hu sheep were 0.73, 0.83, 0.54, 0.69 and 0.68 respectively, which indicated that C was the domi<...
Jun Yan Bai*, Xiao Hong Wu, Shuai Yang, You Zhi Pang, Heng Cao, Hong Deng Fan, Xue Yan Fu, Kun Peng Shi and Xiao Ning Lu
Mounir R. Abi-Said1, Mohammad Al Zein2, Mohammad A. Abu Baker3 and Zuhair S. Amr3,4*
...cts. Prey items were dominated by rodents (91%) which were found in 96.4% of the pellets. Birds, scorpions, and other insects constituted 2.46, 5.91, and 2.96% of the diet, respectively. Rodents contributed the most in terms of biomass, with the black rat, Rattus rattus, and desert jirds dominating the remains. The results suggested that the Desert Eagle Owl in the arid ecosystem in eastern Saudi Arabia is a highly se...
Kadir Seyhan1,*, Nimet Selda Başçinar2, Nadir Başçinar3 and Umar Khan3
...rout (Salvelinus fontinalis) fry and to estimate the effect of body mass on their GE rate (GER). A group of small and large sized S. fontinalis fry (ranging 0.39−0.66 and 0.76−1.46 g) was fed with commercial pellets under similar conditions to avoid the ingress of any other variable such as temperature and dietary energy density. Their stomach contents were sampled at predetermined postprandial time...
Muhammad Younis Laghari1,2, Zixia Zhao1, Yiwen Gong3, Punhal Lashari1,2, Shangqi Li1, Jian Xu1 , Ateeque Rahman Khooharo4, Jiongtang Li1,* and Yan Zhang1*
...cies in the world. In China, due to the geographical isolation of Hainan island from the mainland, the genetic diversity in Hainan island is different to that in the mainland. One of fifty sequences isolated from SINE element was polymorphic, including six haplotypes with an average sequence divergence of 11.03% (SE = 0.78%). Four haplotypes (MF177501-MF177504) were shared in these fo...
Savas Atasever*, Huseyin Erdem and Ibrahim Cihangir Okuyucu
...buffaloes. In total, 66 Anatolian buffaloes reared in four farms of the Middle Black Sea region of Turkey were scored subjectively by two parameters. BCS and RFS data were obtained using a 1 to 5 scale and a 1 to 4 scale, respectively, where lower points indicate thin body condition or relatively empty rumen. Animals were examined in two subgroups by parity (1= lactation number 1 and 2; and 2= lactation number ≥ 3) and stage of lactation (1=≤121 d, ...
Jun Yan Bai1*, Xiao Ping Jia2, Xiao Hong Wu1, Guang Lu Li1, Heng Cao1, Xue Yan Fu1 and Kun Peng Shi1
...div>...
Chandragouda M. Patil, Shashikant S. Udikeri* and Shreeshail. S. Karabhantanal
...e 57% EC, ethion 50EC, fenazaquin 10%EC treated leaves. Field populations had high degree of resistance to Sulphur 80WG with LC 50 of 17769.72 ppm against 651.17 ppm for a laboratory susceptible strain. Thus 27.30 fold resistance ratio was observed (RR) for sulphur. The least resistance ratio 4.45 fold was observed for fenazaquin 10% EC and the field and laboratory susceptible populations have exhibited LC 50...
Muhammad Rasheed*, Tayyaba Naseer, Asma Hassan, Fayaz ul Hassan, Rifat Hayat, Ghulam Jilani, Samman Gul Vaseer and Muhammad Bilal Ali
... justify;">Rhizobia have natural ability to fix nitrogen in legume plant through symbiotic association of legume-rhizobium by forming nodules on the roots of legume plants. To ensure an optimum rhizobial population in the rhizosphere is necessary that improves the nodulation, N2 fixation and growth of legume crops. The experiment was conducted to access the effect of isolated bacteria from nodules on growth and nodulation of the lentil cultivars. Different cul...
Amna Qazi1, Ghulam Shah Nizamani2*, Muhammad Tahir Khan2, Shafquat Yasmeen2, Shahla Karim Baloch1, Muharram Ali1, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan2, Sagheer Ahmad3, Muhammad Rashid Nizamani4 and Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui2
...opropagation is a phenomenal technique to serve rapid multiplication of vegetatively propagated plants through in vitro culture. This study was conducted to establish the optimal concentrations of plant growth regulators and sucrose for micropropagation of sugarcane. Sugarcane is cultivated through cane sets and therefore, multiplication of any new genotype through traditional practices requires intermi
Jun Yan Bai*, Hong Deng Fan, Shuai Yang, Xue Yan Fu, Heng Cao, Xiao Hong Wu, You Zhi Pang and Kun Peng Shi
...tensively cultured in China for characteristic of quick growth, small fodder consumption, early sexual maturity, big egg output and short production period. To recognize molecular markers of egg quality of quail, SNP in control regions of cytogenin gene (MyoG) 5’ in China yellow quail, Beijing white quail, Korean quail detected by PCR-SSCP method in this study. Moreover, correlations of control regions of MyoG 5’...
Amna Shoaib*, Zoia Arshad Awan and Naureen Akhtar
...ains were qualitatively analyzed for aflatoxins (AFB1 and AFB2) production by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). A polyphasic strategy as adopted for the current study is a reliable and reproducible means to differentiate A. minisclerotigenes from A. flavus, indeed essential in interpretations of taxonomic and nomenclature of A. flavus group that may allow prior diagnosis and selection of effectual antifungal agents.
...
Rafia Sadaf1, Ishrat Younus2*, Sidra Maqbool2, Talha Bin Fayyaz3, Sarah Jameel Khan1, Sidra Siddique1 and Rida Fatima1
...ans Linn has traditionally been used in various disorders related to both male and female and proves a great remedy for ovaralgia, ovaritis, epididymitis, orchitis nervousness, sadness, mild restlessness and mental disorder. This investigation is designed to evaluate acute toxicity and anti-anxiety activity of ethanol extract of Pulsatilla nigricans leaves. The acute oral toxicity shows that, plant extract up to 5000 mg/kg produces no signs and symp...
Fatima Hashim Abbas1,2* and Alaa Tareq Shakir Al-Hassnawi1
...ont-size: small;">In pregnancy, any disturbance in the balance between antioxidants and oxidants in favor of the later can cause serious problems such as abortion. So the investigation of the oxidants/antioxidants status during early stages of pregnancy is urgently needed to help us solving such health issues. In this current study, One hundred and thirteen aborted women (73 known causes group, 40 unknown group) and control ...
Mubashra Salim1, Omeira Ibrahim1, Hugo Vilhena2,3,4, Carla Maia5, André Pereira5, Maria Shahzeen1, Shabana Kalsoom1, Asim K. Mahmood6 and Furhan Iqbal1*
...cats, dogs, domestic ruminants, pigs, rodents and humans. The present study was designed for the molecular detection of Mycoplasma haemofelis and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum in feline blood samples collected from various pet clinics in Pakistan, by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), using 16S rDNA as the target sequence. Clinical and epidemiological data was collected in...
Ahsan Numan1,4, Khadija Irfan Khawaja2, Abdul Basit Qureshi3, Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf4, Imtiaz Rabbani4, Hafsa Zaneb5 and Habib Rehman4*
...ollected during the examination for the determination of various serum biochemical determinants. Prevalence of DSP was found to be 31.48% when 2,290 diabetes mellitus Type-2 subjects were screened. The patients with DSP were older (p < 0.05), had longer duration of DMT2 (p<0.01), elevated systolic blood pressure (p<0.05), blood sugar (p < 0.05), HbA1c (p<0.001), c...
Asim Faraz1,*, Abdul Waheed1, Riaz Hussain Mirza1, Muhammad Shahid Nabeel2 and Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1
...7.38 liter under traditional management, Barela camel appears as a camel breed with a good dairy potential. Moreover, according to its gross composition (fat, protein, lactose, SNF and total solids percentages being 4.26, 3.62, 4.84, 9.02 and 13.28, respectively), Barela milk appears particularly rich compared to literature data. A long term monitoring, notably throughout the lactation, could be a good opportunity to assess ...
Veli Sel1, Isa Yilmaz2,* and Mete Yanar3
...t (SCC) in the farms of Anatolian water buffalos in Igdir. For this purpose, a total of 637 milk samples gathered from 91 animals raised in 54 farms were analyzed and statistically evaluated. The age and education level of the farmers and the effect of the milker on the SCC were found to be significant (P <0.001). SCC value (65.930 ± 2.484 cells/ml) was found to be the lowest when the milker is the person from the ...
Tasbihullah1, Sadeeq ur Rahman2,*, Tariq Ali3 , Umer Saddique1, Shakoor Ahmad1, Muhammad Shafiq4, Sultan Ayaz2, Hamayun Khan1, Ijaz Ahmad1 Asadullah2, Raheela Taj5, Hafiz Nidaullah6 and Alamgir Khan7
...samples from human were analyzed. Results showed that out of 80 E. coli isolates recovered from eggs, 20 (25%) were found to be ESBL-producers, while, of the 17 human-isolates, 4 (23.5%) were ESBL producers. PCR revealed that blaCTXM (blaCTXM-1=15 and blaCTXM-9=4) was carried by all 22 (91.6%) ESBL-producers with additional blaSHV2 (n=12) and b...
Saeed Murtaza1, Abdul Sattar1*, Nasim Ahmad1, Muhammad Ijaz2, Maqsood Akhtar3 and Muhammad Shahzad4
...ing from group-3 due to unavoidable circumstances. Oxytocin was administered to each buffalo twice daily @10IU and 30IU into group-2 and group-3 respectively, whereas, saline into group-1 within one week of post calving for 48 days. Ultrasonography was performed twice a week to monitor involution changes while milk composition analysis was done once a week. Results depicted that initially, anechoic lumen filled areas with ec...
Nazia Qamar1,2*, Sher Khan Panhwar2 and Wang Ping1
... changes of population dynamics of high valued shrimp species Exopalaemon styliferus (112), Metapenaeus monoceros (265), Parapenaeopsis stylifera (688) collected from September 2017 to April 2018 by Estuarine Set Bagnet are discussed. High linearity (>0.8) among parameters was estimated by fitting a liner model and a negative allometric growth pattern in E. styli...
Ahmet Ozer Sehirli1,2, Serkan Sayiner3*, Ayliz Velioglu-Ogunc4, Nedime Serakinci5, Emel Eksioglu-Demiralp6, Berrak Yegen7, Feriha Ercan8 andGoksel Sener2
...e treatment of chronic renal failure (CRF) with and without the presence of N-acetylcysteine (NAC). The renal mass of Wistar albino rats was reduced at a rate of 5/6. Captopril, Valsartan and NAC were applied intra-peritoneal alone or in combinatio...
Babar Khan1,2 *, Nazir Javed1, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Nasir Ahmed Rajput1, Muhammad Atiq1, Abdul Jabbar1, Abdul Rehman3, Anam Moosa1 and Muhammad Amjad Ali1*
...borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) and armyworm (Spodoptera litura)at 27±2°C under laboratoryconditions. The results indicated that the larvae of G. mellonella and S. litura were better host as compared to P. gossypiella and L. orbonalis for multiplication of infective juveniles (IJs) of the S. kraussei. Four different concentrations(50, 100, 200 and 500 IJs) of tested EP...
Weigeng Wen1,2,3, Xu Chen1,2,3, Wang Zhao1,2,3, Qibin Yang1,2,3, Jian G. Qin4 and Zhenhua Ma1,2,3,*
... pond-reared female Penaeus monodon after unilateral eyestalk ablation. A total of 240 females (57.0-143.3g) were used as broodstocks in a continuous three-year breeding experiment. After unilateral eyestalk ablation, the relationships of egg and nauplii at the first spawning event and female bodyweight were evaluated. At each spawning, a female could produce 120000-1250000 eggs which hatched into 80,000-950,000
Ertuğrul Kul*
...eld (TDMY) records from Anatolian buffaloes calved during 2014-2017 raised under different farm conditions in Amasya Province, Turkey. Five different lactation curve models such as Wood (WOD), Cobby and Le Du (CLD), Exponential (EXP), Parabolic Exponential (PEXP) and Quadratic (QUA) models were used. The adjusted multiple coefficient of determination (R2adj) and the residual standard deviation (R...
Sumaira Akram1, Sajid Aleem Khan1*, Nazir Javed1 and Saeed Ahmad2
...ents can be used in combination against MG infestation on wheat.
...
Jiao Qin,Qian-Qian Su and Quan-Sheng Liu*
...enticides in southern China. Fertility control is considered as an alternative strategy for management of this pest. Cabergoline can inhibit prolactin (PRL) secretion and was applied in fertility control for animal, however, the physiological and behavioral mechanisms of cabergoline as a sterilant in practice remain little known. This study determined the effects of different doses of cabe...
Reda Mohamed1, 2
...as the first branch originating at different levels from the abdominal aorta in ruminants. In most cases, the celiac artery originated independently, while in few cases it originated by a celiacomesenteric trunk with the cranial mesenteric artery. The branches of the celiac trunk in rumina
Asmaa A. Darwish
...cally and statistically analyzed. A significant (P< 0.05) microcytic hypochromic anemia was observed in the PG and AG while, EG suffered from a macrocytic hyperchromic anemia. On contrast, a neutrophilic leukocytosis and lymphocytopenia was described in the three diseased groups. Biochemically, a significant (P< 0.05) increase in total protein, globulin, liver enzymatic activities, kidney function tests, total lipids, triglycerides, MMP-2 and MMP-9 conce...
Kenneth Nnamdi Anueyiagu*, James Jingmang Kopmut, Chrysantus Achi Lagi and Kelly Nkem Okoh
...to determine the rate of nasal carriage of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among students in a college of animal health and production and livestock in the College Farm. 160 nasal swab samples taken from 130 students from three schools of the college and 30 livestock comprising sheep, goats, and cows between October 2017 and April 2018. Samples were enriched in peptone water broth, incubated at 37oC for 24...
Shazia Mansoor1, Muhammad Sohail2*, Saima Aslam3 and Muhammad Nauman ul Islam4
... of Balkhi lambs and pregnant Balkhi ewes at The University of Agriculture, Peshawar Dairy Farm Malakandair. Balkhi sheeps (n=30) were purchased from the market. They were kept for ninety days including 10 days for adaptation. Animals were divided into three groups such that each group contain ten animals i.e. group A (NRC recommended diet), group B (4% more CP and 2% more TDN), and group C (conventional grazing). Weekly bod...
Mustafa Boğa1, Kerim Kürşat Çevik2* and Aykut Burgut3
...ing, and number of insemination (ratio) on cattle milk yield (last seven days in average). For this purpose, the milk yields of 156 Holstein Friesian cattle were investigated according to different age, lactation, calving and insemination associated parameters. Optimum values in literature were organized by an expert in establishing classification data. The expert determined the classes of the outputs data (average milk) thr...
Riffat Sultana1, Nuzhat Soomro1,*, Santosh Kumar2, Ahmed Ali Samejo1 and Samiullah Soomro1
...s Oxya and Oxyina bidentata (Willemse, 1925) of Oxyina were examined under laboratory conditions. Significant differences were found in the sizes and shapes of the pods. Beside this, number of eggs in each egg pod, distribution pattern and weight, length and width of eggs in the pods were also noted. Eggs pods of Oxya species were cylindrically elongated, large, slightly bent in the middle and rou...
Anila Naz Soomro1*, Hiroshi Suzuki2, Sadaf Tabassum Qureshi3 and Wazir Ali Baloch1
...o atyid shrimps Caridina sakishimensis and Caridina typus along the continuum of Urabaru stream. Study was carried out to clearly outline the life cycle of an endangered atyid C. sakishimensis and its co-existing species C. typus. Entire continuum of stream was divided into five stations (St.1, St. 2, St. 3, St. 4 and St. 5). Monthly sampling was carried out using a scoop net (1 × 1 mm) via ...
Aouicha Djebroune1*, Aissa Mokabli1, Miloud Hammache2 and Gahdab Chakali2
... spp. was studied. Final population of cysts, eggs and juveniles / kilogram of soil increased significantly in the variety Desiree compared to the initial population. A significant decrease was noticed in the variety Kondor. However, the variety Spunta did not show significance between the final and initial nematodes population. The effect of these nematodes on the tuber yield of various potato varieties was also studied...
Daniel Cocan1, Vioara Mireşan1, Florentina Popescu1, Radu Constantinescu1, Aurelia Coroian1, Călin Laţiu1, Romulus Valeriu Flaviu Turcu3, Alexandru Ştefan Fărcăşanu3 and Cristian Martonos2,*
...mall;">In this study we analysed the shape and topography of venomous glands in Brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) through MRI investigations. The main reason of this investigation was to provide a better understanding of the defence mechanism of this species. The presence, topography and structure of venomous glands made brown bullhead one of the top invasive species spreading its habitat worldwide. The specimens were collected from Stejeriş Lake, Cl...
Zhi Yi Jin and Shao Ming Qin*
...ke, Jiangxi Province, China at landscape and micro-habitat scales, from November 2017 to March 2018 and November 2018 to March 2019. At landscape scale, the main foraging habitats of this species include woodlands and farmlands. The largest proportion of woodland in the habitats was 88.70%. Proportion of shoals in foraging habitats at 500-m, 1000-m, 1500-m and 5000-m scales were larger than that in control plots, indicating that the presence of shoals is an im...
Syed Basit Rasheed*, Ahmad Yar, Farrah Zaidi and Qaisar Jamal
...ra and three subfamilies namely Formicinae, Myrmicinae and Dolichoderinae were identified during the present study. Myrmicinae was the most diverse subfamily with five genera (Crematogaster, Meranoplus, Messor, Monomorium and Pheidole) and 11 species (Crematogaster subnuda, Meranoplus bicolor, Messor i...
Mehtap Bayir*
...u and their orthologs. Finally, highly conserved gene synteny was determined between fugu sod genes and their orthologs from teleost fish and human.
...
Boxin Dou, Ying Liu*, Yumeng Liu, Lili Fan, Yongqiang Ma, and Yanguo Shi
... RB proteins were fractionated and the new ACE inhibitory triplet was isolated and identified. The amino acid sequence of the ACEI was identified as Ile-Thr-Leu or Leu-Thr-Ile. In vitro, ACE inhibition assays showed that the IC50 value of the peptide was 0.0118 mg.ml-1. The inhibitory activity of the peptide slightly increased after incubation with gastrointestinal proteases. It was re...
Asad Ali Khaskheli1*, Gulfam Ali Mughal1, Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli2, Gul Bahar Khaskheli3, Allah Jurio Khaskheli2 and Arshad Ali Khaskheli1
Meriem Msaad Guerfali1,*, Heitham Hamden1, Salma Fadhl1, Wafa Djobbi1, Lotfi Sillini1, Wafa Marzouki1 and Mohammed Ammar2
...lathion as main conventional control method. Malathion upon repeated and prolonged use may cause resistance. In an attempt to reduce the insecticide residues in fruit, the government is trying to introduce the application of spinosad that was also reported to cause resistance under extensive use. The aim of this work was to monitor the susceptibility to malathion after prolonged use in wild caught tunisian
Jiantong Feng, Xueping Wen, Yahong Guo, Yingying Ye*, Jiji Li and Baoying Guo
...he coastal regions of China. In order to characterize the genetic diversity and population structure of M. lamarckii, a 750 bp region of mitochondrial COIII gene and an 822 bp region of 12S rRNA gene were sequenced and analyzed for 118 and 105 individuals from five populations (ZS, WZ, ZP, ST and ZJ) in the Southeast coastal areas of Chi
Housh Muhammad Solangi1, Javaid Ali Gadahi1*, Mansoor Tariq2, Bachal Bhutto1, Zubair Ahmed Laghari1, Jamila Soomro3, Taufeeq Ahhmed Khosa1 and Abdullah G Arijo1
...de parasite of small ruminants producing the economic losses. The present study was conducted to explore the immunogenic properties of H. contortus crude proteins (HcCP). Protein profile of HcCP was checked by SDS PAGE and immunogenic proteins were recognized by the antisera produced by using the HcCP as antigen. Infective stage of the H. contortus (L3) was used for the challenge infection. Protein band pattern ranging from 10 to 170 kDa was obse...
Gulnaz Afzal1, Ghulam Mustafa2*, Shakila Mushtaq3 and Amer Jamil4
...nd 100% of subsequently analyzed specimens were identified up to their species levels. Such outcomes establish the potential of CO1 as a rapid identification tool and for phylogenetic relationships of spiders. Despite being sympatric species, the origin and diversification of Araneid fauna in wheat fields are remarkably distinguished which may help to understand the biology, biogeography and the long-standing controve...
Muhammad Waseem, Tariq Mahmood*, Abid Hussain, Abdul Hamid, Faraz Akrim, Shaista Andleeb and Hira Fatima
...recorded with an altitudinal variation of habitat ranging from 1511m to 2570m elevation including 17 dens and 44 scats of the bear from 10 different sampling sites. The sign density of black bear ranged between 17/km² (Paris MRF site) and 1.2/km² (Sharan site). Sign density was high in habitats having thick, dense and broad-leaved forest with steep slopes having the water resource/s. Sightings of the bear were the highest in the month of July (32%), ...
Yunfang Tian, Zeqin Fu, Jiantong Feng, Yahong Guo, Yingying Ye*, Jiji Li and Baoying Guo
...he coastal regions of China. However, the previous studies of genetic information about M. meretrix were vague. None integrated research to reveal the population genetic and structure of M. meretrix in China from north to south. In this study, we investigated the genetic variation of seven location samples distributing the China coastline from north to south by mitochondrial ...
Amit Sharma1* and Pankaj Sood2
..., biochemical and functional damage to the spermatozoa leading to reduced motility, viability, impaired transport and fertility. Caprine sperms are extremely sensitive to cryopreservation compared to other species which is mainly attributed to the compositional variation of the sperm plasma membrane. Different factors affect affects the semen cryopreservation viz. species, breed, semen collection technique, collection seaso...
Lei Gao1, Gong-xue Jia2, Zheng-yuan Huang1, Ming-xing Yue3, Chao Zhang1, Shi-en Zhu1 and Xiang-wei Fu1,*
...tant early embryos. Germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes were first cultured to monitor the progression of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and polar body extrusion (PBE) during in vitro maturation (IVM), then the harvested metaphase II (MII) oocytes were parthenogenetically activated to evaluate pronuclear (PN) formation of parthenogenetic embryo and embryo development. The cytoplasmic maturation was examined by measuring ...
Seval Dernekbasi* and Emin Karatas
...uate the effects of alternate cycled feeding regime with diets including different oil sources on fatty acid profiles and growth performances of rainbow trout. Seven trials were implemented; fish oil trial [FO; continuously fed by diet with fish oil (FO)], canola oil trial [CO; continuously fed by diet with canola oil (CO)], safflower oil trial (SFO; continuously fed by diet with safflower oil (SFO)], mixture oil trial (CSFO; continuously fed by diet containin...
Muhammad Yahya1, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Imtiaz Sarwar1, Khurram Shehzad2, Muhammad Luqman3 and
Sher Muhammad Shahzad2
...oil quality and on the dynamics of edaphic (soil-dwelling) arthropods. This study determined the quality status of soils under different land-use categories (i.e. agricultural crop land, orchard land and natural uncultivated land) and different land-use types (i.e. sugarcane, fodder and rice-wheat fields, intercropped and non-intercropped citrus and guava orchards, natural gr...
Asim Faraz*
...>) calves in intensive management system (IMS) and extensive management system (EMS) in Thal desert, Punjab Pakistan. Twelve male and female calves were divided into two comparable groups of six each containing three males and three females. The first group calves were fed concentrate @ 1 kg/h/d plus crop residues of gram (Cicer arientinum) ad libitum while in second group calves were allowed grazing/browsing f...
Saima Sharif*, Farkhanda Manzoor, Tasnim Farasat, Shaugfta Naz and Raheela Tabasum
... 2014 in Services and Jinnah Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 150 subjects were included in this study, divided into ischemic stroke group (n=100) and control (n=50). Kidney function estimation was done using serum creatinine and blood urea along with eGFR calculation by MDRD equation. Kidney dysfunction was defined as eGFR of <60 ml/min/1.73m2. Statistical analysis was donedone by using SPSS. The serum creatinine of...
Ihsanullah Kakr1, Sarwar Khan2, Khalid Khan3* and Sajjad Ahmed1
...re selected. The questionnaire was developed for survey of Camel farmers and information regarding the age of respondent, experience, type of community, feeding/watering pattern of camels, prevailing camel diseases in the area, treatment facilities, traditional remedies used by them against various diseases in camels and economic losses were collected. A total of one thousand and forty (n=1040) camel owners/respondents from ...
Muhammad Asif Farooq1*, Muhammad Jalal Arif1, Muhammad Dildar Gogi1, Bilal Atta2 and Ahmad Nawaz1
...tify;">Integrated pest management (IPM) relies on a merger of rational practices and always considered as an effective and environment-friendly approach to managing pests. The present study was conducted at different locations in the Multan District, Punjab Province, Pakistan for two consecutive years 2016-17 to devised four IPM modules (PRMM-1, PRMM-2, PRMM-3, and PRMM-4) for mango to eva...
Hamza Rehman*, Nida Ahmad Khan, Asad Ali, Warda Batool and Kanwal Razzaq
...control of Trogoderma granarium under laboratory conditions. The insecticides were tested at four different concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2ppm). Mortality of insects was documented after 24, 48 and 72 hours. Abbot’s formula was used to determine the corrected mortality. At 2ppm concentration thiamethoxam and imidacloprid provided 87.57% and 78.59% mean mortality of khapra larvae on treated filter paper after 72 hours respectively. On treated wheat, th...
Muhammad Ramzan, Unsar Naeem-Ullah*, Mahreen Hanif, Muhammad Nadeem, Mirza Abdul Qayyum, Muhammad Javaid
...f Plutella xylostella on natural diet. The study revealed that incubation period of eggs varies from 3.2-4.3 hours. There are four larval instars of Plutella xylostella. The first, second, third and fourth instar larva survived for 3-5,3,1-4 and 2-3 days respectively while pupal and prepupal period lasted for 5-3 days, respectively. Adults lived for 4 to 5 days and life period under laboratory condition varies from 13 to 23 days. ...
Bo Gao1,2, Fengmei Yang3, Wei Chen2, Xiaojia Song4, Xiaobo Liu5 and Dongmin Li1*
...R1) in common tumor malignancies, and evaluate the prognostic value of MDR1 expression in common malignancies. mRNA relative expression levels of MDR1 were detected byreal-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in tumor, adjacent, and non-cancerous tissues. The tumor markers were detected with COBAS 6000. The prognostic value of relative M...
Savas Atasever*, Ali Vaiz Garipoglu and Huseyin Erdem
... different feeding and management practices on milk production and traits in Jersey crossbred cows. A total of 78 smallholder dairy farms in the Middle Black Sea region province of Turkey was investigated by raw milk composition (fat (F), protein (P), lactose (L)), density (D), freezing point (FP), somatic cell count (SCC) and daily milk yield (DMY) according to the different feeding applications (grazing (G), silage usage (S), compound feed usage (C), number ...
Muhammad Rizwan Ashraf1, Asif Nadeem1,2, Eric Nelson Smith3, Maryam Javed1, Utpal Smart3, Tahir Yaqub4, Abu Saeed Hashmi1 and Panupong Thammachoti3
...le="font-size: larger;">Snakes are one of the most dangerous animals with over 40 species of venomous snakes found in Pakistan. One such group of snakes belongs to genus Echis is saw scaled viper (Ehcis carinatus). Molecular techniques have made it easy to elucidate phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary hi...
Ali Asghar1*, Tariq Mukhtar1, Muhammad Usman Raja1 and Asim Gulzar2
.../i> and Ralstonia solanacearum were studied on chili singly and in combinations. Significant effects of M. javanica and R. solanacearum and their interaction were observed in case of shoot and root lengths and weights of chili. The mean lengths and weights of shoot and root varied significantly as a result of both the pathogens applied singly and in combi
Peimin Yang*, Zongyun Hu, Yixin Liu, Guanghai Jin and Lei Wang
... species in Euroasia, is natively distributed in Northeast Asia and has been recognized as a candidate for aquaculture in northeast China. To investigate the genetic variability and population structure of this species in its native range, we analysed variation in the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cyt b) for 94 specimens collected from five location...
Larysa Kladnytska1, Anatoliy Mazurkevych1, Natalia Bezdieniezhnykh2, Oleg Melnyc1, Sergiy Velychko3, Mykola Malyuk1, Vasyl Danilov1, Yuriy Kharkevych1 and Magdalena Gryzinska4*
...dy was immunophenotypic analysis of mesenchymal stem cells from dog adipose tissue during in vitro cultivation. Materials and Methods: Mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from dog adipose tissue by explant method. The cells were cultured in CO2 incubator by standard procedure. Expression of cytoplasmic and membrane proteins on dog stem cells from fat tissue at the IVth and Xth passages was examined by immunohistochemical metho...
Amjad Usman1*, Arshad Khan1, Ruidar Ali Shah2 and Toheed Iqbal3
.... dorsalis) at A.R.I. Tarnab, Peshawar, Pakistan during spring 2017 in randomized complete block design with three replications. Trichome study was also carried out to know the type of trichomes responsible for resistance. Results revealed that genotypes differed significantly in response to S. dorsalis populations. S. dorsalis infestation started on April 3rd and peak population (11.73+0.55) was noted on May 1st on Bambino then population declined in the proc...
Saima Asad1*, Irfan Ahmad Baig2, Abdul Saboor3 and Rashid Mahmood4
...nequality in uni-dimensional and multidimensional spectrum in agro-climatic zones of Punjab and their representative districts by using cross sectional data of HIES/PSLM of last 10 years from 2005-2006 to 2015-16. By developing an axiomatic framework 3 most widely used inequality measures (Gini-coefficient, Atkinson Measure and Generalized Entropy Index) have been estimated for uni-dimensi...
Arjumand Nizami1, Muhammad Zulfiqar2*, Jawad Ali1, Naushad Khan2 and Imran Sheikh3
... climate change, water management for agriculture encompasses all technologies and practices leading to water productivity enhancement to address increasing irrigation water demand and declining water resources. One of such technology known as laser land leveling was introduced in Pakistan in 1980s. More recent introduction is of another water efficient technique known as The Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) technology evo...
Bahadar Sher Khattak1, Muhammad Kaleem1, Waqas2*, Humaira Naz1 and Muhammad Yasir3
...erviews. After the data analysis, it was found that the majority of the respondents (83.3%) who were small farmers acquired and utilized micro-credit in establishing income generating entrepreneurs, purchased quality seeds, fertilizers and small scale modern technology. These innovations brought substantial enhancement in their farm productivity and income that ultimately improved those farmers’ socioeconomic position. However, 16.7% of the respondents&r...
Hina Maryam1, Muhammad Ather Rafi2, Ahmed Zia1, Ghulam Rasul3, Muhammad Kamal Sheikh3*, Muhammad Qasim4 and Gulnaz Parveen5
... for apricot insect pollinators during apricot blossom period (early March) from Gilgit, Ghizer, Hunza-Nagar and Skardu. Total 18 species of 14 genera under seven families of orders Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera were identified. Order Diptera was represented by family Syrphidae with four species under three genera. Order Hymenoptera represented four families i.e. Apidae with six species under four genera; Halictidae with two species under two genera; Me...
Shilong Chen1,2, Shifeng Xiao1,2, Shao Wang1,2, Fengqiang Lin1,2, Xiaoxia Cheng1,2, Xiaoli Zhu1,2, Dandan Jiang1,2, Shaoying Chen1,2* and Fusong Yu3*
Jing Zhang1,2, Xin Wang2, Yun Zhao2, Yongcheng Jin2, Yongfeng Zhou2, Junmei Wang2, Yurong Fu2, Rui Wang2, Ruihua Li2, Hengtong Fang2 and Hao Yu2,*
...otoxins can cause intestinal dysfunction and mucosal immune disorders, the effect of zearalenone (ZEA) on intestinal mucosal function remains controversial. We aimed to explore the effects of short-term ZEA exposure on the mucosal barrier function in the colon. We found that the morphology of colonic mucosa in mice was normal after ZEA was administered by gavage for one week, the mR
Muhammad Zamin1*, Abdullah Khan1, Ibadullah Jan1, Fazli Rabbi2, Shahen Shah3, Rashid Ali1, Kaleem Ullah1 and Muhammad Amin4
...dy was conducted at National Agriculture Research Council (NARC) Islamabad, in May to August 2018. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 10 treatment combinations of nitrogen (0, 100, 200, 400 kg ha-1), Potash (0, 100, 200, 400 kg ha-1) and other combinations (200N + 100K kg ha-1, ...
Gong Ga1,2 and SuoLang Sizhu2,*
...lso highly endemic in China. However, information is lacking on the prevalence of HEV infection in swine in Tibet of China, where raw pork and mixed farming of different species of domestic animals are consumed traditionally. In this study, 173 serum samples of Tibetan swine were tested for anti-HEV IgM and IgG antibodies by the ELISA. HEV R
Xuhui Zhang1, Zhiyuan Sun2, Jinfeng Cai1, Guibin Wang1, Zunling Zhu1, Linguo Zhao3 and Fuliang Cao1,*
... percentage of the abdominal fat, sarcous fat and lactic acid (LD) for FR groups were significantly decreased. Birds had significantly higher water holding capacity (WHC) when they were provided with the FR3 diet. Moreover, serum glutathione (GSH) and α-tocopherol (α-TOH) contents in the FR groups were increased, while, levels of total cholesterol (TC), malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and hepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in FR groups were ...
Aftab Shaukat1,*, Sana Hanif2, Irfan Shaukat3, Muhammad Ahsan Naeem4,5, Shadab Shaukat6, Rizwan Shukat8, Shahid Ali Rajput9, Imran Shaukat10, Mubashar Hassan4, Khalid Mehmood7, Saqib Umar11 and Muhammad Ali Jamil1
...ene regulator, computational strategies are still at its initial stages. Several computer based prediction databases remain the only foundation for rapid identification of putative microRNA target. By utilizing experimentally validated targets, the search of further targets via bioinformatics tools help to predict gene target site. Keeping this in view, a study has been planned to investig...
Dongping Liu1, Guogang Zhang1, Chao Wang2, Baoping Qing2 and Jun Lu1,*
...n has been confined to a narrow band in transborder area of Yangxian, Chenggu and Xixiang County of Shaanxi Province, Central China, on the south slope of the Qinling Mountains. During 2004-2005, 23 crested ibises were experimentally reintroduced to an isolated basin in Qinling Mountains, where they and their offspring exhibited breeding variation never observed in wild population in the following 9 breeding seasons. Crested...
Naseeb Ullah1, Assad Ur Rehman1, Aamir Khan1, Rabia Noushin2, Shahid Naiz Khan1, Syed Ishtiaq Anjum1, Sajida Afzal1, Asma Naseem1, Kenza Javed1, Ujala Rauf1 and Kalim Ullah1*
...ock (large and small ruminants) from December 2017 to April 2018 to examine the prevalence of FMD. The current study indicated that overall FMD in Livestock was 14.31% with 16.37% in small ruminants and 12% in large ruminants. A significant difference in sero-positivity was observed in small, young and adult of both small and large ruminants. The sero-po...
Yan-Guo Han, Jia-Yuan Wu, Ri-Su Na, Wei-Jiang Si, Yu-Qin Han, Yan Zeng, Yong-Ju Zhao and Yong-Fu Huang*
...ize: small;">This study analysed the effect of novel oral and plasmid-injected KISS1 DNA vaccines on immunocastration and in inhibiting mutton odour of male goats. In this study, 20 male goats aged eight weeks were randomly divided into the oral and plasmid-injected KISS1. DNA vaccine groups (groups T1 an...
Pushpa1, Nighat Seema Soomro1, Shahla Karim Baloch2, Mehmooda Buriro1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Muhammad Tahir Khan3, Qamar Uddin Jogi1*, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1 and Farheen Deeba Soomro1
... of weed species on germination and seedling traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Wheat varieties Amber and TJ83 were subjected to powder of Chenopodium album, Convolvulus arvensis and Avena fatua under three different treatments i.e. 25, 50 and 75g. The effect of these weed powders on seed germination (%), shoot length (cm), root length (cm), shoot fresh weight (g), root fresh weight (...
Muhammad1*, Muhammad Suleman Bacha2 and Syed Akhtar Ali Shah1
... economy is key to sustainable urban waste management planning. The goal is to reduce the environmental damages, enhance food supply, increase employment opportunities and broke the vicious circle of poverty. This study performs a focalized analysis and investigates the influencing factors of urban farmers’ Willingness to Pay (WTP) for organic fertilizer in District Mardan, Pakistan....
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Anam Sarwar2, Muhammad Junaid1, Mirza B. Baig3, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel4 and R. Kirby Barrick5
...g needs of EFS in the scenario of climate change. A descriptive survey research method was employed in this census study. There were 147 working EFS and 130 of them participated in the study. A well-defined structured interview schedule was designed for data collection. The Borich Needs Assessment Model was applied on Microsoft Excel sheets to identify the training needs of EFS, and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 used for additio
Saeed Ahmed Shah Chishti1, Saba Aleem1*, Iram Sharif2, Kashif Nadeem1, Nusrat Parveen1 and Muhammad Najeebullah1
... along with two indeterminate tomato varieties saandal and sahel were tested in two minimum night temperature conditions 12.5-23°C and 2-7.5°C. Tomato yield per plant, yield per cluster, number of fruits per cluster, fruit weight and fruit diameter were significantly improved by the application of 4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid. Highest yield per plant 13.50 kg was recorded with the application of 75 ppm in 4- chlorophenoxy acetic acid twicely when the mi...
Mohammad Ejaz1, Salma Javed2, Muhammad Hamza1, Sadia Tabassum2, Muhammad Abubakar3, Irfan Ullah4*
... as compared to the original products. Fungal endophytes are the most commonly used endophytes for the isolation of various different types of bioactive molecules. These bioactive molecules can be used as antimicrobial, antibacterial and anticancer agents. Fungal endophytes like Taxomyces andreanae isolated from Yew plant have the potential to produce an anti-cancer compound called Paclitaxel. Other different fungal e...
Noor-us-Sabah1*, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Ghulam Sarwar1 and Sher Muhammad2
...t study. After chemical analysis, different organic amendments were used in the study. Following treatments were applied in three replicates i.e. T1- control (recommended NPK), T2- ½ of recommended NPK, T3- full dose of FYM, T4- full dose of press mud, T5- full dose of compost, T6- full dose of poultry manure, T7- full dose of sesbania green manure, T8- T2 + ½ FYM, T9- T2 + ½ press mud, T10- T2 + ½ compost, T11- T2 + ½ poultr...
Attique Ahmed1, Tariq Sultan1, Ghulam Qadir2, Obaid Afzal2*, Mukhtar Ahmed5, Shamim-Ul-Sibtain Shah3, Muhammad Asif4, Safdar Ali2 and Muhammad Zeeshan Mehmood2
...ield. However, in farm management practices genotype and environmental conditions may also affect the growth and nutrient uptake. PGPR and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) in combination with synthetic fertilizers can enhance crop productivity and soil fertility. Present experiment aimed to investigate the effect of PGPR and PSB inoculation with T1 Control (Recommended NP), T2 (PGPR-1 + PSB + ¾ N + ¾ P),T3...
Arfan Ahmed Gilal1*, Lubna Bashir1, Muhammad Faheem2, Asad Rajput1, Junaid Ahmed Soomro1, Saifullah Kunbhar1, Abdul Samad Mirwani1, Tanzeela-ul-Zahra1, Ghulam Sarwar Mastoi3 and Jam Ghulam Mustafa Sahito4
...maging to corn. Although native to American continents, it has spread in various African and Asian countries. However, no confirmed report of its presence has been made from Pakistan as it has already been reported from its neighbors India and China. So, this study was conducted in 15 corn growing areas of Sindh, Pakistan to determine the presence and damage status of FAW on fodder and grain corn along with sorghum and mille...
Fazli Ahad1, Raziuddin1, Nazir Ahmad1,2*, Muhammad Nauman1, Touheed Iqbal3, Nabeel Khan1, Fazli Hameed4 and Quaid Hussain2
...ight (7.3 g). Cross combinations CA5 × DH6, CA5 × DH7, CA2 × DH7 and CA5 × DH3 showed potential performance for pods main raceme-1 (80.9), pod length (8.2 cm), seeds pod-1 (25.7), 1000-seed weight (7.8 g) and seed yield plant-1 (18.4 g). All the studied traits showed moderate (>30%) to high (>60%) broad sense heritability coupled with maximum genetic advance in F3 populations, hence indicated that selection could be effective in t...
Adewumi Olubusuyi Moses1,2*, Faleye Temitope Oluwasegun Cephas,1,3, Ope-Ewe Oludayo Oluwaseyi1, Ibitoye Ibipeju Henrietta1, Arowosaye Abiola Opeyemi1, Adelowo Oluwatosin Deji1 and Adeniji Johnson Adekunle1,2,4
Zulfiqar Ali Abbasi1*, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Naimatullah Leghari2, Muhammad Ibrahim Keerio3, Ahmed Naqi Shah1 and Musrat Begum Abro1
...ed priming improves germination, crop stand and finally the yield. Two years field study was undertaken to assess the effect of primed seeds with different solutions and planting geometries on growth and yield of sunflower in agro-ecological conditions of Tandojam, Pakistan. The experiments were a randomized complete block design in factorial combination, replicated three times. An experi...
Nadia Mangrio1*, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Nihaluddin Mari3 and Zia-ul-Hassan Shah2
...10H2O). The statistical analysis of pooled data of two years experiments indicated that growth, yield, quality and plant nutrients contents of sugarcane were affected appreciably (P<0.05) by Zn and B as judged to check plots. Zn at 15 kg ha-1 (soil applied) resulted in enhanced traits particularly cane yield (111.9 t ha-1), brix (23.1%), and plant nutrients content such as N (2.4 %), K (0.7 %), Zn (68.5 ug g-1) and B (31.7 ug g-1). Similarly, foliar applica...
Waqas Ahmad Shams1*, Gauhar Rehman1, Khurshaid Khan1, Ibrar Ahmad1, Saima Bibi1, Saif Ul Islam2, Dawood Safi1, Saba Gul Ayaz1
.... Its use by the traditional healers and animal therapists as a healthy calcium supplement and in healing of other injuries is also proven. In the present study, the diversity and abundance of crabs from Buner district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan were looked over, over a period of three years extending from June 2013 till June 2016, collected at different sampling points. Extensive surveys were conducted for three years at different timings during the activ...
Mubashar Hussain1*, Misbah Younas1,Muhammad Faheem Malik1, Muhammad Umar1, Maimoona Kanwal1, Moazama Batool2
...o explore the distributional patterns of dung beetle assemblages on local scales. The sampling was accomplished by surveying grassy fields, croplands, old dung piles and fresh dung pats from selected localesofSialkot during 2016. Specimens were collected by hand picking and cattle dung baited pitfall traps. Sixteen species representing three guilds i.e. Paracoprid (10 species), Endocoprid (4 species) and Telecoprid (02 species) were recorded. Onitis excavat...
Ahmad Naeem Shahzad1, Muhammad Kamran Qureshi2, Samee Ullah1, Muhammad Latif3, Shakeel Ahmad1 and Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari1*
...as noted in K+ and Na+ dynamics by trehalose application. In conclusion, trehalose plays a key role in survival of plants under elevated saline conditions. ...
Tahira Moeen Khan*, Irum Riaz, Shahida Hameed and Bushra Khan
...ngmuir) and adsorption dynamic kinetic studies were also conducted. The comparison between the FTIR, EDX and SEM of RDS and LMDS revealed that with lemon juice microwave activation of adsorbent there were activation of more active sites which in turn increased the removal efficiency. ...
Maria Khalid1, Tanveer Hussain1*, Zahid Farooq2, Kamran Abbas1 and Masroor Ellahi Babar1
...amily. The phylogenetic analysis also showed the genetic positioning of A. chukar with respect to other different reported species as well. The study gave us useful genomic information about genetic diversity in A. chukar and its phylogenetic relationships with related taxa, emphasizing on need of execution of conservation strategies to protect this unique genetic resource of Pakistan.
...
Mehmet Mamay1* and Ayşin Bilgili2
...ut in total of 10 pomegranate orchards in Central Şanlıurfa, Akçakale, Bozova, Harran, Hilvan, Siverek and Suruç counties of Şanlıurfa province in South-Eastern Region of Turkey in 2013 and 2014. Infestation rate of Carob Moth (CM) and Brown Spot Disease (BSD) were determined by controlling a total of 100 fruits from four different sides of randomly selected 25 trees from each orchard. In addition, 100 fruits infested with BSD were checked fo...
Masroor Ellahi Babar*
...with other mammals. The analyses of the sequence of 5︠ flanking region in various breeds reveals the presence of different polymorphic regions includes cysteine nucleotide deletion, AT bases insertion and transvertions (C>G; G>T). Deletion of A bases at c.1-1075 and hetrozygosity (CT) at the c1-1046 were analyzed along with some other SNPs are very important. These evidences points towards the change of expression of...
Samia Afzal*,Sadia Zahid, Iram Amin, Muhammad Shahid and Muhammad Idrees
...ravel associated febrile nature. An inexplicable paralyzing disease has trapped thousands of people in Karachi region of Pakistan and the symptomatology among suspected cases was compatible with Chikungunya fever. Thus Chikungunya outbreak was reported in Pakistan but actually the recent reports about the occurrence of Chikungunya outbreak in the southern region of Pakistan has been highly controversial. In order to further confirm the circulation of the virus...
Hifzulrahman1, Muhammad Abdullah1*, Muhammad Uzair Akhtar2, Jalees Ahmed Bhatti3, Muhammad Saadullah1 and Muhammad Naveed-ul-Haque2
...ual milk yield remained unaffected. The Ca-FA treatment increased the concentration of milk fat and milk fat yield by 3.5 and 11.2%, respectively, compared with the Ctrl. However, the Ca-FA treatment did not change the plasma urea nitrogen, glucose, and triglyceride, compared with the Ctrl. Similarly, the reproductive indices were not different between Ca-FA treatment versus Ctrl. In conclusion, the Ca-FA are useful to increase milk production and milk fat yie...
Wen Qin1,2, YanGan Huang1, Lei Wang1, Gonghua Lin1, Jundong Yang1,2, Pengfei Song1,2, Hongmei Gao1,2, Jingjie Zhang1,2 and Tongzuo Zhang1,3,*
...ch shows pronounced seasonal changes ranging from cold, dry winters to short, hot summers. The gut microbiota plays a very important role in host health, immunity, and digestion. Therefore, seasonal changes in gut microbiota can affect host digestion and metabolism in ways that help the host adapt to different forage conditions. Understanding the relationship between seasonal variations in...
Renlong Lv1*, Ken-Ichi Horiguchi2, Shin-Ichi Tagawa3, Shoichi Ichihara4 and Norio Yoshida5
... liver function, and ruminal fermentation in sheep fed heat-treated jatropha meal. The experiment was performed twice (experiment I and II). The subjects were 6 wethers. They were divided into two treatments (rapeseed diet and jatropha diet) randomly and were tested by using a cross over method. Rapeseed meal and jatropha meal were relaced to the feed as a concentrate with proportion of 5% in experiment I and 10% in experiment II. The ingestion rate of sheep f...
Grigory Antonovich Nozdrin1*, Regina Gabdrahmanovna Utkina2, Anastasia Aleksandrovna Lelyak2 and Yana Viktorovna Novik1
... and morphometry of internal organs were assessed. No toxic effect of the experimental sample (Vetom 20.76) was observed during the experiment. The fowl in the experimental groups had positive dynamics on the weight gain, growth, and development even at the dosage of the preparation of 5,000 µl/kg. During the general autopsy, no pathologic changes of internal organs were observe...
Sikander Ali* and S. Wajiha Khalid
... a novel fungal exo-inulinase under liquid culture. Different fungal cultures were isolated and collected from various localities of Lahore and Murree (Punjab, Pakistan). Screening of these cultures was carried out in chemically defined medium i.e., 0.5 g/l (NH4)2SO4, 3 g/l KH2PO4, 1.5 g/l NaNO3, 0.01 g/l MgSO4.7H2O and 3 g/l inulin at pH 7. Kinetic parameters for comparing...
Expression Analysis of BMPR1B, BMP15, GDF9, Smad1, Smad5, and Smad9 in Rams with Different Fecundity
Weihao Chen1,2, Zhilong Tian2, Lin Ma2, Shangquan Gan3, Wei Sun1,4,* and Mingxing Chu2,*
...s, vas deferens, and adrenal gland in high fecundity (Small Tail Han sheep) and low fecundity (Sunite sheep) rams. The results were as follows: BMPR1B, GDF9, Smad1, Smad5 and Smad9 were expressed in all selected tissues, but BMP15 was specifically expressed in the epididymis. Further study indicated that the expression of BMPRIB in the brain, hypothalamus, pituitary, epididymis, and adre...
Jie Yang
...xtracellular-regulated kinase were detected. Finally, data analysed statistically to determine significantly differences among groups. Results showed that breakpoint cluster 2 was a direct target of miR-16, and the expression was negatively correlated. Moreover, miR-16 promoted apoptosis suppressing breakpoint cluster 2 through phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated ki
Peer Sikandar Shah1, Ghulam Nabi1, Maqsood Khan*1,2, Saddam Hussain1 and Jawad Ali Jan1
...re Research Institute Tarnab, Peshawar during spring season (March-june) 2016. Randomized Complete Block Design was used with split plot arrangement having three replications. The sponge gourd Luffa acutangula cultivars (Jaipuri and Dharidhar) were allotted to the main plot while organic and inorganic regimes (i.e. Control, NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium), FYM (Farmyard manure), FYM (half) + NPK (half), FYM (full) + NPK (half), FYM (full) + NPK (full)...
Asad Ullah1*, Umar Sadique2, Sultan Ayaz1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2 and Farhan Anwar Khan2
...The data obtained were finally analyzed statistically using chi squared test. The Mycobacterium was identified through ZN staining, culture and PCR. Out of 1608 milk samples, 60 (3.73%) were found positive for acid fast bacteria through ZN staining whereas the prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis was confirmed in 65 (4.04%) and 85 (5.29%) isolates through culture and PCR respectively. The zoonotic spread of M. bovis infection w...
Amjad Ali1*, Lal Almas2, Syed Attaullah Shah1, Hina Fatima3 and Asim Khan1
...p at province level was analyzed. A total of 299 sugarcane growers were interviewed in three main sugarcane growing districts (D.I. Khan, Malakand and Charsadda) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). Through a structured questionnaire, key questions were asked to gather data with respect to inputs utilization and socio-economic characteristics of selected sample of sugarcane growers. Using Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA), mean tech...
Qingzhan Ma1, Bo Wu1, Jianping Jiang2 and Zhaobin Song1,3*
... in Sichuan Province, China were studied to determine their genetic background and provide essential data for its artificial breeding. Eight microsatellite markers were used to analyze genetic characteristics of eight channel catfish populations (POPA, POPB, POPC, POPD, POPE, POPF, POPG, and POPH). The average polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.525 (POPD) to 0.733 (POPA) indicating high polymorphism (PIC >...
Quratulain1, Ata-ul-Mohsin1, Muhammad Naeem1, Ghulam Shabir1, Muhammad Khalid Rafique2 and Rashid Mahmood2*
... Faisalabad (AARI), National Agriculture Research Center Islamabad (NARC) and BARC Quetta. Experiments were planned as Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) which were replicated five times. The plot size was kept at 3.0 × 3.0 m, with ridge to ridge distance of 15 cm and 10 cm onion plant-to-plant distance on each ridge. Fertilization, irrigation, weeding and all other agronomic pr...
Saeed Fatima1, Khalid Javed Iqbal1, Usman Atique2,3*, Arshad Javid4, Noor Khan2, Sonia Iqbal2, Hamid Majeed5, Hamda Azmat2, Bakhat Yawar Ali Khan6, Irfan7, Muhammad Tausif Shahid1, Gulnaz Afzal1
...er sampled from Head Punjnad (HP), Pakistan during 2017. The likely reason for the selection of HP as a study target was its emergent prominence as an irrigation hub and holidaymakers spot largely for angling and feasting. The investigated five fish species are Ctenopharyngodon idella, Oreochromis niloticus, Eutropiichthys vacha, Rita rita and Sperata sarwari. The results divulged the pattern of metals concentration in fish i...
Muhammad Shuaib Khan1, Shakeeb Ullah1, Nisha. A.R2, Muhammad Umar3, Muhammad Inamullah Malik1*, Syed Muhammad Kamal Shah1, A. Zaman1, Shakir Ullah1, Imdad Ullah1, Sumera Ali Khan4
...s. By restoring proportionate sampling each group was comprised of 30 males 30 females. Animal’s owners were selected for the purpose of this study as the representative samples of the area by personal interviewing of respondents and observations regarding different pack animals i.e. camel, bull, horses/ mules and donkey. Score from female respondents by different pack animals i.e. camel, bull, horses/ mu...
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Annamaria Passantino2, Ayman Balla Mustafa3, Nasir Ali Tauqir4, Naeem Ullah Khan5, Muhammad Shahid Nabeel6
...es reared in intensive management system (IMS) by feeding two different dietary regimes. The study was conducted at camel breeding and research station (CBRS) Rakh-Mahni tahsil Mankera of district Bhakkar-Punjab, Pakistan. Ten male calves of 310±35 days of age were raised in stall-fed conditions. They were fed two isocaloric diets with different protein levels as 18% (G1) and 22% (G2). Regarding roughage proportion lucerne and gram crop residues were fe...
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Muhammad Mudasser Nazir2, Aneela Hameed3, Nasir Ali Tauqir4, Riaz Hussain Mirza1, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Rana Muhammad Bilal5
...itary releases a hormone named oxytocin (OT) that causes contraction of smaller ducts and myoepithelial cells surrounding the alveoli of mammary glands. The milking process is allowed to be managed by an exogenous OT by its vital role in neuro hormonal milk-ejection process. OT increases milk yield by
Saira Bano, Muhammad Naeem* and Samrah Masud
...h (PDW) For statistical analysis, regression was applied to the data. Fish fed with 25% dietary protein level under T3 showed good health status as compared to T1 and T2 with 15% and 20% dietary protein levels. Results of the research work indicated that L. calbasu reared by feeding 25%CP showed better health status. ...
Muhammad Shakeel1,2*, Salik Nawaz2, Yasar Saleem3, Shazia Shafique2, Ateeq Tahir2 and Muhammad Riaz2
...s were contacted by personal visits, telephone calls and distribution of the structured questionnaire. Information was collected from Punjab, Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhawa (KPK) provinces, Kashmir and Islamabad. A total of 167 farmers and amateurs growers, engaged in the cultivation of high value or medicinal crops were contacted. Out of these, 68 found as broccoli growers and most prob...
Stock Assessment of Two Parrotfish, Hipposcarus harid and Scarus ferrugineus in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Ahmad Osman Mal1 and Mohamed Hosny Gabr1,2,*
...were used for age determination and back calculations of length-at-ages. The growth parameters were estimated to be: the asymptotic length L∞ = 54.044 cm, the growth coefficient K = 0.168 year-1, and age at zero length to = -0.707 year for H. harid and L∞ = 51.238 cm, K = 0.170 year-1, and to = -0.889 year for S. ferrugineus. The total ‘Z’,
Salahud Din1,*, Saima Masood1, Hafsa Zaneb1, Habib ur Rehman2, Saima Ashraf1, Imad Khan3, Muqader Shah4 and Syed Abdul Hadi1
...rforming postmortem examination, the carcass of adult Chinkara of known sex and age was buried in the locality of the Manglot Wildlife Park and Ungulate Breeding Centre, Nizampur, Pakistan, after a specific period of time the bones were unearthed. Gross morpohological features and various osteometric parameters of the skull were studied in the University of Veterinary and Animal Sciencies, Lahore, Pakistan. The shape of the ...
Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Anwar Saeed Khan, Said Alam and Riyasat Sultan
...een a common and traditional practice. The present research aims to study the causes and mechanisms of seasonal migration, to find out the causes responsible for its decline and to bring in light the effects of modernization on transhumance in Village Utla, district Swabi. The study is based on questionnaire survey. In Utla only 40 households practice transhumance, and the present study co...
Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Muhammad Zubair Khan1, Ayesha Bibi2, Muhammad Shehzad Khan1*, Bashir Ahmad1
...ricide in different combinations on tomato plants. This research study was performed at Agricultural Research Institute, Tarnab, Peshawar-Pakistan. Different biochemical tests were conducted to confirm stem rot pathogen. Boron was applied at the rates of 1.97, 2.96 and 3.95 g seedbed-1. Plant extracts were neem (Azadirachta indica) and ghwaraskay (Dodonaea viscosa). Morphological traits su...
Rabia Iqbal, Muhammad Naeem*, Samrah Masud and Abir Ishtiaq
...l) for body composition analysis. Mean percent water, ash, fat and protein contents were ranged 80.55±0.94 to 80.55±0.94; 2.23±0.13 to 2.23±0.13, 5.85±0.55 to 6.63±0.97 and 10.59±1.67 to 11.93±1.67 in wet body weight of hybrid fish (Labeo rohita ♀ and Catla catla ♂), respectively, reared under different treatments. Mean water and fat contents showed highest percent values in T1 (15%CP), while ash and ...
Muhammad Safdar Hussain1*, Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz2, Muhammad Ayyoub Tanvir2 and Noor-E-Hira1
...ealth. In the current scenario of drought and gradual change in climate that can result in water stress for terrestrial vegetation, drought-resistant plants should be sorted out. The objective of this study was to explore the growth behavior of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (recommended for waterlogged areas) and Tamarix aphylla (recommended for arid regions) under water stress. Therefore, a pot experiment was carried out with three treatments: Well-watered, 25% an...
Umar Hayat1, Khalid Khan2, Saima Liaqat3 and Guo Xiangyu4*
...s study evaluated determinants of rice production in the district Nasirabad, Balochistan by employing Neo-Classical and Cobb-Douglas production functions. The findings of the study show that education, fertilizers, rent, training and total area under the rice crop (wetland), labor, capital, availability of input, and rice prices are the key components that leave a positive and noteworthy impact on rice production in the District. Nevertheless, physical capital...
Mubashir Mehdi1*, Muhammad Bilal Ahsan1, Burhan Ahmad1, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai2, Gulnaaz Hameed3 and Muhammad Asif4
... vertical relationship management and increasing pressure for certified and standardized products has pushed mango farms in Pakistan to acquire certifications like Global GAP. Workers’ working conditions and their basic rights can influence on sustainability of mango value chain system in Pakistan particularly under the guidelines of LO decent work agenda. Double-log regression model is used to assess the effects of de...
Akbar Hayat*, Muhammad Nawaz Khan, Ehsan Ul Haque, Ahmed Raza, Faheem Khadeeja
...n 2013. The statistical analysis of vegetative data from trial site shown good compatibility in term of scion/root stock ratio. Maximum plant height attained in T0(Rough lemon) with max. canopy volume. All the exotic root stocks are compatible with Feutrell’s early. Objectively maximum fruit weight, fruit size, juice percentage and yield obtained in T1 Troyer citrange and T2 Cox mandarin as compared to local root stock rough lemon. Results depict that ex...
Cornelius Arome Omatola*, Samson Daniel Iyeh, Shedrach James Abuh, Charles Kehinde Mofolorunsho, Martin-Luther Oseni Okolo and Phoebe Queen Akoh
...STIs) can complicate pregnancy and may be associated with adverse health outcomes for both the woman and her developing baby. Despite the serious health consequences of STIs, information is lacking regarding the magnitude of the disease in the study setting. This study investigated the prevalence of five major STIs (HIV, HBV, HCV, HSV-2 and syphilis) in asymptomatic women in Anyigba. Sera samples from a cross-section of 250 consenting preg
Indigenous Soilless Substrate Compositions Affect Growth, Yield and Quality of Cut Antirrhinum majus
Aqsa Ahmad1, Iftikhar Ahmad1* and Malik Fiaz Hussain Ferdosi2
...t (soil extracted from canal) and PM (1:1:1; v/v/v) substrate for seedling development and transplanted at the two to four leaf stage into lily crates with the treatment substrates. Plants grown in substrates containing SD + PH + PM (experiment I) indicated that plants grown in these soilless compositions died before flowering, while those grown in silt (control) performed best. While in experiment II, the highest quality plants were grown in 50% CC + 40% RH +...
Gulnaz Hameed1, Abdul Saboor1, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai2*, Ghaffar Ali2, Dawood Jan2 and Mansoor Rasheed3
...dressed is an empirical analysis of contribution of such initiatives in the welfare of masses through poverty reduction in the area. This research endeavor is designed to figure out the impact of one of such projects named as Azad Jammu and Kashmir Community Development (AJKCDP) through poverty estimation and exploring the correlates of poverty in AJ and K. Multistage sampling technique was used to draw a sample of 540 respo...
Min Lv1, Hui Gan2, Zhide Ruan1, Huizan Yang1, Rui Wang1, Laiba Shafique3, Huma Naz4 and Huawei Ma1,*
...ontents, longitudinal muscles, and body wall, and in suspended particles and sediment in the ponds. The effect of fish growth on metal concentrations was determined. Simultaneously, the correlations between heavy metal concentrations in suspended particles, sediment, and fish body wall were assessed. The Cd, Cr, and Hg concentrations in large intestines, small intestines, and intestine
Daniel Masood1, Noor Khan1*, Khalid Javed Iqbal2, Sadaf Dogar1, Abdul Hanan1, Sadia Nazir1, Sheeza Bano1, Azra Anwar2, Sameul A.M. Martin3 and Chris J. Secombes3
...ts with the cheaper alternative plant protein moringa meal (Moringa oleifera) on growth and body composition of Labeo rohita fingerlings. L. rohita (average weight 190.25±00g) were stocked randomly in glass aquaria for a 90 day feeding trial. Fish were fed twice daily with four different iso-nitrogenous diets at a feeding level of 3% of total biomass. The diets contained 26% crude protein in which moringa meal substituted soybean me...
Muhammad Usman Saleem, Nadeem Iqbal, Shawaiz Iqbal*, Usama Bin Khalid, Adila Iram, Muhammad Akhter, Tahir Latif and Tahir Hussain Awan
...earchers to develop alternated technology such as direct seeded rice (DSR). About 30% of total water used in rice cultivation is consumed for puddling of soil (land preparation) and transplanting operations. Physical properties of soils are deteriorating due to continued puddling over the decades, resulting in structural breakdown leads to a compacted layer (the plough plate) that acts as a barrier to the infiltration of water and causes temporary waterlogging...
Bin Huo1 and Xiaoyun Shen1,2,3*
...ra picticaudata) are native wildlife to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. During the past five years, Tibetan Gazelle have been affected by rickets and osteomalacia, characterized by emaciation, growth retardation, lameness,enlargement of the costochondral junctions and abnormal curvature in long bones. The aim of the study was to determine possible relationships between the illness and mineral deficiency. The present re...
Bilal Atta1*, Muhammad Rizwan1, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Muhammad Dildar Gogi2, Muhammad Sabar1, Bakhtawar3, Faizan Ali3 and Mehran Sarwar3
...s are often used to eliminate pest infestation in consignments. Phosphine is currently one and the only acceptable chemical used in stored grains, but due to their overuse, stored grain pests become resistant to this fumigant. There is, therefore, a great need to find alternatives. In this study insecticidal efficacy of different plant extracts viz. Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Neem (Azad...
Khalid Khan* and Guo Xiangyu
...cy. Moreover, the additional amount of rice obtained with help of technical efficiency improvements can also spur the average income of family to escape them from absolute poverty. Furthermore, the results of the study indicate that extensive consultation and training of the farmers can significantly improve the technical efficiency. In other words, the extension department of Balochistan should take a step to provide all the necessary training and consultatio...
Urosevic Milivoje1, Matejevic Milosava2*, Drobnjak Darko1 and Ozkanal Umit3
...;ration Cynologique Internationale (FCI). Research and analysis of morphometric parameters are required in order to write an official breed standard and recognize this breed. Previous research on this sighthound breed has shown only average values of individual morphological parameters and differences in them depending on gender, age or place of origin. However, the premise of this res...
Ghulam Akbar1*, Muhammad Anjum Zia1, Ali Ahmad2, Neha Arooj1 and Shahneela Nusrat1
...nolytic enzymes streptokinase (SK) is commonly used in the world to cure heart diseases because its low cost and efficacy. It’s a microbial origin enzyme produced especially by Streptococcus bacterial spp. Therefore, it is antigenic in nature due to microbial source which restricts its use. However, it is necessary to truncate antigenic regions present in the SK gene for the removal of streptoki
Şükrü Önalan1*, Muhammed Arabacı1and Haşmet Çağırgan2
.... They were alive during native examination without movement. It was observed that morphologically all isolates were Gram (+), α-hemolytic (BA), oxidase and catalase negative and were reproduced under 21, 37 and 45 °C temperatures with 0–6.5 % NaCl salinity. As a result of the examination of biochemical properties with API Rapid ID 32 Strep test, it was observed that 2 L...
Faisal Hafeez, Asad Aslam*, Ayesha Iftikhar, Afifa Naeem, Muhammad Faheem Akhtar and Muhammad Jawad Saleem
...ition to this, economic analysis of both years exhibited the similar descending order/trend in benefit cost ratio (BCR) as above. So the conservative strategies of using non-selective and conventional insecticides for the control of sucking fauna, especially against jassid, must be transformed / amended to most selective insect growth regulators (IGR’s) and new chemistry insecticides...
Fazal Haq*, Asia Parveen, Safdar Hussain and Arshad Hussain
...ample. Self made questionnaires, filled through interviewed process from the random selected farmers were used as a tool for collecting primary data. The raw data is tabulated and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The analyzed data is used to develop the mathematical model. Simplex method is applied to find the optimal solution of the model, which showed 10.18% increase in the net revenue pe...
Aamir Mushtaq1,2, Rukhsana Anwar1 and Mobasher Ahmad1,2,*
...check the oxidative neuronal decay in brain parts. Methanolic extract of Pimpinella anisum (meP.a) dried seeds was explored qualitatively and quantitatively for analysis of phytoconstituents along with anti-oxidant activity. Anti-amnesic activity was found by behavioral and biochemical studies for which male albino mice were grouped into seven groups. Mice were subjected to elevated plus maze, hole board and light dar...
Yan Xu1, Jia Zhou1, Guangfu Lv2, Yuexin Liu1, Xintong Zhao1, Xin Li1, Doudan Ye2, Xiaobo Qu1,* and Xiaowei Huang1*
...reatment of various malignant tumors, but it is accompanied by severe body toxic reactions, especially cardiac toxicity. This article explores the effects of pilose antler peptide (PAP) on DOX-induced myocardial injury and related mechanisms through in vitro experiments. Different concentrations of DOX were used to treat H9c2 cells for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively, to determine the IC50. Different concentrations of PAP were treated to H9c2 cell...
Alicja Kowalczyk1, Marian Kuczaj2, Anna Szul3 and Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska4*
... the effect of the GnRH analogue (buserelin acetate) on the quality of frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa. In this study, ten Polish Holstein-Friesian bulls with an average age of 3.5 ± 0.5 years were housed individually in pens. From each bull, two ejaculates were collected using an artificial vagina. Semen samples that showed more than 60% motility and 60% viability were selected for this experiment. To the four dilut...
Ke Zhang1, Shuai Liu2, Qiu Chen1, Yu Wang1, Li Liu1, Bingjie Li1, Kai Ma1, Xiaoya Wei1, Aijun Li3 and Junyan Li2*
...tigens using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by western blot analysis (WB) with artificial antiserum. A total of 105 Haemaphysalis longicornis (H. longicornis) ticks were selected to prepare protein samples. Some of them were used for 2-DE, and the others were used to immunize mice to collect tick antiserum for WB. Then, 2-DE followed by WB and MALDI-TOF was carried out to screen and identif...
Ambrin1*, Ghulam Dastagir1, Jehan Bakht2 and Muhammad Adil1
...s of Ziziphus mauritiana var. spontanea and Oenothera biennis against different microbes. Ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts of Z. mauritiana var. spontanea measured the highest zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. The MIC values of ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts of Z. mauritiana
Iqbal Javed1, Abdur Rehman2*, Iftikhar Nabi3, Amar Razzaq4, Raheel Saqib5, Allah Bakhsh6, Muhammad Mohibullah7 and Muhammad Luqman8
...akistani basmati to international markets and to estimate the impact of different factors on basmati export from Pakistan. For this purpose, panel data of eleven markets are collected from 2003 to 2016. Independent macroeconomics variables used in the study are exchange rate of Pakistan, exchange rates of trading partner, inflation in Pakistan, inflation in trading partner and dummy variables joint border and religion by app...
Imran Khan1, Muhammad Nawaz1,*, Aftab Ahmad Anjum1, Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad2, Adnan Mehmood1, Masood Rabbani1, Amina Mustafa1 and Muhammad Asad Ali1
Sajjad Ali1,*, M. Irfan Ullah2, Asif Sajjad1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed2, M. Aslam Farooqi1, M. Shahid Rizwan3, Qaiser Shakeel4, Sohail Akhter1,Muhammad Raheel4 and Muhammad Arshad2
... their integrated pest management. Helicoverpa armigera (Noctuidae; Lepidoptera) -being highly polyphagous- is the pest of many crops and exhibits high fecundity and migrating efficiency. The present study aimed to evaluate its physicomorphic responses towards different host plants. The highest larval and pupal weights were observed when fed on gram, Cicer arietinum (L.). The maximum (97.23%) larval survivorship was recorded on gramwhile, ...
Asmaa Abdallah Darwish
...human and animal. Unfortunately, few studies investigated their concentrations in different sheep diseases. So, this paper aimed to assess the antioxidant vitamins (E, A, D3 and C) levels in some sheep physiological and pathological conditions. For this purpose, 200 barki ewes were divided into control group, inflammatory diseases groups (pneumonic group, arthritic group, enteric group), late pregnant groups (normal late pre...
Hui-Ying Chen1,2*, Ping-Chuan Yin1,2, Ya-Nan Lu1,2, Hai-Yun Li1,2*and Yang Shan3
...ly identified and functionally enriched for analysis. Additionally, a protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed and block analysis was performed using STRING and Cytoscape databases. A total of 248 genes were identified, of which 84 were downregulated and 164 were upregulated. Functional and pathway enr...
Lei Wang1, Lu Yang2, Lei Luo1, Yaqi Gao1*, Jian Gao1 and Ping Liu1
...A. cinerarius. Illumina RNA-Seq was used to perform massive sequencing of 18 cDNA samples derived from male adults, female adults, and pupa of A. cinerarius in southern and northern Xinjiang. We extracted total RNA from 18 samples and sy...
Yuhong Li1, Dongxue Wu1, Xue Wang1, Mi Zhang1, Hanyu Zhu1, Zhe Shi1 and Fumin Feng1,2*
...), rifampicin (R), pyrazinamide (Z), and combination of these three drugs (HRZ) at 3, 5, 7, 10, and 15 days, respectively. Liver tissue pathologies and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities changed, indicating the occurrence of liver injury. Compared with the baseline group, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in each drug group gradually increased, and the activity of superoxide dis...
Riffat Sultana*, Nuzhat Soomro and Muhammad Saeed Wagan
...ya kashmorensis (Oxyinae: Acrididae: Orthoptera) from Kashmore, Sindh, Pakistan is described and illustrated. We provide a comparison of Oxya kashmorensis sp.nov. and O. nitidula which is recorded from Pakistan for the first time. Comparative information on the female genitalia of both species is provided. Further, a note on the ecology and distribution of both species is given. With the addition of O. kashmorensis and the ne...
Reda Mohamed1, 2*
...xt-align: justify;">The anatomical variations of the extrahepatic ramifications of the portal vein were analysed. The portal vein gives off the gastroduodenal, splenic and cranial mesenteric veins. The splenic vein continues as the left gastric vein. The right ruminal and reticular veins originate from the splenic vein...
Sana Khan1, Raheela Taj1, Noor Rehman2, Asad Ullah3, Imad Khan3 and Sadeeq ur Rahman3,*
... leading to diarrhea, urinary tract infection and meningitis, is increasingly becoming multidrug resistant. The current study was aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of extended spectrum β-lactamases producing C. freundii clinical isolates. A total of 2950 clinical samples were collected from both hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients of Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH), Peshawar, and processed by for i...
Shaista Abbas1,Imtiaz Rabbani1, Hafsa Zaneb2, M. Shahbaz Yousaf1, Saima Ashraf2, Abid Hussain Shahzad3, M. Afzal Rashid4 and Habib Rehman1,*
...Transition period in ruminants is defined as a phase of 3 weeks preceding and post parturition. It is characterized by metabolic stress, reduced feed intake, intense mobilization of energy reserves, increased nutritional requirements and changes in dams’ metabolism. Yeast Supplementation has been found to increase the production performance and nutrient digestibility in ruminants. Ho...
Muhammad Saeed Imran1, Asim Aslam1*, Muhammad Yasin2, Tahir Yaqoob2 and Beenish Zahid3
...rcial chickens were vaccinated with La Sota (against NDV) and Massachusetts (against IBV) vaccine preparations. After screening the protective titers in birds at 19 days post inoculation three week-old broilers were challenged with 10-5.76 and 10-6.03 EID50 dose of NDV and IBV, respectively. The hosts were divided into six groups of 35 birds each. These were groups A (NDV-challenged), B (IBV- challenged), C (NDV+IBV-challenged)...
Fermín López-Uriostegui1, Jesus T. Ponce-Palafox2*, Fabiola Lango-Reynoso1, María R. Castañeda-Chávez1, Itzel Galaviz-Villa1, Sergio Castillo-Vargasmachuca2 and Arturo Ruiz Luna3
...tremes of response. The analysis of response surfaces showed that the final weight and weight gain increased as temperature increased and, in the upper end, salinity had a linear synergistic effect, with a greater effect on growth at high temperatures. M. americanum attains its best growth in freshwater and low salinities(< 11‰) in subtropical zones.
...
Yue Qin Song, Hui Zhong Sun* and Jun Feng Dong
... recognition and discrimination of odorants. On the basis of female and male antennal transcriptomes of Yemma signatus adults, a total of 66 candidate Y. signatus olfactory receptor genes (YsigORs), including one olfactory co-receptor (Orco), were identified in this study. All the sequences were further validated by cloning and sequencing. ...
Mahvish Rajput1, Abdullah G. Arijo1, Muhammad Bachal Bhutto1, Rehana Shahnawaz Buriro2, Javaid Ali Gadahi1, Muhammad Naeem3 and Zubair Ahmed Laghari1*
...r characterization with analysis of their evolutionary relationship. A total of 200 rumens from slaughtered sheep were examined and out of 200 sheep, a total of 75 (37.5%) were positive for rumen fluke infection. The results indicate that sheep were infected with the morphologically identical species indicating the only species infecting rumen. Further, it was found that the infection was prevalent in all months sampled but ...
Murtala Muhammad, Ting Zhang, Siyu Gong, Jing Bai, Jiansong Ju, Baohua Zhao* and Dong Liu*
...its identity by conventional physiological, biochemical, and molecular techniques. Virulence and pathogenesis of the disease were determined by intraperitoneal injection of the etiological agent to the healthy A. sinensis. Physiological and 16s rRNA molecular analysis identified Streptococcus iniae as the causative agent of the disease...
Arifa Savanur1,*, Tallat Naz1,2, Tayyaba Hamid1,3, Syed Abid Ali4, Mian Jahangir1,3 and Muhammad Abdul Azeem4
...of a muscle have traditionally been described on the basis of the characteristics of parallel elastic component (PEC), series elastic component (SEC) and contractile element (CE). Reptiles in general and Uromastix in particular have been less investigated regarding the mechanical responses and the characteristics of elastic elements of their visceral muscle tissues. Therefore, a comparative study was conducted to determine the mechanical properties of e...
Sohail Ahmed1,*, Muhammad Waseem Saleem1, Abid Ali1, Muhammad Shahid Nisar2, Rashad Rasool Khan1 and Abdul Rashid3
...ted in all possible combinations, thus, making a total of 15 treatments including separate application of each above and a control where none was applied except water only. Results showed significant difference amongst treatments (p <0.05). Application of spinosad alone and in combination with other control methods proved to be the most effective treatment. Releases of bio-agents viz., C. septempunctata
Muhammad Anwarullah1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Ghulam Mustafa3, Muhammad Husnain1 and Muhammad Usman1
...icacy of amikacin and cinnamon. A total of 40 SPF (specific pathogen free) rabbits were selected at the age of two months. Rabbits were given experimental challenge with oral inoculum of pure culture of MAP. These rabbits were divided into four groups; three test and one control group. Histopathological lesions were observed before and after the therapeutic trials and lesions scoring was given according to the standard. On the basis of the changes in histopath...
Bala Gambo Jahun1,2*, Muhammad Yamin2,3, Desa Bin Ahmad2, Muhammad Razif Mahdi2, Shamsuddin Suleiman4 and Salihu Ahmad Abdulkadir5
...h during the field maintenance, replanting and access operation. ...
Anila Latif, Zaheer Abbas, Farhatullah and Ghulam Muhammad Ali*
...chemicals globally. Alternative ways should be explored to control DBM. Berberine is an insect toxic alkaloid and produced by plants of family Berberidaceae. Berberine Bridge Enzyme (BBE) gene involved in the synthesis of berberine was isolated from Berberis lyceum and over expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. The integration of the BBE gene in transgenic lines was confirmed through PCR while the expression was confirmed by Re...
Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Waqas Raza1*, Waqas Wakil2,3, Imtiaz Hussain4 and Misbah Iqbal Qamar1
...tefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) compared to SA treated plants. Potato plants treated with SA and BABA had higher peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity than water treated plants. Enzymes produced as result of treatment with elicitors are responsible for protection against late blight and sucking insect pests. The inducers can be used for disease and insect pest’s management. ...
Hasnain Alam1*, Jabar Zaman Khan Khattak1 and Taoufik Saleh Ksiksi2
...genous species for sustainable landscaping. In this study, we evaluated the germination response under osmotic stresses for four native species i.e. Atriplex leucoclada, Senna italica, Tetraena mandavillei and Tephrosia apollinea. Two osmotic agents (OA) i.e. NaCl and PEG 6000 and four osmotic levels (OL) i.e. 0, -0.2,...
Ahmad Kiani1*, Shapour Zarifian1, Hosein Kouhestani1 and Hosein Karimzadeh2
...ch refer to market and financial issue have greater weight, So, it is necessary to develop transportation to streamline access to market and also the industries need investors to be flourishing; Accordingly, both governmental and non-governmental organizations could take part to improve industrial sector. Moreover, the output of research shows some geographical factors like climate and geology have the least importance as to development and establishment of in...
H. Liu1, X.P. Tang1, R.J. Fang1,*, F.Yi2, C. Zhang2, R.Q. Yang1, F. Sun1 and S.Y. Zhou1
...ing to linear analysis. 2) compared with the control diets, supplementing the diet with Av-Cu can decrease diarrhea incidence of piglets during the whole experimental period (P < 0.05). 3) Av-Cu has significant effect on serum Cu-Zn SOD activity on day 14 (P < 0.05). This study showed that, oral administration Av-Cu to weaned piglet has the potential to promote growth performance and antioxidant capacity, and reduce diarrhea incidence.
Xiuqing Hao1, Zhe Hong2, Huili Gao1, Fumin Tian1, Hongke Zhang3, Yu Zhou3, Yuming Guo3, Guang Yang1,* and Bingyao Chen1,*
...ll relatively rare in China. From November 2013 to January 2014, we utilized line-transect method to investigate the bird community and fishery vessel in Beihai and Shatian, northern Beibu Gulf, China, for obtaining the baseline knowledge. The best model generated the seabirds’ density of 11.47 (95% confidence interval 6.90-19.05) individuals/km2 and 1.94 (1.27 - 2.95) individuals/km2, respectivel...
Sara Zafar* and Asmatullah
...orative effect of pomegranate juice against its toxicity. Dose was administered to pregnant mice by gavage. The high dose contains Atenolol 2.5 µg/g body weight (B.wt.) of treated mice and low dose contains 1.65 µg/g B.wt. The dose was administered from the 6th -12th day of the gestation period for seven days. Many congenital abnormalities including hemorrhages, hygromas, resorbed fetuses, deformed, hyperextended...
Tingting Li, Shuangshuang Geng, Long Xie, Huiyan Xu, Aolin Luo, Pengwei Zhao, Huan Yang, XingWei Liang, YangQing Lu, XiaoGan Yang* and KeHuan Lu*
Rabia Saeed1, Muhammad Naveed1, Muhammad Razaq2*, Muhammad Rafiq1, Muhammad Tahir Jan1, Syed Ishfaq Ali Shah1, Shabana Wazir1 and Fahad Munir3
...t staining and seed germination reduction problems. Antilochus coquebertii (Fabricius) (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae) is significant predator of the genus Dysdercus and other members of the pyrrhocoridan family. In the present annotation, we record for the first time A. coquebertii in cotton growing areas of Dera Isamil Khan, Muzafar Garh and Multan districts, Pakistan.
...
Khayyam1*, Muhammad Zahid1, Naiz Ali2 and Qadeem Khan3
...nducted to find the hormonal variations resulted after the autoimmune thyroid disease. Out of total eighty two autoimmune thyroid patients 50 were Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients (HT) (30 female, mean age=34±1.43 years, 20 males mean age =38.35±1.17 years) and control group included 35 individuals (20 females mean age=31.65±1.77years, 15 males mean age=37.93±2.561 years). The 32 Grave’s disease (GD) patients (24 females...
Shaheen Rahman1, Kafeel Ahmad1*, Niaz Ali2, Muhammad Idrees3 and Waqar Ali4
...ains demand for proper management and control measurements to spread and prevent infections of A. tumefaciens.
...
Tehreem Usman1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3 and Qaisra Siddique1
...godon idella under binary mixtures of insecticides viz. endosulfan(ES)+chlorpyrifos(CPF) and endosulfan(ES)+bifenthrin (BIF). The fish behaviour was observed from both treated and control groups. Fish under exposure of insecticides mixtures exhibit abnormal behaviour and tried to jump out from water, come to surface and gulp air, showed increased opercular movement and erratic movements, hyper-activity and swimming very fast. Various tissues such as hepati...
Abdur Rehman1*, Sajjad Ahmad1, Ahmed Zia2, Asad Ali3, Kiran Shahjeer4, Abdul Latif1 and Taimur Khan1
...text-align: justify;">Odonata is one of the most important and potential predatory order and is an excellent indicator of ecosystem health. Current study was conducted in order to explore the dragonflies fauna in District Swabi of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A comprehensive field survey was conducted to collect dragonfly adults using aerial nets. 19 sites of District Swabi were surveyed during summer seasons of 2015 and 20...
Muhammad Tahir Waseem1, Abdul Majid Khan1*, Saliha Khalid1, Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,2, Ayesha Iqbal1, Muhammad Ameen1
... apex of molar, crown is narrow and represents selenodonty in Selenoportax, while a broader crown in Pachyportax which indicates strong hypsodonty. The present sample add valuable information on systematics, dental morphology and dietary habits of the Late Miocene (7-5 Ma) boselaphines which are represented today by their living kin Boselaphus tragocamelus and Tetracerus quadricornis.
Muhammad Tariq Rasheed1, Imran Bodlah1*, Ammara Gull e Fareen1,2, Muhammad Shakeel Khokhar1
...enus in subfamily Myrmicinae. Many species of this genus are reported from various parts of the world including neighbouring countries of Pakistan. Members of this genus are considered as generalized foragers and cryptic in nature. Collected material was verified using most recent and available literature provided by Bharti and Akbar (2014). Herein we report one species of this gen...
Dil Afroza Khanom1, Amirun Nesa1, Muhammad Abu Sayed Jewel1, Muhammad Ayenuddin Haque1, Alok Kumar Paul1, Sonia Iqbal2, Usman Atique2,3*, Lubna Alam4
...s recognized by the international guidelines of WHO, FAO, and USEPA. Furthermore, the hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) outcomes labelled a non-carcinogenic threat to the consumers. In conclusion, this study provides useful insights into the identification of potential risks of these commercially valuable fishes to the continuous consumption of fish flesh originating from a contam...
Abid Khan*, Mukhtar Alam and Yousaf Jamal
...c bacteria (Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Rhodobacter spaeroides), lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus lactis), yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisae, Candida utilis), actinomycetes (Streptomyces albus, Streptomyces griesus) and fermenting fungi (Aspergillus oryzae, Mucor heimalis). Farm yard manure (FYM) and poultry manure (PM) were used as organic sources of nitrogen. Bio-primed (seeds soaked in 10% BM aqueous solution f...
Muhammad Medrar Hussain*, Asad Jan* and Sayyar Khan Kazi
...stress tolerance. Additionally, the chlorophyll content of top four leaves of OsTZF8-OX transgenic indica line A and B were observed to be high compared to control. In conclusion our study revealed that over-expression of OsTZF8 gene has significant role in conferring tolerance to drought stress in rice. ...
Arshad Farooq1*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan2, Abdul Hassan1, Muhammad Ishaq3 and Asif Nawaz2
...recommended production management practices in the research area. Data were collected personally through face to face interview schedule from 285 sample respondents randomly selected from eight villages of the eight selected union councils. The empirical results indicated that farmers of district Mardan had 41 percent knowledge gap with cane yield 58387 kgs/hectare and sample farmers of district Dera Ismail Khan had 33 perce...
Muhammad Younis1, Shahen Shah1*, Inamullah1, Rozina Gul2, Arshad Jalal1, Farhan Khalil1, Iqbal Hussain1 and Muhammad Adnan Fahad3
...in Pakistan is the low, inadequate and improper fertilizers management. Among the various factors influencing crop production, phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) boost its yield and quality. A field trial was conducted in summer 2012 using phosphorus @ of 0, 25, 50 and 75 kg ha‑1 and sulphur @ of 0, 15, 30 and 45 kg ha‑1, respectively on the yield contributing parameters of sesame. Pods plant‑1, grain yield, plant height, ...
Muhammad Salim1*, Ayhan Gökçe1, Muhammad Nadir Naqqash1 and Orkun Ersoy2
...-align: justify;">The granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius is one of the serious pests of cereal crops worldwide. To control this pest, diatomaceous earth (DE) formulation consisted of diatoms, obtained from Niğde Province, Turkey, was tested against adults of the granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.) under laboratory conditions (25±1°C, ...
Filza Fatima Rizvi1, Muhammad Umair1, Muhammad Kahlid Jamil2*, Masooma Hassan2, Komal Qayyum1 and Syed Mohsin Raza Kazmi3
...ly, energy generation scenario is shifting towards renewable sources and its application in different sectors for example Agriculture. Oil, gas and coal. The same is true for Pakistan that has agriculture based economy. The present study was undertaken to review energy consumption in the agriculture sector of Pothohar region of Pakistan. This region has no proper irrigation system due to its topography. Additionally, potenti...
Gulnaz Parveen1*, Salma Gul2, Muhammad Ather Rafi3, Ashfaq Ali Khattak4 and Hikmatullah Jan5
...ium oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani was significantly controlled by leaf powder (LP) and shoot powder (ShP) when applied alone and with combination. While combinations of 3% LP + 3% ShP, 3% LP + 5% ShP, 5% LP + 1% ShP, 5% LP + 3% ShP, 5% LP + 5% ShP completely controlled the infection of Macrophomina
Muhammad Ali1*, Norsida Man2, Farrah Melissa Muharam2 and Siti Zobidah Omar3
... for agricultural risk management. The past research reveals that many researchers had tried to determine factors affecting behavioural intentions of the respondents and TPB has been applied as technology acceptance model in various contexts. However, predicting behavioral intentions to use ICTs for agricultural risk management has not been evaluated from the actual field. Therefore, the data were collected from 360 farmers ...
Jaffar Hussain1*, Syed Farman Ali Shah1, M. Zeenat Ali1 and Javad Ahmad Shah2
... improvement. For determination of macro-micronutrients and some physico-chemical properties of soil, samples were collected from different area of Jamshoro (Soman, Murad, Abadnear Kotrai Jamshoro). These nutrients are so important for crops yield and human being. The results explain that soil have low organic matter, pH is near to 7, copper content ranged was 5.82 - 8.2μ g/g, Maganese 6.7 - 8.3 μg/g and Zinc had values of 0.12 to 1.2μ g/g respectivel...
Samman Gul Vaseer1, Muhammad Rasheed1*, Muhammad Ansar1, Yamin Bibi2, Saqlain Shah1, Asma Hassan1, Lubna Ayub Durani1, Muhmmad Asif3 and Zuhair Husnain1
...d seeds of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) to observe the yield and development of the plant. A factorial completely randomized design (CRD) was adopted for this experiment, where Cobalt nitrate (Co (NO3)2) was applied at the rates of 10ppm, 20ppm, and 30ppm in combination of inoculation on mung bean three verities Chkwal-06, NM-16 and NM-11. Analyzed data was recorded related to mungbean gro...
Bilal Saeed Khan1*, Muhammad Afzal2, Muhammad Asif Qayyoum1, Imran Ali3 and Abdul Ghaffar3
...re the predatory mite fauna from Punjab, Pakistan. The holotype female (male unknown) of the new mite species Pseudostigmaeus sorghumus sp. nov was collected from city Dera Ghazi Khan on Sorghum bicolor (L.) and described. Fifteen paratypes were also collected from same collection data and seven were from Muzaffargarh. ...
Ahmad Khan1*, Raza Ullah Khan1, Sadia Khan2, Muhammad Zameer Khan1 and Fayyaz Hussain1
...xperimental area of National Agricultural Research Centre, (NARC),Islamabad to see the effect of plant derived humic substances (PDHS) on chickpea crop grown in 5.50 kg soil container, consisting seven treatments, whereby HS was given either as soil applied (at the rate 0, 15,30,45,60 mg l-1) and as foliar ( 100,150 mg l-1) The experiment was laid out in CRD under greenhouse conditions. Th...
Shah Nawaz Khuhro1*, Irshad Ali Junejo1, Muhammad Haroon Hullio1, Sultan Ahmed Maitlo2, Javeed Shabir Daar3 and Shahjahan Rajput1
... sticky-traps as an alternative for Brinjal crop for the monitoring and management of whitefly. On the basis of results it is suggested that sticky traps are the most excellent integrated pest management approach to prevent problems from increase of whitefly population in the brinjal crop. Further is suggested that these traps are extremely not expensive and simple they can be posted by an...
Shah Nawaz Khuhro1*, Irshad Ali Junejo1, Muhammad Haroon Hullio1, Mohammad Farooque Hassan2, Sultan Ahmed Maitlo3 and Mukhtiar Ahmed Shaikh4
...etable growers in Dadu canal irrigated area carried out on targeted vegetable farmers in three Districts Shikarpur, Larkana, and Dadu of northern Sindh, Pakistan. The effect of pesticides on human health and the environment is a main public health issue in Pakistan. These negative effects of pesticides can be minimized by awareness to the growers focusing more on alternative methods for su...
Md. Zubael Islam, Rukhsana Amin Runa and Md. Mahmudul Alam*
Mian Adnan Kakakhel1, Faryal Gohar1, Zahid Anwar2, Raza Ullah1, Muhammad Attaullah3, Shahbaz Ahmad4, Aamir Khan5, Kalimullah5*
... objectives, determination of seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in pet dogs. To evaluate the main associated risk factors related with T. gondii exposure to this region. A total of a hundred number of blood samples (72 males and 28 females) were collected from Peshawar, Pakistan. The serum samples were analyzed&...
Ayesha Zafar1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Muhammad Sarfraz2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Sher Muhammad3 and Ghulam Murtaza1
...ajor issues to the sustainability of agriculture in Pakistan. The plants in saline environment are negatively affected due to several issues like low osmotic potential, specific ion effect, and nutritional imbalance. The fertilizer behavior in salt stress conditions is quite different as compared to the normal soils. Linseed is an important oil seed crop. Its 50 % yield reduction occurs at ECe 5.9 dSm-1 and ESP value of 25-3...
Ghani Akbar
...lakand division has rich natural resources, having large potential for agriculture and tourism development, while its strategic location indicates a tendency of increasing importance of this region in the near future. Agriculture, one of the main sources of income of 52% of population of Malakand division, is less profitable due to traditional farming methods. Therefore, this paper is aimed to investigate the key agricultura...
Application of MATLAB for Designing and Simulation of High-Efficiency Center Pivot Irrigation System
Filza Fatima Rizvi1*, Waqar khan2, Syed Mohsin Raza Kazmi3 and Muhammad Umer4
...to 274 MAF by 2025, culminating into a deficit of 83 MAF. Pakistan has the world’s fourth-highest rate of water use and is already the third most water-stressed country in the world. Being an Agricultural country, more than 90 percent of Pakistan’s water resources are used by the agriculture sector. It’s a need for time to manage water resources and conserve water. High-efficiency irrigation systems are the...
Muhammad Jan1*, Safdar Hussain2, Muhammad Anwar ul Haq3, Javed Iqbal4, Ilyas Ahmad4, Muhammad Aslam4 and Aiman Faiz3
...ntries. A judicious combination of manures and fertilizers depending upon the availability, the type of the soil and crops to be grown would not only maximize the crop production and improve the quality of agricultural products but would also maintain the fertility, productivity and overall health of the soil for posterity. So, keeping in view the beneficial effects of organic sources i-e compost and farm yard manure (FYM), a field experiment was planned with ...
Muhammad Mohibullah1*, Mehran1, Sundas Batool1, Muhammad Amin1, Zakiullah1, Muhammad Ilyas2, Irfanullah1, Abdur Rehman1 and Sardar Ali3
...ermplasmsin days to germination, days to 50% flowering, seeds per pod,1st branches plant-1, 2ndry branches plant-1, plant height, hundred grain weight and grain yield plant-1. Overall, chickpea accessions CH30/12, CH10/12, CH44/12, CH14/12, and CH11/12 performed well, and recorded with maximum values for grains pod-1, hundred seed weight along with other contributing parameters. Values for pheno...
Noor Islam1*, Rashid Mahmood1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Sarfaraz Ahmad2 and Saleem Abid3
...s and honey yield. Data analysis showed significant difference among all diets tested and check (i. e. control colonies). Diet 2 induced the highest consumption rate (71.90 g per colony), maximum sealed worker brood area (1562.0 cm2 per colony), mean highest maximum (12 frames covered with bees per colony), and higher (9.2 kg Zizyphus spp. honey per colony) as compared with control (D 5) and other tested diets. Honey bee colonies fed over Diet 2 gave a maximum...
Iram Fatima1*, Imran Pasha1, Ambreen Saddozai2, Shahid Nadeem3, Amer Mumtaz4 and Saqib Jabbar4
...us of various snacks and beverages sold in the streets of Faisalabad, Pakistan. The three zones of city were selected for the purpose of sample collection. Mean prevalence of E. coli 61.7% was indicated by Spread plate method. Prevalence of Total plate count checked and pathogenic count was calculated in CFU/g and CFU/ml, mean CFU for E. coli and TPC was (3.39×104 to 3.15×105). T...
Wajiha Anum1*, Liaquat Ali1, Umair Riaz2*, Abid Ali1, Nadia Manzoor3, Laal Hussain Akhter4, Asad Ur Rahman5, Naeem Maan6 and Ijaz Ahmad7
... because of its immobile nature. In order to ensure its efficient uptake by crop, an experiment was conducted to appraise the effect of various P placement methods and fertilizer rates on wheat. The fertilizer treatments were F1=150-00-60 NPK kilogram/hectare, F2=150-30-60 NPK kilogram/hectare, F3=150-60-60 NPK kilogram/hectare, F4=150-90-60 NPK kilogram/hectare, F5=150-120-60 NPK kilogram/hectare. While the placement methods were M1=Line sowing + Band applica...
Ghani Akbar*, Muhammad Asif, Zafar Islam and Shahid Hameed
...e most efficient traditional surface irrigation method, but has been shown inefficient under actual farm condition in Pakistan. The main reasons being attributed to lack of knowledge of furrow bed design, installation and management. Therefore, this study is aimed to illustrate appropriate installation and management of furrow bed irrigation method for enhancing decision support on farms. ...
Muhammad Rasheed1*, Zafar Ullah1, Muhammad Ansar1, Asma Hassan1, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz2, Muhammad Hussain Shah4 and Muhammad Arshadullah3
... essential for the sustainable development of Pothowar region. Field experiment was conducted to evaluate forage growth and yield of oats (Avena sativa) and vetch (Vicia sativa) grown in mixture stands under conservation and conventional tillage systems. The highest number of tillers plant-1 (11) for Oats was recorded in oats-vetch mixture under conventiona...
Neelam Pery*, Nayab Batool Rizvi, Muhammad Imtiaz Shafiq
...monopoly of the conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs over the drug platform has been taken over by a number of biologics including TNFα inhibitors, IL-1 inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors, and co-stimulatory signal inhibitors with better efficacy and safety profile. However, certain fac...
Majeeda Rasheed1*, Tanveer Akhtar1, Nadia Mukhtar2, Muhammad Furqan Shahid2, Muhammad Imran3, Saima Yaqub2
...l;">Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) caused by PPR virus (PPRV), is a contagious disease of domestic and wild small ruminants. The disease is endemic in developing countries of African and Asian worlds including Pakistan, where several clinical cases in small ruminants (sheep and goat) have been frequently reported. Despite PPRV is endemic in Pakistan, information on disease serosurve...
Saira Saleemi1*, Zafar Iqbal1, Abdul Nasir Khalid2
...tion. If proper health management practices are adopted on fish rearing facilities, then the chances of incidence of aspergillosis in silver carp may be minimized.
Hina Nazli, Abida Butt*
...quired to successfully manage insect pests. Along with insect pests, many predators of these pests are also present in crops and affected by these management activities. Spiders are the most abundant predators of insect pests in the agroecosystem. The present study was designed to assess and compare acute and residual toxicity of two insecticides i.e Spiromesifen and Thiamethoxam on the lynx spider Oxyopes javanus<...
Md. Al-Amin Tan1, Mst. Antora Akter1, Md. Sabuj Rahman1, Marzia Rahman2 and Md. Mahmudul Alam1*
...e infection (SSI) is an inappropriate surgical site preparation that leads to postoperative complications. Although preoperative skin preparation is a standard surgical practice to prevent SSI, the choice of skin disinfectants and methods of skin preparation is still aberrant in veterinary practice. The study was, thus, conducted to standardize pre-surgical skin preparation with various formulations of Chlorhexidine gluco
Ayesha Iqbal1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Abdul Majid Khan1*, Muhammad Tahir Waseem1, Ayesha Iqbal1, Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,2, Muhammad Ameen1
...zed as a tool to discriminate between the different species of wild and domesticated suids. The studied material comprises of the three skulls. The straighter snouts and slenderer crania manifests that specimens under study were wild while the sex of species was determined by the permanent canine teeth morphology, as in females the upper canines extend in ventrolateral directions and continue to grow in lateral direction while in males the upper canines extend...
Korkmaz Bellitürk1, Zubair Aslam2, Ali Ahmad2* and Sami ur Rehman2
...e chemical and physical analysis of raw material of goat manure, cow dung, sheep manure and their vermicompost products. The earthworms for vermicomposting, Eisenia fetida (an epigeic species), were used as the test species. The samples were collected from prepared vermicompost and raw material for chemical and physical examination. For these samples, the pH, EC, organic matter, C:N ratio, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, mag...
Hasaan Aziz*, Fariha Altaaf, Attia Bashir, Abdul Basit, Syed Anam Masood Gardazi and Farah Haider
...ed and phylogenetically analysed the complete hemagglutinin gene of CDV from a male dog (14 months old) exhibiting clinically suggestive symptoms. With a characteristic amino acid residue for dog at Y549, sequence analysis showed geographically distinct pattern clustering the study strain to clade Asia-2 but clearly distinct from vaccine strains. Though limited and preliminary data, the fi...
Anurag Sharma*, Naresh Kumar, Geetanjali Singh and Anika Sharma
...imal health. The traditional use of herbal preparations suggests that they are safe and effective, however, scientific validation is still required for many of them especially for animal use. The phyto-pharmacological research on these two natural products show a ray of hope for the discovery of new active compounds with a novel structure that has potential to serve as a natural lead compo...
Hassan Boulahyaoui1,2*, Sanaa Alaoui Amine1,3, Marouane Melloul4, Farida Hilali5, Elmostafa El-Fahime1,3, Saad Mrani1,2 and Nadia Touil1,5*
...es and the phylogenetic analysis of unusual human rotavirus VP4 genotype detected in Moroccan children fully vaccinated with Rotarix™. After RNA virus extraction, the rotavirus VP7 and VP4 genes were amplified. The DNA was purified, sequenced and genotypes were determined using...
Olotu Titilayo Mabel*, Adeosun Idowu Jesulayomi, Kaka Mary Oluwatosin and Oladipo Elijah Kolawole
...m NCBI database. Evolutionary relationship was determined by Multiple sequence alignment using Clusta W and the sequences were further analyzed using MEGA 6 for phylogenetic tree. The sensitivity to antiviral drugs was analyzed using the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database. Our results revealed that Kenyan strain (SN-042062), Ugandan strain (DR138-13), Sudanese strain (G-01035...
Muhammad Rafiq1, Muhammad Tariq Mahmood2*, Mushtaq Ahmad2, Imtiaz Ali3, Muhammad Saleem1, Irfan Rasool1 and Zeshan Ali4
...t-prone regions and marginal lands where moisture stress is a major limiting factor for chickpea production. In order to identify drought resilient chickpea genotypes, a field experiment consisting of 16 elite genotypes was carried out in two environments i.e. under moisture stress and non-stress environment following randomized complete block design at Gram Breeding Research Station, Kallurkot, Punjab, Pakistan during rabi season of 2018-19. Under moisture st...
Zia-Ur-Rehman1, Faisal Sohail Fateh2*, Humayun Saleem1 and Muhammad Abu Bakar Siddique1
... after harvest. A preliminary study was designed to see the prevalence, incidence and severity of peach rot disease in the markets of Federal Territories of Islamabad to estimate the intensity of the disease by calculating the disease index. The prevalence of disease was 100% in all markets of Khanna Pul, Burma Chowk, Taramri, NIH Market, Chatha Bakhtawar, I-8, I-10/2, I-10 (Markaz), Sabzi Mandi, I-9. Maximum Mean Disease In...
Nasrullah1*, Ahmad Nawaz Khoso1, Jamila Soomro2, Ilahi Bakhash Marghazani1, Masood-ul-Haq Kakar1, Abdul Hameed Baloch1, Sarfaraz Ahmed Brohi1 and Muhammad Asif Arain1*
...an sheep while sheep rumination time were noted significantly (P<0.05) higher in sheep compare to the goat. Meanwhile, drinking time was noted higher in sheep than goat. Moreover, goat exhibited higher resting, playing and other activities compared to sheep. Findings of dry matter intake (DMI), crude protein (CP) natural detergent fiber (NDF) and nutrient detergent fiber (NDF) were recorded significantly similar (P<0.0...
Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Ocheme Julius Okojokwu1 and Onyemocho Audu2
... influence the 2030 elimination target due to the increasing availability of effective pangenotypic antiviral DAAs. Understanding the extent of HCV genetic diversity is important for treatment and development of vaccine. Among the routes of HCV transmission; intravenous drug addiction or injection drug use accounts for the majority of many cases apart from hemodialysis patients, unprotected sexual intercourse, blood transfusion and vertical transmission. There...
Muhammad Abu Bakar Siddique1, Faisal Sohail Fateh2*, Zia-Ur-Rehman1 and Humayun Saleem1
...rosum L.) belongs to solanaceae family and is categorized as tuberous crop. Potato is ranked 4th all over the world after rice, wheat and maize. Nutritionally potato is rich in vitamins (B1, B2 and B6), minerals (potassium, phosphorus and magnesium), pantothenic acid and riboflavin. Major potato producing districts in Punjab are Okara, Sahiwal, Kasur, Sialkot, Sheikhupura, Narowal, Lahore, Pakpattan, Jhang, TobeTek Singh and...
Hafiz Abdul Ghafoor1*, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Luqman2, Muhammad Arshad Javed2, Syed Wasim Hasan3 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1
... most effective conventional and novel chemistry insecticides, botanicals and cultural control practice (i.e. two under-canopy deep hoeings with 15 days interval along with lower-branch pruning) alone or in combination with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (@ 1x108 conidia mL-1). First experiment was conducted in March 2016 and 2nd was performed from November 2016 to March 20...
Jawad Ali Jan1, Ghulam Nabi1, Maqsood Khan1,2*, Shehzad Ahmad1, Peer Sikandar Shah1, Saddam Hussain1 and Sehrish1
...rld. It has high nutritional value and mostly used as a spice in the food. Nutrients are applied to the crop plants in different farms to improve its production and nutritional value. This experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Institute (ARI) Tarnab, Peshawar during summer 2016. Two factors i.e. Chilli varieties (Magma and High fly) and humic acid levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g...
Yasir Iftikhar1, Mustansar Mubeen1,2*, Waqas Raza1, Qaiser Shakeel3, Waseem Abbas1, Shehzad Iqbal1 and Ashara Sajid1
...posed that PLRV can be managed through resistant varieties and monitoring of aphid population. ...
Muhammad Raheel Faiz1, Ijaz Ashraf1, Haq Nawaz2, Muhammad Zubair3*, Muhammad Sajid Mahmood4, Sajid Hussain5 and Abdul Qadeer2
...s almost $170 million in national economy. Unluckily, this production is far below than its required amount due to production, protection and marketing problems which are faced by the vegetable growers. Therefore, the present study was designed to identify and prioritize the production, protection and marketing problems faced by the vegetable growers for suggesting possible solutions. Faisalabad Sadar Tehsil was selected as ...
Khalid Khan1, Marguerite Wotto2, Saima Liaqat3, Gulawar Khan1, Balach Rasheed1, Sara Rafiq4 and Guo Xiangyu5*
... district and its determinants. A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from one hundred tomato growers. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used for selection of the farmers. The Cobb-Douglas production function was used to estimate the technical efficiency and performance of the farmers. The study results disclosed that all explanatory variables have a positive imp...
Hafiz Muhammad Imran Javed* and Mushtaq Ahmed
...ign: justify;">Small ruminant morbillivirus (SRMV) is the most contagious viral disease of sheep and goats. The present study compared the select genetic markers of the vaccine and field strains originating from the field outbreaks for phylogenetic analysis, nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence analyses, and a comparison of three-dimensio
M. Hammouchi1*, G. Sebbar1, N. Touil2, C. Loutfi1, Y.S. Malik3, M. El-Harrak1 and O. Fassi-Fehri4
...y;">Peste des Petits Ruminants virus (PPRV) has caused a serious outbreak of disease in small ruminants recently in 2008 in Morocco. The field data obtained during the outbreak indicated that there were marked differences in breed susceptibilities to PPRV infection. In the field exotic breeds of Alpine goats were observed to be highly susceptible to the disease, with mortality rates approaching 100%, contrary to local breeds...
Paul Oludare Adetunji* and Safiriyu Idowu Ola
...eeks of age and sexual ornaments’ morphometry (Comb Length-CL, Comb Height-CH, Wattle Length-WL, Wattle Height-WH and Inter Pubic Distance-IPD) from 16-24 weeks of age. Data on onset of puberty and semen quality parameters were subjected to Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) with body weight at puberty as a covariate while morphometry measurements were subjected to Spearman correlation ana<...
Pravin Mishra1, Md. Muket Mahmud2, Md. Ahosanul Haque Shahid2, Alamgir Hasan2, Vivek Kumar Yadav3 and Moinul Hasan1*
...elps and aware the veterinarians, health-workers, and general people regarding the situation of antibiotic resistance. As maggot helps in the reduction of bacteria, this can be used as medical therapy in the case of a different wound. ...
Imad Hassan1, Bilal-ur-Rehman2, Muhammad Amir2, Faheem Ali2*, Salman Ilahi2 and Amjad Ali3
...allation and efficiency analysis. Experimental evaluation of the proposed ESP design is carried out for the removal of particulate matter from a biomass combustor. The results shown in this paper are promising and exhibit that a simple solution can achieve above 90% efficiency. The average particulate collection efficiency of our proposed ESP reached its peak stable value of 99.1% when tested with applied voltage of 25kV at an air velocity of 0.5 m/s. Moreover...
Amjad Ali1, Awais Salman1, Gul Daraz Khan1, Aftab Ahmad Khan2, Sher Shah Hassan2*, Muhammad Arif Goheer2, Mahmood Alam Khan3 and Sajjad Ahmed3
... more so in the future. Inadequate water supply for irrigation will be the usual rather than the exception, and irrigation management will shift from emphasizing production per unit area towards maximizing the production per unit of water consumed. This field experiment was carried out to assess growth and yield responses of turnip to different deficit irrigation levels and sowing dates at Research Farm situated at The Unive...
Rana Shahzad Noor1,2*, Fiaz Hussain2, Muhammad Umair2, Waqas Aslam2, Muhammad Ameen4, Muhammad Adnan Islam3 and Muhammad Sheraz2
...and to perform economic analysis. Two years study results showed that the main crop peanut yields changed between 4331.0 kg ha-1 and 5486.6 kg ha-1, while second crop peanut yields changed between 2670.6 kg ha-1 and 3388.8 kg ha-1. The highest yield for main crop and crop peanut under different tillage methods was 2097.8 kg ha-1, while the lowest yield was observed as 1649.9 kg ha-1 respectively. The fuel consumption of main crop was measured between 33.33 l h...
Salman Khan, Irfan Ullah*, Shahid Ali and Murtaza
...is study identified and analyzed major determinants of potato yield in district Swat of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A three-stage random sampling technique was used to collect data from 100 respondents during 2018. A Cobb-Douglas type production function was used to approximate effect of determinants on potato yield. Major shares of the input cost per acre incurred in the study area were...
Abdus Salam* and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
...sion as a mean of dissemination of agricultural latest technologies to the farming communities and motivating them for its adoption can be achieved through better use of communication among relevant stakeholders. The existing extension and communication strategies used in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province have many limitations. The present study was thus conducted to compare and analyze the farmers’ perceptions regarding use...
Biomass Allometric Equations of Naturally Growing Cedrus deodara in Dry Temperate Forests Ecosystems
Abdul Raqeeb1,3, Syed Moazzam Nizami2,4*, Aamir Saleem3, Lubna Ansari3, Saeed Gulzar3, Basit Ali3, Masooma Saleem5
...nd biomass allometric of naturally growing Cedrus deodara tree in dry temperate regions of Himalaya has been developed from the empirical data collected from four different locations with three sites each as representative of its naturally growing area. Destructive sampling including excavation of roots was carried for overall 60 trees. The results revealed generic equations for above ground biomass and volume. However, stat...
Javed Iqbal1, Ali Zohaib1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Adnan Bashir1, Muhammad Hamza2, Wardah Muzaffer3, Muhammad Tahir Latif1 and Naeem Faisal1
...ied traits. Correlation analysis revealed that grain yield was positively correlated with number of productive tillers per m2 during all years and grain weight during first year; while, negatively correlated with number of grains per spike during second year indicating that increase in grain yield was associated mainly with increase in number of productive tillers per unit area in response to seed rate. In conclusion, increase in seed rate improved the grain y...
Ehsan-Ul-Haque1, Akbar Hayat1*, Muhammad Asim1, Sajjad Hussain2, Muhammad Shakeel Hanif3, Muhammad Zubair1, Muhammad Abdullah Jamil1 and Faheem Khadija1
...a Blanco). Sodium bicarbonate and Potassium sorbate incorporated (6% w/v concentration) in wax were used to compare with commercially used fungicide (Thiabendazole). Study was conducted at 4±1 C° with 90±05% relative humidity for 60 days followed by one week of storage at ambient conditions. Least decay incidence 1.2% and 1.8% respectively in Kinnow and Willow leaf was observed in fruit treated with fungicide in wax followed by fruit treated ...
I. Erum, K. Nasira, H. Sagir, S. Raza and Firoza, K.
Description of Discolaimus miniodontii n.sp. and Laevides hunderansis n. sp. with notes on Discolaimoides spatilabium (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from District Ghizer, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
...;m), short spicule, gubernaculum and tail length (24, 5, 14µm, respectively) and by the presence of one supplement within the spicular range....
Kajol, A. H. Bhat, Aasha and A. K. Chaubey
Biochemical and molecular characterization of Photorhabdus akhurstii associated with Heterorhabditis indica from Meerut, India
...ometrical and molecular analyses. The present populations were identical to the original description; however, the size of the 3rd stages was longer than the topotype populations. Analysis of ITS-rDNA sequences showed 1 nucleotide base pair difference in aligned data with type description, however, no nucleotide base p...
A.N. Ashfaque1, F. Shahina1 and S. Dawar2
Diversity of nematode fauna associated with cotton fields of high temperature areas of Sindh, Pakistan
...Diversity of nematode fauna in relation to their occurrence in high temperature cotton growing areas of Sindh by using Euclidean distance has been estimated. The fauna obtained in June2017 and June 2018 surveys of cotton fields of five Districts Sanghar, Mirpurkhas, Umerkot, Mitiari and Tando Allah Yar of Sindh where temperature in May to July raised up to 40ºC -50ºC.The data was subjected to construct the dendrogr...
M. Rufai1† , A. A.Wahab2 , Q. O. Adeshina1 , J. C. Umehokoh1 and O. O.Ologunro1
Occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes in Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria
...as determined in three senatorial districts of Osun State in relation to soil texture, vegetation, moisture and pH. A total of 110 soil samples were randomly collected from various cultivated fields in different locations. The soil samples were baited twice using last instar larvae of the Galleria mellonella (greater wax moth) for presence of entomopathogenic nematodes. Four EPN isolates were recovered viz., Heterorhabditis indica, Heterorhabditis bacteriophor...
S. Ahmed† , L. Yue, Q. Liu and H. Jian
Evaluation of media for mass production and fermentation of Pseudomonas spp. for integrated management of cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae)
...s production of Pseuodomonas spp. Among all the media compositions, the suitable media containing carbon and nitrogen sources were found as media No.9 (Corn flour 50g/L, Glucose 8g/L, Soybean Cake Powder 20g/L, Wheat bran 20g/L, NaCl 4g/L) followed by No.10 (Corn flour 40g/L, Soybean Cake Powder 30g/L, Yeast Extract 5g/L, Wheat bran 20g/L, NaCl 4g/L, KH2PO4 5/L, MgSO4 1.5g/L), No.08 (Corn flour 17g/L, Glucose 10g/L, Soybean Cake Powder 25g/L, Maltose 10g/L, Ye...
U. A. Al-Karim, A. A. Alshimaysawe, A. E. Mohammed† , W. A. R. Aljaafri and F. A. Al-Fadhal
Evaluation of biological seed treatments for management of Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton
...al control products to manage and evaluate the development of Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton. Tests included seeds treated with the Abamectin, ILeVo, and a non-treated control. Results showed that seed treatment with Abamectin and Burkholderia sp., suppressed the numbers of R. reniformis eggs significantly. Seeds treated with Abamectin and bacteria had fewer vermiform adults in the soil in comparison with the non-treated seeds. The bacteria and Burkholderi...
A. S. M. El-Nuby1† , S. A. Montasser2 and I. A. El-Khadrawy
Control of root-knot nematodes using wild plants colonized Sinai, Egypt
...ted in North and South Sinai, Egypt was examined against root-knot nematode (RKN). The selected seven plants viz., Artemisia judaica, A. monosperma, Bassia muricata, Cornulaca monacantha, Salsola kali and Zygophyllum album with different dilutions (25%, 50%, 75% &100%). The potent nematicidal efficacy observed in the extract of A. judaica followed by A. monosperma. In vivo trial post inoculation treatments were effective...
H. Soofi†1 , N. A. Birmani1 , A. M. Dharejo1 , A. R. Abbasi2 , G. S. Ghachal1
Description of new nematode species Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona) sindhicus of genus Rhabdochona (Railliet, 1916) from Indus River Pakistan
...pecies of genus Rhabdochona collected form host catfishes Rita rita of Indus River, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Collected nematodes were processes with standard method for feature research. New species Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona) sindhicus differs from other species of genus with body shape and size, buccal capsule shape, prostomal teeth arrangement, nerve ring position, 18 pairs of caudal pa...
K. Abbasi 1 , R. Wick2† and D. Zafari1
Chitinase activity of biocontrol fungi cultured from the golden potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis
... isolates with high chitinase activity were selected for further characterization. Of the 10 selected isolates, three chitinase enzymes were evaluated using three substrates. Based on the results of our chitinase assay, Beauveria bassiana, Lecanicillium muscarium, Paecilomyces sp. and Trichoderma atroviridae had the highest activity. We selected these fo...
K. Osei1† , A. I. Adama1 , E. C. Tagoe2 and J. Sackey-Asante1
Biochar effect on nematodes and insects population density, soil improvement and yield of okra
...ally valuable crop in Ghana for its culinary significance and income generation potential. Agricultural production worldwide is constrained by abiotic and biotic factors. Chemical fertilizers are usually used to solve soil infertility problems. However, chemical fertilizers are expensive and when applied continuously, degrade agricultural lands (Savci, 2012; Bhattacharyya et al., 2015). Biotic factors such as plant parasitic...
Sahib Khan1, Muneeza Wahid2, Muhammad Abeer Irfan1, Muhammad Naeem3, Asma Gul4, Muhammad Haseeb Zafar2
ROW LEVEL IMAGE FORGERY DETECTION TECHNIQUE USING EMBEDDED DIGITAL SIGNATURES
...sing embedded digital signatures. Using message digest 5 algorithm, digital signature is generated from selected pixels of each row using selected pixels for and embedded in the least significant bits of selected pixel of the corre- sponding row of digital image. The proposed technique is powerful enough to detect different image manipulations. The results show that it can successfully detect one least significant bit altera...
Gulzar Mehmood1*, M. Zahid Khan1, Haseeb Ur Rahman1, and Sohail Abbas2
AN EFFICIENT AND SECURE SESSION KEY ESTABLISHMENT SCHEME FOR HEALTH-CARE APPLICATIONS IN WIRELESS BODY AREA NETWORKS
...The proposed scheme is dynamic in nature, i.e.
if a node in the network is compromised or a new node joins the network, the process of session key establishment
is re-initiated. The proposed scheme has been evaluated through extensive simulation, and the results are compared
with an existing scheme. The simulation results show that our scheme is efficient and cost effective in terms of
communicati...
if a node in the network is compromised or a new node joins the network, the process of session key establishment
is re-initiated. The proposed scheme has been evaluated through extensive simulation, and the results are compared
with an existing scheme. The simulation results show that our scheme is efficient and cost effective in terms of
communicati...
Tajwali Khan1*, Ihtzaz Qamar1, Feroz Shah2, Kareem Akhtar2, Rehman Akhtar3
MODEL FOR FUEL DROPLET EVAPORATION IN COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF LIQUID PROPELLANT ROCKET ENGINES
...t to get evaporated. An analytical
mono component fuel droplet evaporation model is developed and proposed for droplet evaporation in liquid rocket
engine based on heat and mass transfer. Effect of the fuel droplet curvature on vapor pressure is incorporated in the
model. The model is applied on a small-scale combustion chamber of bi-propellant liquid rocket engine where fuel
concentration away from droplet is not zero. A code is ge...
mono component fuel droplet evaporation model is developed and proposed for droplet evaporation in liquid rocket
engine based on heat and mass transfer. Effect of the fuel droplet curvature on vapor pressure is incorporated in the
model. The model is applied on a small-scale combustion chamber of bi-propellant liquid rocket engine where fuel
concentration away from droplet is not zero. A code is ge...
Sahibzada Abdur Rehman Abid1*, Muhammad Naeem2, Asma Gul3, Nasir Ahmad1
PASHTO OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION USING NEURAL NETWORK
...r />
pixels data i.e. binary data from a 21x15 symbol pixel matrix. The hidden layer contains 2000 neurons which has
been chosen after testing based on optimal result, while the output layer is composed of 6 neurons. As the joinable
Pashto characters on different locations in text change its size and shapes, as a result 60 Pashto characters with
110 samples for each Pashto character has been used to tra...
been chosen after testing based on optimal result, while the output layer is composed of 6 neurons. As the joinable
Pashto characters on different locations in text change its size and shapes, as a result 60 Pashto characters with
110 samples for each Pashto character has been used to tra...
Ahmad Hussain1*, Syed Murtuza Mehdi2, Amjad Ali3, Muhammad Adeel3, Mohammed Hassan Jabal4, Farid Nasir Ani4
INVESTIGATION THE TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CASTOR OIL WITH MINERAL OIL BLENDS
...ons as lubricant in internal combustion engines and in industrial processes. In this paper, the impact
of mixing mineral oil at certain proportions with vegetable oil is discussed its use as commercial lubrication oil is
also outlined, The tribological attributes are investigated through the well known four ball tribotester method. In the
experiments, castor oil is blended at volumetric ratio ranging from 20 to 80 % with commercial mineral...
of mixing mineral oil at certain proportions with vegetable oil is discussed its use as commercial lubrication oil is
also outlined, The tribological attributes are investigated through the well known four ball tribotester method. In the
experiments, castor oil is blended at volumetric ratio ranging from 20 to 80 % with commercial mineral...
Muhammad Alam Zeb Khan1*, Muhammad Ali Kamran1, Khan Muhammad2, Khizar Azam1
IDENTIFICATION OF THE OPTIMAL OPERATING PARAMETERS OF LOCALLY AVAILABLE COAL FOR USE IN PAKISTANI INDUSTRIES
...ance by measuring the furnace temperature. Mesh size 200 was found to
be readily combustible within the operating ranges, while tight control of the operating parameters was required
to combust coal at mesh size 150. Optimum ranges of primary air and Air-Fuel Ratio are suggested for effective
combustion. The study will help in effective utilization of indigenous coal reserves of Pakistan....
be readily combustible within the operating ranges, while tight control of the operating parameters was required
to combust coal at mesh size 150. Optimum ranges of primary air and Air-Fuel Ratio are suggested for effective
combustion. The study will help in effective utilization of indigenous coal reserves of Pakistan....
Muhammad Farooq1, Shahid Bashir1*, Irshad Ullah1, Muhammad Nadeem1
FREQUENCY AND POLARIZATION RECONFIGURABLE MICROSTRIP ANTENNA
...igurable microstrip antenna. The simple design
consists of two slots and two feeds. In one slot there is a switch. The two feeds are positioned on the right and left
diagonal of microstrip antenna. When the switch is ON the electrical size of antenna becomes small and it resonates
at higher UMTS 21...
consists of two slots and two feeds. In one slot there is a switch. The two feeds are positioned on the right and left
diagonal of microstrip antenna. When the switch is ON the electrical size of antenna becomes small and it resonates
at higher UMTS 21...
Muhammad Ismail1, Shahid Maqsood1*, Abdul Shakoor2, Feroz Shah2
DESIGN AND COST ANALYSIS OF MOLD MAKING FACILTY AT GHANI GLASS INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY
...nses to maintain a sustainable
position in the global marketplace. Selecting the right manufacturing strategy and planning is a critical decision
for production managers in the industry. The layout problems generally exist in the manufacturing industries. In the
industries the layout problems deals with the facilities like departments, machines etc. As a case study, this paper
presents a machine s...
position in the global marketplace. Selecting the right manufacturing strategy and planning is a critical decision
for production managers in the industry. The layout problems generally exist in the manufacturing industries. In the
industries the layout problems deals with the facilities like departments, machines etc. As a case study, this paper
presents a machine s...
Muhammad Qasim Khan1, Syed Athar Masood1
PRODUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF A PUBLIC SECTOR AUTOMOBILE REBUILD ORGANIZATION
...tor. Therefore, conventional productivity improvement models are
as such not fully applicable to public sector rebuild organizations. In this context, data of a public sector automobile
rebuild organization has been collected. Total and partial productivities of the organization have been measured and
analyzed by using Total Productivity Model (TPM). Detailed productivity ana
as such not fully applicable to public sector rebuild organizations. In this context, data of a public sector automobile
rebuild organization has been collected. Total and partial productivities of the organization have been measured and
analyzed by using Total Productivity Model (TPM). Detailed productivity ana
Muhammad Amjad*1, Abdur Rafai1, Saeed Badshah1, Rafi Ullah Khan1, Sajjad Ahmad1
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE REAL LIFE LOADINGS ON THE TI-27NB HIP BONE IMPLANT
... in this study. The FEA analysis was performed using commercial FEA software ANSYS. The implant model
was meshed using tetrahedral element type. The simulation result show that maximum stress occurs at the neck of
the implant for each loading case. The stress level was approximately equal to the strength of Ti-27Nb in 100 Kg,
stand up position case. ...
was meshed using tetrahedral element type. The simulation result show that maximum stress occurs at the neck of
the implant for each loading case. The stress level was approximately equal to the strength of Ti-27Nb in 100 Kg,
stand up position case. ...
Mahmood Alam Khan1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Mujahid Khan*2, Amjad Khan1
TEMPORAL VARIATION IN GROUND WATER QUALITY DUE TO URBANIZATION. CASE STUDY: DISTRICT PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN
... comparative graphs and analyse results in light of Pakistan Standard Quality Control
Authority (PSQCA). In 2005, same study for district Peshawar was carried out jointly by PCSIR Peshawar and
Kyungpook National University. In order to assess the effects of urbanization on ground water quality in district
Peshawar, another study was undertaken in 2014-15 by collecting samples from the same locations. Sta...
Authority (PSQCA). In 2005, same study for district Peshawar was carried out jointly by PCSIR Peshawar and
Kyungpook National University. In order to assess the effects of urbanization on ground water quality in district
Peshawar, another study was undertaken in 2014-15 by collecting samples from the same locations. Sta...
Muhammad Nafees Khan1, Iftikhar Hussain2, Muhammad Tahir3, Misbah Ullah2, Shehzad Ali Jamshed4
THE EFFECTS OF TANGIBLE AND INTANGIBLE ASPECTS ON EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE
...g tough competition from national & international organizations. In such
a competitive environment, organizations can compete effectively by utilizing the potential of its human resource. While
managing human resources, it is important to provide such facilities to the employees which result in yieldi...
a competitive environment, organizations can compete effectively by utilizing the potential of its human resource. While
managing human resources, it is important to provide such facilities to the employees which result in yieldi...
Feroz Shah1, Mohammad A. Irfan1, Kareem Akhtar1, Abdul Shakoor1, Naeem Khan2
EFFECT OF POROSITY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF DIE CAST ALUMINUM ENGINE BLOCK
...br />
The three-dimensional porosity of an AA 384.1 engine block was analyzed through computed tomography (CT) scan.
Samples from thick and thin sections within the engine block were analyzed to investigate the effect of different
cooling rates. Volumetric porosity for thin sections was within the range of 0.0875% to 0.15% while that for the thick
sections it was 0.24...
Samples from thick and thin sections within the engine block were analyzed to investigate the effect of different
cooling rates. Volumetric porosity for thin sections was within the range of 0.0875% to 0.15% while that for the thick
sections it was 0.24...
Kifayat Ullah*1, Tahir Mahmood2, Naeem Jan3, Zeeshan Ali4
A NOTE ON GEOMETRIC AGGREGATION OPERATORS IN T-SPHERICAL FUZZY ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN MULTI-ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING
...in fuzzy mathematics. Atanassov’s
intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) and Cuong’s picture fuzzy set (PFS) are two featured fuzzy concepts. Recently, a novel
framework of T-spherical fuzzy set (TSFS) and consequently spherical fuzzy set (SFS) are developed for handling
those problems where uncertain situations have more than two aspects. This manuscript is based on some contribution
to the area of SFS and TSFS. In this manuscr...
intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) and Cuong’s picture fuzzy set (PFS) are two featured fuzzy concepts. Recently, a novel
framework of T-spherical fuzzy set (TSFS) and consequently spherical fuzzy set (SFS) are developed for handling
those problems where uncertain situations have more than two aspects. This manuscript is based on some contribution
to the area of SFS and TSFS. In this manuscr...
Riaz Muhammad1*, Naseer Ahmeda, Abdul Basit2, Rizwan Alim Mufti2
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF FRACTURE TOUGHNESS, HARDNESS AND LOAD-INDENTATION DEPTH RESPONSE OF TI-64 USING VICKERS INDENTATION TECHNIQUE
...ies subjected to various nature of cyclic loading. This study includes the experimental
assessment of fracture toughness of Ti-64 using indentation technique which is easy and fast experimental techniques.
For this purpose Vickers-indentation technique is employed to report the hardness followed by fracture toughness
evaluation of the studied alloy using indentation energy model. The indentation method resulted a fracture toughness
...
assessment of fracture toughness of Ti-64 using indentation technique which is easy and fast experimental techniques.
For this purpose Vickers-indentation technique is employed to report the hardness followed by fracture toughness
evaluation of the studied alloy using indentation energy model. The indentation method resulted a fracture toughness
...
Rashid Nawaz*1, Iftikhar Hussain1, Sikandar Bilal Khattak1
KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS IDENTIFICATION AND PRIORITIZATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN THE CEMENT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN USING ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS
...vironmental
sustainability of cement production of Pakistan. Environmental sustainability decision requires a scientific approach of
identifying and prioritization of KPIs. The cement industries are confronted with challenges to implement sustainable
manufacturing processes. The data gathered through questionnaire distributed among 2...
sustainability of cement production of Pakistan. Environmental sustainability decision requires a scientific approach of
identifying and prioritization of KPIs. The cement industries are confronted with challenges to implement sustainable
manufacturing processes. The data gathered through questionnaire distributed among 2...
Mujahid Khan1*, Mohammad Tufail2, Muhammad Fahad1, Hazi Muhammad Azmathullah3, Muhammad Sagheer Aslam1, Fayaz Ahmad Khan4, Asif Khan5
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BRIDGE PIER SCOUR PATTERN
...iver Engineering and drainage control, USM, Malaysia.
The study shows that the pier scour depth and affected area around pier increase with the increase in pier size.
The study further demonstrates that the square pier models results in greater scour depth and area as compared to
circular pier models. Magnitudes of scour depths and area with reference to variation in shapes and sizes of piers
are also presented in this paper, along ...
The study shows that the pier scour depth and affected area around pier increase with the increase in pier size.
The study further demonstrates that the square pier models results in greater scour depth and area as compared to
circular pier models. Magnitudes of scour depths and area with reference to variation in shapes and sizes of piers
are also presented in this paper, along ...
Zeeshan Al Hameed1, Junaid Saleem2*, Syed Sajid Hussain1, Ahsan Abdul Ghani2, Hira Lal2
STUDY OF INDIGENOUS FLUORSPAR AS METALLURGICAL FLUX
... of slag in the ladle furnace.
However, it needs to undergo beneficiation process to get it concentrated before being added into the furnace. In this
study, we report, for the first time in Pakistan, that the indigenous Fluorspar can directly be used as a metallurgical
flux without any beneficiation process as it is rich in Fluorite and also contains small amount of other compounds
that are requir...
However, it needs to undergo beneficiation process to get it concentrated before being added into the furnace. In this
study, we report, for the first time in Pakistan, that the indigenous Fluorspar can directly be used as a metallurgical
flux without any beneficiation process as it is rich in Fluorite and also contains small amount of other compounds
that are requir...
Younis Jamal1, Asad Naeem Shah1, Wasif Amin Butt1, Ahmad Naveed1*, Muhammad Usman1
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF FUEL INJECTION PARAMETERS ON DIESEL ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS
...nce
and emission analyses using different nozzles and injection timings. During the experiments, two types of nozzles
known as sac and valve covered orifice (VCO) were used with hemispherical cavity and toroidal cavity pistons,
respectively. Besides an already existing set of sac type nozzles, six distinct combinations of nozzles with varying
cone angles and tip penetration (protrusion) lengths (d...
and emission analyses using different nozzles and injection timings. During the experiments, two types of nozzles
known as sac and valve covered orifice (VCO) were used with hemispherical cavity and toroidal cavity pistons,
respectively. Besides an already existing set of sac type nozzles, six distinct combinations of nozzles with varying
cone angles and tip penetration (protrusion) lengths (d...
Daulat Khan1*, Khizar Azam2, Noor Muhammad Khan1, Muhammad Israr1, Naeem Ejaz3
ASSESSMENT OF WASTEWATER FOR DISPOSAL IN ACCORDANCE WITH NEQS CRITERIA AND ITS REUSE FOR IRRIGATION WITH DILUTION
...ore than the
National Environmental Quality Standards(NEQS)”. Even in the presence of this act there are many housing societies
and Industrial zones, which are continuously disposing off their untreated wastewater to the natural water bodies. In
this study Laboratory investigations on 5 composite samples were carried out. Total of 19 parameters were analyzed
National Environmental Quality Standards(NEQS)”. Even in the presence of this act there are many housing societies
and Industrial zones, which are continuously disposing off their untreated wastewater to the natural water bodies. In
this study Laboratory investigations on 5 composite samples were carried out. Total of 19 parameters were analyzed
Samreen Fatima1*, Mudassir Uddin1
COMPARISON OF ASYMMETRIC GARCH MODELS WITH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR STOCK MARKETS PREDICTION, A CASE STUDY
...n done for modeling of financial data theoretically and empirically for the international
stock markets, for example: Asia, Europe and Australia etc. But no frequent research has been done for the SAARC
countries stock markets. Therefore, bench mark Index of Pakistan; Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE-100) and Bombay
Stock Exchange (BSNSE) of India are selected as case study...
stock markets, for example: Asia, Europe and Australia etc. But no frequent research has been done for the SAARC
countries stock markets. Therefore, bench mark Index of Pakistan; Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE-100) and Bombay
Stock Exchange (BSNSE) of India are selected as case study...
Shafiullah1*, Mohammad Nafees2
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT BY COAGULATION/ FLOCCULATION PROCESSES VIA OPTIMIZATION OF INOCULATION DOSE AND SETTLING TIME
...rvals. All Samples were analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics. On comparison
with Pak NEQS it was observed that the municipal wastewater physicochemical quality was above the permissible
limits. A series of coagulation/flocculation treatments were given by applying different doses of ferric chloride in
combination of calcium hydroxide. Effective removals of pollutants were obtained by using ferri...
with Pak NEQS it was observed that the municipal wastewater physicochemical quality was above the permissible
limits. A series of coagulation/flocculation treatments were given by applying different doses of ferric chloride in
combination of calcium hydroxide. Effective removals of pollutants were obtained by using ferri...
Sahib Khan1, Muhammad Naeem2, Tawab Khan3, Nasir Ahmad4*
4LSB BASED DATA HIDING IN COMPLEX REGION OF DIGITAL IMAGES AND ITS EFFECTS ON EDGES AND HISTOGRAM
...istogram difference steganalysis. The
quality of the edges is preserved and a PNSR of greater than 74dB has been observed for different cover images
for the true edge based 4LSB steganography. The quality of stego images, edges can been observed qualitatively
and it be seen clearly that no significant changes are introduced due to hiding information in edges using the true
edge based steganography. ...
quality of the edges is preserved and a PNSR of greater than 74dB has been observed for different cover images
for the true edge based 4LSB steganography. The quality of stego images, edges can been observed qualitatively
and it be seen clearly that no significant changes are introduced due to hiding information in edges using the true
edge based steganography. ...
Nasir Ahmad1*, Jehad Ali2, Khalil Khan3, Muhammad Naeem4, Usman Ali5
ROBUST MULTIMODAL FACE RECOGNITION WITH PRE-PROCESSED KINECT RGB-D IMAGES
...>
the problems of illumination, pose variation and occlusion. Although combining 2D with 3D have shown better results
when compared with 2D images only, however applicability of these methods is inadequate in practical implementations
due to high cost of 3D sensors, therefore we are using the low cost sensor Kinect acquired images. We do
face recognition from RGB images, depth images and then we combine...
when compared with 2D images only, however applicability of these methods is inadequate in practical implementations
due to high cost of 3D sensors, therefore we are using the low cost sensor Kinect acquired images. We do
face recognition from RGB images, depth images and then we combine...
M. Ihsan Ul Haq1, Ahmad Hussain2*, Farzana Yasmeen3, Shafiq R. Qureshi4
LIFE CYCLE COSTING AND PAYBACK PERIOD EVALUATION OF A SOLAR THERMAL DESALINATION SYSTEM
...rised of seawater. Desalination of
saline water is a prominent approach to handle the problem of water scarcity. Conventional desalination technologies
cause economic and environmental problems due to their dependency upon fossil fuels. Solar flash desalination
is one of the best desalination techn...
saline water is a prominent approach to handle the problem of water scarcity. Conventional desalination technologies
cause economic and environmental problems due to their dependency upon fossil fuels. Solar flash desalination
is one of the best desalination techn...
Rafiullah Khan1, Sakhi Jan1*, Muhammad Amjad1, Saeed Badshah1, Sajjad Ahmad1
CRACK CLOSURE AND FIBRE BRIDGING CONTRIBUTION IN THE STRESS-RATIO EFFECT ON DELAMINATION GROWTH UNDER FATIGUE
...nfluence in mode I delamination growth in carbon/epoxy composite laminates. The crack closure effect
has been assessed by the identification of the non-linearity in the compliance curve of the double cantilever test
specimen after the delamination extension. The effect of fibre bridging was investigated by cutting the bridging fibres
during fatigue delami
has been assessed by the identification of the non-linearity in the compliance curve of the double cantilever test
specimen after the delamination extension. The effect of fibre bridging was investigated by cutting the bridging fibres
during fatigue delami
Muhammad Aamir1*, Riaz Muhammad1, Naseer Ahmed1, Muhammad Sadiq2, Muhammad Waqas3, Izhar1
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LEAD FREE SOLDER ALLOY FOR GREEN ELECTRONICS UNDER HIGH STRAIN RATE AND THERMAL AGING
...k is focused on the examination of thermal aging and strain rates
on mechanical properties of Sn96.5-Ag3.0-Cu0.5 (SAC305) LFS alloy. The selected thermal aging temperatures are 60
°C, 100 °C and 140 °C. Strain rates are measured at 10/s, 20/s, 30/s and 40/s. The microstructure examination
before and after thermal aging is carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) followed by confir...
on mechanical properties of Sn96.5-Ag3.0-Cu0.5 (SAC305) LFS alloy. The selected thermal aging temperatures are 60
°C, 100 °C and 140 °C. Strain rates are measured at 10/s, 20/s, 30/s and 40/s. The microstructure examination
before and after thermal aging is carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) followed by confir...
Zahooruddin1*, Muhammad Altaf1, Ayaz Ahmad1, Farooq Alam1
GRADIENT ASCENT INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS ALGORITHM FOR TELECOMMUNICATION SIGNALS
...p>Independent Component Analysis (ICA) algorithm is normallused for un-mixing and feature extraction of the fixed
input block lengths. In case of varying block lengths re-adjustment of the maximum number of iterations and the
step size parameter is required. In this paper, we introduced an Adaptive Step size Gradient Ascent ICA (AS-GAICA)
technique for varying block length that can also controls the maximum number of iterations adaptively....
input block lengths. In case of varying block lengths re-adjustment of the maximum number of iterations and the
step size parameter is required. In this paper, we introduced an Adaptive Step size Gradient Ascent ICA (AS-GAICA)
technique for varying block length that can also controls the maximum number of iterations adaptively....
Waqas Javaid1*, Adnan Tariq1, Iftikhar Hussain2, Sahar Noor2
AN EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH FOR CMS DESIGN
...f accuracy and computational effort. Following the same trend an evolutionary algorithm has been developed
during this research by combining Standard Genetic Algorithm with a very effective Local Search Heuristic (LSH).
The results show that it is efficient both in terms accuracy and speed of convergence (CPU time). ...
during this research by combining Standard Genetic Algorithm with a very effective Local Search Heuristic (LSH).
The results show that it is efficient both in terms accuracy and speed of convergence (CPU time). ...
Muhammad Shahzad Khattak*1, Barkatullah1, Ayesha Aziz1, Jamil Ahmad2, Mohammad Sharif3, Mukand Singh Babel4, Muhammad Fahad5
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CROP WATER REQUIREMENT UNDER MULTI - REPRESENTATIVE CONCENTRATION PATHWAYS DURING MID-CENTURY: A CASE STUDY OF D. I. KHAN
...under emission
scenarios based on Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). The methodology employed here involves
the comparison of temperature and precipitation data projected by different GCM with the observed data. The delta
change and ratio method was used to obtain the corrected value of temperature and Precipitation (PPT) for the
future. The ETo calculator of Food and Agriculture Organization was used to calculate evapotr...
scenarios based on Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). The methodology employed here involves
the comparison of temperature and precipitation data projected by different GCM with the observed data. The delta
change and ratio method was used to obtain the corrected value of temperature and Precipitation (PPT) for the
future. The ETo calculator of Food and Agriculture Organization was used to calculate evapotr...
Muhammad Naeem1*, Sahib Khan2, Nasir Ahmad3
A DISTRIBUTED GENETIC ALGORITM AND A-PRIORI ALGORITHM FOR THE HUB AND FACILITY LOCATION PROBLEMS
...ployed in market basket analysis to understand the purchase
behavior of buyers. It has many other applications. In this study, we combine a-priori with a genetic algorithm (GA)
to solve two classical NP-hard location problems namely the Un-capacitated Single Allocation Problem (USAHLP)
and Un-capacitated Facility Location Problem (UFLP). A distributed model of the proposed algorithm has been
imple...
behavior of buyers. It has many other applications. In this study, we combine a-priori with a genetic algorithm (GA)
to solve two classical NP-hard location problems namely the Un-capacitated Single Allocation Problem (USAHLP)
and Un-capacitated Facility Location Problem (UFLP). A distributed model of the proposed algorithm has been
imple...
Razaullah1*, Iftikhar Hussain1
A TWO-WAREHOUSE SUPPLY CHAIN NETWORK DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION WITH CROSS-ROUTE COSTS AND BUDGET, MAXIMUM FLOW AND CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS
...developed for the determination of production size, locations of network
nodes and optimal supply chain. The objective function considered the minimization of transportation cost, production
cost and the operational costs for the facilities. The incorporation of budget constraint, delivery mode, cross-route
costs, maximum flow by a shipping firm, production capacity of the plants, stocking capacity of ow...
nodes and optimal supply chain. The objective function considered the minimization of transportation cost, production
cost and the operational costs for the facilities. The incorporation of budget constraint, delivery mode, cross-route
costs, maximum flow by a shipping firm, production capacity of the plants, stocking capacity of ow...
Nabeel Maqsood1,2*, Afzal Khan1, Muhammad Khalid Alamgir2, Shaukat Ali Shah1, Muhammad Fahad3
PTFE THIN FILM COATING ON 316L STAINLESS STEEL FOR CORROSION PROTECTION IN ACIDIC ENVIRONMENT
...osion test and potentiodynamic polarization curves at room
temperature and compared. The morphology of uncoated and coated substrates were examined by scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) while the compositional analysis performed through energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX).
The morphology of the coated and uncoated substrates were also studied before and after el...
temperature and compared. The morphology of uncoated and coated substrates were examined by scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) while the compositional analysis performed through energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX).
The morphology of the coated and uncoated substrates were also studied before and after el...
Murad Ullah Khan1*, S. Zuhra2, M. Alam3, R. Nawaz4
SOLUTION TO BERMAN’S MODEL OF VISCOUS FLOW IN POROUS CHANNEL BY OPTIMAL HOMOTOPY ASYMPTOTIC METHOD
...
is based on two-dimensional, steady, incompressible viscous fluids that flow through the permeable channel with wall
suction/Injection. The solution of this model is semi-analytically computed by optimal Homotopy asymptotic technique
(OHAM). Reynolds number is based on Suction or injection through the wall, so for different values of Reynolds, we
obtained different types of semi-a<...
suction/Injection. The solution of this model is semi-analytically computed by optimal Homotopy asymptotic technique
(OHAM). Reynolds number is based on Suction or injection through the wall, so for different values of Reynolds, we
obtained different types of semi-a<...
Ebtisam Mirza1, Nadeem Ehsan1
DEVELOPMENT OF PROJECT EXECUTION COMPLEXITY INDEX
...many projects. Project management academicians
have conceived a few complexity characterization models but a comprehensive complexity measurement model
encompassing factors of important project constraints i.e. scope, time and cost is still missing. In this research, a
model has been developed to compute PECI (Project Execution Complexity Index) for various categories of projects
considering varying levels of complexity, i.e. PECI(R...
have conceived a few complexity characterization models but a comprehensive complexity measurement model
encompassing factors of important project constraints i.e. scope, time and cost is still missing. In this research, a
model has been developed to compute PECI (Project Execution Complexity Index) for various categories of projects
considering varying levels of complexity, i.e. PECI(R...
Misbah Ullah1, Rehman Akhtar1, Sikandar Bilal Khattak1, Khawar Naeem1 and Khizar Azam2
FACTORS IDENTIFICATION FOR COAL BRIQUETTES MANUFACTURING USING STATISTICAL EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN APPROACH
...actured through conventional methods in developing countries including Pakistan.
Shortages of energy resources across the globe have pushed companies to manufacture those products with least
possible costs by using significant factors. Indeed, the role of statistical design of experiment in general and factorial
design in particular is vital in identifying these significant factors in comparison to the conventiona<...
Shortages of energy resources across the globe have pushed companies to manufacture those products with least
possible costs by using significant factors. Indeed, the role of statistical design of experiment in general and factorial
design in particular is vital in identifying these significant factors in comparison to the conventiona<...
Bibi Safia Haq1,2, Hidayat Ullah Khan3, Abdul Shakoor4, Shahnaz Attaullah5, Kausar Shaheen1, Khan Alam3
TWO-PHOTON FLUORESCENCE EXCITATION CROSS-SECTIONS OF PHOTOSENSITIZER THIOXANTHONE TO FABRICATE CELL SCAFFOLD FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
...aser Power Effects were analyzed and
found that the Fluorescence Intensity increases with increasing Incident Laser Power, Io, and the emitted fluorescence
obeys the square-law dependences. Also when the Photo-Sensitizer was excited at different wavelengths (800nm,
400nm), it was found that Fluorescence Emission Profile did not change but variations occurred only in Fluorescence
Emission Intensity. ...
found that the Fluorescence Intensity increases with increasing Incident Laser Power, Io, and the emitted fluorescence
obeys the square-law dependences. Also when the Photo-Sensitizer was excited at different wavelengths (800nm,
400nm), it was found that Fluorescence Emission Profile did not change but variations occurred only in Fluorescence
Emission Intensity. ...
Rafiullah Khan1, Waseem ur Rahman1, Misbah Ullah2, Kamran Afaq3, Muhammad Amjad1, Sakhi jan1
AGE EFFECT ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIP JOINT BONE: AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
...all vertebrates. It is a natural composite, composed of bonesalt
plates as matrix binder and soft collagen as reinforcing fibers. As bone supports all the organs of a body so its
mechanical behavior is of prime importance. The mechanical properties of bone varies with age. In this paper, the
effect of age on various mechanical properties of hip joint bone was investigated experimentally. For this purpose
hip joint bone specimens of ...
plates as matrix binder and soft collagen as reinforcing fibers. As bone supports all the organs of a body so its
mechanical behavior is of prime importance. The mechanical properties of bone varies with age. In this paper, the
effect of age on various mechanical properties of hip joint bone was investigated experimentally. For this purpose
hip joint bone specimens of ...
Bibi Safia Haq1,2, Hidayat Ullah Khan3, Abdul Shakoor4, Shahnaz Attaullah5, Ishrat Rahim1
PROJECTION ETCHING OF KERATIN THIN FILMS FOR FABRICATION OF SKIN STRUCTURE USING ARF EXCIMER LASER
...urface modification was analysed. For effective studies of skin treatments, large areas of model skin need
to be generated. Therefore an ArF excimer Laser wavelength (193nm) with the ability to pattern square mm areas
per pulse was used even though the maximum repetition rates are typically an order of magnitude slower. Keratin
samples with different film thicknesses were ablated with different pulses. The depth of the ablated keratin laye...
to be generated. Therefore an ArF excimer Laser wavelength (193nm) with the ability to pattern square mm areas
per pulse was used even though the maximum repetition rates are typically an order of magnitude slower. Keratin
samples with different film thicknesses were ablated with different pulses. The depth of the ablated keratin laye...
Kulsoom Iftikhar1, Shahzad Anwar1, Izhar Ul Haq1, Muhammad Tahir Khan1 and Sayed Riaz Akbar1
AN OPTIMAL NEURAL NETWORK BASED CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUE FOR BREAST CANCER DETECTION
... />
for benign and malignant breast cancer. The proposed method employs an optimal feature classification employing
artificial neural network. The proposed architecture has five input nodes, two hidden layers with eight neurons each
and one output node. Five features (cluster thickness, uniformity of {cell size, cell shape}, marginal attachment and
radius of circle enclosing the abnormality) are nomi
artificial neural network. The proposed architecture has five input nodes, two hidden layers with eight neurons each
and one output node. Five features (cluster thickness, uniformity of {cell size, cell shape}, marginal attachment and
radius of circle enclosing the abnormality) are nomi
Bibi Safia Haq1,2, Shahnaz Attaullah3, Abdul Shakoor4, Hidayat Ullah Khan5, Khan Alam5, Kausar Shaheen1
CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFICACY OF ULTRAFAST LASER PULSES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
...ication of three dimensional cell scaffolds, femtosecond laser irradiation at 800nm was used for
biomedical applications. The femtosecond laser system was also used to fabricate a bricks and mortar structure in
keratin films to investigate skin structures for different cream absorption. The laser characterised here is Spectra
Physics, Hurricane X. This is a complex laser system consisting of a seed laser and a regenerative amplifier. It is...
biomedical applications. The femtosecond laser system was also used to fabricate a bricks and mortar structure in
keratin films to investigate skin structures for different cream absorption. The laser characterised here is Spectra
Physics, Hurricane X. This is a complex laser system consisting of a seed laser and a regenerative amplifier. It is...
Muhammad Kaleem Sarwar1, Zulfiqar Ali Chaudary2, M.Tousif Bhatti3, Daulat Khan
EVALUATION OF AIR VENTS AND RAMP ANGLES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ORIFICE SPILLWAY AERATORS
...
conditions. Non-dimensional jet length (λ), air entrainment co-efficient (β) and non-dimensional cavity pressure (Pn)
were computed to evaluate the performance of the aerator against ramp angle and air vent size. Results noted an
improvement in the performance of aerator with the increase of air vent size. However, the ramp initially improved
the performance of the aerator but at higher rese...
were computed to evaluate the performance of the aerator against ramp angle and air vent size. Results noted an
improvement in the performance of aerator with the increase of air vent size. However, the ramp initially improved
the performance of the aerator but at higher rese...
Aqeel Nawaz1, Muhammad Ali Kamran1
PARAMETRIC SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF CONVEX STAR PORT PROPELLANT GRAIN FOR SOLID ROCKET MOTOR
...profile for qualitative analysis of
sliver fraction (tail-off)and neutrality. The purpose of the study is to expand the design domain by evaluating entire
convex Star family under both neutral and least sliver content conditions.The computer program associated to it
is essentially the ballistic design analysis of the convex star grain configuration.Results showed that neutrality and
sliver fractio...
sliver fraction (tail-off)and neutrality. The purpose of the study is to expand the design domain by evaluating entire
convex Star family under both neutral and least sliver content conditions.The computer program associated to it
is essentially the ballistic design analysis of the convex star grain configuration.Results showed that neutrality and
sliver fractio...
Khuram Rashid1, Saroosh Danish2, Muhammad Akram Tahir3
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON UTILIZATION OF WASTE RUBBER TIRES AS FILLER IN CONCRETE
...is considered as a sustainable and environment friendly solution. Experiments were designed
by incorporating coarse and fine rubber content as partial substitution of conventional aggregates. Seven mixtures
were proportioned; one mixture with conventional aggregates was the control specimen, three mixtures were casted
by replacing fine aggregate by waste rubber tires p...
by incorporating coarse and fine rubber content as partial substitution of conventional aggregates. Seven mixtures
were proportioned; one mixture with conventional aggregates was the control specimen, three mixtures were casted
by replacing fine aggregate by waste rubber tires p...
Tehmina Amjad1, Ishfaq Ahmad1, Muhammad Akram Shaikh2, Nabila Naz1
VARIATION IN CITATION BASED FRACTIONAL COUNTING OF AUTHORSHIP
...in citation based fractional Vf -index which not only consider the number
of authors but also the variation factor in the number of citations. Vf -Index considers the consistency in received
citations of publication in addition to their quality and quantity for indexing. We have used Co-efficient of quartile
deviation for calculation of variation in received citations because it is sensitive for both skewed and un-skewed
data. We ha...
of authors but also the variation factor in the number of citations. Vf -Index considers the consistency in received
citations of publication in addition to their quality and quantity for indexing. We have used Co-efficient of quartile
deviation for calculation of variation in received citations because it is sensitive for both skewed and un-skewed
data. We ha...
Nazish Huma Khan1, Mohammad Nafees1, Adila Bashir1, Farooq Ahmad1
STUDY OF POLLUTION LAOD IN PAPER MILL EFFLUENTS AND ITS RECYCLING BY SUNDRY PLANTS AT HAYATABAD INDUSTRIAL ESTATE, PESHAWAR
...ry plants. Samples were analyzed for various physicochemical characteristics (colour, pH, EC, Alkalinity, Turbidity, TDS, TSS, COD and BOD5) by adopting standard methods for the
examination of water and waste water. These samples were also investigated for micronutrients/heavy metals (Cr, Pd,
Cd, Ni, Fe, Zn and Cu), using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The obtained results were compared with Pak-
N...
examination of water and waste water. These samples were also investigated for micronutrients/heavy metals (Cr, Pd,
Cd, Ni, Fe, Zn and Cu), using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The obtained results were compared with Pak-
N...
Muhammad Ibrahim1, ShahidMaqsood1, Rafiullah Khan2, Muhammad Amjad2, SakhiJaan2
OPTIMIZATION OF GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING PARAMETERS ON PENETRATION DEPTH AND BEAD WIDTH USING TAGUCHI METHOD
...idth. Taguchi L25 orthogonal array was used for the design of experiments. Welding experiments were
performed on stainless steel specimens. Pilot experimentations were conducting to define the range of variables.
Optimal parameters were determined through signal to noise (S/N) ratio approach. Significant factors have been
determined through analysis of variance approac...
performed on stainless steel specimens. Pilot experimentations were conducting to define the range of variables.
Optimal parameters were determined through signal to noise (S/N) ratio approach. Significant factors have been
determined through analysis of variance approac...
Sajjad Ali1, Muhammad Shahzad Khattak1, Daulat Khan1, Mohammed Sharif2, Hamad Khan1, Asmat Ullah3,
Abdul Malik1
PREDICTING FUTURE TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION OVER PAKISTAN IN THE 21ST CENTURY
...n source web tool
namely “climate wizard” was used to obtain temperature and precipitation departures projected by three different
GCMs under A1B, B1 and A2 emission scenarios. To ensure the maximum possible spatial coverage, a total of 16
climatic stations in Pakistan were selected. Results indicated a temperature departure in the range of 1.3-2.7°C for
the mid century period, and...
namely “climate wizard” was used to obtain temperature and precipitation departures projected by three different
GCMs under A1B, B1 and A2 emission scenarios. To ensure the maximum possible spatial coverage, a total of 16
climatic stations in Pakistan were selected. Results indicated a temperature departure in the range of 1.3-2.7°C for
the mid century period, and...
Shabana Rafique1, Shahnaz Parveen Khattak1, Tanveer Hussain2, Faiza Tauqeer1, Bashir Ahmad3
EVALUATION OF FLEXURAL RIGIDITY AND ABRASION RESISTANCE OF POST AND META-FINISHED PIGMENT DYED P/C FABRICS
... conjunction with functional finishing
treatments for polyester/cotton (P/C) blended fabrics; further to assess its effect on flexural rigidity and abrasion
resistance. The simultaneous finishing and pigment dyeing is more economical than conventional method, since, more
energy can be conserved by using same machinery for dyeing, finishing, drying and curing. Furthermore, elimina...
treatments for polyester/cotton (P/C) blended fabrics; further to assess its effect on flexural rigidity and abrasion
resistance. The simultaneous finishing and pigment dyeing is more economical than conventional method, since, more
energy can be conserved by using same machinery for dyeing, finishing, drying and curing. Furthermore, elimina...
Muneeb Abrar1, Shabbir Majeed Chaudhry2
DESIGN OF A LOW NOISE, LOW POWER AND SPURIOUS FREE PHASE FREQUENCY DETECTOR AND CHARGE PUMP FOR PHASE-LOCKED LOOPS
...r />
dead zone and eliminates the reset path to reduce the delay. The output is passed through a buffer to suppress the
distortion and to reduce the overall output noise. Phase noise has been reduced to -156 (dBc/Hz) at 1 MHz offset
frequency. A simple current mirror based charge pump circuit is presented next. The charge pump design incorporates
the use of transmission gates and transistors as capacitors to reduce switching error and clo...
distortion and to reduce the overall output noise. Phase noise has been reduced to -156 (dBc/Hz) at 1 MHz offset
frequency. A simple current mirror based charge pump circuit is presented next. The charge pump design incorporates
the use of transmission gates and transistors as capacitors to reduce switching error and clo...
Farid Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Iqbal1
DEVELOPMENT OF A TESTING RIG FOR VIBRATION AND WIND BASED ENERGY HARVESTERS
...ation shaker is electrodynamic type. Different parts of the vibration shaker and wind tunnel are fabricated by
conventional machining. For vibration shaker, a 1000 W speaker is fitted in a wooden box. The wooden box is made
adjustable and through the railing mechanism it can move vertically as well as horizontally. Moreover, a wooden block
containing a fixture for a device is glued to the center of the s...
conventional machining. For vibration shaker, a 1000 W speaker is fitted in a wooden box. The wooden box is made
adjustable and through the railing mechanism it can move vertically as well as horizontally. Moreover, a wooden block
containing a fixture for a device is glued to the center of the s...
Muhammad Masood Tahir1, Ayyaz Hussain2, Saeed Badshah3, Qaisar Javaid2
RULE-BASED IDENTIFICATION OF BEARING FAULTS USING CENTRAL TENDENCY OF TIME DOMAIN FEATURES
...ive training of conventional classifier. A test rig is used to acquire vibration data from bearings
having localized faults, and various TDFs are extracted. It is worth mentioning that fluctuations in random vibration
signals may alter the feature values. Therefore, each of the TDFs is processed statistically to approximate its reliable
central values (CVs) against the respective faults. In this way, eve...
having localized faults, and various TDFs are extracted. It is worth mentioning that fluctuations in random vibration
signals may alter the feature values. Therefore, each of the TDFs is processed statistically to approximate its reliable
central values (CVs) against the respective faults. In this way, eve...
Salman Saeed*, Akhtar Naeem Khan**, Rashid Rehan*, Sikandar Hayat Sajid**, Muhammad Sagheer Aslam*, Khan Shahzada**
COST AND PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION OF PRECAST POST TENSIONED PRE-STRESSED GIRDER BRIDGE SUPERSTRUCTURES
...dsheet is developed for analysis and design of deck slab and girders using one dimensional
beam line analysis and AASHTO LRFD distribution factors. The spread sheet also calculates the overall cost of the
bridge superstructure. This spreadsheet is then used to perform a parametric study by iterating through all design
parameters. It is shown that, contrary to conventio...
beam line analysis and AASHTO LRFD distribution factors. The spread sheet also calculates the overall cost of the
bridge superstructure. This spreadsheet is then used to perform a parametric study by iterating through all design
parameters. It is shown that, contrary to conventio...
Faisal Shabbir*, Naeem Ejaz*, Daulat Khan**, Naveed Ahmad*, Jawad Hussain*, Muhammad Fiaz Tahir*
INVESTIGATION OF USING PAPER INDUSTRY WASTE (HYPO SLUDGE) IN CONCRETE MIX
... greenhouse gas) and ordinary concrete
contains about 12% cement. The world’s annual production of cement is 1.6 billion tons which accounts for about
7% emission of carbon dioxide gas in atmosphere. Concrete industry is consuming large amount of natural resources
(gravel, sand, fine rock, water etc). In order to address such environmental issues related to cement manufacturing
there is dire...
contains about 12% cement. The world’s annual production of cement is 1.6 billion tons which accounts for about
7% emission of carbon dioxide gas in atmosphere. Concrete industry is consuming large amount of natural resources
(gravel, sand, fine rock, water etc). In order to address such environmental issues related to cement manufacturing
there is dire...
Rahim Haider*, Al Mustaan Kakar*, Sikandar Bilal Khattak*, Safi ur Rahman**, Shahid Maqsood*, Misbah Ullah*, Rehman Akhtar*, Aamir Sikandar*
DEVELOPMENT OF OPTIMIZED MAINTENANCE SYSTEM FOR VEHICLE FLEET
...ervice industry. Fleet management plays a substantial
role in an organization’s growth. Maintenance of vehicle fleet is critical in terms of cost, availability and customer
satisfaction. The major cause for delays is inefficient and ineffective maintenance procedures. To avoid major market
losses, an efficient maintenance model...
role in an organization’s growth. Maintenance of vehicle fleet is critical in terms of cost, availability and customer
satisfaction. The major cause for delays is inefficient and ineffective maintenance procedures. To avoid major market
losses, an efficient maintenance model...
Asif Ali Khan*, Laiq Hassan*, Salim Ullah*
OPEN MP-BASED PARALLEL AND SCALABLE GENETIC SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT
...ultiple heuristics and dynamic programming based approaches
are available for sequence alignment. Smith-Waterman (SW), an exact algorithm for local alignment, is the most
accurate of them all. However, the space and time complexity of the SW algorithm is quadratic. It is imperative to
use parallelism and distributed computing techniques in order to speed up this process. In this paper, we discuss and
evaluate an OpenMP based impleme...
are available for sequence alignment. Smith-Waterman (SW), an exact algorithm for local alignment, is the most
accurate of them all. However, the space and time complexity of the SW algorithm is quadratic. It is imperative to
use parallelism and distributed computing techniques in order to speed up this process. In this paper, we discuss and
evaluate an OpenMP based impleme...
Farid Ullah Khan*, Tashfeen Ali*, Khubroo Jamil*
DEVELOPMENT OF A LOW VOLTAGE AC TO DC CONVERTER FOR MESO AND MICRO ENERGY HARVESTERS
... sinusoidal or random in nature, moreover, the output voltage levels these produce are in
low (in mV range). For sensor operation, in order to convert this low AC voltage levels into relatively high DC
voltage DC, a three stage Cockcroft Walton converter is developed. The paper presents fabrication and characterization
of a 3 stage Low Voltage Cockcroft-Walton converter in an area of 5.5 x 3.3 cm2. The converter was capable
of conve...
low (in mV range). For sensor operation, in order to convert this low AC voltage levels into relatively high DC
voltage DC, a three stage Cockcroft Walton converter is developed. The paper presents fabrication and characterization
of a 3 stage Low Voltage Cockcroft-Walton converter in an area of 5.5 x 3.3 cm2. The converter was capable
of conve...
Anwar Ullah*, Sabir Islam*, Sikandar Bilal Khattak*, Safi Ur Rahman**, Shahid Maqsood*, Misbah Ullah*, Rehman Akhtar*, Rashid Nawaz*
MAINTENANCE SYSTEM FOR HEAVY EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
...nt and ineffective maintenance procedures of the heavy earth moving equipment’s. Poor record keeping
and un-systemized maintenance procedures leads to reducing the machine effective life cycle. To avoid catastrophic
losses in production and, market share, a maintenance model for such equipment is developed. Heavy equipment
availability is mandatory on site. Their...
and un-systemized maintenance procedures leads to reducing the machine effective life cycle. To avoid catastrophic
losses in production and, market share, a maintenance model for such equipment is developed. Heavy equipment
availability is mandatory on site. Their...
Farid Ullah Khan*, Adeel Ahmed*, Uzair Khan Jadoon*, Fahim Haider*
MODELING, SIMULATION AND FABRICATION OF AN UNDERSHOT FLOATING WATERWHEEL
...ot floating waterwheel, analytical modeling and simulation are performed
to estimate the optimal design parameters. Moreover, the dependence of output power on various parameters
of waterwheel is also investigated during simulations. It is found, during analysis that the water flow velocity is the
major factor affecting the output power and due to availability of high flow velocity stream the parameters ...
to estimate the optimal design parameters. Moreover, the dependence of output power on various parameters
of waterwheel is also investigated during simulations. It is found, during analysis that the water flow velocity is the
major factor affecting the output power and due to availability of high flow velocity stream the parameters ...
Sahib Khan*, Abdur Rehman*, Nasir Ahmad**, Muhammad Naeem***
THE REDUCTION OF SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATE AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES
...e rectangular patch antenna for 1.8GHz
and 2.45GHz wireless applications. Antenna is designated on a 3mm X 3mm X 3mm resolution truncated Hugo body
model in Computer simulation technology software. The ramification reveals the specific absorption rate simulated
value that were reduced by 89% compared to previously achieved SAR reduction of 83.5%. A reduction of power
and 2.45GHz wireless applications. Antenna is designated on a 3mm X 3mm X 3mm resolution truncated Hugo body
model in Computer simulation technology software. The ramification reveals the specific absorption rate simulated
value that were reduced by 89% compared to previously achieved SAR reduction of 83.5%. A reduction of power
Suhaib*, Shahid Maqsood*, Sikandar Bilal Khattak*, Misbah Ullah*, Rehman Akhtar*, Rashid Nawaz*, Iftikhar Hussain*, Abdul Shakoor**, Khizar Azam**
SINGLE FACILITY LOCATION SELECTIONPROBLEM FOR A PAKISTAN BASED ICE CREAM COMPANY: A CASE STUDY
...ion is directly proportional to traveling cost between facility and destinations. In
past decade, extensive research has beencarried out in this field. Most of the facility location optimization techniques
provide optimum or near optimumsolution. In this paper, an optimization technique median method is applied to a
real world problem of a multinatio
past decade, extensive research has beencarried out in this field. Most of the facility location optimization techniques
provide optimum or near optimumsolution. In this paper, an optimization technique median method is applied to a
real world problem of a multinatio
Hassan Nasir*, Rashid Rehan,** Rizwan Younis,*** Fazal Mabood,**** Salman Saeed,**, Muhammad Sagheer Aslam**
MACHINERY SELECTION FOR DEMOLITION AND RECYCLING OF PAVEMENTS: A SIMULATION-BASED TOOL
... />
many construction managers – especially in Pakistan, rely on their intuition and judgement based on past
experience to select their construction machinery fleet configuration. This approach is obviously subjective and prone
to inefficient utilization of resources. Computer-based tools, such as simulation models, have the potential to greatly
benefit the construction mangers in their routine tasks. This paper presents a unique si...
experience to select their construction machinery fleet configuration. This approach is obviously subjective and prone
to inefficient utilization of resources. Computer-based tools, such as simulation models, have the potential to greatly
benefit the construction mangers in their routine tasks. This paper presents a unique si...
Hamza Tariq1, Imran Hayat1, Saima Rafiq1*, Aqsa Qayyum2 and Sohrab Qayyum1
...TS) beverage by the combination of different ratios of apple and autumn olive juice (T1= Apple 100% + Autumn olive 0%, T2 = Apple 80% + Autumn olive 20%, T3= Apple 60% + Autumn olive 40%, T4 = Apple 40% + Autumn olive 60%, T5 = Apple 20% + Autumn olive 80%, T6 = Apple 0% + Autumn olive 100%) and to study its physico-chemical profile (pH, acidity, total soluble solids (TSS), reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, total sugars, vitamin C), antioxidant activity, t...
Imran Shehzad1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Ayesha Zafar1, Sher Muhammad2 and Ghulam Murtaza1
...zation problem. Use of canal water is the only strategy where saline and good quality waters are used in a cyclic manner for leaching down the salts that accumulated during irrigation with saline water. In this manner, salt accumulation does not rise beyond critical limit of the crop. The experiment consisted of 4 treatments replicated four times and randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used to make layout. Treatments were; T1 = ca...
Muhammad Shahid1, Adiqa Kiani2* and Mahmood Shah3
Livestock Tackles the Major Sector Fluctuations in Agrarian Sector and Raises Economic Performance: A Study of Pakistan
...r focuses the ambiguous analysis of livestock sector in raising the level of economic performance. The study reveals implications of livestock in tackling seasonal fluctuations, inputs shocks and failure of crops in major sector by taking time series data from 1984 to 2017. Auto regressive distributive lag (ARDL) econometric technique was applied to conclude empirical results. Further, cumulative sum (CUSUM) and CUSUM square...
Numan Ahmad, Shahid Bashirand Shahid Rauf
DESIGN OF MINITURISED MIMO ANTENNA WITH W-LAN BAND NOTCHED FOR ULTRA WIDE BAND (UWB) APPLICATIONS
...Multi-output (MIMO) antenna is proposed for Ultra-wideband (UWB) applications having capability to mitigate interference with the WLAN (5.15GHZ-5.85GHZ) operating band. A ‘spider’ shape structure is etched on the ground as a decoupling structure to obtain impedance matching as well as desired isolation. W-LAN notched band in the entire Ultra Wide band is obtained by etching a couple of straight line on the ground plane. A very compact UWB-MIMO ante...
Gulzar Ahmad, Muhammad Inyatullah Babar, Muhammad Irfan
A NOVEL WIDEBAND MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS IN KU-BAND
...ed microstrip patch antenna has been proposed for satellite communications. The bandwidth has been increased using parasitic patches. The size of the proposed antenna is 15x8 mm2. It has been observed that the antenna has a bandwidth of 4.08GHz, a return loss of 49.07 dB at the center frequency, a maximum gain of 8.25 dBi and total efficiency of more than 90%. This anten
Muhammad Asad Ali, Mirza Jahanzaib, Muhammad Ahsan Ul Haq
ANALYZING THE EFFECT OF SQUEEZE CASTING PROCESS PARAMETERS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF OVERCAST AL-ALLOY JOINT USING RSM
...input casting parameters named as squeeze pressure, pressure duration and melt temperature. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to analyze the effect of above mentioned input parameters on UTS and YS. Empirical models for UTS and YS were developed which help the practitioners to achieve desired UTS and YS by using optimum vales of input parameters. ANOVA results shows that melt temperature has most significant ef...
Waqas Anwar, Iftikhar Hussain
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT BETWEEN RESTIVE REGIONS OF PAKISTAN AND REMAINING PART OF COUNTRY
...st of country. Project Managers running construction works in these areas face numerous challenges in the execution and decision-making. The important concerns include overstretched logistic support, insecure operating environment, difficult terrain, dearth of previously existing infrastructure, centuries old traditional cultural underpinnings, non-availability of skilled manpower / plant and machinery, non-acceptability of ...
Mujahid Badshah, Saeed Badshah, Sakhi Jan
HYDRODYNAMIC DESIGN OF TIDAL CURRENT TURBINE AND THE EFFECT OF SOLIDITY ON PERFORMANCE
...thm embedded in the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) tool HARP_Opt was used to design a horizontal axis tidal current turbine (HATCT). The numerical method was validated with the experimental data and a good agreement was achieved. The designed turbine has a 3 bladed rotor of 4 meters diameter and rated mechanical power of 20 kW. Performance metrics of the rotor for steady and uniform flow was simulated at flow speeds from 0.5-3.5 m/s. The turbine a...
Waqas Anwar, Iftikhar Hussain
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT BETWEEN RESTIVE REGIONS OF PAKISTAN AND REMAINING PART OF COUNTRY
...st of country. Project Managers running construction works in these areas face numerous challenges in the execution and decision-making. The important concerns include overstretched logistic support, insecure operating environment, difficult terrain, dearth of previously existing infrastructure, centuries old traditional cultural underpinnings, non-availability of skilled manpower / plant and machinery, non-acceptability of ...
Mahmood Alam Khan, Afzal Munir, Muahmmad Shahzad Khattak, Daulat Khan, Muhammad Ajmal
GROUNDWATER RECHARGE QUANTIFICATION FROM RAINFALL IN PESHAWAR DISTRICT-KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
... which has been given by nature. However, its increasing demand and current pattern of usage are threats to human welfare, livelihood, development, and for the life itself, in the coming years. The main objective of this study was to quantify the ground water recharge due to rainfall on yearly basis of Peshawar district Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. Groundwater recharge was estimated by subtracting runoff from the rainfall. The Soil Conservation Ser...
Muhammad Amir, Syed Waqar Shah, Michael J. Pont
FAULT-MANAGEMENT ON SYSTEM’S LEVEL IN CAN-BASED “SHARED-CLOCK” ENVIRONMENTS
... flexibility and fault-management in CAN-based “Shared-Clock” architectures”, published in the Journal of Microprocessors and Microsystems (Volume 37, 2013, issue 1, pages 9-23) which was concerned with fault-management on embedded level. In this paper, we intend to show that the use of a Port Guardian (PG) mechanism can also improve fault-mana
Numan Habib, Naseer Ahmed, Riaz Muhammad, Himayat Ullah, Muftooh Ur Rehman, Kareem Akhtar
ANALYSIS OF CHIP PRODUCED IN FREE MACHINING OF TI-6AL-7ZR-3NB-4MO-0.9ND AND TI-5AL-7ZR-7NB-0.7ND ALLOYS
...loy results in poor machinability, hence, make the automatic machining of these alloys nearly difficult. The main limitation of titanium and its alloys is that it produces long chips during machining which tangled around tool, hence; reduce tool life and sometime leads to fracture during conventional turning (CT). In recent days new two alloys are developed named Ti-6Al-7Zr-3Nb-4Mo-0.9Nd a...
Muhammad Shahid1, Adiqa Kiani2* and Mahmood Shah3
Livestock Tackles the Major Sector Fluctuations in Agrarian Sector and Raises Economic Performance: A Study of Pakistan
...r focuses the ambiguous analysis of livestock sector in raising the level of economic performance. The study reveals implications of livestock in tackling seasonal fluctuations, inputs shocks and failure of crops in major sector by taking time series data from 1984 to 2017. Auto regressive distributive lag (ARDL) econometric technique was applied to conclude empirical results. Further, cumulative sum (CUSUM) and CUSUM square...
Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel2, Ejaz Ashraf3*, Asad Ali4 and Arooba Rubab5
Effect of Insecticides on the Longevity of Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
...a L., are good crop pollinators, however, its population is decreased over the years due to various factors including spraying chemical insecticides for pest management. The present experiment was therefore, designed to look for the effect of some new insecticides (cyhalothrin, nitenpyram, emamectin benzoate) applied at flowering stage of sunflower (variety Hysun-33). After three days of pesticides application, Apis mellifer...
Azra1*, Muhammad Afzal2 and Dilawar Khan1
Factors Influencing Inflation and Economic Growth in Pakistan: An Econometric Analysis
...conomy will perform reasonably well. Specification and diagnostic tests revealed the appropriateness and soundness of the inflation and economic growth models. Parameters stability was examined for two periods (1991 and 2002). CPI showed stability in both periods but GDP did not demonstrate in the second period....
Asif Nawaz1*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1, Rehmat Ullah1, Arshad Farooq2 and Abdul Hassan2
Assessment of Weed Management Competency of Field Assistants in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...munity regarding weeds management. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the weeds management competency level of Field Assistants of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agriculture Extension Department. Data from 234 randomly selected Field Assistants were collected through pre-tested and validated interview schedule to achieve study objectives. Results showed that highest ranked weeds management compe...
Kemi F. Omotesho*, Adedamola V. Adetayo, Adeniyi F. Akinrinde and Deborah A. Olabode
Challenges to the Adoption of Agricultural Innovations: The Case of Yam Minisett Technology in Kwara State, Nigeria
...n: justify;">This study analysed the challenges to the adoption of the Yam Minisett Technology (YMT). Specifically, the study assessed the level of adoption of the technology; identified the areas of training need in its use; identified the reasons for non-adoption by non-adopters as well as the constraints faced by adopter farmers in its use. The determinants of farmers’ adoption were also investigated. A four-stage s...
Shaista Naz1*, Noor P. Khan1, Himayatullah Khan1 and Azra2
Does Women’s Participation in Livestock Management Enhance their Empowerment? An Insight from the Tribal Belt of Pakistan
...rticipant in livestock management at the domestic level and supporting rural livelihoods with the provision of multiple products for consumption and sale. However, the question arises that women’s participation in livestock management has some relation to their empowerment or it is not a debatable issue. To address the issue, this research is carried out in the tribal areas of Pakistan for which data were collected fro...
Parsa Riaz and Muhammad Naeem*
Digestive Enzymes Activity with Gut Morphometric Parameter of Carnivorous Fish Wallago attu (Siluridae, Siluriformes)
...fish having high nutritional value, and high protein content in its flesh, Carnivorous in nature. Descriptive data of the studied traits included total body weight, total body length, gut weight, gut length, condition factor, standard length in Wallago attu. Fish body weight showed positive Pearson’s correlation with total length, gut weight, standard length and amylase enzyme. Fulton’s factor showed positive cor...
Hina Fatima1*, Sania Shaheen2, Lal Khan Almas3 and Sehrish Haroon4
Profit Efficiency among Transplanting and Direct Seeded Rice Producers (Case Study of Certain Rice Growing Areas of Province Punjab, Pakistan)
...ng. Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) serves as a tool of obtaining reliable estimations of profit efficiency of rice production. Findings from SFA reveal profit efficiency of rice farmers for TRP to be 57% and 83% for DRS farmers. The results further Bring to light the loss of 43% profit of TRP and 17% profit loss of DRS due to unsuitable combinations of inputs. Direct seeded rice farmers displayed more efficiency compared...
Muhammad Naveed Anjum1, Abdur Rehman1*, Muhammad Niamatullah Khan1, Raheel Saqib2, Mohammad Fayaz3 and Iqbal Javed4
Impact of Microfinance on Socioeconomic Status of Farmers in District Dera Ismail Khan
...ess the impact of microfinance on the socioeconomic status such as, family income, family health status, children educational status, living standard, food/diet pattern, crop production and transportation and finally the constraints faced by the borrowers to get the loans from microfinance institutions. The primary data were collected from the 300 borrow...
Muhammad Zamin1*, Fazli Rabbi2, Shahen Shah3, Muhammad Amin4, Haroon Ur Rashid5, Hasnain Alam6 and Sabahat Ali1
Performance of Lilium (Lilium elegans L.) Genotypes using Different Planting Media
...Yellow, Red carpet and Yena were tested in four type of planting media viz., M1-sandy soil+ Compost (1:1; v/v), M2- sandy soil+Humic acid (20:1;v/v), M3- sandy soil+ Peatmoss (1:1;v/v), M4-sandy soil+Potting soil (1:1;v/v). in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The lilium genotype Bomi Yellow performed well in terms of maximum plant height (72cm), highest number of flowers (5.4) and least days to flowering (45.92 days). However, maxim...
Sajjad Haydar*, Zunaira Asif*, A. A. Bhatti**, Obaidullah Nadeem***, Ghulam Hussain*, Nadeem Abbas*
EFFICIENCY OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT IN THE PUNJAB TANNERY SECTOR: A CASE STUDY OF DADA TANNERY
...v>
concern of international buyers on environmental compliance, during tanning process, has forced this sector to install
wastewater treatment plants to address the issue. This study aims to evaluate the performance of wastewater
treatment plant (WWTP) of a local tanning industry. Raw wastewater showed high concentration of organic matter
and Chromium. Phosphorous concentration was f...
Ihsan Rabbi*, Sehat Ullah**, Aftab Alam**
MARKER BASED TRACKING IN AUGMENTED REALITY APPLICATIONS USING ARTOOLKIT: A CASE STUDY
...is paper, we present an analysis of marker-based tracking using ARToolKit. We investigate the
effect of marker size, distance between markers and camera, the speed of marker with respect to camera, relationship
between marker size and distance, the brightness and contrast level of a camera on tracking a single marker.
Experiments were conducted to produce the analysis of these factors.
Wisal Shah*, Muhammad Nafees**, Muhammad Iqbal***
EVALUATION OF MARBLE SLURRY WASTE FOR PREPARATION OF COMMERCIAL GRADE CEMENT
...it with the calcium carbonate used in the cement industry by analyzing it for physical and chemical
characteristics. Cement was made in the laboratory according to standard formulation. Commercial brand available
in the market was used as control for product comparison. Physical and chemical properties of both cements and
Farid Ullah Khan*, Atal Khattak*
DEVELOPMENT OF A POWER MANAGEMENT CIRCUIT FOR MICROENERGY HARVESTERS
...he development a power management circuit (PMC) for micro energy harvesters. The circuit
is design to regulate the power between three different power sources for the operation of a wireless sensor nodes
(WSNs). The main components of the circuit are resistors (carbon film), capacitors (electrolytic), inductors (ferric
bead, axial leaded), and a DC voltage regulators (TPS62100DRC-BRR). The layout of the circuit is patterned on...
Muhammad Nafees*, Asim Nawab*, Wisal Shah**
STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT DESIGNED FOR INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS
...omply with Pakistan National
Environmental Quality Standards (Pak-NEQS).The collected samples were then treated in the laboratory in order to
identify and suggest suitable coagulant. For this purpose three different treatments .i.e. Lime, Alum and Alum+Lime
were applied. The optimum doses identified were 25, 35 and 26:13 ml respectively. The settling time was 25, 35 and
20 minutes respectively for lime, alum and ...
Dr. Taimur Usman*, Dr. Rashid Rehan*, Dr. Salman Saeed*
QUANTIFYING THE EFFECTS OF UPASS: A TRANSIT DEMAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
...>
transit demand management. While focusing on educational institutes across North America, this research quantitatively
analyzes the effects of UPass on transit ridership for the first time. In general, an increase of 50 % has been
observed in transit ridership due to UPass implementation and all the cities where UPass was implemented experienced
...
Sikandar Afridi*, Muhammad Irfan Khattak**, Nasim Ullah***, Gulzar Ahmad**, Muhammad Shafi**
PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF FACE RECOGNITION SYSTEM USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS MERGED WITH DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORMS
...ad of using the conventional PCA technique. In this technique to reduce the computational
complexity of traditional PCA the size of the image is first reduced by taking the DWT of it. After applying
the DWT the facial features of the image are extracted by calculating the Eigenface of the image with size already
reduced by taking DWT. As a result of this...
Akhtar Nawaz*, Sahar Noor*, Iftikhar Hussain*, Afzal Khan*, Shahid Rashid**, Rehman Akhtar*
METHODOLOGY FOR POSITIONING MULTIPLE DECOUPLING POINTS IN HYBRID MANUFACTURING SUPPLY CHAIN SYSTEM
... supply chains both internal (within manufacturing) and external to meet
the challenge of competitive market. The delivery time is one of the most critical factors which influence management
of the supply chain networks and cost of the product. To respond to a given lead time, manufacturing firms need to
adjust their supply chain networks and design an e...
Nasimullah*, Muhammad Irfan Khattak**, Muhammad Shafi**, Gulzar Ahmad**
A TUTORIAL ON ADAPTIVE ROBUST POSITION CONTROL OF DC MOTOR USING FUZZY LOGIC COMPENSATION
...linear friction and external disturbance torque. Friction phenomenon is simulated
using Lugre dynamic model. Adaptive fuzzy system is used to approximate nonlinear friction and external disturbance.
Assuming that system state matrixes are known, model based robust controller is formulated using sliding mode
control method. Adaptive fuzzy system formulate...
Faisal Shabbir*, Muhammad Fiaz Tahir*, Naeem Ejaz*, Daulat Khan**, Naveed Ahmad*, Jawad Hussain*
EFFECT OF COCONUT FIBER AND MARBLE WASTE ON CONCRETE STRENGTH
...In this research, a combination of CF and marble dust (MD) has been investigated. Cubes were formed
for compressive strength and beams were formed for flexure strength tests using different percentages of cement, CF
and MD. It has been found that the combination affects the strength of concrete. It was observed that a total of 5%
replacement of cement with CF and MD produced an increase in...
Asif Ali Khan*, Nasru Minallah*, Shahbaz Khan**
ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SUPERVISED CLASSIFIERS FOR CROP IDENTIFICATION AND ESTIMATION USING MULTI-SPECTRAL IMAGERY
...s a preparatory step in analyzing
and classifying satellite imagery to improve classification results and reduce the efforts and processing time, different
supervised classifiers namely Maximum Likelihood approach, Neural Network and Minimum Distance Classifier have
been used to classify the imagery. Training data for classifiers has been collected through multiple field surveys using
Atta Ur Rehman, Laiq Hassan, Nasir Ahmad, Kashif Ahmad, Shakirullah
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE AND HAMMING DISTANCE USED FOR IRIS RECOGNITION
...iv>Model and one-dimensional (1-D) Log-Gabor Filter are used respectively. Finally for classification/matching of iris
patterns, Hamming Distance and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are applied. The evaluation results on CASIA V.1
dataset show that Hamming distance algorithm is more suitable for the classification (with average accuracy of
93.85 %) of iris patterns.
...
Numan Ahmad1, Shahid Bashir1*, Shahid Rauf1
DESIGN OF MINITURISED MIMO ANTENNA WITH W-LAN BAND NOTCHED FOR ULTRA WIDE BAND (UWB) APPLICATIONS
...Multi-output (MIMO) antenna is proposed for Ultra-wideband (UWB) applications having
capability to mitigate interference with the WLAN (5.15GHZ-5.85GHZ) operating band. A ‘spider’ shape structure is
etched on the ground as a decoupling structure to obtain impedance matching as well as desired isolation. W-LAN
notched band in the entire Ultra Wide band is obtained by etching a couple of straight line on the ground p...
Gulzar Ahmad1*, M. Inayatullah Babar1, M.Irfan1
A NOVEL WIDEBAND MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS IN KU-BAND
...ed microstrip patch antenna has been proposed for satellite communications.
The bandwidth has been increased using parasitic patches. The size of the proposed antenna is 15x8mm2. It has
been observed that the antenna has a bandwidth of 4.08GHz, a return loss of 49.07dB at the center frequency, a
maximum gain of 8.25dBi and total efficiency of more than 90%...
Muhammad Asad Ali 1*, Mirza Jahanzaib1, Muhammad Ahsan Ul Haq1
ANALYZING THE EFFECT OF SQUEEZE CASTING PROCESS PARAMETERS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF OVERCAST ALUMINIUM-ALLOY JOINT USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
...input casting parameters named as squeeze pressure,
pressure duration and melt temperature. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to analyze the effect of
above mentioned input parameters on ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS). Empirical models for
UTS and YS were developed which help the practitioners to achieve desired UTS and YS by using optimum vales of
Waqas Anwar1*, Iftikhar Hussain1
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT BETWEEN RESTIVE REGIONS OF PAKISTAN AND REMAINING PART OF COUNTRY
...y.
Project Managers running construction works in these areas face numerous challenges in the execution and decision-
making. The important concerns include overstretched logistic support, insecure operating environment, difficult
terrain, dearth of previously existing infrastructure, centuries old traditional cultural underpinnings, non-availability
of skilled manpower / plant...
Mujahid Badshah*1, Saeed Badshah1, Sakhi Jan1
HYDRODYNAMIC DESIGN OF TIDAL CURRENT TURBINE AND THE EFFECT OF SOLIDITY ON PERFORMANCE
...ed
in the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) tool HARP_Opt was used to design a horizontal axis tidal
current turbine (HATCT). The numerical method was validated with the experimental data and a good agreement
was achieved. The designed turbine has a 3 bladed rotor of 4 meters diameter and rated mechanical power of 20
kW. Performance metrics of the rotor for steady and uniform flow was simulated at flow sp...
Mahmood Alam Khan1*, Afzal Munir1, Muhammad Shahzad Khattak1, Daulat Khan1, Muhammad Ajmal1
GROUNDWATER RECHARGE QUANTIFICATION FROM RAINFALL IN PESHAWAR DISTRICT-KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
... which has been given by nature. However, its increasing demand and
current pattern of usage are threats to human welfare, livelihood, development, and for the life itself, in the coming
years. The main objective of this study was to quantify the ground water recharge due to rainfall on yearly basis of
Peshawar district Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. Groundwater recharge was estimated by subtracting
runof...
Muhammad Amir*1, Syed Waqar Shah1, Michael J. Pont2
FAULT-MANAGEMENT ON SYSTEM’S LEVEL IN CONTROLLER AREA NETWORK BASED “SHARED-CLOCK” ENVIRONMENTS
... flexibility and fault-management issues since they were introduced. The easiest way out of such issues
is to adopt the more flexible/fault-manageable but expensive protocols such as the Time-Triggered Protocol (TTP)
and FlexRay. Looking at the cost-effective nature of CAN and its widespread use, we started working on making
such SC architectures more fl...
Numan Habib1, Naseer Ahmed1, Riaz Muhammad1*, Himayat Ullah2, Muftooh Ur Rehman1, Kareem Akhtar3
ANALYSIS OF CHIP PRODUCED IN FREE MACHINING OF TI-6AL-7ZR-3NB- 4MO-0.9ND AND TI-5AL-7ZR-7NB-0.7ND ALLOYS
...loy results in poor machinability, hence, make the automatic machining of these alloys nearly difficult. The
main limitation of titanium and its alloys is that it produces long chips during machining which tangled around
tool, hence; reduce tool life and sometime leads to fracture during conventional turning (CT). In recent days new
two alloys are developed na
Sajjad Hussain1*, Nisar Mohammad1, Zahid Ur Rehman1, Noor Mohammad1, Ishaq Ahmad1,
Naseer Muhammad Khan2 and Salim Raza1
EXTRACTION OF GOLD AND SILVER BY AGITATION CYANIDATION PROCESS FROM COMPLEX ORE OF SHOUGHUR AREA CHITRAL, KYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PAKISTAN
...ased on the comparative analysis of result it is concluded that cyanidation process on roasted ore samples gives
better results as compared to un-roasted ore samples.
...
Muhammad Irfan*, Saeed Gul*, Mohammad Younas*, Babar Nawaz*, M. Ishfaq*, M. Amir Durrani*, Abid khan*
FERMENTATION OF SUGARCANE MOLASSES BY SACCHARAMYCES CEREVESIA: EFFECTS OF OPERATING PARAMETERS ON ETHANOL PRODUCTION
...parameters for the sustainable production of ethanol from sugar cane molasses. The effect of various experimental parameters such as fermentation time, molasses solution concentration and its pH during ethanol recovery from sugarcane molasses has been ...
Nisar Mohammad*, Mohammad Mansoor Khan* Noor Mohammad*
CHARACTERIZATION OF TALC-CARBONATE ROCK OF MINGORA EMERALD MINES, DISTRICT SWAT, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
...for low-grade talc- carbonate rock of Mingora emerald mines located in District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. These rocks host
Khizar Azam*, Abdul Shakoor*~ Afzal Khan*, Riaz Akbar Shah*~ Shaukat Ali Shah·
IDENTIFICATION OF VITAL VEHICLE MECHANICAL DEFECTS CAUSING ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN PAKISTAN
...ormal;">quantitative analysis of RTA on Motorways in Pakistan caused due
Farid Ullah Khan·
PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF VIBRATION-BASED ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY HARVESTER DUE TO REDUCED AIR DAMPING
...ian: normal;">and resonant frequency of371 Hz, in EMEH-l, the load voltage and load power delivered to a load resistance of 1000 increases from
Muhammad Khurram Ali*, Raft Javed Qureshi**, Mirza Jahanzaib***
SELECTING FACILITY LOCATION USING HYBRID METHODOLOGIES IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: A CASE OF CEMENT PLANT
...e to face two types ofscenarios: exploring and prioritizing the factors affecting the location decision and selecting an appropriate optimization methodology,- compatible to the said problem. This paper addresses a real world case study of the problem ...
Abdul Malik*, Abdul Sattar Shakir**, Muhammad Jamal Khan***, Muhammad Latif**, Zia-ul-Haq*
YIELD RESPONSE AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF SUGAR BEET IN SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENT UNDER DIFFERENT DEFICIT IRRIGATION REGIMES
...els of irrigations, designated as full irrigation, 20% deficit irrigation, 40% deficit irrigation and 60% deficit irrigation were tested. Results showed that for all deficit irrigation treatments the root yield was low but the sugar content and water use efficiency were improved. Average root yield for full irrigation was found as 59.75 tonnes ha-J where for 60 % deficit irrigation root yield was 32.02 tonees OO-J• Average sugar content for full irrigatio...
Farid Ullah Khan*, Sheraz Ali Khan*
A SMART STARTUP AND SHUTDOWN SYSTEM FOR DOMESTIC ELECTRIC POWER GENERATORS
...creased reliance on alternate sources of backup power, such as uninterruptible power supply (UPS), Solar-cell systems and household electric generators. The startup and shutdown ofmost ofthe household electric generators is manual, which renders them less convenient as compared to the UPS and Solar-cell systems. A fUlly automatic electrical generator that starts and shuts down itself without any user intervention results in increased user convenience. This pap...
Nisar Mohammad٭, Mohammad Mansoor Khan٭, Noor Mohammad٭
EXTRACTION OF HIGH QUALITY TALC FROM TALC-CARBONATE ROCK OF MINGORA EMERALD MINES BY FLOTATION AND LEACHING
...rmula Mg3Si4O10(OH)2. In natural form pure talc is an extreme rarity and it is mostly associated with undesired minerals like magnesite, calcite, dolomite, quartz, muscovite, chlorite, tremolite and iron bearing minerals. These associated minerals determine the quality of talc for industrial purpose and if in access, limits its applications. In present research work, beneficiation studies of carbonatic talcose rock of Mingor...
Syed Asif Ali Shah*, Iftikhar Hussain*
PERFORMANCE OF THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR OF PAKISTAN AND ITS COMPETITIVENESS CAUSE AND REMEDY
...ment of the country and analyses the reasons behind the sectors apparent lack of competitiveness. It also discusses the standing of the Pakistani manufacturing sector and its capability of producing high-tech products and its share in the global export. Data provided by GEM Pakistan has been analyzed, that leads to suggest optimizing the Pakistani manufacturing sectors approach....
Shahida Nasreen Zakir*, Samina Siddiqui**, Nasreen Ghaffar*
MAJOR ELEMENTS CONCENTRATIONS IN CALCAREOUS SOILS
...reous soils. Soils were analyzed for total content of Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Si and Ti with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometery and UV-VIS Spectormetry. Total Ca content in loess soils is 12% thus categorized in calcareous soils whereas alluvium and piedmont alluvium soils with Ca content ranged from 0.9 to 5.2% hence are classified into moderate and non-calcareous. There was an inverse relationship between Ca and P concentrations in calcareous soils. Calc...
Farid Ullah Khan*
MINIATURE VIBRATION SHAKER FOR MEMS-SCALE VIBRATION-BASED ENERGY HARVESTERS APPLICATION
...dal vibrations. Conventional machining is used to produce different parts of the vibration shaker. The shaker’s table is supported by zig-zag planar beams and a copper wound coil is contained at the lower portion of the shaker’s table. Alternating magnetic field of the wound coil and the magnetic field of the permanent magnet generates a sinusoidal force that causes the shaker&...
Khizar Azam٭, Abdul Shakoor٭, Riaz Akbar Shah٭, Afzal Khan٭, Shaukat Ali Shah٭,
Muhammad Shahid Khalil٭٭
COMPARISON OF FATIGUE RELATED ROAD TRAFFIC CRASHES ON THE NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AND MOTORWAYS IN PAKISTAN
...n the Motorways and National Highways of Pakistan. Data were collected from the National Highways and Motorway Police (NHMP). Data for 2003 to 2012 of all RTC on Motorways and 2003-2011 on the National Highways (N-5) were examined extensively by applying Australian Transportation Safety Bureau (ATSB) criteria for determining fatigue related RTC. The Total number of RTC on Motorways during ...
Gul Rukh*, Iftikhar Khan* M. Naeem Arbab*, Uzma Nawaz*
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN EFFICIENT MICRO-HYDROELECTRIC SCHEME FOR LOW HEADS
...s of 3 to 10 meters obtainable from streams and irrigation channels. The low efficiency in already existing hydroelectric scheme used is addressed and compared with the existing scheme. Using the standard equations, trash rack, penstock and turbine is designed thus keeping the power losses as low as 4%. Hence finally an electrical power of 25kW is produced, suitable to run a farm in villages where electricity supply is not a...
Farid Ullah Khan*
ACTUATION ENHANCEMENT OF A MICRO BIMORPH THERMAL ACTUATOR
...pectrum of material combinations. Although a silicon-aluminum (SiO2-Al) BTA exhibits superior characteristics over a limited operational range, it is found that a silicon-stainless steel (Si-SS) bimorph provides larger deflections at higher operational conditions. The practical constraints on traditional bimorph materials in extreme operating conditions ...
Shaukat Ali*, Shah Khusro*, Laiq Hasan**, Asif Ali Khan**
A SURVEY OF MOBILE PHONES CONTEXT-AWARENESS USING SENSING COMPUTING RESEARCH
...ware computing paradigm enabling mobile phones to discover and capture peoples' contextual information, paving the way for the development of cutting-edge context-aware applications. Mobile phone sensing is old wine in a new bottle, having its roots extended from context-aware mobile computing. Mobile phones sensing capabilities can be exploited for developing context-aware applications to answer a number of real-world problems belonging to...
M. Rizwan Gul*
COMPARISON OF THE OF MECHANICAL AND WEAR BEHAVIOURS OF DIFFERNT TYPES OF POLYETHYLENES AND THE EFFECT OF RADIATION CROSS-LINKING ON THESE BEHAVIOURS
...nds of polyethylenes dominate the polymer field due to their wide range of applications and properties. They are sometimes cross-linked to improve their properties such as high temperature resistance and wear behavior. Radiation cross-linking using high energy electron beam or g-radiation constitutes one of the most convenient methods. This study explores the difference in mechanical and wear behavior of different polyethylenes, and compares the effect of radi...
M A Khalid*, A R Ghumman**, H. N. Hashmi**, E. Tanveer*
INVESTIGATION OF PERFORMANCE AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT OF LOWER BARI DOAB CANAL
...aving large network of canals fed from rivers is influenced by many parameters. Inequitable water distribution, Shortage of water during peak crop water requirements, tempering of insufficient funds for proper maintenance and high sediment loads in canals are worth mentioning issues. In this paper the performance of Lower Bari Doab Canal with emphasis on...
Muhammad Waseem*, Irshad Ahmad**, Rawid Khan**, Bashir Alam**, Khan Shahzada**, Muhammad Javed**
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF SOIL SLOPE IN SWABI, PAKISTAN
... study, slope stability analysis for a particular type of soil in Swabi area was carried out using the method of slices. Gravity load and seismic load were considered in the stability analysis. SLOPE/W and SIGMA/W software of Geo studio package were used for analysis under both dry and completely saturated conditions. Pseudo-static approach was used for the seismic stability a
Syed Farasat Ali Shah*, Amjad Naseer**, Rashid Rehan**
USE OF RUBBER WASTE IN CONCRETE TO REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION- AN OVERVIEW
... generated every year. Managing, disposing and recycling of these waste has turned out to be a great challenge in recent times. Typically, waste generated from industrial and domestic activities is dumped in open spaces. However dumping of solid waste in open spaces is hazardous to environment; therefore researchers have explored new means to effectively manage such waste. Tyre wastes have no exception; it cannot be readily ...
M. Nafees*, Bushra Khan*, Robina Naz*
STUDY OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SAFETY IN STEEL RE-ROLLING MILL WITH REFERENCE TO HIGH NOISE LEVEL AND TEMPERATURE
... then compared with international standards set by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Our results indicate that temperature level was high at two places of the mill i.e. furnace and re-rolling mill sections with the average value of 67 °C and 39°C respectively, which exceeds OSHA limit of 25-30 °C for comfortable working te...
Azam Khan*, Irshad Ahmad**
TIME HISTORY ANALYSIS OF SEISMICALLY ISOLATED FIXED BASE OFFSHORE PLATFORM
... nonlinear time history analyses has been undertaken for the Platform A to assess structural integrity under Ductility Level Earthquake (DLE) design events. A full nonlinear time history analysis (including soil and foundation modelling) has been undertaken using finite element software SAFJAC for an extreme earthquake records scaled for the DLE event.
...
Azam Khan*, Irshad Ahmad**
IN-PLACE ANALYSIS OF JACKET OFFSHORE STRUCTURE UNDER STORM CONDITIONS
...the details of In-place analysis of fixed jacket Platform BD. The numerical model is prepared using ANSYS ASAS structural analysis computer system. Beam stick model has been used, with multi-level sub-structuring technique, to model the whole structure. Appropriate dead load, live loads and quasi-static action of 100 yr storm have been applied to the structure. The structure-pile interaction a
Tahir Usman*, Khan Muhammad*
MODELING OF BLASTING COST AT DEEWAN CEMENT QUARRY, HATTAR USING MULTIVARIATE REGRESSION
...ers which has been analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to account for most significant parameters. These parameters were then subsequently used to formulate a model for the prediction of blasting cost per ton in the cement quarry operations. The prediction model based on 5 statistically significant variables explains 88.1% of the variance while estimating the blasting cost per ton.
...
Muhammad Qasim*, Mohib Ahmad*, Mohammad Inayatullah Babar*, Shahid Bashir*,
Farah Mahmood*, Zeeshan Sabir*
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS PARAMETERS ON EFFICIENCY OF PHYSICAL LAYER DEPLOYED FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK
...xisting energy sensitive nature of wireless sensor networks. This research work is focused on investigation of critical parameters and their effects on overall communication quality in reference to Physical Layer. One of the key factors is antenna design and other factors include physical layer parameters including delay that can contribute critically in defining the quality. Various anten
Gulzar Ahmad*, Sahibzada Faheem*, Amjad Ullah*, Waqar Shah*, S.M. Majid Ashraf*
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RELAY PROTOCOLS USING SIMULATION
...l diversity or antenna diversity. The implementation of the cooperative relaying systems involves less hardware and low complexity but gives comparable performance and diversity gains to the actual multiple antenna systems. The aim of this paper is to compare various techniques used in cooperative relaying protocols. The performance is evaluated in terms of average symbol error under various ranges of sig...
Naeem Ejaz*, Daulat Khan**, Usman Ali Naeem*, Muhammad Ali Shamim*, Muhammad Fiaz Tahir*, Faisal Shabbir*, Jawad Hussain*
DETERIORATION OF ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT AND FLY-ASH BASED GEO-POLYMER CONCRETES DUE TO SULFATE ATTACK UNDER THE ACTION OF SULFURIC ACID AND WASTEWATER
... static sulfuric acid, dynamic wastewater and static wastewater. Samples were tested at 28, 45 and 60 days after immersing in different type of solutions to find the corrosion depth. By visual inspection the corrosion depth and residual compressive strength were observed according to the modified ASTM C267& C39 respectively. Reaction products of gypsum remained on the surface of concrete samples absorbed in diluted sulfuric acid, while ...
Muhammad Naeem*, Sohail Asghar**
A REVIEW OF FEATURE SELECTION TECHNIQUES IN STRUCTURE LEARNING
...gs for overall computationally efficient approach among eleven evaluators. This analysis is useful in inducing better structure from the given dataset in imparting improved performance metric for Bayesian belief network.
...
Inayat Ullah*, Shah Khusro**, Saeed Mahfooz**, Azhar Rauf**
IMPACT OF NETWORK SCALABILITY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF RIP AND IGRP FOR EMAIL SERVICES
...align: justify;"> Dynamic routing is one of the major areas in computer networks, in which routing protocols are used to automate the process of routing. Routing protocols dynamically determine best path(s) to every network. Routing protocols are classified as distance vector and link-state routing protocols. Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) are examples of d...
Muhammad Irfan*, Saeed Gul*, Mohammad Younas*
SOLAR STILL PERFORMANCE FOR SEA WATER PURIFICATION: A STATISTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
...to be an economical alternative renewable energy used to extract the fresh water from sea water. The principle objective of the study is to purify the sea water by using solar energy. A pilot scale solar still has been designed, fabricated and optimized for maximum evaporation rate of model sea water. The various parameters such as water depth in still, average day temperature and average water temperature in still were studied experimental...
Zeeshan Sabir*, M. Inayatullah Babar*, Saeed Ur Rehman**, Amjad Ullah Khattak * Syed Riaz Ul Hassnain*
EVALUATING PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN MANET ENVIRONMENT BASED ON TCP WINDOW SIZE EVALUATION
...t have the tendency of dynamically and freely self-organizing into temporary and arbitrary network topologies. Performance of the MANETs primarily depends upon the protocol running at the backend for routing the packets between the mobile nodes of the network. Each of these protocols has its own pros and cons in different scenarios. In this paper we have simulated an environment of MANETs consisting of a few M...
Amjad Ali*, Amir Nawaz Khan*, Atta-ur-Rahman*, Muhammad Saeed*
ANALYSIS OF SITE, SITUATION AND THEIR IMPACT ON RESETTLEMENT OF PROPOSED NEW BALAKOT TOWN, PAKISTAN: AN EX POST EVALUATION OF 2005 KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE
...05 Kashmir earthquake scenario. The site is feasible while situation is not encouraging in the new Balakot town, which creates uncertainty about the future of new Balakot town. This paper attempts to carry out the analysis of site, situation and their impact on resettlement of proposed new Balakot town, Pakistan. The site analysis provides details of vulnerability to hazards,&nbs...
Mumtaz Shah*, Hashim Nisar Hashmi* Naeem Ejaz* Abdul Razzaq Ghumman*
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTES FOR MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT
...ystem included both the anaerobic and aerobic microbial processes. The treatment is further followed by chemical conversions, sedimentation and volatilization. The highest pollutant removalswere observed for attemperature range of 15-38oC and at pH variation between 6 and 9. In developing countries like Pakistan, where no importance is being given to municipal sewage treatment, the method found to be environmentally and fi
Hazrat Hussain*, Muhammad Ibrahim**, Navid Ahmed***, Zia ul Haq**, Bashir Alam***
ASSESSMENT OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT LOAD FROM GOAML RIVER AND ITS IMPACT ON THE GOMAL ZAM DAM LIFESPAN
...ision of WAPDA was analyzed. Based on the available data and using regression analysis a model is developed to establish a correlation between water discharge and sediment load. The model is an attempt to ascertain the rate of erosion in the catchment of the Gomal River since no generalized model has so far been developed to explain the nature of such weathering activit...
Asif Nawaz*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan, Rehmat Ullah, Khalid Nawab and Urooba Pervaiz
Investigation of Professional Competency Level and Training Needs of Field Assistants in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
...for administration and management of the extension organizations to investigate competency level of their staff so that training can be provided to them for successful execution of extension tasks. Hence, this study was designed with objective to inspect professional competency level and training needs of Field Assistants of Agriculture Extension Department Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A sample of 234 respondents was selected and per...
Shahid Ali1, Habib Akbar2, Shamsher Ali3*, Adnan Nasim1, Muhammad Ismail1, Nur Ul Haq1 and Muhammad Usman4
Effect of Planting Sources, Cane Portions and Setts Placement Methods on Sugarcane Yield Attributing Traits
...d SOP sources. Uniform management practices were performed. All traits showed significant (p≤ 0.05) differences for planting sources, cane portions and setts placement methods. Interaction of cane portions and setts placement methods were significant for emerged shoots, tillers, plant height and biological yield. Results revealed higher (p≤ 0.05) emerged shoots and tillers in canes planted from standing source (sugarcane standing crop) top portion with t...
Fazli Rabbi1*, Muhammad Idrees2, Shahid Ali1, Muhammad Zamin3 and Hazrat Bilal4
Farmers Perceptions and Adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Peach (Prunus persica L.) Production and Marketing
... well-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and χ2 tests were used for data analysis. The results showed a greater awareness level among the peach (P. persica L.) growers about ICTs. Moreover, the analysis indicated that more than 75 % of farmers are in use of a single or multiple type of ICTs. Among the sampled farmers, 70% of the farmers perceived ICTs as useful for farmin...
Syed Mufeed Hadi Naqvi1*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui1, Waqar-Ul-Hassan Tareen1, Muhammad Ameer Qarib Naqvi2 and Naseeb Hussain3
Usage of Mobile Phone by Vegetable Growers and its Impact on Vegetable Production
...ict Dera Ghazi Khan for analyzing the factors affecting the usage of mobile phone in vegetable production. Out of four, two tehsils from district were selected by using simple random sampling, then four union councils from each tehsil and three villages from each union council, also selected at random. Due to the limitations of study such as time and financial support five farmers from every village were selected to make a t...
Sitara Nawaz1, Shamaila Irum1, Haroon Ahmed2, Shazia Shamas1, Sadia Roshan1, Muhammad Ather Rafi4, Irfan Ullah5*, Gulnaz Parveen3*
...ude age group, gender, financial status, clinical symptoms, and travel history. The sandflies also collected and identified. Out of 350 sandflies two genera Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia were reported, P. segenti was most abundant specie and a strong positive linear correlation exists between sandflies collected and the patients reported from the area. It was observed that as the number of sandflies increased, the number of patients with Le...
Sumaira, Ali Mujtaba Shah*, Ghulam Asghar Solangi, Ifra Anwar, Qudratullah Kalwar
...he diet of human. Additionally, camel milk comprises numerous fatty acids and enzymes. Hence camel milk has many beneficial effects, such as antiviral, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-carcinogenic and anti-ageing. Besides, camel milk contains abundant proteins which are conductive to improve the immunity functions. Thus, it is necessary to illuminate the beneficial impact of camel milk and its composition.
Zarish Yaqoob1, Saleema Bashir Shams2, Gaitee Joshua2 and Bibi Nazia Murtaza2,3*
...all;">Heavy metal contamination of river water adversely affects the growth and productivity of fish and contributes to the human health disasters. River is a trans-country river originating in Himachal Pradesh, India and joins Indus and its tributary rivers in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The present study describes the concentration of heavy metals in the water and different tissues of na
Muhammad Riaz1*, Naureen Akhtar1, Salik Nawaz Khan1, Muhammad Shakeel1,2 and Ateeq Tahir1
Neocosmospora rubicola: An Unrecorded Pathogen from Pakistan Causing Potato Stem Rot
...eotide sequences of internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and partial beta tubulin gene. Phylogenetic analysis was also conducted to determine the phylogenetic relationship of this species with other reported species of this genus. Pathogenic potential of the isolate was verified by artificially inoculating the spores of pathogen in healthy plants. Appearance of same symptoms and re-isolation of N. rubicola from infected ...
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Saima Sadaf1, Adnan Ahmad1, Usman Rafique1 and Muhammad Arshad Javed1
An Assessment of Farmers’ Awareness Level Regarding Integrated Farming System in District Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
...ith livelihood security, natural resources conservation and environmental protection are considered as basic human needs of a society. The developing world is struggling with lack of or inadequate supply of these resources while combating with climate change at the same time. It is a fact that sustainable development comes only by judicious utilization of the resources and environment prot...
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Saima Sadaf1, Adnan Ahmad1, Usman Rafique1 and Muhammad Arshad Javed1
An Assessment of Farmers’ Awareness Level Regarding Integrated Farming System in District Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
...ith livelihood security, natural resources conservation and environmental protection are considered as basic human needs of a society. The developing world is struggling with lack of or inadequate supply of these resources while combating with climate change at the same time. It is a fact that sustainable development comes only by judicious utilization of the resources and environment prot...
Muhammad Khalid1,2, Samrah Masud2, Zara Naeem2, Muhammad Munir Shahid3, Ammar Danyal Naeem2, Abir Ishtiaq2 and Muhammad Naeem2*
Length-weight and Length-length Relationships of Farmed Catla catla during Winter Season from Muzaffargarh, Pakistan
.... Results of regression analyses revealed highly significant (P < 0.001) correlation for LWR and LLRs in farmed C. catla. Value of exponent b was found 3.23 in LWR of farmed C. catla indicating positive allometric pattern of growth in C. catla. While, in LLRs, b-value was observed 1.00 or close to 1.00, indicating isometric pattern of growth in SL and FL with an increase in TL for the studied fish species. Mean condition factor value was found 1.49±0...
Saba Iqbal1*, Muhammad Luqman1, Hafiz Muhammad Nasrullah1, Asmat Ullah1 and Hafiz Muhammad Akram2
Response of Cotton to Application of Organic and Inorganic Source of Nutrients in Semi-Arid Climate
...y the best possible combination of integrated nutrients application for cotton crop. The effect of different combination of mineral/inorganic nitrogen (N), farm yard manure (FYM: comprised of cow dung) , poultry manure and slurry (waste product of biogas plant that uses manure of all kind of farm animals to produce biogas) were investigated to figure out the best possible combination for c...
Mohammad Aslam Khan*, Samiullah* and Zulfiqar Ali*
DYNAMICS OF URBAN SPATIAL GROWTH AND PLANNING: A CASE STUDY OF PESHAWAR
...d satellite images. The analysis shows that the city has been growing at a rapid pace adding about 500 ha of land annually in recent years and in the absence of planning control has seen tremendous urban sprawl. The pattern of development of urban sprawl in Peshawar is typical of most Pakistani major cities, where ribbon sprawl is common along major roads, while leapfrog sprawl is prevalent in the city’s fringes. The uncontrolled expa...
Shahida Nasreen Zakir*, Samina Siddiqui*, Nasreen Ghaffar* and Zia Ul Haq**
WATER QUALITY INDEX OF SHALLOW AND DEEP GROUNDWATER DURING WET AND DRY SEASON OF PESHAWARBASIN
.... All samples were analyzed for pH, EC, TDS, SO4 2-, HCO3 -1, CO3 -2,Cl-1, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ , Fe+3 and K+ The result of this study showed that according to water quality index (WQI) of WHO all groundwater samples were categorized as good water and considered suitable for drinking apart from a few exceptions. The Sodium Adsorption Ratio of all groundwater was less than 10. Some of the groundwater showed more than 2.5 meq L-1 of Residual Sodium Carbo
Asadullah Saleem* and Nadeem Ehsan*
STATUS OF PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS IN INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION FIRMS OF PAKISTAN
...e organizations. Questionnaire based survey revealed that there is an empirical evidence that most of the infrastructure firms find their PMS in need of urgent attention while one third of the surveyed firms consider their system needs improvement. Analysis of the results points out that current PMSs ignore the performance information needs of critical stakeholders like employees, customers and suppliers. ...
Usman Ghani*, Naeem Ijaz* and Daulat Khan**
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MEANDERING OPEN CHANNEL FLOWS
...ed on three dimensional numerical simulation of overbank flows in meandering channels. Four different flow cases were considered. The cases vary from each other in the sense of bed slope and overbank flow depth. There were two overbank flow depths for each bed slope. In this study a rectangular main channel flanked by floodplains on both sides has been considered. The simulation was carried out by solving 3D continuity and Reynolds ave...
Naeem Ejaz*, Daulat Khan**, Usman Ali Naeem*, Muhammad Ali Shamim*, Usman Ghani* and Muhammad Fiaz Tahir*
INVESTIGATION TO CHECK THE FEASIBILITY OF COMPOSTING FOR SMALL CITIES IN DEVELOPING WORLD: A CASE STUDY OF TAXILA CITY
...omposition of solid communal waste from a small city in a developing world and investigates the feasibility of using composting waste treatment. Taxila, a small city in Rawalpindi District, is selected as a focal area for this study and to start with the prevalent major environmental problems resulting from poor solid waste management were investigated. In the next stage of investigation, focal area was f...
Feroza Arshad*, Aftab Ahmed Memon**, Muhammad Aslam Uqaili** and Arshad Habib Malik*
SYNTHESIS OF A NOVEL ROBUST INTELLIGENT CASCADED REACTIVITY CONTROLLER FOR CANDU REACTOR
...ting technique. The original reactivity controller of CANDU nuclear power plant is a networked controller implemented on a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). The new NICRC is designed based on two Intelligent Distributed Cascaded Power Controller (IDCPC) and Intelligent Cascaded Moderator Level Controller (ICMLC) for moderator level control in CANDU reactor core. The IDCPC is composed of three neural sub-controllers while ICMLC is compose...
Shahrukh Khalid* and Athar Mahboob**
A SURVEY ON AUTO-CONFIGURATION MECHANISMS FOR MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS (MANETS)
...ETs are peculiar in nature. Current networking software stacks and services are based on TCP/IP model which is IP address centric. All nodes which want to communicate must have unique IP addresses. Auto-configuration refers to assignment of unique IP addresses to the nodes of MANETs. Due to characteristics of MANETs, assignment of IP addresses to nodes is a non-trivial problem and renders itself as an open issue and potential problem for&nb...
Sikandar Khan*, Afzal Khan*, Muhammad Tahir Khan*, Muhammad Ali Kamran* and Abdul Shakoor*
DYNAMIC MODELING AND STARTING BEHAVIOR OF A SMALL HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE
...” and “Aerodynamic function” are used based on the Blade element momentum theory. These Matlab functions calculate the wind turbine blade parameters and aerodynamic forces that will act on wind turbine blades. Pro/E models were then developed on the basis of these parameters. Pro/E models were imported into ADAMS to calculate the output torques. Our analysi...
Muhammad Shaheen
APPLICATION OF LABELLED K MEANS CLUSTERING FOR GIS CONTRACT AUTOMATION
...ent, operation and maintenance). At present, the tracking is done in a non-discrete manner through manual inspection. Manual tracking is inevitable because (1) no indicators have so far been developed for evaluation by an automatic tracking system, (2) No automated system exists to evaluate the performance of GIS service provider and the client on the basis of performance indicators and (3) there is no centralized mechanism for pena
Faheem Ali1, Muhammad Amir1, Muhammad Iftikhar Khan1, Muhammad Naeem Arbab1, Abdul Basit2, Muhammad Kashif Khan1, Gulzar Ahmad1
AN SVC BASED POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT MODEL FOR CONSUMERS CONNECTED TO WEAK BUSSES IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
...consumers use other alternatives like switched capacitor banks to cope with low power factor but the limitation is step-wise reactive power injection which does not meet the changing load requirements. Real time improvement requires constant monitoring and real-time injection of Volt-Ampere-Reactive (VAR) which is possible with the help of a Static VAR Compensator (SVC). An SVC based Power Quality Improvement (PQI) is proposed in this paper which add...
Mehreen Ijaz
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TENSILE STRENGTH OF MULTIFILAMENT SILK AND VICRYL SUTURES USED IN SURGERY
...ilaments based on either natural or synthetic content. Mechanical and physical properties of sutures are crucial requirements to make an informed decision for their appropriate use in surgery. This study was aimed at determining and comparing the tensile strength of sutures made with silk and vicryl materials in straight and knot pull. An experimental study was conducted. Samples of sutures made with silk and vicryl used for surgery were collected from va...
Amjad Hussain1, Ata Ur Rehman2, Zia Ur Rehman Tahir3, Aftab Ahmad1, Fahad Noor3, Qasar Wasique Ahmad1
INVESTIGATION OF EMPLOYEES’ PERCEPTION ABOUT LEAN IMPLEMENTATION
...ementation and its sustainability are strongly linked with the organizational culture and working environment
especially how employees interact with each other’s and what’s their attitude towards their jobs. Literature reveals that employee’s behaviour towards lean implementation is controversial; some perceives this positive and others take this negative. This study...
Behram Khan1, Amir Nawaz Khan2, Said Qasim3, Atta-ur Rahman4
ANALYSIS OF HUMAN PERCEPTIONS AND ADAPTATIONS TO FLASH FLOODS IN KHYBER AGENCY, FATA
...e present study aims to analyse the human perceptions and adaptations to recurrent devastating flash floods in Khyber Agency, FATA. The study is mainly based on both primary data sources including field observations, structured questionnaire survey and focus group discussions supported by secondary data sources. Three hundred adult residents in five sample villages along Chora River and its tributaries were interviewed by us...
Gulzar Ahmad1, M. Inayatullah Babar2
AN EFFICIENT PATCH ANTENNA WITH IMPROVED BANDWIDTH FOR FUTURE APPLICATIONS
...merits of the patch antenna like low bandwidth and low efficiency have been addressed. A wideband and efficient microstrip patch antenna of 9×18mm2 size has been proposed for satellite and other fields of communications in future. The size of the antenna is very small and will definitely require a small space in the electronic equipment. An efficient substrate material...
Amir Naveed1, Unsia Habib1, Fouzia Parveen2, Syed Naveed Ul Hasan1, Muddasar Habib1, Irfan Shah1
AN INVESTIGATION OF HEAVY AND TRACE ELEMENTS IN COAL DEPOSITS OF MAKARWAL PAKISTAN AND THEIR POSSIBLE IMPACTS ON SURROUNDING WATER-CASE STUDY
...Makarwal area were also analyzed and found to be contaminated with heavy metal pollutants....
Uzma Nawaz1*, Muhammad Iftikhar Khan1, Muhammad Naeem Arbab1
TECHNO-ECONOMICS OF UPS SYSTEM AS BACKUP POWER SOURCE DURING LOAD SHEDDING
...les. In particular analysis shows that the operating cost of the battery increases with the number of cycles the battery undergoes. The work will form a platform for conducting studies related to UPS, for setting standards, policy and the areas where improvement is needed....
Sikandar Bilal Khattak, Iftikhar Hussain, Rashid Nawaz
EVALUATING THE SOCIAL ASPECT OF SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION FOR PAKISTAN VIA ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS
...n: justify;"> Sustainable Development, sustainability and sustainable construction are not synonymous to each other. In the past decade researchers have presented models for sustainability and identified factors for different countries. Most of the definition related to sustainability, sustai
Saman Shahid1, Shahid Ali1, Muhammad Abdullah Ahmad1, Sarfraz Munir2
RE-DESIGNING AND OPERATIONAL ANALYSES OF THE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT CONTROL IN IRRIGATION CANAL NETWORK
...sign of the irrigation canals in Punjab. The design of an entire canal network is a tiresome and laborious work, where engineers spend months to design canals. Over the years, engineers and agriculturists in the Punjab have been trying to find a solution to the sediment transport problem which occurs in existing irrigation system. To address these problems, the can...
Majid Ashraf, Mohammad Haseeb Zafar, Tariqullah Jan
EFFICIENT ROUTING SCHEME FOR UNIDIRECTIONAL LINKS IN MULTI-HOP NETWORKS
...e presence of unidirectional links. The distinct feature of this routing scheme is the capability to actively provide routing paths even though a large number of unidirectional links are present in the network. The results depict that the routing scheme is able to reduce the delay and routing overhead compared with the already available routing scheme like AODV and AODV-Blacklist. The performance of proposed r...
Muhammad Qasim Khan1*, Syed Athar Masood1 and Shahzad Naeem Qureshi2
REFORMULATION OF PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT MODEL FOR PUBLIC SECTOR AUTOMOBILE REBUILD ORGANIZATIONS
...es significantly towards national economy in developing countries. Nonetheless, productivity and output of public sector rebuild organizations remains very low despite huge budgetary disbursements. On the contrary, private sector organizations achieve high productivity and output as these organizations work to maximize their profit. This paper attempts to identify reasons for low productivity and reduced output of ...
Muhammad Shahzad1, Arif Iqbal Umar1, Syed Hamad Shirazi1, Muhammad Tariq Pervez2*, Zakir Khan1, Waqas Yousaf1
HCDP: HEPATITIS C DATA BANK OF PAKISTAN
...s mainly concerned their national level/specific demographic region strains for analysis. No HCV database available to find the HCV prevalence and distribution in Pakistan. We proposed a Hepatitis C virus database for Pakistani community, Hepatitis C Data Bank of Pakistan (HCDP). HCDP will be the first database that will holds HCV sequences obtained from Pakistani strains&nb...
Ahmad Khan1*, Yasir Mehmood2
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FOR MACHINE TYPE COMMUNICATION AND INTERNET OF THINGS IN MOBILE NETWORKS
... the MTC data traffic is narrowband. Several types MTCDs send data in the form of small packets. It is expected that millions of MTCDs would be deployed in a cell, which would require simultaneous connectivity. This massive data traffic may affect the existing normal data traffic negatively, as it will overburden the system and furthermore spectrum would be utilized inefficiently. This paper proposes a solution for efficient spectrum utiliz...
Nashitah Alwaz1, Safdar Raza1*, Sadaqat Ali1
A COMMUNICATION-FREE SIGNAL GENERATING TECHNIQUE FOR REACTIVE POWER CORRECTION IN ISLANDED MICROGRID
...ed/communication free signal generating mechanism is proposed. The mechanism injects the transient reactive power in frequency droop characteristics by observing the changes in microgrid. This injection disturbs the actual active power sharing which is helpful for the computation of reactive power sharing errors. These errors are minimized by utilizing the proportional integral (PI) controller. The PI controll...
Zawar Hussain Khan1*, T. Aaron Gulliver2, Khizar Azam3, Khurram Shehzad Khattak4
MACROSCOPIC MODEL ON DRIVER PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR AT CHANGES IN TRAFFIC
... model is based on analogies with the ideal gas law. A traffic constant is proposed which considers both physiological and psychological driver behavior. Physiological behavior is the time taken to observe and process local traffic conditions and then initiate actions while psychological behavior includes the attitude and awareness of a driver. Thus, the traffic constant encompasses the perception, awareness, attitude, and reaction of a dri...
Sikandar Bilal Khattak1*, and Iftikhar Hussain1
ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENT CONSCIENCE CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES IN PAKISTAN USING SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO
...ntribution to global and national Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is significant. However, it is a source of carbon emissions and solid waste as well. The positive impact is more of a community or region based, whereas its contribution to climate change has a global spread. For years, environment-friendly construction, green buildings, lean construction, and sustainable constru...
Shakil Rehman Sheikh1*, Zafar Ullah Koreshi1, Nouman Ghafoor1, Muhammad Shahid Khalil1, Muzzamil Ghaffar1
MITIGATING CO2 EMISSIONS OF ACADEMIC BUILDINGS IN PAKISTAN USING ENERGY CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES
...d. The measurements and analysis indicated that other measures like the use of different types of window glazing, LED Lighting, efficient gas heating, and improvement in behavior pattern could also result in substantial energy savings. The maximum achievable savings can be as much as 50% of the energy cost of the school buildings. Additionally, once extrapolated over the entire school-going population of Pakis...
Shakir Azim1*, Sahar Noor1, Rehman Akhtar1, Qazi Salman Khalid1, Tufail Habib1, Usman Ghani2
SETTING OF PROCESS PARAMETERS AND EFFECT OF MOULD QUALITY ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF PHARMACEUTICAL CUP OF POLYPROPYLENE
...ty of the molded items. Inappropriate or unseemly settings of parameters normally create quality and production issues. Minute changes of significant molding parameters may give an extensive effect to the plastic product’s characteristics and this research paper is also anticipated to lend a hand to the optimization of parameters of vertical plastic injection molding process. In this study, the plastic product has been fabricated using a m...
Riaz Sayed1, Khizar Azam1, Waqar Shah1, Inayat Babar1, Hamidullah1, and Sahar Noor1
A REVIEW OF DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF FATIGUE
...road accidents. The National Road Safety Secretariat (NRSS) Pakistan estimates, the annual economic cost of highway crashes over rupees one hundred billion (over US$ 1.6 billion) for Pakistan. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the previous literature regarding driver fatigue and drowsiness research, the present state of research and the future trends. Various factors that may contribute to driver fatigue and drowsiness, Fatigue ...
Nisar Mohammad1, Mohammad Mansoor Khan1
RECOVERY OF TALC FROM TALC- CARBONATE SCHIST OF SWAT EMERALD MINES, NWFP, PAKISTAN
... present research preliminary investigations like petrographic study, grain size evaluation and chemical analysis were undertaken on talc bearing rock of Swat emerald mines, aiming at finding some suitable processing technique to recover talc. A few processing tests using flotation, gravity separation and leaching methods were conducted to see the amenability of talc to enri...
Abdul Shakoor1, R.A. Sayed2, Khizar Azam2
KNOWLEDGE BASE TECHNOLOGIES AS A NEW PARADIGM IN DATA DRIVEN MANUFACTURING SYSTEM
...ity of cross-functional systems and subsequently provide the basis for diverse utilization of knowledge base technologies in manufacturing. The effective knowledge sharing framework in manufacturing industries is used to speed-up the New Product Development & Introduction (NPDI) process and improves the effectiveness of information flow in Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) environment. This paper des...
Amjad Ali1, Hong Luo1, Khalid Saifullah Syed2, Muhammad Ishaq2
A PARALLEL DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN CODE FOR COMPRESSIBLE FLUID FLOWS ON UNSTRUCTURED GRIDS
...on is based on computational domain partitioning, making use of the well-known graph and mesh partitioning package METIS. Single Program Multiple Data (SPMD) message passing parallel programming model has been employed, by making use of the de-facto industry standard Message Passing Interface (MPI) library. Favorable parallelization characteristics of the discontinuous Galerkin scheme have been exploited for hiding the communications behind...
Adnan Tariq,1 Iftikhar Hussain,2 Abdul Ghafoor,3 Sahar Noor2
AN EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHM FOR JOB-SHOP SCHEDULING
...roach is actually a combination of a Local Search Heuristic (LSH) with standard GA and optimizes the value of makespan. Computational experience, that includes some case studies and a number of problems from literature, shows that the LSH has the tendency to minimize the makespan value and help the algorithm to find out the optimum solution for the problem in fewer generations.
...
Iftikhar Ahmad1, Sahar Noor1
CHARACTERIZATION OF CERAMICS WALL TILES USING LOCAL TALC AS A FLUXING AGENT
...ilable in Pakistan. Internationally talc is used with other raw materials to produce wall tiles. But due to difference in mineralogical locations of the local talc and other raw materials, a local optimum wall tile composition was needed which can lead to the utilization of abundant talc resources in Pakistan. Considering this fact, here, several different compositions are arranged and a
Laiq Khan1, Sidra Mumtaz2, Kamran Javed3, S.W. Shah4, M.I. Khan Babar5, S.R. Akbar6
GENERATORS MAINTENANCE SCHEDULING USING HARMONY SEARCH ALGORITHM
...oblems. Generators maintenance schedules (GMS) play the most significant role for the economical and reliable operation of a power production system. This paper presents the application of harmony search (HS) algorithm for solving generators maintenance scheduling problem. HS algorithm is quite efficient, because, the convergence rate of this algorithm is very fast. HS algorithm is based on the concept of...
Faizullah Mahar1, Syed Saad Azhar Ali1, Abid Karim1
DESIGN OF FIXED ORDER ROBUST CONTROLLER USING H∞ -NORM AND EVOLUTIONARY TECHNIQUES: COMPARISONS AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
...ant and it is complex in nature as well. Moreover, in these design methods the order of controller cannot be fixed a priori to control law design. In industrial applications it is hard to execute these controllers practically. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes the use of evolutionary techniques (i.e. genetic algorithm and immune algorithm) for the designing of a low, fixed order robust controller. ...
Muhammad Naeem Khan Khattak1, Hamidullah1, Shehryar2
PROBLEMS, ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE AUTOMOTIVE VENDOR INDUSTRY OF PAKISTAN—I
...sp;presents very useful analysis and comprehensive recommendations for solution of major problems of the automotive vendor industry. The problems of automotive vendor industry are identified as a result of interviews with vendors of the industry. The problems of car vendors are divided into five major categories: processes/ operations, supply chain, resources, testing & quality control, and poor technology climate. It includes both the ...
Adnan Ali Khan,* and Shahrukh Khalid**
CAPACITY ESTIMATION OF SIMO SYSTEMS IN THE PRESENCE OF CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE
...ent. The performance is analyzed by calculating the ergodic capacity and hence the spectral efficiency for Rayleigh fading SIMO channel in the presence of unequal power Rayleigh fading co-channel interferes. Expressions for evaluating system’s capacity using maximum ratio combining (MRC) are presented. The analytical results are verified by developing Monte Carlo simulations. Fi
Usman Ali Naeem*, Hashim Nisar*, Habib-ur-Rehman** and Naeem Ejaz*
DEVELOPMENT OF FLOOD DISCHARGE MODELS USING GIS
...rk duly integrating both natural and artificial networks. Advance applications allow an excellent automated system to monitor, control and manage water allocations to better utilize water resources, minimize wastage and predict hazards. The first step to all of this is to have accurate information of the catchment areas, so that in coordination with concerned departments,&nb...
Arshad Habib Malik*, Aftab Ahmed Memon** and Muhammad Rafiq Khan***
DYNAMIC MODELING AND CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
...s paper. The nonlinear dynamic model of PHWR power reactor is developed based on reactor, logarithmic amplifier, moderator level control valve and reactivity system. The nonlinear model is characterized by 15 state variables and one input. This higher order nonlinear model is linearized at full power operating point. A standard higher order state space model is realized for controller design purpose. An advanced discrete controller is synth...
Muhammad Shaheen*, Muhammad Shahbaz*, Zahoor ur Rehman* and Sajid Mehmood*
A METHOD OF DATA MINING FOR SUSTAINABLE HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION
...t-align: justify;">Sustainability needs balance in ecology, economy and social justice. The world in this century is badly suffered by unsustainable development causing recession crisis, manpower crisis etc. Energy is vital for economy of a country so it has sound impact on sustainable development. In any country energy is explored to meet consumption requirements and it is ...
S.W. Shah*, M.I. Babar*, L. Khan**, M.N. Arbab*, H. Ullah*** and R.A. Syed***
RELIABLE MULTICAST IMPLEMENTATION IN JAVA
...ll packets to their destination, packets may occasionally be delayed, lost, duplicated, or delivered out of order. One of multicast’s weaknesses is its lack of reliability due to its use of UDP for data transmission. Reliable transmission means that there should be no packet loss, no disordering and no duplication of packets at the receiver side. The focus of this paper is to implement Reliable Multicast...
Rafi Javed Qureshi* and Iftikhar Hussain**
INTERNATIONALIZING MANUFACTURING SMEs IN A DEVELOPING REGION: AN EXHAUSTIVE CDA-BASED EXPLORATORY APPROACH
...xt-align: justify;">Internationalization of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in developing economies is a hybrid strategy where reactive remedies and proactive styles of inward/outward operations is sought by innovative and risk seeking entrepreneurs. Exporting remains the dominant mode of internationaliza...
Rashidullah*, Irshad Ahmad**
SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS OF ISLAMABAD
...ustify;">Seismic Hazard Analysis (SHA) is carried out for the city of Islamabad using both deterministic and probabilistic approach. Earthquake catalogue compiled by National Engineering Services Pakistan (NESPAK) for the period of (1505-2006) has been used. All Quaternary faults in the vicinity of Islamabad have been considered for deterministic hazard a
Muhammad Waseem*, Irshad Ahmad**, Muhammad Asif Khan**
DETERMINISTIC SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS AND SELECTION OF TIME HISTORIES FOR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS FOR A SITE IN SWABI
...ministic Seismic Hazard Analysis (DSHA) for a site near Tarbela Dam, Pakistan. The PGAs from all NGAs are weighted to get mean PGA for design. The site of interest, where previously recorded PGA was 0.16g for Kashmir 2005 earthquake-150 Km away from the epicenter, is surrounded by 8 faults. This site has a forty feet high slope inclined at 53° to the horizontal and made of dense gravels with a mixture of silt, clay, and sand. On top and...
Samet Hasan Abaci1,*, Hasan Onder1, Mustafa Sahin2 and Esra Yavuz3
...20 and 150 days and combinations of them for every breed. To compare the Mean Square Errors (MSE) of the models, the autocorrelation values of Durbin Watson (DW), the information criteria of Akaike (AIC) and the coefficient of determination (R2) were used as comparison criteria. Kruskal Wallis H test was used to compare comparison criteria in different models. The Mann Whitney U test was used to compare the groups...
Kadir Karakuş1, Turgut Aygün2, Şenol Çelik3, Mohammad Masood Tariq4*, Muhammad Ali4, Majed Rafeeq4 and Farhat Abbas Bukhari4
...ll provide 4.095 to LW. Analytic results shown that MARS outperformed CHAID, Exhaustive CHAID, and CART approaches in terms of R2, Adj. R2, RMSE, SD ratio, MAPE and AIC provided effective alternatives for forecasting live weight of lambs. Purpose of MARS algorithm having very high predictive precision in the prediction of LW from body features may put onward a new view point for 39 lambs breeders.
Parakriti Gupta1, Kapil Goyal2 and Mini Pritam Singh3*
Hepatitis E Virus and Zoonosis
...developing and developed nations. HEV is a single stranded RNA non-enveloped virus belonging to the family Hepeviridae. Globally, HEV is known to cause approximately 20 million infections per annum with a mortality of 44,000. The virus is endemic in developing nations and the outbreaks occur mainly in the post monsoon season when the drinking water gets ...
Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta1,2*, Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar3*, Muhammad Shoaib4, Wangyuan Yao3, Muhammad Asif5, Shah Nawaz6, Moazam Ali7 and Ayesha Kanwal8
Exploratory Study on the Psychological Impact of COVD-19 on Students
...im of this study was to analyse the strike of severe novel coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) on domestic students who were at high risk of exposure. A cross sectional study was conducted through a semi structured questionnaire. Recruitment of participants was done from different universities of Pakistan. The results showed that the students are more concer...
Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh1,2*, Mohammad Tufazzal Hussan3, Md. Abul Hashem2,4, Mohammad Eliyas5 and A.K.M. Mostafa Anower1
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Infection: An Emerging Threat to Cattle Health in Bangladesh
...e service during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks in controlling LSD....
Dibyendu Biswas1*, Shib Shankar Saha2, Shankar Biswas3 and Md. Abu Sayeed4
Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease of Cattle in South-West Part of Bangladesh and its Clinical Management
... evaluate the present scenario of LSD and its clinical management at different house-holds at south-west region of Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was developed and data were collected from the two upazila (Monirampur and Abhaynagar) at Jessore district. A total of 52 small house-holds and 183 cattle were observed the study period from 15 June to ...
Mehwish Liaquat1*, Arshad Mahmood Malik1, Muhammad Ishaq1, Hafiz Muhammad Qasim Ashraf2 and Ismara Naseem1
...heck the growth and germination behaviour of different tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) varieties grown under hydroponic conditions. Five different tomato varieties (Berberana F1, Lezaforta F1, Elipida F1, Premium Ruby and Cherry Tomato) were used for the experiment. Growth related parameters such as shoot length, root length; stem diameter and number of leaves were observed at 30 days aged seedlings in coco peat media. T...
Markus I. Francis1*, Paul I. Ankeli2, Clara N. Kwanashie1, Jibril Adamu1, Lushaikyaa Allam1, Mashood A. Raji3, Godwin O. Egwu4, Flavio Sacchini5 and Massimo Scacchia5
Detection of Mycoplasma bovis from Cattle Presented for Slaughter in Adamawa and Taraba States, Northeastern Nigeria
...s of lung tissues (180), nasal swab (180), ear swab (60) and pleural fluid (60) were collected from 190 heads of cattle at slaughter in Yola and Jalingo abattoirs in Adamawa and Taraba States, respectively Samples were processed based on standard laboratory protocols. An overall Mycoplasma bovis isolation rate of 0.83% (4/480) was obtained. Based on the states studied, 1 (0.35%) and 3 (1.53%) M. bovis were isolated from Adamawa and Taraba States, respectively ...
Sikander Hiyat1, Nazim Hussain1, Muhammad Ishaq Asif Rehmani2*, Muhammad Nasir Abbas2, Smana Raza3, Javed Shabbir Dar4 and Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir5
...er spacing levels. Ultra-narrow row spacing (RS1, 25 cm) Combination of narrow row spacing (RS2, 50 cm) and mepiquat chloride application slightly higher seed cotton yield. Ultra-narrow row spacing must carefully use to exploit in the cotton production system was appeared to be a viable alternative approach for success...
Hina Imtiaz1*, Salma Khalid2, Kashaf Riaz1, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3 and Zubair Rehman4
...cling and proper waste management were carried out through self-administered questionnaires. In order to observe coagulant effect according to Pakistan National Environmental Quality (Standards (Pak-NEQS), the collected samples were treated in the laboratory for identification and recommending suitable coagulant. Three different treatments were practiced i.e. Alum, Lime and Alum+ Lime. For...
Uzma Arif1, Sadar Uddin Siddiqui2, Muhammad Fareed Khan1, Muhammad Arshad3 and Shakeel Ahmad Jatoi2
...ecorded for percent germination, shoot length (cm), root length (cm), fresh seedling biomass (g) and dry seedling biomass (g); revealing significant differences at all temperature regimes, controlled incubation period for ageing as well as their interaction. Rising temperatures was much steeper and negatively correlated as compared to the incubation period. The germination rate declined gradually at all temperatures, whereas...
Sinan Uzundumlu1, Yesim Buyukates1,*, Murat Yigit2, Musa Bulut2, Rıdvan Kaan Gurses1 and Barbaros Celikkol3
...imits pronounced in international organizations such as EPA and FAO, and national organizations such as WPCR and RTMAF as well as the previous studies conducted in the region. According to the results, a decrease in dissolved oxygen and pH was observed at the farm while increases in inorganic nutrients except for ammonia were recorded. TSS values showed ...
Fang Liu*
...e, using ex vivo analyses in chick, we show that FGF10 exerts concentration dependent functions in angiogenesis and hypothalamic axon guidance. At lower concentration of 100ng/ml, FGF10 promotes angiogenesis in chorioallantoic membrane endothelial capillaries (CAMs), but FGF10 does not alter the endothelial growth significantly at higher concentration (500ng/ml, P>0.05). Simultaneously, FGF10 exerts a graded action, at lower concentration FGF10 attra...
Ming-Yan Shi2, Xu-Liang Yan1, Ping-Ping Han1, Yu-Jie Tang1 and Hui-Xia Li1*
...at Wnt/β-catenin signaling is involved in the regulation of multipotent cell differentiation and is essential for the regulation of adipogenesis. However, the differentially-expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in SMSC adipogenesis induction, and the role of these miR
Ghulam Murtaza1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Muhammad Ashraf Malik2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Ayesha Zafar1 and Sher Muhammad3
... of 3 different types (canal water and saline water of electrical conductivity values 2 and 3 dS m-1) were used alone and with farmyard manure (FYM) at 5 and 10 Mg/ha. This trial comprised of 09 treatments which were; T1 = irrigation of canal water, T2 = irrigation of EC 2 dS m-1 water, T3 = irrigation of EC 3 dS m-1 water, T4 = T1+ FYM at 5 Mg/ha, T5 = T2 + FYM at 5 Mg/ha, T6 = T3 + FYM at 5 Mg/ha, T7 = T1 + FYM at 10 Mg/ha...
Muhammad Usama Hameed*, Zulfiqar Ali Gurmani, Sajjad Khan and Allah Bakhsh
...e Research Program, National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC) Islamabad, Pakistan. This variety was selected from material imported from New Zealand for better agronomic characters and improved fodder yield. For initial two years (2006-07 and 2007-08) selections were made, and head-to-row method was used to reduce hetrozygosity. In 2009-10 and 20010-11, this line was evaluated in prelim...
Zahid Hassan Tarar1, Muhammad Salik Ali Khan2*, Shahzada Munawar Mehdi3, Raza Salim4, Irfan Ahmad Saleem1, Saima Nazar5, Munir David2, Tahir Majeed6, Muhammad Sufyan Mughal7, Muhammad Saleem8, Umer Iqbal9, Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal10 and Muhammad Khalid Shaheen3
...site-specific nutrient management after assessing the micronutrient status at a particular site. This study was conducted to quantify and visualize the spread of plant available micronutrients in district Mandi Bahauddin. Total 1194 georeferenced soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-15cm maintaining a sampling grid cell size of 10-acres (40469 m2) throughout the sampling area. These samples were analyzed for plant ava...
Guang-Hui Tan, Yi-Yu Zhang*, Yuan-Yu Qin, Lei Wu and Jie-Zhang Li
...u Black Muscovy (Cairina moschata). We detected two novel silent mutations, CDS 216 A>G and CDS 681 T>A in exon 2 and exon 3 of CYP7A1 gene, respectively, and both SNPs changed DNA single strand conformation. The A and T allele of CDS 216 A>G and CDS 681 T>A was dominant allele, and its frequency was 0.554 and 0.800, respectively. Each...
Zakeer Ahmed Khan Abbasi* and Allah Nawaz
...obviously determines the nature, quality and strength of climate change adaptations. The current study measures the impact of climate change awareness on climate change adaptation and climate change adaptation issues (constraints) and their interactions to help in addressing the native agricultural issues emerging from global climate change. The statistical analysis of the field data suppo...
Matiullah Khan1*, Humera Arif2, Muhammad Rasheed2, Motsim Billah3 and Shoaib Ahmad1
...per kg RP. The periodic analysis of the reacted RP showed that availability of P increased with the time span, irrespective of the treatments and locations. However, the highest P in all reacted RP was recorded on day 90. Beyond day 90, the P content showed a declining trend, especially in reacted RP of Paswal and Kakul. These results reveal that with the change in mineralogy of RP, the requirement of H2SO4 for solubilizing P also changes hence, separate formu...
Haiyan Yang1, Hongxia Liu1, Wenlong Wu1*, Weilin Li2 and Lianfei Lyu1
...tion in many areas of China. In present study, the blackberry cultivar ‘Hull Thornless’ was chosen for drought stress analysis. All plants were grown in pots under greenhouse conditions, and were subjected to 20-day drought stress by withholding irrigation, followed by re-watering for 5 days. The changes in leaf water content (LWC), electrolyte leakage (EL), concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, protein, sol...
Roni Koneri1*, Meis Nangoy2 and Pience V. Maabuat1
...arch study was aimed to analyse the composition and diversity of dragonflies in Tunan Waterfall area, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Sampling was conducted from March 2018 to May 2018 at at three types of habitat, namely primary forest, secondary forest, and agricultural land. At each habitat type were laid four 300-metre-long transect lines. The lines were placed along the river of each habit...
Faruk Çolak1 and Ferhat Matur2,3,*
...ion is to use seismic signalling, by head drumming, to convey species-specific information. The lesser blind mole rats (Nannospalax sp.) are obligate subterranean rodents known for their remarkable chromosomal variation. In the present study, we investigated whether the structure of seismic signalling is different between the two species found in Turkey, Nannospalax leucodon and the N. xanthodon and whet...
Magbolah Salem Helal Alzahrani
...l established as a medicinal plant. There are many different species of chamomile, the two most common being German chamomile (Marticaria chamomilla) and Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile). The use of chamomile has been associated with calming and anti-inflammatory properties. The plant’s healing properties come from its flowers, which contain volatile oils including bisabolol, bisabolol oxides A and B, and matricin as well as flavonoids....
Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Sher Bahadar Khan2, Shakoor Ahmad2, Irshad Ahmad3, Kashif Prince1*, Ghazunfar Rashid1, Mahboob Ali1, Imdad Ullah Khan4, Asad Ullah5, Naimat Ullah4, Muhammad Shoaib2 and Said Sajjad Ali Shah2
...fringens. Genotypic Analysis of all isolates from infected sheep was performed. Results showed, 53.27% isolates showed infection of CP type A, 10.28% of type B and 36.44% of type D. Animal infected with different serotypes (A, B, and C) were categorized into two groups healthy and diseased to compare the hematological and biochemical parameters. Hematobiochemical analysis indicated that mean erythrocyte count (RBC...
Cheng Zhao1,2, Jianghong Ran2*, Bin Wang2,3, Qin Shi4 and Marwan M.A. Rashed1
Olga Mikhailovna Blinnikova1*, Vadim Anatolyevich Babushkin1, Lyudmila Gennadievna Eliseeva2 and Galina Severyanovna Usova3
Modeling a Formulation and Assessment of the Consumer Properties of the Special Purpose Starch Drink
... of the goods for functional, medical preventive and medical purposes, capable to fill the shortage of collagen and to stimulate the human body to produce its own protein. Drinking kissel is a perspective product type for enrichment the CCR (Central Chernosem Region’s) fruit and berry’s by collagen and natural physiologically active agents. At the same time the new types of drinking kissel useful to health, in as...
Syeda Farzana Bibi* and Siraj-ud-Din
Fluorescence Analysis, Extractive Values and Cytotoxic Screening of Crataeva adansonii DC Leaf and Bark through Brine Shrimp Larvae Assay
...eva adansonii is a medicinal plant and many folklore uses of this plant are well known to us. Pharmacognostic studies like finding extractive values and nutritional values play a vital role in the determination of adulterated or exhausted drugs. It lays down parameters for authentication and standardization of drugs. The cytotoxic study helps in the evaluation of a drug for its toxicity, w...
Kamran Ghasemi1*, Mostafa Emadi2, Asghar Bagheri3 and Mehdi Mohammadi1
Casing Material and Thickness Effects on the Yield and Nutrient Concentration of Agaricus bisporus
...are so important operational steps in button mushroom production potentially leading to the variation in yields and nutritional characteristics of mushroom. Four casing layers comprising commercial casing soil (CCS), spent compost (SC), coco peat (CP) and vermicompost in three thicknesses (2, 4 and 6 cm) were evaluated in this study for production of Agaricus bisporus. The CCS treatment had the most mushroom y...
Waqar Majeed1, Naureen Rana1, Elmo Borges de Azevedo Koch2* and Shahla Nargis1
...eloping the strategy for natural biological control. This can only be achieved by coordinated planning and conservation measures among sites.
...
Mazhar Abbas1*, Kishwar Jam1, Rashid Iqbal Khan1, Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye2, Tariq Rafique3 and Zahid Mahmood4
Mahak Fatima1, Memoona Syed1, Rabia Zeeshan2, Farah Rauf Shakoori3, Naveed Shahzad4, Moazzam Ali1 and Zeeshan Mutahir1*
...tant breast cancer cells named MCF7-R. For this purpose, we transfected MCF7-R cells with MTH1 specific validated siRNA. Successful transfection of siRNA and consequent cytotoxicity in MCF7-R cells was confirmed by qRT-PCR, western blotting and cell viability assay. As a result of siR
Maryam Yousaf1, Naveed Shahzad2, Zeeshan Mutahir1 and Moazzam Ali1*
...RT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed that PC-3/Res cells also had significantly up-regulated expression of Rab21. To study the effect of Rab21 on MRP-1 mediated multidrug resistance, siRNA mediated knockdown of Rab21 was performed. Results showed that the knocking down of Rab21 decreased the drug efflux ability of PC-3/Res cells, possibly by altering the surface localisation of MRP-1. T...
Anum Feroz1, Abdul Rauf Shakoori2 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1*
...orpyrifos and their combinations was studied on the specific activities of esterases in the 4th and 6th instar larvae of susceptible laboratory strain (Lab-S) and deltamethrin resistant population (GUW) of stored grain pest, Trogoderma granarium. After exposure to LC20 of bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos and their combinations of 3:1 and 1:3, the acti...
Ayesha Noreen1, Amina Elahi1, Dilara Abbas Bukhari2 and Abdul Rehman1*
...s3+) into arsenate (As5+) and the predominant form of arsenite oxidase was intracellular and its optimum activity recorded was determined as 730 and 750µM/min (calculated by both Safranine O spectrophotometric and molybdene blue methods) at pH 7 and 37°C in the presence of Zn2+ as cofactor. The protein profile of B. cereus 3.1S, showed two bands of approximately 14 and 70 kDa...
Hamed A. Ghramh,1, 2, 3,Zubair Ahmad 1, 2, 4, Khalid Ali Khan1, 2, 3*and Farhat Khan4
...: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) are described. The genus Microplitis is recorded for the first time from Saudi Arabia. Characters of these new species and their affinities with related species are discussed.
...
Mah Jabeen and Amjad Farooq*
...a viz,. B. napus, B. juncea. B. compestris and B. rapa were studied for their relative resistance/susceptibility against aphids, under field conditions for three consecutive crop seasons i.e., 2009-2010, 2010-2011 and 2011-2012. The data on the incidence of aphids were recorded at weekly interval. Host plant susceptibility indices were also calculated. B. napus was found to be susceptib...
Muhammad Khan1, Tehmina Ameer Khan1, Aziz Ud Din2, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1, Irfan Ullah3,*, Kalim Ullah4, Sadia Tabassum1,*
...om four families of maternally inherited HCM were collected, based on their clinical records. Three mitochondrial encoded genes 16S-rRNA (MT-RNR2), tRNAIle (MT-TI) and tRNALeu (MT-TL1) were targeted for a
Zubair Ahmad1, 2,5, Hamed A. Ghramh1, 2, 3,Khalid Ali Khan1, 2, 3*, Kavita Pandey4 and Farhat Khan5
Kui Li1, Lijun Li1, Jialun Fu2, Yi He2, Zhaohui Song2, Shuiping Zhou2, Luobu Gesang1* and Rui Liu2*
...11-day trip in Tibet, China, at an altitude of more than 3000 m. The Lake Louise Scoring System (LLSS) was also utilized to access AMS incidence and severity, twice a day, during the research period. AMS was further diagnosed when headaches and LLSS≥ 3 were present. A total of 54 subjects completed the study and no significant difference was observed in the number of individuals with AMS between the groups. However, during the whole observation period, the ...
Abdul Waheed*, Asim Faraz, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq
...stan, therefore a preliminary study was launched to highlight some aspects of this farming system prevailing in southern Punjab. For this reason data was collected from 30 households and was subjective to descriptive statistical analysis. The farmer’s family size averaged 6.4±1.6 with average monthly income of Rs. 14322.6±3026.4. These rural household had on the average 11.4±4.5 hens, 2.1±1....
Murtaza1, Syed Attaullah Shah1*, Shahid Ali1, Amjad Ali1 and Asia Baig2
Economic Analysis of Maize Production in Central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...an. Stochastic Frontier analyses were conducted over primary data, collected from randomly selected 119 maize growers. Profitability analysis confirmed high net-return for hybrid maize as compared to local maize crop. The estimated Stochastic Frontier Model-1 showed that maize yield is positively affected by hybrid seed cultivation, irrigation, organic and inorganic fertilizers application. The model predicted mean technical...
Ali Hazrat1*, Mohammad Nisar1, Khan Sher2, Jehandar Shah2, Tour Jan1 and Abid Ullah1
Taxonomic and Medicinal Study of Papilionaceae of District Upper Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...nt species of the Papilionaceae were collected from Dir Upper, with elevation ranges from 1200-4000 meters during 2015-2017. They were taxonomically determined with the help of key characters, the uses of these native plants were recorded such type of study was concluded for the first time in the selected area of Dir (Upper). In view of the fact that these plant species are scarcely distributed, hence struggle should be made...
Muhammad Rizwan1*, Bilal Atta1, Ana Maria Marino de Remes Lenicov2, Roxana Mariani2, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Muhammad Tahir3, Misbah Rizwan4, Muhammad Sabar1, Ch. Muhammad Rafique1, Muhammad Afzal5
...rovided, with distributional and biological records as well. Records are extracted primarily from field data and specialized reference sources. Seven species from two different families of Fulgoromorpha were related to rice ecosystem (Cixiidae, one species and Delphacidae; six species). Three Delphacid species, whitebacked planthopper Sogatella furcifera, brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens and small brown planthopper (SBPH) Laodelphax striat...
Shagufta Parveen1*, Kousar Perveen1, Muhammad Afzal1, Syed Amir Gilani2, Muhammad Musadaq3
...etter-spacing: -0.1px;">Inappropriate weaning practices in infancy can lead to malnutrition that may have long-lasting impacts on health of the child. The objective of this study was to find out association of malnutrition in infants with the age at which weaning was started. This is an observational, cross-sectional study which was conducted in the Pediatric Medicine Department of DHQ Hos...
Erum Bughio1, Ahmed Sultan Jatoi1*, Jibran Hussain2, Muhammad Hayat Jaspal3, Shahid Mehmood2, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq4, Reema Bughio5 and Athar Mahmud2
Comparative Study of Carcass Traits in Four Strains of Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) at 3 to 6 Weeks of Age
...nique was used for data analysis and DMR Test for comparison of means. Significant (p<0.05) differences were observed in mean slaughter and liver weight (g) in quail birds. Significant (p<0.05) differences were noted in keel length (cm) at week 3, 5 and 6 and keel angle at week-3. A significant (p<0.05) effect was observed in mean heart weight at week 3 and 6, gizzard weight at week 4, 5 and 6 and intestinal length ...
Oluwatoyin Olagunju1* and Luqman Abiodun Akinbile2
Farmers Perceptions of the Effect of Rural Transportation Systems on Farming Income in Ondo State, Nigeria
...ort systems could be a panacea for the prolonged deplorable and worsening state of rural roads in the country. This study examined the perceived effects of rural transportation systems on farmers’ income in Ondo State, Nigeria. A structured interview was used in eliciting information from 120 farmers in rural communities across the two local governments in the study area using a two-stage random sampling technique. Data used for the study were a
Tehmina Aslam, Shagufta Saeed*, Muhammed Tayyab, Huma Mujahid, Ali Raza Awan, Sehrish Firyal and AbuSaeed Hashmi
...elp in the solid waste management.
...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,*, Samina J.N. Ahmad1,2,*, Mubashir Ahmad Malik1, Abid Ali1, Muhammad Ali3, Ejaz Ahmad1, Muhammad Tahir2 and Muhammad Ashraf2
.../b> sequence analysis of PCR product indicated that specimens shared a 99-100% identity with Schistocerca gregaria gregaria)(Forskål, 1775). Molecular phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary divergence study also revealed the formation of same cluster in phylogenetic tree with that of specific subspecies S. g. gregaria which furtherdeviate genetically not only...
Zhi Yijin, Shao Mingqin* and Li Quanjiang
...birds in Poyang Lake, China, was assessed. A total of 38 bird species, including 4 class I and 3 class II Chinese nationally protected bird species were identified. Of six habitats, 64% (15,435 individuals) of the total number of wading birds counted occurred in water-covered areas. The common crane Grus grus has the widest habitat niche (0.727), utilizing grasslands and farmland af...
He Wenyun, Zhi Yijin and Shao Mingqin*
...ke, Jiangxi Province, China. We recorded 162 individuals and determined 141 by gender: the sex ratio was 1.07. There was no significant male bias (n = 141, p = 0.210). Habitat selection results indicated that Mandarin duck tended to choose habitat with vegetation cover (2.40 ± 0.84) on riverbanks, with shoal proportions of 8.00 ± 6.00%, water velocity of 0.16 ± 0.12m/s and wider river widths of 190.90 ± 113.80 m. The f...
Gregory Ejikeme Odo1,*, Juliana Ekenma Agwu1, Nkechi Nweze2, Clara Ikegbunam2,Felicia Ekeh N1, Vincent Ejere1, Ngozi Ezenwaji1, Reginald Njokuocha2, Godwin Ngwu1 and Fabian Okafor1
...re subjected to two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Duncan’s multiple comparison post hoc tests to compare the level of significance between control and experimental groups. Group A served as control in which no leaf extract was administeredwhilegroupsB,Ca
Tao He1,2,3, Cheng-jing Chen4, Jian-guang Qin3, Yun Li1,2, Rong-hua Wu1,2 and Tian-xiang Gao4,*
...lus stocks in the China coasts at the Ying Kou, Dong Ying, Qing Dao, Wen Zhou and Guang Zhou regions and test a complementary method to quantify the variation of sagittal shapes to discriminate L. haematocheilus stocks. The sagitta variation of five L. haematocheilus stocks was examined using nine shape indices (Roundness, Circularity, Form-factor, Rectangularity, Ellipticity, Radius ratio, Feret rat...
Honghai Zhang1,*, Yao Chen1, Xiaoyang Wu1, Shuai Shang2, Jun Chen2, Jiakuo Yan1, Qinguo Wei1, Xibao Wang1, Yongqiang Lu3 and Huanxin Zhang2
...us kiang) from the Jinan Wildlife World and Qinghai - Tibet Plateau Wild Animal Park. And we divide the sample into Group A (the low altitude area) and Group B (the high altitude area). we studied the basic structure of the gut microbiota by sequencing high throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 hypervariable regions. The differences of gut microbiota in the Tibetan wild ass ...
Shouguo Yang1, Fen Cheng1, Xiangyu Wu1, YiXuan Xing1, ZhiFeng Gu2 and Xianming Tang1,*
...mollusk, Hemifusus ternatanus was studied for 36 months under artificial condition. The total shell length (SL), shell width (SW) and total weight (TW) were measured for eight times throughout the experimental period. The length-weight relationship can be expressed as Wt = 0.0734×SL2.7817 (R2 = 0.9924) and width-weight can be expressed as Wt = 0.5763×SW3.036 (R2
Fei Wang1, Xianlai Zhang1, Youbao Zhong2, Xiaoen Tang3, Xiaofen Hu1,
ShanShan Yang1, Shengwei Zhong1, Zuohong Zhou1, Jin Liu1, Xu Yuan1
and Yong Li1*
...h part of intestine was analyzed by HE staining, and its vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was detected by immunohistochemistry staining and RT-qPCR. In present results, the intestinal mucosa epithelium is a single layer of columnar epithelium, other structures are relatively complete, and the intestinal villi and gl...
Muhammad Jan1*, Tanveer ul Haq2, Hina Sattar3, Madiha Butt4, Abdul Khaliq5, Muhammad Arif6 and Abdul Rauf7
... ability to grow on marginal land is an excellent choice for the farming community. The field trial was conducted with the aspect to screen out the drought-tolerant variety of chick pea keeping in view the physiological and biochemical attributes under drought conditions. Drought stress adversely reduced the vegetative growth in term of primary branches, secondary branches and pod yield. Based on biochemical, morphological and physiological parameters a signif...
Muhammad Riaz Gondal1,2*, Aqib Riaz4, Sultan Ahmad Rizvi2, Bushra Zulfiqar2, Waqas Naseem2, Humara Umar3, Ahmad Hussain1 and Mazher Iqbal3
...Hybrid). Four herbicides namely Clodinafop-propargayl (Clodinafop) @ 0. 25 and 0.375 kg ha-1, Paraquat and Glyphosate @ 1.5 and 2 L ha-1 and Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (Puma super) @ 1.0 and 1.5 L ha-1 were applied on Pak Sudac variety of S. S. Hybrid and compared their control on weedy grasses with a weedy check (no weedicide application) during summer seasons of years 2018 and 2019. It was obser...
Amar Iqbal Saqib1, Khalil Ahmed1*, Abdul Rasul Naseem1, Ghulam Qadir1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1, Muhammad Khalid2, Imtiaz Ahmad Warraich3 and Muhammad Arif4
... = 9.10). Different combinations of gypsum and humic acid tested were: T1 - control, T2 - gypsum @ 100 % GR, T3 - gypsum @ 75 % GR+ HA @ 15 kg ha-1, T4 - gypsum @ 75 % GR+ HA @ 30 kg ha-1, T5 - gypsum @ 50 % GR+ HA @ 15 kg ha-1, T6 - gypsum @ 50 % GR+ HA @ 30 kg ha-1. Yield data of each crop was documented at maturity. Results showed that growth and yield attributes increased significantly, and properties of saline-sodic field were ameliorated remarkably by th...
Shikun Ge1, 2, Yanli Yang3, Brindha Chelliappan4, 5, Antonysamy Michael5, Fagang Zhong1 and Xiaoying Zhang1, 2, 3, 4*
...assive therapy for veterinary diseases, and the egg yolk has proved to be a promising source of antibodies. However, the extraction methods and storage stability of IgY antibodies from egg yolk for feed supplements remain major problems in mass production. Based on Based on IgY antibody titer, IgY thermostability, IgY acid and alkali resistance, resistance to trypsin and pepsin, four different IgY purification methods (PEG extraction, water dilution method, th...
Aribah Naz1*, Uzma Badar1,Afsheen Arif2*, Zaid Qureshi1, Sondas Saeed1,Erum Shoeb1, Maqsood Ali Ansari1 and Obaid Yusuf Khan1
...cing. The sequence data analysis of the isolated strain showed 98% homology with Vibrio harveyi species. The sequence obtained has been submitted to NCBI under GenBank Accession# KY653092. Characterization of luminescent bacteria facilitates understanding of the environmental differences that favors the stability, survival and proliferation of species in their respective habitat.
...
Safia Arbab1, Rehana Buriro1, Shams Uddin Bhugio1, Atta Hussain Shah2, Jamila Soomro3,Qudratullah Kalwar4, Saqib Ali Fazilani1 and Waseem Ali Vistro5*
...amples were found contaminated with different bacterial organism, among all those 45, 35, 33, and 25 were recorded positive for S. aureus, E. coli, Shigella and Salmonella spp respectively. However, out of 50 sample, 34 (68%) were found to have different bacterial species and 16 (32%) were recorded with pure contamination. At 30 µl of crude Aloe Vera isolated bacterial organisms did not show any susceptib...
Sumaira1, Syed Mohsin Bukhari1, Maqsood Iram2, Arshad Javid1, Ali Hussain1, Waqas Ali1, Khalil Ur Rehman3, Shahla Andleeb3, Irfan Baboo4 and Nimra Khalid1
...h the seasons while internal parasite species belong to genus Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus were recorded from Python molurus. Higher temperature and humidity accelerated the ecdysis process.
...
Duo Jing Qiu1,2,3, Xin Yu1,2,3, Mao Jun Zhong1,2,3 and Long Jin1,2,3*
... m above sea level) in Hunan and Yunnan Province, southwest China. We found that D. melanostictus displayed significant differences in body mass and relative testis mass between low- and high-altitude populations. Body mass and relative testis mass from the high-altitude population were larger than that of the low-altitude population in the species. We also found that testis mass in...
Zengwen Huang1,2, WuReliHazi Hazihan2*, Baheti Bodai2, Kadyken Rizabek3, Nuralieva Ulzhan3, Omarova Karlygash4, Juan Zhang1 and Yaling Gu1*
... breed from Xinjiang, China. This breed is well adapted to harsh environmental conditions and displays strong disease resistance, fast growth, and high cold tolerance. The effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA) on the expression of follistatin inhibin alpha gene (INHα) in YM sheep was an...
Huma Abbas1*, Nazir Javed1,Muhammad Kamran2, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Hira Abbas3, Ehetisham-ul-Haq2, Abdul Jabbar1, Mehwish Naz1 and Ihsan Ullah4
...ation suggest suitable management option for the growers having nematode problem in their field.
...
Yan Zhou1,2, Hai Xia Han1,2, Qiu Xia Lei1,2, Jin Bo Gao1,2, Wei Liu1,2, Fu Wei Li1,2, Jie Liu1,2 and Ding Guo Cao1,2*
...91.75%. The correlation analysis showed that diplotypes (H1H1, H2H2 and H3H3) were significantly associated with egg production at age of 40W (E40) (P=0.0342) and egg production at age of 43W (E43) (P=0.0184). The egg production at age of 38W (E38), E40 and E43 of H2H2 chickens were all higher than those of the H1H1 and H3H3 chickens. Compared with H1H1 and H3H3 chickens, the highest mRNA
Arifa Khan1*, Danish Anwar2, Shazia Erum3, Naveeda Riaz1, Shahid Riaz4, Tariq Rafique3 and Zafer Iqbal2
Screening of Exotic Potato Germplasm against Potato Virus PVX, PVY and PLRV through Biological and Serological Test (ELISA)
...ing yield and tuber external quality showed that CIP-30 was taller genotype with medium number of tubers and shoots plant-1 while CIP-5 was a dwarf genotype with minimum tuber yield. Genotype CIP-6 produced more number of tuber plant-1 but CIP-22 followed by CIP-10 produced the highest tuber yield plant-1. Majority of genotypes produced round shape tuber with yellow, white skin color and cream flesh. Likewise, maximum genotypes had medium to shallow eye tubers...
Shahzad Malik* and Ayesha Khan
Gap Analysis of Farmers’ Capacity Building by Public and Private Agriculture Extension Sectors in Central Plain Valley of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...sectors. Three districts namely Peshawar, Mardan and Charsadda were selected purposively. In order to carry out the research, in the three districts of Peshawar, Mardan and Charsadda one tehsil was selected from each district i.e. Town-4 from Peshawar, Takhtbhai from Mardan and tehsil Charsadda from district Charsadda. Sample size for the present study was 270 respondents i.e. 90 respondents from each tehsil. Data were collected from respondents by using well-...
Muhammad Ismail1, Tufail Ahmad2, Shamsher Ali2*, Shahid Ali1, Nur Ul Haq1 and Naveedullah3
Heavy Metals (Pb and Ni) Pollution as Affected by the Brick Kilns Emissions
...ks preparation that were named A and B with distance of 300 m. The kilns were positioned such that Southern direction of chimney of A was north for the chimney B. A total of 36 (18+18) soil and wheat leaf samples were collected in four directions. Samples were collected at varying distances (100, 200,300 meters) from chimneys. Similarly, samples of dust were also collected for analysis of heavy metals in available locations ...
Zubair Ahmad1, 2, 4, Hamed A. Ghramh1, 2, 3,Khalid Ali Khan1, 2, 3*, Farhat Khan4 and Shujauddin5
...resence of these two dominant species the other ants viz., Paratrechina longicornis (Latr) and Tapinoma melanocephalum (F.) are unable to make contact with the aphids and even chased away on their mere appearance in the vicinity of aphid colony. The vague stimuli via the host in C. subnuda Mayr. causes a phenomenal warning to the oth...
Yan Wen1, Liu Lian2, Zhuang Xun3, Murong Jiaying4, Cui Shuyi1, He Wanwen1, Mai Guanghuai5, Huang Wenzhu1, Chen Gang1,* and Wang Zhijun1,*
...chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The elderly patients suffering from COPD were randomly divided into an observation group (n=30) and a treatment group (n=30). Accordingly, the patients in the observation group were given a medication-assisted treatment plan for stable COPD based on established guidelines and indoor rehabilitation training for pulmonary function. Outdoor-based rehabilitation therapy was also deli...
Ishrat Perveen1, Yasar Saleem2 and Javed Iqbal Qazi3*
...nes (HCAs) in high proteinaceous food specifically in cooked meats is a point of great concern for the health risk factor of Pakistani community. Ready-to-eat (RTE) chicken kabab samples of four commercially available brands (K, S, D and B) were analysed for the simultaneous determination of HCAs i.e. 2-amino-3-methyl-imidazo[4,5-f] quinoline (IQ), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo...
Aamir Khan1, Rabia Noushin2, Mohammad Attaullah3, Shahid Naiz Khan1, Rafiqe Hussain4, Farman Ullah Dawar1, Faiz Ur Rehman1, Muhammad Ijaz1 and Kalim Ullah1*
...35.46%) than B. bigemina (19.33%). Females were more prone as compared to male cattle for both B. bovesandB. bigemina. Cattle having age less than two years showed high positivity for bothB. boves (49.23%)and B. bigemina (26.15%). Similarly rate of positivity for both B. boves (47.12%)andB. bigemina (
Israr Yasin1, Ismail Qureshi1*, Shahjahn Qaimkhani1, Gulam Mustafa Solangi3, Ismail Qaimkhani1, Ismail Brohi1 and Abdul Ahad Soomro2
A Perspective on Household Dairy Farming in District Naushahro Feroze, Sindh, Pakistan
...h special reference to management of livestock, milk production and marketing as well as role of livestock in household income in district Naushahro Feroze of Sindh-Province Pakistan. Six hundred households were selected from 40 villages in four out of nine Talukas (administrative units) using multistage clustering method. Estimates of the study revealed that 54% of the households possessed buffaloes. Average number of buffaloes was estimated at 4.28 while 376...
Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1, Khalil Ahmed1*, Ghulam Qadir1, Amar Iqbal Saqib1, Muhammad Rizwan1, Muhammad Faisal Nawaz1 and Imtiaz Ahmad Warraich2
Impact of Fertilizer and Planting Geometery on Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Yield in Saline-Sodic Soil
... a most cost-effective management practice for garlic cultivation....
Muhammad Yaseen1*, Syed Amir Zia Abid1, Muhammad Luqman1, Syed Wasim Hasan2, Muhammad Aqeel Pitafi3, Muhammad Tariq Chaudhry4 and Muhammad Ameen5
Training Needs Assessment of Training Professionals Working in Agricultural Training Institutes in Punjab, Pakistan
...hasis to gain organizational objectives. Therefore, the current study was conducted to access the training needs of training professionals working in Agricultural Training Institutes (ATIs) of Punjab. For this purpose, data were collected from all training professionals of four ATI in Punjab with the help of structured questionnaire. Different questions ...
Muhammad Ahsan Naseer1, Mehdi Maqbool1, Saima Rafiq2*, Noosheen Zahid1, Abdul Hamid1 and Syed Zulfiqar Ali Shah1
Comparative Analysis of Physical and Biochemical Attributes of Edible Fig (Ficus carica L.) Collected from Three Districts of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Located at Different Elevations
...t role in defining the final quality of fresh fruits. In AJK, fig is grown successfully in hilly areas such as Rawalakot, where the topography of this area is not even as compared to plane areas of this region. Therefore, current study was designed to assess the outcome of elevations on physical and biochemical attributes of wild fig collected from different localities of three selected Districts [Bagh (Arja, Bagh city, Dholi), Poonch (Hajira, Dwarandi, Akhorb...
Amir Afzal, Muhammad Ijaz and Sayed Rashad Ali Shah*
Determination of Suitable Growth Stage for Application of Fungicide against Stripe Rust in Wheat
...g because of fluctuating nature of pathogen. Therefore, an alternative management strategy to control diseases is application of suitable fungicide at appropriate growth stage. For this, an experiment was conducted to investigate proper growth stage for application of fungicide to control stripe rust in wheat. Sowings at various dates was done to attain various growth stages at once. Two g...
Khalil Ahmed1*, Amar Iqbal Saqib1, Abdul Rasul Naseem1, Ghulam Qadir1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1, Muhammad Khalid2, Imtiaz Ahmad Warraich3 and Muhammad Arif4
Use of Hyacinth Compost in Salt-Affected Soils
...n in the rotation. Data analysis showed that gypsum and hyacinth compost remarkably improved the soil SAR, pHs, ECe, BD, HC, growth and yield characteristics of rice and wheat crops, however at the same time use of gypsum and hyacinth compost in combination proved more superior to their sole application. Hyacinth compost @ 10 and 15 t ha-1 with gypsum @ 50 % of GR performed equally in all studied parameters of rice and wheat...
Adnan Arshad1*, Huma Qamar2, Ristina Siti-Sundari3, Zhang Yue1, Muhammad Zubair2, Muhammad Ali Raza4, Muhammad Habib-ur-Rehman5 and Lizhen Zhang1*
Phenotypic Plasticity of Spineless Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Cultivars in Response to Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid under Rainfed Climate Conditions
...Unpredictable and unseasonal extreme climate, prolonged droughts, rise in temperatures, and erratic rainfall are common factors affecting crop productions in rainfed areas worldwide. This research intended to identify spineless Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) performance in acclimating changing climate, as safflower has gained prominence as an oilseed industry due to its hardiness in nature. A two-factor factorial experi...
Shereen Zulfikar1, Zulfikar Ahmed Maher2, Attaullah Khan Pathan4, Imran Ali Rajput3*, Din Muhammad Soomro1, Muhammad Akbar Lashari1, Arsalan Memon3, Sibghatullah5 and Mir Zehri Khan5
Population Fluctuation and Weight Losses Caused by Khapra Beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts on Different Wheat Varieties
...ra beetle, Trogoderma granarium is considered as a major threat to stored wheat and other products in all over the world. Their attack is not only limited to wheat grains but also reduces the various products made from it. The losses are defined as a measurable decrease of the food quantity and quality and can be avoided through proper control measures and selection of resistant varieties. During the present study, the different wheat varieties were screened a...
Iram Bilqees1, Yasir Iftikhar1, Mustansar Mubeen1,2*, Qaiser Shakeel3, Ashara Sajid1, Zahoor Hussain4, Aqleem Abbas2, Muhammad Aamir Sohail2, Judith Jeruto Kiptoo5 and Shehzad Iqbal2
Use of Nutrients and Plant Extract to Manage Okra Yellow Vein Mosaic Disease (OYVMD) in Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
...ase (OYVMD) has been a menace to okra cultivation wherever grown in the world. This trial was carried out to monitor the disease severity, incidence and its management through different nutrients and plant extract. Plant extract and multi-nutrients were used to manage the disease to avoid the hazardous effect of chemicals on human health and being the eco-friendly. Four varieties of okra v...
Kanwar Muhammad Raheel Mehboob1, Rashid Iqbal2*, Muhammad Israr3,4, Jaweria Shamshad5, Umair Riaz6, Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman7,8, Fawad Ali9, Arif Nawaz10, Maliha Sarfraz11, Abdul Waheed12, Muhammad Tahir Khan13 and Muhammad Aslam2
Assessment of the Consequences of Heat Changes on Cotton Cultivars Growth, Phenology and Yield at Different Sowing Regimes
...duction. In current examination, a field test was directed to evaluate the phenology, relative development, ideal sowing time, comparative growth just as yield execution of three cultivars of Bacillus thuringiensis Cotton (Bt. Cotton) at different sowing systems during summer 2015 at cotton research station Regional Agriculture Research Institute Bahawalpur (RARI) Pakistan. The test was directed in an irregular complete bloc...
Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi1*, Ayoola Olugbenga Oladele2 and Ibrahim Maharazu3
Profitability Analysis and Marketing Efficiency of Soyabean (Glycine max) Value Chain among Actors in Abuja, Nigeria
...n: justify;">This study analyzed profitability and marketing efficiency of soyabean (Glycine max) value chain among actors in Abuja, Nigeria. This study was designed specifically to achieve the following objectives: describe the socio-economic characteristics of soyabean marketers, determine the marketing cost, marketing margin, and marketing efficiency of soyabean, analyze the costs and returns of marketing soyabean, evalua...
Abid Khan*, Mukhtar Alam, Yousaf Jamal and Hidayat Ullah
Appraisal of Yield and Yield Components of Wheat with Integrated Management of Nitrogen Sources
...: justify;">Integrated management of nitrogen sources is vital for sustaining crop productivity. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of integrated management of nitrogen sources on yield and yield components of wheat at Agricultural Research Station Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during 2015-16 and 2016-17. Experiments were laid out using RCBD with 3 replications. Winter wheat variety Pirsabak-2015, ...
Muhammad Jawad1*, Shahid Riaz Malik1, Rana Muhammad Atif2, Haris Ahmed2 and Muhammad Shahzad Afzal3
Species Identification of Gram Wilt Complex through ITS Region by PCR-RFLP Analysis
...Primers based diversity analysis indicates high polymorphism within the collected wilt isolates. Primers ITS 1 and ITS 4 generated internal transcribed spacer fragments that were restricted four restriction enzymes (HhaeI, MboI, BsuRI, HinfI). PCR ITS-RFLP banding pattern identified two Fusarium species i.e. Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani. In conclusion, PCR-ITS-RFLP proved to be an efficient and easy technique for t...
Safina Naz1*, Muhammad Akbar Anjum1, Bushra Siddique2, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi3*, Sajid Ali1, Hassan Sardar1, Sakeena Tul Ain Haider1, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4, Hajra Azeem3, Sibghat Ullah5, Shah Pasand6 and Zehri Khan5
Effect of Sewage Water Irrigation Frequency on Growth, Yield and Heavy Metals Accumulation of Tomato and Okra
...sewage water. While reasonably less repetitive application (interval of fifteen days) of sewage water cause the less production of biomass, yield and growth. Moderately less repetitive applications (interval of ten days) of sewage water showed a significant increase in the addressed attributes of production in okra. The yield, as well as growth aspects of the okra, were reduced noticeably by using the reasonably less repetit...
Rana Shahzad Noor1,2, Fiaz Hussain2, Irfan Abbas3, Muhammad Umair2, Abu Saad2, Muhammad Umar Farooq4 and Yong Sun1*
Assessing Sustainability of Rainfed Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) Production under Various Soil Tillage Systems: An Energy and Economic Analysis
...lign: justify;">Energy management is an essential component in sustainable agricultural production systems. The study was mainly designed to evaluate the impact of four kind of soil tillage as; No/zero tillage (ZT), conservational tillage (PT), reduced tillage (RT) and conventional tillage (CT) on wheat yield, fuel usage and energy use efficiency under r...
Tong Zhang1,2, Feng Xu1,*, Ming Ma1 and Peng Ding3
... the time budget and diurnal rhythm of behavior of black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis) were studied at Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China. The results showed that foraging was the main behavior of cranes in autumn, accounting for 69.07±1.64% of the diurnal time budget, followed by alert (19.38±0.87%), locomotio...
Sehrish Firyal1,*, Ali Raza Awan1, Muhammad Umair Latif1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Muhammad Wasim1, Shagufta Saeed1 and Imaad Rashid2
...ide polymorphism (SNPs) analysis is a powerful tool for taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis. These are bi-allelic molecular markers, easy to interpret and uniformly distributed within genomes. In this study cytochrome b (Cytb) gene based SNPs analysis was employed to genetically characterize the Pakistani domestic breed Lathy pigeon. Cytb haplotype for local domestic breed wa...
Shahid Ali*, Aijaz Ali Channa, Waqar Ahmad, Rafia Akram and Imbasat Yousaf
...mnios was successfully managed in a full term pluriparous Nili Ravi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) that was recumbent and under extreme stress because of intemperate bilateral abdominal distension. Trans-rectal palpation revealed a taut uterus (bulged, tense and inelastic) and alive fetus. Subsequently upon induced cervical dilatation, 60-70 L of amniotic liquid was expelled out and dam delivered completely developed alive...
Chao Zhao1,2, Sigang Fana2 and Lihua Qiua2,3,*
...he effect of bacterial dynamics and water quality factors on Penaeus monodon larvae. We recorded the survival rates, water quality (total ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate concentration), heterotrophic bacteria, and vibrios during different P. monodon stages(nauplii, zoea, mysis stage, postlarvae). In ponds 1, 2, 3 and 4, the survival rates were significantly lower but the n...
Muhammad Shakeel1*, Mudussar Nawaz1, Zahid Naseer1, Muhammad Fiaz1, Asghar Khan1, Muhammad Imran Khan1, Awais Ur Rehman1, Ahmad Yar Qamar2 and Ali Raza3
Caprine and Ovine Serological Evidence of Brucellosis in Five Districts of Punjab, Pakistan
...s considered an occupational hazard for small ruminant handlers as well as Veterinarians. The present study reports the seroprevalence of brucellosis in different sheep and goat breeds in five districts of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 1239 serum samples were collected from male (n=73) and female (n=1166) different sheep (n = 865; Pak-Karakal, Thalli, Lohi, Kajli and non-descript type) and ...
Murtaza, Shahid Ali*, Syed Attaullah Shah, Mehran Ahmad, Irfan Ullah and Jahangir Khan
Adoption of Hybrid Maize Technology in District Mardan of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...tion of the major determinants of adoption of hybrid maize technology in district Mardan of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A sample of 255 respondents in the study area was randomly chosen using a multistage random sampling technique. The logit model was used to measure the probability of adoption of hybrid maize technology. The estimated results of the model revealed that younger farmers were comparatively more adoptive of the hybrid maize technology. Educatio...
Arif Alam1*, Faridullah2, Ikram Shah1, Shahzad Khan3, Noor Elahi1 and Ehsan Inamullah1
Estimation of Farm Level Technical Efficiency in Maize Production at the High Mountain North Region of Pakistan
... was employed. Data was analyzed through statistical software Frontier 4.1, because of its appropriateness in efficiency related assessments. Result shows that the factors of low yields of different peasants were due to inefficiency. The overall average technical efficiency of maize farmers was estimated 73.6%. It was inferred that the productivity can be enhanced by reducing the inefficiency from the ecological factors, peasants’ perso
Inam Ullah1, Mahfooz Khan2*, Munir Khan2, Himayatullah Khan2 and Azra3
Factors Affecting Different Wheat Varieties Yield in District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A Comparative Analysis
... Pakistan still is very inadequate due to some reasons. The present study is focused on inputs used by the wheat growers and its effect on the output of three wheat crops varieties per hectare. Primary data were collected from 150 selected respondents randomly in district Peshawar. For this purpose, the effect of various inputs was separately analyzed using multiple regression model. The empirical results show that for Pirsa...
Dilshad Ahmad1* and Muhammad Afzal2
An Empirical Analysis of Economic Efficiency and Farm Size of Cotton Farmers
...This paper attempted to analyze the impact of farm size on the economic efficiency of cotton farmers in southern Punjab of Pakistan. Farm-level allocative, economic and technical efficiency of samples of 240 small, medium and large-scale cotton farmers was estimated using Stochastic Frontier Approach of district Rahim Yar Khan Punjab, Pakistan. Empirical findings of the study indicated that medium farm size cotton farmers were more allocative, technically and ...
Amit Sharma1* and Pankaj Sood2
Sonographic Assessment of Ovarian Follicular Dynamics during Breeding and Non-Breeding Season in Gaddi Goats
...study evaluated the seasonal differences in ovarian follicular dynamics in Gaddi goats. Transrectal ultrasonographic ovarian examinations were carried out during a full estrous cycle in breeding (B; January-February, n=7) and 21 days in non-breeding (NB; May-June, n=11) seasons. Blood sampling on alternate days was done during both the seasons for serum ...
Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud1, Yonis Abukar Mohamed2, Osman Sheikh Ali Jama3, Pravin Mishra4* and Mohamed Idiris Mohamed5
Prevalence and Major Pathogens Associated with Clinical and Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Benadir Region of Somalia
... justify;">A cross-sectional study of camel mastitis was conducted on 150 lactating camels from July to December 2019 to figure out the prevalence of both clinical and subclinical mastitis in lactating camels in the Benadir Region of Somalia and also to recognize the associated microorganisms as causal agents of mastitis. The prevalence of this study was measured by using California mastitis test (CMT). Milk samples were col...
Md. Aminul Islam1*, A.N.M. Aminoor Rahman2, Mohammad Shah Alam3 and Md. Taimur Islam4
Gastrointestinal Nematodiasis in Quail in Bangladesh
...Bangladesh. Gastrointestinal nematodiasis is an important cause of loss of quail production. Our study report is an attempt to find out the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodiasis in quail in Bangladesh. A total of 200 fecal samples were collected from quail farms from various regions of Bangladesh. The fecal samples analyzed by direct smear methods and nematodes identified by the pres...
Pankaj Kumar Jha1,2*, M. Golam Shahi Alam1 and Farida Yeasmin Bari1
Pregnancy and Lambing Rate Following Laparoscopic Artificial Insemination with Two Different Types of Diluent and Frozen-thawed Sperm Dose in Ewes
...; 106 sperm dose) on pregnancy and lambing rate following laparoscopic artificial insemination (LAP-AI) in indigenous ewes in Bangladesh were studied. A total of 78 non- pregnant ewes were synchronized for oestrus with two doses of 100 μg PGF2α (Cloprostenol) 9 days apart. The ewes were randomly assigned to one of four groups; G1 (n = 18; commercial Triladyl®/ 100 × 106 ...
Paul Oludare Adetunji* and Safiriyu Idowu Ola
Comparative Productive Performance among three Plumage Varieties of Noiler Hens
...loped in Nigeria to meet national demands for food supply. The objective of this study is to compare the productive performance among three prominent plumage varieties of Noiler hens. For this purpose, a total of 90 pullets with three plumage colours (brown, black and barred) were divided into 3 replicates with 10 birds per replicate in each of the variety. Data were collected on the pubertal parameters (age at first egg and...
Tabassum Yaseen1*, Shehzad Ahmad1, Khushnood Ur Rehman2, Fayaz Asad1, Abdul Waheed1, Rani Gul3, Hussain Gulab4 and Naveed Akhtar2
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Spore Density and Root Colonization in Weeds of Carrot field at Charsadda, Pakistan
...dica and Taraxacum officinale (6.33±5.51), (8.00±4.00) respectively. It is not necessary that the plants having high spore density will have high root colonization the host growth stage of plant influences the diversity and population of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Our study revealed that the AMF spore density and root infection is closely related to the soil physicochemical characteristics.
...
Rao Wali Muhammad1, Hafiz Muhammad Wasif Ali2*, Amir Hamza1, Muhammad Qadir Ahmad2, Abdul Qayyum2, Waqas Malik2 and Etrat Noor2
Estimation of Different Genetic Parameters in Various Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Genotypes under Field Condition
...0 safflower accessions. Analysis of variance and principal component analysis were carried out to estimate the extent of variability for studied parameters and to partition the germplasm into various cluster groups on basis of their mean performance. A value of 74% was indicated by the first three PCs, which showed the highest variability between studied parameters. Eigen values >1 contributed variability between the geno...
Muhammad Arsaln1, Sair Sarwar2*, Rizwan Latif1, Junaid Nawaz Chauhdary3, Munazza Yousra2 and Shahbaz Ahmad2
Effect of Vermicompost and Microbial Inoculants on Yield, Soil Fertility and Economics of Wheat under Rainfed Conditions
...iment using various combinations of vermicompost (VC) @ 4t ha-1 and phosphorus solubilizing bacterial (PSB) as microbial inoculants along with recommended dose of NPK fertilizers (RDF) were applied at the time of sowing. The combined application of VC, PSB and RDF increased the wheat yield 2684 kgha-1 and 3179 kgha-1 while the yield recorded in control was 572 and 887 kgha-1 for two consecutive years. Same trend was observed in other yield attributes i.e. no. ...
Mohammad Javad Golmohammadi1, Hamid Reza Mohammaddoust Chamanabad1*, Bijan Yaghoubi2 and Mostafa Oveisi3
GIS Applications in Surveying and Mapping of Rice Weeds in Guilan Province, Iran
...aceae, Lythraceae, Polygonaceae, Asteraceae, and Salviniaceae that accounted for 36 species (54.5 percent). Accurate and specific weed maps are the key to achieving all the benefits of weed management. When in an area the distribution and consumption of inputs is based on accurate information from the weed composition of the farms in that area, the efficiency of these inputs is improved and weed damage is reduced....
Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Obinna Oragwa Arthur2, Ocheme Julius Okojokwu1, Sarah Joseph1, Geoffrey Chibueze1, Joshua Adetunji1, Joseph Ameh Okwori3, David Ochola Amanyi4, Otobo I. Ujah5 and Onyemocho Audu6
Seroprevalence of Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection among Slaughtered Ruminants in Jos, North-Central, Nigeria
...andlers who get occupationally exposed to Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) because of frequent contact with infected vectors, animal body fluids and other tissues. We aimed to determine the prevalence of antibodies against RVFV in slaughtered ruminants in Jos, North-Central, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 100 livestock (cattle and goats) at selected slaughter locations in Jos Metropolis. Question
Iram Sharif1*, Amna Nazir1, Eram Shahzadi2, Shahid Munir Chohan3 and Ghulam Sarwar4
Influence of Sowing Dates on Cotton Growth (Gossypium hirsutum), Yield and Fiber Quality
...ength, strength and micronaire values 27.3 mm, 30.87 g/tex and 4.5 µg/inch respectively. The results showed that late planting produced less yield due to shorter growing period. Among fiber quality parameters, length and strength were not affected significantly while micronaire was affected significantly....
Huma Abbas1, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal2, Muhammad Kamran3, Muhammad Umar Shahbaz3*, Haseeb Ullah Kamber1, Nazir Javed1, Muhammad Junaid1, Hira Abbas4 and Muhammad Ehetisham ul Haq3
Evaluation of Advanced Mung Bean Germplasm against Cercospora Leaf Spot and its In-vitro Management by Different Fungicides
... justify;">Mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek var. radiata)/ green gram is one of the short period legume and poor man protein source along with carbohydrates and vitamins. Cercospora Leaf Spot is a devastating threat to the crop caused by Cercospora canescens, affects the whole crop and 95% yield losses may be attributed in severe conditions. To manage the diseases through tolerant germplasm and with environmentally s...
Ghulam Sarwar1*, Muhammad Rizwan1, Jehanzeb Farooq1, Muhammad Farooq1,2, Hafiz Ghazanfar Abbas1, Farrukh Ilahi1 and Muhammad Asif1
Fiber Quality Studies with Respect to Different Cotton Insect Pests using Multivariate Analysis
...To determine effective management approaches, additional work can be performed to recognize the impact of pests species on fiber quality by controlling certain pests....
Shahid Nadeem1*, Taj Naseeb Khan1, Mushtaq Ahmad1, Adnan Younis2 and Iram Fatima3
Influence of Plant Growth Regulators by Foliar Application on Vegetative and Floral physiognomies of Gladiolus
...diolus grasps an exceptional position among ornamental plants due to its captivating spikes, with plane ruffle and deeply crinkled sepals, and it mainly used as cut flower and greatly demanded in floral markets. In order to achieve the maximum outcomes for the purchaser or community, a comprehensive study was conducted on gladiolus to enhance its vegetative and floral characteristics with the foliar application of growth hor...
Attiq ur Rehman1,2*, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil3 and Ihtisham Ali4
Genetic Diversity and Traits Association in Tetraploid and Hexaploid Wheat Genotypes in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan
... genotypes. Correlation analysis revealed that tillers m-2 and spikes m-2 had significantly positive association with grain yield while grain yield had significantly strong positive association with harvest index in tested germplasm. Durum genotypes DWE3 and DWE7 performed best for yield contributing traits while spring wheat verities, Janbaz, Barsat and Shahkar outperformed others in terms of 1000-grain weight, grain yield, and harvest index, respectively. Th...
Yasir Arafat1*, Syeda Nabahat2, Hafiz Ullah3, Afaq Ali Muluk4 and Azra5
An Analysis of Energy Supply and Oil Price Shocks on Agricultural Productivity of Pakistan
...esent study attempts to analyze the impact of energy supply and oil price shocks on agricultural productivity in Pakistan using time series data from 1990 to 2017. To this end, the data was retrieved from Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, World Development Indicators and Pakistan Agricultural Statistics (PAS). Energy supply, Foreign Direct Investment and Oil prices has been taken as an explanatory variables and determi
Zahir Shah1*, Saima Munawar1, Ihsan Ullah2, Taif Shah3, Haq Aman Ullah1, Saqib Nawaz1, Farhan Anwar Khan1 and Manoj Kumar Shah4
Combined Physico-chemical and Analgesic Effects of Electroacupuncture Plus Clonidine in Goats
...ed physico-chemical and analgesic effects of electroacupuncture (EA) plus clonidine in goats. Thirty-six female goats were randomly allocated equally in six equal groups. The control group received 0.9% normal saline, 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups were treated with 10, 15, and 20µg/kg of clonidine respectively, while 5th and 6th groups were treated with EA and EA plus 10µg/kg of clonidine, respectively. Pain threshold, cardio-respiratory effects, rectal ...
Tahseen Ullah* and Noor ul Amin
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts
...activities of four medicinal plants, Silybum marianum, Berberus lycium, Peganum harmala and Curcuma longa and standard antibiotic tetracycline was carried out in the biosafety level 3 Microbiology Lab, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK. Two different concentrations (low, 5 mg/ml and high extracts, 300 mg/ml) of these plants were evaluate against two different bacterial strains i.e. Bacillus subtilis and E. coli using disc diffusion...
Qurrat ul Ain Akbar*, Saqib Arif, Shahid Yousaf, Salman Khurshid and Najmus Sahar
Effects of Flour Particle Size on Farinographic Properties of Wheat Dough
...rd and soft wheat, were analysed in this study. Each type of flour was fractionated separately into coarse (1000 to 1500µm), medium (500 to <1000 µm) and fine (<500 µm) fractions on the basis of particle size. All the farinographic parameters (except dough development time) were influenced by particle size of wheat flour. Water absorption was negatively related with flour particle size. Dough stabilit...
Shahzad Khan*, Munir Khan, Inayatullah Jan, Mahfooz Khan and Fida Muhammad Khan
Determinants of Sugarcane Yield in District Charsadda, Pakistan
... to perform an economic analysis and to investigate determinants of sugarcane crop in district Charsadda in the year 2018. Three villages viz. Kamran Kalay, Aspandehri, and Sarfaraz Kalay were selected purposively. Primary data were collected with face to face interview method from 41 randomly selected sugarcane growers through structured questionnaire. The selection of farmers was based o...
Shaiza Rasool1, Iftikhar Ahmad1*, Khurram Ziaf1, Irfan Afzal2, Muhammad A.S. Khan1, Muhammad Aashir Sajjad1 and Muhammad Zain Ali1
Seed Conditioning Effects on Germination Performance, Seedling Vigor and Flower Production of Zinnia elegans
...ssessed for uniform germination, seedling vigor, and flower production in zinnia (Zinnia elegans Jacq.). Two initial laboratory experiments evaluated the timing and frequency of seed magnetic stimulation to select the most promising treatments for field production testing and flowering. In the first experiment, a 3% moringa leaf extract (MLE) showed the earliest (2.8 d) and the highest germination rate (90%) with an average ...
Ateeq Ahmad1, Umar Hayat2, Shahid Ali2*, Hazrat Bilal3, Naveed Ali2, Khan Mir Khan4 and Khalid Khan4
Descriptive Analysis of Water Resources in Pakistan: A Perspective of Climate Change
...1980-2011. The data was analyzed through descriptive statistical tolls and Arc GIS 9.8. Result suggests that climate change has severe implications on variation in temperature and rainfall of Pakistan. The after effects of climate change are variation in temperature, changing precipitation patterns and vulnerability of glaciers to climate change. Based on the findings it is suggested the effective climate change adaptation strategies and policies must be taken...
Moazam Ali1, Wajid Ali2, Ayhan Ceyhan2 and Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta3*
Pigmentation Genome Influence in Animals and Human Interventions in its Course of Action
...o; beauty creates a fascinating effect on the mind, presence of multi-colored birds, fishes, pure colored animals in our community and the wild always remained attractable to humans. The color pigmentation is essential in animals regarding beauty, tick resistance, photo-protection, camouflage appearance in wild, and identification. Pigmentation is a complex and multi-factorial regulated process to produce the melanin from melanocytes. Melanin amount, size, sha...
Muhammad Zahid Mengal1, Hamida Ali2, Raheela Asmat3, Muhammad Naeem1,4, Ferhat Abbas1, Abdul Samad1, Mohammad Zahid Mustafa1, Jannat Raza2 and Tauseef M. Asmat1*
...TB patients at Fatima Jinnah General and Chest Hospital Quetta, Pakistan between January and August 2017. These specimens were analyzed by GeneXpert® MTB/RIF assay. The data was statistically analyzed using SPSS software. Out of 2300 clinical specimens, M. tuberculosis was positive in in 899 (39.1%) cases by GeneXpert® MTB/RIF assay [positive respirator...
Nadeem Abbas Shah1*, Ejaz Ashraf1, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Zaheer ud Din Mirani3, Usman Rafique1 and Raees Abbas Shah4
Assessing Perceptions of the Households-heads Regarding Food Security Status in Drought-hit Areas of District Tharparkar, Sindh, Pakistan: A Case Study for Agricultural Extension
...well- structured questionnaire and key informant interview guide were used for data collection. Collected data were analyzed by statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). According to the results of the survey, the majority of the respondents perceived that factors such as global warming and climate change, unproductive land, depleting water resources, unavailability of drought-tolera...
Muhammad Yaseen1*, Xu Shiwei2, Yu Wen2, Ejaz Ashraf1, Muhammad Luqman1, Muhammad Ameen3 and Sadia Hassan4
Farmers Behavior to Participate in Public Sector Agricultural Extension Services: Comparative Analysis of Pakistan and China
...untries, Pakistan and China. The logistic regression model was used to study the influence of age, education, labor, farm area and villages on the household head’s participation in agricultural extension services/ activities organized by public sector department. For this purpose, a random sample of 160 households from four districts of Punjab province of Pakistan was selected, and another random sample of 122 households selected from the six villages of...
Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami*, Andin Muhammad Abduh, Eko Hanudin and Benito Heru Purwanto
Study on the NPK Uptake and Growth of Rice under Two different Cropping Systems with different Doses of Organic Fertilizer in the Imogiri Subdistrict, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia
...ing system with longitudinal rows given space in between. The distance between plants within a row is 12.5 cm, and the distance between rows is 25 cm. A PFA of 50 cm is given for every two rows of rice plants. The before-mentioned cropping system is called Jarwo 2:1. The fertilization treatment for both rice cropping systems was the same, which is a mixture of cow manure and neem compost (1:1) at doses of 0, 3, 6, and 9 ton ha-1. The research data are presente...
Khan Sher1*, Muhammad Subhan1, Muhammad Nisar2, Ali Hazrat2, Zahid Fazal1, Gul Rahim2, Imran Ahmad1, Riaz ul Haq1 and Shamia Bibi1
Genetic Diversity in Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgarus L.) Collected from Different Ecological Zones of Malakand Division (A Part of the Sino Japanese Region of Pakistan)
...s activity was aimed to analyze the level of genetic diversity (GD) of bean landraces collected from diverse ecological zones of Malakand division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The qualitative traits showed significant level of diversity like seed shape was determined by two alleles, seed color was defined by 13 numbers of alleles and four alleles were responsible for flower color. Similarly, the quantitative traits showed 73% diversity in the parameters stud...
Malik Abdul Rehman1, Shafqat Ali1, Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal1, Muhammad Nawaz Khan1 and Mujahid Ali2*
Efficacy of Chemicals and Botanical Extracts to Control Citrus Canker on Kinnow in Sargodha Region
...ic acid @ 10 ml, difenoconazole @ 0.5 ml, extracts of Acacia nilotica @ 10 ml, Datura alba @ 10 ml, and Allium cepa @ 10 ml. These treatments were used by mixing in 10-liter water. The foliar spray was applied four times a year, i.e. March-April and August-September. The results showed that copper oxychloride controlled the disease up to 74%, difenconazole up to 56%, whereas, among botanicals, the disease control was 74%, 64...
Muhammad Imran1,2*, Shahbaz Talib Sahi1, Muhammad Atiq1 and Amer Rasul3
Brown Leaf Spot: An Exacerbated Embryonic Disease of Rice: A Review
...g areas to find better management strategies under the fluctuation of the climate conditions. Different management practices (cultural, biological, chemical, induce resistance, nutrient management, natural byproducts, and resistant cultivars) are used by farmers in different field areas of the world. The use of the resistant source is the simple, reliabl...
Zulnorain Sajid1*, Muhammad Ramzan2 and Noreen Akhtar1
Foraging Behavior and Pollination Ecology of Bumble Bee and Honey Bee in Pakistan; A Review
...bees are supreme affectionate social insects of agricultural crops. Both genus Apis and Bombus are used for the pollination of vegetables, fruits and crops commercially. Honey bee can dispense 80% in insect pollination and considered as a best pollinator towards crop pollination, Bumblebee are more efficient and compet...
Md. Sahidur Rahman
Origin and Spillover of Coronaviruses: Prospects of One Health Action
...ext-align: justify;">Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses causing diseases in mammals, including humans and birds. Bat and rodents act as a reservoir of alphacoronavirus and betacoronavirus whereas, gamacoronavirus and deltacoronavirus originate in avian species. Domestic anima...
Christian Marco Hadi Nugroho1 and Jeanne Adiwinata Pawitan2,3,4*
Production of Antibody for Direct Fluorescence Antibody Assay against Avian Influenza H9N2
... infections. Office International des Epizooties (OIE) suggested some methods for the detection of H9N2 infection including the immunofluorescence method that is commonly known as the direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) assay. This method is a combination of immunology and bio-imaging. This DFA assay is rapid and sensitive, but specificity is influenced by antibody production methods. Theref...
Zafar Ahmad Handoo1*, Mihail Radu Kantor1 and Ekramullah Khan2
Description of Seven New Species and One New Record of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes (Nematoda: Tylenchida) Associated with Economically Important Crops of Kashmir Valley, Jammu and Kashmir (Part-1 of the series)
...ty Campus, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir; H. fotedariensis sp. nov. from soil around roots of Brassica oleraceae var. botrytis L. from Zadibal, Srinagar, Kashmir; H. harwaniensis sp. nov. from soil around roots of Lycopersicum esculentum Miller, in Harwan, Srinagar, Kashmir; H. mushtaqi sp. nov. from soil around roots of Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. in Darbagh, Harwan, Kashmir; Pratyl...
Yawar Iqbal Erum*, Hussain Sagir, Kazi Nasira and Fayyaz Shahina
Compendium of the Genus Psilenchus de Man, 1921 (Tylenchida: Psilenchidae)
... pore, spicules and gubernaculum. The allometric and morphometric characteristics were derived from the original descriptions. An updated list of valid species of Psilenchus de Man, 1921 along with illustrations of the anterior and posterior regions taken either from the original descriptions or subsequent re-descriptions is also incorporated herein. A total of seven species have so far be...
Bushra Ismail Khan1, Shamim Akhter1, Sanwal Aslam2* and Rabea Ejaz1
...s of semen quality were analyzed by using ANOVA and RCBD. Higher percentage (P< 0.05) of sperm motility (66.1±7.51 and 59.4±10.72) and PMI (72.9±5.39 and 75.7±6.5) was observed in extenders having 0.05 mM and 0.1mM PVP compared to extenders having 1.5mM PVP and control. The percentage acrosomal integrity was observed greater (P< 0.05) in extended semen containing 0.1mM (68.2±0.50) PVP compared to extenders having 0.01 a...
Asmat Ullah1,2, Shahid Iqbal1,2 and Furhan Iqbal2*
...ved neuromuscular co-ordination in female albino mice during rota rod test (P = 0.002), had more rotations (P = 0.02) and clockwise rotations (P = 0.01) during plus maze test and had more stretch attend reflex (P = 0.005) than control group. During the second trial of novel object test, Bauhinia variegata’s leaf extract treated male albino mice approached old object A (P = 0.04) and spend more time with object A (P = 0.05) as compared to control g...
Gulzhan Aubakirova1*, Zhanat Adilbekov2, Assylkhan Inirbayev2, Assel Zhamanova2 and Aibar Akhmetov3
...ver, a decreased permanganate oxidation was noted, which indicates a satisfactory state of water quality. Widespread infection of fish with postdiplostomatosis was revealed in assessing fish safety; in rare cases, diplostomosis and ligulosis were detected. The incidence of fish with bacteriosis was not observed, with the exception of isolated cases of aeromonosis. Exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations for residual amounts of toxic elements and radio...
Aatif Amin1,*, Zakia Latif2, Arslan Sarwar1, Basit Zeshan1 and Mushtaq A. Saleem1
...typing and phylogenetic analysis were performed for the characterization of isolates as Bacillus sp. AZ-1 (KT270477), B. cereus AZ-2 (KT270478), B. cereus AZ-3 (KT270479) and Enterobacter cloacae ZA-15 (KJ728671). Phylogenetic relationship on the basis of merA nucleotide sequence confirmed 51-100% homology with the corresponding region of the merA gene of already reported mercury resistant Gram positive bacteria...
Mikail Arslan1, Orhan Yilmaz2, Bahattin Cak2* and Ahmet Fatih Demirel2
...ized using FIS (intravaginal flourogestone sponges) for 14 days. Additionally, 600 IU eCG (equine chorionic gonadotropin) was administered intramuscularly at sponges withdrawal. Rams remained with the ewes for 3-day from the start of estrus. Estrus rate, lambing rate and litter size were 96.00, 87.50% and 1.70 lamb/doe; 92.35, 85.20 and 1.50 lamb/doe; 78.92, 58.38 and 1.43 lamb/doe for sum...
Muhammad Tahir Khan1, Shahid Mehmood2*, Athar Mahmud2, Khalid Javed3 and Jibran Hussain2
...-nitrogenous. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA under CRD. Performance parameters, including feed consumption, weight gain, feed efficiency, and mortality at 28 day of age, were not affected (P>0.05) by the compost supplement to the diet. There were no differences (P>0.05) in carcass yield and relative weights of breast, thigh, wing, liver, gizzard, heart, and abdominal fat for chicks fed compost at any level compare...
Blood Biochemical and Hair Mineral Profile of Camel Calves Reared under Different Management Systems
Asim Faraz*
...to check the effect of management system on the blood biochemical and hair mineral profile of male and female camel calves. Eighteen Marecha camel calves of almost same weight and age were divided randomly into three groups each having 3 ♂ and 3 ♀ reared under intensive (IMS), semi-intensive (SIMS) and extensive (EMS) management systems. The calves in first group reared in IMS were fed @ 1 kg concentrate having 18% CP an...
Rabea Ejaz1*, Saima Qadeer2,Muhammad Sajjad Ansari3, Bushra Allah Rakha4, Shazia Shamas5, Iram Maqsood1, Asma Ul Husna6, Asima Azam1 and Shamim Akhter6
...me age by artificial vagina keeping temperature at 42°C for a period of 5 weeks (replicates; n=30). Ejaculates were mixed in tris citric acid extender having 0.0 (control), 20.0, 25.0 and 30.0 ng/mL of arachidic acid at a temperature of 37°C (>1 mL volume, >0.5 billion per mL conc., >60% motility) and cryopreserved using standard procedures. Percent sperm motility, liveability, plasmalemma integrity and viability were increased in exten...
Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Dorcas Yilger Gotom1, Noble Allison Chiehiura1, Julius Ocheme Okojokwu1, David Ochola Amanyi2, John Otumala Egbere1, Joshua Adetunji1, Otobo Innocent Ujah3 and Onyemocho Audu4
The Seroprevalence of Zika Virus Infection among HIV Positive and HIV Negative Pregnant Women in Jos, Nigeria
...ogy among vulnerable pregnant women is lacking. We aimed to describe the seroprevalence of ZIKVI and associated factors in Jos, North Central Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was performed at Plateau State Specialist Hospital in Jos, North Central Nigeria from August to December 2020. We enrolled a total of 90 (45 HIV positive and 45 HIV negative) pregnant women aged ≥18 and ≤50 year...
Mushtaq Ahmad Khan*, Abdul Basir and Beena Saeed
Biochar Improves Phenological and Physiological Attributes of Wheat in Soil Amended with Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen Sources
... soil fertility on sustainable basis under nitrogen (N) and organic matter deficient environments. Therefore, the present study was conducted to enhance N availability from organic and inorganic N sources via biochar (0, 10, 20 and 30 tons ha-1) under four levels of N (0, 90, 120 and 150 kg ha-1) during Fall 2015-16 and 2016-17. The required N was met from urea, poultry manure (PM) and farmyard manure (FYM). Application of 20 and/or 30 t BC ha-1 significantly ...
Abida Parveen1, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Nazir Javed1, Anam Moosa1*, Khushboo Javaid1, Hina Safdar1 and Asma Safdar2
...e treatments and in combination was assessed to suppress the reproduction and development of MI. Highly susceptible variety of tomato cv. ‘Money Maker’ was tested for the invasion and development of MI. Aqueous and ethanolic MO extracts were tested in combination with SK at three different concentrations and time intervals. After 12-h ‘S’ concentration of aqueous MOextract + ethanolic MO extract + SK ...
Dalal H. Sary and Rama T. Rashad*
A Comparative Study on the Impact of Compost, Humate, and Silicate on the Nutritional Characteristics of Calcareous Soil Cultivated by Soybean
...kg ha-1) on soil nutritional status regarding macro-nutrients (N, P, and K) and soybean yield and quality. Treatments were distributed in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The study showed that soil applied K-H at 100% of the recommended dose has increased the available N (mg kg-1) in soil significantly at a significance level of P = .05 by 77.78 % compared to the control. The 100 % application rate of compost showed the most significan...
Kubilay Ucar1, Sait Engindeniz1* and Jozef Palkovic2
Risk and Return Analysis of Open-Field Tomato Grown in Turkey: A Monte Carlo Simulation Approach
...aim of this study is to analyze production costs, return and the risks associated with open-field tomato grown in Izmir province of Turkey in 2011-2017 period. Statistical data used in the study have been obtained from FAOSTAT, Turkish Statistical Institute and Turkish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. According to the results of the study, the average production costs of tomato was determined to be 4,940 US$ ha-1. Average gross and net return were calcula...
Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi1*, Olubumi Atolani2 and Gabriel Ademola Olatunji3
Toxicity Effect of Eucalyptus globulus on Pratylenchus spp. of Zea mays
...-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR and 13C NMR) Spectroscopy analysis. Effect of application of plant phytochemicals on the planted maize was also examined in terms of growth rate and survival of Pratylenchus spp. The essential oil (ECSG/EO) exhibited significant (p<0.05) toxicity, reduced nematode population and increased grain yield (6.79 kg) compared to the standard, carbofuran (CBFN) (7.18 kg) The Eucalyptus globu...
Muhammad Nauman, Unsar Naeem-Ullah*, Mehreen Hanif, Hafsah Ghaffar, Muhammad Shahid and Syed Haroon Masood Bokhari
Management of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) by using Microwave Oven
... 30 and 40 sec. For germination determination 25 seeds from each treatment were selected. Results indicates that increase in exposure time also increase the mortality but it reduces the germination capability of the grains. 20 sec exposure time of microwave oven is enough to cause maximum mortality without disturbing the germination quality of the grains...
Asif Ali Abro1* and Iqbal Ahmed Panhwar2
Impact of Various Factors on Crop Diversification Towards High Value Crops in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis by using THI
...istan for 1981-2018. To analyze the impact of various factors on the diversification of crops towards high value crops, the Herfindahl Index (HI) was used to check the level of concentration or diversification in the structure of crops in Pakistan. The values of the Herfindahl index obtained as a result of the analysis indicate a high level of crop concentration and need to be diversified towards high value crops. The ARIMA ...
Sajid Amin Sarmad1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Luqman1, Muhammad Asam Riaz1, Sohail Ahmed3 and Sylvain Nafiba Ouédraogo2
Development and Laboratory Evaluation of a Slow Release Formulation of Fipronil against Subterranean Termites (Odontotermes obesus Rambur)
...garcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) bagasse and maize (Zea mays L.) cobs. This pellet formulation was evaluated against worker individuals of O. obesus under laboratory conditions using soil macrocosms. Mortality of termites was determined at different time intervals after their exposure to formulated pellets treated macrocosm soils. Results revealed that fipronil formulated with Z. mays substrate remained more effective for longer period of time against subter...
Safiullah1, Azmat Ali Awan2, Mohammad Ilyas3, Fahim Ullah Khan3, Arshad Iqbal3*, Muhammad Adil3 and Asad Ullah1
Effects of Different Concentrations of Naphthalene Acetic Acid on Rooting of Various Olive Varieties
...earch Institute (ARI) Tarnab, Peshawar during 2016. The trial was performed using two factorial RCBD. Cuttings were collected from mature olive orchard. The cuttings were treated for ten seconds in required concentration of NAA solutions. According to the experimental results, minimum days to root appearance (54.58), maximum root diameter (0.18 cm), maximum leaves shoot-1 (15.67) were note...
Mehnaz Safdar and Urooba Pervaiz*
Constraints in Accessing Agricultural Extension Services by Rural Women: Evidence from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...o trainings. Chi-square analysis revealed that age had significant association with involvement in decision making. It means that by increasing age of the respondents, the tendency towards involvement in decision-making increases. Literacy had non-significant association with decision making and training attended. Similarly, various barriers were identified having significant impact on the probability to attend trainings. Results indicated that women extensive...
Ghulam Akbar1*, Ali Ahmad2, Neha Arooj1, Muhammad Anjum Zia1, Aamna Rafique1, Sania Riasat1, Mohsin Raza1, Mahpara Qamar1, Shahneela Nusrat1 and Shakila Hanif1
Critical Update for the Treatment of Anemia by using Advanced Genome Editing Crispr Cas Technology
...s with all ages like pregnant women, children and aged people. Anemia associated with numerous infectious and continual problems such as persistent kidney disease, cancer, ischemic heart ailment and inflammatory bowel disorder. However, with the development in generation at genome editing level have made feasible to accurate mutations in human genome. A site oriented specific break in double stranded DNA...
Muhammad Ilyas1,2*, Imran Khan2*, Muhammad Umer Chattha2, Muhammad Umair Hassan2, Muhammad Zain3, Wajid Farhad4, Sana Ullah1, Ateeq Shah5, Safeer Ahmed6, Bismillah Khan1 and Muhammad Adeel1
Evaluating the Effect of Zinc Application Methods on Growth and Yield of Wheat Cultivars
...egetative stage and combination of all three methods (seed priming, foliar and soil application) were used. The study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement having three replications. The combined application of Zn (seed priming, foliar and soil application) resulted in maximum leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), productive tillers (302.33 m2), spike length (8.62 cm), spikelet/spike (16.66), grains/spike (39...
Muhammad Tariq-Khan1*, Syed Zanib Ali Gardazi1, Abu Daud Ahmad Khan1, Muhammad Ilyas2 and Ishaq Ahmad3,4
Virulence and Distribution Trends of Root-Knot Nematode (RKN) Fauna on Summer Vegetables in District Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan)
...was identified as predominant species of the study area. RKN tropical species was found on M. incognita 37%, M. javanica 38% and M. arenaria 28% sites parasitizing vegetable crops. Host preference of M. javanica and M. incognita was detected in mixed field conditions as M. javanica preferred okra as host while M. incognita reproduced maximum on tomato. Common beans were found most susceptible host providing survival opportun...
Rubina Munir1,2*, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman3, Muhammad Makshoof Athar1, Noman Javid1,4, Ayesha Roohi2 and Syeda Fatima Razavi2
...t novel quinolinyl-sulphonamide based Schiff bases have been prepared by condensation of substituted 2-chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehydes with sulphonamide substituted benzoic acid hydrazides. Structures of the Schiff bases have been confirmed by spectral techniques including FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13CNMR, and mass spectroscopies. The purity of compounds has been established by elemental a...
Ammara Gull-E-Fareen1, 3, Imran Bodlah1*, Muhammad Tariq Rasheed1, Yasir Niaz2, Muhammad Adnan Bodlah2, Muhammad Asif4 and Nasir M. Khokhar5
...mposers, predators, pollinators and herbivores. The mutualistic relationship between ants and aphids is a very common and widespread phenomenon. It has been studied in various parts of the world. In this relationship, aphids provide food to the ants, while in return ants provide them protection from natural enemies. Ants also protect aphids from different diseases. Aphids (serious crop pests) can be divided into myrmecophilo...
MA Liman1, QI Yongxiao1, Wang Wenji2* and Zhong Qianyi3*
...iting angiogenesis using natural compounds is an important focus in developing new cancer treatment strategies. Ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2), a natural product derived from red ginseng, has been reported to have therapeutic effects on some tumors, but its antiangiogenic effects in zebrafish has not been evaluated. Here we investigated the antiangiogenic of G-Rh2 using the zebrafish angiogenesis model. Morphological observations o...
Wajahat Azeem1,*, Tariq Mukhtar1 and Tooba Hamid2
...ributed and the most dominant and prevalent. In the present study, the efficacy of a biological control agent, Trichoderma harzianum and an antagonistic plant, Azadirachta indica was tested against M. incognita on tomato. The antagonistic fungus and plant caused significant hatching inhibition and larval mortality of M. incognita. The hatching inhibition and mortality was the maximum at 100% concentrations of both the agents while t...
Rida Younas1*, Tamseela Mumtaz1, Nabeela Roohi2 and Muhammad Amir Iqbal3
...Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Evaluation of expressed of proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine as biomarker was obtained in moderate, severe and very severe COPD patients and established their relationship with lung obstruction. Samples were collected between April and August 2017, total 35 COPD patients with lung obstruction (FEV1/FVC< 70) were enrolled as well as age and sex m...
Muhammad Umer Khan1,2*, Muhammad Farooq Sabar1, Atif Amin Baig3, Arif-un-Nisa Naqvi4 and Muhammad Usman Ghani1
...d provides a unique maternal ancestry portrait of a person’s genetic pin code. Overall knowledge of mtDNA profiles of worldwide populations can benefit population genetics and forensic sciences. Consequently, this study was designed to establish the mtDNA profiles of the Shin ethnic group in Gilgit-Baltistan, the...
Sehrish Ashraaf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1* and Sajida Naseem2
...ize: small;">Spiders are natural predators of many insect pests and preferred as they are carnivores. In the present study we identified the cursorial spiders of different families using DNA barcoding as it is very helpful in identifying species where morphological identifications can be difficult e.g., delimitation of juvenile stages. Standard barcode region of CO1 gene of 64 samples was ...
Nihat Tekel1, Seyrani Koncagül2, İlkay Baritci1, Halit Deniz Şireli1, Muhittin Tutkun1, Ecevit Eyduran3 and Mohammad Masood Tariq4*
...he coefficient of determination values estimated for Brody, Negative Exponential and Bertalanffy models were 0.9523, 0.6094, and 0.9428 R2 for the first-time interval (0-90 days of age), 0.9866, 0.9743 and 0.9797 R2 for the second time interval (0-180 days of age) and 0.9924, 0.9853 and 0.9902 R2 for the third time interval (0-300 days of age), respectively. Pearson correlation coefficients between the observed and predicted we...
Hassam Ud Din1*, Huma Rizwana1, Rameez Raja Kaleri2, Kaleem Ullah2 and Muhammad Din2
Evaluation of Production Performance and Marketing of Small Ruminants in District Dukki, Balochistan
...d marketing of small ruminants during the year 2018. The information on various aspects was collected from the small ruminants farmers of five union councils i.e. Vialla Dukki, Thal, Nana Sahib, Sadar and Nasar Abad of district Dukki of Balochistan. The sample size was composed by producer (50), wholesalers (50) and retailer (50) for convenient sampling contribution of each selected produc...
Muhammad Nazar1, Chaudhary Muhammad Ayyub2, Mujahid Ali3*, Malik Abdul Rehman4, Shoib ur Rehman5 and Saqib Ayyub2
Amelioration of Thermo-Tolerance Ability in Spinacia oleracea L. Cultivars by Foliar Application of Chitosan
...wth and production of spinach in tropical and subtropical areas. There are many techniques to cope with these stresses but foliar application of chitosan was a very significant tool. Three cultivars of spinach (All Pure Green, Desi Local, and Lahori Palak) were grown at normal temperature 18/20°C (day/night temperature) and then after four weeks after emergence 40/32°C (day/night temperature) was given by gradually e...
Imtiaz Hussain1, Azhar Mahmood Aulakh2, Muhammad Sohail1*, Khalid Hussain2, Ansaar Ahmed3, Abdul Hamid3 and Muhammad Imtiaz3
Impact of Zero Tillage on Productivity of Traditional Mung Bean-Wheat Cropping System of Punjab, Pakistan
...lign: justify;">Conventional mung bean-wheat production system in Punjab, Pakistan involves intensive tillage practices that increases cost of production and declines soil fertility. Zero tillage planting method provides an opportunity to improve crop yield, reduce production cost and GHG emission. Farmer participatory field trials were carried out at six locations in Punjab province, a major Mung bean-Wheat cropping zone to evaluate zero tillage based crop pr...
Amir Aziz1*, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-us-Sabah1, Ghulam Sarwar1 and Sher Muhammad2
Effect of Rice and Wheat Straw and K-Silicate Application on Maize Growth
...re maintained after germination. The fertilizers like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (Urea, SSP and SOP) were provided to the plants according to their requirement and time. The agronomic practices needed for plants were done according to plant demand. At maturity, data regarding yield components were recorded. Soil sampling was performed in all pots to analyze parameters of interest. Statistical a<...
Muhammad Ramzan1, Muneer Abbas1*, Sohail Abbas2, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Aslam1, Javed Anwar Shah1, Muhammad Irshad1 and Mudassar Khaliq1
Incidence of Different Aphid Species on Various High Yielding Wheat Varieties
...is graminum, Sitobion avenae on different varieties. Results indicated that heading and dough stages (Standard Weeks 10 and 11) were most susceptible developmental periods with average 10.56 and 8.36, 21.98 and 18.65 aphids per tiller during 2018 and 2019, respectively. R. padi was most dominant from mid-January to mid-April with maximum population of 100, 84.33, 44.31 and 1.64 % in 2018 as well as 100, 89.78, 22.08, and 0.2...
Zulekha Zameer, Samreen Mohsin, Ammarah Hasnain, Asma Maqbool* and Kauser Abdulla Malik
Influence of Explant Sources on in vitro Callogenesis and Regeneration in Maize (Zea mays L.)
... is hampered due to its unavailability throughout the year and low regeneration response. The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of various explants sources for callogenesis and regeneration in maize (Pioner 3025). The main explants under consideration were: three parts of germinated seedlings, mature embryo and split seeds. Each of these explants was evaluated for its ability to form callus and to regenerate s...
Muhammad Siyar1, Anwar Saeed Khan2*, Fazlur Rahman2 and Muhammad Jamal Nasir2
Spatio-temporal Assessment of Reliability in Pehur Main Canal System, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...iability in Pehur Main Canal system. Reliability of irrigation service is a pre-requisite for higher productivity of irrigated agriculture. Both primary and secondary sources were tapped for data acquisition. An extensive field survey was undertaken in Rabi 2012-13 and Kharif Miana 2013 to acquire actual flow data of individual outlets. The reliability is measured on a scale of 0-1, 1 for complete reliable and 0 for unreliab...
Malik Abdul Rehman1*, Hafiz Muhammad Ehsan2, Tehseen Ashraf2, Zulfiqar Ali Gurmani3, Sajjad Khan3 and Mujahid Ali2
Effect of Growing Media on Plant Growth of Rough Lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) and Poncirus (Citrus trifoliata)
...re) in 14 different combinations of growth media to check for plant growth of rough lemon and poncirus rootstocks. Five plants per treatment were growing in black polythene bags filled with the required media using a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. Data of stem length stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, and survival percentage was recorded. Chemical analysis of leaf was done by taking samples fr...
Muhammad Yaseen1*, Muhammad Luqman1*, Zahoor Hussain2, Usman Saleem3, Asif Nawaz1, Tahir Munir Butt4 and Muhammad Umer Mehmood1
Assessment of Knowledge Level and Information Sources of Vegetable Growers regarding Tunnel Farming in District Sargodha
...e is a lot paid from the national exchequer for the import of vegetables, especially from the neighboring countries. To at least minimize those expenditures tunnel farming to a maximum level can give us a way forward. This transverse study has the Sargodha district as its universe. All the vegetable growers who used to grow off-season vegetables were the population of the study. The snowball sampling technique led us to have...
Hong Hu1, 2, Li Qian1, Yuanlang Wang1, Chaodong Wu1, Xiaodong Zhang1, Yueyun Ding 1*, Li Wang1, Xudong Wu1, Wei Zhang1, Dengtao Li1, Jian Ding1, Min Yang1 and Zongjun Yin1*
Syeda Farzana Bibi* and Siraj ud Din
Unraveling the Bioherbicidal Potential, Elemental Analysis and Nutritional Evaluation of Crataeva adansonii Dc Leaf and Bark
...d to explore and utilize naturally occurring products for combating harmful agricultural and public health issues. Plant-derived substances can exhibit significant results with lesser side effects, and they are easily accessible and more economical than their synthetic alternatives. This study aims to conduct a phytotoxic study of ethanolic extract of Crataeva adansonii DC. leaf and stem bark for assessment of its bioherbici...
Taqi Raza1*, Sergio de Los Santos Villalobos2, Muhammad Shehzad3, Shakeel Imran4 and Derly José Henriques da Silva5
PGP Characterization of Rhizobacteria Associated with Apple Gourd (Praecitrullus fistulosus L.)
...med the amylase and pectinase production activities and 36% confirms the protease activities. Similarly, 82% and 45% of isolates confirmed the solubilization of zinc (Zn) and phosphorus (P) respectively. Almost, the entire isolated strains were given positive results for ammonia (NH4), nitrogen fixation, and indole acetic acid (IAA). Furthermore, for exopolysaccharide (EPS) test, 73% of isolated strains confirmed the EPS production. The conclusion revealed tha...
Shahid Ahmed1,2*, Huiqing Su1, Xuqian Sun1, Peng Feng1, Yongpan Chen1, Liang Yu1, Qian Liu1 and Heng Jian1
Performance of Cereal Varieties against Cereal Cyst Nematode (Heterodera avenae)
...tode (CCN) Heterodera avenae is one of the biotic stress factors that directly affects the crop physiology from seed germination to crop maturity and limits the cereal production in different agro-ecologies of the world. In China, this pathogen is widespread in more than 20 provinces and infects the major cereal varieties and germplasm being adopted for cereal crop production annually. We ...
Atef Mohamed El-Sagheer
Status of Phytonematodes in a Main Commercial Banana Production of Upper Egypt
...ustify;">The fields of banana (Musa sapientum L.) cultivations were surveyed for the prevalence of phytonematodes in Assiut governorate at middle of Upper Egypt. The encountered phytonematodes were identified during the survey belong to sixteen genera comprising sixteen genera belonging to nine families viz., Criconemella, Criconemoides, Ditylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Heterodera, Hoplolaimus, Longidorus, Meloidogyne, Paratyle...
Taqiur Rahman1, Tabassum Yaseen1*, Ali Mujtaba Shah2, Samiullah3, Ghulam Jelani3, Gul Nawaz1,Qudratullah Kalwar2
... Pro";">Ethno veterinary medicine is a program focused on traditional values, expertise and skills; the methodologies and methods used to treat diseases, maintaining animal health and its importance to ethnobotany and Pharmacogonosy.The objective of the present study is to identify the leading medicinal plants used by local communities for the treatment of animals and document the thr...
Hamida Sarwar1, Kousar Perveen1,Rida Mazhar2, Muhammad Afzal1, Syed Amir Gilani3
... report is a cross-sectional study comprising statistical data and mental health measurements from HCW including doctors, nurses, and paramedics from DHQ Hospital, Jhelum, Punjab Pakistan during the period April 24, 2020, to May 09, 2020. Healthcare professionals in hospitals equipped with flu filter clinics and COVID-19 isolation wards were eligible. After obtaining informed consent and assuring confidentiality, statistical...
Samreen Khan, Tabassum Ara Khanum, Nasira Kazi, Salma Javed* and Shahina Fayyaz
Description of Aphelenchoides acacia n. sp. and Aphelenchoides naurangiensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) with Observation on Aphelenchoides saprophilus Franklin, 1957 from District Lakki Marwat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
....), ber (Ziziphus muritiana L.) and paper flower (Bougainvillea spectabilis L.) and Aphelenchoides naurangiensis n. sp. recovered from soil samples of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), thoroughly described and illustrated from District Lakki Marwat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The new species namely Aphelenchoides acacia n. sp. belongs to the Group 2 of Aphelenchoides Species Sensu Shahi
Majid Shahi Bajestani1, Esmat Mahdikhani Moghadam2*, Reza Aghnoum3 and Hamid Rohani2
Study of Plant Parasitic Nematodes and Description of New Record (Rotylenchus alius) Associated with Barley (Hordium vulgare L.) in Khorasan Razavi Province, Northeast Iran
... apus and Meloidogyne arenaria were reported as new host record from barley fields of Iran. Meloidogyne arenaria, was selected for detailed investigation at molecular level. Molecular traits on Meloidogyne arenaria species done by partial 18s ribosomal DNA primer and sequence results verified the morphometric studies a...
Muhammad Javaid1*, Unsar Naeem-Ullah1, Waheed S. Khan2, Shafqat Saeed1, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1 and Muhammad Arslan Khan1
Role of Nanotechnology in Crop Protection and Production: A Review
...gies in agriculture like nanotechnology for sustainable agriculture production. Nanoparticles have physical, biological and chemical characteristics with size range of 10-9 nanometer in diameter. Nanotechnology will serve as an innovation in agriculture and food industry i.e. nanopesticides to manage insect pests of di...
Kui Zhang1,2, Ping Geng1, Sher Khan Panhwar3, Khadim Hussain Memon4 and Zuozhi Chen1,2,*
...an important role in the national economy of Pakistan, as reflected in the provision of animal protein, employment solutions, and foreign-exchange earnings through exports. However, stock assessments are available for few of the commercial marine fish species in Pakistani waters. Most commercial fish species lack assessments of maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and allowable catch, a situati...
Muhammad Aamir Naseer1, Amjad Islam Aqib2*, Ambreen Ashar3, Muhammad Ijaz Saleem1, Muhammad Shoaib4, Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar1, Khurram Ashfaq1, Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta1 and Shagufta Nighat5
...actors, and comparative analysis of antibiogram of bpSA and nbpSA at various cadre. Milk samples (n=250) from cattle (n=90) and buffalo (n=160) were aseptically collected from various dairy farms and put to biofilm detection and antibiogram. Based on collected data with statistical inferences, the study found 61.60% of S. aureus from subclinical samples, while 72.73% of S. aureus were positive for biofilm with uniform hike in samples from cattle ...
Ayesha Talib1,2, Khanzadi Nazneen Manzoor1, Wajahat Ali1, Maria Saeed1, Muhammad Asif Gondal1, Malik Badshah3 and Abid Ali Khan1*
...to fight them is through nanoparticles. Green synthesis is an easy way to synthesize nanoparticles by using biological resources as it is cost effective, eco-friendly and large-scale production possibilities exist. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) have been synthesized from the aqueous fruit extracts of Ficus sycomorus and their physico-chemical properties as well as antimicrobial activ...
Fanrong Xiao, Jichao Wang and Haitao Shi*
...en morphology and functional performance in these two species. The Keeled box turtle has a flatter shell, larger head, longer toes, better clinging ability, and better self-righting ability, whereas the Flowerback box turtle has a more domed shell, smaller head, shorter toes, decreased clinging ability, and decreased self-righting ability. Together, these results provide evidence that these two species are specialized to use different microhabitats. These diff...
Kecheng Zhu1,2,3, Peiying He1, Baosuo Liu1,2,3, Huayang Guo1,2,3, Nan Zhang1,2,3, Liang Guo1,2,3, Shigui Jiang1,2,3 and Dianchang Zhang1,2,3,*
...lated by myoblast determination protein (MyoD), a muscle-specific basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor in higher vertebrates. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of the myomaker gene has not been explored in marine fishes. In the present study, molecular cloning, bioinformatic analysis and transcriptional a
Yihong Tian, Yongmei Qi*, Sajid Naeem, Ke Gao and Yingmei Zhang*
...aluated by western blot analysis. MTT assay revealed that spermidine decreased the viability of Hela cells in a dose-dependent manner in conjunction with disrupted morphology. Moreover, spermidine caused cell damage as evidenced by elevated LDH leakage and compromised MMP as demonstrated by flow cytometry. Concomitantly, western blot analysis showed that spermidine induced autophagy by activating the LC3 conversion and p62 d...
Yasir Sharif1, Saba Irshad1*, Ammara Muazzam1, Muhammad Hamza Tariq1, Ambreen Kanwal1, Sana Rasheed1, Mabel Baxter Dalrymple2 and Anam Tariq1
...ssessed by physical examination of pallor, splenomegaly, ascites, and hepatomegaly. The average±SD values of patients’ CBCs and liver enzymes were: red blood cells 3.07x 1012±0.769x 1012/L, white blood cells 8.89x 109±2.849x 109/L, hemoglobin 8.01± 1.027 g/dL, platelets 321.68x 109±1.027x 109/L, serum ferritin 2773.3±1071.9ng/mL, alanine transami
Fan Sigang1, Guo Yihui1* and Xu Youhou2
...sh common in southern China. Investigation on the molecular regulatory mechanisms of gonadal maturation in scallop is critical in the aquacultural industry. Here, gonads in maturing stage were obtained from noble scallops and sequenced using an Illumina high-throughput sequencer, producing 6.68 and 6.70 Gb of data for the ovary and testis, respectively. ...
Zhi Chen1, Toshifumi Minamoto2, Longshan Lin3 and Tianxiang Gao4,*
...) analysis is a powerful tool within ecology for the distribution or abundance study of aquatic species. DNA extracting was an indispensable process to employ this method. In eDNA extracting of macro-organisms, DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit was commonly used, but its price was about 80 RMB/sample, w...
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Ayman Balla Mustafa2, Nasir Ali Tauqir3, Riaz Hussain Mirza1, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Rana Muhammad Bilal4 and Muhammad Shahid Nabeel5
...potential in extensive management system (EMS) and semi-intensive management system (SIMS). The mean milk yield and range of Marecha she-camel was found to be 5.6±0.3, 6.1±0.2 and 3-8, 5-9 kg under EMS and SIMS, respectively. The fat, protein, lactose, SNF and total solids percentage was found to be 4.44, 4.40; 3.42, 3.38; 4.82, 4.76; 8.96, 8.93 and 13.38; 13.33, respectively under EMS and SIMS. The results cou...
Neelam Pery1*, Fatima Ijaz1, Nayab Batool Rizvi1, Munawar Ali Munawar1 and Muhammad Imtiaz Shafiq2*
...mprising a network of signaling pathways. By controlling one pathway, the pathogenesis continues through complementary pathways. Janus kinase and bruton’s tyrosine kinase regulates a number of T-cell and B-cell mediated signaling pathways ranging from cytokine expression and antibody production to the bone resorption and cartilage destruction. We p...
Shazia Rasheed1*, Javed Mustaquim2 and Khalil Hasni1
... relative growth (functional) as well as by examining the condition of gonads (physiological) in both sexes of Portunus pelagicus. During the study it was observed that the physiological and functional maturities occur almost at the same size which was from 68 to 75 mm short carapace width or 86 to 94 mm long carapace width. Male P. pelagicus matures earlier than the females....
Gautam Patra1*, Ana Sahara2, Sonjoy Kumar Borthakur1, Parthasarathi Behera3, Subhamoy Ghosh1, Apurba Debbarma4 and Seikh Sahanawaz Alam5
... understanding disease dynamics and associated risks in biological conservation. The present study was undertaken from North Eastern part of India from January, 2017 to March, 2018 to identify and molecularly characterize Plasmodium relictum based on cyt b gene in various species of wild birds (Upupa epops, Passer domesticus, Pycnonotus cafer, Bubulcus ibis). The birds were captured by netting system. After blood was c...
Comparative Analysis of Muscle Development in Zebrafish with Different Intermuscular-Bo nes Patterns
Jian Yang1, Guangxiang Tong2, Zhipeng Sun2, Xianhu Zheng2, Weihua Lv2, Dingchen Cao2, Xiaowen Sun2 and Youyi Kuang2*
...io rerio) mutant to analyze the impact of imbs deficiency on adjacent muscle development and growth by examining expression of muscle-specific genes and muscle structure. Five muscle-specific genes including myod, myog, myf5, mef2ca and sox6 were selected to test and verify the expression differences in embryonic development stages (3 hpf, 6 hpf, 12 hpf, 24 hpf, and 72 hpf) and post-embryonic stages (15 dpf, 30 dpf, 45 dp...
Faiqah Ramzan1,2,*, Irfan Zia Qureshi2 and Muhammad Haris Ramzan3
...t govern the pituitary-gonadal-axis. However, in sexually immature male mammals, the maturation of gonads is not clear yet. The current study tested the hypothesis that continuous kisspeptin administration suppresses gonadotropin and testosterone release and spermatogenesis. Intraperitoneal kisspeptin administration was carried out in 05 weeks old prepubertal male Sprague Dawley rats, twic...
Turgay Şişman1,*, Muhammet Çağrı Keskin1, Hatice Dane1, Şeymanur Adil1, Fatime Geyikoğlu1, Suat Çolak2 and Esra Canpolat1
... of environmental contamination, nuclear abnormalities of peripheral erythrocytes and lung, liver, and kidney histopathologies were evaluated in marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus) in agricultural areas. The most prominent histopathological alterations observed in lung tissue were noted as epithelial hyperplasia, thickness of alveolar septa, dilatations and congestions of blood capillaries, and melanomacrophage accumulation. An increase in the number and...
Tasleem Akhtar1, 2, Ghazanfar Ali1,* and Nuzhat Shafi2
...y important Schizothoracinae from Neelum and Jhelum rivers during 2015-2016. In the present study, four species of Schizothorax had been found, in which three species were already reported (S. esocinus, S. plagiostomus and S. progastus) and one new species (S. niger) was found first time in AJK. One hundred and fifty-nine specimens of S. plagiostomus, 74 specimens of S. esocinus, 21 specimens of S. progastus and 8 spec...
Faryal Saad1,3, Zia Ur Rahman2, Aamir Khan3, Rabia Noushin4, Irfan Ullah5, Farman Ullah Dawar3,Shahid Naiz Khan3, Rafiqe Hussain6, Kenza Javed2, Abid ur Rehman7, Amna Fayaz3, Zohra Saifullah3 and Kalim Ullah3*
...developing fetus and pregnant women respectively. Proper in-time diagnosis of CMV is the most effective way to control this disease. Lack of health care facilities and proper screening of pregnant women for various congenital infections in the Sothern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, making the situation more worst. Therefore, this preliminary study was set to assess the seroprevalence and...
Xia Li1*, Xueliang Zhan1 and Xinjie Shi2
...tudy was to observe and analyze the efficacy of ulinastatin combined with ambroxol in the treatment of AECOPD complicated with type II respiratory failure. A total of 180 patients treated in our hospital due to AECOPD complicated with type II respiratory failure were enrolled in the study and divided into study group and reference group, each with 90 patients. The study group was treated with ulina
Mushtaq Ahamd Khan1, Ziaul Islam2, *, Amin Ullah Jan3, Kamran Khan2 and Abdullah Shah3
...T. gondii during pregnancy can result in severe abnormalities in infants such as hydrocephalus and mental retardation. The present study was conducted to estimate seroprevalence and potential risk factors in acquiring T. gondii infection by child-bearing age women in Dir Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Pakistan. A cross sectional study was conducted and data regarding risk factors were recorded through question
Zeki Aras1*, Gökçenur Sanioğlu Gölen1, Zafer Sayin2 and Ali Evren Haydardedeoğlu3
...titis, abortion, weak neonates and infertility in sheep and goats worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of C. abortus in abomasum content of aborted sheep and goat fetuses from provinces of the Central Anatolia of Turkey by PCR. A total of 105 aborted sheep fetuses and 15 aborted goat fetuses were collected from 120 different herds in the lambing seasons 2015-2016. Chlamydial D
Amna Arshad Bajwa1, Saher Islam1, Muhmmad Imran1, Karman Ashraf2, Arman Khan1, Muhammad Farhan Khan3, Imran Rashid2, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor1, Waseem Ahmad Khan4 and Wasim Shehzad1*
.... Accurate gender determination is important for studying ecology and conservation biology. Therefore, a simple molecular technique, that is precise with non-invasive sampling approaches such as faeces, would be valuable. In the present study a set of molecular markers was developed exploiting the AMLx/y gene to assess gender of Punjab urial population in Kala Bagh, using faecal samples as the DNA
Mudussar Nawaz1, Iahtasham Khan2, Muhammad Shakeell*, Arfan Yousaf1, Zahid Naseer1, Munibullah1, Ali Zohaib3, Riaz Hussain4 and Qudrat Ullah5
...ucellosis is an occupational hazard for veterinarians and animal handlers. The current work aimed to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in buffaloes and goats of Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan. A total of 341 milk samples from buffaloes (n=180) and goats (n=161) were screened by (Milk Ring Test) MRT and milk i-ELISA for anti-Brucella antibodies. Higher prevalence was found in buffaloes (5.6% and 16.1%) tha...
Yahui Wang1, Ling Ren1, Yishen Xing1, Xin Hu1, 2, Qian Li1, Lingyang Xu1, Junya Li1* and Lupei Zhang1*
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Shahzad Akbar1, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Mustaqeem2, Muhammad Luqman3, Ijaz Asghar4 and Muhammada Asam Riaz1
...i> (oleander) and Dodonaea viscosa (sanatha) exhibited maximum repellency (up to 78%) of termite individuals, followed by A. indica (neem). In addition, the essential oils of Citrus aurantium (sour orange) and Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass) were most effective against O. obesus termites with minimum LC50 (0.44 and 0.74%, respectively) and LT50 (10.91 and 16.89 h, re...
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Afzal1,Muhammad Asam Riaz1,Kanwer Shahzad Ahmed1, Muhammad Luqman2, Mehar Zubair Shehzad1, Muhammad Bilal Tayyab1, Mujahid Tanvir1 and Saadia Wahid1
...of indigenous ethnomedicinal flora of Soone Valley and surrounding Salt Range of Pakistan. Acetone extracts (10%) of forty plant species were evaluated against Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri), armyworm (Spodoptera litura), house mosquito (Culex quinquefasciatus) and subterranean termite (Odontotermes obesus) using twig-dip, leaf-dip, aqueous exposure and filter paper-dip bioassay methods, ...
Muhammad Ramzan, Unsar Naeem-Ullah*, Mudssar Ali and Hasan Riaz
...udied on Ficus benjamina (L.) under the laboratory conditions. The results on different biological and morphological parameters showed that the fecundity of female ranged from 160 to 281 which increased its survival rate. Trilocha varians has five larval instars. The last instar changed its colour to dark reddish and look like branches of host plants. The male and female mean longevity was 6.0 ± 1.171 and 11.4 ± 1.70 days. Pale redd...
Mehwish Saleem Khan
Evaluation of Changes in Zinc Levels in Patients Suffering from Cancer
...r, esophageal cancer, urinary bladder cancer, blood cancer and brain tumor. In addition to serum zinc level of cancer patients many other parameters were also studied such as, age limit, weight of cancer patients, effect of smoking on cancer patients, effect of radiation on cancer patients, effect of chemicals on cancer patients, infections in cancer patients and physiological changes in some patients. The experimental work had been done in city lab and resear...
Agustine Christela Melviana1, Rizkita Rachmi Esyanti1*, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Maizirwan Mel3, Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani4 and Juris Burlakovs5
Gene Expression Related to Steviol Glycoside Synthesis Produced in Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Shoot Culture Induced with High Far-Red LED Light in TIS RITA® Bioreactor System
...e potential uses for the natural sweetener industry due to it’s antidiabetic properties, hence a large number of plant source is required to supply the industry. To overcome the hindrances in the propagation of Stevia plants using in vivo methods, an alternative technique of propagation using in vitro methods is needed. The micropropagation method with the RITA® (Recipient for Automated Temporary Immersion System) ...
Samia Ikram1*, Riaz ur Rehman1, Farwa Batool2 and Atyab Amjad3
Evaluation of Bird of Paradise for Commercial Flower Production by using Organic Manures
...paradise (Strelitzia reginae) belongs to family Strelitziaceae. Bird of paradise is a beautiful multi color cut flower with a distinct flower shape of a bird and is an important commercial crop of tropical area. The present research work was designed to investigate the effect of different organic manures on the growth of Bird of paradise as commercial crop in agro metrological conditions of Islamabad during 2016-2018. Following four treatments were designed: T...
Mohammad Mohsin Faqeer1, Muhammad Aquil Siddiqui2*, Nighat Seema Soomro1, Shameem Raja3, Muhammad Tahir Khan2, Ghulam Shah Nizamani2, Fareen Deeba Soomro4 and Muhammad Mahran Aslam2
Impact of Row Spacing on the Growth and Yield Parameters of Lentil (Lens culinaris L) under Semi-arid Region of Pakistan
...picted that maximum germination, plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of pods plant-1, weight of 1000 seeds, seed yield, and early days to maturity were observed at 30 cm row spacing. Interaction of varieties x row spacing indicated that NIA Masoor 2016 showed the best performance at 30 cm row spacing. This genotype exhibited highest germination (97.02 %), plant height (41.17 cm), number branches per plant (7.53)...
Jianjun Fu1, Shili Liu2, 3, Wenbin Zhu1, Yongyi Jia2, 3, Lanmei Wang1, Yufen Yang4, Zhimin Gu2, 3*and Zaijie Dong1*
...lly important fish in China. However, natural stocks have been decreasing rapidly in recent years. Genetic improvement breeding programs of C. alburnus offer an essential strategy in developing a sustainable solution. In this study, we developed three multiplex PCR panels, including twelve microsatellite loci for C. alburnus, and applied parentage ana...
Mumtazur Rahman1, Farhan Anwar Khan1,*,Umar Sadique1, Ijaz Ahmad1, Shakoor Ahmad1, Faisal Ahmad1,2, Hayatullah Khan1,3, Muhammad Saeed1, Faiz Ur Rehman1, Ibrar Hussain1, M. Faraz Khan1, M. Izhar ul Haque1 and Hanif-ur-Rehman1,3
...dly disease of small ruminants, especially goats. It is an economically important disease, causing high morbidity and mortality in goats. More recently Mccp Pakistan strain has been identified and isolated by our laboratory. Alarmingly, antimicrobials in animals are inappropriately using and resultantly leading to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) including mycoplasmas, which are causing serious infections in rumi
Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Youssef* and Suzan Abd-Elazeim Hassabo
The Role of Genetic Engineering in Management of Plant Parasitic Nematodes with Emphasis on Root-Knot Nematodes: A Review
...he formation of new combination of heritable material (DNA) by the insertion of nucleic acid molecules produced outside the cells into any virus, bacteria, plasmid or other vector system in which they are capable of continued propagation. Azotobacter spp. with nematicidal activity could control root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. The development of such strains by genetic manipulati...
Zubia Rahim1, Gulnaz Parveen1*, Salma Gul2 and Khushnood-ur-Rehman3
Ameliorating Effects of Salt Stress (KCl, NaCl) on Growth and Germination Parameters of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum americanum)
...s on the growth and germination of Pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum), locally named as Bajra. Five seeds sown in petri dishes to observe the radical, plumule length and germination percentage after treatments to 100, 150, 200 and 250mM concentration of above mentioned salts. Control petri dishes/ pots were irrigated with distilled water. The experiment was extended to study growth (numb...
Arifa Khan1*, Arsalan Bashir1, Shazia Erum2, Jabar Zaman Khan Khatak1 and Aish Muhammad3
Effects of 6-Benzylaminopurine and Indole-3-acetic Acid on Growth and Root Development of Banana Explants in Micropropagation
...e impact of various combinations of growth regulators 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP cytokinins family) and Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA auxin family) on growth and root induction of banana explants micro-propagated in vitro. Explants were obtained from young suckers of 8818-william, Pisang and Brazilian varieties. The explants were cultured in vitro containing MS media and different BAP and IAA co...
Muhammad Abdullah1, Syed Attaullah Shah1, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai1, Jahangir Khan1*, Mohammad Fayaz1, Irfan Ullah1* and Sabeeh Ullah2
Analysis of Agricultural Land Price Determinants and Policy Implications for Controlling Residential and Commercial Encroachments: Facts from District Swabi (Pakistan)
...dentify important determinants of their prices in Swabi district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For this purpose, a sample of 79 land parcels, having transaction record for the year 2015-2017, was selected from 10 randomly chosen villages. Data were collected on their prices and their physical, agricultural and location characteristics. Descriptive statistical tools were used to summarize data on agricultural land characteristics. A linear Hedonic Pricing Model (HPM) ...
Muhammad Yasir*, Mansoor ul Hasan, Muhammad Sagheer, Amer Rasul, Rameesha Amjad Ali and Habib ur Rehman
Evaluation of Spinosad Applied to Grain Commodities for the Control of Stored Product Insect Pests
...ing the Oryzeaphilus surinamensis, Tribolium castaneum and Trogoderma granarium to the treated commodities (wheat, maize, rice and oats) at concentrations of 0.25, 0.50 and 1 mg Kg-1 under laboratory conditions maintained at 28 ± 2oC, 65 ± 5% RH and continuous darkness. Seven bioassays were conducted by releasing the insects on treated commodities after different post treatment periods (0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 mo...
Sajid Khan* and Shahnaz Akhtar
Effect of Farm Labor Transformation on Households Income in Central Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...d and pre-tested questionnaire. Nine village councils from three districts were selected through random sampling techniques. The data were collected from 393 sample households and were analyzed by using paired sample t-test through Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) and descriptive statistics, percentages, and rank orders. Farm labor transformation was found significantly affecting the earnings of households&rsq...
Masoud Hassani1* and Omid Madadgar2,3
Serological Evidence of Bluetongue in Iran: A Meta-Analysis Study
...of Iran based-on a meta-analysis study. The meta-analysis study was conducted in national and international databases to find articles which evaluated bluetongue seroprevalence by antibody-captured ELISA test in livestock in Iran by searching terms including bluetongue, sheep, ovine,...
37th PAKISTAN CONGRESS OF ZOOLOGY (INTERNATIONAL) DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY, GC UNIVERSITY, FAISALABAD, PAKISTAN
38th PAKISTAN CONGRESS OF ZOOLOGY (INTERNATIONAL) DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB, LAHORE, Pakistan
40th PAKISTAN CONGRESS OF ZOOLOGY (INTERNATIONAL) Department of Parasitology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam
Md. Gulam Rabbany Rassel1, Kazi Afsana Homayra Orchy1, Md. Moshiur Rahman Khan1, Marzia Rahman2 and Md. Mahmudul Alam1*
Hematological and Serum Biochemical Indices in Calves with Navel Ill
... in calves affected with navel ill. Peripheral blood was collected from affected and healthy calves, and serum was separated for biochemical evaluation. In term of haematological profile, Hb and TEC were decreased whereas PCV and TLC were elevated compared to healthy calves. Some leading enzymes such as ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, CK were elevated in affected calves than their healthy counterparts. Creatinine, BUN, LDL, HDL, cholesterol and triglyceride were also elev...
Abdul Majid Khan1,*, Muhammad Tahir Waseem1, Rana Manzoor Ahmad2, Ayesha Iqbal1, Hafiza Imrana Naz1, Amtur Rafeh1 and Muhammad Ameen1
...teeth. The morphometric analysis of the dental specimens led us to recognize the sample as belonging to Eotragus noyei, which has been considered as the smallest and the oldest bovid in the Siwaliks. Eotragus noyei is characterized by brachydont teeth, finely rugose enamel, more inclined buccal walls of the molars and small lingual cingula. The inclination of the metaco
Yaqiu Liu1, Zhijian Wang 2, Xinhui Li 1*, Jianrong Zhao2 and Weitao Chen 1
...r-exposed condition (in anaerobic conditions), while the level of oxidative stress in the gill, anterior, and middle gut clearly decreased. When recovering under normoxia conditions, the physical level of oxidative stress quickly returned to normal levels.
...
Muhammad Mohsin1, Yin Hengbin2,* and Zhang Luyao3
...shing industry of the China is the largest in world which is usually believed to be facing overexploitation risk. In this condition, it becomes necessary to estimate stock status of fishery resources particularly having commercial importance. Thus, this study is the first time attempt to know whether Spanish mackerel, a major landed fishery resource in Shandong, China, is experiencing overexploitation or not by estimating it...
Ye Ge1,2,3, Qiucheng Yao1, Hongliang Chai3, Yuping Hua3* and Guohua Deng2*
...l to infect mammals. We analysed the level of cytokine expression in response to four H6 AIVs in CEFs and DEFs using real-time PCR. The results showed that the viruses from wild birds could induce a higher level of cytokine expression in CEFs than in DEFs. These findings suggested that H6 AIV in wild birds, especially migratory species, play an indispensable role in the spread and reassortment of AIVs and provide unknown opportunities for mutation and emergenc...
Inga Kowalewska-Łuczak1 and Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska2,*
...aim of the study was to analyze the possible influence of polymorphism in the NCF4 and SAA2 genes on selected milk and reproductive traits in the Polish Holstein-Friesian cattle (black and white variety). Analysis of genotypes of individual...
Syed Zakir Hussain Shah1*, Muhammad Afzal2, Mahroze Fatima3, Syed Makhdoom Hussain4 and Tanveer Ahmed5
...ndependently and in combination in the diet resulted in less nutrient contents in fish feces. In conclusion, addition of CA and PHY in the Labeo rohita diet may improve the nutrient digestibility which may lead to improved growth performance and less pollution in the water bodies.
...
Yonghua Liu*, Xianhua Li, Xiongfei Yan and Gang Li
...rtrix, Acleris fimbriana Merick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a serious pest on fruit trees in North China. Under laboratory conditions (temperature 25 ± 1ºC, 80 ± 5% relative humidity, photoperiod 14L:10D), the effect of the 4 host plants Armeniaca vulgaris (apricot), Malus pumila (apple), Prunus salicina (plum), and Amygdalus persica...
Xuya Zhou1, Ying Liu1, Deqin Xu1, Jie Bao1, Yaru Cao2 and Yong Jin3*
...one, selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors: rofecoxib, celecoxib. This study was aimed to find out whether unification of two drugs would increase cardiovascular side effects. Type 2 diabetic rat model was induced through feeding with fodder containing high sugar and lipid and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The adjuvant-induced arthritis model was established by Paraffin/BCG. We used western blot to explore the protein expression levels of ...
Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Atiq Ur Rahman and Anwar Saeed Khan
Assessment of Irrigation Development in the Small Dams Command Area: A Case Study of Palai Dam, District Charsadda
...n. The development and management of water resources are of extreme importance for the sustainable development of agriculture specifically in rain-fed areas. Palai dam is a small irrigation dam, constructed on River Jindi, some 40 km north of Charsadda town. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the impact of the Palai dam on the irrigation system of selected villages of tehsil Tangi. The study is based on an a
Inam Ur Rahman1, Syed Faizan Iftikhar2, Sanam Wagma Khattak3*, Wajahat Ali1, Azra4 and Sajad Ali1
South Asian Experience of Trade Liberalization: Implications for Food Security
...urity is a multi-dimensional phenomenon having four pillars like availability of food, access to food, utilization of food and stability of food, where each pillar consist of several indicators. This study have two main objectives; computation of food security various dimensions indices and a composite food security index and exploring the link between trade liberalization and food security various dimensions, in the case of selected South Asian economies. The...
Syed Muhammad1*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui2, Farhat Ullah Khan1 and Nawab Khan3
Self-perceived Constraints of Extension Field Staff Affecting their Working Efficiency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...taff (EFS) is the dissemination of latest agricultural technologies to educate the farmers’ community about how to use new applications and techniques of modern technology for the purpose to increase agricultural production. The efficiency of EFS is, therefore, reflected by the farmers’ adoption level of modern recommended technology. The current study was designed and conducted during February 2018 for the purpose to find out self-perceived main c...
Ghulam Murtaza1*, Muhammad Ramzan2, Amna Razzaq4, Muhammad Numan3, Rukhsar Beanish4, Ayesha Zafar4, Muhammad Shan Latif3 and Muhammad Adnan3
Screening of Brinjal (Solanum melongena) Varieties against Jassid, Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla
...>Brinjal (Solanum melongena) is a very important and nutritious vegetable grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Both nymphs and adults of Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla suck the cell sap from underside the leaves resulting in leaves curling and yellowing. Jassid (Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla) inject toxic materials into leaves which results necrosis. An experimental study was conducted by using randomized complete block design (RCBD) during 2018 ...
Asifa Kamal1*, Ghazala Noreen1 and Muhammad Amin2
Trends and Determinants of Fertility in Pakistan: Multivariate Decomposition Analysis (PDHS 1990-91 to PDHS 2012-13)
...ic, economic and attitudinal factors affecting fertility in Pakistan for the three waves of cross sectional Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys (PSHS 1990-91, PDHS 2006-07 and PDHS 2012-13). Multivariate decomposition analysis and pooled cross section techniques are used to analyse the data. It is concluded from multivariate pooled a
Adeen Kiran1, Umar Farooq Gohar1*, Ayesha Farooq1, Malik Muhammad Asif2 and Hamid Mukhtar1
Redressal of Antibiotic Resistance using Plant Extracts
...pathogens and microbial inability to develop resistance against these pathogens. Therefore, the trend has been shifting from using synthetic or semi-synthetic antibiotics to the use of medicinal plants which are the part and parcel of traditional medicines. Thus, this review article explains the different mechanisms adopted by microbial life to develop resistance against antibiotics. This ...
Yifan Ni1, Jian Liu1, Fen Wu1, Jianfeng Cai1, Jinzhi Zhang1*, Jianqing Hua2 and Jiping Fu2
...r;Gln). The association analysis indicated that the GG genotype of MDR1 gene and the TT genotype of OPN gene had the highest values for the total number of piglets born (TNB), the number of piglets born alive (NBA), piglet weight at birth (PWB) and litter weight at birth (LWB) in both primiparous and multiparous sows of the three breeds. These results suggested that the SNP locis of MDR1 and OPN genes can be used in Marker-Assisted ...
Yongmei Gao1, Peihong Gao2, Yanjun Wang3, Jinhua Han4 and Yang Shu1*
...t is concluded that combination therapy of mifepristone and Guizhifuling capsule can significantly improve the treatment effect in patients with uterine fibroids.
...
Saima Siddique1* and Zarrien Ayub2
...-frequency distribution analysis was bimodal in different seasons with the exception of three modes in summer’2012 and one mode in autumn’2012. Estimated parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth functions include growth coeffient (K) = 0.48 year-1, theoretical asymptotic maximum size (TD∞) = 8.2 cm and hypothetical age at length zero (t0)= -0.55 year. The longevity was calculated to be 5.7 years. The
Muhammad Jahanzaib1*, Nazakat Nawaz1, Muhammad Arshad1, Shehzadi Saima4, Muhammad Suhaib2, Muzammil Husain3, Haris Khurshid1 and Shahid Ali Khan1
Effect of Temporal Application of Gypsum on Mineral Uptake and Economically Important Morphometric Traits in Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L) under Rain-fed Conditions
...oundnut variety (Variety name) was grown in 3 replications with 5 m row length using a randomized complete block design. Five different treatments were applied in two split doses i.e. T1 (0 %:100 %), T2 (25 %:75 %), T3 (50 %:50 %), T4 (75 %:25 %), and T5 (100 %:0 %) at the time of sowing and pegging compared with Check (T0). Results showed significant differences among treatments for yield and related agronomic traits as well as mineral concentration in respon...
Muhammad Iqbal1, Muhammad Ehetisham ul Haq1*, Muhammad Kamran1, Muhammad Idrees1, Shahid Nazir2, Ihsan Ullah3, Sumera Naz1, Shaukat Ali1 and Muhammad Zafar Iqbal2
Morpho-Molecular Characterization of Xanthomonas Axonopodis Pv. Citri Associated with Kinnow (Mandarin) and its Management
...ntion, eradication and management programs around the globe. The present study was coined to record the incidence of the disease in the Sargodha districts of the Punjab province. Furthermore, isolated bacterium from diseased samples was characterized morphologically and molecularly. The relative efficacy of commercially available antibiotics against the pathogen was evaluated in the lab and in field conditions. A systematic survey of randomly ten localities/sa...
Anjali Khadka1*, Subodh Raj Pandey2, Subarna Sharma Acharya3, Amrit Poudel4 and Sushma Adhikari1
Morphological Evaluation and Multivariate Analysis of Soybean Glycine max (L.) Merrill Genotypes in Western Mid-Hills of Nepal
...al was performed at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Lumle, Kaski, Nepal. Sixteen soybean genotypes were placed out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. According to mean performance, the genotypes F778817, G-1873 and KAVRE performed better and were found high yielding. Phenotypic coefficient of variation was found to be higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation for all traits. Most of the traits observed were m...
Ahmed Weli Hussein Osman1,2, Rakibul Islam1, Md. Bazlar Rashid1, Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud2,3* and Pravin Mishra4
Nanoparticle Tactics for the Oral Delivery of Insulin in Alloxan-Induced Hyperglycemia in Rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica) Model
...cially the gastro-intestinal tract represents the great challenges. Polymeric nanoparticles are suitable colloidal carriers for insulin delivery. The current study was carried out to evaluate nanoparticle tactics for the oral delivery of insulin in the alloxan-induced hyperglycemia in rat model. Twenty male rats of age four months were randomly allocated into four different groups (T0, T1,...
Shafii Abdullahi Mohamed1, Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud2*, Yonis Abukar Mohamed3, Pravin Mishra4 and Osman Sheikh Ali Jama5
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Population Towards Brucellosis in Benadir Region, Somalia
... justify;">A cross-sectional study using random sampling was conducted from May to September 2020 in Benadir region of Somalia, to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of population towards Brucellosis. In this study, a total of 120 participants share their knowledge, attitude, and practices towards Brucellosis. Their knowledge regarding causative agent was 37.5% (n=45) and the disease was 45% (n=54), while trans...
Abdul Hameed1*, Ihtsham ul Haq Padda2 and Abdul Salam3
Estimating Food Consumption Patterns in Pakistan by Using Ideal Demand System
... examine the behavior of national and regional food consumption and purchasing power to develop food security policies. This study estimates the demand for food in Pakistan through indirect expenditure and price utility functions, using integrated household economic survey 2015-16 data and the nonlinear quadratic almost ideal demand system. The paper finding shows that demand for most comm...
Muhammad Ali Shah, Faiz Ur Rehman, Abbas Mehmood, Fareed Ullah, Sayed Irfan Shah and Syed Majid Rasheed*
Combining Ability, Heritability and Gene Action Assessment in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) for Yield and Yield Attributes
...An F1 hybrid of Brassica napus L., derived from 5 × 5 diallel, was studied to estimate combining ability, heritability and gene action of morphological and yield associated traits, utilizing randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two replications, at Bacha Khan Agricultural Research Farm (BARF), Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during the growing season of 2017-18. The data were collected for pods related traits and total yield. The results ...
Sidra Shehzadi, Sher Bahadar Khan*, Umar Sadique and Saqib Nawaz
Isolation and Molecular Identification of Clostridium perfringens Type D in Goats in District Peshawar
...osis, treatment and vaccination. A total of 100 fecal samples were collected aseptically from four different zones of district Peshawar during the period of February, 2019 to April, 2019. C. perfringens Type D was confirmed through bacterial culturing, Gram staining, biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) . Results revealed that 25 feacal samples collected from suspected goats were positive for C. perfringens Type D and t...
Ghulam Rabbani1, Uzma Javed1*, Javed Iqbal2, Ruqeah Mustafa3, Ghulam Shabbir2 and Fida Hassan Shah4
Barani Mash a Newly Developed Disease Resistant and High Yielding Mash Cultivar for Rainfed Areas of Punjab, Pakistan
...eld per plant and 100-kernal weight. Based on desirable traits and higher yield, this line was approved with name of “Barani Mash” by the Punjab Seed Council for its cultivation on commercial level in rainfed areas of Punjab. “Barani Mash” will prove to be a good alternative of existing cultivars and cultivation of this cultivar would help to increase the productivi...
Muhammad Shahzad Akbar, Farrukh Sajjad, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Luqman, Muhammad Asam Riaz and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed*
Field Evaluation of Promising Botanical Extracts, Plant Essential Oils and Differential Chemistry Insecticides against Subterranean Termites Odontotermes obesus (Isoptera: Termitidae)
... botanical extracts (Dodonaea viscosa, Gardenia jasminoides and Nerium indicum), plant essential oils (Allium sativum, Citrus aurantium and Cymbopogon citratus) and differential-chemistry insecticides (chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, emamectin, indoxacarb, pyriproxyfen and triflumuron) against subterranean termites (Odontotermes obesus) attacking sugarcane crop. Setts of sugarcane variety HSF555 were sown on the ridges un...
Muhammad Luqman1*, Roshan Hussain1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Muhammad Umer Mehmood1, Ijaz Asghar2 and Usman Saleem1
Comparative Analysis of Dietary Intake Patterns of Rural and Urban Communities of Southern Punjab, Pakistan
...iew schedule. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences and the following key results were obtained. Most of the respondents from the study were above the 30 years of age (mature), illiteracy was high in rural area and most of the respondents were dependent upon business and farming as their livelihood source. Among rural communities, food group of fats and sugars was much popular and urban community of study area was much inclined towar...
Sajid Ali1, Abdul Basit1,3*, Abdul Mateen Khattak1, Syed Tanveer Shah1, Izhar Ullah2, Noor Alam Khan3, Imran Ahmad1, Kamran Rauf1, Salman Khan1, Irfan Ullah1 and Intizar Ahmad1
Managing the Growth and Flower Production of Zinnia (Zinnia elegans) through Benzyle Amino Purine (BAP) Application and Pinching
...ilarly, pinching of terminal branches increase the cytokinins and decrease auxin concentrations flourishing the axillary buds. A research study on the growth and production of zinnia flowers through application of BAP (25, 50, 75 and 100 mg L-1) and pinching (2, 4 and 6 leaf stages), was carried out at The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan. Research analysis showed that zinnia plants treated with 100mg.L-1 and pin...
Ali Zohaib1*, Habib Ullah2, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum2, Tahira Tabassum2, Muzzammil Hussain1, Mohsin Nawaz3, Ghulam Abbas4 and Sohail Irshad5
Effect of NPK Fertilization Strategies on Growth, Yield, Nutrient Use Efficiency and Economic Benefits of Relay Intercropped Wheat in Cotton
...ield and NUEA. Economic analysis also manifested that the greatest net returns and benefit cost ratio (BCR) were obtained by same NPK application timing (i.e. T4). In conclusion, fertilization timing substantially affected the yield, NUEA and economic benefits of relay intercropped wheat in cotton; and application of ½ N and all PK at sowing and ½ N at tillering was most appropriate option....
Muhammad Saeed Shah1, Fazal Nasir2, Sana Ul Haq1 and Muhammad Tahir Khan2*
...ic network theory and clonal selection theory are applied in multi-robot cooperation. Idiotypic network theory governs the stimulation and suppression of an antibody in response to an antigen. Clonal selection theory represents how immune cells mutate and proliferate into memory cells. The methodology presented in this paper is autonomous and de-centralized. In the proposed system, the robots work effectively to complete a t...
Imran Ahmad Rana*, Muhammad Ali Yab and Ch. Abdul Rehman
Quality Engineering Tools Implementation a Comparison of Indian and Pakistani Business Organizations
...uality engineering and management system elements. Study has yielded key outcomes which highlight that social dimension in use to practice SS in both of countries like behaviors and quality roles were varied. Moreover, results obtained from regression analysis display that there are also differences between the critical success factors (CSFs) of six sigma implementation in Indian and Pakistani organizations. Elements like ma...
Muhammad Shaheen
Mining Patterns from Complex Energy Dataset: A Case Study of Pakistan’s Energy Sector
...s which when stand sustainable guarantees long-life prosperity of a nation include energy sector. The role of energy in social, economic and environmental factors defines its prominence in sustainability. To ensure sustainable energy development the consumption and production patterns may comply with each other and may also comply with the conditions of ...
Muhammad Kashif Khan1*, Muhammad Wasim Jan Khan2, Kaleem Ullah Jan Khan3, Muhammad Ishaq Khan4, Muhammad Faheem Jan Khan5 and Abdul Salam Lodhi6
Impacts of Construction Risk Attributes on Organizational Performance of Registered Construction Companies in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...ng well-organized risk management. Due to the fact that having complex nature and involvement of numerous parties, the chances of being more prone to the unseen risk factors causing extensive delays, over budgeting, and underrated quality are quite recurring. A broad extent of literature is available on risk identification, analysis, and mitigation through various methods and techniques. T...
Mohammad Adil1*, Muhammad A. Khan2, Naveed Ahmed1, Edward Bromhead3, Muhammad A. Arshad1, Muhammad Fahad1, Shahid Ullah1 and Khan Shahzada1
Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Column Staggering in Flat Slabs Systems
... on the basic flat slab analyses and design with the help of finite element software along with manual method of analyses and design called “yield line method” applied to staggered column arrangement. To analyze more patterns in less time, finite element results has been validated with yield line method. Based on the analyses and design resul...
Mehreen Ijaz
Effect of Weave Type on Tensile Strength of Cotton Fabrics
...nique for various functional purposes. Because it plays an important role in determining the performance behavior of finished fabric. Weaving is one of the commonly used technique and different types of weaves have different effects on mechanical and physical properties of fabrics. The study was experimental in nature. It was aimed at investigating the effect of weave type on tensile strength of cotton fabrics manufactured w...
Muhammad Farooq, Shahid Bashir* and Salman Ilahi Siddiqui
Beam Steerable and Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna Array for 5G Mobile Networks
...ency reconfigurable antenna for 5G communication system using three 1×8 element antenna arrays with defected ground structure has been presented. Frequency reconfigurability has been achieved by placing two switches inside an etched slot on patch antenna, which resulted in a matched bandwidth of 5.29 GHz (24.13 to 29.42 GHz). Beam steering has been achieved by placing the proposed an...
Jun Yan Bai1*, Ren Tao Di Wu2, Qiang Zhang2, Di Bao2, Le Ma Dao2 and Xing Hua Tian3
...te markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of Sonid bactrian camels, and the correlation between microsatellite markers and their body size was analyzed to find microsatellite markers associated with the body size traits of Sonid bactrian camels, so as to provide reference for marker-assisted selection of Sonid bactrian camels. The results showed that 64 alleles were detected in 17 microsatellite markers. The aver...
Muhammad Faisal Ayoob1,2, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1, Asghar Ali Kamboh3, Mansoor Ayoob4, Waseem Ali Vistro3 and Abdul Sattar Baloch3*
...in Japanese quails and mynas. Both birds were divided into Q1, Q2, Q3, M1, M2 and M3 group each of four bird. The birds of group Q1, M1 and Q2, M2 were administered with 0.3ml of VVND virus (1.8×109 EID 50)via intramuscular and oral routes, respectively, whereas, birds of group Q3 and M3were kept in contact exposure with VVND virus infected chickens. Clinical signs were observed in Japanese quails and myna
Haseeb Nisar1, Usman Pasha1, Kiran Hanif1, Rizwan Abid1, Rehan Ahmad Khan Sherwani2, Haja N. Kadarmideen3 and Saima Sadaf1*
...on, and in the subgroup analysis of Asian and Caucasian populations. The results showed that in overall population, IL-6 -572 G/C shows a significant association towards increased risk of RA in allelic (OR=0.8130, 95%CI=0.708-0.932, p=0.003), co-dominant and dominant models; same hold true for the Asian population. Stratification by ethnicity revealed that in Asian population also, the ass...
Zhilong Tian1, 2, Yuqin Wang2, Jishun Tang1,3 and Mingxing Chu1*
...ges. Population genetic analysis indicated that SYNE2 gene g.73310578G>A, g.73312791A>G showed moderate polymorphism (0.25<PIC<0.5) in Small Tail Han sheep. Furthermore, g.73310578G>A and g.73312791A>G loci were closely linked in STH (r2 > 0.33). Association analysis results showed that g.73310578G>A and g.73312791A>G SNPs significantly affected litter size (P < 0.05). I...
Q. Sun1, Q. Liu1, R. Di1, Y. Wang1, S. Gan2, S. Liu2, X. Wang1, W. Hu1, X. Cao1, Zh. Pan1, X. Guo1, Y. Yang3, H.E. Rushdi4* and M. Chu1*
...ping method was used to analyze genotypes among Altay sheep (fat-rumped breed) and White Suffolk (thin-tailed breed) by Sequenom MassArray. In the c.1031C>T locus, the frequency of T allele of fat-tail breed was significantly (p<0.001) higher than that of the thin-tailed breed using F test, which suggest that this locus may be associated with fat deposition in fat-tail breed. Gene expression levels in both subcutaneous adipose and tail fat tissues were s...
Sukhpreet Kaur Sidhu*, Gurkirat Singh Sekhon, Randeep Kaur Aulakh and Tejdeep Kaur Kler
...their biodiversity. Four natural ponds and one man-made pond were surveyed at three locations viz. Ludhiana (location I), Ropar (location II) and Ferozpur (location III) falling in three agro climatic zones. A total of 51 bird species belonging to 31 families and 15 orders were recorded from studied locations. A diverse range of vegetation distribution was observed with 12 weed species, 22 tree species and three crops near t...
Saima Yaqub1, Tahir Yaqub1*, Muhammad Zubair Shabbir2, Asif Nadeem3, Aziz-Ul-Rahman1, Muhammad Furqan Shahid1, Zarfishan Tahir4 and Nadia Mukhtar4
... pol gene (1084 bp) and analyzed. Initial screening showed a total of 49 HIV samples positive (24.37%; 95% CI: 18.96-30.76). A substantial association of HIV incidence was observed in individuals with HCV infection (36.84%; 95% CI: 28.55-45.99; p<0.0001) followed by individuals involved in practices of shared injection equipment (21.17%; 95% CI: 25.07-40.21; p<0.0001), injected previously used syringes (30.2%; 95% CI: 23.4-37.99; p=0...
Chaojie Yang1,2,3, Haishan Wang1,2,3, Le Ye1,2,3 and Zhi Chen1,2,3,*
...nesocidae in the East China Sea were old, rough and deficient. Morphometric measurements and meristic counts were taken for all collected Muraenesocidae samples in our present study. Teeth characters that are conclusive for the species were consistent with Muraenesox and were sufficient for separation from other Muraenesocidae species. The morphological results further suggested that only two Muraenesocidae species belonging to Muraenesox inhabit the East Chi<...
Salim Raza1*, Khan Gul Jadoon2, Sajjad Hussain1, Zahid ur Rehman1, Saira Sherin1 and Noor Muhammad1
Mitigation Plan for Identified Problems Faced by the Marble Industry in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
...t of marble including China, Italy, India, Spain, Brazil and US etc., have developed their marble sectors on scientific grounds by applying modern techniques. Pakistan also hosts huge reserves of different qualities of marble but this sector could not developed to the international standards due to a number of difficulties. As a result of these problems, the raw marble excavated from quarr...
Mardan Aghabey Turghan1, Roller MaMing1*, Li Weidong2, Di Jie1 and Xu Guohua1
... basic data for a second nation-wide field survey of wildlife resources of China (2010-2020). The information provided is based on field observations made from 2010 to 2017. A total of 172 bird species belonging to 95 genera of 42 families of 19 orders were identified as occurring in the reserve, accounting for 37.9% of the total bird species in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Among them, 85 species are migrants, 49 speci...
Jiawei Zhang1,2, Thomas Quirke1, Shibao Wu2*, Shaoshan Li2 and Fidelma Butler1
... of the daytime in stationary, terrestrial locomotion, preening and swimming modes of behavior, and swimming activity increased on rainy days. Peak activity took place from 16:00 to 17:00 hours, especially before and after feeding. The behavior of penguins was significantly affected by the number of visitors, and locomotion, preening, feeding and attention to visitors were positively correlated with the number of visitors. There is further interaction with vis...
Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1*, Zulfiqar Ali Abbasi1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Naimatullah Leghari2, Muhammad Ibrahim Keerio3, Ahmed Naqi Shah1, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro4, Nadia Mangrio1 and Shazia Parveen Tunio5
Evaluation of Irrigation Frequencies and Seed Priming with Plant Nutrients on Growth and Yield of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Genotypes
...rients enhances the germination, establishment of seedling, growth and ultimately yield of crop. The experiment was conducted at Students’ Experimental Farm, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam during autumn 2017 and 2018 for two consecutive years. Split plot design was used and the treatments were replicated thrice. The experimental units were consisted of three factors: irrigation frequencies (two, three, four and five); seed priming (no priming, Pr...
Zohaib Ahmad Hassan1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Aftab2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Usman Saleem3, Ayesha Zafar1, Imran Shehzad1, Aneela Riaz4, Khurshid Ahmad Mufti5 and Aamer Sattar2
Toxic Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on Growth and Yield of Rice
...experiment. Statistical analysis of all collected data was accomplished. It was noted from the results that control (T1) proved superior with regard to plant height, fertile tillers/pot, total biomass, straw and paddy yield. All these yield contributing components indicated a declining trend in all subsequent treatment. Treatment T7 (40 SAR) proved inferior to all others in these regards....
Bilal Pervaiz Khan1, Neelam Ara1, Shujaat Ali1,2*, Kamran Khurshid Baigh1 and Abdul Wahab1
Effect of Seed Priming on Radish with Different Nutrients at Various Soaking Durations
...cantly affected the germination and vegetative attributes of radish. The result of experiment showed that the highest germination percentage (86.4 %), percentage of survival (83.6 %), minimum days to emergence (9.1), tallest plant height (41 cm), yield of leaves plant-1 (14.4), leaf area (295.8 cm2), root length (20.6 cm), root weight in g (522.4) root diameter in cm (4.51), and total yield (23.8 tones ha-1) were obtained wh...
Site Selection of Solar Farms Deploying Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (F-AHP) A KPK Based Study
Rehman Akhtar1, Khizar Azam2, Abdur Rehman Babar1, Qazi Salman Khalid1, Rashid Nawaz1 and Imran Ahmad1
...id various location alternatives is a complex multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) problem as numerous conflicting qualitative and quantitative criteria demands to be considered. Based on the literature review the factors selected for the study are Quality of Terrain, Land price, Population, Security, Proximity to Transmission Line, Agricultural Concern and Local Transmission Capacity. One of the most frequently used MCDM methods in literature, the A
Li Yao1,2,3, AnQing Zhang1,2,3, HaiYan Zhang2, Jian Shao1,2,3, Ming Wen2,4, ChangAn Wang5, HaiBo Jiang1,2,3,* and Ming Li6,*
... performance and nutritional composition of rainbow trout (145.56 ± 4.12 g) (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed five different diets, including 0 (EUO-0), 5 (EUO-5), 10(EUO-10), 20 (EUO-20) and 40(EUO-40) g kg-1 EUO bark aqueous extract. The muscle lipid of fish in EUO-40 was significantly higher than that in other groups (p < 0.05), and fish in EUO-0 showed significantly lower muscle crude lipid content than that in EUO-5, EUO-10, and...
Adnan Khan1, Rifat Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2, Muhammad Mobashar3, Ali Gohar4, Shakoor Ahmad1, Kamran Khan5, Hamayun Khan1 and Shabana Naz6*
Yuan Xing, Congming Tan, Yan Luo and Wenjun Liu*
...(10 mg / kg, p.o.). Intranasal OVA has been instilled on the 21 days. Biochemical parameters, spleen weight, physiological parameters, interleukin (IL-1β and IL-6) parameters and immunoglobin-E (IgE) were calculated at the end of the experimental study. To investigate the potential mechanism of action, Paw edema and mast cell de-granulation are estimated. Used to measure immune and inflammatory mediators, qRT-PCR technique. Quercetin significantly (P<0...
Muhammad Riaz1*, Zahida Tasawar1, Muhammad Zaka Ullah2 and Zawar Hussain3
Parasitological and Molecular Survey on Theileriosis of Sheep and Goats and the Related Risk Factors in Musa Pak Shaheed Town, Multan, Pakistan
...nd T. ovis) in small ruminants through PCR and microscopy in Musa Pak Shaheed, Multan district, Pakistan amidst 2013. A total of 200 small ruminants (93 sheep and 107 goats) without any apparent signs of theileriosis were examined to diagnose Theileria piroplasms. During sampling, blood was amassed by puncturing the jugular vein in eppendorf comprising EDTA as anticoagulant coated tubes for the detection of Theileria piropla...
Noor Ayaz1*, Faiza Aman1, Sidra Saleem1*, Maqbool Rehman1 and Muhammad Fahim2
Olive Cuttings as Affected by Different Concentrations of Indole Butyric Acid
...l Research Institute, Tarnab during the growing season 2016. Completely randomized design (CRD) was used with four treatments that were replicated three times. The IBA concentrations used were (T1: control, T2: 1000 mgL-1, T3: 2000 mgL-1, T4: 3000 mgL-1). Data were recorded on days to 50% sprouting, number of sprouts cutting-1, sprouts length cutting-1, number of leaves cutting-1, days to rooting, and survival percentage. Significant differences (P≤0.01) we...
Said Sajjad Ali Shah1*, Muhammad Ilyas Khan1, Aziz Ullah1, Hayat Ullah2 and Faisal Ahmad2
Coprological Examination of Small and Large Ruminants in Central Zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
... especially gastrointestinal parasites are a major constraint for blooming dairy industry of Pakistan, because it limit, the productive performance of animals. Aim of the project was to find out the prevalence of internal parasites in small and large ruminants in central zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For this purpose, a total of 1700 fecal samples were received from central districts and pro...
Zarqa Khalid1*, Muhammad Asad ur Rehman Naseer1, Raza Ullah1 and Shahzad Khan2
Measuring the Global Trade Competitiveness of Pakistan’s Cotton Crop
...tes significantly to the national income of the country. Cotton supplies raw material to the domestic textile industries and is also exported in the raw and processed form to other countries. Pakistan was a net exporter of cotton but now becomes a net importer due to its continuous domestic consumption and stagnant yield. This study aims to assess the trade competitiveness of cotton crop f...
Sanaullah1*, Abdul Basit2 and Inayat Ullah3
Challenges and Prospects of Farm Mechanization in Pakistan: A Case Study of Rural Farmers in District Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
...zation challenges and scenario prevailing in rural area of district Peshawar of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan. This study employed a multi stage sampling technique to gather data on the socio-economic features of the farmers and available machinery. A total of 240 rural farmers were randomly selected from two local union councils of provincial government Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Peshawar. The accumulated data were analys...
Chibuzo Uzoma Izuogu1*, Robert Ugochukwu Onyeneke1, Loveday Chukwudi Njoku1, Gillian Chidozie Azuamairo1 and Mary Chikerenma Atasie2
Repositioning Nigeria’s Agricultural Extension System Towards Building Climate Change Resilience
...by worsening its operational environment. Changes in rainfall pattern have made it cumbersome for effective implementation of extension advice in real time. Training needs of extension workers for climate change resilience among others include the need to bridge digital divide, implementation of strategies for a better interface with development partners and optimization of the use indigenous mitigation strategies for climate change. The review recommends that...
Arnab Tanveer, Shabana Naz*, Azhar Rafique and Asma Ashraf
...and Wildlife Park Bahawalnagar. Freshly dropped fecal sample were collected once before treatment with anthelminthic drug and twice after treatment and brought to laboratory for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Direct smear method and fecal floatation technique was used for isolation and identification of endo-parasites. Modified McMaster technique was used to calculate Eggs per gram. The data was subjected to ANOVA an...
Hongqun Li1*, Xiaoli Liu2*, Zongxian Han1, Shabin Wu1 and Changlei Cao1
... informed conservation management actions. The autumn foraging and day-roosting site selection of the brown-eared pheasant (Crossoptilon mantchuricum) was studied in Huanglong MountainsNature Reserve, Shaanxi Province, China from October to November 2018. Data were collected by examination of fresh sites used by the brown-eared pheasant located on 22 transects across the entire stud...
Ehsan Kashani1, Hamid Reza Rezaei2*, Morteza Naderi3 and Nematolah Khorasani4
...uded in the subfamily Erinaceinae, at least four known species are listed for Iran. Brandt’s (Paraechinus hypomelas) and Long-eared (Hemiechinus auritus) hedgehogs were two candidates in which we tried to investigate their molecular peculiarities in central steppes and deserts of Iran. Mitochondrial evidence indicates rapid population expansion and bottleneck event for both species during the past. Phylog...
Muhammad Shafiq1,2,*,Rajwali Khan1, Ilyas Ali3, Sadeeq Ur Rahman4, Saif Ullah3, Shah Jan Mohammad2, Mohammad Jan2 and Jinhu Huang2
...in cows and calves were analyzed by chemistry analyzer (Procan PS-520). Overall Achai breed of cattle showed highest mean value for pre and postpartum serum immunoglobulin (11.78 ± 0.92 mg/ml, 10.00 ± 1.09 mg/ml) than Jersey breed (9.80 ± 1.30 mg/ml, 7.86 ± 1.01 mg/ml) and HF breed (7.86 ± 1.30 mg/ml, 6.43 ± 0.92mg/ml) respectively. Calf serum IgG was higher (P < 0.05) for ...
Chen Zeng1,2, Baosuo Liu1,4, Kecheng Zhu1,4, Liang Guo1,2, Huayang Guo1,4, Nan Zhang1,4, Quan Yang1,3, Jing Wen Yang1,4 and Dianchang Zhang1,4*
...in the study to fit and analyse the body height, body length, full length and body weight growth curves of the fish at the age of 2-8 months. The results showed that the three nonlinear curves could fit the body height, body length, full length and body weight growth curves of the P. teira well, and the fitting degree was above 0.99. Considering various factors of the models, the Gompertz model had the best fitting degree for body height, body length, f...
Zaka ur Rehman1*, Kashif Akbar1, Altaf ur Rehman1, Hassan Waqas1, Alif Khan1 and Asad Ali2
Development and Storage Stability of Diet Mango Juice
...ure for physicochemical analysis (Total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, pH, percent acidity, and sugar-acid ratio) and organoleptic evaluation (appearance, taste, flavor, overall acceptability) for three months. These were prepared with sweeteners, numbered as (T0) pure mango juice (control sample), (T1) mango juice+2.5g sucralose, (T2) mango juice+2.5g cyclamate, (T3) mango juice+2.5g aspartame, (T4) mango juice+1.25g sucralose + 1.25g cyclamate, (T5) mango ju...
Shawaiz Iqbal1*, Nadeem Iqbal2, Usama Bin Khalid1, Muhammad Usman Saleem1, Adila Iram1, Muhammad Rizwan1, Muhammad Sabar1 and Tahir Hussain Awan1
Growth, Yield and Economic Analysis of Dry-Seeded Basmati Rice
...ishing technique, which enables farmers to harvest economical rice production. Field study was conducted at Rice Research Institute, Kala Shah Kaku, Pakistan in 2014 and in 2015 to evaluate the different planting methods. Three dry-seeded rice (DSR) planting methods viz. (i) DSR-broadcast, (ii) DSR-drill, (iii) DSR-ridges were compared with the conventional transplanting (TR) method in lines having row to row and plant to pl...
Mehar Ul Nissa Rais1*, Tahmina Mangan1, Jam Ghulam Murtaza Sahito1 and Naeem Ahmed Qureshi2
A Trend Analysis: Forecasting Growth Performance of Production and Export of Chilli in Pakistan
... diseases attack, poor management practices and shortage of high yielding varieties. Sindh is major producer of chilli with 85 percent contribution in chilli production of Pakistan. Sindh and Balochistan provinces depicted a positive growth of 0.016 percent and 0.035 percent, respectively. Growth performance of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces portrayed negative growth rate -0.044 percent and -0.006 percent, respectively. Forecasting model indicates R2 ...
Ambreen Akhtar Saddozai1, Amer Mumtaz2, Naseem Rauf1, Saeeda Raza2, Nouman Rashid Siddiqui2, Muhammad Naeem Safdar2, Sahar Shibli2, Muhammad Suhail Ibrahim3*, Muhammad Akhtar4 and Muhammad Saad Rehan5
Preparation and Quality Evaluation of Soymilk Carrot Blend
...period the samples were analyzed for different chemical parameters total soluble solids, pH, total carotenoids, protein contents and antimicrobial analysis. On the basis of quality attributes it was observed that plain and carrot supplemented soymilks remained acceptable up to 7 days at refrigerated temperature. Plain soymilk had lower TPC at both temperatures than carrot supplemented milk. pH, TSS, carotenoids and protein c...
Muhammad Tariq Mahmood1*, Muhammad Akhtar2, Mushtaq Ahmad1, Muhammad Saleem2, Ali Aziz2, Irfan Rasool2, Zeshan Ali3 and Muhammad Amin2
An Update on Biology, Extent of Damage and Effective Management Strategies of Chickpea Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera)
...vity across the world. Management of H. armigera is of prime importance to achieve sustainable chickpea yields. Its life cycle passes through egg, larvae, pupae and adult stages in about 4-5 weeks. 1st to 3rd instar larvae generally feed on leaves, twigs and flowers. In later stages larger larvae (4th to 6th instar caterpillars) shift to developing pods by making holes/bores and consume entire developing seeds. Pod borers ca...
Hafiz Muhammad Wasim1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Aftab2, Sher Muhammad3, Usman Saleem4, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Ayesha Zafar1, Imran Shehzad1, Aneela Riaz5 and Aamer Sattar2
Impact of NaCl Toxicity on Yield and Yield Components of Rice (Oryza sativa) Grown in Aridisol
...ied out and statistical analysis was performed. It was observed from the results that addition of NaCl proved toxic for growth and yield of rice plants as well as associated parameters such as plant height, number of productive tillers, total biomass, straw and grain yields were negatively influenced by the increasing levels of sodium chloride when compared with control treatment. Injurious impact of NaCl was more pronounced as the concentration of salt increa...
Zaheer Ahmed Deho*, Saifullah Abro and Muhammad Rizwan
Assessment of Stability for Seed Cotton Yield of Cotton Genotypes Across Different Environmental Conditions of Sindh Province
... location and stability analysis (genotype x environment interaction) was performed. The pooled analysis of variance for seed cotton yield, showed highly significant (P< 0.05) differences for varieties, locations and varieties × location interaction. The analysis depicted the significance of both the linear and non-linear components which showed the presence of individually expect...
Muhammad Rizwan1*, Jehanzeb Farooq1, Muhammad Farooq1,2, Aqeel Sarwar4, Abid Ali3, Farrukh Ilahi1, Muhammad Asif1 and Ghulam Sarwar1
Quantitative Studies in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) using Multivariate Techniques
...t-align: justify;">Sustainable production of cotton be contingent upon development of genotypes having better yield, tolerance with respect to abiotic and biotic stresses and enhanced fiber quality. Forty five elite lines of cotton were used to evaluate the genetic variability for fifteen parameters viz., plant height (cms), days taken in 50% flowering, monopodia plant-1, sympodia plant-1, boll weight (g), No. of bolls plant-1, ginning out turn (%), lint index...
Fangqing Liu1, Jared Atlas2, Chaohao Du1, Anoop Das3 and Longying Wen1*
...s across mainland China in response to environmental factors. We collected 399 pheasant and divided them into two groups: high altitude (>1500m) and low altitude (<1500m). The results that all morphological size measures of males were significantly higher than those of females (P<0.05). Most measures of size at low altitude significantly greater than those at high altitudes, including body weight, body length, and wing length for males (...
Abid Mahmood Alvi1*, Naeem Iqbal1,2, Javid Iqbal3, Kazam Ali4, Muhammad Shahid1, Waqar Jaleel5,6,7, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan8 and Tiyyabah Khan8
Ahmad Sadiq1, Muzafar Shah2*, Habib Ullah1, Irfan Ali1, Amir Alam3,
Navid Jalil1 and Muhammad Khan3
...r control. Gender-based analysis has shown that HbA1c, RBS, DBP and SBP in male patients have significantly higher (p<0.05) than female. But in female patients the TC, TG and BMI are insignificantly higher (p<0.05) compared to male. High density lipoprotein (HDL) was found same in both male and female. Moreover, patients with HbA1c > 7 have 26.66% stroke, 4.44% angina, 2.22% ischemic heart disease and 27.77% mi...
Wentao Wang1,2, Xu Lin3, Jianshu Zhuo3, Dongjie Zhang2, Xiuqin Yang3* and Di Liu1, 2*
...nd identified seven alternatively spliced transcripts in pigs using molecular biology technique for the first time. The CDS of the canonical transcripts (named V1) of porcine E2F3b is 1023 bp in length, and showed 93.35% and 90.62% identities with the homologues from human and mouse, respectively. The splicing variants were produced by exon skipping, alternative 5’ and 3’ splic...
Nadia Islam1, Khalil Ahmed1,*, Maisoor Ahmed Nafees1, Mujtaba Khalil2, Ishtiaq Hussain3, Muhammad Ali1 and Raja Imran1
...ples were collected and analyzed by membrane filtration method. At Misto uch, the mean temperature was 9.7°C and 15.4°C, turbidity was 0.44 NTU and 0.67 NTU, electric conductivity was 147.4 µS/cm and 226.7 µS/cm, total dissolved solids was 99 mg/l and 118 mg/l, pH was 6.8 and 6.8 and total phosphorus was 48.3 µgP/L and 64.3 µgP/L in both the seasons. Whereas Bar spring the mean values in both the seasons were 10.8o
Zhen-Yang Wu1, Li Li1, Yu-Hua Fu2, Sheng Wang3, Qing-Ming An1, Xiao-Hui Tang4, Xiao-Yong Du3,5,* and Fei Zhou6,*
...betan sheep is one of China’s three coarse-wool sheep, the wool is mainly used for the production of Tibetan carpets and its coat color as one of important economic traits which can affect wool price directly. In this study, to investigate the functional roles of genes in Tibetan sheep skin with different coat colors, we sequenced genes from six skin samples using Solexa sequencing. The R
Minghao Gong1*, Shiliang Pang2, Zhongyan Gao2, Wanyu Wen1, Ling Zhang3, Gang Liu1, Huixin Li1, Fawen Qian4 and Wenfeng Wang2
...en Plain in northeast China, we used four General Circulation Models in Maxent modeling to project changes, including suitability and fragmentation, in RCC breeding habitat up to the year 2050. Based on climate change, we predicted a decline in 2050 of suitable and sub-suitable habitat from the current 26.2% to 14.3%-19.7% in the study area, but an even larger loss (from 71.3% to 27.3%-32%) of suitable habitat in Zhalong Reserve. The predictions also showed a ...
Ayesha Alam1,* and Labeeb Ali2
...d conjunctivitis. Additionally, traces of COVID-19 were also found in sewage water sources in some countries like Italy bringing attention towards analysis of sewage water. Based on information from cited literature it is estimated that an individual handling sewage water have approximately 1% chance of becoming infected with virus. Treated sewage effluent and reuse of sewage water for recycle purposes must be considered as ...
Muhammad Shahbaz1,*, Nosheen Farooq1, Abu ul Hassan Faiz1, Arshad Javid2, Irfan Baboo3, Misbah Shoukat1 and Muhammad Aslam Khan4
...two subfamilies, Anophilinae and Culicinae. Eleven species were identified as Anopheles barianensis (sub-familyAnophilinae), Culex barraudi, Cx. epidesmus, Cx. fuscocephala, Cx. pipirms fatigans, Cx. pipiens pipiens, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. vishnui, Aedes aegypti, Ae. micropterus and Armigeres subalbatus (subfamily culicinae). The mos...
Jun Yan Bai*, Zhi Hao Dong, Hui Rong Gong, Xiao Ning Lu and Zi Heng Li
...its of laying quail was analyzed. The results show that, Exon 4 of ESR1 gene among Beijing white quail, the pectora weight and pectoral muscle rate of CC genotype was significantly higher than that of CT and TT genotype(P<0.05). Among Korean quail, the body weight and carcass weight of CC genotype were significantly higher than that of CT and TT genotype(P<0.05). It was found that exon 4 of ESR1 gene was significantly associated with body w...
Shikang Deng1,2, Yan Jin2, Jing Xu2, Xiufang Zhu2, Pinghai Hu2, Jiao Li2, Li Zhang2 and Jianzhong Tang2,*
...licated by incision and anastomosis in miniature pigs and bile duct scar fibroblasts were obtained. After cell identification, the bile duct scar fibroblasts were given different concentrations of 5-FU (0, 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 mmol/L). After 48 h of intervention, CCK-8 method was used to detect the cell proliferation level of each group; Western blot was used to detect the expression of TGF-β1, cyclinD1, and CDK4 protein in each group of cells; and real-t...
Somia Shehzadi1, Sana Javaid Awan2, Maryam Javed1*, Asif Nadeem1 and Tahir Yaqub3
...n availability, its alternatives are needed. This study proposed autologous equine serum (AES) and adult bovine serum (ABS) to be evaluated as alternative to FBS. ATFs were cultured in DMEM-HG and supplemented with 10% FBS, 10% AES and 10% ABS. At passage 4, each group showed same morphology and appearance, there was also no significant difference between any groups, when viability was compared by using Trypan blue staining....
Muhammad Shoaib1, Imran Rashid1*, Haroon Akbar1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh2, Shahid Hussain Farooqi3, Muhammad Asif3, Mumtaz Ali Khan4, Shakeel Mahmood5 and Farhan Anwar Khan6
...tion revealed that, external genitalia was the most favorite site for tick infestation (73.73%) followed by inner thighs (65%), dewlap (62.21%), neck and back (56.68%), tail (34.56%), around eyes (16.13%), legs (13.36%), ears (11.06%), and flank region (5.76%). This study concludes that Rhipicephalus is the most prevalent tick genus of the study districts. Furthermore, crossbred cattle, young and male animals are at higher risk to tick infestation. The ...
Maria Syafiqah Ghazali1, Azlan Che’ Amat2 and Nor Azlina Abdul Aziz1*
...e="font-size: small;">In nature, wild animals live in an enormous space and usually have very low genetic resistance against parasitic infection mainly due to low exposure towards the parasites themselves. However, when herds of these wild animals are kept in captivity, or in zoological gardens, parasitic infections might be worse and pose a serious threat to endangered species. The present study was conducted to observe the occurrence of gastrointesti
Hannan Nasib Hamid1,*, Muhammad Rais1, Muhammad Arif2 and Rubina Noor2
... study reports herpetofauna of Sheikh Buddin National Park for the first time which could be used as a baseline. The national park features arid climate and two main vegetation types: tropical thorn forest and sub-tropical broad-leaved ever green forest. The data were gathered from July, 2017 to August, 2018, from major habitat types of the
Jun Yan Bai*, Kun Peng Shi, Xiao Ning Lu, Xiao Hong Wu, Xue Yan Fu, Heng Cao, Hong Deng Fan, Meng Ke Chen and Yong Kang Ma
...rformance of quail were analyzed. Results demonstrated that: In meat quail, three genotypes (AA, BB and AB) were detected at locus A in the control region of MyoG 5’. For locus A, BB frequency of French giant quail and Savimit quail was the highest (0.531 and 0.750). For locus B, three genotypes (AA, AB and BB) were detected in Savimit quail, but only AA was detected in French giant quail. The BB frequency of Savimit quail was the highest, reachin...
Rabia Riaz1, Khushi Muhammad1*, Masood Rabbani1, Muhammad Amjad Iqbal2, Aamir Riaz Khan2, Sadia Sarfaraz1, Mudassar Naseer3 and Khalid Majeed1
...cant contribution to the national GDP (1.3%). Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) causes avian mycoplasmosis and is only controlled through mass vaccination. Antibody response of birds to inactivated MG vaccine is poor. On 7th day of age (broilers: n=40) each bird of group A, B, C and D (n=8) was vaccinated (subcutane...
Qianbao Wang, Zhengyang Huang, Shoufeng Li, Huayun Huang, Chunmiao Li and Zhenhua Zhao*
...eeder males from 20 maternal families were averagely distributed into three groups received treatments of 135.5, 125.5 and 115.5 g/d diet respectively with ME 2770 kcal/kg and CP 15.4% from 23 wk of age. Fertility trials were conducted in another three groups of F line hens with 20 hens in each group. A significantly positive interaction between dietary quantity and semen volume was observed (p<0.05) which showed that males fed with 135.5 g/d diet produced ...
Aamer Sharif1,*, Muftooh Ur Rehman Siddiqi1 and Riaz Muhammad2
...o be one of the most dominant sources of energy for its low cost, user- friendly, reliable and clean generation of electricity. Gravitational water vortex power plant is certainly one of such low head hydro turbines in which the potential energy of free surface flowing water is converted into kinetic energy through vortex turbine that tangentially passing the water into the basin, which forms a powerful water vortex. This st...
Gulzar Ahmad*, Muhammad Bilal Khan, Junaid Bahadar Khan and Faheem Ali
...he microstrip patch antennas offered in this research exposure was designed and simulated on three different substrate materials to investigate its performance for its employment in future higher frequencies wireless applications in general and 5G cellular applications in particular. In the past, researchers employed different dielectric substrates to analyze microstrip patch antenna in lo...
Oluwatobi Emmanuel Olaniyi1,2*, Chukwudiemeka Onwuka Martins2, Mohamed Zakaria2
...mates of site occupancy, naïve occupancy and detection probability by PPI and AP. The findings implied that PW is more abundant in PPI and AP as compared to PIW. Also, it ascertained that the homogenous sites due to proximity (10km) with different wetland types (natural and artificial) could convey varied population estimates and site occupancy of the two species.
Sana Mehmood1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Muhammad Summer1, Sher Muhammad Sherawat2, Shaukat Ali1*, Sajida Naseem3
...as confirmed by barcode analysis of tissue samples. A standard barcode sequence of COI (Cytochrome c Oxidase I) was recovered from 90 specimens of spiders. Percentage accuracy of morphological identification was 92.10%. Four morphologically misidentified spiders were allotted to correct taxon after molecular identification. To describe the species diversity and richness in numerical structure, diversity indices (Shannon’s and Simpson’s) and evennes...
Muhammad Shahid1*, Unsar Naeem-Ullah1, Waheed S. Khan2, Shafqat Saeed1 and Kashif Razzaq3
Application of Nanotechnology for Insect Pests Management: A Review
...ext-align: justify;">The nature acts like a large ‘‘bio-laboratory” comprising of plants, algae, fungi, yeast, etc. which are consists of wide array of biomolecules. There is various size and shapes of nanoparticles to be synthesized by using the naturally occurring biomolecules. These biomolecules acting as a driving force for the designing of greener, safe and environme...
Inam Ullah1,2, WU Qing-Ming1*, Ruqia Bibi2 and Najam Un Nisa2
Comparison of Nesting Site Preferences and Breeding Ecology of Red-Vented Bulbul, Baya Weaver, and Grey Bush Chat in Sheikh Badin National Park Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
...sed for nesting by avifauna species of Sheikh Badin National Park. The current study was conducted at Sheikh Badin National Park from October 2018 to September 2019 . Most birds’ breeding was observed from May to August. The dominant tree and shrub species include Ziziphus jujuba, Ziziphus mauritiana,...
Rahat Afza, Muhammad Asam Riaz*, Muhammad Afzal and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed
Adverse Effect of Sublethal Concentrations of Insecticides on the Biological Parameters and Functional Response of Predatory Beetle Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of Brassica Aphid
...rly the effectiveness of natural insect pest predators. Herein, the effect of insecticides at their sublethal concentrations was assessed on the biological parameters and functional response of Coccinella septempunctata. All insecticides significantly reduced the fecundity, TPOP (total pre-oviposition period), larval weight and increased the life span of C. septempunctata relative to control. Thiamethoxam and lambda-cyhaloth...
Sabina Noor1*, Fatimah Abang1 and Hamady Dieng2
Biology of an Exotic Butterfly Acraea terpsicore (Linnaeus, 1758) (Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae), in a Newly Invaded Region, Sarawak, Borneo
...of Acraea terpsicore (Linnaeus 1758) (tawny coster) relative to habitat types, phenotype, and gender in Sarawak, Borneo. The nymphalid butterfly tawny coster is widely distributed throughout the Indian and Sri Lankan region and has expanded its distribution range southward through Southeast Asia and Australia. Currently establishing its population in Kalimantan, it was firstly detected in Sarawak in 2013. Comparative observations on the life-cycle were conduct...
Shishir Sharma* and Laxmi Prasad Joshi
Current Insights on Stemphylium Blight of Lentil with its Management Strategies
...the major lentil-growing nations. It induces partial to complete foliar damage and results in about 3/5th to full failure of the lentil yield. The molecular study for the recognition and delineation of species is inevitable as high complexity is seen due to environmental concerns and contrasting morphological characteristics among species. The frequency and intensity of this disease depends on environmental and climatic factors that are mainly favored by high ...
Eslam Moradi-Asl1*, Behnam Mohammadi Ghalehbin2, Kamran Akbarzadeh3, Jafar Mohammad-Shahi4, Hajar Afshin4
...agent of Lucilia cuprina, who had a history of diabetes and also blind that reefed to hospital in 13 September and was admitted to date 18 September 2019.Larvea extracted manually from thumb finger of left foot and sent to Medical Entomology Laboratory of the School of Public Health, Ardabil University of medical Sciences for identification. This case is a first time was reported from Ardabil province, northwest of Iran and the Diabetics, Blindness and ...
Luka Anthony*, Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi, Elizabeth Samuel Ebukiba and Vandi Gamba
... well-structured questionnaire. The questionnaires were administered to two hundred and seven (207) small-holder rural rice farming households. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted. Data were analyzed using Multinomial Logit Model, Gini-Coefficient, Double-Log Regression Model, (Cobb-Douglas) and Principal Component Analysis. The results of the Mul...
Alam Zeb* and Amanullah Jan
... modern techniques and management practices in oil seed crops can reduce water shortage risks with optimum yield in oil seed crops. Sesame is being considered the most tolerant crop for avoiding drought conditions with higher yield. Experiments on “response of sesame to sowing methods, nitrogen and sulphur levels” were carried out in Agronomy Research Farms, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar. During two consecutive Kharif growing se...
Vijay Lal and Muhammad Naeem*
... been done on proximate analysis of the fish around the world but very little analysis on marine fish Terapon jarbua have been performed. Therefore, the current analysis was carried out to analyze the proximate composition of T. jarbua. 70 samples of T. jarbua ranging from 18.00-29.90 cm in length and 119.60-429.50 g in body weight w...
Muhammad Riaz Gondal1*, Sultan Ahmad Rizvi1, Aaqib Riaz2, Waqas Naseem1, Ghulam Muhammad1, Mazher Iqbal3, Humara Umer3 and Inam ul Haq3
Apposite Sowing Techniques to Optimize Productivity and Profitability of Berseem
...sting were recorded and analyzed. The results showed that broadcast (BC) sowing gave maximum values of yield attributes and increased fodder yield by 43.78 %, seed yield by 14.18 % and CP yield by 45.14% over control (i.e., row spacing of 30 cm). Economic analysis indicated a maximum benefit-cast ratio of 3.51 under broadcast sowing in standing water as compared to control.
...
Junaid Ahmad1*, Shazma Anwar1, Anwar Ali Shad2, Fazal Yazdan Saleem Marwat3, Hamida Bibi4, Farhan Ahmad1, Wajia Noor5 and Bibi Sadia5
Yield and Nutritional Status of Mungbean as Influenced by Molybdenum and Phosphorus
...r to improve the nutritional profile of mungbean a study was arranged at Agronomy Research Farm, Agriculture University of Peshawar in summer season 2018. The objectives of the study is to find out impact of different doses of molybdenum and phosphorus application on productivity and nutrients status of mungbean (Vigna radiate L.). The trial was laidout in randomized complete block design having three replicates. The experim...
Bina Khanzada1, Arfan Ahmed Gilal1*, Bhai Khan Solangi1 and Imtiaz Ahmed Nizamani2
Effect of Morphological Characters of Indigenous Sugarcane Varieties on Population of Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen) and its parasitoid, Cotesia flavipes (Cameron)
...areas of Pakistan. Among natural enemies, Cotesia flavipes Cameron has been widely used in different regions of the world for its management. Considering the significant role of morphological characters of sugarcane varieties on infestation of C. infuscatellus, thus, on parasitism of C. flavipes, this study was conducted in 2013 and 2014. Ten sugarcane varieties i.e., NIA-98, NIA-2004, Thatta-10, Gulab-95, BL-4, L-116, SPS-2...
Hafiz Muhammad Wasim1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Aftab2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Ayesha Zafar1, Imran Shehzad1, Aneela Riaz3, Abid Niaz2, Khurshid Ahmad Mufti4 and Muhammad Arif2
Deleterious Impact of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Toxicity on Chemical Properties of Soil and Ionic Composition of Rice
...m each pot for chemical analysis (Na and K). Soil samples were also collected from all treatment pots and subjected to laboratory for determination of various chemical properties (pH, EC and SAR). To calculate SAR values of soil, concentration of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ were also determined from all soil samples. It was observed from the results that addition of NaCl proved toxic for different chemical properties of soil as value...
Saba Aleem1*, Mehvish Tahir2, Iram Sharif3, Muqadas Aleem4, Muhammad Najeebullah2, Ali Nawaz1, Amina Batool1, Muhammad Imran Khan1 and Waheed Arshad1
Principal Component and Cluster Analyses as Tools in the Assessment of Genetic Diversity for Late Season Cauliflower Genotypes
...trategies. Multivariate analyses such as cluster and principal component analysis measures the amount of genetic diversity in respect of several charaters and asseses the relative contribution of different traits to the total variation. In the present study, nineteen genotypes were evaluated for presence of genetic diversity through principal component and cluster analyses. The experiment ...
Inam Ul Haq1*, Humara Umar2, Naeem Akhtar3, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal2 and Muhammad Ijaz1
Techniques for Micropropagation of Olive (Olea europaea L.): A Systematic Review
...d worldwide. The traditional propagation techniques of olive are uneconomical with wastage of time while micropropagation of olive may expedite the development of important characteristics like biotic and abiotic resistance with high yield and premium quality olive oil. However, the commercial micropropagation of olive trees is currently not enough because of production cost and globally; it is mostly used for research and development on various aspects of oli...
Hafiz Hammad Ahmad1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1*, Noor-us-Sabah1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Sher Muhammad2, Muhammad Aftab3, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Aneela Riaz4
Growth and Yield Response of Sunflower to Organic Amendments in Aridisol
...sphorus (P) is a limited natural reserve and a major limiting factor for global crop production. The adverse soil biogeochemical characteristics of alkaline-calcareous soils make P the least available macronutrient. Therefore, alternative P source such as rock phosphate (RP) can offer a promising choice for sustainable P supply under P stress environment. A pot research was executed to exp...
Muhammad Umair Hassan1, Muhammad Aamer1, Muhammad Nawaz2, Abdul Rehman3, Talha Aslam3, Ubaid Afzal4, Bilal Ahmad Shahzad3, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub5, Faryal Ahmed1, Ma Qiaoying1, Su Qitao1 and Huang Guoqin1*
Agronomic Bio-Fortification of Wheat to Combat Zinc Deficiency in Developing Countries
... quality. The intake of inadequate foods low in Zn is the major cause of Zn deficiency in humans, especially in developing countries. The deficiency of Zn causes many irregularties in both plants and humans. The Zn deficiency considerably reduced the plant growth, tillers production, chlorophyll synthesis, and crop yield. Moreover, in the case of humans’ Zn deficiency causes blindness, lower intelligence quotient (IQ) levels, weaker immune system, and im...
Hillary M.O. Otieno
A Review of White Mango Scale (Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead; Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in Sub-Saharan Africa: Distribution, Impact and Management Strategies
...are no clear adaptable management practices ready for farmers to implement. This has caused farmers to rely on nature and sometimes adoption of crude and ineffective traditional control methods. Farmers capable of using pesticides apply very toxic products that are not only harmful to the applicators but also to the beneficial organisms. Agronomic manage...
Keke Liu, Yuanhao Ying, Yuxin Xiao, Jing Yan, Mengzhen Zhang and Yonghong Xiao*
...rom Jiangxi Province, China. The new species is diagnosed and illustrated with photographs. A distribution map is also given.
...
Muhammad Umar1, Muhammad Arshad2, Mubashar Hussain1*, Moazama Batool3 and Muhammad Faheem Malik1
...ation estimates of avifauna were carried out. Simultaneously hydrological analysis of surface water of Mangla wetland was also conducted. Bird census was carried out in the months of January and February for both years (2010 and 2011) when a large number of migratory birds visit the Mangla Wetland. The birds were counted by the Point Count Method from a fixed point and for a fixed time period in such a way that the Sun was a...
Xiaopeng Tang1,*, Lei Chen1, Kangning Xiong1, Dun Deng2 and Peng Peng2,*
...he DDGS presents an alternative protein resource to meet ever-increasing demands of feed ingredients in poultry production sectors.
...
Ashara Sajid1, Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Saeed Rauf 2, Zahoor Hussain3, Salman Ahmad1 and Yasir Iftikhar1,*
...seful to formulate the management strategies.
...
Umair Faheem1*, Qaisar Abbas1, Saghir Ahmad2, Ghayour Ahmad2, Abdul Karim2and Mussurat Hussain1
...ulation fluctuation or dynamics of the A. biguttula biguttula. It was found that there is a direct relationship between A. biguttula biguttula population and temperature. While, no significant correlation of A. biguttula biguttula population with the RH except two years (2014 and 2016) where, it has shown positive correlation. RF mostly has significantly positive correlation with A. biguttula biguttula population. During the study d...
Ghulam Sarwar1, Amna Nazir1*, Muhammad Rizwan1, Eram Shahzadi2 and Abid Mahmood3
...rsutum L.) is utmost natural fiber used in textile industry. Awareness about genetic diversity is very essential for fruitful genetic improvement approaches. Correlation, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analyses were performed to estimate genetic diversity in 25 cotton genotypes. Correlation analysis revealed that days to first square,...
Faiza Altaf1, Shamim Gul1,2*, Tasawar Ali Chandio3, Gul Bano Rehman1, Attiq-ur-Rehman Kakar4, Sami Ullah4, Naqeebullah Khan4, Umbreen Shaheen5, Muhammad Naeem Shahwani6, Muhammad Ajmal7 and Misbah Manzoor8
...rious heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils. Due to high adsorption capacity of biochar, its amendment in heavy metal-contaminated soils is known for reducing soil toxicity to crops. This pot-based study investigated influences of wood-derived biochar and farmyard manure-derived (cow dung-derived) biochar as mixtures with air-dried poultry manure on the growth and concentration of heavy metals in edible tissues of ...
Abdul Rauf Bhatti1*, Ahmed Zia1, Falak Naz2, Amjad Usman3, Rukhshanda Saleem4, Ghulam Sarwar5 and Amad Ud Din6
Imran Haider1, Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza1*, Rashid Iqbal1, Salman Ahmad1,2, Muhammad Usman Aslam1, Muhammad Israr3, Umair Riaz4, Maliha Sarfraz5, Nasir Abbas6, Salman Haidar Abbasi7, Zafar Abbas8 and Muhammad Aamer9
...Overcome this, various management practices are used one of them is the use of a growth enhancer. In the present study drought ameliorating effects of amino acid and yeast on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), development and yield were observed. A field experiment was performed at Agronomic Research Area, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur in November 2019. Factorial arrangement in Randomized complete block design (...
Muhammad Muhsin1, Muhammad Nawaz2, Imran Khan1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha3,Sadia Khan4, Muhammad Talha Aslam1, Muhammad Mahmood Iqbal5, Muhammad Zubair Amin6, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub7, Usman Anwar8, Muhammad Umair Hassan1 and Muhammad Umer Chattha1*
...gnificant effect on germination, growth, and yield of wheat crop. The crop sown on 15th December took less time to start emergence (7.8 days) and resulted in maximum plant height (81 cm), grains per spike (44.5), productive tillers (321.5), spike length (10.2 cm), 1000 grain weight (37.2 g), and grain yield (3.83 t ha-1) and maximum time to start emergence (11 days) and minimum plant height (60 cm), grains per spike (35.7), productive til...
Mansoor Qadir1*, Yousaf Khan2, Shahid Khan3, Djamaleddine Djeldjli3 and Muhanned Ismael Ibrahim Al Firas4
...aper aims to design and analyze 2 dimensional OCDMA based coding scheme and corresponding network architecture to support high capacity Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON). The coding scheme is proposed by deploying diagonal eigenvalue unity (DEU) scheme at the frequency domain (X-axis) in combination with double weight zero cross-correlation (DW-ZCC)...
Nasir Rashid1,2*, Javaid Iqbal1,2, Umar Shahbaz Khan1,2, Mohsin Islam Tiwana1,2 and Amir Hamza1,2
...roencephalogram (EEG) signals. These signals are recorded from the surface of the brain called the scalp. The acquired EEG signals are further processed using feature extraction approach and finally classified into movements using classification techniques. This research article mainly focuses on classification of motor movements recorded in the form of ...
Nowsher Yousaf1*, Bushra Khan1, Dennis Flanagan2 and Ishaq Ahmad Mian3
... for new strategies on management of erosion and restoration of ecosystem.
...
Abdul Hafeez1*, Akhtar Nawaz Khan2 and Zahid Ullah3
...y a variety of micro and nanoscale devices and systems. Unfortunately, these biomedical applications suffer from huge amount of data. That is, the data generated by such systems is so large that a typical computer workstation cannot handle it in real-time. Traditional approaches rely on unloading raw data to off line storage and suffer from the trade-off of an insufficiently rigorous sampl...
Tariq Mahmood Khalil1,2*, Muhammad Ajmal3, Iftikhar Zeb1,4 and Muhammad Azeem Khan1,5
...sed on water potential dynamics. Chilled mirror dew point hygrometer accurately captured the water potential dynamics when soil samples were irrigated with saline water. The instrument output showed that soil texture has profound effect on soil total water potential rising the water potential up to −4.56 for coarse soil and −9.11 MPa for fine textured soil. The instrument recorded a slow salt buildup in the coars...
Shahid Hussain Abro1*, Mohammed N. Alghamdi2, Muhammad Sohail Hanif3, Hazim Moria2 andHamza Suharwardi1
...ontinuous heating phenomena performed at lead bath-quenching in which austenitic development morphology investigated. The CHQ steel analyzed in the context of Advanced Optical Microscope of Olympus GX51, SEM and Thin-film X-ray Diffracto-meter, with high-intensity mode have been deployed in order to examine the kinetics behavior of austenitic development at CHQ steel. On several quenching experiments the austenite formed at ...
Abdul Nabi Jatt1,2*
...ion density via small signalling molecules to communicate with each other. The sinking of marine snow aggregates is as an essential process for moving organic carbon source from the up-ward to down-ward in the ocean. Marine snow associated bacterial communities perform a crucial role in organic material degradation by producing extracellular hydrolytic enzymes and are considered as key components in global carbon cycle. The aim of this study was to screen mari...
Jia Shi
...tematic review and meta-analysis, a review of articles evaluating response rate to Peginterferon alfa-2a was done through the databases of Scopus, Google Scholar, Pubmed (inception - 2019). Fourteen studies reporting the response rate of HBeAg negative chronic patients’ response to Peginterferon alfa-2a were included in the study. Cochran test was used to determine the homogeneity of the samples (based on Q test and I
Shuanping Zhao, Lei Xu, Hai Jin and Yutang Jia*
...le development and maintenance through regulating the length of actin filaments. In this study, we aimed to identify common variations in CFL2 gene and investigate their effects on growth traits in Chinese Dabieshan (DBS) cattle. By DNA sequencing and (forced) PCR-RFLP methods, three polymorphisms (g.1500G>A, g.1694T>A and g.2213C>G) were identified and genotyped in our pop...
Ghazanfar Ali and Riffat-un-Nisa Awan*
...ing about and explaining natural phenomenon. However, fostering CT through instruction is still a neglected area in educational institutions. The current study was intended to find out the relationships among critical thinking based instructional practices (CTIPs), critical thinking skills (CTS), critical thinking dispositions (CTD), and academic achievement (AA) of undergraduate students ...
Humza Sami1, Mahnoor Sagheer1, Muhammad Amir Altaf1, Javaid Iqbal2 and Muhammad Zubair1,*
...ges. An UWB Vivaldi antenna is used in the bandwidth of 2-6 GHz to detect and localize the small tumors. The prototype hardware setup uses two Vivaldi antennas, one as transmitter and other as receiver for scanning. The distance between phantom and antennas is kept almost 20 cm. The scattered signals from the high contrast objects emulating the tumor cha...
Faiz Muhammad Khand1,Allah Bux Kachiwal2, Zubair Ahmed Laghari2, Shakeel Ahmed Lakho1, Pershotam Khattri2, Saeed Ahmed Soomro2, Nazar Ali Korejo2 and Ambreen Leghari1*
... was to estimate gestational age of teddy goat by B-mode ultrasound measurement of embryonic or fetal parts and uterine diameter throughout pregnancy by transrectal approach. Three parameters crown rump length (CRL), trunk diameter (TD), and uterine diameter(UD)were selected for measurement of gestational age with the weekly interval from 3rd week to 15 weeks of gestation...
Huan Yang1, Tingting Li1, Huimin Zhao1,2, Xiaoyuan Zhang1, Huiyan Xu1, Yangqing Lu1, Xingwei Liang1, Shengsheng Lu1, Xiaogan Yang1*and Kehuan Lu1*
...ment, culture and preliminary identification were established. Testes from 3- to 6-month-old buffalos were digested with two-step enzymatic treatment to obtain isolated single cells and then enriched with a differential plating method. Isolated SSCs were cultured on STO feeder cells with SSCs culture medium (SSCM), which is serum-free. SSCs began to proliferate on the second day and quickly formed grape-like clusters that were consistent with the morphological...
Ming-Yue Zhang*, Bo Yuan, Xiao-Hui Zhang, James Ayalaand Rong Hou*
...t pandas appear close to nature. To understand the effect of Pinus koraiensis bark substrate on the behavioural responses of captive giant pandas, we selected 6 adult female giant pandas and 6 juvenile giant pandas from Chengdu Giant Panda Breeding Research Base, and performed a one-month behavioral study during the non-mating season, focusing on observing the performances of stereotypes and behavioral diversity. The results showed that both adult and j...
Faheem Ahmed Khan1*, Sarzamin Khan2, Qurat-ul-Ain3, Saqib Ishaq1, Muhammad Salman1, Abdul Rehman1, Ikram Ullah4, Kalsoom5 and Johar Jamil5
...ecessary to explore alternate methods for production of non-conventional proteins utilizing the available cheap sources. The indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated from different fruit samples, identified by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and were characterized for production of single cell microbial protein (SCMP). Out of 60 different fruit samples, a total...
Amjad Ali, Kafeel Ahmad*and Shaista Rahat
...size: small;">Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and the leading cause of nosocomial infection worldwide. This bacterium produces enzymes known as extended spectrum β-lactamases which render broad spectrum cephalosporins and penicillins inactive. This study reports antibiotic susceptibility pattern, multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index and prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamases a...
Małgorzata Dzierzęcka1, Sławomir Paśko2, Marcin Komosa3, Karolina Barszcz1, Bartłomiej Jan Bartyzel1 and Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska4*
...ize: small;">This study analyzed the impact of horse age and body weight on the angle between the parietal surface of the coffin bone and the ground. A precise description of the plantar margin and the inclination of the parietal surface of the bone may contribute to a better understanding of the biomechanics and strength of the hoof, in particular in horses with higher body weights. The study material included coffin bones ...
Qin Liu1,2, Bin Wang1,3, Yu Xu1,4, Xiuyue Zhang1, Tao Zeng1* and Jianghong Ran1*
...rd endemic to western China. Previous studies suggested that it had the behavior of facultative cooperative breeding, which was rarely reported in Galliformes. In this study, we isolated 17 tetra-nucleotide microsatellite loci to test parentage and kinship for a wild population with 29 individuals from 10 different families (A-J). The 17 loci with the mean polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.566 and the combined probability of exclusion for the second p...
Abdul Waheed Solangi, Lei Zhang, Yunxia Cheng and Xingfu Jiang*
...ly resource-related maternal effects through differential egg provisioning; we investigated impact of flight on female egg production and longevity in the oriental armyworm Mythimna separata (Walker) and whether this contributed to making difference in considered suite of life-history traits on progeny growth i.e. developmental time, larval and pupal mass. We found that forced flight females had early oviposition with...
Muhammad Umar1, Mubashar Hussain1*, Muhammad Faheem Malik1, Muhammad Naeem Awan2 and David C. Lee3
... assessment of the avifauna of Deva Vatala National Park (DVNP), Bhimber, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan was conducted from June 2017 to May 2018. Data were collected along one km line transects at three sites within the National Park: Barmala, Deva and Vatala. In total, 52 species were recorded, which included the globally threatened sociable lapwing. The most abundant species were asia...
Muhammad Ayub1*, Munir Hussain2, Sher Ahmad2, Syed Arif Hussain Rizvi3, Shahid Hussain1, Muhammad Qasim2, Muhammad Din2, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi4 and Tajudin2
...o develop eco-friendly management of white grub. Fermented extracts of four herbs Sophora alopecuroides, Artemisia sieversiana, Peganum harmalla and Tagetes minuta were evaluated against white grub under field conditions for two consecutive growing seasons during 2018 and 2019. The minimum per cent infestation, number of white grubs per plot, yield loss and maximum tuber yield was recorded in plots treat...
Muhammad Hamayoon Khan*, Niaz Hussain Khuhro, Muhammad Awais, Muhammad Usman Asif and Raza Muhammad
...species, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) and B. dorsalis (Hendel) cause severe qualitative and quantitative damages to various fruits. The present study was executed to record the population dynamics of these fruit fly species in guava and mango orchards with respect to meteorological factors using methyl eugenol-baited traps. The results revealed that population of both the species highly fluctuated round the yea...
Malik Muhammad Yousaf1*, Muhammad Mohsin Raza1*, Mumtaz Hussain1, Jahangir Shah1, Rao Wali Muhammad1, Sami Ullah2,3, Hera Gul4, Ijaz Ahmad5 and Muhammad Zeshan6
...oneer study on seed germination response to various agro-climatic factors was conducted at the Arid Zone Research Institute Bahawalpur. Healthy jojoba seeds were sown at the fortnightly intervals by dividing the whole year into 16 treatments to identify the optimum sowing time for the Cholistan desert of Bahawalpur. The results revealed that maximum germination rate of 85.63%, 85.93%, and 82.83% were found in treatment 16
Mashal Malik and Mudassar Nawaz Khan*
...mal;">Soybean is nutritionally rich source of proteins and fats. It is grown in many countries of world including US, China, Brazil and India. Pakistan grows soybean on a very limited land owing to lack of farmers interest and government attention. Soybean lines; B24G14, B23G5, B20G16, B21G2, B21G9, B6G23, B23G16 and B29G11 were grown for one month and ana<...
Arsalan Khan1, Aminullah Khan2, Dil Fayaz Khan2, Sajid Khan1, Anjum1, Waqar Ali3, Habib Akbar1 and Ahmad Khan1*
...w tillage (ST), Conventional tillage (CT) and Deep tillage (DT) and eight nitrogen treatments (Control, 100% Urea, 100% FYM, 100% PM, 50% Urea/FYM, 50% Urea/PM, 50% FYM/PM and 33.33% each PM/FYM/Urea). These ratios provided a total of 120 kg N ha-1. The wheat cv. Pakhtunkhwa-2015 was sown with seed of 120 kg ha-1. The CT resulted in early phenology (days to emergence (11.5 days), booting (105 days), anthesis (116 days), and physiological ...
Muhammad Zubair1, Habib Ahmad2*, Brian E. Hemphill3, Muhammad Tariq4 and Muzafar Shah5
...yle="font-size: small;">Analyzing the diversity of non metric phenotypic traits of the mature teeth, in three ethnic groups’ viz. Daudzai, Khalil and Mohmand of Peshawar districts, of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (KP) of Pakistan. Dental casts obtained from both mandible and maxilla of 375 volunteers in which 75 male and 50 females of all the tribes. The dental casts for each individual were analyzed for a set of 35...
Naveed Akhtar1*, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1*, Sadia Tabassum1,
Munawar Saleem Ahmad2 and Khan Dil Badshah3
Wenyou Huang1, Dan Yü1, Song Huang1,2, Jian Xiao2, Ping Qi2, Anhua Song2* and Zhen Huang1*
...ulence. One mutant, designated, MlUV-40b showed ＃3.3-fold increase in virulence as compared to the wild type parent, with an LC50 = 0.3 ×105 conidia/ml versus 1.1 × 105 conidia/ml, respectively and LT50 = 92 and 123.0 h for the MlUV-40b and wild type, respectively. The MlUV-40b ...
Wali Muhammad1*, Humayun Javed1, Munir Ahmad1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
...borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee) causes severe crop yield losses. Utilization of the ecological approach through different sowing times might provide its long-term control and safety to the environment. In the present study, effect of four sowing dates was evaluated on the infestation of L. orbonalis on brinjal at two locations in the Pothwar region of Pakistan. The study revealed that sowing dates influence...
Syahruddin Said1*, Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra1 and Dani Nur Arifin2
...his study. The PCR-RFLP analysed three genotypes of CC (0.11), CT (0.57) and TT (0.32) were detected in the Pasundan bLHR/HhaI gene with T allele as the dominant allele (0.61). Observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity had similar values of 0.48. The polymorphic informative content (PIC) was 0.37 and was of moderate category (0.25<PIC<...
Ye Ge1, Chunmiao Zhao1, Weitian Xie2, Ying Liu2,* and Chunhou Xu1,*
... study, to obtain functional bacteria with lactic acid and lactobacilli and simultaneously producing spores and digestive enzymes, we produced the protoplast as the parent strain of B. subtilis and Rhamnose lactobacillus and analyzed the production rate of spores, the ability to resist high temperature and hereditary stability. The results showed that RH-3 was a perfect protoplast from which 48 strains were obt...
Muhammad Younis1, Muhammad Irfan-ur-Rehman Khan1*, Mustansar Abbas1, Ali Murtaza1, Imran Mohsin2, Muhammad Shahzad3 and Muhammad Zahid Tahir1
...nd are mono-ovulatory in nature.
...
Muneer Abbas1*, Dilbar Hussain2, Muhammad Saleem2, Abdul Ghaffar2, Sohail Abbas3, Niaz Hussain1 and Abdul Ghaffar1
...uit fly, Bactrocera zonata and Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) has endangered the trade of Pakistani fruits in foreign markets. Use of IPM is best way to control fruit fly by avoiding harmful insecticidal spray application in order to save natural enemies and environment. Experiment was conducted in three guava, citrus and mango producing districts of Punjab i.e. Faisalabad, Sargodha, Toba Tek...
Kamal Al-Samawi1, Mohamed Al-Hassan2, Hussein Migdadi3,4*, Megahed Ammar5 and Salem Alghamdi3
...n early detection of pregnancy in Aardi goats compared to progesterone and ultrasound (US) were evaluated. Female goats were synchronized using the ovsynch protocol level in combination with natural mating (NM). Blood samples were collected at 1, 7, 15, 23, 35, and 60 days post NM. Levels of ISG15 and ISG17 mRNA<...
Ijaz Haider1*, Muhammad Akhtar1, Ali Noman2 and Muhammad Qasim3
...ve species of rice pests namely white stem borer Scirpophaga innotata (Walker), yellow stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker), rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), whitebacked planthopper Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) (Homoptera: Delphacidae), and pink stem borer Sesamia inferens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: No...
Guofang Wu1,2, Xingxing Xue1, Wenjuan Shen1, Lei Wang1,2*, Yuhong Ma1 and Jiping Zhou1
...tes. Based on our preliminary sequencing data, the present study describes the use of time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) to identify the locations of four new microsatellites in Qinghai Bamei pig (n=256), an indigenous breed of Chinese pig. TOF-MS demonstrated that the L1-(GT)n locus had three alleles: 152 bp, 164 bp, and 166 bp. The three other loci, L2-(AC)n, L3-(TC)n, and L4-(TGA)n, all had two alleles. Ali...
Muhammad Tahir Waseem1, Abdul Majid Khan1*, Abdul Ghaffar2, Ayesha Iqbal1 and Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,3
...by using stable isotope analyses of carbon and oxygen of tooth enamel carbonate. A gradual increase in hypsodonty and complexity in plications indicate the drier environments with hard and tough food available during the late Miocene. The late Miocene hipparionines were expected to have inhabited a mosaic of woodland and grassland with predominant C...
Ying Liu1, Shankun Liu1, Hui Wang2 and Weihua Su2,*
...nt-size: small;">Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an atypical condition of pregnancy outcome that affect the maternity and infant. Pregnant women are a high risk to develop the GDM suffering from the diabetes, it showed the effect on the development and growth of the fetus. During the GDM increase the incidence of oxidative stress. Caffeic acid is a powerful free radical scavenger an...
Muhammad Naeem1,2, Nasir Rajput1,2, Sher Ali3, Asmatullah Kaka2, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro2, Mehvish Rajput2 and Tian Wang1,*
... TRS-II, while the propionate and total VFA were higher in AH but similar in CWR and treated rice straw. The in vitro degradibility of DM, OM and NDF were significantly higher for AH and TRS-II while, ADF was higher for AH. Steam treated straws showed increased (P>0.05) pH and NH3-N (P<0.05), while total gas production was higher in AH and TRS-II than other groups. These findings suggest that steam treated straw had better nutrients val...
Saleem Maseeh Bhatti1*, Aslam Khan Gadehi1, Inayatullah Rajpar1, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro2, Mukesh Kumar Soothar1 and Zohaib Ur Rehman Bughio1
...ntify the response of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) genotypes (English and Sindhi) against a range of NaCl salt-waters (EC 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 dS m-1) and canal water (EC 0.3 dS m-1). Spinach plants were irrigated with defined EC levels at 80% field capacity of a clay loam, non-saline soil. Results indicated that th...
Muhammad Jahanzaib1*, Nazakat Nawaz1, Muhammad Arshad1, Haris Khurshid1, Muzamil Hussain2 and Shahid Ali Khan1
...n, and path coefficient analysis in eleven groundnut advanced breeding lines together with check vis BARD-479, using randomized complete block design with three replications at National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan. Through One-Way Analysis of variance significant discrepancies were found among the genotypes for most of the traits. In this study 100 kernels weig...
Muhammad Bilal Anwar1, Mirza Azhar Beg1, Amjad Rashid Kayani1, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1*, Syed Israr Shah1, Sajida Noureen2,
Muhammad Mushtaq1 and Tariq Mahmood3
...se crepuscular and nocturnal owls are the least studied group of birds in northern regions. In this study, we compared seasonal differences in the diet of three owl species in an uncultivated area with rapid urbanization all around to better understand their ecological significance. Regurgitated pellets of three owl species (n = 434) were collected seasonally from the study area. Th...
Eman A. Al-Shahari1,2, Abdelhalim A. Alkhazendar3, Eman R. ElBealy4 and Abeer A. Alm-Eldeen3*
...size: small;">Aging is a natural process that affects testicular functions via increasing the oxidative stress. Quercetin, a polyphenolic, that has antioxidant activity. Therefore, this study was performed to examine the possible role of quercetin in modulating aging-induced testicular damage. Samples from 30-months old rats’ testis were examined before and after 200 mg of quercetin/Kg administration. Before quercetin administration, they showed an incre...
Baochao Liao1,2, Xiujuan Shan2,3* and Yunlong Chen2,3
...le="font-size: small;">Dynamic energy budget (DEB; also known as Kooijman–Metz DEB) theory is a well-tested framework for modelling energy acquisition, and for describing vital rates at which organisms acquire and use energy, such as for growth and reproduction. The coupling of a DEB with an agent-based model (generating a DEB- ABM) enables examination of the effects of environmental...
Muhammad Qayash Khan1,2, Muhammad Zubair Anjum2, Muhammad Adnan3, Abbas Khan1, Hafsa Zahid1, Javed Nawab4, Sher Zaman Safi5, Muhammad Ishaq Ali Shah6, Atif Kamil7 and Abid Ali1*
... problems in fisheries management and conservation practices. The purpose of the present study was a molecular characterization of fish species of economic importance belonging to the genus Schizothorax, Tor and Mystus collected from various rivers of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The samples were morphologically identified, its mitochondrial DNA was extracted and subjected t...
Iram Liaqat1*, Tahir Hussain1,2, Aisha Waheed Qurashi3, Gulbeena Saleem2, Asia Bibi4, Muhammad Fiaz Qamar5,ShaukatAli1 and Ikram-ul-Haq6
...">Salmonella Gallinarum,is a host specificpathogenic bacterium of fowl typhoid, one of the most important diseases of poultry that increases the death rate and reduction in eggs production. Bacteria forms the complex structural colonies enclosed in a sticky matrix known as biofilm. Various antimicrobial approaches used to treat gastrointestinal infections are usually ineffective due to biofilm formation. The purpose o...
Muhammad Akram Muneer1, Khalid Munir1, Ghulam Abbas1’*, Isra Munir1, Mumtaz Ahmad Khan1, Asif Iqbal1, Munsoor ud Din Ahmad1, Muhammad Arshad Javid2, Zareen Fatima1 and Maria Arshad1
...stRespiratorySyndromecoronavirus(MERS-CoV)emerged as very importantissuesduringlastthree decadesas these infectionscaused quitelargenumberofhumandeathsworldwide.Coronavirusesaresingle-strandedpositive sense RNA viruses which mainly in past were considered responsible for high percentage of (around 30%) of common cold/flu cases. Viruses causing SARS, MERS...
Natalija Grittner1, Radomir Mandić2,* and Milivoje Urošević3
...wls, dogs and bees were analyzed. The number of populations these indigenous breeds in Serbia has been shown in this paper. It is proposed that 15 breeds (13 breeds and 2 strains), which are not protected by the Decree of the Ministry of Agriculture of Serbia on animal genetic resources, be included in the Decree in the future, in order to preserve and improve their numbers. An urgent establishment of the animal gene bank of Serbia has been also proposed. It i...
Laura Alejandra Arriola-Mosqueda1, Yadira Jiménez-Lara2, Eugenia del Carmen Prieto-Avella1, Carlos Ricardo Cruz-Vazquez3, Roberto Montesinos-Matias4, Mauricio Valencia-Posadas2, Ana Martha Cruz-Avalos5, Jaime Molina-Ochoa6,7 and César Andrés Angel-Sahagún2,*
... determined and the germination (at 18 and 24 h post-inoculation) and radial growth (after 14 days) of four strains of M. anisopliae. We evaluated the pathogenicity on the eggs and larvae of all tested strains of R. sanguineus at day 3 and 7. The LC50 of four strains of M. anisopliae was determined by Probit analysis, and a chi-square test was used to determine the relationship of LC50
Ammara Gull-e-Fareen1,2, Imran Bodlah1,*, Muhammad Adnan Bodlah3, Muhammad Tariq Rasheed1, Habib Ali4 and Muhammad Asif5
...tera: Figitidae: Aspicerinae) is reported with colour variations like scape, pedicel and basal part of antennal segment 3 slightly darker than remaining segments, scutellum and mesopleura mostly dark reddish with some darker areas, legs also reddish brown except tarsal segments lighter in colouration. Suspected trophic associations with Ischiodon scutellaris (F.) via Aphis nerii onCalotropis procera...
Iftikhar Hussain1, Sardar Azhar Mehmood1, Muzafar Shah2*, Mohammad Salim3, Shabir Ahmed1, Sana Ullah1,Sidra Batool4, Nadia Saeed1 and Khalid Usman1
...l 7.35 mm. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the bases of CO1 gene sequences. The mean intraspecific divergences of C. sphinx were 0.011%. The nucleotide composition of the sequences showed higher concentration of A+T as compared to G+C. The A+T contents were 53.1% and C+G were 46.8%. In phylogenetic tree the sequences of C. sphinx clustered together with 100% bootstrap support. The relationship between C. sphi...
Rao Muhammad Ramiz1, Arfan Ahmad2*, Aamir Ghafoor2, Muhammad Avais3, Qurat-ul-Ain1 and Muhammad Zahid Iqbal3
...als (30%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed the circulation of BLV genotype 1 in exotic breeds of cattle. Evaluation of various risk factors analysis demonstrated the strong positive association of BLV with age, herd size, parity, breeding (AI, Bull) and country of import. The animals found positive were imported from US, therefore there is a need to conduct a nation...
Rashid Mahmood1*, Muhammad Abu Bakar2, Muhammad Fahim Raza3, Ziyad Abdul Qadir1 and Muhammad Yahya2
...s to examine the role of naturally occurring chemicals against Varroa mites of A. mellifera. Nine colonies of A. mellifera were selected to check the infestation of V. destructor randomly. Treatment was applied once and post-treatment data was recorded after 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after all applications of the tested material through sticky cards placed at the bottom of each colony. The results showed that maximum efficacy (76.05 &plus...
Nosheen Basharat1, Usman Waheed2,3*, Muhammad Arshad1, Noor e Saba4, Iram Masood1, Akhlaaq Wazeer1, Ahmad Farooq1, Sadaf Moneeba1, Abdul Rauf5 and Hasan Abbas Zaheer2,3
Riffat Sultana1*, Nuzhat Soomro2, Santosh Kumar3 and Ahmed Ali Samajo2
...vior of 4 species of Oxyinae: Oxya hyla hyla Serville, 1831, O. velox (Fabricius, 1787), O. fuscovittata (Marschall, 1836) and Oxyina bidentata Willemse. In trials carried out in laboratory we verified the following mating sequence: (1) sexual recognition by antennation; (2) courtship with male turning his abdomen towards the female performing mediolateral anten...
Tanveer Hussain, Masroor Ellahi Babar*, Akhtar Ali and Fiaz Hussain
...Codon Code aligner and finally a 364 bp portion was selected for further analysis. Dual peaks/heterozygous conditions were identified at positions c.36 (A/C), c.87 and c.225 (Y, T/C). The phylogenetic tree was constructed through MEGA 6.1 software package using the Neighbor Joining method with a bootstrap value of 1000. Finally, the dromedary camel sequences from Pakistan were compared wit...
Eman Khalifa1*, Riad Khalil2 and Haitham Elaadli3
...es of mastitic milk from native lactating buffaloes’ breed were collected aseptically from 4 private farms in Cairo-Alexandria desert road in the north part of the Egypt and subjected to bacteriological and molecular examination for M. bovis followed by their antibiogram profile. Seven (7%) isolates were identified as M. bovis from totally examined 100 milk samplesand isolated M. bovis showed resis...
Junyan Bai*, Zhihao Dong, Youbing Yang, Ziheng Li, Xiaoning Lu and Huirong Gong
...: small;">A comparative analysis of meat quality traits at different segmented parts of small-tailed Han sheep was conducted. The results showed that drip losses of back and tendon were obviously lower than those at other parts (P<0.05). Cooking loss of tendon was significantly lower than that at other parts (P<0.05). The shearing force of hind leg was obviously lower than that at other parts (P<0.05). The flesh color of waist was...
Ahmad Ur Rahman Saljoqi, Muhammad Salim* and Iftikhar Ahmad
... efficacy of different management techniques were studied against thrips (Thrips tabaci)nymph and adult populations in garlic crop during the year 2017-18. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design having two factors with three replications and six treatments. Treatments Emamectin 1.9 EC @ 750 ml ha-1, orange (Citrus aurantium L.) peel extract @ 5%, neem (Azadirachta indica) seed extract @ 5%, neem oil @ 3%...
Sana Khan1*, Faiza Aman1, Muhammad Ismaeel2, Zafar Ali2, Mehboob Alam1, Sadeed Iqbal1 and Taimur Khan3
... cultivars (Meteor, Samrina Zard, Leena Pak and Pea-2009) to sub plots. Data was collected on growth and yield parameters of randomly selected plants in each treatment and replication. Results showed that phosphorus levels significantly affected all growth parameters. Maximum absolute growth rate (3.31cm day-1), leaflets plant-1 (102.61), pods plant-1 (16.43), pod length (9.53 cm), root weigh...
Dabesa Wegari and Fikiru Temesgen Gelata*
... Shewa Zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia. The data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. For this study, both primary and secondary sources of data were collected. The primary data were collected from 376 producers, 30 fatteners, 20 traders, 10 butchers, 12 hotels, 10 consumers and other institution actors; totally 476 respondents by using interview schedule, site visit and perso
Faiza Aman1,*, Neelam Ara1 and Syed Mehar Ali Shah2
...ing were observed for Leena Pak and Meteor each variety taking 61.67 days to first picking. Highest number of pods plant-1 (37.67), hundred green seeds weight (57.33 g) and green pod yield (10.19 tons) was recorded for genotype UAP-47. Maximum pod length (9.87 cm), seeds pod-1 (9.33) and hundred green pods weight (583.00 g) was recorded for variety Green Gold. However, minimum pods plant-1 (15.00) was recorded for pea variety R...
Saba Shabeer1, Riffat Tahira2 and Atif Jamal3*
Hafiz Hammad1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-Us-Sabah1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Aftab2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Aneela Riaz3, Abid Niaz4 and Muhammad Arif4
...s and obtained data was analyzed statistically with a statistical software Statistix 8.1 analysis of variance technique and significant of treatments was tested using LSD test at probability level of 5%. The maximum P accumulation (178.37 mg P pot-1), P uptake efficiency (1.90) and PE (phosphorus efficiency) ratio(747.15 g DM (g plant-1) of sunflower was observed with application of NK + Rock phosphate ...
Sheza Shehzadi1, Mohammad Umar Farooq2*, Rukhsana Kausar1, Ijaz Ali1*, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3 and Maqbool Shahbaz4
...ne-height: normal;">Alternative renewable energy is getting progress in current era keeping in view of energy insecurity in the coming years and the ever increasing threat of environmental and social health due to the use of fossil fuel. Lingo-cellulosic biomass has seen getting fame as bioenergy crops in maintaining food security alongside fulfilling energy demands. Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) has turn out the promising nutritious forage to the...
Kartika Noerwijati1*, Sholihin Sholihin1, Tinuk Sri Wahyuni1, Rohmad Budiono2, Nguyen Van Minh3, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi4, Zane Vincēviča-Gaile5 and Lulu Husna6
...ones, therefore cluster analysis (the K-means cluster analysis method) was carried out to classify clones based on tuber yield and harvest index and to facilitate the selection process. The aim of this study wasto select high yielding cassava clones as selection material for the next stage of selection in the highlands. The F1 seedlings population selected, had a wide range of tuber yield. The results of this stud...
Grace Okongor, Chukwudi Njoku*, Pauline Essoka and Joel Efiong
...g the period with a marginal increase in yam yield. The projections from the Time Series Modeler showed that relative humidity will decrease slightly while yam yield will increase by an additional 265 metric tons in 2026. Although minimal, and not significant to the declining food production trend in Nigeria, the projected increase in yam production in the area would support the deficit in food availability. The nexus betwee...
Muhammad Tariq Chaudhary1, Saleem Ashraf 2, Muhammad Yaseen3 and Muhammad Luqman3
...ollected through questionnaire from 300 respondents who were recently appointed as Field Assistants (FAs) in Agriculture Department. Total 237 questioners returned by the respondents were found complete, thus, sample size was reduced to 237. Effective Schools Model presented by Lezotte (2010)” was employed as theoretical framework of this study. Collected data were analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Scienc...
Sana* and Abbas Ullah Jan
...ime involved). Data analysis revealed that 34.7 percent of children of the sampled farm households were full-time involved and 41.9 percent were part-time involved in different agricultural activities. The most frequent of them were animals grazing, fodder cutting and carrying, crops weeding, harvesting and firewood collection. Multinomial Logistic analysis revealed that a child’s age, gender (male) and school...
Raheel Saqib1*, Muhammad Luqman2, Saleem Ashraf3, Tahir Munir Butt4, Abdur Rehman5, Imtiaz Hussain6 and Muhammad Umer Mehmood2
... interview schedule and analyzed using SPSS. Results showed that an overwhelming majority of respondents (89.1%) were perceived that family farming played a significant role in improving their livelihoods on a sustainable basis. A large majority (84.6%) of respondents reported the positive role of family farming in rural livelihood development. Among different potential benefits of family farming “minimize household fo...
Dilara Devranoglu, Ilksen Tavaci, Gonul Filoglu and Ozlem Bulbul*
... for predicting the externally visible characteristics of a given individual based on a sample of DNA alone. In this study, we tested degraded DNA samples to determine the eye color prediction accuracy of the IrisPlex system. We used five years old bloodstains and UVC exposed (30 and 60 min) D<...
Muhammad Ihtisham1, Noor Amjad2, Muhammad Nauman3, Asghar Ali3, Khawar Riaz3, Muhammad Sajid3, Muhammad Owais Shahid*3
...take a long time to germinate. The hard seed coat can be scarified successfully through acid treatment. Sophora is a beautiful ornamental plant and its seeds have the same issue. In this experiment, seeds of Sophora secondiflora were treated with H2SO4 and then sown at different dates. Both H2SO4 scarification and sowing time had a significant effect on germination and seedling growth. The...
Muhammad Yaseen1, Xu Shiwei2, Yu Wen2, Muhammad Luqman1*, Raheel Saqib3, Muhammad Ameen4, Sadia Hassan5 and Tahir Munir Butt6
...mers use various traditional and modern information sources such as extension field staff, fellow farmers, private sector, electronic media, print media, and information communication technologies (ICTs) gadgets to get the latest information necessary for agricultural productivity. This study aimed to explore the patterns of farmers to access and receive information from different sources. A well-structured and expert reviewed interview schedule was used to co...
Yuanyuan Zhang1*, Liping Song1, Hui Guo2, Jun Wu1, Xiaoli Wang1 and Fangbin Yao1
Jiawei Hong1,2, Mingqiang Chen 1,2, Zhenghua Deng1,2, Youning Li1,2 and Yu Wang1,2*
...exposure dosage. The dominant position of Tenericutes was replaced by Proteobacteria, and in parallel the proportion of Tenericutes slumped to 3.85%. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Mycoplasma, dropped down from 58.38% to 3.85%, and Vibrio increased (from 15.23% to 40.8%) to become the dominant genus. The hierarchical clustering heat map analysis and principal c...
Waseem Khalid1, Ali Ikram1*, Muhammad Rehan2, Farukh Adeem Afzal1, Saadia Ambreen1, Marryam Ahmad3, Afifa Aziz1 and Anam Sadiq1
...her hand, the market for natural composites for health is growing. Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a very common fruit, eaten all around the world, containing significant quantities of seeds as well as peels that have been discarded. These seeds contain high functional and nutritional potential compounds. It is the most exported and consumed fresh fruit and the residues like seeds and pe...
Sadaf Javaria1, Anum Marwat1, Muhammad Nadeem2, Mehwish Zerlasht1, Aiman Kareem3, Iqra Rubab1 and Masooma Munir4*
... leathers, a dehydrated snack have the potential to increase fresh fruit utilization especially in the children. The present investigation was designed to standardize the formulation of apple peach mixed fruit leather. Exact formulation has very important role in producing an acceptable and admired food product and the product grab more market. Therefore, the formulation of apple peach mix fruit leather was standardized by different treatments i.e. apple peach...
Salman Ali1*, Ayaz Ali2, Riaz Ali Rind2, Majid Ali3, Zulfiqar Ali Mastoi2, Shagufta Naz3, Muhammad Shakir3, Rashid Ahmed Qaim Khani1
Asima Batool1, Ghulam Abbas2*, Zuhair Hasnain3, Nasira Perveen4 and Muhammad Naeem Akhtar5
...ersity, Faisalabad. Germinated maize seedlings / plants were placed in the glass fitted canopies, where canopy temperature was found 7-10°C higher than ambient temperature along with light reflection was enough for optimum photosynthesis. The plants were raised under heat stress environment for 15 days and harvested. Data regarding seedling parameters were recor...
Ahmad Abrar Khan* and Muhammad Idrees
...ltivated apricot on 01 kanal of land and major group (31.8%) were getting 51-70 Kg yields per tree. Moreover, 68.9% of apricot growers used chemical fertilizers, and Farm Yard Manure (FYM) application was also in practice by 62.9%. Apricot growers in major cases (59.1%) irrigated their crops in drought periods.In the majority of cases through wells/tube wells followed by canals, while one-third of total cases were only rain ...
Tariq Ali Mastoi1, Zulfiqar Ali Mastoi2*, Zahoor Ahmed Khetran3, Ghulam Hussain Alizai2, Binish Baig4, Mitha Khan2 and Syed Jahangir Shah1
...lore the role of micro finance on the agricultural development in the district Jaffarabbad, Balochistan through survey method. Eight districts were selected purposively by using random sampling techniques to investigate eligibility, education and obstacles of the respondents for obtaining micro finance loan from Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited (ZTBL). Out of selected districts; ten respondents were chosen randomly who obtained ...
Javaria Sherani1,2*, Muhammad Saleem Jilani1, Tanveer Ahmad2, Sohail Kamaran3, Abdul Manan2, Tehseen Ali Jilani2 and Mateen Sajid2
...ative to search for alternate food sources. Ber could be very handy alternate food crop if its yield and quality is enhanced. Grafting is a widely used technique to improve yield, disease resistance and fruit quality. This work aims to assess the effect of grafting on production, fruit ripening, physical and chemical properties, and nutritional quality of the fruit. Rootstock has a great i...
Shakeel Ahmed Soomro1,2, Sikandar Almani3, Lal Bux4, Khalil Ahmed Ibupoto2, Muhammad Sohail Memon2, Farman Ali Chandio2, Shakeel Hussain Chattha2, Zaheer Ahmed Khan2, Zubair Ahmed Soomro5,Babar Mustafa Ansari6 and Kunjie Chen1*
...ror and significance of analysis of variance which is essential for testing the applicability of the model. Predicted optimum temperature and time were 63 ºC and 142.5 min respectively and predicted length, width, thickness, TKW, bulk density, true density, porosity and hardness under these conditions were 6.72mm, 3.32mm, 2.27mm, 27.38 g, 716.78 kg m-3, 1459.14 kg m-3, 51.24% and 45.26 N respectively. The results further revealed tha...
Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1*, Nadia Mangrio1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Zia-ul-Hassan Shah2, Ghulam Sughra Mangrio3, Nihaluddin Mari4, Zulfiqar Ali Abbasi1 and Shazia Parveen Tunio5
...istan is imbalanced and inappropriate. It is very important to use proper doses of balanced fertilizers to exploit the maximum yield potential of cane crop. This study focused on hypothesis that application of suitable planting methods and NPK level play a major role in improving sugarcane yield and quality. Experiment was performed under field conditions at Sugarcane Research Institute, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan (located at 250 25.19 N 680 32.07 E) during 201...
Md. Sabbir Ahamed1, Md. Rayhan Chowdhury1, Md. Atik Mas-ud1, Sujat Ahmed2, Md. Shahadat Hossain1 and Mohammad Nurul Matin1*
Yongyun Zhang1, 2, Xinyang Fan1, Fangting Zhou1, Weizhen Li3, Yina Ouyang1,4 and Yongwang Miao1*
...ub>-CN were inferred and named. The variants A, B’, B’’, C, E and F were observed only in river buffalo, whereas variant D was found only in swamp buffalo. The variant B was shared by both types of buffalo with high frequencies. The buffalo variants determined here did not exist in Bos genus. In addition, 9 amino acid differential sites of αS1-CN between buffalo and Bos genus were identified, of which p.4...
Muhammad Ajmal1, Saima Mustafa1, Fizza Ibrahim Bajwa1, Cheng Zhou2, Guangdong Wen2, Soe Lwin Myint2, Syed Irfan Raza3, Ihtasham Bukhari4, Mubashir Hassan5, Muhammad Faisal6 and Furhan Iqbal1*
...lled subjects. A questionnaire was filled for each subject on the sampling site in order to collect epidemiological data associated with the disease. Patients from both families exhibited congenital atrichia with papular lesions (APL) including hair loss in the scalp, pubic and other body parts. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify all the over lapping intron exon regions of HR gene followed by D
Hazrat Ali1, 2* and Ezzat Khan1*
...ont-size: small;">Contamination of water bodies with toxic heavy metals is a genuine environmental problem. Bioaccumulation of toxic heavy metals in fish poses a potential health risk to fish consumers including humans. The aim of present research work was to study the bioaccumulation of Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb in the carnivorous fish Mastacembelus armatus at different sites of three rivers in Malakand Division, Pakistan. The study also investigated tissue-sp...
Kamran Baksh Soomro1*, Sina Alaghmand2, Sanyogita Andriyas3, Muhammad Rehmatullah Khan4, Naveedullah5 and Amin Talei6
...ht: normal;">Due to the unavailability of fresh water for agriculture, the use of saline water often emerges as an alternate source of irrigation. However, one hardly knows the economic implications of such recommendations. In this regard, the effect of saline irrigation on the economics of crop yield deserves scientific inquiry. A field experiment was conducted during 2018-19 to study the impact of saline water on the econo...
Muhammad Ilyas Khan*, Ihsan Mabood Qazi and Mohammad Ayub
...hemical, amylose, functional and pasting properties. Where, in second phase of the study flour of low and high amylose rice varieties were blended in various ratios (100:00, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80 and 00:100) and were studied again for functional and pasting profile. Results indicated that colour, moisture, water solubility index (WSI), water absorption index (WAI), swelling power (SP) and pasting profile of selected var...
Chen Tongde1, Fakher Abbas1, Jiao Juying1, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz2*, An Shoshan1, Muhammad Ansar3, Qaiser Hussain2, Mah-Noor Azad2 andAyaz Ahmad2
...on also occurred in some natural hillsides. The range of soil erosion of the 15 investigation units was about 5.14~133.89 t ha-1 year-1. The soil erosion in Pothohar Plateau mainly occurred in construction land. The soil erosion caused by development and construction projects should be supervised and controlled, meanwhile, matching soil erosion prevention measures should be developed through research. Especially Murree region in the north...
Haseeb Khattak1, Imran Ahmad1, Abdul Basit1*, Izhar Ullah1,2, Syed Tanveer Shah1, Humaira Wasila3, Inayat Ullah4, Intizar Ahmad1 and Noman Ahmad1
Umair Riaz1*, Shazia Iqbal2, Muhammad Irfan Sohail2, Tayyaba Samreen2, Muhammad Ashraf1, Fatima Akmal2, Ayesha Siddiqui3, Ijaz Ahmad4, Muhammad Naveed5, Naveed Iqbal Khan5 and Rao Masood Akhter6
...ight: normal;">The medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are current hot topic in the industries for their products. MAPs used in various items like pharmaceutical industry, health care items, cosmetics, organic food items etc. MAPs are gaining global admire and most of the pharmaceutical companies filing patents on medicinal plants and their derivatives and about 40% newly approved drugs during last two decades are formulate...
Roland Eric Yessinou1*, Alain Richi Kamga Waladjo2, Nestor Noudeke1, Ignace Dramou3, Justin Adinsi1, Victorien Tamègnon Dougnon4, Elsie Yélognisê Sangnidjo5, Razack Osse5, Alfred Dansou6 and Souaïbou Farougou1
...is a highly prevalent arenavirus that affects two to three million people in West Africa. A retrospective was conducted review through literatures search using the AGORA, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Researchgate and Google Scholar Databases on Lassa fever (LF) from West Africa. A total of 34 articles were studied from 11 countries. Studies were categorized by host and country, and analysis conducted to determine pooled p...
Saad A. Moussa1, Mohammed Ahmed Mahmoud Abdullah2*, Mahmoud Saied1, Mustafa Saleh1, Mohamed A. Soliman2 and Ali Mahmoud Zanaty2
...ild birds. Phylogenetic analysis of recent Egyptian isolates in Menofia governorate, Egypt was constructed, and showed to be of genotype VII. Eight NDV viruses were isolated from vaccinated commercial broiler flocks showing respiratory manifestation in Menofia governorate, Egypt during 2019. Those viruses showing deaths and haemorages of inoculated SPF ECE eggs, harvested allantoic fluids showed haemaggluti
Ryan Septa Kurnia1* and Radiana Dhewayani Antarianto2
...animal research and its inability to make reliable predictions for human clinical trials. Recently, 3D cell culture produced by researchers to improve better mimic tissue physiology of better in vitro cell culture model. It is may enable microbiologists to create infection models that combine respiratory tissue culture engineering with the virus-relevant complexity of in vivo models. Mechanism of infection dise...
Hafiz Tassawar Abbas1*, Tamoor Khan1, Ghulam Khaliq2, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar3, Muhammad Rashid4, Intazar Ali5, Muhammad Abuzar Jaffar2, Ghulam Ali Bugti6 and Muhammad Waseem4
Hafiz Imran Iqbal1*, Zahir Ahmad Zahir2, Obaidur Rehman1, Rizwan Khalid1*, Abdul Waheed1, Raja Abad Raza1, Shahid Saleem1, Muhammad Rashid1, Sarosh Tariq Alvi1 and Asia Munir1
...1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase) on the growth and yield of maize under salt affected conditions. In pots three levels of salinity were developed i.e. 1.2 (original), 6 and 12dSm1 by sodium chloride (NaCl) salt. The inoculants being used for maize seeds included PGPR (S1, S2) and Rhizobium (Mn2) strains. Recommended doses of NPK were applied @ 180:140:90 kgha-1. Growth and yield of maize plants imp...
Sohail Akbar1*, Muhammad Shafiq2, Muhammad Yaqoob2, Muhammad Farooq Iqbal2, Kashif Ishaq2, Muhammad Kamran2, Shazia Shamas3, Arbab Sikander4 and Muhammad Hashim5
...due to heat stress. In managemental perspective, cooling systems (Fans and mist) along with shades and grazing at night are involved in environmental modification. Due to heat stress, intake of dry matter decreases but requirement of energy increases along with the bypass protein. So there is need of nutrition based management of animals in proper way.
...
Caner Öztürk1*, Mücahid Onay1 and Neşe Hayat Aksoy2
...stify;">The biochemical analysis and the determination of the intracellular-extracellular contents of the sperm cells are important in the spermatological studies. Since homogenization processes reveal the intracellular contents of the sperm cells, we aimed to examine the optimal sonication procedure and the protective effect of the antioxidants against sonication. Four merino rams (2–3 years old) were used for semen c...
Asma Chaudhary1, Qurat-ul-Ain Ahmad1, Afia Muhammad Akram1, Sadia Roshan2 and Javed Iqbal Qazi3*
...potential of Sphingomonas sp. AsCh-P3 (MF543123) and Bacillus aerius AsCh-A7 (MF543123) against fish pathogen Pseudomonas fluorescens. Antagonism by cross streak was observed in ten isolates out of total twenty. Six isolates showed better inhibition by well as well as disk diffusion methods with maximum growth inhibition zones i.e., 15 and 17 mm by Sphingomona
A.E.S. Patrick1,*, S. Kuganathan2 and U. Edirisinghe3
...all;">Linear regression analysis of length-weight relationships (LWRs) were studied to reveal the growth patterns of 380 specimens belonging to 10 species, 9 genera and 5 families of local fish in Vavuniya reservoir, Sri Lanka during January, 2013 to August, 2014. The regression coefficient value ‘b’ from LWR and statistical comparison from the ideal value (b=3) were used to find the growth patterns. Most of the local species showed i...
BamideleAkinsanya1, Isaac O Ayanda2,*, Benson Onwusa1 and Joseph K Saliu1
...BTEX. GC-MS was used to analyse for the presence of these chemicals, while parasite identification was done using conventional method. Only one parasite species, Teneuisentis niloticus, an acanthocephalan was recovered. There was 72% infection prevalence. The result also revealed that both BTEX and PAHs were accumulated in the body of the parasite. Two components of BTEX, (1,2-dichlorobenzene and 1,3-dichlorobenzene) ...
Ibrar Muhammad Khan1, Dezhi Xu1, Zubing Cao1, Hongyu Liu1, Adnan Khan2, Sajid Ur Rahman3, Jam Zaheer Ahmed4, Muhammad Akmal Raheem5 and Yunhai Zhang1*
...otility, membrane functionality, acrosomal integrity, and viability percentage were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the diluent groups treated with 7.5 mmol of L-cysteine or 4.8 mmol of vitamin E. Correspondingly the DNA integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential percentage were found significantly higher (P < 0.05) in diluent groups treated with 7.5 mmol L-cyste...
Ahsan Numan1,4, Abdul Basit Qureshi2, Fehmeda Farrukh Khan3,Faisal Masud3,Ijaz Ahmad4, Kamran Ashraf5, Nisar Ahmad5, Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf 4, Imtiaz Rabbani4, Hafsa Zaneb6 and Habib Rehman4*
...ensory nerves (median, ulnar, peroneal and sural) and four motor nerves (median, ulnar, peroneal and tibial) were measured. Results demonstrated significant differences in all electrophysiological attributes of motor nerves except tibial nerve of the DSP patients compared to DMT2 patients in the short duration group. Similar results were noticed for sensory nerves except ulnar nerve in DSP...
Hagar E. Mohammed1, Ranwa A. Elrayess2 and Heba N. Gad El-Hak2*
...luate the effect of combinations of Artemisia monospermia with Mentha piperita on male fertility.Treated rats with different doses of A. monosperma or M. piperita alone induced severe testes histopathological lesions and histochemical alteration associated with a reduction in epididymis weight, abnormality in the sperm indices and a decline in serum testosterone levels which may have a bad impact on male infertility, on the other si...
Amjad Ali1*, Pirzada Jamal Ahmad Siddiqui1, Naveed Ahmad2,Shabir Ali Amir3, Rafaqat Masroor3,Seema Shafique1 and Zaib-un-Nisa Burhan1
...oast of Pakistan. Additionally, potential threats and conservation strategies were also discussed. SCUBA diving was conducted at 10 different dive sites along the coastline. Relative abundance of the fishes was determined using visual techniques. Sea water physiochemical parameters were determined. A total of 58 fish species in 33 genera and 24 families were recorded at 10 different dive sites. High diversity occurred at Churna<...
Muhammad Moosa Abro1*, Nadir Ali Birmani2 and Muhammad Bachal Bhutto3
...;">Nematehelminthic examination of two species of freshwater fishes, Mastacembelus armatus and Oreochromis niloticus collected from the Indus river of Sindh Pakistan, revealed presence of subgenus Spirocamallanus of genus Procamallanus. The subgenus was characterized by the presence of spiral thickening in buccal capsule. The prevalence of subgenus was higher in Mastacembelus armatus (33.33%) than Oreochromis niloticus...
Simeen Mansoor, Jabeen Farheen* and Meher Hassan
...s revealed that the combination of phytohormones and 40 °C before 50 °C exhibited improved growth and increased activity of APX, CAT, and GPX as to control and lethal-temperature treatments. The total soluble protein profile showed highly significant variations and was broadly divided into two major clusters. The 116, 113, 109, 106, 94, 86, 76, 62, and 61 kDa fractions were identified the first time, which may be involved in temperature stress acclimat...
Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Jennifer Ifeoma Okpara1, James Mogoret Dabol1, Joshua Adetunji1, David Adeniyi2, David O. Amanyi3, Otobo I. Ujah4, Veronica David1, Patience Omaiye5 and Onyemocho Audu6
...igeria. This cross-sectional study was conducted on ninety (45 HBV/HBV and 45 HBV-mono) infected patients with chronic hepatitis B attending the hepatitis clinics of the two tertiary hospitals (Plateau State Teaching Hospital and HIV treatment center, at Jos University Teaching Hospital), Jos Metropolis from September to December 2018. The anti-HDV antibodies (IgM) were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay HDV IgM ELISA Kit (MyBiosource, Inc, USA). ...
Suwati Suwati1, ErniRomansyah1,*, Syarifudin Syarifudin1, Yahya Jani2, Agus Heri Purnomo3,
Damat Damat4 and Erkata Yandri5,6
...seaweed during drying by natural and cabinet methods. The methods were used experimentally in the field and laboratory. And the data were analyzed using simple linear regression to formulate a trend of reduction in the weight of seaweed while drying. The results showed that the weight reduction in seaweed by the natural method can be illustrated by the simple regression linear equation Y =...
Saad A. Moussa1, Ahmed F. Afify1*, Suzan Salah2 and Ayman Hamed3
...racterization of betacoronavirus 1 (bovine coronavirus) BCoV in newborn gastroenteritis calves in the Delta Region, Menofia Province, Egypt, also for isolation and identification of the local circulating BCoV strain for further diagnosis or vaccination. In cattle, Betacoronavirus 1 bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is primaril...
Bram Brahmantiyo1,*, Henny Nuraini2,3, Astari Wibiayu Putri3, Maizirwan Mel4,5 and Cecep Hidayat6
...gn with unbalanced data analysis was used for quantitative traits and descriptive analysis for qualitative traits. Qualitative characteristics of hair color variation of Hyla rabbit was different than other with 7.7 % pointed on their white hair color, and hip type compact of Hycole, Hyla and New Zealand White were 90 %, 84.6 % and 76.9 %, respectively. Quantitative characteristics of chest depth of Hycole and Hyla rabbits w...
Titin Herawati1,*, Indra Adiwiguna1, Ayi Yustiati1, Iis Rostini1, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Hafizan Juahir3 and Asep Sahidin1
...are diversity index, dominance index, equitability index, and water quality. Data analysis employed comparative-descriptive method by mapping the species and comparing the diversity of fish living in both ends of Jatigede Dam. The results indicate that six families of fish are identified, consisting of 14 species. The fish diversity of Cimanuk River upstream Jatigede Reservoir is of moderate one – 1.735≤H’≤...
Haris Setiawan1, Aris Winaya1,*, Herwintono Herwintono1, Mulyoto Pangestu2 and Yayuk Kholifah3
... observe the effects of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata [Bloch 1793]) Extract (SFE) supplementation in tris Egg-yolk extender on mortality and motility of spermatozoa of Limousin bull (Bos primigenius f. taurus [Linnaeus, 1758]) collected from Singosari Artificial Insemination Center, Indonesia and commercial SFE. Semen from the same bull we...
Uwem E. George1, Oluwadamilola A. Arowolo2, Oluseyi A. Olayinka3, Ijeoma M. Ifeorah4, Temitope O.C. Faleye3,5, Bolaji Oluremi6, Arthur O. Oragwa7, Ewean C. Omoruyi8, Emmanuel E. Udoh9, Oluwadamilola G. Osasona1,10, Emmanuel Donbraye11, Olufunke P. Adeniji12, Olubusuyi M. Adewumi3,13* and Johnson A. Adeniji3,13,14
... prescription, indiscriminate use, misuse and abuse of antibiotic administration and/or usage in both humans and farm animals have led to a consistent interference and contamination of biomes and ecobiomes. These resultantly give platforms for positive selection of resistant pathogens and high levels of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs). We examined Nigerian Chimpanzees in Boki Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary, Cross-River S...
Anwar Ali1,5*, Horia Shaukat2, Munir Ahmed3,5, Ahmed Bostani4 and Syed Ashiq Hussain3
...the propagation and termination of rigor mortis hence decreasing the processing time and fatigue. After electrical stimulation, the muscles become paralyzed and the rigor mortis is dispatched to reduce the time spent in the muscle and his fatigue. It is also found to enhance meat tenderness and to boost meat sensory attributes. But it may also have adverse effects on some meat quality characteristics like holding capacity of water and other one is color. To ge...
Faheem Aslam1,*, Aneel Salman2, Inayatullah Jan3 and Sarah Siddiq Aneel4
...creation, household sustenance, and industrial growth depends on the kind of water systems and policies a country develops and implements. Due to its value and importance in all aspects of life, water is a highly political issue. The purpose of this study is to explore the water policies of Pakistan (2017) and India (2012) through quantitative analysis of textual data. The text mining of these water policies e
Dara Jaff1,2* and Michael C. Jarvis2
... yield when drought terminates growth early, but this character can lead to lodging in years with above average rainfall. Barley cultivars and landraces bred adapted to these conditions have thinner straw than higher-yielding cultivars adapted to more favourable growing conditions and may lodge in a different way. Using straw dimensions and material properties derived from Kurdish landraces of barley, a finite element model of lodging straw under wind and grav...
Wahyu Widodo1,*, Imbang Dwi Rahayu2, Adi Sutanto3, Apriliana Devi Anggraini4, Harum Sahara4,
Sara Safitri4 and Abubakar Yaro5,6
...;">The purposes were to analyze the effect of Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb. as a feed additive towards super kampong chicken (Indonesian native/local chicken - Gallus gallus domesticus Linnaeus, 1758) and to determine the most effective level of curcuma xanthorriza for the chicken. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used in this research through experimental design. Treatment...
Chaogang Yao, Daxin Pang, Chao Lu, Aishi Xu, Peixuan Huang, Hongsheng Ouyang* and Hao Yu*
...come an important determinant of meat quality for raisers and consumers in modern society. The objective of this work was to investigate the roles of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and fatty acid metabolism signaling pathways in determining the IMF contentin the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of pigs. The expression profile of candidate genes involved in the PPAR and fatty acid metabolism sig
Jun Yan Bai*, Zhi Hao Dong, Yu Chen, Jing Yun Li, Ying Lei, You Bing Yang, Kun Peng Shi and Xue Yan Fu
...ont-size: small;">For China yellow quail, Beijing white quail and Korean quail, number of eggs, total egg weight and laying rate begin to soar up with the increase of age from the 8th week to 12th week. Such growth rate declines gradually with the increase of age from the 12th week to the 15th week. The best regression equation for the number of eggs of Beijing white quail, Korean quail and Chinese yellow quail to we...
Masood Sadiq Butt1, Sadia Aslam1,2, Rizwan Shukat1,*, Syed Qamar Abbas1, Muhammad Issa Khan1, Shadab Shaukat3 and Muhammad Shahid4
...dered as garbage of no financial value and disposed of without any attempt of recovery. The aim of this study was to optimize the hydrolysis conditions for production of protein hydrolysate with enhanced functionality. Minced rohu (Labeo rohita) waste mainly comprising of head, tail, fins and skin was considered as raw material to prepare protein hydrolysate using flavorzyme enzyme. The results showed that response su...
Saima Siddiqui1, Ghulam Hussain Abro1, Tajwar Sultana Syed 1, Abdul Sattar Buriro2, Sohail Ahmad3, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed4 and Muhammad Asam Riaz4*
...nt resistance is an alternative tool to control cotton insect-pests. The current research was aimed to identify the cotton physio-morphological marker to manage pressure of sucking pests such as jassid (Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla Ishida), thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.) and whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gen.) on cotton. To this end, the present research was conducted on various cotton varieties classified on th...
Basharat Ahmed1, Muhammad Hamza Azhar2, Farah R. Shakoori1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori1,3,*
...d Kashmir Pakistan were analyzed to determine their changing trends in response to fifteen antibiotics. Campylobacter isolates were identified as C. jejuni (66.4%) and C. coli (33.6%). An over whelming majority of isolates were recovered from children (72%), 52 % were from male patients. The highest number of strains was isolated in summer (30.8 %) followed by in autumn (25.3 %) and in spring (22.6 %). The lowest number of strains was isol...
Canan Vejselova Sezer*
...marin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles and investigation of its effectiveness on treatment of lung and breast cancers. In this respect, these nanoparticles and silymarin were elucidated by using MTT assay for cytotoxicity, annexin-V analyses for cell death mechanism and confocal and transmission electron microscopies for morphological and ultrastructural changes. Based upon our findings, i...
Muhammad Farhan Qadir1, Xin-Yu Han1, Meng-li Qiao1, Ying Wang1, Ding Zhang1, Yu-hai Bi1,2, Ali Raza Jahejo1,Qian-qian Cheng1 and Wen-xia Tian1,*
...RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to identify the expression levels of PG-related genes (COX-2, GSTA3, PTGDS, PTGES, PTGER3 and PTGER4) in erythrocytes of H9N2 infected chickens at time intervals of 0, 2, 6 and 10 h and P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Expression levels were increased significantly in case of COX-2 at 0 and 6 h, GSTA3 and PTGDS at 0 h and PTGER4 at 2 h of infection, while decreased expression was ob...
Rukhsar Ali* and Ali Muhammad
...erval. Based on sensory analysis, the best suitable blend was selected within different ratios of mango pulp and loquat pulp. The blended pulp with ratio (60:40) got the highest mean score of judges for overall acceptability which used for further study. The different treatments were included in this study as MLBPr0 was control with no preservatives, MLBPr1 having 0.1% PS, MLBPr2 having 0.1% KMS, MLBPr3 having 0.1% S...
Aysha Riaz* and Said Wahab
...ly considered as nutritionally poor due to lacking in certain essential micronutrients. Moringa leaves are very rich in nutrients namely proteins, fibers and minerals. Keeping in view the nutritional importance of moringa leaves powder, the present study was carried out to investigate the effect of moringa leaves enrichment on the overall quality of whole wheat flour biscuits. Composite fl...
Naveed Ali1, Umar Hayat1*, Shahid Ali1, Muhammad Imad Khan1 and Sanam Wagma Khattak2
...my, it is imperative to analyze the sources of agriculture productivity of the SAARC countries. This endeavor examines the impact of financial development on agricultural productivity in case of SAARC countries for the period of 1996 to 2019. Moreover, this study introduces trade openness, human capital, and income as important control variables of agriculture value-added. To serve this purpose, this study utilizes CS-ARDL a...
Muhammad Farooq1*, Allah Rakha2,Jawad Ul Hassan2, Iftikhar Ahmed Solangi1, A. Shakoor3, Muhammad Bakhtiar4, Muhammad Noman Khan5,Shoaib Khan5, Ibrar Ahmad6, Shabir Ahmed7 andWang Yunyang1*
...mushroom have many medicinal importance because mushroom is used against several viral, bacterial and cancer diseases. Mushroom powder also used to reduce blood pressure and increase resistance of person against many diseases. Keeping in perspective the position of dietary and medicinal values of mushroom in this research mushroom powder was added into muffins to improve nutritious and dietetic status of muffin. To achieve d...
Iftikhar Alam1, Atta Ulllah Jan1, Muhammad Ali2 and Muhammad Farooq3*
...study was descriptive in nature and utilized a three-round Delphi technique to identify and make consensus on opinions regarding priority research areas from experts in the field of nutrition. The initial questionnaire for ‘Round one’ consisted of single-open-ended, asking the experts to identify at least five most important nutrition research areas. Consequent upon repeated consensus building process, the expert...
Oluseyi A. Olayinka1, Temitope O.C. Faleye2, Oladipo O. Omotosho3, Oladapo A. Odukaye3, Bolaji Oluremi4, Ibipeju H. Ibitoye1, Oludayo O. Ope-Ewe1, Uwem E. George5, Oluwadamilola A. Arowolo6, Ijeoma M. Ifeorah7, Ewean C. Omoruyi8, Emmanuel Donbraye9, Olufunke P. Adeniji10, Olubusuyi M. Adewumi1,11* and Johnson A. Adeniji1,11,12
... synthesis and Illumina sequencing. Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) in the raw reads were determined and assembled using the Kmer Resistance tool v2.2. From the 2,974,257 reads generated, 21 ARGs with statistically significant reads were identified. Almost all targeted broad-spectrum antibiotics with over 50% targeting Tetracyclines. Five (ant(6)-Ia_3, tet(40)_1, tet(Q)_1, tet(W)_5 and tet(O/W)_4) of the ARGs were predicted to be plasmid-borne. Our find...
Atilla Yıldız
...ty of cows to become pregnant. Insemination based on cervical mucus characteristics may increase pregnancy rate. Therefore, this study’s aim is to evaluate the extent to which the scores specific to the changes in physical properties of cervical mucus predict the probability of conception at insemination time. Cervical mucus in 36 clinically health...
Saira Batool1, Safdar Ali Shirazi1 and Syed Amer Mahmood2*
...and semi-arid with a drainage contributing area of 6524 km2. The RUSLE factors were calculated through vulnerable erosion zones remote sensing datasets demarcated by GIS. Computed soil erodibility, rainfall erodibilty, topographic-length-slope, crop management and conservation factor reveal interesting results and are in accordance with the local estimations that agree with each other well. The output maps indicat...
Arshad Bhat1*, Masudul H. Wani1, Shabir A. Wani2, Abid Qadir3, Iqra Qureshi4 and Abid Sultan2
...>Use of indiscriminate pesticides have severe negative impacts on human health, biosphere and ecological web-chains. Easy access and availability of pesticides has opened the sphere of choices to the growers, but the recognition of standard and sub-standard pesticides has made the growers very much perturbed and they lack confidence to rely on these pesticide outlets. By using such pesticides, the growers are being looted which in turn resulted in heavy...
Tanay Dineshkumar Shah
...hrooms have high nutritional value. They are a rich source of protein and fiber and have very low calories and low cholesterol. Days are not far when mushrooms will be a regular alternative to vegetables for many vegetarians. India is having a favorable environmental condition to grow mushrooms. Hence various varieties of mushrooms are grown in different regions of India. However, the per capita consumption of mushroom in In...
Uzma Ayaz1,* and Muhammad Fareed Khan2
...278) collected from National Agriculture Research centre Islamabad were field tested at Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir during July and August 2019. The cultivation was carried out in three replications uniformly by applying randomized complete block design (RCBD) by maintaining R x R space of 75 cm and plant to plant space of 20 to 25 cm. The average temperature was varying between 24.3°C (75.7°F) and 34.8°C (94.6°F) throughout the seaso...
Monoar Pallab*, Moktadir Reza and Debashish Sarker
...: justify;">An adult Jamunapari doe of two years age was presented at SAQ Teaching Veterinary Hospital, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Bangladesh with a history of teat injury due to barbed wire while grazing. A deep longitudinal infected teat laceration was noticed. Milk was still coming through fibrosed teat cannel. The lacerated...
Mustasim Famous1*, Asim Chakrabartty Aditya2, Shahabuddin Ahmed3 and Sabuj Sutradhar2
...udging from the overall analysis of the results, it may be concluded that production and reproduction performances of Holstein crossbred are superior to other dairy crossbred in Kishoreganj, Bangladesh....
Md. Ariful Islam, Md. Badol Ashraf and Md. Mahmudul Alam*
...ons in the Upazila Veterinary Hospitals of Fulbaria, Muktagacha, and Trishal of Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. Prevalences of surgical affections in calves from 2010 to 2019 were recorded from the register book of each veterinary hospital. A total of 2165 calves were recorded as general patients in those Upazila Veterinary Hospitals. Surgical affections were arranged based on sex, bree...
Memoona Tehseen1, Sajila Hina2*, Alim-un-Nisa2 and Naseem Zahra2
...idant efficacy of the spinach extract was evaluated by addition in sunflower oil (SFO) as natural antioxidant. Three different concentrations of spinach extract, SFO-800, SFO-1600 and SFO-2400 ppm were supplemented to sunflower oil at 25oC and 60oC along with standard synthetic antioxidants butylated hydroxianisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The stabilization of sunflower oil w...
M. Javed Iqbal1, Rizwan Shukat1, Muhammad Farooq2*, Iftikhar Ahmed Solangi2, Naila Ilyas3, Rahman Ullah4, A. Shakoor5, Muhammad Bakhtiar6 and Faraz Ahmed7
... seasoned and cross-pollinated bulb crop belonging to Family Alliaceae. High moisture content of onion render it to be affected by microbial and enzymatic spoilage. Drying is a very effective way to preserve onion for a long time. Onion powder was prepared by foam mat drying technique in which onion paste was treated with different concentration of soy protein (0%, 4%, 8% and 12%) as foaming agent and Carboxyl methylcellulose (0.5%) as foam stabilizer and thes...
Ijaz Ahmad* and Bakhtiar Gul
...L.) against wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn), the two most troublesome weeds of the wheat crop in Pakistan. Four treatments viz. wheat, wheat + S. marianum, wheat + A. fatua, wheat + S. marianum and A. fatua were examined to check their effect on the growth dynamics of wheat, A. fatua and S. marianum. The experiment was carried out in 2018-2019 using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) a...
Naveed Wahid Awan1, Asif Ali Abro2* and Ahmed Raza ul Mustafa3
...stical year books at the national and provincial level, Metrological Department of Pakistan from 1993 to 2019. Panel data approach is applied to analyze the data for each province of Pakistan. The results are presented through rank and regression analysis. The rank analysis was done based on crop production, the area c...
Ali Zaman1, Nabila Roohi1 and Muhammad Irfan2*
... to fulfill this gap by analyzing the effects of exposure to the bacterial culture of Pasturella multocida (P. multocida) type B:2 and its immunogens, i.e., lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and outer membrane protein (OMP) on Nili Ravi buffaloes. Prepubertal Nili Ravi female buffaloes (N=18) of 10-12 months age in good health condition were divided into five treatment groups (n=3 each) and a control group (n=3). Treatment groups’ animals were exposed to P. multo...
Salma Javed and Samreen Khan*
... nematode Aphelenchus avenae have been thoroughly examined in vitro system by ensuring Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Two fungal species Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger were examined for their aptitude to assist the population rate of the said species. Nematodes were collected from soil around the rhizospheres of sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrical L.) field in the vicinity of National Nematological Research Centre, Univer...
Aamer Sattar1, Sadia Sultana1*, Abid Niaz1, Muhammad Aftab1, Ghulam Sarwar2, Irfan Rasheed3, Muhammad Shoaib4, Raheela Naz1, Amina Kalsom1, Nisa Mukhtar1, Farah Rasheed1, Arfan ul Haq1, Munazza Rafique5, Muhammad Arif1, Sarfraz Hussain1 and Jafar Salim6
...s (methods of residues management) i. traditional practice by complete removing (C) whole crop biomass from field, ii. burnt (B) practice by burning the crop biomass in field after threshing and iii. Residue’s (R) incorporation practice by rotavating the crop biomass into the soil. The selected field was sufficient in exchangeable K and available P but was deficient in organic matter contents. The results showed that i...
Khaliq Dad1, Muhammad Nawaz2*, Rumsha Hassan2, Kainat Javed2, Asma Shaheen2, Fengliang Zhao3, Muhammad Imran4, Syed Tansir Hussain Shah4, Muhammad Faraz Anwar5 and Muhammad Aurangzaib6
...uman life but also to fauna and flora. The existence of cadmium (Cd) in soil, atmosphere or water may unfavorably affect growth and physiology of plants. The experiment was conducted to study the impacts of biochar on the growth and physiology of tomato grown in Cd contaminated soil and activity of biochar in the contaminated soil. In this study different treatments of Cd were applied in t...
Arshad Mehmood Khattak1, Saleem Ullah1*, Farida Anjum2, Hamid U. Shah1 and Sahib Alam1
...ars varied in it nutritional composition and also the parts contained an appreciable amount of nutrients which along with grains may be utilized in daily diets or any other food formulation....
Muhammad Musa1*, Muhammad Riaz Gondal2, Aaqib Riaz3, Sikander Hayat2 and Iftikhar Haider1
...the production through management of harvesting at Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan during three rabi seasons from 2015 to 2018. The experiment was arranged in split plot design with three replications. Berseem varieties (Super Late, Agaiti Berseem, Punjab Berseem) were kept in main plots and last cutting dates (10thMarch, 20th March, 30th March, 10th April and 20th April) were kept in sub-plots. Results revealed considerable differences in the pe...
Raza Ullah Khan1*, Ahmad Khan1, Mohammad Zameer Khan1, Fayyaz Hussain1, Zafar Islam2 and Muhammad Asad Hameed2
... spectrophotometer. The analysis showed the presence of hydrophobic and hydrophilic sites. The Fourier infrared spectroscopy analysis showed spectrum bends at different wavenumbers while elemental analysis show existence of different macro and micro nutrients which can be used to supplement the plant needs for nutrients by incorporation of humic substances along with commercial inorganic f...
Syed Mazuan, Syed Mohamed, Insyirah Ishak, Dzolkhifli Omar and Norhayu Asib*
...s the bagworm, Metisa plana. Various spraying methods had been developed for controlling the bagworms. A ground study was conducted in FELDA Gunung Besout 04, Perak, with its main focus on mistblower application towards bagworms. Stihl SR420 mistblower was characterised by having 1.2L / min flow rate, produced volume median diameter of 80μm, and achieved spraying productivity of 2.58 hectares’ land size (approximately 350 oil palms) per man day. The s...
Saleem Maseeh Bhatti1*, Muhammad Aslam Panhwar1, Zohaib ur Rehman Bughio1, Muhammad Saleem Sarki1, Allah Wadhayo Gandahi1, and Niaz Ahmed Wahocho2
... strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa cv. Silder) at Nasarpur, Sindh, Pakistan during 2015-16. The foliar rates comprised of 33, 66, and 99 mg Zn L-1 (equivalent to 100, 200 and 300 mg ZnSO4 L-1) and distilled water (control treatment) and sprayed to strawberry plants before flower initiation. A continual increase in number of leaves, number and weight of berries, fresh weight of strawberry plants, and Zn concentration in strawbe...
Muhammad Arslan Ibrahim1*, Aneeqa Aleem2, Farkhanda Manzoor2, Shahbaz Ahmad1, Hafiz Muhammad Zahid Anwar1, Talia Aroob2 and Mansoor Ahmad3
...rs of S. frugiperda when natural mortality tends to decrease after each successive instar. The single-sex method was adopted in the construction of the life table. The ratio of mortality in the late instars (3rd to 5th) was greater than the early instars because of entomopathogenic treatment. The survivorship curve explicated that the 4th to 6th instar larvae, being more voracious, could be destructive for the maize crop if not mana
Tai-hua Jin1, An-gang Lou2,Jiu-xiu Ji1, Cheng-dou Cui2, Long-zheng Yu2 andLi-zeng Guan1*
...t>hybrid analysis software and Dual-Luciferase reporter gene system was used to analyze the regulation mechanism between miR-1468 and GH. The results showed that the GH mRNA and protein level in pituitary cells of Yanbian yellow cattle could be significantly decreased by adding miR-1468 mimics (P<0.01), while these ...
Manzoor Hussain Memon1, Khalid Khan2, Anjum Parvez3, Sarfaraz Ahmed Shaikh4, Khan Mir Khan2, Guo Xiangyu5*, Mohammad Nasrullah6 and Saima Liaqat7
...ucers and consumers are unable to reap the benefits. Consumers and poultry farmers, the two extreme of value chain are in surplus loss because of no. of agents in the supply chain. Keeping in view the importance of poultry industry, the study has attempted to assess the economic viability of the poultry farmers in district Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa by evaluating profitability of various actors involved in the poultry industry. The total of 200 farmers, commis...
Ch. Muhammad Rafiq1, Qasim Raza1*, Awais Riaz1, Misbah Hanif2, Wajiha Saeed2, Shawaiz Iqbal1, Tahir Hussain Awan1, Syed Sultan Ali1 and Muhammad Sabar1
...y is threating its sustainable production. Dry seeded rice (DSR) technology has water and labour saving advantages over conventional transplanting culture, however, poor crop establishment due to reduced germination in variable field conditions greatly hampers its large-scale adaption. To address subordinate germinatio...
Fazal Wahid1, Arif Ullah Shah1, Muhammad Rahim2*, Fazal Dad1, Nadir Khan1, Saqib Ullah1, Yasir Ali1 and Sayed Ashfaq Ali Shah3
...gn: justify;">The contamination level of Chromium (Cr), Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb) and Cobalt (Co) was evaluated in the soil samples of agricultural area of the Urmar Bala, district Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. To solubilize the targeted metals from selected soil samples, a wet digestion procedure was adopted. The targeted metals in selected soil samples were in the ranges of: 1.37-2.00, 28.91-29.50, 1.62-1.82, 1.22-1.179 and 0.07-0.112 mg/kg...
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1 and Muhammad Shahid Nabeel2
... conditions (intensive management system, IMS). They were offered roughage+concentrate at the ratio of 60:40. In 60 proportions the ratio between fodder (lucerne) and crop residues (gram crop residues) was 70:30. They were fed two isocaloric diets with different protein levels viz: one group with 18% CP and other group with 22% CP. Daily feeding allowance (@ 3% body weight) was calculated and adjusted according to fortnightly live weights. Water was provided t...
Li Shengqing1,2,3, Zhang Xiyun2,3, Liu Shengcai2,3, Hu Guoyuan2, Fan Yuxia2,Liu Huaixin2, Wang Tingting2 and Zhang Yanming1*
...cing, and bioinformatic analyses. The lethal median dose (LD50) values of intragastrically and orally administred type D botulinum toxin in wild plateau pikas, plateau zokors, and Microtus fuscus are calculated through Horn’s method and the improved Karber method. The ability of the toxin to prevent and control rodent damage is assessed through plot experiments. The safety of type D botulinum toxin toward nontarget animals, such as yaks...
Muhammad Naveed1, Asif Nadeem1,2*, Maryam Javed1, Muhammad Fahad Bhutta3 and Ruqayya Bint Khalid1
...e="font-size: small;">Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A), also called mammary gland factor (MGF), is a key mediator of signal transduction within mammary gland and uterine epithelial cells. It is a member of placental lactogen (PL) and interferon-tau (IFN-τ) signal pathway. It is also the main mediator of growth hormone. When cells encounter growth hormones an...
Alamaary Mohaammed Saad1,3, Abd Wahid Haron1*, Mohamed Ali2,
Mark Wen Han Hiew1 and Lawan Adamu1
... Four stallions were nominated for AI in the current study. The best result from different concentrations of cysteine and ascorbic acid were used for AI. Thirty mares were divided into three groups of 10 mares each and were then inseminated using the frozen semen with the following extenders: HF-20 extender (0) as control, 0.5 cysteine, and 0.5 ascorbic acid. The level of oxidative stress steadily increases with increase con...
Jing Yu1*, Jiangmei Mao1,2 and Dongliang Wang1,3
...r adopted the inversion analysis of the primary productivity (PP) in the Daya Bay, China applying the vertical generalized production model (VGPM) with ocean color and sea surface temperature (SST) provided by MODIS-Aqua. On the basis of modified VGPM model, fishery resources in the Daya Bay were evaluated according to the Tait model, Cushing model, and trophic dynamics model. Results show...
Sara Sultan Alomran1, Muhammad Nasir Khan Khattak1,2, Amir Ali Khan1,2*, Sallam Hasan Abdallah2, Abeer Maher Fayyad1 and Khalid Bajou1,2
...ntiated to adipocytes. Finally, miR-22-3p was observed to suppress adipocytes and was involved in adipocyte differentiation through non-targeted MAPK pathway upregulation rather than AKT3-related processes.
...
Xinjian Wang1,2, Eryan Yang1,2 and Lizhi Zhou1,2*
...ll lake could be an alternative suitable foraging habitat for the wintering Tundra Swans when facing the habitat loss.
...
Ahmed Saud Alsaqufi1, Sheikh Mustafizur Rahman2,3*, Roshmon Thomas Mathew2, Yousef Ahmed Alkhamis1,2, Md. Moshiur Rahman3,4 and Muhammed Aslam Pathiri2
...d for phenotypic traits analysis. The results revealed that complete darkness (24D) significantly improved the overall growth parameters (total length, standard length, caudal peduncle length, anal fin length, caudal fin length, total body depth, dorsal fin length, pre dorsal distance, pre anal distance, pre ventral distance, head width, head length, eye diameter, maxillary barbell length,...
Hesham Saeed1*, Manal Abdel-Fattah1, Ahmad Eldoksh1, Farid S. Ataya2 and Manal Shalaby3
...scription-PCR. Sequence analysis of that gene showed a 564-bp encoding a protein of 187 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 21 kDa. Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) sequence analysis revealed that C. dromedarius IFNα gene shares high sequence identity with IFNα genes of other species, including C. ferus, Vicugna pacos, and Homo sapi...
Ali Ahmad1*, Zubair Aslam1, Korkmaz Bellitürk2, Naeem Iqbal3, Muhammad Idrees3, Muhammad Nawaz4, Muhammad Yasir Nawaz5, Muhammad Kashif Munir6, Ahmad Kamal1, Ehsan Ullah1, Muhammad Ahsan Jamil1, Yousuf Akram1, Tanveer Abbas1 and Muhammad Mohsin Aziz1
... good aeration, high drainage, good water holding capacity, microbial activity, superior in nutrient status and buffering capacity therefore having the amiable required physiochemical charms for fertility of soil and growth of plant. The worms increase the biological decomposition of organic substrates by maintaining the aerobic conditions of the organic substrates. Experiments on earthworms and the vermicast production by different species are also included i...
Arsalan Rasheed1, Tahir Usman2,*, Sadaf Niaz1, Irfan Khattak2, Saira Gul2, Nawab Ali1,Naimat Ullah Khan2, Hazrat Ali2, and Mian Saeed Sarwar2
...ext-align: justify;">Coronavirus has attracted a lot of attention due to its ability to cause fatal zoonotic infections. These are the zoonotic viruses of both medical and veterinary importance. The virus spread through respiratory droplets and causes diseases, ranging from colds to more serious illnesses: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, Severe Respiratory Syndrome, and Severe Respiratory Syndrome 2. The prevalence rate is...
Xiujun Yao1, Haofeng Wang 2, Ligong Zhang3, Jingzhang Wu4 and Lijun Wang1*
...that TGP could reduce urinary protein quantity, inhibit inflammatory response, and reduce expression of TGF-β1 and CTGF in kidney tissue of MsPGN rats.
...
Chaman Ara1*, Asmatullah1, Saima Hanif1, Shagufta Andleeb2, Beenish Zahid3 and Madeeha Arshad4
...uncture for biochemical analysis. Morphometric observations revealed significant decrease (P≤0.001) in body weight of mice in Al treated groups as compared to control but organs weight increased contrary to the body weight. Significant increase (P≤0.01-P≤0.001) was recorded in total alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in liver and u...
Frederic Ndihokubwayo and Atakan Koç
...g milking for the determination of fat content (FC, %), non-fat dry matter content (NFDMC, %) and somatic cell count (SCC, cell/ml). The means for BDS, TEHS, MMY, FC, NFDMC and Log10SCC were 3.30±0.048, 2.17 ± 0.038, 13.92 ± 0.315 kg, 3.58 ± 0.039%, 10.14 ± 0.032% and 5.22 ± 0.024 (165 958 cells/ml), respectively. The effects of farm and parity (P < 0.01) on BDS and the effects of farm (P < 0.01), parity (P < ...
Abdul Muhaimin Wahab1, Basit Zeshan2,*, Naveed Ahmed2, Muhammad Afzal2 and Muhammad Naveed2
... factors through questionnaire showed significant difference which were open house system and untreated water source. Other risk factors which includes small scale, not using probiotic and poor biosecurity were not significant enough in association to occurrence of C. jejuni. Based on the risk factors that have been identified, control measure to reduce the occurrence was; by changing the open housing system into close housing system, using treated wate...
Muhammad Junaid*, Musharaf Ahmad and Saifullah
Hira Soofi, Abdul Rasool Abbasi and Arifa Bhutto
... were dissected longitudinally, viscera put into petri dishes for examination of nematodes and were process through standard method of temporary slide. A new species, Contracaecum malhi, were identifed in having differential diagnostic characters such as body shape and size, shape of cephalic end and its structures, ventricular shape, spicule shape and size, numbers and arrangement of caudal papillae, posterior end with 3 re...
Salma Javed, Samreen Khan*, Nasira Kazi and Tabassum Ara Khanum
...ered from sewage and stagnant water with sediments from different location of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. In this study, two genera, Rhabditidoides and Butlerius and three species identified as Rhabditidoides stigmatus, Butlerius micans and Demaniella basili were recorded for the first time in Pakistan. The percentage occurrence of these genera was found as 50% each. These species were identified on the basis of morphological, as well as morphometric characters....
Zafar Ahmad Handoo1*, Mihail Radu Kantor1 and Ekramullah Khan2
...Pyrus communis L. from Sonamarg, Parasicagutter chitwoodi gen. n. sp. nov., from soil around roots of Pyrus malus L. in Pattan, Kochinema pahalgamiensis sp. nov., from soil around roots of Brassica oleraceae from Pahalgam, Kochinema kanganiensis sp. nov., from soil around roots of Lycopersicum esculentum Miller, in Kangan, Tylencholaimellus brassicus sp. nov., from the roots of Brassica oleraceae var. capitata L. in Pulwama, Tylencholaimus orientalis sp. nov.,...
J.Y. Bai1,*, R.T.D. Wu2,*, Q. Zhang2, D. Bao2, L.M. Dao2 and X.H. Tian3
...te markers were used to analyze the genetic polymorphism, genetic differentiation, gene flow and genetic distance of Alashan desert Bactrian camel, Alashan Gobi Bactrian camel, Sunite Bactrian camel and Qinghai Bactrian camel.The results indicated that the number of effective alleles of the four Bactrian camel varieties ranged from 2.7302 to 3.0524, and average theoretical heterozygosity and average polymorphic information content were 0.6283 and 0.5546, respe...
Fuhua Zhang, Yishuang Yu and Shibao Wu*
...="font-size: small;">Pregnancy diagnosis is critical to the management of captive breeding of wild animals, as accurate pregnancy diagnosis can improve the reproductive efficiency of captive animals. Pangolins do not show obvious morphological changes during pregnancy, which increases the difficulty of pregnancy diagno...
Naimat Ullah Khan1*, Muhammad Hassan Saleem2, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Nisar Ahmad2, Muhammad Shafee3, Ayesha Hassan2, Mumtaz Ali Khan2 and Nadeem Rashid3
...as done through conventional acid fast ZN staining. Prevalence in District Bannu was 48/480 (10%) followed by District Lakki Marwat12.08 % and in Kohat 19.16 %, respectively. Overall prevalence in three Districts was 13.75%. The highest month wise percent prevalence was recorded during July/August 25.83%, 26.66% with lowest in December 0.83%. On seasonal basis overall highest prevalence was during the summer season 21.87 %, ...
Saba Afzal1, Sohail Raza1,*, Masood Rabbani1, Sehrish Firyal2, Imran Altaf1 and Zahra Naeem1
...nst Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus (PPRV) in vitro. Firstly, cell cytotoxicity of ivermectin in the Vero cells was determined using MTT assay. The antiviral activity of ivermectin was determined using viral inhibition assays and median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50). The results showed that 2.5 µM concentration of the ivermectin is non-toxic to the Vero cells. At this concentration, PPRV titre was significantly reduced (p<...
Rida Haroon Durrani1*, Fareeha Akhtar1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1, Munazzah Maqbool1, Aleena Kokab1, Kiran Imtiaz2 and Muhammad Ilyas Riaz3
...ted from two different managemental systems. Statistical analysis revealed that temperature and seasonal variations alongside storage conditions affect not only the shelf-life of fish meat but also increase the spoilage microbiota population, hence, altering the quality profile of meat. Therefore, we can conclude that storage temperature is a crucial factor in determining the quality of fi...
Khurram Goraya1,*, Qais ALRawahi1, Sultan ALBalushi1, Hani ALSaadi1, Sami ALRahbi1, Zahir ALAlawi1, Muhammad Hammad Hussain2 and Madad Hussain1
...ed post-mortem (PM) examination to find out the potential cause of death. Fatal injuries caused by fighting were the major cause of deaths (n=17, 34%) followed by cyclone related deaths (n=10, 20%), pneumonia (n=8, 16%), old age (n=4, 8%), impaction of stomach caused by foreign bodies (n=3, 6%) and bloat (n=2, 4%). The exact cause of death could not be established in 5 (10%) mortalities. Internal organs were screened for the...
Aiguo Zhou1,2, Di Sun1,2,Shulin Liu 1,2, Yongyong Feng1,2, Yue Zhang3,
Yanfeng Chen4, Shaolin Xie1,2* and Jixing Zou1,2*
...which has a fast evolutionary rate. And thus, in the present study, investigation of genetic comparison was performed based on the complete sequences of mtDNA control region for “Bicolor” and “White” types of northern snakehead (Channa argus) due to an uncertain classification of them. Th...
Saqib Nawaz1, Sher Bahadar Khan1*, Umar Sadique1, Muhammad Israr2,
Mumtaz Ali Khan3, Hameed Ullah Khan4, Muhammad Irshad5, Ihsan Ali1 and Haq Aman Ullah1
...was isolation and determination of changes caused by Clostridium perfringens type D from sheep. For this purpose, a total of 272 fecal samples were collected from sheep and lambs from four different zones of district Peshawar. Isolates were morphologically, biochemically and molecularly confirmed through Gram staining, gelatin liquefaction test (GLT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. Out of total, 85 (31.3%) were positive for C. perf...
Junyan Bai1,2, Ren Tao Di Wu2, Le Ma Dao2, Di Bao2, Qiang Zhang2 and Xing Hua Tian3
....0 software was used to analyze the wool fineness of 1079 Alxa Bactrian camels. The results showed that the wool fineness of male camel was significantly higher than that of female camel (P < 0.05). At the age of 2-7, the fluff fineness of male and female camel increased with age, At the age of 8-10 years, the fluff fineness of male and female camel has no obvious change trend with the increase of age. The best regression equation of male camel’s wool...
Bushra Baig and Saeeda Yousaf*
...ck pepper and Neem were analyzed for identification of phytochemicals by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The result showed that Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Tannins, Terpenoids and Phenolic compounds were found both in Black pepper and Neem.Quantitative analysis indicated 21 active componentsin Black pepper which were dominated byCaryophyllene (32.3%), Delta-3-carene (18.7%) and Cine...
Imran Ullah Khan*, Noor Ul Amin, Sayyed Hamad Ahmad Shah, Maqsood Khan, Shehzad Ahmad and Syed Aizaz Ali Shah
...iment was performed in Ornamental Nursery at the Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during 2016. The experiment was laid out on Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement and replicated three times. Seedlings of Zinnia cultivars (Dahlia, Candy Cane, and Dream land) were tested against five different levels of humic acid (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 kg ha-1). Experimental data was collected on days to flowerin...
Syed Muhammad Aun Naqvi1, Sara Tahir1, Tanveer Ahmed2*, Huma Naz3, Amara Gilani4, Atif Liaqat5
...osition of meat and internal organs composition of freshwater fish Rita rita was measured in this study. Three variant weight scales including ≤350g (W1), 351-550g (W2) and 551-750g (W3) were selected. Among the weight groups, W1 revealed maximum values of percent moisture compared to the W2 and W3. Fish of the W3 weight group showed higher levels of crude protein and lipid percentage compared with W1 and W2. Highest ash (percentage) was measured in the gil...
Muhammad Yousif Jakhrai1, Ahmed Nawaz Tunio2, Ali Mujtaba Shah1*, Tarique Ahmed Khokhar1, Muhammad Mohsen Rahimoon1
...cted to induce epidural analgesia in small ruminants like caprine and ovine. The information was obtained from published papers of last twenty years via research gateways such as; PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. Small ruminant anesthesia, local anesthesia in ruminants and high epidural analgesia in sheep and goats w...
Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Hamid Bashir2, Shah Najaf Mukhtar1, Muhammad Arshad1, Nimra Altaf1
... record the population dynamics and identification of citrus mites during 2018. A total 37,963 mites specimens were collected in which nine species were identified from four families Cunaxa sp. (Cunaxidae); Amblyseious andersoni Chant, Euseius sp., Neoseiulus sp. (Phytoseiidae); Brevipalpus californicus Banks, B. phoenicis (Geijskes) (Tenuipalpidae), and Eutetranychus orientalis Klein, Pan...
Imrana Khushk1, Abdul Nabi Jatt2, Abdul Sattar Qureshi1*, Choudhary Haider Ali3, Muhammad Aqeel Bhutto1, Imran Ibrahim Khaskheli1, Sartar Iqbal Panhwer1
...g two major difficulties namely (pretreatment inhibitors and cost of cellulase enzyme). In the present study, long term evolutionary adaptation was evaluated for ethanol and lactic acid production to overcome the pretreatment inhibitors issue. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Angel was used for the production of ethanol, while, Bacillus coagulans, Pediococcus sp. and Lactobacillus sp. were used for lactic production, respectively. A...
Aioub Sofizadeh1, Ehsan Allah Kalteh2, Shahin Saeedi3, Mulood Mohammadi Bavani4*
...aining plastic bottle. Finally, the specimens were identified using a valid identification key. Distribution maps were prepared using ArcGIS (Ver 10.4.). A total of 111 scorpion samples were captured. All the samples belonged to the Buthidae family, including Mesobuthus eupeus (97.3%), Orthochirus farzanpayi (0.9%), and Mesobuthus caucasicus (1.8%). M. eupeus had the highest distribution and abundance in the region and was recognized as the leading cause of sc...
Jabeen Farheen1,2*, Simeen Mansoor1 and Maria Abid1
...reased. The macroscopic analysis manifested that allura red had 95% broken-ended extremely thin and transparent root tips at 1% concentration. In the microscopic analysis, FCAs induced eight different kinds of chromosomal aberrations in which allura red significantly induced the highest frequencies of abnormal prophase, sticky metaphase, c-mitosis, sticky anaphase, and laggard a
Attaullah Jan1*, Saleem Khan2, Iftikhar Alam1, Farzeen Khan3 and Muhammad Farooq4*
...stify;">This cross sectional study had two objectives: 1) to evaluate the nutritional status and nutrients intake of the study subject, and 2) to find out the association of nutrients intake with nutritional status. This Study was conducted in Bahlola, a rural Union Council of District Charsadda KPK. The study included 235 school-going children of both sex aged 5-10 years. A Pre-tested que...
Umar Farooq1, Muhammad Akmal1, Qadeer Ahmad2, Zahid Akram2, Adnan Arshad3, Huma Qamar4*, Hafeez Ullah5, Muhammad Zubair4 and Muhammad Rizwan Khurshid4
...ication of Mung bean (Vigna radiata). Application of Iron-enriched poultry manure at the rate of 8 mgkg-1 of dry soil weight gave higher Fe concentration (3.32 mgkg-1) in grains. The lowest concentration of Fe found in control treatment (2.15 mgkg-1). The results revealed that various Fe-enriched organic amendments increased crop growth and yield related attributes like number of pods per plant, plant height; seed yield per plant and improved the quality by in...
Shujaa Arshad1, Muhammad Umair1*, Rana Shahzad Noor1, Chaudhry Arslan2, Arslan Afzal1 and Zafar Islam3
... fulfilled with conventional cooling systems that use huge electric power and also these systems are not environment friendly. Therefore, it is needed to use alternate energy sources for cooling systems with environmentally friendly technologies. In this research, a small scale solar-driven desiccant cooling system was developed with 3 feet length, 2 feet width and 2 feet height and tested for local environmental conditions ...
Fayaz Ahmad, Noorullah Khan, Farrukh Siyar Hamid, Abdul Waheed, M. Abbas Khan, Imtiaz Ahmad, Shamsul Islam, Basharat Hussain Shah, Sohail Aslam and Qamar uz Zaman
...ursery farm of PARC-National Tea and High Value Crops Research Institute, Shinkiari, Mansehra, Pakistan during the years 2014-16 to assess genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean for various growth attributing traits of fifteen early flushing tea (Camellia sinensis L) clones. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replication and 100 plants per replication. Data were recorded on ...
Muhammad Adnan Islam1*, Zia-Ul-Haq2, Rana Shahzad Noor2, Matiullah Khan4, Muhammad Mohsin Ali1, Zulfiqar Ali3, Asif Ali Mirani3, Hafiz Sultan Mahmood1, Muzammil Husain1 and Badar Munir Khan Niazi1
...phosphate (DAP) conventionally applied to wheat by broadcast method before sowing crop. This is wasteful method of fertilizer application as only 15-20% of applied phosphate is utilized by the crop. To overcome the problems of phosphorus fixation, fertilizer band placement drill (FBPD) for wheat had been developed and its performance was evaluated at farmer’s fields. This drill places DAP fertilizer near the seed that is about 5 cm away and 5 cm deeper t...
Saima Naz1*, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha2, Saba Saeed1
...nitoring of metal contamination in fish species to ensure the sustainability of this food for human consumption.
...
Halil Erhan Eroglu
... Cervidae were detected, namely (i) karyotype formulae, (ii) symmetry/asymmetry index values (iii) karyotype types. According to the chromosomal data, two phylogenetic trees were formed. The phylogenetic trees were showed karyotypic relationships among the taxa.
Novelty Statement | This is the first report on karyotype asymmetry of Cervidae. Karyotypic relationships are useful to infer processes of ev...
Safia Bibi1, Saima Naz1*, Saba Saeed1, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha2
... different metals contaminating water.
Novelty Statement | Histopathological alterations in target fish organs functioned as fundamental indicator to assess metal toxicity in different fish species as it provides accurate data on effects of different contami-nants on fish. Hence, histopathology must be consider to monitor contamina
Mohammed Akinlabi Rufai1*, Abideen Akinkunmi Wahab2, Kamil Ayo Fasasi1, Quadri Olusegun Adeshina1 and Mary Tolulope Awotidebe1
...the armyworm is proportional to the concentration of the H. bacteriophora and duration of application. Statistical analysis conducted using analysis of variance indicated that there was no significant difference in the overall biocidal activities of H. bacteriophora at 5% confidence limit (F>0.05). Statistical test conducted on the data also supports the reliability of the data with a c...
Md. Alal Hossen1, Mohammad Amzad Hossain1*, A.K.M. Munzurul Hasan1,2, Bipresh Das1, Sohel Mian1, Mohammed Mahbub Iqbal1
...one to decreasing due to natural and anthropogenic changes. Information of induced breeding of this catfish and its embryonic development could contribute to database and conservation approach. The S-GnRHa dose optimization and embryonic-larval development study were conducted in a freshwater condition in order specify optimal dose of synthetic hormones in induced breeding. The synthetic GnRHa was used as induction agent where male injected half of the doses o...
Shapon Kumar Bashak1, Alok Kumar Paul1, Md. Akhtar Hossain1, Usman Atique2,3*, Sonia Iqbal3, Md. Najim Uddin1, Asrafi Mohammad Farhaduzzaman4, Md. Mojibar Rahman5, Md. Shahanul Islam6
...ean outcomes about the final body weight, net weight gain, specific growth rater (SGR), fish survival rate, and net yield. The final body weight varied significantly from 274.53 ± 1.93 in T3 to 349.40 ± 1.58 in T1, while the SGR difference was recorded from 0.45 ± 0.00 in T3 to 0.58 ± 0.01 in T1. However, the cuchia survival varied between 76.07 ± 0.75 in T3 to 85.14 ± 0.51 in T1 wit...
Muhammad Furqan1*, Zulfiqar Ali1, Usman Ali2, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad3, Bushra Nisar Khan1, Waqar Ahmed1, Zakir Hussain1, Mian Amman Ullah1, Nimra Afzal1 and Anjum Ara2
...ith a rich floral and faunal diversity. The Indian grey mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii Hilaire, 1818) is a small carnivore, controls the population of reptiles, ground birds, small mammals, insects, distributed in plain areas of Pakistan and southern AJ and K. The present study aimed to investigate conflict of Indian grey mongoose with human beings. Field surveys were conducted from April 2015-March 2016 in 18 localities of Mirpur, AJ and K. Human...
Imran Tarique1*, Muhammad Ghiasuddin Shah1, Illahi Bux Kalhoro1,
Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani2, Mansoor Tariq 2, Jamil Ahmed Gandahi1,
Saqib Ali Fazlani3 and Benazir Sahito3
...ology and micrometrical analysis in skin of different body regions (dewlap, abdomen, scrotum / udder and thigh) of young and adult of either sex of red Sindhi cattle (Bos indicus). Skin of red Sindhi cattle showed epidermis thickness rang of 41.1-50.13 µm and dermis thickness rang of 443.97-597.05 µm in all body regions and significant (P˂0.05) in age and sex group. The epidermis possessed strati...
Ayse Haligur* and Sema Ozkadif
...ssociation with people. Anatomical knowledge of the red fox is very poor and we aimed to investigate the branches of the plexus brachialis in the red fox. We used six male red foxes that were died in traffic accidents. The right plexus brachialis was formed by the cervical spine nerves, C6, C7, and C8, and the thoracic spine nerve, T1 of the rami ventralis in four animals, and between C5, C6, C7, C8, T1 and T2 in two animals. The right plexus had a regular app...
Tariq Mahmood1*, Luqman Ullah Khan1 and Muhammad Naeem2
...d abundance of the avifauna occurring at Manglot Wildlife Park, District Nowhere, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistanfrom September 2017 to July 2018. Data were collected fortnightly applying Point Count Method. Visits to the study area were made in the morning (6:30 am to 9:30 am) and in the evening (3:30 pm to 6:30 pm). Results showed a total of 51 bird species belonging to 10 orders and 27 families inhabiting the study area, including both summer and winter visito...
Yawang Sun, Yongjiang Wu, Jingbo Chen, Zili Wang, Juncai Chen, You Yang and Guozhong Dong*
...eductase 1, and hemeoxygenase 1 were significantly increased at the LPS concentrations of 12.5 and 100 ng/mL. Both Fanconi Anemia complementation group D2 protein and Fanconi Anemia complementation group L had significantly higher gene expression at 100 ng/mL LPS level. The protein expression of phosphorylated histone 2AX showed a linear rise in the range of LPS levels from 0 to 12.5 ng/mL, then significantly declined at 100 ng/mL LPS level. Oxidative stress a...
Xuhai Wang1,2, Xin Li1, Fangyuan Yuan1, Chaocheng Li1, Bin Jia1* and Song Jiang1*
...ic echinococcosis intestinal tissues, and they were differentially expressed in the intestine tissue between the resistant sheep and non-resistant sheep, more widely distributed in the resistant group. These results illustrated that miR-216b and IL2RB activated stronger immune response in the resistant sheep, compared with the non-resistant sheep, and participating in the T cell immune response.
...
Jen-Hong Chu1, Ya-Wen Lan2, Shyn-Shin Sheen3 and Angela Chien3*
....28 g Laevistrombus canarium. Five semi-purified diets containing 0% (L0), 2% (L2), 4% (L4), 6% (L6), and 12% (L12) lipids were formulated. Each diet was randomly assigned to three replicate groups of L. canarium larvae. The final weight, weight gain percentage and specific growth rate of L. canarium larvae fed with diets L6 and L12 ...
Muhammad Nawaz1*, Muhammad Dawood1, Kainat Javaid1, Muhammad Imran2, Fengliang Zhao3, Shahzadi Saima4 and Syed Tansir Hussain Shah2
...mans but to flora and fauna. Fluoride present in the soil, water or even in the atmosphere may adversely affect plants and ultimately cause serious negative consequences on the development, growth and maturity of crops. In this regard, this study was conducted to examine the possible health effect of fluoride pollution in the form of sodium fluoride on the growth and physiological parameters of cotton plant. The cotton plants were grown in the pots. Six differ...
Hafiz Basheer Ahmad1*, Sajida Habib2, Waqas Shafqat Chattha3, Rizwana Qamar2, Shazia Saeed2, Abdul Khaliq1 and Salsabeel Rauf2
... in field and data were analyzed by using multivariate analysis. The results revealed that the mean values of all traits except for days to 50% flowering of maintainer lines were higher than restorer lines. The principal component analysis for B-lines showed that first eigen value equals 2.77 and represented 39.57 % of the total variability while second eigenvalue equals 1.24 and showed 17...
Talat Farid Ahmed1*, Shamim-ul-Sibtain Shah1, Ashfaq Ahmed Sheikh2, Hashim Nisar Hashmi3, Muhammad Atiqullah Khan1 and Muhammad Azeem Afzal1
...an. The study presents management solution of Mithawan hill torrent flood water. The impact of constructing main dispersion distributor and management structures for equitable distribution in the Pachad area i.e. the plain area in the foot hills of Koh-e-Suleiman has been investigated. Management solution are proposed with design aspects without causing damages to prevailing infrastructure...
Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah1*, Muhamad Jan1, Azhar Hussain2, Shoaib Akhtar1, Hussain Nawaz1, Muhammad Afzal3 and Humara Umar1
... table olives i.e. Ascolana, BARI Zaitoon-1, Earlik, Gemlik, Hamdi, Hojiblanca, Manzanilla and Picual at Barani Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Chakwal. Eight olives varieties were evaluated for their growth and yield under Pothwar region of Punjab, Pakistan. The trial was conducted with experimental design following randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replications. The results exhibited morphological trait differences among the olive v...
Muhammad Afnan Rabbi, Iqtidar Hussain*, Ejaz Ahmed, Muhammad Saad and Aitezaz Ali Asad Shahani
... of N and P2O5 with combination of exogenous application of naphthalene acetic acid levels in late sown wheat in agro climatic conditions of Dera Ismail Khan, KP., Pakistan. Data registered on agronomic parameters i.e. plant height (cm), spike weight (g), spike length (cm), number of tillers, weight of 1000 grains (g), number of grains spike-1, biological yield (kg ha-1), yield of grain (kg ha-1), yield of straw (kg ha-1), p...
Syed Ismat Hussain1, Muhammad Ramzan Asi1, Habbib Anwar1, Faqeer Ahmad1, Ateeq ur Rehman2*, Muhammad Shahid3, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi2*, Ummad ud Din Umar2, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4, Memuna Ijaz1 and Hafiz Usman Shakir1
...iene-1-yl-Acetate] impregnated ropes by using PB rope L dispensers at @ 100/acre, at first pin square stage to cause mating disruption. Performance comparison of control fields compared to PB rope treated fields was assessed throughout cropping period in different ecological zones using Analysis of Variance and Tukey multiple comparison means tests indicated a 95 % reduction in moth trap catches from July to October, in all ...
Qaiser Shakeel1*, Rabia Tahir Bajwa1, Yasir Iftikhar2, Mustansar Mubeen2, Muhammad Luqman3, Waqas Ashraf1 and Ifrah Rashid4
...ere performed for determination of antifungal activity against Penicillium digitatum, a plant pathogenic fungi responsible for ginger soft rot. Petri dish were used to conduct bioassay through poisoned food technique with triplicates. The crude extract of all the plants showed a better inhibitory effects on the pathogen’s (P. digitatum) mycelial growth rather than fungicides. Among all the plant extracts, the best result was showed by garlic extract with...
Arjun Bastola1*, Sachet Subedi2 and Malatee Bastola3
...utes of maize, open pollinated varieties and hybrids were compared to the local varieties in Nepal, as the adoptability of these cultivars will cause variations in maize productivity. A total of 10 maize genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications during summer season 2019 in Chitwan, Nepal. Out of 10 maize genotypes, 8 (TX-369, CP-808, Pioneer-3396, Rajkumar, JKMH 502, Shresta NMH-731, CP-666, CP-858) were from inter
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1 and Nasir Ali Tauqir2
...daries reared in traditional system. A total of 12 (equal males and females) Marecha camels housed in half-open pens were studied. They were fed gram straw adlibitum with 8 to 10 hours grazing/browsing along with twice watering on daily basis. In hair minerals analyses, the levels of minerals including calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, iron and manganese were determined via standard lab procedures. Data collected was a
Imtiaz Ahmed*, Naveed Ahmed, Abdul Waheed, Muhammad Abbass Khan, Noorullah Khan and Fayyaz Ahmed
...s conducted at PARC-National Tea and High Value Crops Research Institute, Shinkiari, Mansehra, Pakistan during the months of April-September, 2019. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement having three replications. There were 45 plants in each replication. The treatments comprises of two growing methods i.e. vertical growing method and horizontal method which was assigned to the main-plot and two direc...
Mahwish Munawar1, Xu Shiwei1, Yu Wen1 and Muhammad Luqman2*
...a household to deal with natural, economic, and social shocks depend upon available resources and capabilities. Families belonging to different vicinities and socio-economic groups have different earning and utilising earnings to fulfil their basic needs. Households need various interventions for well-being. While keeping in view the situation, this study planned to deepen insight into rural households’ food consumption system. Food consumption score and...
Muhammad Adnan Fahad1, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Sheraz Ahmed2* and Imtiaz Ali2
...productivity and water management practices using questionnaire proforma. The losses in five improved watercourses (lined sections) were 9, 28, 5, 11 and 20% per 1000 meter, respectively while that of unlined sections of the same watercourses were 23, 30, 50 and 21 % per 1000 m, respectively. Losses in unimproved watercourses were 27, 62, 55, 55 and 40 % per 1000 m, respectively. The conveyance efficiencies of five improved ...
Muhammad Fiyyaz1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Aftab2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Sher Muhammad3, Muhammad Latif4, Ayesha Zafar1, Imran Shehzad1, Sarfraz Hussain5, Aneela Riaz6 and Abid Niaz2
...g in view the current scenario of country, this experiment was conducted. Experiment contained 11 treatments applied under completely randomized design (CRD) included, T1 = chemical fertilizers at recommended rate, T2 = chemical fertilizers at half recommended rate, T3 = poultry dung at the rate of 5 t ha-1, T4 = poultry dung at the rate of 7.5 t ha-1, T5 = poultry dung at the rate of 10 t ha-1, T6 = T1 + T3, T7 = T1 + T4, T8 = T1 + T5, T9 = T2 + T3, T10 = T2 ...
Taqi Raza1*, Kashif Nazir Qureshi2, Shakeel Imran2, Neal Samuel Eash3 and Imma Bortone4
...ndustrialization. Irrational use of this water for irrigation has caused environmental and health issues. The objective of the current study is to evaluate the treated effluents of textile, ghee and chemical industries for major heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb and Fe) and other basic analysis (pH, EC, TSS and TDS). Effluent samples were collected from the discharge of industries entering into main wastewater collecting channel ...
Muhammad Fiyyaz1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Aftab2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Sarfraz Hussain3, Ayesha Zafar1, Imran Shehzad1 and Aneela Riaz4
...aize plants. Laboratory analysis for collected soil samples was carried out. Data were statistically analyzed. Results indicated that treatment (T8) produce maximum plant height (115.0 cm), biomass (64.34 g) and root length (27.083 cm) of maize. Organic matter content (1.78 %), phosphorus (16.67 ppm) and potassium (213.0 ppm) concentration in soil was also increased in this treatment....
Iqra Muzammil1, Muhammad Ijaz Saleem1, Amjad Islam Aqib2,*, Ambreen Ashar3, Syed Ashar Mahfooz1, Sajjad ur Rahman4, Muhammad Shoaib4, Muhammad Aamir Naseer1, Imran Khan Sohrani1, Javeed Ahmad1, Razaullah Saqi1, Fizzah Laeeq Lodhi1 and
Qaisar Tanveer5
...ies is at risk of contamination with pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The current study was designed to investigate prevalence of pathogenic strains of S. aureus, assessment of risk factors, and in-vitro antibiogram of non-biofilm producing S. aureus (nbpSA) and biofilm positive S. aureus (bpSA)from mastitic goats. The purposive sampling technique was applied to collect n=200 milk samples from different regions of...
Yahong Guo1,3, Zeqin Fu1,3, Jiantong Feng1,3, Chengrui Yan1,3, Yingying Ye1,3*, Kaida Xu2 and Baoying Guo1,3
... species in Southeast China Sea, and excellent growth characteristics. For mussel breeding, farmers use wild individuals to multiply the cultured populations. However, blind selection of wild parents has inevitably resulted in inbreeding and decreased genetic variation. In this study, four wild specimens groups (ZSW, WZW, NNW, and FZW) and four cultured specimens groups (ZSC, WZC, NDC, and FZC) of M. unguiculatus were used to an...
Muhamamd Rizwan1*, Muhammad Arshad2, Muhammad Kashif3, Aneela Zameer Durrani4, Asghar Abbas5, Tanveer Ahmad6, Muhammad Nadeem7 , Kinza Khan8
...ISPR Cas system is sustainable to combate with the mutation developed in viral genome that help viruses to escape from bacterial CRISPR Cas based immune system. CRISPR Cas system is a molecular mechanism of prokaryotic microorganism. It acts as bacterial natural adaptive immune system against phages, plasmids and foreign genomic elements. Mostly prokaryotes uses their CRIPR Cas system to enhance the integrity of their cell m...
Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar*, Sania Waliat, Shafaat Yar Khan, Naila Amjad
...he effective and quick management of this pest but it has developed resistance against various insecticides in many countries of the world. This study was designed to check the resistance in M. domestica against selected insecticides from Bhalwal as no previous work has been reported from this area. Flies were collected from two different localities i.e., location 1 (L1) was Chak 07 SB Bhalwal (32°14’52.3”N 72°55’25.5”E) and loc...
Saima Maher1,3*, Shahina Fayyaz2, Nadra Naheed3 and Zarbakth Dar1
...uents of V. album have a natural potential to use as nematicides and introduction in eco-friendly management strategies....
Allah Bakhsh1, Attiq Akhtar1*, Fiaz Hussain1 and Shabbir Ahmed2
...val (FZLR) is a canopy management technique that provides a cost-effective and high-quality grape yield. In order to boost grape quality and minimize disease incidence in the King’s Ruby variety, FZLR was used for two seasons in a row. Total leaf removal was used before bloom, during full bloom, and four weeks after bloom, and was compared to an untreated control (non-defoliated). In all leaf removal treatments, titratable acidity and bunch rot incidence...
Suman Bhattarai1*, Subodh Raj Pandey2, Jaya Prakash Dutta3, Meghnath Timalsena4 and Rajendra Bam5
...o investigate the determinants and resource use efficiency of honey production at Chitwan, Nepal. The information was primarily collected through 60 Apis mellifera beekeepers registered in bee zone, Chitwan. They were selected for interview by simple random sampling technique. Interview using semi-structured questionnaire schedule was carried out for primary data. Cobb Douglas production function, multiple regression, and pa...
Muhammad Suhail Ibrahim1*, Asif Ahmad1, Anwaar Ahmed1, Amer Mumtaz2, Muhammad Javaid Asad3, Saqib Jabbar2, Ahmad Mujtaba1 and Muhammad Nadeem4
...zardous agents or contaminants present in food that can cause food-borne illness. These extraneous agents are causing morbidity and mortality. Contamination of food by various agents includes physical, chemical, and microbiological. Food safety ensures that what we eat, chew, or drink is safe for human health. The whole food chain should be monitored right from production to consumption. The public health burden of developin...
Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-us-Sabah1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Aftab2, Abdul Moeez1, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Aneela Riaz3
Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-Us-Sabah1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Aftab2, Abdul Moeez1, Humaira Ramzan1, Mudassar Hafeez1, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Aneela Riaz3, Sher Muhammad4 and Muhammad Latif4
...ral country with massive natural resources. Rice is among few of the vital crops in Pakistan in terms of production, consumption, area under growth and export. Silicon (Si) is ranked second by its presence in soil. Si has not yet been classified as a essential nutrient for plants; although it has shown to be beneficial for plant development. Crop production is seriously affected by salinity worldwide. This research was performed in the research zone of Departm...
Qudsia Nazir1, Muhammad Aftab1*, Ghulam Sarwar2, Aneela Riaz3, Sarfraz Hussain1, Ifra Saleem1, Amina Kalsom1, Noor-Us-Sabah2, Mukkram Ali Tahir2, Ateeq-ur-Rehman4 and Muhammad Arif1
...heap source of Zn) impregnated urea for rice may enhance grains (paddy) yield. Three types of urea were prepared including Zn coated, bio-activated Zn coated and Zn blended urea at the 1.5% rate of formulate. The bio-activated Zn coated urea was prepared by inoculating the powdered organic material with Zinc solubilizing bacterium and then this material was mixed with ZnO. This bio-active Zn was coated on urea at 1.5% rates to formulate. Moreover, Zn blended u...
Muhammad Rafique1, Inam Ul Haq1*, Humara Umar2, Muhammad Jan2 and Muhammad Azhar Iqbal2
...rder to ensure the sustainability of olive orchard development in Pakistan, a research trial was conducted to improve the rooting ability of olive cuttings to strengthen the local olive nursery setup. A practical problem is that the commercial production of potentially important olive cultivars is limited by poor rooting. Therefore, this research was designed to evaluate the stimulatory effect of indole butyric acid (IBA) treatment durations for 5, 10, 15, 20,...
Hajira Nur-ul-Islam1, Ahmed Zia2*, Khurshaid Khan1, Hirad Ali3 and Abdul Aziz3
...ded to the Anisoptera fauna of Pakistan by reporting it from district Swabi of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Out of 33 sampling sites, specimens of S. hypomelas were found from a single locality of the district. Identification of the specimens was done at National Insect Museum, Islamabad. Detailed description including synonyms, differential characters for the species, previous global records, habitat description, measuremen...
Muhammad Ahsan1*, Aneela Ramzan1, Muhammad Nafees1, Adnan Younis2, Muhammad Amin1, Gulzar Akhtar3, Khansa Saleem1 and Azka Sabeeh1
...acid (IAA) (T5) and combination of all solutions with sugar. These treatments were compared with tap water (T0). There were four plants in each treatment with three replications which were arranged according to completely randomized design (CRD) under room temperature. The results showed that maximum fresh weight (g) was obtained in T4 (acetic acid), flower head diameter (mm) and flower color was ideal under T3 (salicylic acid). Maximum dry weight (g), highest...
Alim-un-Nisa1*, Sajila Hina1, Imran Kalim1, Mohammad Khalid Saeed1, Ijaz Ahmad1, Naseem Zahra1, Sania Mazhar1, Shahid Masood1, Muhammad Ashraf1, Qurat-ul-Ain Syed1 and Rabia Shad2
...s an excellent source of natural red colorant. In the present work red beet root dye was prepared in the powder form and then candies were prepared using this red beet root dye as food color. The stability studies of both, the prepared red beet dye and candies were performed at different storage conditions 4oC, 25oC, 45oC for eight weeks. Betanin content (%) was measured to evaluate the stability of color which showed the maximum retention of betanin content i...
Muhammad Shakil Ahmad1*, Muhammad Afzal1, Sylvain Nafiba Ouedraogo2 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1
...ivars Lady Rosetta, Cardinal, Ajax, Kuroda and Sante exhibited intermediate values. Minimum feeding preference and susceptibility to S. litura was shown by the native potato cultivars Faisalabad Red and Faisalabad White with minimum food consumption, larval weight gain, RGR, RCR and ECI values, and hence are recommended to indigenous potato growers for commercial cultivation in areas where S. litura threatens potato crop.
Mohammad Tariq Aziz* and Ayesha Khan
...r of District Charsadda, namely Hajizai, Katozai and Battagram. Through Proportional Allocation Technique a sample of 112 respondents on basis of 10% of total 1120 registered farmers was drawn to collect primary data through pre-tested and well-structured interview schedule. Collected data was analysized using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results show that 42% of the res...
Habiba ur Rehman, Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar and Waqas Raza
...d by Macrophomin phaseolina under greenhouse conditions. The treatments viz. Success, Nativo and Control with the concentrations of 2, 4 and 6mM were used with three replications under completely randomized design in greenhouse conditions. Nativo had given the most significant results in all studied traits as compared to all other treatments at the concentration of 6mM. The results showed that Nativo exhibited the maximum germina
Chala Hailu Hussen and Fikiru Temesgen Geleta
...the 1960s around traditional export commodities such as coffee, cotton and cocoa. Thus, this study was initiated to describe socio-economic factors of cluster crop producers, challenges of cluster crop production, and examine factors affecting smallholder farmers’ participation decision in cluster crop production. By employing two-stage sampling techniques, data was collected from 160 farm households of selected Western Shewa zone districts,
Amjed Ali1, Kamran Arooj1, Bilal Ahmad Khan1*, Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Muhammad Imran1,2, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Muhammad Mohsin Amin1, Amir Aziz3 and Muhammad Fraz Ali4
Maqsood Ahmad1, Muhammad Umer Chattha1, Imran Khan1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha2*, Faqir Hussain Anjum3, Sadia Afzal4, Muhammad Faran1, Fiaz Hussain3, Muhammad Talha Aslam1, Abdul Jabbar5, Muhammad Sultan Ali Bazmi5, Mahnoor Mehmood6 and Muhammad Umair Hassan1
...rowth, development and final production. Similarly, suitable cultivar also plays an appreciable role in final productivity. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of variable sowing dates and cultivars on the growth and productivity of mungbean. The study was conducted in RCBD with a split arrangement having three replications at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. The e...
Khan Tamoor1*, Hafsa1 and Hanif Maryam2
...of four indigenous medicinal plants viz., Ferula oopoda, Zataria multiflora, Achillea santolina and Nepeta cateria against Meloidogyne incognita at banana orchards of District Lasbela, Balochistan, Pakistan. Crude extracts, essential oils and fixed oil of these selected plants were tested separately. The crude extracts of Z. multiflora and F. oopoda show...
Muhammad Waqas1*, Muhammad Shoaib2, Muhammad Saifullah1, Adila Naseem4, Sarfraz Hashim1, Farrukh Ehsan1, Irfan Ali3 and Alamgir Khan1
...cision Tree and conventional Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks (MLPNN) are used for predicting streamflow of Jhelum River basin. The dataset was divided into two sections, i.e., training dataset (1971-2000); and testing dataset (2001-12). The tendency investigation was done by the Sen’s slope and Mann–Kendall (MK). Decreasing trends annually and seasonally found in MK and Sen’s Slope tests. The highest ...
Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Sana Majeed1, Muhammad Arshad1, Nimra Altaf1, Muhammad Luqman2, Asad Abdullah1 and Muhammad Afzal3
...sed in integrated pest management for various insect pests. Here we tested the effect of emamectin benzoate 1.9% EC alone and with botanicals; Parthenium hysterophorus L. and Moringa oleifera L. on the digestibility indices and survival of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The P. hysterophorus extract at 50 mg concentration was comparable to the alone application of emamectin benzoate in terms of reduced digestibility and survival of S. l...
Sadaf Aslam1*, Abdul Majid Khan1 and Muhammad Akhtar2
...nd complex infolding of enamel surfaces. The described material consists of isolated molars. This discovery will provide a new insight to understand the diversity and geographic distribution of Siwalik Suids.
...
Zhi Wang1*, Wenhua Liu2 and FadaoTai3
...imal bred in a simulated natural environment, activity patterns and time budgets were investigated. The results showed that the species was clearly nocturnal but varied greatly in the number of daily activity bouts showing bimodal patterns in winter, trimodal patterns in spring and summer, even tetramodal patterns in autumn. It is possible that they are the most active in autumn and they reduce activity times per bout in win...
Bin Liu1,2, Libo Wang2, Dandan Xue2, Peng Xu1, Yuting An2 and Changhu Lu1*
...r Cyanoptila cyanomelana at a migration corridor in Yancheng, Jiangsu, China, in 2017. A total of 121 individuals were captured in mist nets, 62 in spring and 59 in autumn. We found that adult males were caught significantly earlier than females in both seasons (Mann-Whitney U test, spring, P = 0.012; autumn, P=0.019), but the migration timing of immature birds was much the same as adults of the s...
Amreen Zahra1, Mushtaq A. Saleem1*, Hasnain Javed2, Muhammad Azmat Ullah Khan3, Muhammad Naveed1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori4
...i> and in-silico analyses were performed on HIV-1 from isolates of the Punjab area of Pakistan. The main objective in the current study was to study the hypervirulence of SNPs in the Gag-Pol proteins by molecular modeling approaches. Mutational analysis in our study revealed S61A, S61M, S61Y, S61G, S61Q and M90L as the most hypervirulent mutations. This induces a selection pressure ...
Sajid Ali1, Muhammad Avais1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Kamran Ashraf2, Saira Jabeen1, Sajid Hameed3, Muhammad Awais1, Jawaria Ali Khan1 and Imtiaz Ahmad4
...k factors, and improve management practices related to cows, environment and facility design.
...
Guangyu Wang, Xu Tian, Lintao Liu, Junyang Liu, Bo Zhang and Jingming Dong*
...e: small;">Sodium hyaluronate are used to reduce pain and improve function in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and in traditional Chinese medicine, Shujin Huoxue Tablets (SJHXT) is known to be a useful medicine for KOA. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of SJHXT combined with sodium hyaluronate on synovial inflammation in a patients with KOA. A total of 180 patien...
Rahat Rukhsana1, Shahnaz Rashid2, Asma Fatima2, Owais Iqbal Khan3, Syed Babar Hussain Shah4, Mumtaz Ali4 and Ghulam Abbas2*
...ed from these farms and analyzed for contents of ammonia, alkalinity, temperature, nitrate, salinity, nitrite, pH, total hardness, dissolved oxygen (DO), chlorophyll-a and phytoplankton-density during the period from March, 2015 to June, 2016. The chlorophyll-a concentration was determined by using the acetone extraction technique. Ponds water sample (50 liters) was filtered through plankton net of 20 µm pore size and preserved in 4% formaldehyde for the...
Mian Muhammad Arif* and Malik Muhammad Shafi
...cs was used for general analysis, while budgetary technique was used for profitability analysis. Ordinary Leased Square (OLS) technique was employed to find the effect of different inputs on profit of broiler poultry farms. The ANOVA tool was used to know the variations in cost, revenue and profit of various size of commercial broiler poultry farms. Due to wide spread variations in cost an...
Fazal Subhan1,2, Abdul Malik1, Zia Ul Haq1 and Tariq Mahmood Khalil1,3*
...igation techniques; alternate furrow irrigation (AFI), fixed furrow irrigation (FFI), and conventional furrow irrigation (CFI) techniques with three levels of irrigation; full irrigation, 80% of full irrigation (DI20), and 60% of full irrigation (DI40) were carried out in randomized complete block design (CRBD) with three replications. Crop water requirement was calculated using CropWat software. Total four irrigations were ...
Wajid Habib1, Saira Rasul2* and Hafiza Sadaf Zahra3
...;">This study focuses on nature as well as the volatility of price determinants in Pakistan. The aim of this study is to investigate the causes of agriculture commodities and food products in Pakistan for selected commodities data ranging from June 1983 to June 2018. Data were collected from different sources including IMF (International Monetary Fund), ...
Kiran Shahjeer1*, Gauhar Rehman1, Khurshaid Khan1 and Toheed Iqbal2
...;">A study on the ant fauna of north-western part comprising of the hilly colder mountains in the North to the Dry hot plains in the South of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan was conducted during 2017-2020. Area was surveyed and collection of worker ants from the area was hired by using pitfall traps, aspirator and hand picking with the help of forceps. The study revealed that three species belonging to genus Lepisiota as a major outcome of this t...
Rabia Iqbal and Muhammad Naeem *
... study was conducted to analyze the impact of varying levels of plant based protein diets (15%, 20%, and 25% crude protein) prepared from cheaper plant proteins, to keep minimum use of fish meal, on growth performance, survival and production of hybrid fry (Labeo rohita♀ x Catla catla ♂). The hybrid fry of mean 1.05±0.08 g body weight and 4.36±0.40 cm mean length were acclimatized and transferred to 8 X 6 X 3 ft. hapas. Fry were fed with fish...
Sajid Ali, Shahen Shah* and Muhammad Arif
...ke not only affect the final yield but also decrease their harvestable levels in the wheat grains. The research trials were conducted for two consecutive years (2016-17 and 2017-18) on the foliar supply of Zn and Fe to wheat at different growth stages in the Agronomy Research Farm, the University of Agriculture, Peshawar - Pakistan. Four Zn levels (0, 1, 2, and 3 kg ha-1) and four Fe levels (0, 2, 4, and 6 kg ha-1) at three growth stages (i.e. foliar applicati...
Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar1, Fahad Nazir Khoso1*, Imran Khatri1, Niaz Hussain Khuhro2 and Arfan Ahmed Gilal1
...pecially cucurbits. To manage this notorious pest, the experiments were designed to evaluate the most effective method of pest control. The field experiments in bottle gourd, sponge gourd, Indian squash and bitter gourd were designed in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) having 16 treatments with 5 replications each. Basically, there were five treatments; T1= Untreated control, T2 = Spinosad (Tracer), T3= Cue-lure, T4= Protein hydrolysate, T5 = Trybliogra...
Summara Abbasi* and Khalid Nawab
...nt contribution to sustainable rural livelihoods. For this purpose, the present research was conducted to determine the socio-economic factors that influence the rural milk producers in the adoption of dairy technology. A survey was carried out in district Muzaffarabad of Azad Jammu and Kashmir by selecting 8 villages purposively, based on the average number of livestock population i.e 2-3 heads per household, for dairy production. A structured and pretested i...
Misbah Ali1, Safdar Ali1, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan2*, Rana Binyamin3, Nadeem Ahmed4, Muhammad Usman Ghani5 and Awais Ahmed Khan2
...tration is the best to manage red leaf spot disease severity under field conditions....
Weenghar Ali Chandio1, Tajnees Pirzada1*, Abdul Majid2 and Farzana Rashid3
... growth. HA was conventionally extracted from soil sample of agriculture lands of Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan by International Humic Substance Society method and confirmed by UV-Visible spectroscopy and characterized by spectral features obtained by using different techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fi
Mehnaz Safdar1, Urooba Pervaiz1* and Dawood Jan2
...akistan. Three districts namely Bannu, Swabi and Swat from KP were purposively selected and a sample size of 384 women farmers were selected through multistage sampling technique. Descriptive analysis revealed that 305 women farmers were involved in rearing poultry. A 5 point Likert scale was used, showed that women farmers had various constraints out of which Pardah, mobility and lack of information source were ranked on to...
Shahinshah Khan1*, Aijaz Ali Khooharo1, Zaheeruddin Mirani1 and Velo Suthar2
...ed sources of five crops namely wheat, cotton, rice, onion and tomato were recorded. Survey findings further revealed that informal sector (own, neighbor, and landlord) was common source of seed for wheat (62.3%) and onion growers (64.2%). On the Other hand, formal sources (seed companies and dealers) were common source of seed for cotton (97.7%); rice (92.2%); and tomato (100%) growers. Very negligible contribution of public sector was observed for the supply...
Maria Qibtia1, Muhammad Wasim1, Farzana Chowdhary1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Sehrish Faryal1, Ahmed Mansouri2, Zeeshan Ahmad2, Muhammad Hamid3 and Ali Raza Awan1,*
...jects provide the mutational variants of the LCT-gene in the region of Pakistan. This is a major step in clinical management and accurate genetic counseling of the pre-symptomatic diagnosis of LNP. Among the six novel mutations found, mutation XI was found in all of the LNP subjects and was absent in the lactose persistent group. This study, for the first time, focuses on molecular ana<...
Assefa Tessema Tecklie1*, Abebe Getahun Gubale1, Seyoum Mengistou Yilma1, Tadesse Fetahi Hailu1 and Eshete Dejen Diresilign2
...s for structured questionnaires. In addition to this, 30 fish traders and 8 fish hotel owners specialized in fish dish were used as key informants. The average age of fishermen was around 36 which were in active force age group (< 65 years). Most (97%) of the fishermen used gillnets imported from Egypt with mesh size of 4-6 cm stretched mesh size < 8 cm which is the national standard...
Shuang Yang1,2, Huiting Zhao3, Xuewen Zhang2, Kai Xu1, Lina Guo1, Yali Du1 and Yusuo Jiang1,*
...leria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758), is a notorious pest of honey bee colonies that has negatively affected the global apicultural industry. Olfactory cues influence the behavior of wax moth, where males attract females, making them an ideal candidate for pheromone studies. However, the molecular mechanism of chemoreception in G. mellonella pertaining to sex pheromone recognition has not been elucidated. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was con...
Muhammad Qaddafi Khan Wali, Arif Alam* and Ikram Shah
...ing a structured questionnaire as a tool for collecting data and used for various factors responsible for food security status and the affect they have on food security at the household level. We used binary regression analysis to identify factors affecting food security in the target area. This investigation discloses that 90 % of the sampled households are suffering from food insecurity....
Aly Khan1*, Shagufta Ambreen Sheikh2, Khalil Ahmed Khanzada1, Syed Shahid Shaukat3 and Javaid Akhtar1
...tion of two nematicides, namely Turtob-F (a new nematicide) and carbofuran on 3 nematode populations and two bacteria associated with the rhizosphere of brinjal. The effect of the nematicides was observed on the population size of the selected nematodes and bacteria as well as the yield of brinjal crop. All three nematode populations were markedly reduced by the applied nematicides. The bacterial populations (Pseudomonas and...
Md. Mukthar Mia1 and Mahamudul Hasan2*
..., and fatal gastrointestinal viral disease that fundamentally transforms the pups and collapses the body’s posthaste branching organs, such as bone marrow, lymph node, and the flimsy cell of the intestine, causing bloody diarrhea amidst a high mortality and morbidity rate. CPV is distributed in the family Parvoviridae beneath the subfamily Parvovirinae that pertains to the genus Protoparvoviorus with a high genomic rep...
Sagir Hussain*, Qamar Abbas, Abdur Razzaq and Sher Wali Khan
...nt-parasitic nematode fauna from Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, four cyst nematode species viz., Heterodera avenae Wollenweber, 1924; H. mani Mathews,1971; H. schachtii Schmidt, 1871 and H. zeae Koshy, Swarup and Sethi, 1971 were detected from all four districts....
Muhammad Tariq Mahmood1*, Muhmmad Akhtar2, Kaiser Latif Cheema2, Mushtaq Ahmad1, Muhammad Jahanzaib Khalid2, Afzal Zahid2, Muhammad Kashif3 and Zeshan Ali4
...ot and mega environment analysis were employed to identify the most stable and high yielding chickpea advance strains. GGE biplot among PC1 and PC2 illustrated that G-10 (K-15019) was ideal genotype performing best across the environments. Higher yield potential coupled with more yield stability across all test environments was recorded in G-10 (K-15019) followed by G-2 (CH47/12), G-12 (K-15001), G-15(CH66/10) and G-16(CH53/12). Mega environment a
Amar Iqbal Saqib, Khalil Ahmed*, Muhammad Khalid Bhatti, Ghulam Qadir, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz, Muhammad Ashfaq Anjum, Abdul Rasul Naseem, Aftab Ahmad Sheikh and Belqees Akhter
...medial strategies, 1). canal water, 2) saline-sodic tube well water (continuous), 3) three irrigations of tube well water and two of canal water in a cyclic manner (short cyclic use), 4) tube well water + gypsum @ RSC of water, 5) tube well water+ canal water in 1:1 ratio (conjunctive use). Data showed that the highest biomass and paddy/grain yield were produced by ca...
Ayaz Ahmed* and Muhammad Zulfiqar
...ffects of Joint Forest Management (JFM) on livelihood of local communities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Purposively three forest divisions had been selected namely Swat, Kalam and Siran of Malakand and Hazara forest regions. The study based on cross sectional data. Data were collected from 321 randomly selected households in three JFM (experimental group) and nearby three non-JFM (cont...
Arshad Khan1, Mohammad Ihsan1, Mohammad Nisar1, Ali Hazrat1*, Murad Ali3, Rashid Ul-Haq3, Khalid Khan2, Karishma Gul1 and Shah Faisal1
...5 g per plant. SDS-PAGE analyses of total seed storage protein resulted in a total of 18 polymorphic bands. Total genetic diversity on the basis of total seed storage protein analysis was 17.5%. In Band, the 14 total genetic diversity was (0.60%) followed by Band 16 (0.58%) and Band 17 (0.55%). Similarly, Band 3 showed diversity, while Band 8, 4 and 5 indicated 0.45, 0.38 and 0.35%, respectively. A cluster dendrogram tree wa...
Shaista Shafi* and Amjad Farooq
...brassica species (B. carinata, B. rapa, B. napus and B. juncea) were seeded from October to November at different dates (Octo 20, Nov 05, Nov 20) in RCBD design (Randomized Complete Block Design) with standard cultivation procedures to detect the effect of sowing date on Brevicoryne brassicae population. Data were noted weekly and evaluated statistically. The ANOVA revealed highly significant effects of drill dates and speci...
Tahseen Ullah* and Noorul Amin
...at is an important medicinal plant. An investigation to find out the effect of rooting hormones and types of stem cutting on the rooting of Berberis (Berberis lycium L.) was conducted at Horticulture Research Institute, National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan during the year 2016-2018. The experiment was laid out in Complete Randomized Design, with two factors i.e. three different level of indole butyric ac...
Muhammad Sarfraz1*, Muhammad Amjad Qureshi2, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3, Shahzada Munawar Mehdi4, Abdul Rasool Naseem1, Sarfraz Hussain1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1 and Muhammad Rizwan1
...crops with appropriate management viz. chemicals like gypsum, H2SO4, calcium chloride, sulfur or organic additions like manures, muds, biogas slurry, composts etc. The marginal soils irrigated with saline water have deteriorated physical properties were improved with inorganic and organic amendments. Field studies were conducted at Kot Murad (district Hafizabad) to evaluate the different mana<...
Gulnaz Parveen1*, Naila Mukhtar2, Shumaila Irum3 and Nain Bukhari4
... the present study, Alternaria alternata, Alternaria, Rhizopus, Mucor, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Cladosporium, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium moniliforme, Drechslera, Penicillium, and Geotrichum candidum were identified among various vegetables including potato, carrot, okra, eggplant, turnip, cucumber, round gourd, cauliflower, and chilli. These losses result in about a 30% reduc...
Samra Aftab1, Saleem Ullah1 and Farida Anjum2*
Hussan Ara Begum1, Muhammad Hamayun1, Noor Shad1, Waqar Khan3, Jawad Ahmad1, Muhammad Ezaz Hasan Khan2, David Aaron Jones2 and Kishwar Ali2*
... of UV radiation on germination, growth, chlorophyll content and fresh and dry weight of Brassica rapa L. and Eruca sativa L. Some seeds of Brassica rapa L. and Eruca sativa L. were placed in petri plates, and were exposed to UV light for 30, 60 and 120 mins daily. The source of UV light was a UV box having a UV Tube. The UV exposure on the seeds reduced the germination percentage in both species. The germi
Abdul Hameed1*, Ihtsham Ul Haq Padda1 and Abdul Salam2
...of the households at the national level experience calorie deficiency (less than recommended calories). The corresponding figures for the urban and rural areas are 40.5% and 36.7%, respectively. Households experiencing deficiency in caloric intake in Balochistan and Sindh provinces are comparatively higher. Nutritional deficiencies in terms of essential macro and micronutrients indicate th...
Majed Rafeeq1,*, Nadeem Rashid1, Muhammad Masood Tariq1, Irfan Shahzad Sheikh1, Muhammad Zahid Mustafa1, Muhammad Shafee1, Khalid Mehmood1, Rana Muhammad Bilal2 and Tauseef Asmat1
...se (ND and SRBC), intestinal histo-morphology, bacterial enumeration and cecal volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were measured. There were significant improvements in weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and average daily gain (ADG) in the treatment groups supplemented with extract (P<0.05) compared to control. Similarly, intestinal histo-morphic parameters and ileal bacterial count were significantly different between...
Muhammad Mohsin1, Yin Hengbin2*, Qian Chong3 and Bohyun Kim4
...ery resource, i.e., Penaeus shrimps of Pakistan by considering these aspects. A long catch and effort (CE) data series, 1971-2009, were used in this study. CE data was statistically analyzed by using non-equilibrium surplus production models (NE-SPMs), viz., Fox Model (FM), Schaefer Model (SM), and Pella-Tomlinson Model (PTM) through two specialized fishery software, viz., catch and effort data a...
Asif Sadam*, Rahmat Ullah Khan and Sajid Mahmood
...dentify the traits that enable bird species to become urban exploiters i.e. to colonize and become abundant in highly urbanized areas. Bird species were identified in point counts without distance estimation, in three habitats: urban area, residential area, and agricultural area. Twelve sampling sites were selected in well-defined habitats in Mardan district. Bird species traits were taken from field observations and published literature. The trend and variati...
Ghulam Raza1*, Maqsood Anawar2, Muhammad Akbar1, Muhammad Ali1, Alamdar Hussain1, Azhar Hussain3 and Tanveer Hussain4
... characteristic habitat analysis and preference was important as the ibex move downwards during winter to cope the fodder shortage after heavy snowfall. This may expose the ibex to potential threats of predation by predators, poaching and competition for food with livestock during winter season. Therefore, the study was conducted to analyze the characteristic habitat feature and preference of Himalayan ibex during winter sea...
Hesham M. Abd El Halim1, Maysa M. Hegazy1,2, Aishah Alatawi3, Imtiaz Ali Khan4 and Munawar Saleem Ahmad5*
...velopmental arrest, chitinase genes and genes that are vital for starting the differentiation program of cells at discrete steps during development are major targets for biocide plant extracts. The current study evaluates the in vitro toxic effects of golden piller (Cupressus macrocarpa) and galangal (Alpinia officinarum) against Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cell line. Also, changes in gene expression level...
Nilgun Dogan1,* and Hakan Adanacioglu2
...tability and efficiency analysis. The cost of a unit of honey was US$3.16 and the average price paid to the beekeepers was US$6.78. The absolute and relative profits were calculated as US$3.62 and US$2.14, respectively. The efficiency of the beekeeping farms was measured using Data Envelopment Analysis. The results of output- and input-oriented constant return-to-scale (CRS) analysis indic...
Zeynep Sonmez1 and Memis Ozdemir2,*
...trate 8). After the PCR analysis of the identified gene regions of 72 head Holstein cattle, samples were separated by the high-resolution melting analysis (HRMA), and sequence analysis was applied to some randomly selected samples. New polymorphisms were identified in the determined genes and gene regions as a result of the sequence analysis. In the 1
Xiangzu Wang,1,2 Jifeng Xi,1,2 Bin Jia,1,* Yongsheng Zhang,1 Chaocheng Li1
Rahma Mohamed, Sara Nader, Dalia Hamza and Maha A. Sabry*
...thogen. Bacteriological analysis of nasal swabs of 52 diseased and healthy donkeys at different localities in Egypt revealed that the overall occurrence of Cryptococcus spp. was 11.5%. The highest proportion was in El-Fayoum Governorate (25). Phenotypic identification of Cryptococcus indicated that 13.2 % and 7.1% among healthy and diseased donkeys were positive for this pathogen, respectively.The study of the ...
Kai Huang1,2, Wancai Xia1,2, Yi Fu3, Yaqiong Wan4, Hao Feng2, Ali Krzton5, Jiaqi Li4,* and Dayong Li1,2,*
...="font-size: small;">Dominance hierarchies are common in social mammals, especially primates. The formation of social hierarchies is conducive to solving the problem of the allocation of scarce resources among individuals. From August 2015 to July 2016, we observed a wild, provisioned Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) group at Xiangguqing in Baimaxueshan National Nature...
Muhammad Ramzan1*, Unsar Naeem-Ullah2, Muhammad Umair Sial2, Naeem Iqbal2 and Shafqat Saeed2
... for landscape and medicinal purposes in various regions and also known for absorbing various toxic pollutants from the environment. Several insect pests like thrips, whiteflies, mealy bugs and caterpillars attack on these plants. Among them, leaf eating caterpillar, Trilocha varians (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) is serious insect pest for these precious plant species in various countries. The larvae of the pest can cause 80-100% defoliation. The various confirmed...
Huma Qamar1, Mariam Hassan1, Muhammad Zubair1*, Adnan Arshad2, Muhammad Qusain Saeed3, Muhammad Umar3, Sundas Shahzad1, Tariq Mahmood1 and Muhammad Aftab1
...aim of the study was to analyze the 18 genotypes of Brassica juncea L. for correlation and their path co-efficient analysis. Mean square for five traits was constructed which was highly significant except plant height. Correlation in plant’s height and branches, days required for flowering and days required for maturity was positive at genotypic as well as phenotypic levels. Correlation between numbers of branches and ...
Sami Ul Haq1, Abid Hussain1*, Umair Riaz2, Muhammad Baqir Hussain1, Adnan Fareed1, Nabeel Ahmad Ikram3 and Fahim Nawaz3
...cation, alone or in combination with Compost containing sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB), on the yield and growth of sunflower. Sulfur was applied as individual treatments (25, 50, 75 kg ha-1) and in combination with Compost (750 kg ha-1). The results showed a considerable increase in plant height (67.60%), chlorophyll b content (92.10%), stomatal conductance (158%) as well as shoot P content (50.25%) that ultimately increase...
Ahmed A. Kheder
...enopodium quinoa, Nicotiana tabacum cv. White Burley and Vicia faba after 15, 18, 20 and 22dpi respectively. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to amplify ~497bp for coat protein gene in RNA 2, the amplified product was confirmed with direct sequences. Phylogenetic analysis results indicated that SLRSV-Eg isolate under stud...
Mohammed Bashar Danlami1*, Basiru Aliyu1, Abbas Bazata Yusuf1, Bashar Gulumbe Haruna1 and Asmau Nono Mahe1
...laou smear is a conventional cytological examination for the screening of cervical cancer. However, the routine test is known and prone to significant error rate. This study examines the prevalence of abnormal and unsatisfactory Pap smear among women attending Federal Medical Center Birnin Kebbi. The study was a retrospective review of all Conventional Papanicolaou smear registry data of w...
Sehrish Khudadad1, Muhammad Ather Rafi2, Ahmed Zia3, Mian Sayed Khan4, Gulnaz Parveen5, Muhammad Kamal Sheikh6*, Falak Naz7, Muhammad Qasim8 and Syed Waqar Shah9
...nmental indicators, pollinators, seed dispersal/ orchid seed removal agent and scavengers. Ants can be both prey and predators for the crops and various insects. They also spread human diseases. Ant fauna is poorly known in Pakistan. As Pakistan occupies an important biogeographic position and the taxonomic studies on ants of Pakistan are badly needed. During this study ant specimens were collected from different localities ...
Muhammad Shahzad1*, Syed Amer Mahmood2, Athar Ashraf3, Amer Masood2 and Saira Batool4
...RTM DEM) based surface dynamic indices (drainage density-DD, topographic surface roughness-TSR) to constrain the neotectonics of Nanga Parbat Syntaxis (NPS) in Gilgit-Baltistan (Northern Pakistan). This study aims to assess the active surface deformation based on the DD and TSR techniques. These are the interrelated procedures, i.e. TSR investigation may be used to distinguish areas with low and higher DD values and their co...
Iftikhar Jan* and Sahib Alam
...isolates in search for nonaflatoxigenic strains for use as biocontrol agent. A total of 434 isolates of A. flavus were isolated from soil and stored maize grain samples collected from four agroecological zones (AEZ) i.e., AEZ-A, AEZ-B, AEZ-C and AEZ-D of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. The mycological analysis of the samples demonstrated that the highest population of Aspergillus section Flavi was existed in so...
Syed Muhammad Sulaiman, Nazir Ahmad and Nazir Ahmad Khan*
...teristic, forage nutritional value and digestibility among five selected wheat genotypes. The five cultivars, namely, Pir Sabaq (PS)-15, Bakhtawar-92, PS-2000, National Agriculture Research Council (NARC)-11 and Zam-04 were grown in 12 replicate plots (6 m × 10 m), that were blocked in three fields according to R...
Fahrauk Faramayuda1,2*, Totik Sri Mariani3, Elfahmi1,4 and Sukrasno1
...o;s potential as traditional medicine is established, so it is necessary to produce its active compounds abundantly and to propagate purple and white-purple varieties of O. aristatus. A strategy that can be adopted to achieve plant tissue culture (callus induction). This research aim is to identify secondary metabolite in callus using thin layer chromatography (TLC). The profiling of ethanol extracts of callus of two varieties O. aristatus were carried o...
Shahzad Khan1*, Munir Khan1, Arif Alam2, Ikram Shah2, Mahfooz Khan1 and Fida Muhammad Khan1
...ted to perform economic analysis and to elaborate the determinants of wheat crop in district Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan in the year 2018. Three villages, namely, Aspandehri, Kamran Kalay and Sarfaraz Kalay, were purposively selected. A sample size of 41 wheat growers from farm households was chosen from these villages for data collection. Thus, selection of the farmers was bas...
Ramadan, F. Abbas1;H.M.Salem1; M.H. Belal2, and A. M. M. Abd-Alla3*
...toms of the MdSGHV. Examination of the SGH suspension with
Electron microscopy revealed the presence of rod-shape virus particles
with 500-700 nm in length and 50-70 nm in diameter. PCR analysis of
SGH homogenate with virus specific primer pair resulted in DNA
fragment wi...
Muhammad Akhtar1, Muhammad Tariq Mahmood2*, Kaiser Latif Cheema1, Mushtaq Ahmad2, Muhammad Jahanzaib Khalid1, Amir Amin1, Javed Anwar Shah1, Zeeshan Qadeer1 and Zeshan Ali3
...soil moisture and predominant cultivation of chickpea under residual soil moisture condition are major causes of drastic decline in chickpea productivity in Pakistan. Systematic breeding efforts are required for evaluation of available genetic material to evolve drought tolerant chickpea cultivars for drought prone regions of the country. For this purpose, a research experiment was conducted in moisture stress (drought) and non-stress conditions (irrigated) at...
Ain-ul-Abad Syed1*, Zaheer Ahmed Khan1, Shakeel Hussain Chattha1, Irfan Ahmed Shaikh2, Mian Noor Hussain Asghar Ali1, Zohaib ur Rehman Bughio3, Shahzad Hussain Dahri2 and Ghous Bakhsh Buriro4
... substitute for conventional farming practices that could conserve water, fertilizer and generate more sustainable food vertically and horizontally. Two treatments were performed, each with two replications. The treatments included hydroponic (soil-less) and geoponic (soil) spinach seed cultivation. The seed was initially grown in a seedling tray before being transferred onto a prepared pl...
Ghulam Murtaza1*, Muhammad Ramzan2, Assad Ullah3, Abid Ali5, Ayesha Zafar3, Rukhsar Beanish3, Ahmad Ali4, Ghulam Mustafa4 and Mudassar Aslam4
...>Fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) is the most important pest in different regions of the world. Due to cosmopolitan in nature, it causes huge losses in various fruits and vegetables production throughout the globe. The current experiment was designed at Insect Rearing Laboratory, MNS. University of Agriculture, Multan to evaluate host and oviposition preference of Bactrocera zonata ...
NawalM. Abdulla1, M. Haroun1*,Mohamed A. Shalaby2and Ahmed A. Elsanousi2
...athogen free (SPF) embryonating chicken eggs
(ECE),haemagglutination (HA), haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and mean death time
(MDT)used in the investigation to reveal virus identity and pathogenicity. Both NDV
isolates were found to be velogenic strains. Real time reverse transcriptase polymerase
chain reaction (rRT-PCR) used as a confirma...
El-Habbaa, A.S.
.../div>
Chordopoxvirinae, familyPoxviridae, causesContagiousPustular Dermatitis in sheep and
goats worldwide and in Egypt. Forty samples of skin lesions from suspected 30 sheep
and 10 goats from different areas of Qaliubeya governorate were subjected
tovirusisolation on embryonated chicken eggs (ECE), antigen detection using agar gel
immune-diffusion test (AGIDT) and indire...
Walaa ,S. Shabanaa;Bakr, A. Abdallaa; Eman, M. ELShalamia; I.M. Redab; M. A. Shalabyb
... abortion rate among pregnant ewes and cows, causes heavy mortalities in young
lambs and calves. In the present study the Montanide ISA 50 oil adjuvanted combined FMD/RVF
vaccine was tested in sheep and compares it with single vaccines either FMD or RFV alone.The
mean of antibody titers continued with the protective level till the 32 to 36th week post vaccination,
In single vac...
Ala’audin Hakami,1AusamaA Yousif,2* Mohamed Zaki,3 Mahmoud Ismail,4,5 Ahmed Al-Ali,5 Abdu-Rahman Al-Ankari5
...tide-based phylogenetic analysis clustered one
African grey parrot PBFDV (Mira08) with South-East Asian and
Australian isolates indicating interspecies transmission.
...
Asmaa A.M. Abd El-Ghani *; Ahmed B.M.; Abdel-Raouf A. ; Nagwa S. Ata* and H.A. Hussein
El-Dougdoug K.A.1, Sofy A.R.2, Rehab A. Dawoud3 and Korkar H.M.4
...r virus
eliminationbased on osmopreservation techniques. Osmotherapy wasapplied for
eliminationbanana bunchy top virus(BBTV) through preservation of shoot tips on
MS media containing high sucrose concentration at low temperature. Shoot tips and
subculture 1st of bana
Mandour, A. M. 1, Abdel Maksoud, H. M. 2, Amal, A. Khalil 3 and Mohga, A. El-Tahlawey 4
...solated from
naturally infected maize plants at El-Monfia. These samples were checked
for virus presence using Indirect ELISA. A number of cultural practices were
evaluated as control measures against MDMV to minimize the virus
infection in maize crop.
...
Mansour, L. L.*; Othman, B. A. **; Abd-EL Ghaffar, M. H. **; Eman, M. Marai** and Sahar, A. Youssef*
...olate group.
...
Sallam A.A.A.1, Hoda M.A.Waziri2,E. K .F. Elbeshehy1, SamiaI.Massoud,1 and Abeer M. Abo El-Wafa2.
...(BBMV) was obtained from naturally infected faba
bean plants exhibiting blotchy mottle,vein-clearing and deformation. BBMV was able
to infect limited host range ten out of thirty three tested plant species, and
cultivarsbelonging to six different families. It was transmitted mechanically and not
transmitted by seeds or aphids. The isolated virus was inactivated by 10 min exposu...
Abeer A. Feisall; B.A. Othman2; Kh.A. El-Dougdoug2 and H.S. Shalaby1
...iv>sewage water and designated St-1. The isolated phage formed identical clear
circular single plaques, without halo of 3 mm in diameter. Electron microscopy of
Salmonella bacteriophage particles (St-1) indicated that the phage particle has an
isometric head of about 69.6 nm in diameter and non contractile tail of 243.5 nm in
length and 17.4 nm in width. The Salmonella bacteriophage (St-1) has a
Mokbel, Samah A.1,Ahmed K. El Attar1; Azza G.Farag2.
...-sinensisis a valuable ornamental species widely planted in Egypt. The
Phytoplasma associated witches‟-Broom has been detected on symptomatic hibiscus
plants. Samples of hibiscusleaves were collected from El Giza, Alexandria, Qlubia,El-
Fayom, and El-Mansouragovernoratesand analyzed for phytoplasma infection.The
collected hibiscus plants showed characteristic symptoms for Phy...
D. N. Abd-elshafy1, 2 and M. M. Bahgat2, 3
...atitis A Virus is a picornavirus that can be detected in environmental or clinical samples. Its replication in cell culture is slow and so cytopathic effect might take up to two weeks to appear making it not easy to detect presence of virus. the present work aimed to study effect of inhibiting HepG2 cellular proteases on replication rate of the virus. Plaque infectivity count assay was carried out using safe concentrations of the cocktail protease inhibitor Mi...
Maha I. El Zaafarany1, WafaaM. Badawy2, Eman M. El Salakh3
...st cancers samples were analyzed. Samples were tested for HPV by PCR, and products were sequenced. Findings were correlated with clinical and pathological characteristics.The HPV DNA prevalence in the breast cancer samples was 28 % (15/54). Sequence analysis in a subgroup of cases indicates the prevalence of high risk HPV16. In conclusion, the present st...
Mai A. Kilany1; Hanaa H.A. Gomaa1; Yousry E. Abo El-magd2 and Nermin Raafat2.
...ldwide. It causes many financial problems in treatment modalities with high mortality rates. In develop-ing countries, the major concern in HCC frequently belongs to HCV long lasting in-fection. Chronic HCV infection mostly leads to hepatic cirrhosis before developing HCC. HCV infection induces overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hepatocytes leading to their proliferation and triggers HCC. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a nuclear-enco...
Amal Mahmoud1&2 and Medhat H. Hashem3
...g1 and 7). Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence and the amino acid of the pol or env genes revealed that 7 out of the 8 isolates were closely related to genotype D. Only Sohag 1-HCC isolate was clustered with genotype C which is known as risk factor of HCC. Multiple sequence alignment resulted in unique amino acid substitutions (V320→L and N464→T) and (I284→L, T300→I and K334→R) in pol and env genes respectively. Further pr...
Enas K. Abo-Elmagd,Kouka S. Abd El-Wahab,Azza H. El- Salakawy
...or appropriate patient management and infection control. The aim of our study was to compare the diagnostic performance of Lateral flow immuno-chromatography assay (LFICA) as a rapid test for detection of RV antigen in stool specimens collected from Egyptian infants and young children with ELISA, and nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Furthermore, to study the frequency of RV infection in Egyptian infants and young children during...
Nader M. Sobhy,1 Sunil K. Mor,2 Mohammed E.M. Mohammed,1
Iman M. Bastawecy,3 Hiam M. Fakhry,4 and Sagar M. Goyal2
...technique. Phylogenetic analysis of FMD / SAT-2 /3D/Egypt/Sharkia/2013/ FMD / (KJ210080) revealed (99–100%) identity with Egypt 2012/ and Palestinian-Gaza virus. Phylogenetic analysis of serotype O of this study from Ismailia (KJ210076) , Alexandria (KJ210074) and El-Mania (KJ210077) showed 100% identity with each other and 92% identities with Asian type O sequences from Pakistan, Iran and Turkey while FMD/A/3D/Egypt/A...
Hiam M. Fakhry and Assem A.A.
...F) as an adjuvant using inactivated trivalent foot and mouth disease virus, to induce protection against foot and mouth disease. This study was conducted in three sheep groups ; the first group was vaccinated intramuscularly (I/M) with trivalent foot and mouth disease zeolite (1 μg/dose) vaccine, The second group was vaccinated with foot and mouth disease oil vaccine and Third group was...
RehamM. El-Bakrey1, Shimaa M.G. Mansour2, Mohammed A. El Sisi1 AndAmal A.M. Eid1
...of human infection. Vaccination is an effective method for controlling avian influenza virus infections.This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the commercially applied AI vaccine regimens against challenge with three H5N1 HPAI viruses isolated from chickens, Egypt during 2009-2011. Both inactivated and recombinant fowlpox virus expressing H5 (rFP-AI-H5) vaccines were measured...
Yasser F. Elnaker 1, Mohamed El-Tholoth 2, Sahar Saber 3, Amira A- Elsaid4, Mohamed A. Saad 3, Emad E. Younis 5
...gh economic losses. Vaccination is the only effective method to control the disease in endemic countries. In the present study, 10 out of 25 clinically examined calves (40%) in a farm in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt during summer 2013 showed clinical signs suspected to be lumpy skin disease, despite vaccination of dams 4 months before parturition with sheep poxvirus vaccine (Kenyan strain). The diseased calves showed localize...
Walaa Abd El-Fatah S. Metwally1, Ismail M. Reda2, Ahmed A. El-Sanousi2, Mohamed Abd El-Khalek Ali2
...dy avian influenza (AI) inactivated vaccine was prepared with Montanide ISA70VG which has been added as adjuvant using reassortant AI strain H5N1. The prepared vaccines with Montanide ISA70VG varied in the HA units per dose and also differed in the ratios between two reassortant strains (Chicken and duck strains) of AI. The results of testing humoral immunity revealed that the prepared vaccines with Montanide ISA70VG containing 350 HA unit/dose were high in an...
Ebtisam, A. Abouel yazeed1; Yanni, M.I.1 and Hanan A. Fahmy2
...ples collected during neonatal diarrhea. Six out of forty tested samples were found positive for rotavirus (15%) infection using ELISA test. Successful isolation of the rotavirus on MDBK cell line from two samples from the positive ELISA samples. The beginning of characteristic cytopathic effects (CPE) were observed from the 3rd passages as clumping, rounding of infected cells with syncytia and leaving empty vacuole space in MDBK cell line. The detected rotavi...
Hanaa A. Ahmed1 and Eman M. AboHatab2
... membrane (CAM) of embryonated chicken eggs (ECE) SPF at 9-11 day and Madin Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cell culture. Identification of virus by indirect immuno fluorescent antibody technique (IFA) which was considered a rapid and accurate method for LSD antigen detection. nodules were subjected directly to PCR and Real time PCR for rapid and specific detection of LSDV, sixteen out of the twenty one nodular samples were confirmed positive by molecular methods. ...
Yanni, M. I1; Hanaa A. Ahmed2; Lamyaa, A. Ahmed1; Hanan, A. Fahmy3 and Ibrahim, E.M.4 Aggour, M. G.3
...n samples. Phylogenetic analysis including sequences from all previous Egyptian isolates and neighboring countries isolates was conducted. The % of nucleotide identities of the Egyptian recent isolate (Egy/cairo /2014) with three previous Egyptian isolates were 98.4-98 and 98.4% respectively. Egy/cairo/14 share nucleotide identity with the vaccinal strain flury LEP and kelev with a percentage of (93.1% and 98% respectively)....
Afaf. A. Khedr*, Ekram Salama*, A. A. Samy**, Abdella, Y.A.*** and Suzan. K. Tolba***
...ens....
Fawzy Rania1, AboElkhair M.1, Bazid A.M.1, Sultan H.2, Hussien A.H.3
... mutations and or recombination events has been occurred during replication of coronaviruses including IBV which called quasispecies. Serotypic and or genotypic classification of IBV is mainly based on the S1 subunit of Spike (S) gene. In the present study, thirty tracheal samples of broiler flocks suspected to be infected with IBV were collected from different Egyptian governorates during 2012. Isolation and genetic charact...
1Mona A. El-Manzalawy, 2Abeer A. Boseila , 3Hanan M. El Zahed
... aimed to develop a new inactivated RVF vaccine Formulation adjuvanted by Peppermint oil (PMO) with Aluminum hydroxide gel (Alum gel) or without Alum gel, then ensure the safety and sterility of these vaccines and compare between them with the local RVF vaccine with Alum gel alone in sheep. This peppermint formulation including Alum gel adjuvant was the best of choice as it induced higher immunological enhancement. In addition, synergistic action was discovere...
Hala K. Abdelmegeed 1, Eman M. Abohatab 1, Khattab,O. M. 1 , Salem, S.A.H. 1 , Arafa, A. 2, Nashwa M. Helmy 3
...dies which indicated the natural infection. ELISA kit used for FMDV antigen detection for the epithelial suspension from 42 field samples collected from various geographic locations 10 governorates are ( El-Sharkia,Giza, Port Said, Assuit, Suize, Kafre El-Shake, Qina, Al-Gahrbia, Domiatte and Alexandria) Serotyping and molecular characterization by polymerase chain reaction PCR for (31) samples as FMD Serotype O , (2) Seroty...
Nashwa M. Helmy1 and Ahmed S. A.2
...pes of FMD virus (FMDV), namely O, A, C, SAT 1, SAT
2, SAT 3 and Asia 1. Tests for antibodies of FMDV nonstructural proteins (NSPs) are
useful in providing evidence of previous or current viral replication in the host,
irrespective of vaccination status. NSPs, unlike structural proteins are highly conserved
and therefore are not serotype specific and as a consequence, the detec...
Serag eldeen Sultana, M.W Abdel azeemb, Nahla Mohamed Eldamranyc
...leoprotein and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test against H5 and H9 antigens. The overall results using both ELISA and HI tests revealed that the prevalence of AIV antibodies was 12.6% (18/143). The seropositive samples represented 5/143 and 15/108 for ELISA and HI, respectively. The detection of both H5 and H9 antibodies in (4) samples indicated that co-infection may occur, while (10) samples were only containing H9 antibodies and (1) sample was H5 positiv...
Nelson D. Zambrano1, Wilber Arteaga1, José Velasquez2 and Dorys T. Chirinos1*
...pests and its associated natural enemies. Results revealed that populations of B. tabaci were higher in plots treated with lambda cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam associated with low levels of parasitism. Further, A. gossypii were high and their parasitism low, in both treated and untreated plots. Individuals of T. palmi, B. thurberiella, H. virescens and A. vestitus were low in the treatments; while individuals of Dysdercus spp. were lower in the plots treated with...
Aya El-Turkey1, A. K. El-Attar1, A. E. Aboulata1, B. Othman2 and K. A. El-dougdoug2
...ated from 1 μg recombinant plasmid by using the restriction endonuclease EcoRI. HSV-2gD was successfully sub-cloned into binary plant expression vector PBI-121. HSV-2gD subunit-containing binary vector PBI 121 were transformed into Agrobacterium tumifaciens LBA 4404 strain for Agro-inoculation. Tomato plants were transferred into regeneration medium and genetically transformed with the ...
Amro A. Farrag1; Ahmed K. El-Attar1; Om-Hashem M. El-Banna2; Ibrahim A. I.2; H.
M. Mazyad1
...>
transmitted from naturally infected common bean onto twenty two species and varieties
belonging to six different families i.e. Moraceae, Solanaeae, Cucurbitaceae,
Leguminoceae, Chenopodiaceae, and Malvaceae using viruliferous whitefly (Bemisia
tabaci). Results revealed that SLCV could be transmitted to 16 out of 22 species and
positively back inoculated to beans from th...
Allam A. Megahed1; Hoda M.A. Waziri2; Khaled A. El-Dougdoug3; Badawi A. Othman3; Sirag M. Lashin1; Mohamed D. Hassanin1 and Mahmoud A. Ibrahim4
...respectively. The polyclonal antibodies raised against BtMV and BNYVV by 5 injection doses each, using different injection types obtained from rabbit bleedings 10 days after the last injection had the titer of 1:2048 and 1:1024, respectively by indirect-enzyem linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) technique. The produced antisera were evaluated and compared with foreign antisera using tissue printing immunoassay (TPIA) and dot blot immunoassay (DBIA). The produ...
Samah A. Mokbel, Ahmed K. El-Attar
...ing disease through combination of tissue culture
technique and radiation treatment represented a short method for high level
management. To investigate the effect of gamma rays to produce healthy plantlets, the
hibiscus witches' broom phytoplasma was transmitted by grafting into healthy
hibiscus plants, the in vitro-infected hibiscus explants were exposed to gamma
...
Samah A. Mokbel1, Ashraf A. Abd El-Mohsen2
...nhouse. The statistical analysis showed that cultivars and ratio of bed components and their interaction had insignificant (P>0.05) effects on minituber number and minituber weight. However, ratio of bed components and interaction with cultivars were significantly (P<0.05) affected on minituber diameter. Maximum minituber diameter (13.64 mm) was recorded for Lady Rosette cultivar treated with Vermiculite + Sand (4:1), followed by Spunta cultivar (13.53 m...
Ahmed K. El-Attar; Samah A. Mokbel; Ali H. Hamed
...s has been isolated from naturally infected onion
plants grown in five Egyptian Governorates, Gharbia, Qalyobia, Giza, Fayoum and Beni-
Suef then mechanically transmitted onto healthy onion plants in an insect proof
greenhouse. The virus identification was done by indirect ELISA using specific
antiserum and confirmed by Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RTPCR)
using virus-specific prime...
K.A. El-Dougdoug1, A.R. Sofy2, A.A. Mousa2 and E.E. Refaey2
... Rosetta), susceptible (Anabel and Spunta) based on
different external symptoms, the severity infection and virus concentration. Expressed protein
was differed in leaves of potato cultivars. Since PVY infection unexpectedly increased in
(Anabel, Sisi, Lady Balfor, Nicola and Execusa) or decrease of total protein in (Hermes and
Spunta). The po...
Om-Hashem M. El-Banna1, Maisa A.E. Awad2, M.S. Abbas3, Hoda M. A. Waziri2 and Huda S. A. Darwish2
...the specific antiserum. Anatomical and ultrastructure changes in leaf tissues of both Tomato and Grapevine artificially infected with Tomato ringspot virus were studied by light and electron microscopy. By light microscopy viral infection resulted in the presence of amorphous inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of infected leaves.Phloem tissues were also affected by infection. Investigations of leaf tissues of both tomato and grapevine by Transmission Electron M...
Amro A. Farrag1; Ahmed K. El-Attar1; Om-Hashem M. El-Banna2; Ibrahim A. I.2; H. M. Mazyad 1
...(SLCV) was isolated from naturally infected common bean
plants grown in Egypt. Symptomatic leaf samples were collected from bean fields
cultivated in different governorates and tested by PCR using Geminivirus degenerate
primers and Squash Leaf Curl Virus (SLCV) specific primers. All bean varieties grown in
surveyed governorates were found susceptible to Geminivirus infection and the domin...
Aly M. Abdel-Salam1, Rehab A. Dawoud2, Amira M.E.Aly2, and Salama M. El-Saghir2
...uses of BSV.
...
A. B. Badr1 ; M. A. S. El-kady2; and Kh. E. A. Saker2
...fluence
the anatomical and cytological characters of infected bean plants. The thickness of
leaflet blades, palisade and spongy tissues were increased than the healthy plants. In
contrast the thickness of upper and lower epidermis layers were reduced. Also the
thickness of midrib zone was slightly reduced. Moreover, vascular tissues lost their
normal shape and arrangement as xylem arms. The most inter...
Mohamed I. Azzam1, Safaa M. Ezzat1, K. A. El-Dougdoug2, Badawi A. Othman2
...RT-PCR.
...
Rehab A. Dawood1; Entsar A. Nassar2; and K.A. El-Dougdoug 3
...otato virus Y (PVY) elimination using tissue culture technique. Osmotherapy refers to culture meristem – tip and stem nodes at MS medium saturated with sucrose. Stem nodes of potato were successfully stored for up to 12 month at osmo-preservation medium supplemented with sucrose 50, 60 and 70 gl -1 at 210C. The survival percentage was recorded 85.1, 81.2 and 50.8 for 50, 60 and70 gl -1 respectively for 12 months at 210C. All survival plantlets revealed v...
Eman A. H. Kattab1,3, A. H. Ebrahem2 , Om-Hashem M. El-Banna2 and Hanan F. EL-Kammar³
...f BBMV was obtained from naturally infected faba bean plants growing in the experimental fields of Giza Agricultural Research Station showing mottle and distortion of leaves. The identity of the virus was confirmed biologically, serologically and by light and electron microscopy. It was found that BBMV reacted systemically with 12 species belonging to Fabaceae and locally with 2 species belonging to Chenopodiace. It was transmitted mechanically and by Sito
Amel, S.M. Abo-Senna1; M.A. Nasr-Eldin2; B.A. Othman3 and A.A. Megahed4
...in. was 1.099 with the final yield as 0.883 mg/ml. Electron microscopy showed the filamentous flexuous particles with about 750 X 12-15 nm. The virus was identified as ZYMV by RT-PCR technique using high specific primers as 113 bp fragment within the nuclear inclusion protein b (NIb) coding region of the virus genome. The cytopathological effects of ZYMV on the infected cells were completely chloroplasts destruction, and deformation of vascular bundles. The ef...
Aly M. Abdel-Salam
...lliform virus (SCBV), Badnavirus, Caulimoviridae was
detected in the noble sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) plants in Giza and Assiut
governorates showing leaf symptoms of pronounced flecks or freckles and vein
banding which turn later to chlorotic and necrotic strips. Polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) utilizing degenerate primers for badnavir...
Amira A. Mazyad1; A. A. Kheder1; Ahmed K. El-Attar1; W. Amer.2; Mahasen, H. Ismail.2; Amal, A.F.1
...showed that the thermal inactivation point was 48-62°C; the dilution end point was 10-4 to 10-6 and the longevity in vitro 10 - 18 days at room temperature. The diagnosis of SLRSV in the infected tissues of strawberry plants was performed using both serological (DAS-ELISA) and molecular assays. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to amplify 497 bp fragment using PCR primers specific for the viral coat protein gene as a tool fo...
Elharony, S.B.1,3, SaharA.Youssef2 and Richard F. Lee3
Eman A. Ahmed1, Osama Y. Shalaby2, Emad F. Dwidar2, Samah A. Mokbel1, Ahmed K. El-Attar1
...Bani-Sweif, Fayoum and Qena) in order
to determine the occurrence and distribution of phytoplasma associated with diseased
tomato plants (Solanum lycopersycum L.), and to identify and classify the phytoplasma
involved. A detection of infected tomato plants, which showed symptoms of big bud,
witches'-broom and phyllody, in all regions of the screened governorates, reacted
positively when assayed by nes...
AdlyAbd-Alla1,2, MahaNada3, Francois Cousserans1, and Max Bergoin1
...d and requires control management measures. During the
establishment of a N. viridulacolony in Egypt, a significant reduction in the insect
productivity and high mortality rate were observed. Electron microscopy examination of dead
insects homogenate revealed the presence of paraspherical virus like-particles with diameter
of 25 nm. Virus pur...
Aly M. Abdel-Salam1 and Samah A. Mokbel2
...Electron microscopy examination
showed spherical virions with ca. 26 nm in diameter.
...
M. A. Kararah1, Om-Hashem M. El-Banna1, Salwa N. Zein2 and Abd-Elrehiem, A.F.3
...n cowpea
(Vignaunguiculata (L.) Walp).PMV was isolated from naturally infected
cowpea plants, showing mosaic and choloratic ring spot symptoms, which
had been grown in the experimental fields of Giza Agricultural Research
Experimental Station (A.R.E.S) in 2008. Identification studies based on host
range, symptomatology and seed transmission through cowpea and differ...
Arshad Abdulkhalq Yaseen1,2* and Mária Takácsné Hájos1
...6% MLE, where their combination of MLE and plant variety has also improved some of the vegetation quality parameters. However, significantly the morphological quality parameters were least influenced by the plant variety alone. On the other hand, MLE did not significantly impact the bioactive compounds as total polyphenols and vitamin C. However, the treatment of 6% MLE significantly reduced nitrate content in the plant leaves of both experiments by 4% in 2019...
Sadiq Haladu1*, Taiwo Oladoye Akande2 and Mudassir Nasir3
...and egg yolk taken were analyzed for serum components, haematological indices and lipid profiles. The results of plasma lipid profile showed that diet 4 (78.76 mg/dl) is significantly low in HDL compared to other dietary treatments. Egg total cholesterol showed significant reduction in diet 5 (254.65 mg/dl) observed when compared to the control diet (314.56 mg/dl). The result of serum analysis also showed significant differe...
Maryam Yousaf1, Salman Ahmad1*, Romana Anjum2 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed3
...he structural and functional modifications in tomato Lycopersicum esculentum nursery seedlings in response to tomato wilt disease caused by fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). Two months old tomato seedlings were grown under normal conditions in green house and were artificially inoculated with FOL conidial suspension of 1×106 conidia/mL by drenching method. Untreated plants served as control. First disease symptoms appeared after seven d...
Magdy, Mariam1 ; Abou ElHassan D.G. 2 ; and Salem, S.A.H 3
...ed on evaluation of vaccinated animals by detection of antibodies
against serotypes of FMDV (A),(O) and (SAT-2) by (SNT) as well as by analysis of negative
Non Structural Protein sera by solid phase competitive ELISA for differentiation between natural
infected and vaccinated animals by detection of Non-Structral prote...
Sherif .M. Ibrahim*, Abd El-Razek. B. Abd El-Razek*. Hanan. M. El-Zahed Amal. A. Fatouh* and Ayatollah. I. Ibrahim*
...differences between vaccinal and isolated strains of Fowl pox virus (FPV) and Pigeon pox virus (PPV) based on biological and molecular basis. Vaccinal and isolated strains were propagated on the chorioallentioc membrane of specific pathogen free (SPF) embroynated chicken egg (ECE) showing the characteristic pock lesions for each strain with titers reached 4.5 and 3.5 log10 EID50/ml at 5th ...
Safaa M. Mohammed*, Shahira A. Abdelwahab**,Fetaih,H⃰ ⃰ ,Neveen,R⃰ ,Abdel satar ,A⃰ and Mohamed S. Elshahidy**
...isolated on CAM of embryonated chicken eggs and identified by agar gel precipitation test and polymerase chain reaction .Two main types of TKPV infection were observed in examined flocks ,cutaneous and diphtheritic forms. Morbidity rate ranged from 5-15%with no mortalities .75% of examined serum reacted positive to TKPV .All TKPV isolates were amplified using specific P4b primers and visualized by gel electrophoresis at 578bp....
Abd El-Hamid, M.I1, Seham, A.El-Zeedy1, El-Sanousi, A.A2, Reda, I.M2, Nehal, S. Saleh1, Abbas, A.M1
... as Aborted placenta and nasal swaps from mares suffering from repeated Abortions, The current study used the gene synthesis technology introduced by Invitrogen to synthesis the glycoprotein D of the Kentucky Strain as reference strain to use it as appositive control for the envelope glycoprotein D of EHV-1 (EHV-1gD) cloned in pMA-T plasmid for optimizing the detection of the virus from field samples by PCR using 2 sets of primers one of them includes the whol...
Abd El-Hamid, M.I1; Seham, A. ElZeedy1; El-Sanousi A.A2, Reda, I.M2, Nehal, S. Saleh1., Abbas, A.M1
...vous system disorders neonatal foal pneumonitis, highly contagious among susceptible horses, with viral Transmission to cohort animals occurring by inhalation of aerosols of virus-laden respiratory secretions. Extensive use of vaccines has not eliminated EHV infections, and the worldwide annual financial burden from these equine pathogens is immense. Clinical signs may occur despite the pr...
Amir M. Walaa1 ; Ausama Yousif1; Walid H. Kilany2; Magdy El-Sayed1; Ahmed A. El-Sanousi1
...l and imported combined inactivated NDV+IBV vaccines and investigate its ability to protect experimental broiler chickens against challenge with wild ND and IB viruses. Two hundred and eighty commercial one-day-old broiler saso chicks were divided into 8 groups (35 birds each). Groups 2, 3, 4&5 were vaccinated at one-day-old with live hitchner + IB Primer. Then all groups at 7 days old were boosted with i
Megahed, A.A.1; Kh. A.El-Dougdoug2 and B.A. Othman2
... which performed by examination 915 plant samples from 149 fields in two seasons (2009/2010 and 2010/2011) symptomatology. During survey, 464 of naturally infected sugar beet plants showing distincted for one or more viruses were collected from 73 fields in season 2009/2010, while from 76 field, the total of examined plants were 451 through the second season (2010/2011), upon external symp...
A. A. Rezk1,3, K. A. Alhudaib2 and A. M. Soliman2,3
... from Saudi Arabia. The analysis showed that the highest nucleotide identities were 100% with other isolates that isolated from Saudi Arabia and was 98% with other isolates from Iran and Sudan. While the identity was 90% with all other members in the first cluster. The data refers to the isolated CYSDV virus in this study is more related to the isolates from Iran and Sudan. CP gene of CYSDV (CYSDV-CP) was cloned into the expression vector upon induction; the v...
Sahar A. Youssef1; Manal A. El-Shazly1,2; Azza G.Farag1,3; Eman A. Khattab1,2
...PNRSV) was obtained from naturally infected rose plants collected from different rose farms in Taif, KSA exhibiting a wide range of foliar disease symptoms including necrotic spots, wavy lines, oak leaf pattern, leaf deformation, reduction in number and diameter of flowers , color breaking and necrotic spots on flower petals .The virus was biologically purified from single local lesion formed on Chenopodium quinoa. The isolated virus was identified on the basi...
Badr, A. B. 1, Abou-zeid, A. A2. and Al-Naggar, A. M1.
...ed with Potato virus Y. Anatomical features of terminal leaflets i.e. mean of thickness both, midrib zone, leaflet blade, upper epidermal layer, palisade and spongy tissues, length and width of protoxylem and metaxylem vessels were reduced. However, lower epidermal layer was increased. Stomatal characters i.e. number of stomata and length of stoma pore were increased, while, width of stoma pore, length and width of guard cel...
Hanan M. El-Zahed, Hanaa A. Mostafa, Nermeen M. El Sayed and Lamiaa M. Omar
...bbard chickens were vaccinated with two different commercial live attenuated Chicken anemia virus (CAV) vaccines. One was vaccinated with 26 P4 strain vaccine subcutaneously and the other was vaccinated with Cux strain vaccine through drinking water (DW). Then the inactivated avian influenza (AI) H5N1 vaccine was inoculated intra-muscularly either at the...
Manar F. Seioudy1, Magda M. Sayed1, Ahmed A. El-Sanousi2 and M. A. Shalaby2
...>...
Amany Adel1, Abdelsatar Arafa1, Hussein A. Hussein2 and Ahmed El-Sanousi 2
...sis of the phylogenetic analysis of the HA gene sequences to study the genetic evolution of the NS1 gene of such viruses. The viruses were isolated from chickens and ducks in both live bird markets and backyard populations. NS1 gene was amplified, sequenced and the phylogenetic analysis of the obtained sequences revealed deletion of 5 amino acids at positions 80 to 84 in the NS1 protein along all Egyptian isolates under stud...
Eman A. Ahmed1, Osama Y. shalaby2, Emad F. Dwidar2, Samah A. Mokbel1 and Ahmed K. El-Attar1
...was used to compare the anatomical characteristics of stem, flower petiole and leaves of infected tomato with phytoplasma with healthy ones in order to reveal anatomical modifications caused by the infection process. The results obtained showed that infection of tomato plants with phytoplasma led to an increase in stem diameter by 10.23% as well as greatly increase in measurements of the other stem components while the diame...
Manal A. El-Shazly1. M. I .Kobeasy2and Sarah H . Altalhi3
...) has been isolated from naturally infected tomato plants collected from Taif governorate, Saudia Arabia for the first time. Observed symptoms circumvented mosaic, curling, bronzing and/or purpling, chlorosis and necrotic spot on the leaves. Disease symptoms of infected fruits produced from inoculated healthy tomato seedling showing discoloration, faint concentric rings, necrotic and chlorotic spot on mature tomato fruits. The virus was biologically purified f...
Ramy A. Qabel1; Tarek F. El-Arabi2; Adel A. Shoukry1; Hassan H. Elsebaay1; Abdel-Aziz F. El-Hamahmy1
...hly virulent phages designated as group V showed clear plaques and were able to infect many of Rhizobium species and strains. The other group of phages was less virulent and showed turbid plaques implied as group L. This was also determined by one-step growth experiment. It was found that rhizobiophage (V) group had the attachment and latent period after 30 min and burst size of 28. On the other hand, rhizobiophages (L) group had the attachment and latent peri...
Radwa M. Shafie 1 and Soha S. M. Mostafa2
... Nostoc muscorum, Spirulina platensis and Oscillatoria sp. was studied, individually or in a mixture, against Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) infection on Vicia faba L. Giza 716 and Chenopodium amaranticolor Cost and Reyn. The non-inoculated algal synthetic media were used as control. Findings revealed that the mixture of the three algal filtrates gave the highest percentages of inhibition. Lower inhibition effect was produced by culture filtrate of N. muscoru...
Lala Rukh1, Muhammad Nadeem1, Tusneem Kausar1, Mian Anjum Murtaza1, Muhammad Luqman2*, Muhammad Bilal Shahid1 and Amal Shaukat3
... formulate a nutritious snack bar by incorporating date pit powder (by product) and soy protein isolate in date paste. Date bars were formulated after ingredients optimization and were analyzed for physico-chemical, in-vitro starch and protein digestibility, antioxidants and microbial count. Results showed that date bars are rich source of protein, fiber, carbohydrates and fat with good digestibility properties. Date pit pow...
Shahida Sabir1, Anwar Ali Shad1, Tariq Masood1*, Zafar Ali Shah1, Nasiruddin2, Yaseen Ahmad1 and Syed Sartaj Alam3
...upplemented with a medicinal plant (Berberis lycium L) was documented on days to 50% colonization, days to 100% colonization, yield per bag and % bio-efficacy of Pleurotus eryngii. It was found that maximum 20 and 34 days were taken by 50% and 100% colonization, respectively on 25% supplemented B. lycium substrate compared to control treatment (17 days). The yield and bio-efficacy of mushroom was observed around 596.7 g per bag and 99% respectively at 25% supp...
Rafia Ahsan1, Saif Ullah1, Ijaz Yaseen1, Faisal Sohail Fateh1, Muhammad Fayyaz1, Shahzad Asad1, Atif Jamal1, Muhammad Sufyan2 and Muhammad Zakria1*
...ere confirmed as Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) through PCR and pathogenicity on susceptible host. The results indicate that BLB is continuously present in rice growing areas of Pakistan specially in Basmati area of Punjab for last many years. There is need to introduce resistant Basmati varieties to reduce the inoculum level and yield losses....
Asfand Raheel1, Syed Zulfiqar Ali2, Muhammad Waris2, Muhammad Basharat2, Basheer Ahmed2, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3, Syed Ishtiaq Hyder4 and Taqi Raza4*
...quired for postharvest management through which the economy of horticultural products around the globe is almost at minimal losses. This review is highlighting the basic but truly important postharvest advancements to retain and maintain quality and quantity of vegetables and fruits. Significant outcomes are to be ensured in pre-harvest and postharvest handling and controlling the postharvest decay losses with these advanced techniques. Keeping an eye on good ...
Nashwa M. Helmy1, Ahmed S. Ahmed2, and Zeinab3 Y. Mohamed
...arently healthy non vaccinated cattle against LSDV and (100) serum samples were drawn from cattle 4 weeks post vaccination with local attenuated sheep pox virus vaccine located in Sharkia and Fayoum governorates. Methods: Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) was isolated from skin biopsies collected from clinically infected cattle. The virus was isolated on MDBK cell line and identified by agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) and i...
Lamya A. F. Ateya1, Said A. Ahmed 2, Mansour H. Ayman3, Khamees K. Ashraf 4, Heba A. Abdel-Hady 5
... membrane (CAM) of embryonated chicken eggs SPF at 9-11 day which showed pock lesions and CPE on MDBK cell culture. Isolated virus was identified by indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT) using specific hyper immune serum against Lumpy Skin Disease Virus. Further identifications were carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: 15 samples were +ve for LSDV by conventional PCR.The results showed that 11/23...
Lamya A. F. Ateya1 , Said. A .Ahmed2, Khamees K.S. Ashraf3, Heba A. Abdel-Hady4
...ious threat to the inter-national animal trade. The preventive vaccinations followed by sero-survey have been implemented for the control of FMD. Objectives: 3ABC ELISA is highly effective for early identification of infected and vaccinated animals. Our study was designed for assessment of vaccination by local and impo...
Ola Youssef 1; EL-Deeb A.H.2 Nassif S.A.1 and Ahmed A. El-Sanousi 2.
...ground: There is no international quality control protocol for evaluation of recombinant H5
vaccines had been established yet so, these vaccines are evaluated by applying the conventional QC
tests such as identity, safety, purity, potency and efficacy that were not satisfactory in vaccine
evaluation.
Object...
Aly M. Abdel-Salam
...IA. RT-PCR confirmed the nature of the two viruses. However mixed infection was noticed for CVYV and CVYV upon using duplex RT-PCR. Conclusion: Mixed infection with WTV is common and complicates diagnosis and breeding for resistance. Antisera for diagnosis of WTV should be homogenous and should be produced through recombinant protein system for successful evaluation of resistance....
Ehab M. El-Nahas1, Hemat S. El-Sayed2, Sawsan S. El-Basuni3, Gabr F. El-Bagoury1
...l time RT-PCR; sequence analysis of partial S1 gene, cross-neutralization and the challenge experiment for H120 vaccinated broiler chickens were also performed. Results: Egypt/Qal/014p had close relation with that of the Massachusetts prototypes. Comparisons nucleotide and amino acid sequence of partial S1 gene showed that the recent isolate had 98.2% and 95.2% nucleotide similarities and 96.8% and 91.4% amino acid similarit...
Salama M. El-Saghir1, 2
...ected with PNRSV, additional
suspected symptoms of phytoplasma infection were detected. These involved leaf yellowing and
withering, reduction in fruit size, malformation of fruits (where two or three fruits were attached
together), and tree death were observed.
Objective: The objective of this study is to characterize the nature of this disease complex through
exam...
Ayman S. El-Habbaa 1, Gabr F. El-Bagoury1, Samar F. El-Adaway2, and Susan S. El-Mahdy2
...e been occurring in vaccinated chickens with great economic losses. Objective: This work aimed for diagnosis and characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) from infected broiler chickens in Egypt. Methods: Suspected virus isolates on embryonated chicken eggs was detected by Hemagglutination (HA) test and identified using hemagglutination inhibitio...
Manar F. Seioudy1, Magda M. Sayed1, Ahmed A. El-Sanousi2 and Mohammed A. Shalaby2
... of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) vaccine is a matter of concern to ensure
releasing of safe, effective and potent product.
Objective: To use of some molecular techniques as conventional reverse transcriptase polymerase
chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real time RT-PCR in identity test of PPR vaccine.
Methods: Four batches of PPR vaccines that produced in Egypt by Veteri
Muhammad G. Khodary1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2, Mohamed M. Emara2, Othman E. Othman1, Hussein A. Hussein2
...s were typed by conventional reverse
transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 6
representative samples were performed.
Results: Testing of 80 collected samples of Oropharyngeal, oral epithelial tissue and/or vesicular
fluids by real time Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) revealed 65 out of 80
F...
Naglaa F.S. Awad1, Gamelat K.F. Kotb2
...an authorities started a national vaccination program against the disease. However, RHDV
clinical cases are still being reported.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate genetic characterization of recent RHDV isolates from
naturally-infected rabbits in Sharkia governorate, Egypt in 2015/2016.
Methods: ...
Lamiaa M. Omar, Mohamed A. Abdrabo, Dali M. Omar, Nermeen A. Marden
...div>
poultry. Vaccination might reduce the risk of bird infection virus transmission by reducing virus
shedding. Challenge of vaccinated birds with AI vaccines under strictly controlled condition with
virulent HPAI virus may also be used to predict flock response to AI infection. The reduction in
challenge virus replication can be quantified using classical virus isolation (VI) and t...
Rasha M. Mahrous1,4, Ahmed K. El-Attar2, Ahlam A. AlWatban1, Sohair I. EL-Afifi3,
Nagwa M. Aref1,3
...on indicator (Vollka marina ) plants. The Phytoplasma was
transmitted from naturally infected Lemon (Citrus limon) to healthy periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus)
by dodder (Cuscuta reflexa Roxb) and Lemon (Vollka marina) plants by eye bud grafting.
Cytopathological detection referred to Diene's stain was used to differentiate the phloem tissues of leaf
Ahmed A. Azab, Wesam H. Mady, Ali Zanaty, Mahmoud Samir
...athogen free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs ECE), chicken embryo kidney
cell (CEK) and in Vero cell line and was confirmed for IBV detection by Reverse Transcriptase Real
time PCR (RRT-PCR) using IB specific primers. Comparison of different isolation methods was done
by generating a standard curve by real time PCR.
Results: The results revealed that the propagated virus in CEK showed the highest virus titer (5.95...
Ashraf S. Khameis, lamya F. Atteya, Ayman H. Mansour, Heba A. Abdelhady, Ashraf A.
Saad
...gypt during 2016. Additionally, the
isolated agent was identified using electron microscopy (EM).
Methods: Thirty five skin lesions of nodular and crusted scab samples were collected from clinically
infected SPV sheep and were prepared and isolated on chorioallantoic membrane of 9-11 days old
emberyonted chicken egg for three passages. The isolated samples were identified by EM and PCR.
Results: Five ...
Dina N. Abd-Elshafy
...iv>
through contaminated food or water. A number of travelers arriving from Egypt were found
infected with HAV upon return to their home countries, for this Egypt Travel made warned
tourists traveling to Egypt to avoid eating under cooked or raw food (especially meat and
eggs) or raw vegetables and drinking tap water.
Aim: To study potential antiviral effect of methanolic extract prepared from green tea on<...
Maha A. El-Abhar1, Moustafa A. Elkady1, Khaled M. Ghanem2, Hussieny A. Bosila3
...thaceae,
Solanaceae, Fabaceae and Laminaceae) to AMV infection was demonstrated. The presence or
absence of the virus was verified by back inoculation onto healthy indicator host plant and/or ELISA
test. AMV was readily transmitted by mechanical means and by Myzus persicae with percentage of
60 %. In addition to visible symptoms, infection with AMV also causes ultrastructural c...
Dina A. Abdulrahman1, Ayman H. EL-Deeb2, Momtaz A. Shaheen1 & Hussein A. Hussein2
... in Egypt. Although vaccination is
practiced to control the disease, it is still endemic. Moreover, emergence of new strains is possible
through the international borders of the endemic countries. Consequently, there is a dire need for
routine molecular characterization of the circulating FMDV strains to ensure the rapid detection of any
new ...
Abdou Nagy1, Fatma Abdallah1, Kareem Sweed2, Ahmed Salama3, Mohamed Omar4
...nce of aMPV for non-vaccinated chicken and duck
flocks from six provinces of Egypt (Ash Sharqiyah, Ismailia, Qalyubia, Menufia, Sohaq and North-
Sinai) and determine its economic effect.
Methods: Serum samples were collected from non-aMPV vaccinated apparently healthy 40 chicken
(23 broilers and 17 layers) and 8 duck (6 Pekin and 2 Muscovy) f...
Maha M. Khedr1, Reem A. Suliman1, Marwa F. Mohamed1, Mounir D. El Safty1, Hussein A.
Hussein2
...t
numbers of natural infections and disease, mainly infecting the upper respiratory tract, in humans,
domestic pigs, horses, and numerous bird species. Maternal derived antibodies could interfere with the
efficacy of vaccination against avian influenza in early age in chicks.
Methods: Eight groups of one-day old commercial broiler chicks were...
Shimaa M. Mansour, Reham M. ElBakrey, Ahmed Orabi, Haytham Ali, Amal A. Eid
...esults: By clinical examination, one third (6/18) of examined chickens showed bilateral arthritis with
tendons included microscopic changes consistent with the typical ARV infection. Additionally, eight
chickens (8/18) showed stunting and another one chicken (1/18) showed poor feathering while the last
three chickens (3/18) appeared diarrheic. All clinically affected chickens showed varied...
Hussein A. Hussein, Maha Khedr, Reem A. Suliman, Marwa F. Mohamed, Mounir D. El
Safty
... pathogenic H5N1. Determination of the optimal antigen content of avian influenza virus
vaccines is urgent to reach protective antibody titers and reduce virus shedding.
Methods: Groups of one-day old commercial broiler chicks were divided in to 8 groups 1, 2 and 3 were
vaccinated with a prepared vaccine contain 500HAU of H5N1 reassortant antigen; while group 4, 5 and 6
were va...
Dalia M. Omar1, Nermeen A. Marden1, Lamiaa M. Gaafar1, Elham A. El-ebiary1, Khalid El-Dougdoug2, Badawi Othman2, Abd Elsattar Arafa3, Hussein A. Hussein4
...man hazard although vaccination programs applied and other control
measures.
Objectives: The present study was designed for detection, isolation, identification and characterization
of Avian influenza viruses (AIV) circulating among poultry in 2016 to determine its suitability to be
used in vaccine quality control in Egypt.
Methods: The newly isolated virus was identified and subtyped antigenically by...
Nermeen A. Marden1, Lamiaa M. Gaafar1, Hussein A. Hussein2
...iv>...
Asma Kaouachi1, Mohcen Menaa1*, Abderraouf Chouaib Rebbah2 and Mohamed Cherif Maazi1
...rocess of conservation management of wood pigeon, a study of the diet of this pigeon was undertaken from October 2015 to April 2017 within the Souk Ahras region, in North-eastern Algeria. This work was carried out by using a combination of digestive-contents analysis (86 contents) and field observations (during the breeding season). We identified 16 plant species of which four were recorde...
Ruqayya Bint Khalid1, Asif Nadeem1,2*, Maryam Javed1, Muhammad Zubair Shabbir3 and Masroor Ellahi Babar4
...ruction and statistical analysis, respectively. Characterization of physical and chemical properties of β-casein protein was performed by ProtParam and SWISS MODEL was utilized for protein model prediction. Sequencing results of amplified PCR products revealed total 9 SNPs including 1 in exonic and 8 in intronic regions of β-casein gene. Results represent the presence of A2 allele in milk of Cholistani Cattle of Pakistan. Multiple sequence alignment ...
Abdullah Sheikh1,*, Faisal Almathen1,2 and Hairul Islam Mohamed Ibrahim3,4
...font-size: small;">Tyrosinase (TYR) gene has a role in regulating the pigmentation process and acts as a precursor for eumelanin or pheomelanin. There have been many studies that reported variations in this gene associate with the coat color of the animal. This is the first study of TYR gene expression analysis from various dromedary or Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius) phenotypes from Saudi Arabia. Th...
Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) with Special Reference to Pakistan: A Review on its Different Aspects
Sahar Mubashar*, Tariq Mukhtar and Nasir Ahmad Khan
...e: small;">The novel coronavirus took the whole world by storm and in no time spread across the globe and claimed many lives. The most affected countries of the world are USA, Brazil, India, Italy, Iran, Spain, Russia, South Africa, United Kingdom and Peru. In Pakistan, the pilgrims from Iran became the major source of spread of the virus in the country, as the Government did not impose quarantine measures to restrict their movement. In Pakistan, the most affe...
Roheela Yasmeen1*, Nida Mobeen1 and Samia Chaudhry2
... arrhythmias, severe coronary syndrome and venous thromboembolic complications. Patients of COVID-19 having already cardiovascular problems showed severe symptoms of this disease and have greater chance of death. This review article especially pays attention on cardiovascular symptoms of COVID-19 and its enhanced effect on patients with already existing cardiovascular diseases.
...
Zain-Ul-Aabdin Abro1*,Naheed Baloch1, Raza Muhammad Memon2 and Niaz Hussain Khuhro2
...small;">The population dynamics of the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) and oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) were monitored from January to December 2018 in guava orchards of the Sindh Pakistan. The investigations were done at different localities of Hyderabad and Larkana using Steiner type traps incorporated with methyl eugenol. The trap catches o...
Nehafta Bibi1,2, Faiq Jan3, Munawar Saleem Ahmad4 and Haitao Wang1,5,*
... of avian species is diurnal and thus endures variation in light intensities, associated with daily, seasonal or lunar cycles. These diurnal birds search their food in light abundant environment and raise their broods in dark cavities. However their visual performance in dim light conditions is largely unknown. Here, we compared light intensity threshold...
Saira Gul1,2, Sohail Ahmed2*, Tahir Usman1*, Khalid Khan3, Sultan Ayaz1, Saleha Gul4 and Nawab Ali5
...nt-size: small;">Bovine anaplasmosis is an infectious tick-borne disease caused by a rickettsial parasite Anaplasma marginale. This study investigated the prevalence of A. marginale in cattle on different commercial farms in subtropical conditions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). A total of 120 cattle from different...
Zahid Mahmood Sarwar1*, Ayub Iqbal Malik1, Maryam Suhail2, Shafqat Saeed3, Muhammad Umair Sial3, Waqar Jaleel4, Muhammad Nadir Naqqash5 and Qamar Saeed1
Wen-Feng Li, Rong-Yue Zhang, Jiong Yin, Hong-Li Shan, Xiao-Yan Cang, Zhi-Ming Luo, Xiao-Yan Wang, Jie Li and Ying-Kun Huang*
...Argyroploce schistaceana (Snellen). The results showed that new sex pheromone trap of sugarcane borers in combination with Abamectin•Bacillus thuringiensis or Tebufenozide were the optimum mode for environmentally friendly control techniques of Sesamia inferens Walker and Argyroploce schistaceana (Snellen). The use of new sex pheromone traps of sugarcane bo...
Syed Maaz Nadeem1,*, Muti ur Rehman Khan1, Asim Aslam1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh2, Arfan Ahmad2, Syed Nadeem Mansoor3 and Muhammad Anees4
...AV-infected flocks under natural condition. The bone marrow smears were fixed, stained with Romanowsky Giemsa Stain (RGS) and examined under microscope. Results showed a significant difference between the cellularity of normal and CAV-infected birds. While comparing healthy and infected chicken bone marrow, we observed a decreased mean erythroid cell percentage (39.95 versus 17.95%), myeloid cell percentage (57.29 versus 21.98%) and the mean M/E ratio (1.43 ve...
Abeera Razzaq1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3 and Qingyou Liu3
Akram I. Aboelkhair1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2, Momtaz A. Shahin1 and Hussein A. Hussein2
...of LSD in sheep pox vaccinated cattle in Egypt.
Objective: In this study LSDV was isolated from sheep pox vaccinated cattle showing LSD signs to
confirm LSD viral infection even in sheep pox vaccinated cattle.
Methods: 130 Nodular samples were collected from 150 vaccinated cattle showing signs of LSD,
Then ...
Nagwa K. Meselhy1, Mohamed A. Abo El-khair1, Basem M. Ahmed2, Sherif A. El-Soally3,
Abdelhamid M. Fares1, Mohamed A. Nayel1 and Hussein A. Hussein2
...encing and phylogenetic analysis.
Results: The study revealed that 19% of our samples were positive to EHV-1 and phylogenetic
analysis showed that the Egyptian EHV-1 isolates were more than 99% similarity to European
abortogenic isolates (EHV-1 strains: Army 183 and Suffolk/48/2013). Indeed, the analysis reports that
these viruses are circula...
Hanaa A. Elsamadony1, Laila A. Tantawy1, Sabry E. Omar2 and Heba A. Abd Alah1
...v>histopathological examination. The positive samples were prepared and inoculated in SPF chicks' oneday-
old then at aged 10-days post-inoculation collected organs for PCR, sequencing and
immunohistochemically examination.
Results: There's one positive farm of age 100-days-old from Qalubia governorate. The
histopathological examination of po...
Othman N. O. Mansour 1, Naglaa Hagag 2, Momtaz A. Shahein 1, Sayed S. Hassan 1 Ahmed
A. EL-Sanousi 3 and Mohamed A. Shalaby3
...sease of
coronaviridae family which appeared firstly in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. MERS affects the lower
respiratory tract of human. There are many researches which emphasized that camels are carrier for
MERS-CoV.
Objective: This study aim to know the extent of prevalence of new Exotic diseases like MERS among
imported camels from some endemic countries in Africa, and to check our local breeds of camel...
Rana A. Rabiea1, Mohamed Fawzy2, Mohamed H. Khodeir3 and MokhtarM. EL-Tarabili2
...on of well-designed vaccination programs using highly potent
and safe vaccines.
Aim: The present study investigated the effect of simultaneous administration of inactivated AI
vaccine and live attenuated TRT vaccine on the immune response of turkey chickens.
Methods: Four groups of bronzy turkey chickens were used in this study; group-1 received live
attenuated TRT ...
Ayman S. El-Habbaa1 and Mervat E. Radwan2
...n detection and genetic analysis of BEF virus among suspected cattle in
August 2017, Qualyubia, Egypt.
Methods: Partial sequence was generated after detection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain
reaction (RT-PCR) and subsequent gel purification of the amplified products of G gene of BEF virus.
Results: BEF virus was circulating in this region. Sequence analysis of G-gene ...
Mohsen M. Elsharkawy1, Salem H. Homayed1, Mohamed M. Elsawy2 and Amr A. Khedr1
...9-1, as novel and safe management strategies
against the invasion of CMV in cucumber plants.
Methods: The fan was operated two times per day (8:00 am and 18:00 pm, each time for 30 min).
Moreover, cucumber plants were treated with cell free filtrate (CF) of GF 19-1 at 1 day before virus
inoculation.
Results: The wind velocity (2.6 m/s) resulted in decreased virus severity and titer compared with the
Allam A. Megahed, Badawi A. Othman, Samar S. El Masry, Abeer A. Faiesal and Mohamed A. Nasr Eldin
...tron microscope (TEM). Finally, the PVM
isolate was detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the sprouts
after dormancy breaking for the harvested potato tubers.
Results: The obtained results demonstrated that, PVM isolate causes severe symptoms on potato plants
under the greenhouse conditions. The infected potato cv. Diamant gave positive DAS-ELISA result
using polyc...
Samira M. Bolis1, Magda Mahmoud2, Salah E. Gumma3, Naser E. Bilal1 and
Isam ElKhidir4
...en in FEH. Results were analyzed using Statistical
Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16. The Chi-Square test tested the significance difference
between the HPV genotypes PCR findings and the Pap. smears. Figures were constructed using
Microsoft Exel 2007.
Results: Eleven specimens 23.4% (11/47) were positive for the low risk genotypes. Twenty specimens
42.6% (20/47) were positive for genotypes...
Ahmed K. El-Attar1, Samah A. Mokbel1 and Om-Hashem M. EL-Banna2
...v>
sequence determination. Ultra-structural responses of basil leaf cells infected with a
morphologically distinct RNA virus, AMV, were studied. Molecular characterization and
phylogenetic analysis were performed for the AMV coat protein (CP) gene. An amplicon of the
predicted size (∼666 bp) derived from O. b...
Riham H. Bassam, Hussein A. Hussein, Mohamed M. Amer, Basem M. Ahmed and Ahmed A. El-Sanousi
...ization. Also; sequence analysis of the same IBV-positive samples.
Results: flocks had shown high discrepancy of CV% values with regard to ELISA results against IB
virus. Out of 60 flocks tested; 12 were positive to the presence of IBV by rt-RT-PCR despite the fact
that the detected flocks had a history of previous IBV vaccination except for backyard chickens and
ducks. Sequenc...
Riham H. Bassam, Hussein A. Hussein, Mohamed M. Amer and Ahmed A. El-Sanousi
...696 and
designated A/chicken/Lebanon/21-E03/2018 (H9N2). Phylogenetic analysis of the obtained sequence
cluster the characterized strain along with (formerly) G1-like viruses’ subtype B like those circulating
in the Middle East.
Conclusion: the AI H9N2 avian influenza virus is circulating causing major problem among chickens.
More studies need to be addressed ...
Aml S. El-Saadany1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2 and Hussien A. Hussien2
...n flocks which were vaccinated with classical IBDV
vaccines and demonstrated IBD characteristic lesions.
Objective: In present study the aim was to molecular characterize IBDV field strains detected in flocks
located in 4 governorates. Also, a phylogenetic analysis based on the sequence of the hyper variable
region of VP2 gene was carried out.
Methods: Forty field b...
Mohamed F. ElKersh1, Fatma M. Abdalla2, Gamilat K. Farg2, Soad A. Nasef3, Ahmed A. Ali2
...n of AIV done via good managemental procedures, as well as strict quarantine measures and enhanced bio-security. Regular diagnosis and viral screening will be helpful in the eradication of the new strains to predict the newly coming waves of infection and to be able to develop the recommended vaccines. Objective: Our study aimed for Molecular Diagnosis of Avian influenza virus (AIV) from Different Avian Species that would be useful to detect the current strain...
Shimaa M. Gad1, Ahmed A. Kheder1, Mohamed A. Awad 2
...div>several commercial ornamental plants, leads to serious economic losses all over the world. During
2017-2018, gazania showing phyllody, yellowing, proliferation, virescence and little leaf symptoms
was observed Giza, Egypt.
Objective: The current work aims the detection and molecular identification of phytoplasma infecting
Gazania in Egypt.
Methods: Phytoplasma disease was detected and isolated fro...
Hanan Sayed1, Mohamed S. Madkour1, Hussein A. Hussein2, Mounir Mohamed Elsaft 3,
Marwa F. El saied3, Ahmed A El-Sanousi2
...r H9N2 and NDV post vaccination by inactivated
trivalent (H9N2, LaSota, M41 and Var2 IB) vaccine based mainly on repetition of challenge.
Methods: We prepared formalin inactivated combined vaccine for Avian Influenza (H9N2N),
Newcastle (La), and IB (M41 and Var 2) by using montanide 71 adjuvant. The prepared vaccine was
injected intramuscular...
Hanan Sayed 1, Mohamed S. Madkour 1, Hussein A. Hussein 2, Ahmed A El-Sanousi 2
...(M41 and Var2) post vaccination by
inactivated combined (H9N2, LaSota, M41 and Var2 IB) vaccine based on laboratory tests and
repetition of challenge test.
Methods: We prepared formalin inactivated combined vaccine for Avian Influenza (H9N2N),
Newcastle (La), and IB (M41 and Var 2) by using montanide 71 adjuvant. The prepared vaccine was
Ahmed M. Soliman
...agated in healthy Nicotiana benthamiana. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with specific primers designed for the coat protein gene of CMV were used to detect the virus. RT-PCR products (657 bp) of coat protein gene of CMV were cloned and then sequenced.
Results: CMV was isolated from four vegetable crops (cucumber, tomato, pepper and watermelon...
Mohsen M. Elsharkawy1, Sara E. Hanbal2, Samir A. Sidaros1, Mohamed M. Elsawy2, Ali H. Hamed2
...perellum SKT1 as a sustainable method to control the invasion of BYMV in faba bean plants.
Methods: Faba bean plants were treated with PGPF isolates at 2 days prior to BYMV inoculation. Disease severity and virus titer were estimated at 1, 2 and 3 weeks after virus inoculation. The transcription profile related to defense genes was evaluated at 1, 2 and 3 weeks after BYMV inoculation by quantitative real-time PCR ana...
Shimaa A. Khalaf1 , Mohsen M. Elsharkawy2, Samir A. Sidaros2, Shawky A. El Kewey2, Ayman F. Omar2, Ali Hamed1
...house conditions. Additionally, the expression levels of defense genes were assessed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) analysis.
Results: Both of virus severity and titer were significantly reduced in treated plants in comparison with the control. All growth characters and yield of cucumber plants were increased in GU23-3 treated plants than the control. RT-PCR analysis rev...
Youssef A. Elgharbawy1, Mervat M. Ali1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2, Mohamed A. Shalaby2
...irus (SPV) used for vaccination cattle flocks against LSD due to immunological relationship between LSD and SPV. There have been numerous attempts to produce live attenuated LSD vaccine but it has stopped due to the seriousness of the disease's return to its virulence and the post vaccinal reaction of the vaccine so we prepare inactivated LSD virus(LSDV) vaccine to immunize the cattle with...
Abdelaziz A. Yassin, Ayman H. El Deeb, Abeer E. Mansour, Hussein A. Hussein
...(sero-negative for FMDV) native breed calves (6-12 months of age) were used to study the cytokine profile including IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ and antibody response of calves vaccinated with conventional inactivated trivalent FMD vaccine. Expression of Th1 and Th2 was determined using quantitative ELISA. Results reveled peaks of IL-4 at 7th day, IFN-γ...
Huda S. Darwish 1, Om-hashem M. El-Banna2, Mohamed S. Abbas3, Hoda M. Waziri 1, Maisa A. Awad1
...can infect herbaceous, ornamental and woody species including tomato,
tobacco, grape, apple, peach, cherry, apricot and raspberry. Both of sodium azide (NaN3) and ethyl
methanesulfonate (EMS) are known as chemical mutagens.
Objective: Study the effect of chemical mutagens (NaN3and EMS) on the resistance of (ToRSV) on
two different tomato cultivars and characterization induction...
Tahsin S. Shoala1, Ahmed K. El-Attar2, Ahmed I. Abd El Maksoud3
...
production. PLRV management became a challenge due to the economic importance of potato
(Solanum tuberosum L.), the fourth largest staple crop in the world. Our research was aiming
to manage PLRV In-Vitro.
Methods: Infected potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L. var. slany) were externally sterilized
and cultured in Murashige and Skoog med...
Wesley D. Nafarnda, Japhet H. Baraya, Olatunde H. Olabode, Malang K. Simon
...castle Disease (ND) vaccination has been documented as a
method for control of the disease with varied effects in scavenging rural poultry especially in Nigeria.
Aim: This cross sectional study was conducted to establish the impact of V4 thermostable ND
vaccination on rural poultry productivity using corn bran (dusa) as alterna
Hadeer M. Mossa, Ausama A. Yousif, Emad A. Aboelsoud, Mahmoud El Gamal, Ahmed El-
Sanousi
...iv>...
Ahmed A. ElWakil1, Ausama A. Yousif2 , Adel A. Fayed3, Ibrahim M. elsabagh2, Mahmoud
El Gamal2, Omnia H. Refaei3
...n
LSDV maintenance and transmission. Mechanical transmission of LSDV is well documented;
however, evidence of transovarian and transstadial transmission is a tick warrants an investigation into
the replication capacity of the virus in ticks. Transstadial occurs when virus remains with vector from
one life stage to the next and transovarian is transmission of virus from parent vector to its egg.
Object...
Mohamed M. Mashaly1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2, Momtaz A. Shahein1, Hussein A. Hussein2
... population despite vaccination, which may incur some
debates on the efficacy of current live attenuated vaccines against CaPVs. The virus isolation,
identification, and vaccine or other diagnostic preparations mainly depend on the proper culture used.
Objective: Our aim was to study the growth kinetic of recent LSDV isolate to determine the culture
properties of recent LSDV isolated from skin nodule that could b...
Soad, E. Elsayed 1, Mohammed A. Shalaby2, Ausama A. Yousef2, Abu bakr A. Agor1,
Sherouk E. Aly1
... control is through vaccination of the
livestock with a potent vaccine.
Objective: Process development of the current formulations and generating new ones is crucial.
Currently, Montanide ISA 206 is the adjuvant used in FMDV vaccine produced in Egypt which is
w/o/w microemulsion.
Methods: We aimed to increase the efficacy of the conventional formulation by convertin...
Shourok E. Aly 1, Karim Zaki1, Soad E. Elsayed2, M. Elgamal2, Ausama A. Yousef1, Mohamed A. Shalaby1
...
yearly vaccination of livestock using an aluminum hydroxide gel-adjuvanted inactivated Rift Valley
fever virus (RVFV) vaccine.
Objective: Herein, we aimed to enhance the immunogenicity of the conventional vaccine by
developing a smaller particle size vaccine formulation through ultrasonic dispersion of aluminum
hydroxide adjuvant...
Karim M. Selim1, Abdullah A. Selim1, abdelsattar Arafa1, Hussein A. Hussein2, Ahmed A. El-Sanousi2
...udy we compared two vaccination programs against NDV in chickens,
one using genotype VII inactivated and live NDV vaccine are available in the market and
second group used genotype II inactivated LaSota vaccine with live vaccine.
Method: NDV isolate designated NDV-GZ-986F-2015 was isolated from a commercial
Samah A. Mokbel, Eman A. Ahmed, Hanan F. El-Kammar, Ahmed A. Kheder
...lar
and internal structures of sugar beet leaves were rare.
Methods: The CMV was isolated from sugar beet samples collected during November 2018 from the
Fayoum governorate, exhibited symptoms of mosaic and leaf malformation. Detection was performed
depending on the presence of specific antibodies against CMV, and isolation from local lesions on
Chenopodium amaranticolor as a local lesion host. Eleven...
Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1*, Samra Ammara1, Muhammad Sikander Hayyat1, Shahbaz Hussain2, Muhammad Mansoor Javaid1, Abdul Rehman1 and Amjed Ali1
...kyl ether sulfate) for management of R. capitata in green gram crop. ...
Moazama Batool1*, Sajid Abdullah2, Huma Naz3, Mubashar Hussain4, Sadia Maalik1, Sajida Mushtaq1, Tanveer Ahmed5 and Laiba Shafique6
...ulation of metals in Channa marulius and Wallago attu exposed to 1/3rd of LC50 of chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd) for 8-week. In both treatments statistically significantly, variable responses viz. wet weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and specific growth rate (SGR) were determined. The control fish (unstressed) had significantly higher WG followed by Cr and Cd test mediums. The FI by C. marulius was significantly higher as 12.83&p...
Md. Abdullah Al Mamun1,2*, Shamima Nasren1,3, Sanjay Singh Rathore1 and Kavalagiriyanahalli Srinivasiah Ramesh1
...e fish. Microscopic examinations of A. japonicus revealed that most of these were at juvenile stages. Infested fish were transferred to the glass aquaria (60 L) and treated with 4 treatments for 15 days: I) Potassium permanganate II) Aquarium salt III) Formalin and IV) Mechanical. The significant lower (P<0.05) parasitic burden were found in mechanical treatment followed by salt, formalin and potassium permanga
Gulnaz Ismaylova
...consists mainly of hexagonal and sometimes pentagonal shapes with pyramidal projections at the apex of the corners). The distribution map (scale of 1: 500000) of O. japonica in the study areas was prepared in a digital database using geographic spatial analysis using the ArcGIS (Geographic Information System) program. ...
Aliya Munir1, Sajid Abdullah1*, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Tanveer Ahmed3 and Zahid Farooq2
...ls and liver of fish Channa striata exposed to LC50 concentration (1.374µgL-1) of deltamethrin+endosulfan (DM+ES) mixture for 4-day. Sampling was performed after a 24-hr period. Fish were sacrificed and organs were collected to calculate the POx activity. It was observed that the exposure of DM+ES significantly accelerated the POx level in gills, liver and kidney of fish in a time dependent manner. ...
Ljupco Angelovski*, Zagorka Popova, Katerina Blagoevska, Sandra Mojsova, Marija Ratkova Manovska, Mirko Prodanov, Dean Jankuloski, Pavle Sekulovski
...d in the human and veterinary medicine. In this study samples were taken from three points in the broiler meat production (farm, slaughter line and cold storage of the meat before shipping to the market). A total of 283 samples (cloacal swabs, caeca and carcass swabs) were analyzed for the presence of C. jejuni. The isolates of C. jejuni were confirmed with the conventiona
Anila Kousar, Muhammad Naeem*, Samrah Masud, Abir Ishtiaq, Zara Naeem and Rabia Iqbal
...ometer was used for the analysis of whole-body elemental concentrations in relation to fish size under the influence of various dietary protein levels. The concentrations of K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Pb and Cd were quantified for T1, T2 and T3 fish samples. An increasing trend was observed in the concentrations of studied elements with the increase of dietary crude protein in fish feed. The elemental concentration in the carcasses of studied GIFT yielded similar ...
Nadeem Anwar1, Muhammad Luqman2*, Shaoib Nasir3, Moazzam Sabir1, Hafiz Bashir Ahmad4 and Saleem Ashraf5
...citrus cultivation. The analysis of Socio-economic characteristics of farmers sums up that the area under citrus cultivation is the most influencing characteristic that changes the marketing behavior of the farmers. Whereas the constraint analysis sums up that; large majority (83.6%) of farmers reported high price of inputs as a key hurdle. Majority of the respondents revealed their concern on rising inflation in the country...
Zainab Iftikhar, Muhammad Arif, Iqbal Munir and Sajid Ali
...rst experiment of preliminary testing of 416 Chinese wheat hybrids along with 5 local checks tested during 2017-18, significant variability (P<0.01) was observed for days to jointing and booting, the parameters related to crop duration. The overall impact was negative on the crop duration, resulting in selection of earlier lines. Although selection increased the mean value, the variability decreased for most of the parameters. Variability in Chinese hybrids...
Bakhtiar Gul*, Saleetha Rabial and Haroon Khan
...t of herbicides on the management, growth and reproduction of duckweed (Lemna minor). The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replecations and various herbicidal treatments. Duckweed was collected from fresh water bodies and transferred to the experimental units (pots). Data were recordrd on fresh biomass, budding (%), duckweed mortality (%), plant growth, root length, frond diameter, gro...
Muhammad Nasir1, Muhammad Usman Asif2*, Abdul Hayee Abid1, Qurat ul Ain Haneef1 and Muhammad Awais2
...ce. Multiple regression analysis was used to estimate the combined as well as individual impact of maximum and minimum temperature and relative humidity on population fluctuation of insect pests. The R2 values indicated that maximum and minimum temperature were the most influential factors and played a significant role in the population fluctuation of the studied insect pests as well as CLCuV. The results of the study may be helpful to the pest ma
Ramazan Erdogan1*, Mikail Tel2, Vedat Cinar2 and Ragip Pala2
...f rats fed on zinc picolinate supplement diet. A total of 42 male 8-week-old Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, each of seven; Control (C), Zinc picolinate (ZP), Chronic exercise (CE), Chronic exercise+Zin picolinate (CE+ZP), Acute exercise (AE), Acute exercise+Zinc picolinate (AE+ZP). Rats were subjected to a 30-min running test 5 d...
Ibadullah Jan1*, Iqbal Munir2, Inamullah Khan3, Syed Muhammad Suhail4 and Aqib Iqbal2
...vone), obtained from Dodonaea viscosa, as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic along with in vivo acute toxicity in the animal model. Different techniques such as xylene induced ear edema model, Carrageenan induced paw edema model, Hot plate pain model, Ethanoic acid-induced pain model, Yeast instigated pyrexia model acute toxicity model was used to investigate Dosiflavone. Dos...
Pukhtoon Yar1*, Salman Khan2, Du Ying1 and Muhammad Israr3
...istan and focusing on China Pakistan Economic Corridor’s (CPEC) role in addressing these issues. The agriculture sector is playing a major role in the economic development of Pakistan and this sector has greatly sustained rural livelihood. There are three various stages for the successful execution of the projects under the umbrella of CPEC. The agriculture sector would be directly or indirectly benefited from these projects, currently ongoing under CPEC...
Ameer Hamza1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor Us-Sabah1, Ghulam Sarwar1 and Muhammad Luqman2,*
...t toward achieving sustainable agriculture in developing countries like Pakistan. Shortage of good quality water compels the farmers to use brackish water. Use of saline water along with leaching fraction could be useful by keeping low concentration of salts in the root surrounding area. This study assessed the role of leaching in alleviating the negative effect of saline water on soil characteristics. Results of the studies indicated that 6.57% reduction in s...
Shakeel Ahmad1, Muhammad Israr2*, Muhammad Amin3, Muhammad Sadiq Hashmi4, Nafees Ahmad5 and Rasheed Ahmad6
... in developing and sustainable management of natural resources. The northern mountains of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan are rich in biodiversity and provide fragmented and fragile ecosystem services while vulnerability to the rapid changes in LULC with irreversible impacts on ecosystems, especially in district Shangla. Real-time monitoring and assessment are essential to understand such chan...
Md. Sahidur Rahman1*, Tishita Ape1, Md. Islam1 and Sharmin Chowdhury2
...="text-align: justify;">Inappropriate antibiotic use in dairy farms poses a major hazard to food safety and leads to the development of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms. We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the perspective of dairy farmers regarding antibiotic use as well as its residual and resistance effect. We collected data from 101 dairy farmers in Chattogram, Bangladesh. The results revealed that ceftri...
Khawaja Adeel Tariq1*, Hadhi Hassan Khan2, Shuja Zaib Afghan3 and Arslan Raza4
...on routine basis. The signalized and un-signalized intersection design and research aid software (SIDRA) was used to analyze selected intersection. Topographic survey is conducted for the intersections. Traffic counts are measured manually on every intersection. The data calculated are then changed into Passenger Car Unit (PCU) by applying equivalency factor as recommended by Urban Unit Pu...
Jehan Dastagir, Muhammad Amir*, Bilal Ur Rehman, Shahid Hameed and Majad Ashraf
...l. This investigation is naturally followed by simulating different TCP versions such as TCP Tahoe, TCP Sack, TCP NewReno, TCP Reno and TCP Westwood for checking and comparing their effective resource utilization such as network Throughputs, comparative bandwidths, retransmission rates and window sizes. Simulations in this regard were carried through using NS-2 (Network Simulator-2) simulation software. From simulation results, as evident in this paper, TCP We...
Mian Ibad Ali Shah*, Yasir Saleem Afridi and Laiq Hasan
...understand the novel coronavirus using a global call. In response to but not limited to the call and extending the work to similar global pandemics, this work has been conducted on a dataset acquired from Pakistan’s COVID data. Analysis of the statistics and trends has been carried out and recommendations regarding the precautionary measures and implementation of controlling techniqu...
Reema Zia* and Noor Paio Khan
...ategy. The quantitative analyses of PSE and SRP reveals overall transfers from rice producers to society. The analysis depicts Pakistan’s stronger position towards WTO trade liberalization in the rice sector. Pakistan would not need to change any of its policies and would benefit from trade liberalization due to the expansion of rice production when world prices of rice rise as a result of the reduction of support in o...
Iftikhar ud Din* and Yousaf Hayat
...ricultural experiments, analysis of variance (ANOVA) is the widely used statistical methods for assessing the differences among the means of more than two treatments by considering single trait independently. In reality these traits are not independent and appropriate techniques for analyzing multiple traits simultaneously, is the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). This study deal...
Ghani Akbar*, Muhammad Asif and Zafar Islam
...ng compared with traditional open-air farming method in Potohar, a rainfed area in Pakistan. The results indicated increased production potential per unit of land (46%) and per unit of water (74%) and larger farm income (3.47 BCR) than the traditional open-air farming method. These production benefits can be instrumental in improving livelihood and nutrition of remotely located rain-fed farmers in the country in general and ...
Nusrat Habib
...is study is designed to analyze women’s livelihood situation in mountainous regions in the face of climate change with a qualitative methodology. Focus group discussions, participatory observations, and key informant interviews were used in collecting women’s perspectives. Flash floods, temperature rise, erratic rainfall, and land sliding were the main climatic hazards perceived by women. During the risks, the most vulnerable people were women and ...
Song Jiang1,2,3, Xianbin Mo1,2, Falin Zhou2,3, Jianhua Huang2,3, Qibin Yang2,3, Lishi Yang2,3 and Shigui Jiang2,3*
...ght and survival of Penaeus monodon families. In this study, 5400 P. monodon from 36 families were mixed cultureed with two kinds of different dietary levels of fish meal protein (Diet A and Diet B) for 56 days to analyze the genetic parameters of body weight and survival traits, as well as the interaction effect of genotype and environment. The results showed that the average body weight and survival rate of <...
Yongmin Li1,2, Huabin Zhang1, Xiaoyou Wu1, Dongwei Li 2, Peng Yan1 and Xiaobing Wu1*
... Ranoidea. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods supported the sister-group relationship between ((Rhacophoridae + Mantellidae) + Ranidae) and Dicroglossidae. Within Rhacophoridae, two species of the genus Rhacophorus (R. schlegelii and R. dennysi) were clustered together with the representative of the genus Polypedates (P. megacephalus), meanwhile, the representative of the g...
Bingjie Zhou1, Hitesh Bhagavanbhai Mangukiya1, Siva Bharath Merugu1, Fakhar-un-Nisa Yunus1, Yuchen Fan1, Zhenghua Wu1,* and Dawei Li1,2,*
...nction as a paracrine signal promoting tumor microenvironment formation. Beside cancer progression and drug resistance, the abnormal expression of AGR2 is also involved in diseases like asthma and inflammatory bowel disease. Studies on the role of AGR2 in tumor micro-environment can help potential therapeutic development. Here, we report the generation of a fluorescent functional AGR2 fusion protein as a powerful visual trac...
Jing Yu1*, Yao Lu1,2, Zhaojin Lin1, Pimao Chen1 and Yuting Feng1,3
...in the northern South China Sea (SCS), and is an important area for fishes spawning, feeding, breeding, and migrating. This study built the Suitability Index (SI) Model for the spatial-temporal distribution of spawning grounds in the WGW based on the simple non-linear regression, using satellite remote sensing and investigation data during April to June in 2014 and 2015. Satellite data including Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) and wat...
Liangkun Pan1, Qun-Lan Zhou1*, Bo Liu1, Jiaxing Yan2 and Ajun Sun1
...the cluster results. Dominant microbioorganisms of blunt snout bream at genus level were Cetobacterium spp., Lactococcus spp., CK-1C4-19, Rhodobacter spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Meanwhile it was found out that Lactococcus spp. preferred the foregut, while Cetobacterium spp. and Flavobacterium spp. preferred the hindgut. Domina...
Syed Ismat Hussain1, Khalid Mehmood2, Mudassar Khaliq3, Habib Anwar1, Syed Muhammad Zaka4, Ateeq ur Rehman5*, Muhammad Shahid6, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi5*, Ummad ud Din Umar5 and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar7
Ahmed Ali Moryani1, Nasir Rajput1*, Muhammad Naeem1, Atta Hussain Shah1 and Hidayatullah Soomro2
... Histomorphological examination of liver of broiler chicken supplemented with Compound-I and Compound-II in the coccidiosis challenged broiler chickens showed few pathological changes as compared to control (coccidiosis induced and without supplementation) group. In conclusion, supplementation of herbs mixture (Group E and F) at the dose 2ml/L to the coccidiosis challenged broiler chickens improve the overall performance and liver function....
Rupinder Kaur1,2*, Pretty Bhalla3, Jubin Kumar Saini4 and Sayeeduzzafar Qazi5
...rformance and organizational role stress is silent on various stressors associated with the role of government agricultural extension officials, which is one of the most important components of the entire agricultural system. The purpose of this exploratory study is to fill this gap with the identification of potential work stressors for this profession. The paper also aims to investigate whether employment type (permanent or temporary) affects the level of r...
Hina Afzal*, Sarfraz Hassan, Muhammad Khalid Bashir and Asghar Ali
...icies is achieving sustainable production growth. Continuous production growth is considered to be important for raising living standards. Agriculture’s Total Factor Productivity (TFP) is one of the major sources of production growth. It assesses influence of the economic and technical efficiency in the production of the desired output by combining factor inputs. The study focused on estimating total factor productivity growth in Pakistan’s economy...
Aamer Abbas1, Jabbar Khan1*, Mir Abid Hassan2, Asif Qayyum3 and Hamed Shafiq4
...on of prostaglandin, seminal fluid and endocrinology of reproductive process and thus results in male infertility. It was also here attempted to characterize the drastic effects of heavy metals on male infertility, the hormone analysis and genetic determination of SRY gene as some of infertile human had smaller sized testis. Blood and semen samples were collected from clinically dia...
Guan-bao Ning1, Sheng Niu1, Yue-jian Li1,2, Xiao-xiao Lu1,3, Shi-xiong Yang1, Ali-Raza Jahejo1, Ding Zhang1, Wei-fang Hao4, Wen-wei Gao1, Yu-jun Zhao1, Jian-hui Li1, Fang Yan1, Rong-kun Gao1, Yu-hai Bi1,5, Wen-xia Tian1* and Ling-xia Han6*
...hicken by transcriptome analysis. Twenty specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were divided into two groups as control and treatment. The chickens of treatment group were inoculated with MDV, and blood samples of two groups were obtained at 14 and 22 days post-infection (dpi) for RNA extraction. Transcriptome analysis was performed to explore the immune ...
Asma Chaudhary1, Qurat-ul-Ain Ahmad1, Afia Muhammad Akram1, Mehwish Iqtedar2 and Javed Iqbal Qazi3,*
...made yogurt, Sphingomonas sp. AsCh-P3 on growth, survival and biochemical constituents of Labeo rohita fingerlings challenged with well-renowned fish pathogenic bacterium Vibrio anguillarum. Positive control-C2 as well as experimental groups was challenged with V. anguillarum intraperitoneally. Probiotic treated feed with antibacterial potential against V. anguillarum was administered to experimental fishes in different group...
Dilan Ozmen Ozgun1, Gonca Alak2, Arzu Ucar2, Sinan Bilginer3, Halise Inci Gul3, Mahmut Kocaman2, Cem Yamalı3, Veysel Parlak2, Muhammed Atamanalp2, Ahmad Maslat4 and Telat Yanık2*
...hydrazinobenzenesulfonamide hydrochloride in 1:1.1 mol ratio in ethanol (25 ml) in the presence of glacial acetic acid (0.05 ml) was refluxed for synthesis of 4-(3-(4-Bromophenyl)-5-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) benzenesulfonamide, B4, for 7h at first experiment. Effects of B4 on antioxidant enzymes of gill and liver, and changes in hematological parameters were determined in rainbow tr...
Jie Gao1, Guannan Wang1, Chuang Zhou1, Megan Price2, Jinnan Ma1, Xiaohong Sun1, Benping Chen3, Xiuyue Zhang2 and Bisong Yue1*
Donglai Li1,Mei Han1,Huw Lloyd2, Linyu Jin1, Lei Zhang1, Jiangxia Yin1 and Dongmei Wan1*
...i>Parus varius in China. The results showed that 39.5% of nests were cuckolded and 16.4% of chicks were sired by extra-pair males. We found no evidence that male and female varied tits reduced their feeding rates or relative feeding effort to EPP broods, or that they decreased provisioning for EPY in mixed broods. There was also no direct effect of EPP on the reproductive success of breeding adults and the body condition nestlings near fledging. The lack o...
Muhammad Noman Koondhar1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1,*, Muhammad Ammar Khan2, Riaz Ahmed Leghari3 and Parkash Dewani4
...Salmonella contamination; isolation and identification of Salmonella serovars was done using the standard procedure, while antimicrobial profile was illuminated using the disk diffusion method. The results indicated that 21.34% beef samples exhibited the Salmonella contamina
Hassan Shahzad Khan1, Muhammad Tariq1*, Tariq Mukhtar2 and Asim Gulzar1
...s have been adopted to manage the vector of these diseases. The excessive use of insecticides has led to development of resistance in Aedes albopictus and negative impact on the environment and non-target organisms. To overcome these problems, emphasis is being laid for alternatives such as biopesticides which are environmental friendly and economical. Therefore, in the present study, the toxicity of eight plant extra...
Houqiang Luo1*, Yanfang Lan2, Ping Gan3, Wenjun Zhou4, Meng Wang1,
Bing Hu5, Zhuning Zhang5, Yu Bai1* and Kun Li6*
... pet dogs in Wenzhou, China. Serum samples were obtained from animal hospitals were examined for antibodies by commercial rapid in-clinic ELISA kits. Ticks were collected from dogs and molecular detection methods were used to identify the tick species and CME by amplification of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I and disulfide oxidoreductase gene, respectively. The results indicated that 1.29% of the serum samples were positive for E. canis, and 5.50% of ...
Song Jiang1,2,3, Ming-ge Zhuang1,2,3, Fa-lin Zhou1,2, Qi-bin Yang1, Jian-hua Huang1, Li-shi Yang1 and Shi-gui Jiang1*
...nt-size: small;">Traditional broodstock diets, being susceptible to virus attacks or carrying the virus to parent shrimps, bring a huge bio-security risk to shrimp breeding. This study was carried out to determine the feasibility of Pheretima tschiliensis as a replacement of traditional bait to accelerate the maturity of parent shrimps of Penaeus monodon, which was verified b...
Muhammad Khaled Siddiq1, Muhammad Adeeb Babar1,2*, Muhammad Akbar Khan1, Muhammad Umar Ijaz3,Sayyed Ghyour Abbas1, Muhammad Asim1, Asif Mahmood Qureshi4, Mahboob Iqbal4 and Muhammad Akhtar4
...e typical Pleistocene fauna of the Siwalik Group in Pakistan. The fossils of Bubalus platyceros described in this article were excavated from the Pleistocene of Sardhok. The collected specimens represent some of the rarest anatomical elements of the species, found in Pakistan for the first time, and add substantial knowledge on the anatomical features of Bu. platyce...
Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Potential of the Roots of Berberis brevissima Jafri. (Berberidaceae)
Zain Ullah1*, Anwar Ali Shad1 and Saqib Ali2
...(3) using spectroscopic analysis, including mass, 1D, and 2D NMR data techniques. The antibacterial assays of the obtained six oil sub-fractions (H-1 to H-6) were accomplished against S. epidermis, E. coli, and S. aureus bacterial strains and the results ranged from 10-18 mm zone of inhibition. The GC-MS analysis of the six oil sub-fractions (H-1 to H-6) confirmed the existence of linoleic acid, palmitic acid, and oleic acid...
Sami Ullah1, Bernhard Brümmer2 and Umar Ijaz Ahmed1*
...he main source of disseminating technical information to farmers which enhance their skills and in turn farm productivity. Livestock sector in the main sub sector of agriculture in Pakistan that contributes nearly 60% to agricultural value addition. In this study, we investigated the effects of extension services on market oriented dairy farms’ technical efficiency in Pakistan. The data was collected from 345 dairy farmers of Punjab through field survey....
Haroon Ur Rashid1*, Nazia Tahir2, Muhammad Zamin3, Naveed Shehzad4, Aman Ullah2, Bibi Zainub5 and Farooq Azam6
... Asia. Integrated weed management (IWM) is recommended to reduce our reliance on synthetic herbicides and sustainable maize production. In this study, different tillage regimes and various allelopathic treatments were integrated for weed management in spring planted maize at Agricultural Research Station, Swabi (KP), Pakistan during spring both years 2014 and 2015. The experiment was laid ...
Muhammad Jan1*, Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah1, Shoaib Akhtar1, Inam Ul Haq2, Muhammad Ramzan Anser1 and Iqra Yasmin1
...oron (B) to control alternate bearing of olive. In Pakistan, olive plantation is an initiative to minimize the Olive import, and to maximize olive plantation in Pothwar area as well as control climate change. There is no trend for fertilizer application among the Pakistani farmers. The increasing demand of olive oil and value added products like pickles jams and squash enforcing the farmer to produce more and more. The increasing demand creates the competition...
Sana Javeid* and Khalid Nawab
... an interview schedule; analysis were carried out by using cross-tabulation, frequency counts, percentages through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). To measure the poverty level of apple orchard growers, poverty score card was employed. In addition, bivariate analysis was used to examine relationship between various extension practices and poverty. Results of the study revealed that majority (60.1%) of the resp...
Nianhong Huang, Yan Wu, Yuanyuan Li* and Jinhong Zhao*
...aemoparasites infecting snakes. High parasitemia of Hepatozoon can negatively impact snake fitness, growth rate and reproductive output. Given that snakes are a valuable source of traditional Chinese medicinal materials and food consumption, stresses the importance of conducting a study on s
Nabila Kousar1, Tanzeela Riaz2, Anum Feroz1, Abdul Rauf Shakoori3 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1*
...ne and in different combinations i.e., 0.5:01, 01:0.5 and 1:1 against 4th instars of insecticide resistant populations of Trogoderma granarium collected from godowns of Gujranwala (GUW), D.G. khan (DGK), Okara (OKR), Lahore (LAB-S) and Layyah. The LC50 values of deltamethrin against 4th instar larvae of GUW, DGK, OKR, Layyah and LAB-S were 514, 353, 303, 189 and 98 ppm respectively whi...
Atta Muhammad Memon1, Ubedullah Kaka2*, Muhammad Umer3, Asghar Ali Kamboh4, Atique Ahmed Behan5, Habibullah Janyaro6, Yong Meng Goh7, Amir Bukhsh Kalhoro6, Jalila Abu8, Khaleeq ur Rehman Bhutto9 and Arsalan Maqbool10
...;">Smooth recovery from anaesthesia is vital in the restrain and surgery of animals, including birds. In birds, ketamine is often combined with alph2 agonists, which are respiratory depressants to ensure safe or balanced anaesthesia. The timing of administration and the effect on recovery for specific alhpa2 agonist antidotes in birds have not been widely investigated. This study was conducted to assess the reversal effects ...
Pengfei Liu*, Xuexue Qin and Fei Shang
...species is widespread in nature and has fascinated the evolutionary biologists for a long time. In order to avoid direct competition, closely related bird species that breed alongside each other are expected to use different habitats characteristics for nesting. We looked for possible differences in breeding ecology of two bird species, the plain laughingthrush Garrulax davidi concolor ...
Fahrauk Faramayuda1,2*, Totik Sri Mariani3, Elfahmi1,4 and Sukrasno1
...rieties of O. aristatus, namely purple, white-purple and white. The purple and white-purple population has started to decline. Efforts are needed to maintain the two varieties’ population, one of which is plant tissue culture. It is hoped that in vitro cultured plants contain the same secondary metabolites as the wild type. This study aims to identify the chemical content of two varieties of O. aristatus resulting from in vitro culture. The five-month-ol...
Khalid Mehmood1*, Abdul Rehman2 and Ammara Khan1
...of improved and conventional groundnut varieties. Logit model was estimated to determine the factors affecting the adoption of improved groundnut varieties. The empirical findings suggested that the input elasticity of production of improved groundnut varieties was greater than that of conventional ones. Most of the farmers considered the improved varieties superior to the conventional one...
Muhammad Madni Afzal1*, Shahbaz Talib Sahi1, Amer Habib1, Waqas Ashraf2, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan3, Muhammad Raheel2 and Qaiser Shakeel2
Moheem Khan1, Arif Ali1*, Shafique Ahmed Memon1, Taimoor Khan Qambrani2, Ghulam Khaliq3, Jahanzaib Khan1, Saghir Ahmed1, Azmat Hussain Abro4 and Sohail Azeem Baloch1
...pful technique for the management of T. castaneum because we found that all developmental stages of T. castaneum showed susceptibility on UV-B light that may be useful for the protection of stored grain products from T. castaneum infestation.
...
Experimental and Numerical Assessment of Masonry Infill on Seismic Performance of RC Frame Structure
Syed Azmat Ali Shah1*, Asfandyar Ahmed2, Khan Shahzada3, Syed Muhammad Ali4, Akhtar Naeem Khan5 and Akhter Gul6
... good relationship. The analysis results match very well with the experimental observations. For numerical modeling of the infill wall, a modified micro-modelling approach is selected where the head and bed joints are lumped into the bricks and an interface model was defined between these bricks representing the behavior of the mortar joint. Appropriate material models and damage criteria are employed for each mode of failure. A parametric study was then perfo...
Miloudi Hilali1*, Hanae El Monfalouti1, Larbi El Hammari2, Farid Amar3, Zakaria Mennane4, Malika Haddam5, Nadia Maata6 and Badr Eddine Kartah1
...hern Morocco where veterinary technology and control are absent depends, on local agricultural culture and community experiences local, therefore harvesting periods are related to the degree of maturity of the olives from the point of view of the village women, thus determines maturity for them, is not a scientific criterion, but a specific period of time or a particular season. The aim of present study was to determine the optimal olive harvest time, this stu...
Ghulam Muhiyuddin Kaloi1* and Mehrunisa Memon2
...sign with factorial combination of five concentrations of wastewater (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) and four rates of inorganic fertilizers (0, 1/3rd, 2/3rd and full) besides additional control (full recommended NPK). A total of 12 irrigations of wastewater were applied after two months of planting up to harvest of sugarcane (CPF-237). Application of 10% wastewater did not show any adverse effect on sugarcane quality and soil health...
Javed Anwar Shah1, Azhar Iqbal1, Muhammad Tariq Mahmood2, Muhammad Aslam3, Muneer Abbas4 and Ilyas Ahmad5*
...ctivity. Other disease management approaches are not more efficient and economical except to exploit the host plant resistance mechanism. The present study for screening of 60 elite chickpea lines was carried out for two consecutive years during 2017-18 and 2018-19 under controlled environment at pulses research Institute Faisalabad, Pakistan. Favorable conditions for disease incidence were developed by maintaining the temperature between15-20 °C and humid...
Pir Meher Ali Shah1*, Shahryar Shafique Qureshi1, Rizwan Aslam Butt2, Haider Ali3 and Shahid Khan4
...ork architecture. Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) techniques are employed to ensure high capacity. Furthermore, free space optical (FSO) links are employed at the distribution level (DL) to facilitate dense deployment of RRUs near the subscriber’s premises. The proposed model is analyzed in Optisystem, and it is observed to support 40 Gbps of data, over 4...
Asim Mushtaq1*, Asra Nafees1, Raza Muhammad Khan1, Amina Israr1 and Zaeem Uddin Ali2
...ment of continuous maintenance and even constructing it again guide us towards the cement concrete pavements. Cement concrete is advantageous over bituminous. It helps in investigating Polymer Fiber Reinforced Concrete (PFRC). PFRC enhances the reinforced concrete design, and it is proved as more durable than standard concrete pavements. The basic aim is to increase the compressive strength along with the tensile and flexural strength of PFRC. In particular, t...
Shoaib Khan1, Sida Hussain2, Amir Naveed1*, Nazia Wali3, Zafar Ullah1, Muhammad Arif1, Muhammad Sadiq4 and Muhammad Asif5
...0kW. Sensitivity analysis of the designed machine is done by varying the hyper-parameters of the wind turbine generators.
...
Hina Fatima1*, Bushra Yasmin2 and Lal Khan Almas3
...ciency and productivity analysis of bitter gourd-capsicum multiple cropping systems under tunnels in Punjab, Pakistan. Given the wide land fragmentation and high population pressure, this is the dire need of time to get farmers involved in advanced and intensive farming techniques to attain self-sufficiency in production. This study conducted the efficiency and productivity analysis by applying the parametric and non-paramet...
M. Azam, Iqtidar Hussaian*, Ghazanfar ullah, A.A. Khakwani, M.S. Baloch, K. Waseem, M. Amjed Nadeem and M.K. Javaid
...this changing climate scenario to have better yield. The experiment was conducted to study the response of transplanting dates and seedlings densities on fine rice variety “Super Basmati” at Agronomic Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan during 2017. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized complete block design with three replications, because of two factors and four levels of each; split plot design was car...
Muzamil Farooque Jamali1, Fayaz Ali Jamali1, Tanveer Fatima Miano1, Zulfiqar Ali Abbasi2, Sohail Ahmed Otho3, Khalid Hussain Talpur4, Niaz Ahmed Wahocho1 and Muhammad Iqbal Jakhro5*
... plants irrigated with canal water (control) having EC of 0.7 dSm-1 showed better results for both seed and flowering related traits. The plants treated with canal water showed better seed germination (82.56 %), seed germination index (2.04), plant height (21.31 cm), branches/plant (45.61), leaves/plant (201.67), flowers/plant (8.56), diameter of flower ...
Arshad Khan1, Mohammad Ihsan1, Ali Hazrat1*, Mohammad Nisar1, Muhammad Laiq1, Maryam Bibi1, Nasir Ali2, Ulfat Naz1, Muhammad Zakria1, Nausheen Nazir3, Adam Khan4 and Muhammad Asif Nawaz5
...7.7 to 48g. Correlation analysis revealed that leaf width was strongly significant with leaf length (0.454**), 100 seed weight with leaf length (0.289**), seed width was also found strongly significant with seed length (0.246*), and 100 seed weight was found significant with seed length (0.236*). On the basis of Cluster analysis, all the genotypes were divided into two linkages and further divided into 7 sub clusters. Every ...
Izaz Hussain, Ahmad Khan* and Habib Akbar
...hould be applied in combination with 50 L BM ha-1 and/or 6 kg HA ha-1 for improving the mineral N availability and maize productivity....
Masudul Haq Wani and Arshad Bhat*
...t, evaluation and dissemination. By adopting high advance impact assessment technologies and models, the study reveals that under medium density plantation at 2×2.5m (2000 trees/ha) resulted in the productivity of at least 3 mt/ha, the average productivity gain will shoot up from 0.96 MT/ha to about 3.00 MT/ha. thereby, improving the productivity by 3 fold, employability which went up from 260 to 810 man-days/ha. The results further revealed that with an...
Arbab Zubair Ahmad1, Farman Ullah1, Hayat Badshah2, Muhammad Shehzad Khan1* and Bashir Ahmad1
...arch Institute (ARI), Tarnab, Peshawar-Pakistan during, 2017-2018. The cereals (maize, oat, wheat and barley) were evaluated on the basis of total adult emergence, egg laying ability, developmental time of S. cerealella and enhancing parasitism along with sex ratio of T. chilonis raised on eggs from moths reared on cereals. The response of cereals to S. cerealella in no choice test revealed significantly greater adult emergence (18.9±12.6) and egg layin...
Hafsa Naheed* and Hidayat-Ur-Rahman
...ke-1 and kernel weight. Analysis of variance indicated that the main environmental effects, genotypic effects as well as interaction effects were significant for all the traits studied, indicating that the performance of most of the genotypes was not the same across the environments. Various stability parameters; Eberhart and Russell, Perkin and Jinks and Finlay and Wilkinsons models were used to determine stability. Considering the Eberhart and Russell’...
Sajid Abdullah1*, Huma Naz2*, Zunera Abbas1, Uzma Nazir1, Mehrunisa Basharat1, Tanveer Ahmed3, Adnan Ahmad Qazi2
...nt cause of water contamination. This increase in heavy metals cause genetic damage in exposed species like fish. Therefore, this study focused on the genotoxic effects of lead (Pb), chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd) on nuclear abnormalities in peripheral erythrocytes of Wallago attu were assessed by micronucleus assay. Fish were exposed to different concentrations (1/3rd, 1/4th, 1/5thand 1/7th of LC50) of Pb, Cr and Cd, separately, for three weeks. Blood sample ...
Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Nimra Altaf1, Muhammad Afzal2
...s psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Homoptera: Liviidae) and citrus leafminer (CLM), Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) are imperative insect pests of citrus orchards due to their relation with bacterial diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of soil-applied insecticides against these insect pests. The results of present study showed that soil application of imidacloprid gave a significant con...
Tanzeela Riaz1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2*, Syed Shahid Ali2 and Mushtaq Ahmad Saleem1
...beetle, Trogoderma granarium, at different exposure periods (24-120 h) was determined. Two populations of khapra beetle used in this research possessed different levels of susceptibility to phosphine. Based on LC50 one population was termed as a susceptible population (never exposed to phosphine previously) while the other was a tolerant population (having a history of phosphine fumigation for 13 years). The LC50 of 4th ...
Tanmoy Mandal1 and Sunil Kr. Ghosh2*
...lant (Machilus bombycina King) because of their high nutritional value. Rearing becomes difficult due to attack of large number of insect-pests on som plant. Leaf miner(Phytomyza spp.)(Diptera: Agromyzidae) is a major pest and very harmful to som plant leaves. From observation it is found that leaf miner was found active throughout the year on som plant leaves. Higher population level was maintained duri...
Ahmet Arpacık
...>. Based on the one-way analysis of variance, significant differences were identified in both hair length and diameter, medullary diameter and index, and hair root diameter values among the three species (P <0.05).
...
Zunaira Noreen* and Khawar Sultan
...ge numbers of wild avifauna for food subsidies and transforming landfills into new habitats by changing the wild profile of native species. This study aims to establish the baseline situation of avian diversity and abundance on various land uses including the landfill at Gujranwala in northeastern Punjab, Pakistan, and understanding the impact of urban solid waste in changing bird behavior. Field observations in a variety of...
Chao-Qun Shi1, Hong-Ying Lin1, Jin-Qing Zheng1, Fan Yang1, Kwame Ayisi Lartey1, Dan-Ju Kang1, Hwa-Chian Robert Wang2, Ravi Gooneratne3*and Jin-Jun Chen1*
...or the genus Chromolaena. Chromolaena odorata Linn. (CO) is used in folklore medicines to treat gastrointestinal diseases such as diarrhoea. This study examined the feasibility of total flavonoids from C. odorata (TFCO) as an antibacterial agent in vitro, and the mechanism of action of TFCO in combating Escherichia coli-induced diarrhoea in mice. MBC...
Mona Kadry, Sara Mohamed Nader*, Esraa A. Elshafiee and Zeinab S. Ahmed
...ngers to human and veterinary Medicine. β-lactam resistant Salmonellae are of great concern as they are becoming multi-drug resistant. This study describes the role of chicken in harboring and environmental spread of ESBL and carbapenemase - producing Salmonella spp, which could pose a potential hazard to human and animal health. A total of 334 chicken meat samples, 197 eggshells and 160 human stool specimens were included in this study. The presence of s...
Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska1, Iwona Szatkowska1, Daniel Zaborski2*, Wilhelm Grzesiak2, Sara Tabor-Osińska1, Małgorzata Wasielewska1, Witold S. Proskura1, Wojciech Kruszyński3 and Edward Pawlina3
...typing. A bioinformatic analysis of the P1 regulatory sequence was also carried out. Three genotypes (TT, CT and CC) were identified. The CT genotype was the most frequent (0.40, 0.50 and 0.52 in Jerseys, HO and RW, respectively). The frequencies of the CC genotype were 0.22, 0.28 and 0.31 in the RW, Jersey and HO breeds, respectively, whereas those of the TT genotype were 0.19, 0.26, and 0.32 for HO, RW, and Jerseys, ...
Sen Liu1,2, Yue Zhu2, Haixia Leng2, Ying Wang1, Xiangju Yin1 and Yajun Zhao1*
...quinum (i.e., no pregnancy, nursing, or hibernation) was explored using the F-MSAP technique, including brown adipose tissue (BAT), brain (B), heart (H), kidney (K), liver (L), and muscle (M) tissues. An average of 67.0% CCGG loci was methylated in each tissue. There were significant methylation differences among tissues in full-methylation (p < 0.001) and total methylation (p = 0.001). Moreover, various...
Hui-Ming Li1, Bi-Ze Yang1, Xue-Jun Jin1,2, Lin-Miao Li1, Hai-Ying Jiang1,
Xiu-Juan Zhang1 and Jin-Ping Chen1*
.... The conservation and management of this species could benefit from a better understanding of its genetic diversity and structure. In this study, 24 novel SSRs were isolated from full-length transcriptome and they were used for assessing of parent-offspring relationship for M. javanica. All SSR markers were highly polymorphic with a mean of 6 alleles per locus, ranged from 2 to 10 alleles. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.62. Th...
Masoomeh Sohrabi Mollayousefi1* and Babak Moghaddasi2
... like salinity, pH, carbonate content, sediment particle size and peculiarities were measured in the pre-defined sampling sites. Our findings show that Foraminifera and Ostracods abundance negatively dependent to the sediment particles’ size while positively correlated with water carbonate content. Other macro faunal communities positively increased in their abundance where the sedim...
Kang Chen1,2, Dekui He1, Chengzhi Ding3,4, Yintao Jia1 and Yifeng Chen1*
...l for fish stock discrimination. Despite increasing studies of otoliths in marine ecosystems, feasibility of otolith shape as an investigative tool in freshwater fish assemblages needs to be validated. The aim of this study was to test stocks of Gymnocypris selincuoensis that may be distinguished using otolith shape from three rivers and eight lakes in northern Tibet. Shape indices (SDs) (form-factor, circularity, rectangularity, ellipticity, roundness,...
Aftab Raza Khan1, Azhar Abbas Khan2*, Javed Iqbal3, Arif Muhammad Khan4, Zeshan Hassan2, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif2 and Umbreen Shahzad2
...Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). However, its population has been significantly reduced in the desert ecosystem of Bhakkar (Punjab) Pakistan. The study was conducted to study the population ecology and breeding biology in relation to feeding habits of grey francolin in 16 different stands in Bhakkar, Punjab, Pakistan. The l...
Wanqiu Zhao1,2, Taoyan Yuan1, Li Chen2, Xue Du2, Weihu Chen4, Yan Fu1, Dong Niu3,* and Lizhi Lu2,*
... characterize the intestinal microbial communities in Zhedong White geese (a local breed in China) at different reproductive stages and to investigate the relationships between intestinal microflora and geese reproductive states. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing of geese duodenum content samples at three different stag...
HuaBin Zhang1,2, YaSen Li1, Tao Pan1, Peng Yan1, En Li1, Hui Xue1 and XiaoBing Wu1,*
...>Leptin is a multifunctional hormone encoded of the ob gene, plays an important role in food intake and energy homeostasis. Recent studies indicated that the role of leptin is much broader, such as the regulation of reproduction and hibernation. But so far the limited study of leptin and its receptor has investigated in Chinese alligator, Alligator sinensis. Therefore, we reported the presence and location of leptin a...
Iram Liaqat1,*, Safdar Ali Mirza2, Sumera Sajjad3, Shaukat Ali1,*, Muhammad Faiz Qamar4 and Ikram Ul Haq5
...0 genes. Bioinformatics analysis of flagellar assembly in S. typhimurium identified several conserved structural elements. In this study, FliI a flagellar protein required for flagellar assembly and involved in a specialized protein export pathway was cloned and overexpressed. ΔfliI mutant Salmonella strain was used to transform fliI overproducing plasmid pTrc99A by electroporation. Using vital dyes (Alexaflour 488), visualiza...
Hui Wang1,2, Yuchen Zhao1 and Xinpu Wang1,*
...sures, mowing, and sustainable grazing were used to help restore biodiversity and the production of the natural grasslands in China. The effects of grassland management on invertebrate diversity and its associated environmental factors were less reported in northern China. The relationship between the activity-density ...
Kawa A. Ali1*, Sazar S. Noraldeen2 and Arshad A. Yaseen2, 3
...could be used as an alternative method for destructive methods. ...
Muhammad Waheed* and Dost Muhammad
...izers can alter P fractionations in soil and boost up its availability to plant in calcareous soils. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted in the green house of the University of Agriculture Peshawar to assess changes in P fractionations and wheat seedlings growth in two diverse calcareous soils. The pretreated composts were prepared by mixing 0, 2 and 4 % P with FYM on dry weight basis either from RP (rock phosph...
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Nasir Ali Tauqir2 and Muhammad Shahid Nabeel3
...ts through biochemistry analyzer. The glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride values (P<0.05) were found to be 136.68±5.46, 57.12±4.44, 35.18±3.26 and 142.62±4.38, 59.32±4.26, 36.97±3.63 mg/dl respectively in August and February, being elevated in rut-camels. The total protein, urea and creatinine concentrations varied non-significantly among animals. While the calcium and phosphorus concentration (P<0.05) was foun...
Jo Ik-Hwan1, Choi Kwang-Won1, Muhammad Yaqoob2 and Muhammad Fiaz3*
...The collected data were analyzed using general linear model procedure through Statistical Analysis Software (SAS). Dry matter (DM) yield of triticale-vetch mixed crop was higher (P<0.05) at 150 kg N/ha level than that of control and not different (P>0.05) from that of 50 and 100 kg N/ha. The DM yield of triticale-pea was not different (P>0.05) from that of control and triticale-vetch mixed crop at all manure levels....
Khaliq Dad1, Muhammad Nawaz2*, Muhamamd Ibrahim3, Fengliang Zhao4, Rumsha Hassan2, Humaira Nawaz5, Muhammad Usman Saleem6, Kinat Javed2, Ayesha Komal2 and Hajra Naz2
...highly toxic metal which naturally exists in environment in small proportion but continuously increasing due to anthropogenic activities. The rapid increase in population is putting pressure on urbanization, agriculture and industrialization which have resulted in gradual increase in Cd level. It is released from industries as an impurity and pollutes soil, water and air in different ways. High solubility in water increases its mobility in the soil ecosystem. ...
Yanhong Hu* and Linkai Cui
...ls and a bioinformatics analysis. The result of immunofluorescence assay showed EpFAR to be localized to the cytoplasmic region, and the observed fluorescence pattern was characteristic of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins. Comparative analysis of the prediction results showed EpFAR was localized to the ER membrane. These results, combined with the localization of other FARs, suggested the importance of ER as a related sub...
Chaochao Hu1,2, Xue Xu1, Wenjia Yao1, Wei Liu3, Deyun Tai1, Wan Chen4 and Qing Chang1*
...estigating their evolutionary relationship by comparing 31 species in Charadriiformes.The complete mitochondrial genome of H. ostralegus is a circular molecule of 16,798 bp in length and the overall nucleotide composition of H-strand was A: 31.45%, T: 23.46%, C: 31.30%, G: 13.79%. In Charadriiformes mitogenomes, AT skews values were positive, while the values of GC skew were negative. We found a significant negative correlation between CBI and ENC, and ...
Zhongyong Wu1, Wenzhu Li2, Chunxia Ni1, Zhuolin He1, Xiao Hou1 and Wanxia Pu1*
...ifferent provinces in China, including Guizhou, Inner Mongolia, Shanghai, Sichuan, and Gansu. The results showed that the amplified product bands with three primers per isolate ranged from 1~9 and the product sizes from 240 to 4,500 bp. Primer OLP13 had the highest discriminant coefficient. The Staphylococcus aureus strains were divided into 11 genotypes by fingerprint with oligonucleotide primers OLP13. There were 12...
Mengke Wang1, Shucheng Huang2, Cai Zhang1*, Haizhou Gong1,
Shunan Cuan1, Shuaishuai Wang1, Qi Shao1, Wenhao Xu1, Sudan Meng1,
Pengfei Li1, Yuqin Wang1 and Zijun Yang1
... monoammonium-glycyrrhizinate in improving liver lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity of laying hens is unclear. The current study examined the ameliorative effects of monoammonium-glycyrrhizinate (MAG) on liver lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity in laying hens. One hundred eighty 320-day-old Hy-Line brown laying hens were allocated to five equal groups and administrated with the concentrations of 0 (control), 25...
Jia Li and Hong Yang*
...was increased via a combination of alkyl polyglucosides and alkaline treatment during the waste activated sludge (WAS) anaerobic fermentation. During the experimental study, the biodegradation efficiency of BaA was enhanced from 12.2% in the control to 25.6% at pH 10 and 46.7% at pH 10 and alkyl polyglucosides (APG) reactors. APG and alkaline treatment increased the BaA deposition desorption from the sludge and transfer into...
Junyan Bai1*, Rentaodi Wu2*, Qihang Hu1, Lema Dao2 and Xinghua Tian3
...nite bactrian camel was analyzed. The results show that, the average effective allele number, heterozygosity and polymorphism information content of 17 microsatellite markers in sunite bactrian camel were 2.8913, 0.6205 and 0.5602, respectively. The wool fineness of AB genotype of CMS36 locus was significantly higher than that of BB genotype (P<0.05). The wool fineness of AC genotype at YWLL44 locus was significantly higher than that of BD, BE and CE...
Huijuan Sheng1, Xiang Xu1, Haiqiang Yin1*and Muhammad Irfan1,2
...bed from Danxiashan National Nature Reserve in Guangdong, China. The new species is diagnosed, described and illustrated with photographs.
...
Arsalan Khan1*, Navid Anjum2, Muhammad Shuaib Khan3, Shakeeb Ullah3,
Ali Zaman3, Kamran Safdar3, Khalid Muhammad3, Ambrina Tariq4,
Muhammad Inam Malik3, Muhammad Kamal Shah3, Atiq ur Rehman3
and Hamza Maris3
...tic infections. Conventionally acaricides are used in the treatment of tick infestation in livestock but potentially satisfactory alternative technique is the immunological control against ticks infestation. Therefore, this study was planned to investigate the effect of crude extract of hard ticks and its application as a vaccine against hard ticks of the cattle. For this purpose, ticks were collected from cattle and crude e...
Jun Yan Bai*, Yu Chen, Qi Hang Hu, Zhi Hao Dong, Ying Lei, You Bing Yang, Shu Juan Zhao and You Zhi Pang
...eijing white quail) and analyze the association between ESR gene and growth traits of quails. The results show that three genotypes, CC, CT and TT, were detected in exon 4 of ESR1 gene in three quail populations. The highest frequencies of TT gene were 0.409 and 0.617 in China yellow quail and Korean quail, respectively. The highest frequencies of CC gene were 0.667 in Beijing white quail. For exon 4 of ESR1...
Ayman Balla Mustafa1, Abdalla Elgenaidi1, Aldukali Alkeskas1, Asim Faraz2,*, Ahmed Eisa Elhag3, Mohanad Bashari4 and Bernard Faye5
...in addition to its medicinal properties. A study was conducted to determine the impact of parity order on nutrition values of camel milk overall four months postpartum under modern system. Eight she-camels were selected immediately after calving and assigned to two equal groups, early lactation (GY) and mid lactation (GD). Both groups were managed together at the same environmental conditions under intensive system. Collecti...
Liping Liu and Pengfei Liu*
...ost, which possible originated from different migrating strategies with sex and age. Culmen length, wing length and tail length of male is longer than female, male is heavier than female in body mass, these differences showed slight male-biased sexual size dimorphism, the larger body size of male may have resulted from sexual selection, while pressure of natural selection may not be significant as the males and females were ...
Shuli Zhu, Yaqiu Liu, Weitao Chen, Xinhui Li and Yuefei Li*
... (Peters, 1881), Bangana decora (Peters, 1881), Ptychidio longibarbus (Fang, 1981)] from Liujiang River, China. Fishes were collected from local fish markets that using various fishing gears such as gillnets, castnets and shrimp cages in July and December 2018. The LWRs parameters a and b values for the four species varied 0.008861-0.02018 and 3.041-3.367. New maximum standard lengths for one spec...
Zhi-Ming Luo*, Xiao-Yan Wang, Jiong Yin, Ying-Kun Huang, Wen-Feng Li, Rong-Yue Zhang, Hong-Li Shan, Xiao-Yan Cang and Jie Li
...arieties is key to sustainable crop protection and integrate pest management. Here, were assessed resistance to damage caused by two species of borer in seedlings of 12 new sugarcane varieties. The results showed that there were differences in resistance among the varieties, where varieties YT60, GT31, GT29, LC05-136, and YT55 were classified as showing moderate resistance, YZ06-407, YZ05-51, ROC22, YZ05-49, YZ03-194, and FN...
Jun Yan Bai*, Zhi Hao Dong, Shu Juan Zhao, Ying Lei, You Bing Yang, Heng Cao and Kun Peng Shi
...study is to compare and analyze the carcass traits of french giant meat quail and savimalt meat quail in order to provide reference for breeding and improvement of meat quail. The results show that french giant meat quail shows far higher body weight, carcass weight, carcass net weight, breast muscle weight (total), leg muscle weight (single) and leg muscles rate compared to savimalt meat quail (P<0.05). Moreover, heart weight, liver weight, slaughte...
Yuzhou Luo1, Ping Wang1, Kaijun Yu2*, Song Luo3 and Longjie Sun4
...the sleep stages discrimination by breath sounds have been used as characteristic parameters for monitoring sleeping condition. Our objective was to determine and verify a high performance algorithm to correlate the sleep stages with respective stages of breath sound signals. The algorithm was designed for breath sound signals and was tested with several all-night days data acquired with o...
...erves the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation combined with tiotropium bromide on BODE index in clinical stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD) disease. For this purpose, a retrospective cohort was designed. In this work, 200 patients with COPD at stable stage were enrolled as research subjects. They were divided into the control group (n=100) given conventional tr...
Romaan Hayat Khattak, Zhensheng Liu* and Liwei Teng*
...have primarily destroyed natural habitats, due to which captive breeding has become an important conservation tool. Besides conservation, it also provides opportunities for education, research, and recreational activities. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, several wild ungulate species are raised in captivity. However, there is a lack of detailed information about the ex-situ conservation status of these species. The pr...
Tian Tian, Lili Luo*, Haiyan Wang and Lei Wang
...tudy was to observe and analyze the clinical value and nursing effect of β- human chorionic gonadotropin and progesterone monitoring on the treatment of ectopic pregnancy with methotrexate combined with mifepristone. One hundred and eighty patients with ectopic pregnancy were included in the study, all of whom were treated with methotrexate combined...
Aqsa Shahid1, Saima Muzammil1, Farhan Rasheed2,Bilal Aslam1, Muhammad Akhtar Ali3, Syed Zohaib Haider4, Masroor Ellahi Babar4, Muhammad Saeed1, Umair Waqas1 and Mohsin Khurshid1,*
...s, and API 20E and for final confirmation multiplex PCR was performed using genus and species-specific primers. The susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents including the aminoglycosides was determined by the Kirby-Bauer method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to aminoglycosides was evaluated by the broth microdilution method. Moreover, the armA genes were studied by PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. The isolates showed a high rate of r...
Yanqiang Zhou1, Lixin Wang1, Chunxiao Hao1, Xiuyun Li2, Shakeel Hussain1, Dongdong Shen1, Zhiwei Peng1, Qi`an Zhai1 and Zhijun Hou1,*
...evalence of gastrointestinal parasites in blue wildebeest, alpacas, and goats with same husbandry and fence site in Harbin Zoo, China. From August 2015 to August 2016, 507 fecal samples of blue wildebeest (188), alpacas (195) and goats (124) were examined for gastrointestinal parasites by saturated sodium chloride floatation technique. The microscopic ana
Amjed Ali1, Muhammad Tayyab1,*, Sehrish Firyal1, Abu Saeed Hashmi2, Asif Nadeem3, Shagufta Saeed1, Ali Raza Awan1 and Muhammad Wasim1
...vel production of recombinant β-lactamase from Bacillus subtilis R5. Supplementation of LB medium with various carbon sources including wheat bran, rice bran and molasses could increase the enzyme production from 25 to 43.7, 44.3 and 49 µmole/min whereas the nitrogen sources including tryptone, peptone and yeast extract could enhance the enzyme production from 25 to 40.21, 41 and 43.76 µmole/min, respectively. The highest β-lactama...
Niaz Muhammad1, Samina Yasin1, Zunaira Fatima1, Noor ul Ain1,
Muhammad Faizan2 and Sadaf Naz1*
...asia is an autosomal dominant disorder of rhizomelic dwarfism. It is predominantly caused by de novo mutations in FGFR3. This study was aimed to determine the common variants of FGFR3 in one inherited, and eighteen sporadic cases of achondroplasia from Pakistan. Sanger sequencing analysis of FGFR3 exon 9 revealed that more than 90%cases had the c.1138G>A p.(G...
Nasir Mahmood Cheema1*, Ghulam Shabbir2 and Nazakat Nawaz3
...lity were collected and analyzed having four sowing dates 15th July, 30th July, 15th August and 30th August using four varieties (DS-30, PR-7/1, PR101, Local) crop planted at National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad. Randomized complete block design (split plot) having three replications was followed by sowing dates and varieties. Castor bean oil was analyzed for fatty acid profile...
Hamza Tariq1, Nasir Ahmed Rajput1*, Muhammad Atiq1, Shahbaz Talib Sahi1, Abdul Rehman1, Abdul Rashid1, Muhammad Ahsan Khan2, Akhtar Hameed1,3 and Warda Modassar Saddique1
...d by Phytophthora nicotianae is the most damaging disease of citrus. In the present study, twelve varieties of citrus were screened against gummosis under natural field conditions under Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Among these varieties, Kumquat expressed a highly resistant response with lesion size (0.750 cm), Sweet Lemon exhibited resistant response with (1.616 cm) lesion size, Mangal Singh moderately resistant...
Fahima Khatun1, Abdullah-Al-Maruf2, Md. Mizanur Rahman2, Afroja Yasmin1, Mohammad Ali Zinnah3, Md. Aminul Islam4 and Mohammad Shah Alam5*
...ncidence of gastrointestinal parasitic diseases in cattle that were sick and brought to veterinary hospitals for treatment. Fecal samples were collected from the rectum and examined by direct smear method and helminths identified by the presence of characteristic eggs in the feces. This study was carried out with three age groups: calves (<1 year), young (1-3 years), and adult (>3 years) and three different consecutive...
Waqar Ali1,3*, Muhammad Yaqoob2, Abida Arshad1, Guifu Dai3,Safir Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Arshad Malik4, Imran Ullah1 and Ihsan Ullah1
...ccus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.2%), Salmonella (13.5%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (8.4%). Staphylococcus aureus was found most prevalent pathogen that causes mastitis in goats. The overall prevalence of goat mastitis was recorded (11.67%). Risk factor like age, lactation stage, parity number and unhygienic condition showed statistically significant association with the prevalence of mastitis in beetal goats. Antibiotics...
Yuli Andriani1*, Rintan Octaviana Julia1, Lintang Permata Sari Yuliadi1, Iskandar Iskandar1 and
Yaya Rukayadi2
...rfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) leaves meal (BPLM) as a source of natural pigment and its effect on the tail color quality of Swordtail fish (Xiphophorus helleri, Heckel. 1848). Completely Randomized Designed (CRD) was applied consisting of four treatments with three replications. The treatments were added 0 % (A), 1 %, (B), 6 % (C) and 12 % (D) of BPLM. The parameters observed included biochemical compound and...
Muhammad Aftab1*, Aneela Riaz2, Ghulam Sarwar3, Muhammad Arif1, Qudsia Nazir1, Ifra Saleem1, Sarfraz Hussain1, Abid Ali4, Abid Niaz1, Fakhar Mujeeb4, Khalid Mahmood5 and Sarfraz Nawaz6
Ayesha Gul1, Mohammad Sayyar Khan1*, Mazhar Ullah1 and Iqbal Munir3
...s revealed that invitro analysis of sugarcane calli against PEG may be a useful strategy for initial screening and selection of stress tolerant sugarcane lines to be used in the future breeding programs.
...
Hidayatullah1*, Sammia Mahroof1, Saleem Abid2, Naveeda Anjum3, Noor Habib4, Akhter Saeed5 and Muhammad Arshad Farooq1
...d beta-carotene, traditionally are the integral part of daily food in Pakistan. Like any other agricultural produce, chillies too have been greatly affected by erratic environmental conditions. So, it is important to assess yield stability in diverse environments. Therefore, stability analysis of six chilli advance breeding lines; NARC Chilli-1,
Muhammad Zubair Ishaq1, Umar Farooq1, Muhammad Asim Bhutta2*, Saghir Ahmad2, Amna Bibi2, Hafeez UR Rehman3, Umar Farooq3, Javaria Ashraf4 and Samaria Nisar4
...71 kg ha-1. Correlation analysis showed that seed cotton yield was positively correlated with the boll weight (0.738**) and number of bolls per plant (0.53**). Sowing dates in March, April, and May were grouped together in cluster no. 2, whereas sowing dates in June were grouped together in group 1. This study helps to optimize the sowing date to meet the climate changes and enhance the seed cotton yield....
Muhammad Bilal Tayyab1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Asam Riaz1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel2, Sylvain Nafiba Ouedraogo3, Muhammad Luqman4, Kanwer Shahzad Ahmed1 and Mujahid Tanvir1
...n citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Psyllidae: Hemiptera) and cotton aphid Aphis gossypii Glover (Aphididae: Hemiptera) are destructive sap-sucking pests of citrus and cotton, respectively. Extensive use of persistent synthetic insecticides against these pests poses issues of environmental contaminations and health hazards and suggests looking for alternate bioratio
Rosidah Rosidah1*, Angga Nugraha1, Yuli Andriani1, Kiki Haetami1, Olga Anne2 and Agus Heri Purnomo3
... is attacked by Aeromonas hydrophila (Chester, 1901). The method used was the experimental method using a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications was applied. The treatment used was immersion with A. vera extract with a concentration of treatment A
(0...
Ayu Suci Wulandari1, Siwi Indarti1,2*, Muhannad Illayan Massadeh3 and Nguyen Van Minh4
...om 0.90 to 1.36. The dominance of plant parasitic nematodes in garlic at various elevations varies at the elevations >1 600 m a.s.l, 1 201 m to 1 400 m a.s.l and < 1 000 m a.s.l. The dominating plant parasitic nematode was Ditylenchus sp., found at 1 401 m to 1 600 m a.s.l elevation, the predominant plant parasitic nematode was Helicotylenchus sp., found at 1 000 m to 1...
Ahmad Wahyudi1*, Sujono Sujono2, Listiari Hendraningsih2, Ari Prima2, Zane Vincēviča-Gaile3 and
Ivar Zekker4
...nto three types of feed, namely: conventional feed containing concentrate and forage without urea (CON), TMR, and TMR silage containing 1.5 % urea. The variables have been observed were feed intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) and average daily gain (ADG). The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and follo...
Naveed Farah1*, Izhar Ahmad Khan1, Asif Ali Abro2, Jehanzeb Masood Cheema3 and Muhammad Luqman4*
...and at first, a longitudinal analysis of Landsat imagery of land use was done through GIS and Remote Sensing for a time period of 2001-2016. The results of GIS analysis revealed that during the period 2001 to 2016, Faisalabad showed 24% increase in urban area and 23 % of this expansion consumed agricultural land. In Sahiwal, urban land has increased by 21 %, which encroached 13 % of agricu...
Rahmat Gul1*, Imran Khan1, Iftikhar Alam2, Zia Uddin1 and Zafar Iqbal3
...l Food Frequency Questionnaire are not capable to report on dietary intake in Ramadan. T o define the design of a Food Frequency Questionnaire to be used for the assessment of food intake during the fasting month of Ramadan. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018. Data on food intake was collected using a 24-hour dietary recall during the fasting month of Ram...
Usman Khalique*, Muhammad Zahid, Noor Fatima, Syed Jawad Ahmad Shah
...r study showed that seasonal mean population of aphid was found maximum on NIA Sarang (81.5 aphids per tiller) statistically higher than any other wheat variety while minimum mean aphid population (15.8 aphids per tiller) was recorded on Bathoor-08. Aphid resistance index values ranged widely among all 125 wheat varieties; 20 were moderately resistant having aphid population range 15 - 21. 41 varieties were lowly resistant having 22 - 31 aphids per tiller thro...
Reena Ambreen1, Sadaf Sarfraz1*, Fouzia Qamar2 and Shomaila Skinadar1
...emselves into structures named as micelles. The formation of these micelles is accountable for the hydrophobic substances that are solubilized in surfactant-water system. The present review focuses to study the effect of various parameters like pH, temperature, additive effect, surfactant structure and its concentration on the solubilizing power of surfactant molecules resulting in the exclusion of organic coloring agents/dyes which may serve as contami
Nazish Huma Khan1*, Mohammad Nafees2, Tooba Saeed3, Khaliq Ur Rahman4 and Adila Bashir2
...n planning solid waste management. In this context, this study aims to determine the organization’s role in record keeping and solid waste management in the Hayatabad Industrial Zone, Peshawar. To this end, a questionnaire survey was carried out among 105 industries and relevant government departments were interviewed. The solid waste generation rate for the operating industries was ...
Bushra Shaikh, Sadia Muniza Faraz*, Syed Riaz un Nabi Jafri, Syed Usman Ali
...er, an effective robotic navigation system demands efficient localization and path planning techniques. A map matching algorithm based on matrix matching is being proposed in this paper. The localization of robot is determined by the path acquired during the random maneuvering on the grid based maze, whereas, the shortest path to the target position is determined by estimating x and y coordinates. The algorithm interprets th...
Muhammad Dawood1,2, Naeem Sarwar2, Muhammad Umer Chattha1, Imran Khan1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha3*, Faiz Hussain4, Muhammad Mahmood Iqbal5, Muhammad Akram4, Hammad Husnain5, Muhammad Shahid5, Mussarrat Hussain6 and Muhammad Umair Hassan1
...ood security and nutritional needs of people across the globe. Management considerations play an imperious role in the final yield and quality. The cultivars differed significantly in terms of growth and yield. Therefore, cultivars should be properly select in order to get good quality and better yield. Therefore, this study was planned to screen out best cultivars for their yield potentia...
Najam-un-Nisa1, Ruqia Bibi1, Balqees Riaz1, Bushra Khalil1, Iqra Maheen1, Saima1, Uzma Islam Khan1 and Inam Ullah1,2*
...aims to assess the avifauna diversity in Dhapchapak lake and forest areas. There is no previous record of any detailed research on bird species in Dhapchapak lake and the forest area.The study was conducted to estimate the diversity and abundance of avifauna species found in dhapchapak wetland and forest during winter (2017-18 and 2018-19). As birds are the best indicator for environmental changes hence the migratory birds f...
Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Iram Liaqat*, Junaid Nadeem, Hammad Aamir and Shaukat Ali
...erial potential of Neoscona mukherji and N. theisi egg and web silk. For disk diffusion method, silk was first degummed to form degummed silk solution’ (DgS), then the degummed silk was dissolved to form the dissolved silk solution (DSS). The DgS and DSS solutions were tested against selected common pathogenic bacteria (Esherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium SJW1102, and Staphylococcus aureus ). According to the study, the DgS and DSS solutions of egg-s...
Hasnain Raza1*, Maryam Maqsood2, Muhammad Muzamil Nazir1, Iqra Tariq1, Kaynat Ahmed1, Qurat-ul-Ain1, Ali Raza2, Huda Bilal3, Muhammad Bilal Shoukat1, Attiq ur Rehman1, Awais Rasheed1 and Muhammad Zeshan Gulzar1
...re to heavy metal contamination can be considerably minimized. Innovative solutions to this universal problem are being provided through eco-technologies, such as constructed wetlands (CWs). CWs are among the most widely used natural water management options. CWs can be used for phytoremediation, which acts as a natural sink for toxins. The present paper...
Huda Bilal1, Hasnain Raza2*, Kaynat Ahmed2, Iqra Tariq2, Qurat-ul-Ain2, Sana Sarfaraz1, Sanaullah1, Maryam Maqsood3 and Ali Raza3
Muhammad Nauman1, Iftikhar Ali3, Nazir Ahmad1,2*, Fazli Ahad1 and Touheed Iqbal4
...aracters in Brassica carinata L. A total of 22 genotypes comprised of six parental lines and their 16 bulked F2 populations were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications at The University of Agriculture Peshawar during 2013-14. Data were recorded on oil content, protein content, oleic acid, glucosinolates, erucic acid, and linolenic acid. Significant genetic differences were observed for all the traits studied. Among parental lin...
Junaid Ahmad1, Shahzeb Javed2*, Mehmood Khan1, Shadman1, Muhammad Farooq3*, Muhammad Saleem4, Rahila Afzal5, Muhammad Aasim6, Naqeeb Ullah7, Muhammad Noman Khan8, Dawood8 and Naila Ilyas9
...ncidences of food contaminants emerge, which, if overlooked, can result in a variety of health risks, illness, outbreaks, and even death. The goal of this study was to look at the students’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices on food safety and cleanliness at a different institution in KPK, Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was done among 1000 government and private university students in KPK, Pakistan, using a self-ad...
Aiman Amur1*, Nasreen Memon1, Pervaiz Khan2 and Fozia Gull3
...suggesting future pest management strategies for controlling Pest.
...
Amir Muhammad Khan1, Laila Fayyaz2*, Raziuddin2, Sajid Ali1, Israr-ud-Din1, Sheraz Ahmad2, Haidar Ali1 and Ijaz Ahmad2
...lign: justify;">Brassica napus L. is one of the essential oilseed crops playing a significant role in commercial edible oil production. To determine diversity within this specie, ten different genotypes of B. napus L. including Chinese (CA-2, CA-4, CA-5) and doubled haploid lines from a population were field-tested at the University of Agriculture, Peshawar (UAP). Genotypes were examined for seven morphological traits includ...
Mona Mohammed EL-Derbawy1, Eman Naser Hafez2*,
Mona Abdel Daym Abd Rabbo1, Nagwa Ibrahim Toaleb3,
Saedia Abdel Hady Sayed El-Ahl1 and Bahaa Eldkeen Wade EL-Aswad4
...y aims to comparatively analyze normal and gamma radiation-attenuated Schistosoma mansoni cercarial antigens (SCA) by ELISA for serodiagnosis. Total IgG ELISA was assessed to evaluate the potency of two parts of Schistosoma mansoni ceracrial antigens (2000 each) one normal and other exposed to attenuating dose of 400 Gy gamma radiations. The study was conducted on fifty two individual sera samples divided as follows: Group І included 21 obtained...
Aneela Hameed1, Faqir Muhammad Anjum2, Zia ur Rehman3, Saeed Akhtar1, Asim Faraz4*, Majid Hussain1 and Amir Ismail1
...d milk. Minerals’ analysis of the milk samples were conducted and it was found that lactation stages have significant effect on minerals composition i.e. macro minerals (Na, Cl, K, Ca, Mg and P) and micro minerals (Zn and Cu) in milk. Oxytocin administration showed significant effect on milk minerals during various lactation stages as sodium, chloride and copper contents increased while potassium decreased. It was concluded that indiscrimi
Dong-Min Hou1, Ting Jia2, Chun-yan Liu1, Zheng-Kun Wang1 and Wan-Long Zhu1*
...(PPARα), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) of WAT were measured. The results showed that body mass, food intake and RMR were decreased in T. belangeri under FR condition, and the relative expressions of COX-2 and BMP7 in WAT were also declined. After refeeding, the above indexes were all recovered to the control level. But there were no significant differences between morpho...
Jun-Dong Tian1,2, Wei-Jie Guo1,2, Han Yan1, Jie Zhang1, Shu-Liao Tian3 and Ji-Qi Lu1,2,*
...ll;">Animal gastrointestinal tracts host rich and diverse microorganisms, and the microbial community could be affected by many factors including activity rhythm which responds to the timing of feces defecation. To test the effect of activity rhythm on fecal microbiota, we used non-invasive sampling method to collect the feces defecated in the morning (AM group) and afternoon (PM group) from a zoo rhesus macaque population. Then 16S rR...
Muhammad Mansha1*, Sidra Yaqub1, Asma Abdul Latif2, Muhammad Wasim3 and Peter C. Thomson4
...iation of premature termination of pregnancy with breast cancer. Two hundred breast cancer patients from INMOL hospital, Lahore (Pakistan) were interviewed on reproductive factors. HER2/neu levels were determined by ELISA from 52 patients and 37 age-matched control women. The results of survey study showed that “premature termination...
Anwar Khan1, Fareeha Nosheen2,4, Bushra Tabassum2*, Olawale Samuel Adeyinka2, Khurram Shehzad3, Naila Shahid2, Arif Muhammad Khan4 and Idrees Ahmad Nasir2
...ence or post transcriptional gene silencing is a regulatory conserved mechanism that uses small interfering RNAs to control the expression of desired gene by inhibiting mRNA transcription. The present study aims to investigate the potential role of different siRNA
Rizwana Sultan1, Asim Aslam1, Muhammad Yasin Tipu1, Habib ur Rehman2, Saba Usman1, Ahsan Anjum1,*, Muhammad Saeed Imran1, Muhammad Usman3 and Muhammad Zahid Iqbal3
... report on phylogenetic analysis of Eimeria tenella. In this retrospective study, tissue samples were collected from a flock of clinically infected chicken followed by haematology, serum biochemistry, and histopathology. Species specific PCR based on polymorphic site of the ITS1 gene was developed and used to identify the organism. Haematological examination of the blood demonstrated a decrease in total erythro...
Meiping Deng1, Xiaowen Ye1, Jiashan Wu1, Lijuan Chen1, Xiaoxia Jiang1, Changzheng Zhang1, Peiling Zhou1* and Yi Luo2*
... nut, which is a traditional medical herb widely used in tropical and subtropical countries, and has several cholinomimetic effects with parasympathetic features. This study was aimed to determine the role of arecoline on systemic blood pressure (BP) modulation and the modulatory characteristics. After rats were anaesthetized, saline or arecoline was intravenously administrated, and the systemic BP sig<...
Muhammad Javed Iqbal1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Khalid Abbas1 and Muhammad Shahid2
...s was added as an additional inert marker to determine the digestibility of nutrients. The results from present study were demonstrated that the dietary P/E ratio significantly affects digestibility of protein, lipid and gross energy. In addition, the interactions of protein and energy significantly (p < 0.05) affected the digestibility of crude proteins, lipids, gross energy however, no significant (p > 0.05) effect was observed in digestibility of dry ...
Li Qiao1,2, Quan Zhang1, Shubao Geng1,2, Fangmei Zhang1,2, Junhua Chen1,2 and Shibao Guo1,2,*
...l;">The effects of illumination of four LED wavelengths (440~450 nm, 460~465 nm, 600~605 nm and 490~495 nm) on egg quantity, oviposition rate and adult longevity of Ectropis grisescens Warren were investigated in laboratory. The results showed that the total egg quantity, oviposition rate and adult longevity were all affected. The egg number every female adult of E. grisescens Warren was reduced 37.36%, 26.17%, 41.88% and 35.11% contrast to the c...
Nagarathinam Arunkumar*, Jainullabudeen Gulsar Banu, Nagarajan Gopalakrishnan and Arkalgud Hiriyannaiah Prakash
...ssified into six genera, namely, Pseudoxanthomonas, Acinetobacter, Klebsiella, Providencia, Enterobacter, and Serratia. Acinetobacter lwoffii PSAD2 and A. beijerinckii PSAD7isolatesshowed the maximum lipase production of 2.3 U/mL and 1.7 U/mL, respectively, in the quantification process. In addition, the growth curve analysis confirme...
Liyun Chang1, Yingbin Chen1, Qian Kang1, JianhuaQin1,* and Zhiyong Liu2,*
...osis in mammalian intestinal tract. In this study, C. parvum infection model was established in Balb/c mice, followed by extraction of total RNA from small intestine of infected mice at 1, 3, 7 and 14 dpi, respectively. The relative expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 in the small intestine of Balb/cmice infected with C. parvum, were then detected usin...
Amal E. Abdel-Hady*, Sara M. El-Amir, Noura S. Al-Muttri and Heba M. El-Hariri
...cant adaption and functional value in lizards. In this paper, we examined the microornamenation of the outer surface of the dorsal scales from the mid-body region of Acanthodactylus opheodurus (Lacertidae), Mesalina guttulata guttulata (Lacertidae) and Trapelus ruderatus blanfordi (Agamidae). Skin specimens were prepared and investig...
Xueli Jiang1,2, Jie Gao3, Muhammad Zahid Sharif1,2, Xuewen Zhang4 and Fanglin Liu1,*
...a in southwestern China, and use data mining approach to model the relationships between nectar phenolics and bee losses. The results show that bee losses are closely related to the phenolics of isochlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid and galangin, identified from the sunflower nectar. The nectar phenolics do not cause bee-poisoning to death, but can trigger bee colonies to explore food sources at risk. Also, each of these phenolics a...
Essam H. Ibrahim1,2,3, Attalla F. El-kott1,4, Ali Alshehri1, Mona Kilany2,5, Reza Yavari6, Salahud Din7* and Diaa Massoud8,9
... tissue composed the lamina propria and thick masses of striated muscles constituted the bulk of the tongue. The lamina propria didn’t penetrate completely into the filiform papillae of the lateral margin. Numerous forms of lingual salivary glands with seromucous secrations were intermingled with the lingual muscles in the lingual root.
...
Song Jiang1,2, Xianbin Mo1,2, Falin Zhou2,3, Jianhua Huang2,3, Qibin Yang2,3, Lishi Yang2,3 and Shigui Jiang2,3*
...ates of 36 families of Penaeus monodon. The results showed that significant differences were observed in the weight gain of different P. monodon families fed with the same diet(P<0.05). The AGR (absolute weight gain rate) of the fastest weight gain families was 97.16% and 95.46% higher than that of the slowest weight gain families fed with Diet A and Diet B, respectively, but the order of weight gain of different families in the different diet groups was no...
Azhar Abbas Khan*, Humaira Kanwal, Sumair Batool, Zeshan Hassan, Jawad Munawar Shah, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif, Ahmad Nawaz, Hasan Taha and Yasir Ishfaq
...>) showed less impact on natural enemies in addition to suppression of T. tabaci and A. bigutulla.
...
Yonghua Liu*, Xianhua Li, Xiongfei Yan, Gang Li, Caiyun Luo and Ying He
...i>Trabala vishnou gigantina Yang is a leaf-eating pest, and there have been severe outbreaks of it in Hippophae rhamnoides plantations in North China. To study the effects of short-term high temperatures on its feeding, mating, longevity, and fecundity, T. vishnou gigantina were cultivated at 30, 35, and 40°C for 1, 2, and 4 h. The results showed that the different in...
Suhu Duan, Zaiqiang Li, Zhenzhen Fan, Mengran Qin, Xiaoxue Yu* and Liuan Li*
...fic production of functional eggs rich in DHA and ALA.
...
Gong Xue-na1, Jia Ting2, Zhang Di2 and Zhu Wanlong1*
...ations to cope with seasonal environmental changing, such as temperature, photoperiod, and food etc. To investigate the physiological and behavioral adaptation strategies in Eothenomys miletus of different areas from Hengduan mountain regions in response to high-fat diet, E. miletus in Jianchuan (JC) and Xianggelila (XGLL) were fed a high-fat (HF) diet for 4 weeks and returned to a low-fat (LF) diet for another 4 weeks, body mass, food intake, re...
Ou-Mei Hao1*, Xue-Feng Wang1, Zhi-Jun Yue1, Chun-Hong Nan1,Yan Yu1,Tong Zhang2,Yu-Feng Liu3 and Xue Zhao1
...MPP better than conventional treatments combined with western medicine.
...
Jialiang Han1, Guohou Liu1*, Wenke Bai2,3, Qixian Zou4, Ye Cao5, Caiquan Zhou2,3*, and Guy Michael Williams6
...ure Reserve, Guizhou, China, by analyzing the effects of various types of human disturbance on habitat use using the spatial simultaneous autoregressive error model (SAR). We found that habitat use intensity of François’ langur was positively correlated with slope and distance to roads but was negatively correlated with elevation and distance to bee-keeping locations and grazing locations. The effects of each di...
Muhammad Arslan Akbar1, Khalid Javed2, Asim Faraz3* and Abdul Waheed3
...ls. Principal component analyses of morphometric traits were done and two principal components were extracted in females with 66.02% variance and three components were extracted for males with 76.72% variance. PC1 of females had 56.27% variance and 57.51% for male animals. PCA of biometric traits showed that withers height, body length and heart girth had high values for both groups. Principal components were more suitable for ana
Milkessa Wakjira, Fikiru Temesgen*, Chala Hailu and Dabesa Wegari
...ne by administering personal interview. Descriptive statistics such as percentage, frequency, maximum, minimum, mean and standard deviation were used to measure the association and growth probability of MSEs. The major problems finding in the study area were facing multiple issues such as increase in cost of production, shortage of workers and reduction in sales and profit. More than 70% of participating respondents reported that they could not survive if the ...
Mukhtar Iderawumi Abdulraheem1*, Muhammad Ihtisham2*, Abiodun Yusuff Moshood3, Nawab Khan4, Muhammad Owais Shahid5, Shafiq Hussain6, Kumail Abbas6 and Fawad Zaman7
...who had a treatment combination of three weedings and polythene mulching, on the other hand, had the lowest incidence and severity of viral infection, while those who received no weeding and no mulching had the highest. At the 7th week after planting, the treatment combination of thrice weeding with polythene mulching had the lowest viral incidence of 18.75 percent, whereas the treatment combina
Kemi Funmilayo Omotesho1*, Philip Akintunde Fatodu1 and Toyin Benedict Ajibade2
...he performance of farms, national planning, budgeting for commercial agricultural development, and control of postharvest losses. The study analysed the record keeping behavior of youth farmers in Ekiti State. Specifically, it assessed the level of record keeping among farmers; examined their attitude towards record keeping; assessed the farmers’ knowledge of record keeping; determin...
Syed Rashid Ali1*, Saad Uddin Khan1 and Ahmed Raza ul Mustafa2
...ed to examine the functional association between exchange rate variability and behaviour of Pakistani rice producers. The Exchange rate volatility is measured through the Moving Average Standard Deviation and time-series data from 1981 to 2018 collected from various sources. This study uses the Johansen Co-integration and Vector error correction model to assess the short run and long run association between the exchange rate variability and rice production in ...
Malik Muhammad Shafi, Rabia Habib and Haidar Ali*
...etter household budget management technique to increase their savings....
Shahid Ali1*, Murtaza1, Waqas Ahmad1, Muhammad Israr2, Aftab Khan3, Hamdullah1 and Syed Attaullah Shah1
...ed to investigate determinants of rice yield in central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A random sample of 275 rice growers was selected from district Swabi, using a multi-stage random sampling procedure. Pre-tested interview schedule was used for collection of data from rice growers. Through Cobb-Douglas type production function (CDPF) data was analyzed. Results indicated that 1 percent increase in labor hours and urea increa...
Theophilus Miebi Gbigbi* and Rodney Akpoviri Isiorhovoja
...using structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings indicate that the average age of respondents was 43 years; majority (85%) of respondents were males with 16 years’ experience in exotic chicken production; 75% were married and 48% had secondary education. The mean household size was 5 persons. Budgetary analysis showed a net...
Hamida Bibi1*, Dave Rraffaelli2 and Muhammad Sharif1
...condition of ponds and canal system of North Yorkshire, UK. Samples of benthic communities from eight different stations were collected from the bed of ponds and canals with a pond net. The sites were varying in their qualities as determined in the laboratory by Average Score Per Texon (ASPT) as well as water conductivity. For most sites the body mass distributions were skewed towards smaller body sizes with another apparent...
Saadu Mustapha1,2, Norsida Man1*, Jasmin Arif Shah1, Nitty Hirawaty Kamarulzaman1 and Ahmadu Abubakar Tafida3
... using organized questionnaires administered to 254 respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used. The research used Rogers’ Theory of Innovation Diffusion, Rogers and Burde’s Theory of Social Change. The findings from the study have shown that GSM, radio, television, camera, internet, computer, CD/DVD player and VHS video are the most commonly used ICT components in various aspect of extension work. The multiple regression results r...
Farrukh Ilyas1, Durdana Qaiser Gillani2, Mudassar Yasin3, Muhammad Amjed Iqbal4, Iqbal Javed5*, Shahbaz Ahmad6 and Iftikhar Nabi7
Inam Ur Rahman1, Sanam Wagma Khattak2*, Muhammad Israr3 and Saima Hashim4
... study is an attempt to analyze food security situation in Pakistan. Food security, being a multi-dimensional phenomenon comprises of Food Availability, Food Accessibility, Food Utilization and Food Stability is calculated through linear scaling technique. The study has developed two thresholds each one for overall developing countries and regional countries (South Asia). The food security...
Nazeer Ahmed Lashari1*, Saghir Ahmed Sheikh2, Aijaz Hussain Soomro2 and ShamsuddinTunio3
...on bag. The statistical analysis showed that there was substantial variance between the varieties. Culinary superiority parameter such as WAR was ranged between 2.3 (DR-82 and IR-6). Volume expansion ratio was 0.8 in DR-82 and 5.70 in IR-6 in cotton bag. Present study concludes that the moisture (%) was highly increased in coarse varieties, 1000-grain weight was higher in DR-82 at 3 months storage in all packaging. Water abs...
Usman Asghar1*, Muhammad Faheem Malik1, Umer Rashid2, Naeem Mahmood Ashraf2, Sumera Afsheen1 and Muhammad Hashim1
..., In silico restriction analysis was performed for each specie. Restriction endonuclease TfiI was selected for further analysis. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was performed at the same reaction conditions for all species. RFLP analysis produced species specific restriction profiles. Comparing these profiles, we have identified the species origin of meat u
Raheela Noor Memon1*, Nadir Ali Birmani1, Naeem Tariq Narejo2 and Shahnaz Rashid3
...anthocephalan. No additional organs were found to be infected with helminths parasites. Helminths prevalence were documented as 41% in September, 40% in August, 36% in October, 33% in June, September (30.76%) and April (25%). During September and October, the helminthes were most abundant, with no infections documented in January, February, March, July, November, or December. Helminths were found in this study throughout specific months of the year.
Suherman Suherman1*, AndhiniPutri Trianita1, Hadiyanto Hadiyanto1 and Wea Aanisah Mentari Putri2
...ed for mass balance and analyzed for water content, color, and hedonic test. The mass balance yield was around 82.47 % of the product wasted during the drying process, and the product yield was approximately 17.53 %. The water content value in the mango from all treatments was 6.17 % to 7.13 %, which was < 31 % as desired by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI—Standar Nasiona...
Murad Ali* and Said Wahab
...t. All the samples were analyzed for TPM and Acid value at the time of collection with the help of oil testometer DOM-24. A 100 ml of sample from each of the frying mediums was collected and transferred to the Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Malakand for further analysis. The peroxide values (18.073 meq kg-1) were found significantly higher in oil medium, followed by ghee (11.96 meq kg-1) and then tallow (10.507-meq k...
Sheikh Muhammad Azam1,2 and Muhammad Naeem1*
...herefore, current study analysis was performed to analyze body composition of the studied fish. A total of 73 specimens of S. commersonnianus having different size, ranged 94.5 to 1183g of body weight and 20.5 to 56.9 cm in total length were randomly chosen from Arabian Sea Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan for analysis of proximate study. The mean percent values of different constituents were 73.9...
Kirshan Chand1, Fahad Nazir Khoso1*, Arfan Ahmed Gilal1, Abdul Mubeen Lodhi2, Agha Mushtaque Ahmed1, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro3, Sohail Ahmed Otho1 and Jamal-U-Din Hajano4
...(Na+). In anions, bicarbonate (HCO3−), carbonate (CO32−), chloride (Cl−), nitrate (NO3−) and sulphate (SO2-) were recorded. The Durov diagram was generated which delineated that the overall water samples fell under mixed zones, therefore, the groundwater found neither anion dominant nor cation dominant, but Na-Cl type. The results...
Tajnees Pirzada1*, Weenghar Ali Chandio1, Mansoor Ali Kalhoro2, Mir Munsif Ali Talpur1, Waheed Ali Mirbahar1, Abdul Ghafar Solangi1, Zulfiquar Ali Jumani1 and Rehana Kerio1
...justify;">Utilization of nanoscale materials in agribusiness are as yet in earliest stages contrasted with clinical and mechanical areas. The effect of, zinc oxide nanoparticles and humic acid (HA) coated nanoparticles were evaluated for Brassica campestris seed germination. A simple one-pot method was used to synthesize HA/ZnO NPs involving zinc oxide <...
Muhammad Yaseen1*, Muhammad Sallam Shahzad2, Farhat Ullah Khan2, Muhammad Luqman1, Usman Saleem3 and Shoaib Nasir4
...and is increasing at the national and international level because of the long kernel, strong aroma, and grain elongation at the time of cooking. This crop also serves as a source of livelihood for the majority of the farming community residing in the rice zone. Public sector advisory services are considered as a pillar for agricultural crop productivity;...
Yonis Abukar Mohamed1, Md. Nazrul Islam1, Md. Haydar Ali1, Mahfuza Akther1 and Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud2*
...cioliasis in cattle in Dinajpur city of Bangladesh was carried out from January to June, 2020 by clinical signs, pathological and coprological examinations. A total of 75 cattle (27 male and 48 female) were recorded as the study population. Seven cattle were found with pathological conditions. There was engorgement of bile duct with fibrosis and the percentage of fibrosis of fascioliasis was 10.6%. While 17.3% roughened and ...
Dia Mamadou1,2*, Meissa Beyah1, Sow Amadou Harouna1, Ba Samba Alassane1, Bouzouma Moustapha1, Braham Cheikh Baye1 and Beibou Ely1
...cally and socially sustainable, a monitoring of landings of this species were undertaken from 2015 to 2018. From February 2015 to June 2018, on a regular basis and at each landing of vessels targeting pink lobster, (Palinurus mauritanicus), several times a week or even daily, sampling was carried out on board the vessels or at lobster production plants of this species at the time of their sorting and packaging. A total of 31770 individuals were measured...
Farhat Iqbal1, Abdul Waheed2*, Zil-e-Huma3 and Asim Faraz2
...easurements of small ruminants. The regression tree, random forests, support vector machine and gradient boosting machine methods have been used to predict the live body weight (target variable) of the animal. The predictors (independent variables) included in the current study were sex of the animal, neck length, diagonal body length, head girth above eyes,shank circumference, belly sprung, and rump height measurements of b...
Muhammad Zohaib1, Muhammad Sajjad Ansari1*, Bushra Allah Rakha2* and Ali Akhter2
... agriculture fields in Renala Khurd, district Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 69 nests were located in the study area; breeding activity was observed in 51 active nests. The successful nests for breeding activity were recorded in parks (46%) followed by orchards (28%) and agricultural fields (27%). Highest percentage of successful nests was found on forks (48%) while nests on middle, terminal and other positions of plant...
Muhammad Mohsin Javed1*, Muhammad Azhar Nisar2 and
Muhammad Usman Ahmad2
...egetable waste has been analyzed for bioelectricity production in locally designed U-shaped microbial fuel cell. These fuel cells were subjected to different concentrations of NaCl and pH for evaluation of power generation. The MFC with 50 mM NaCl concentration showed maximum response and gave 88.9 W/m2 power densities and 569 mV of open circuit voltage. The results showed that NaCl, at its optimum level, plays an important role in increasing the bi...
Muhammad Zahid1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Khushi Muhammad2,Muhammad Usman1,*, Muhammad Husnain1 and Nadeem Kamal3
...omarkers. A comparative analysis of physiological biomarkers was also made. For this experimental study 30 BEF positive cattle at their first lactation were selected and equally divided into three groups A, B, and C. A fourth group “D” comprising 10 healthy cattle was made as positive control while group C was negative control. The animals in group A were treated with antibiotic (fluoreconical @ 0.08 mg Se/kg BW) and NSAID (phenylbutazone @ 8mg/kg ...
Amin Arif1, Khizar Samiullah1*, Riffat Yasin2, Bilal Rasool1, Shakila Naz1, Xijun Ni3 and Saleem Akhtar1
...logical and comparative analysis, the collection is attributed to Giraffokeryx punjabiensis and Giraffa priscilla. Size variation in dentition is taxonomically important for vertebrate evolutionary point of view and this is the main reason to conduct this study at this specific site to add additional information about family Giraffidae. The fossil site has well exposed Chinji...
Madiha Nawaz and Shoaib Freed
...">Cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley is a destructive pest of cotton, ornamental plants and many other crops due to its polyphagous nature. A study was conducted to check the efficacy of different local isolates of entomopathogenic fungi on 2nd nymphal instar of P. solenopsis under laboratory conditions by immersion method. Three entomopathogenic fungi...
Zhiyuan Sun1, 3, Xuhui Zhang2,*, Xian Li3, Yanping Huang3, Shiyan Sui3, Weifeng Liu3, Guochao Ni3, Xiaozhou Xu1, Jianbo Yang1, Xue Lian1 and Hui Jia1
...s critical for the maintenance of homeostasis. However, it remains elusive whether chronic stress affects lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced inflammation via the crosstalk. Pigs were administered LPS injection with or without continuous adrenocorticotropine hormone (ACTH) pretreatment. Twenty-four 30-day-old Duroc × Landrace × Large White crossbred piglets (12 ± 0.5 kg) were randomly assigned to 4 treatments: control, LPS, ACTH, and ACTH+LPS ...
Salma Javed1* and Daniyal Siddiq2
... and quality. The use of natural plant products as biopesticides in the prevention and control of pests and diseases has been increasing. Nematicidal activity of “Black plum Syzygium cumini, leaf aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts were investigated for managing the population of Meloidogyne javanica, in tomato. In laboratory conditions second-stage juveniles (J2) mortality was recorded after 24, 48 and 72 h of incu...
Asma Hanif* and Shahnaz Dawar
... after 96 hours, while Cina (Q) showed greater reduction in hatching and mortality at 100% concentration followed by minimum hatching of eggs when used at 75 and 50% concentrations but in case of 200 and 30 (C) potency, only 100% concentration showed maximum effect after 72 and 96 hours followed by 75% concentration which had slight effect, whereas 50% concentration found to fail in killing the second stage of juveniles. Other homeopathic drugs used in the exp...
Ishtiaq Ahmad1*, Abid Usman1, Khursheed Iqbal1 and Shams Ur Rehman2
... normal;">Corporate governance study is growing rapidly as compliance with corporate governance is mandatory. Multiple questions rose regarding measurement of Corporate Governance Practices. In this study, the authors argue whether the Corporate Governance characteristics influence the firm performance of Non-Financial...
Ilker Kepenekci1, F. Dolunay Erdoğuş2 and Adnan Tülek3*
Mohammed Abdel-Mageed Abdel-Aziz Abdel-Mageed1, Eman Alsayed Hammad2*, Nashaat Abdel-Aziz Mahmoud1 and Anas Farag El-Mesalamy1
...m nigrum, Atropa belladonna, Hyoscyamus muticus, Capsicum frutescens, Datura innoxia and Withania somnifera were tested against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica. All the tested materials affected the survival of the nematode juveniles and egg-masses hatched depending on materials property, concentrations and solvents used in extraction. The aqueous extract had the best percentage of mortality and inhibition of egg hatching compared to the acetonic and ...
Mahmoud M.A.Youssef and Wafaa M. A. El-Nagdi
...nchulus semipenetrans on navel orange and reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis on sunflower. Also, dry heat was used to control rice root nematode, Hirschmanniella oryzae on rice soil and root and wheat soil. Several investigators reported that number of galls and egg-masses of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on roots of several plants were reduced gradually by increasing gamma irradiation doses. When tomato plants infected by root-knot nemato...
Christopher Oche Eche1*, Juliana Iye Oluwatayo1, Demben Moses Esang2, Paul Madina2 and Alexander Uloko1
... of nine treatments combinations were evaluated using a 3 x 3 factorial experiment laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three replications. The treatments combinations consisted of single applications of sawdust and eucalyptus biochar, and mixed formulations of sawdust + eucalyptus biochar applied in powder forms at the rates of 0 t/ha, 2.5 t/ha and 5 t/ha. Nematode and yield data were subjected to A
Yonis Abukar Mohamed1, Shafii Abdullahi Mohamed1,2, Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud1,3*, Abdiaziz Ahmed Mohamud1,3, Kassim Abdullahi Jimale1,2 and Said Ali Ibrahim2
... justify;">A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to October 2021 with the objectives to perform an animal welfare assessment and to gain adequate knowledge of the management of working donkeys in Somalia. Both direct observational (animal-based) and indirect (owner-based) interviews were used to collect the data. A total of 350 randomly selected working donkeys were examined...
Thomby Paul, Sreekanta Biswas, Sabiha Zarin Tasnim Bristi, Debashish Sarker, Saroj Kumar Yadav and Bhajan Chandra Das*
...ed at SAQ Teaching Veterinary Hospital, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Bangladesh. The primary complaint of the owner was non-weight bearing lameness of the right forelimb of the dog due to accidental trauma. Physical examination revealed the dog was active and alert but non-weight-bearing posture of right forelimb. On palpation of the affected limb, pain and crepita...
Riaz Alam1*, Muhammad Sajid2 and Durri Shahwar3
...ked portions at the terminal sides were applied with 0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm IBA solution with the help of dropper. The daughter saplings of cultivar Manzanilla produced through air-layering by the application of IBA in various concentrations, produced early rooting (36.00 days), high rooting percentage (77.47%), maximum number of roots (6.38) per layering, root length (7.03 cm), root weight (2.62 g) and more number of re-sprouts (5.57), followed by n...
Muhammad Junaid Yousaf 1, Farhad Ali2*and Fawad Ali2
...on compared to open-pollinated maize varieties or other maize varieties released for normal field conditions....
Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui1*, Muhammad Mahran Aslam1, Mahboob Ali Sial1, Nighat Seema Soomro1, Muhammad Tahir Khan1, Shafquat Yasmeen1, Shumaila Sial2 and Imtiaz Ahmad Khan1
...or yield evaluation in zonal varietal trials and the national uniform rapeseed yield trials (NURYT). The resultant variety exhibited the highest seed yield (2826 kg ha-1) in NURYT compared to other contesting advanced genotypes during 2008-09. Surhan-2012 was performed better for seed yield (1460.8 kg ha- 1) as compared to parent genotype (800kg/ha seed yield) in advanced station yield tri...
Jia Liu1, Zhen Wang1, Zifan Ning1, Ali Mujtaba Shah2,3,Qing Zhu1, Yan Wang1, Huadong Yin1, Zhichao Zhang1, Lu Zhang1, Yaofu Tian1, Diyan Li1,Gang Shu2,4, Lin Ye1 and Xiaoling Zhao1,*
...compared with other combinations. The expression of Pax7 mRNA paralleled changed in myofiber density, whereas the expression profiles of MyoG and MyoD were similar to the developmental changes in myofiber diameter. Overall, body weight and muscle expansion of SG chickens were less than FG chickens. MyoG was the possible gene controlling myofiber development as i...
Qazi Muhammad Noman1, Farhan Mahmood Shah1, Khalid Mahmood2 and Muhammad Razaq1*
...nitored the population dynamics of fruit flies species using male attractants Attrex® (methyl eugenol 98%, evyol group) and static Spinosad® (spinosad 2% and methyl eugenol 51%, target group) in mango and citrus orchards at different locations in Multan, Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) was the most abundant fruit fly species in this study. Our results indicated a p...
Song Jiang, Dong-liang Liu, Fa-lin Zhou, Xian-bin Mo, Qi-bin Yang, Jian-hua Huang, Li-shi Yang and Shi-gui Jiang*
...ifferent tissues of Penaeus monodon. The results showed that the mRNA level of PmATP synthase gene was not significantly up-regulated under low salt stimulation (P> 0.05),while under high salinity stimulation, the transcription level of PmATP synthase mRNA reached the maximum at 16th h (<...
Congfen Zhang1,Yingxiao Liu2, Linfeng He2, Fengjun Shi2, Weitang Yao2 and Xuegang Luo2,*
...of the heavest metals in nature, which has been mainly used in atomic energy industrial system, but its toxic effects on most organisms are largely remained unknown especially in insects. Antheraea pernyi pupae were injected with uranyl acetate, which concentrations were 6.25mM, 12.5mM, 25mM. Changes in malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) as well as their corresponding...
Seung-Yun Baek1 and Seong-Min Lee2*
...cess for effective WVC management. Roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) is the most prevalent wildlife species in WVCs on Jeju Island, South Korea. This study analyzed individual temporal patterns and spatial hotspots (clusters) based on roe deer–vehicle collisions (RDVC) on Jeju Island from 2014 to 2017. RDVCs occur frequently from July to October, and RDVCs are higher in male deer than with females in all seasons, ex...
Mohamed S. Khalil
...most utilized tools to manage the root-knot nematodes (RKNs). Environmental and health defects were notice with using synthetic nematicides. Thus, in this work an attempt was conducted to provide alternative approach could be listed in control measures of RKNs. Two pot experiments were conducted to assess the efficacy of the milbemectin on galls and egg masses formation of M. javanica in roots of eggplants. Milbemectin (Milb...
Mst. Deloara Begum1, Md. Muniruzzaman1, Md. Salauddin2* and Md. Mostafizer Rahman1
...ible to microbial contamination. In this research a total of 79 samples were collected from different local market. In which 54 samples were from dried fish and 25 from cooked fish samples. In this research there were 18 different types of dried fish and 6 types of cooked fish were used as a sample. Laboratory work was done by different bacteriological laboratory methods and purified isolates were identified according to gram’s staining reaction, colony ...
Zhi-Peng Li, Laiba Shafique, Saif ur Rehman, Kui-Qing Cui, Xiao-Can Lei, Xing-Rong Lu, De-Shun Shi* and Qing-You Liu*
...tes, and the staining signal decreased in the first 12 h but then increased during the process of oocyte maturation. QRT-PCR analysis revealed that Gas6 mRNA was continuously expressed during the process of oocyte maturation, disappeared after parthenogenetic activation, re-appeared and elevated in the blastocysts stage. The following western blot...
Luis Daniel Jiménez Martínez1, Vicente Morales Garcia2, Carlos Alfonso Frias Quintana3, Alejandra del Carmen Castillo Collado1, Gloria Gertrudys Asencio Alcudia4, Carina Shianya Alvarez Villagomez4, Emyr Saul Peña Marín4,5, Bartolo Concha Frias1 and
Carlos Alfonso Alvarez-Gonzalez4
... conditions. This study analyzed the stability and normalization of six commonly used reference genes such as alpha elongation factor (ef1-α), beta-actin (actb), 18S ribosomal RNA (18s rrna), beta-2-microglobulin (b2m), tubulin alpha (α-tub) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogena...
Manar M. Farouk1*, Amal El-Molla1, Fayez A. Salib1 and Yousef A. Soliman2
...e: small;">A cross sectional survey study aimed to: 1) Identify the management factors associated with the occurrence of salmonellosis in some diarrheic sheep and goats belonging to mixed reared flocks in Giza governorate, Egypt, 2) Investigate the presence of enterotoxin(stn) gene in the recovered Salmonella spp. strains, and 3) Build a phylogenetic tree for the partial codon sequence of stn gene of som...
Muhammad Awais1,2, Waqas Ahmad3, Akhtar Rasool Asif4, Sayyed Aun Muhammad1, Iahtasham Khan1*, Muhammad Amjad Ali5, Muhammad Qaiser Riaz1 and Muhammad Saqib2
...n>theoldest knowntraditional medicine being used for a variety of illnesses and healingof wounds. A total of 40 rabbits were divided into four groups (A, B, C, and D) to perform two experiments. Two w...
Ikechukwu Eugene Onah*, Ifeoma Esther Aniaku, Jude Ifeanyi Okwor and Ada Sylvester Haruna
...esult is important for management of crow-man contact to safeguard the public health of rural and urban dwellers in the study area.
...
Vishal Ambidi 1,3, Sanjeev Bantewad2, Suraj Prasad Mishra1, Anupama Hingane1 and Jagdish Jaba1*
...ions with a diverse combination of characteristics associated with resistance to this pest. Among the genotypes ICPH 3461, ICPH 3762, BSMR 853, ICPL 332 WR, ICPH 2740, ENT 11 showed least preference for pod borer complex as compared to susceptible check ICPL 87. In context to morphological factors pod wall thickness, trichome density of type C and D on calyx and pod with correlation coefficient (r) (-0.508*), ( -0.717**, -0.748**), (-0.810**, -0.749**) exhibit...
Wei Luo 1,2,3, Yongtao Jin 1,2,3, Xuqing Li 1,2,3 and Ke Liu 1,2,3*
... of the MASK R-convolutional neural network (CNN), and the average recall, correct, and leakage are 89%, 98.4%, and 10.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the contour vector of the herbivores is obtained by extracting the mask generated in the detection of the MASK R-CNN, following which the information of both the population number and the distribution of all kinds of large herbivores can be estimated. According to the data of domestic herbivores on hand provided ...
Roheela Yasmeen1*, Laiba Asif1 and Samia Djeffal2
...ures are known as one of nature’s most successful scavengers. However, since the 1990’s vulture numbers in South East Asia have been in decline, especially the oriental white-rumped vulture (Gyps bengalensis), thelong-billed vulture (Gyps indicus), and the slender-billed vulture (Gyps tenuirostris). The use of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac has been ...
Muhammad Hamza Tariq1, Mahjabeen Akram2 and Yasir Sharif3*
...="font-size: small;">Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic and this disease has infected millions of people globally now. COVID-19 is caused by a novel beta coronavirus strain known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Once SARS-CoV-2 manages to enter the body, it identifies and binds to the angiotensin converting ...
Nida Sadaqat1, Abdul Wajid2, Quratul Ain2, Muhammad Zia Akbar2, Farkhanda Manzoor4, Muhammad Sarwar Khan1, Nasir Ali3, Masroor Ellahi Babar3 and Tanveer Hussain3*
... gene polymorphisms. We analyzed the polymorphisms in PRNP gene sequences in 49 wild Punjab urial (Ovis vignei punjabiensis). Four novel amino acids polymorphisms (p.Q149E, p.Q155E, p.Y228L and p.L253F) were detected in PRNP gene. The urial was monomorphic at codon 149 and 155 and polymorphic at codon 228 and 253. These amino acid polymorphisms were combined in four alleles and six genotypes. Investigating the polymorphisms at codon 136, 1...
Sohail Anjum1, Awais Ahmad1, Farzana Bibi1 and Hazrat Ali2*
...rvus splendens) is a native species of the Indian subcontinent. It shows greater tractability as it can easily adapt to new environment where food supply and garbage are found in abundance. Their intelligence is also acknowledged duly. They are also obligate to human presence. We can assume that “where there is human, there is house crow essentially”. The present article documents the ecology of this bird in Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakis...
Muhammad Usman Asif*, Raza Muhammad, Waseem Akbar, Mubasshir Sohail, Muhammad Awais and Javed Asgher Tariq
...t-size: small;">The seasonal abundance of the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), was investigated from January 2016 to December 2018 in Tandojam, Pakistan, through pheromone trapping. Results showed that adult moths were present throughout the year in Tandojam. Moth abundance varied among months due to differences in weather conditions and host availability. The greatest moth populations were observed from Aug...
Shoaib ur Rehman1, Jabbar Khan2*, Raaza Malja Khan3, Maimoona Azam4 and Zeeshan Mutahir5
...nique, all samples were analyzed for the most common β-thalassemia mutations reported in Pakistani population. The most common mutations detected in karak region were frameshift codons (FSC) 8/9 (þG) (HBB: c.27_28insG), followed by IVS-I-5(G>C), FSC 5 (–CT) and Codon 15 (G>A). The present study hence showed differences with previous results from other regions of the Pashtun ethnic group, which demarcates the heterogeneity in mutations fo...
Amina, Muhammad Zahid Rashid and Amina Rashid
Zhi Hao Dong1, Jun Yan Bai1*, Xiao Ping Jia2, Ying Lei1, Hui Cao1, You Bing Yang1 and Guang Lu Li1
...y, PCR-RFLP was used to analyze the correlation between estrogen receptor (ESR) gene polymorphism and growth traits in two populations of quail. The results showed that three genotypes, CC, CT and TT, were detected in exon 1, exon 4 and exon 8 of ESR gene. The frequencies of CC genotype in expressed exon 1 of ESR gene were the highest in french giant quail and savimit quail (0.531 and 0.778, respectively). The frequencies of TT genotype in...
Iffat Nawaz1*, Tahseen Zeb1, Bibi Saima Zeb2 and Javaria Sherani3
...es cultivated in traditional farming systems are the sole source of its production. 108 land races of beans including 96 landraces of Himalayan region, the ten Mesoamerican and the two Andean genotypes were evaluated at three locations during 2015 and 2016 at the Summer Agricultural Research Station Kaghan, Batakundi Potato Seed Farm Batakundi and Agricultural Research Station Baffa, Mansehra. This two year study is pioneer in Pakistan with an objective to doc...
Dilshad Ahmad1*, Muhammad Afzal2 and Asif Ali Abro3
... role in promoting the financial status, assuring food security and reducing poverty specifically rural community of developing countries. The present study attempts to analyze the impact of formal credit on milk production of dairy animals and household income in district Vehari of southern Punjab, Pakistan. The study used simple random sampling approach for collecting primary data of 240 livestock household farmers and emp...
Ruqia Bibi1, Najam-un-Nisa1, Sania Komal1, Hafiza Nimra Ghani Qureshi1, Maryam Safdar1, Hafiza Hina Jameel1, Saman Gul1, Sania Saeed1 and Inam Ullah1,2*
...various species of Avifauna found at Chashma Lake during winters (2017-2018 and 2018-2019). As the birds are the best indicators for environmental changes, the migratory bird’s fauna was observed from September to March 2017-2019. The line-transect method was used to explore the avifauna diversity at the study site. 16371 individuals were observed belonging to 11 families belonging t...
Muhammad Shahbaz1,2, Sajid Abdullah1*, Huma Naz3*, Khalid Abbas1, Tanveer Ahmed4, Sana Mehmood1, Muhammad Adeel Hussan5
... gills were obtained to analyze the CAT activity. The CAT level was reduced in all treatments when compared control. CAT activity was observed higher in the gills, muscle and liver tissues of T1 diet fed C. idella as 14.68±0.90, 12.76±0.87 and 20.34±0.99 UmL-1, respectively. Comparison among diets for CAT activity showed the trend as T4<T3<T2<T1. The maximum CAT level was noted in liver than that of gills and muscles.
...
Bibek Aryal, Naresh Pandey and Laxman Khanal*
...iformes was the most dominant order, while insectivore was the most dominant feeding guild. The suburban sites had higher bird diversity and richness than urban sites; whereas, the abundance of urban exploiter birds was higher in the urban area. Vegetation cover showed a positive association with the bird species richness. Conversely, human disturbance showed negative effects. In an urban setting, green spaces and parks shel...
Muhammad Usman Hanif, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed*, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Irfan Ullah
...y;">Hadda beetle, Epilachna vigintioctopunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is a cosmopolitan phytophagous pest and causes severe damage to various cucurbitaceous and solanaceous vegetables. This laboratory work was aimed to determine the comparative toxicity of three differential-chemistry insecticides (i.e. emamectin benzoate 1.9 EC, spinosad 240 EC and lufenuron 50 EC) and the aqueous extracts of three local plant specie...
Ayesha Khan1*, Asmatullah2, Urooba Perviaz1, Khalid Nawab1 and Mahmood Iqbal1
...hemical fertilizers alternative methods are adopted to decrease use of fertilizers. One of the techniques for organic farming is EM-Technology. EM-Technology is used in addition with animal manure and other organic wastes effectively in agriculture. The universe of the study was Malakand division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The EM-Technology using 128 farmers’ data were gathered from the District Director Agriculture of six districts. Each farmer was intervie...
Sonam Khatri1, Shaheen Faizi2, Shahina Fayyaz1 and Erum Iqbal1*
...osses worldwide. Traditionally, synthetic chemicals are widely and commonly used to combat nematode pests; however, the chemical poses negative impact on environment and biodiversity which create urgency in development of an alternative biosafe measure to control these pests. In this regards, researchers have focused on the use of phytopesticides which are eco-friendly and easily accessible and degradable in soil as compared...
Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi
...garcane, Saccharum officinarum is a foremost crop which is widely grown for sugar production. A major impediment to sugarcane cultivation is the infestation by plant parasitic nematodes most notably, the cyst nematode Heterodera sacchari. Broadly, synthetic nematicides are utilized in the suppression of soil nematode infestation of sugarcane, with positive outcome in yield. However, emergence of resistant nematode strains and health hazards are associated with...
Yaregal Tilahun1*, Benyam Tadesse1, Getachew Mekonnen2 and Tilahun Bekele3
... and identify the determinant of tea productivity and inefficiency through Cobb Douglas and stochastic frontier model. Data from a primary and secondary source of information were used from 135 tea out-growers. Based on the results, year 2017-018 has been used as production/base year. However, the productivity of tea in the 2020 production year is increased by 41.8% as the coverage of land for tea becomes increased by 53.6%. Lack of skill and knowledge (...
Monif AlRashidi1*, Sami Saeed M. Hassan2 and Mohammed Shobrak3
... leucorodia) in Al-Fanateer Island, located about 1.5 km east of Jubail Industrial City, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. A trail camera was used to record and describe the nest attendance behavior of this species over 24 h. The results showed that the egg was incubated more than 80% in each two-hour period except for the periods (00:00 - 01:59 h; 02:00 - 03:59 h and 20:00 - 21:59 h) when it was incubated 56.67 %, 29.17 % and 45.00 % respectively. The incub...
Nasir Ali Tauqir1, Asim Faraz2*, Muhammad Arif1, Abdul Rehman1, Imtiaz Hussain1, Abdul Waheed2, Gabriele Marino3 and Michela Pugliese3
...stically. Hematological analysis indicated decreased (P<0.01) mean corpuscular volume and hemoglobin concentrations in buffaloes fed gradual decreased dietary EAA concentrations. It is concluded that the varying levels of limiting amino acids have effect on nutrient intake, utilization, milk yield and hematological parameters. These results could be used for further studies of this field.
...
Misbah Sarwar1*, Abdul Hamid2 and Iftikhar Hussain2
...ere collected by questionnaire survey. A total of 110 hunters were interviewed from 10 different hunting camps and record of capturing was documented from 2012 to 2015. The results revealed that 11.8% (n=13) hunters captured the cranes by hand, 36.4% (n=40) hunters captured them by Soai, while 51.4% (n=57) hunters employed both of these methods to capture cranes. In total, 7947 cranes were captured during the study period. Age wise segregation showed that 6624...
Abdul Sattar*, Hasan Orooj and Muhammad Iqbal Afridi
...trategic tier was additionally introduced i.e. high risk mapping and response. The team of DHS (Health) envisaged that the load of disease followed by precise micro plan/ mapping that details out distribution of disease, vector (pre-adult and adult stage), as well as sectors vulnerable for dengue be earmarked for timely interventions in window period (winter). The results of high risk mapping followed by focused intervention are remarkable. The last 10 years d...
Abdul Sattar*, Hasan Orooj and Muhammad Iqbal Afridi
...trategic tier was additionally introduced i.e. high risk mapping and response. The team of DHS (Health) envisaged that the load of disease followed by precise micro plan/ mapping that details out distribution of disease, vector (pre-adult and adult stage), as well as sectors vulnerable for dengue be earmarked for timely interventions in window period (winter). The results of high risk mapping followed by focused intervention are remarkable. The last 10 years d...
Mazhar Ullah and Mohammad Sayyar Khan*
... either alone or in combination with each other and carbon sources [sucrose, glucose and fructose] with varying concentrations (2, 4 and 6%) were evaluated for their effect on the tissue culture of sugarcane variety-CP 77/400. For callus induction 2,4-D as an auxin was found to be most effective as compared to NAA. BAP and NA
Hailong Dong1, Fubin Gan2, Khalid Mehmood3, Jiang-Yong Zeng4, Rao Zahid Abbas5, Mushtaq Ahmad Gondal6, Zhenyu Chang1 and Qingxia Wu1*
...ively. The physical examination showed a poor body condition with emaciation, weakness, loss of appetite, anemia, jaundice, and abdominal edema in infected yaks, while on dissection, many prominent nodules of parasitic migration were present on the liver surface. Our results provided a baseline data for the exposure of yaks to F. hepatica infection in the study area. Therefore, some important strategies and surveillan...
Muhammad Arsalan1, Muhammad Aman Ullah1 and Abdul Waheed2,*
...ical traits obtained to analyze the nature and strength of the relationship. Simple regression models were fitted to predict live body weight from 13 other morphological traits as independent variables. Descriptive statistics of body indices and morphological traits were also reported. The variation pattern was observed by coefficient of variation in both body indices and morphological traits. In body indices less variation ...
Ho-Seong Cho1 and Yeonsu Oh2,*
...umor nodules were disseminated throughout the other lobes. The numerous tumor nodules were also found in the lung, stomach, kidney, heart and diaphragm, which were growing together, suspiciously metastatic, projecting, 5 to 40 mm in diameter and tawny to white in color. Histopathologically, the tumor was composed of prominent papillary-acinar structures and the cells had a resemblance to the biliary epithelium. Immunohistoch...
Nasir Ali Tauqir1, Asim Faraz2*, Annamaria Passantino3, Muhammad Asif Shahzad1, Rana Muhammad Bilal4, Adeel Tahir1, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq2 and Abdul Waheed2
...ill come from developing nations. This research was executed to find out the nutritional influence of corn steep liquor and enzose mixture as a non-conventional protein ingredient in day old broiler chicks. For this purpose, 42 days study was conducted using hubbard broiler chicks (n=200). The birds were divided into 5 groups containing 4 replicates having 10 chicks each. Birds were offere...
Shabana Naz1*, Nishat Ali Khan1, Arnab Tanweer1, Shifa Moazzam1, Qudrat Ullah2, Farkhanda Asad1, Irfan Khattak3, Sajida Batool4 and Rifat Ullah Khan5
...ole against gastrointestinal parasites. For this purpose, the fecal samples were collected from 30 peafowl. Sampling was done thrice from same birds i.e., once before treatment and twice after treatment with Albendazole and Levamisole. The efficacy of Albendazole and the Levamisole against parasites was calculated. The fecal samples were examined by using flotation and modified Macmaster’s egg counting technique. The results showed that 21 peafowl (8 ma...
Zahid Beg Mirza1,*, Naveed Ali Soomro2 and Farwah Shariff1
...ry drugs, that is diclofenac and other drugs known to be harmful to vultures, were gathered through interviews. This paper suggests that the vultures and other raptors in the mountainous eco-region of Sindh are in relatively larger populations compared to the Eastern side of Sindh due to the abundance of wild ungulates in protected areas such as the Khirthar National Park. ...
He Yujiao1,2, Xie Huichun1, Lin Gonghua2,3, ZhangTongzuo2,3, Su Jianping2,3 and Du Yurong1*
...e plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) is widely distributed across the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and has experienced the quaternary climate and geological events of the plateau. In this study, we assessed the population patterns and the differentiation time in the plateau pika using mitochondrial DNA (mtD
Junli Liu1, Tongfang Yang2 and Lisheng Wu3*
...dual luciferase reports analyzed the targeting relationship between LINC00857 and miR-340. Cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-LINC00857 or anti-miR-340, and treated with homoharringtonine to observe their effects on U2OS protein expression, survival, clone formation and apoptosis. We found that different concentrations of homoharringtonine significantly increased the expression of P21, C...
Zekeriya Özüdoğru1, Hülya Kara2*, Adem Kara3, Derviş Özdemir3 and Hülya Balkaya2
...nbsp;in the gastrointestinal tract of the partridge (Alectoris chukar). These cells which secrete coloestokinin (CCK), motilin, ghrelin, gastrointestinal polypetide (GIP) and vasointestinal polypeptide (VIP) in gastrointestinal tract were examined by using immunohistochemistry. CCK-IR, motilin-IR, ghrelin-IR, GIP-IR and VIP-IR cells were found to ...
Nawab Khan1, Ram L. Ray2, Muhammad Ihtisham3*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui4*, Muhammad Khayyam5, Raheel Anjum6 and Simplice A. Asongu7
...the socioeconomic determinants of the awareness and adoption of apple production practices in 2019. This study selected Ziarat district to investigate socioeconomic determinants of the awareness and adoption of apple production because it is located in the center of the high apple-growing districts in northern Balochistan. A sample of 120 respondents was selected through multi-stage-random sampling from two tehsils (Sinjawi ...
Rasool Bux Kalhoro1, Ghulam Mustafa Laghari2*, Ghulam Hyder Jamro2 and Muhammad Ibrahim Keerio2
...5 cm row spacing in combination with different seed rates. The results for biochemical characteristics of soybean plant exhibited maximum nitrogen 0.485%, phosphorus 0.506%andpotassium 0.502%in stem, potassium 1.405%in leaves, potassium 1.753%in pods, protein content 41.87% at seed rate 75 kg ha-1with row spacing 45cm. The primary conclusion is that the cultivation of soybean at a seed rate 75 kg ha-1combined with row spacing 45cm beneficial to achieve maximum...
Syeda Shazia Bokhari, Aisha Waheed Qurashi*, Roheela Yasmeen*, Fouzia Yasmeen, Nabeela Nayab, Uzma Rafi
...his bacterial strain was named as Exigoubacterium auranticum. Optimum bacterial growth response was recorded at pH 7.0, temperature 37oC, LB media and shaking 160 rpm conditions. Cell surface characteristics of E. auranticum (EPF1) was determined in terms of bacterial cell surface hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation assay. Highest percentage hydrophobicity values of the strain EPF1 were recorded with toluene (84 %) as compared to other organic solvents such as...
Samreen Khan*, Salma Javed, Tabassum Ara Khanum, Nasira Kazi
...le fruits, vegetables, ornamental flowers, medicinal plants and other commercially important trees from different four sites of district Lakki Marwat and subsequently assessed the presence of EPNs using last instar larva of greater wax moth Galleria mellonella L. as baited host. After completion of requisite process, resultantly the corresponding recovery rate of EPNs was found 10.9% which includes only genus Steinernema com...
Iqra Mobeen1*, Rabia Arif1*,Maimoona Ilyas1, Siu Fai Lee2 and Muhammad Saleem1
...tempt to investigate the natural variations in the RK-MTases genes; Ribosomal N-lysine methyltransferase1 (RKM1) and Ribosomal N-lysine methyltransferase4 (RKM4) in Sordaria fimicola using SNP markers. A total seven SNPs in the RKM1 gene and nine in RKM4 gene were identified. A subset of SNPs were unique in SFS strains and others were fixed in the NFS strains of S. fimicola. These polymorphisms might be adaptive...
Sadaf Ashraf1, Masood Ahmed Siddiqui1*, Kanwal Nisa1, Samar Ali1 and Naeem Rashid2
...3 family members. Recombinant Pcal_0222 was purified to apparent homogeneity using cation exchange and gel filtration column chromatographies. Purified Pcal_0222 exhibited optimal α-amylase activity at 85°C and pH 5.5. The activity was not dependent on any metal ion. The hyperthermophilic nature and metal ion independence make it a suitable candidate for both basic as well as applied research.
...
Funda Turan1*, Ihsan Akyurt2 and Sehriban Cek-Yalniz1
...cals is a potential alternative to be explored. We evaluated hypothesis that red clover extract to sexually undifferentiated fry of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) would affect their sex ratio. Five different concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 75 mg L-1) of red clover extracts and 50 µg L-1 17 β-Estradiol serving as positive control were applied by immersion method on C. gariepinus larvae for 30 days, and the effe...
Khanitta Ruangwittayanusorn1, Doungnapa Promket1*, Kamonnate Pimrueng1, Jennarong Kammongkun2
...>) and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) on egg production in 281 high egg strain of Pradu Hangdum Chiangmai chickens (HPHC). PCR-RFLP protocols were used to identify polymorphisms of both genes. The frequencies of TT, TC and CC genotypes of DRD2 were 0.05, 0.40, and 0.55, respectively. The frequencies of T and C alleles of DRD2 were 0.25 and 0.75, respectively. Regarding VIP, the frequencies of II, ID and DD genotypes were 0.59, ...
Adel M. Abdelrahman1, Sahar R. Mohamed1, Soliman M. Soliman2, Sherif Marouf3*
...n. Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa is harbor multidrug antimicrobial resistance of camel has serious consequences for human health, so, this study aimed to characterized of P. aeruginosa especially extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing one; phenotypic and genotypic. The isolates of P. aeruginosa were confirmed biochemically by a Vitek 2 compact system (bioMe´rieux). Suspected P. aeruginosa colonies carry ESBL were 56.6% by the double ...
Farah Deeba1, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Muhammad Irfan2, Muhammad Khan1 and Javed Iqbal Qazi1*
..."font-size: small;">Chitinase is most promising natural enzyme present in all life forms. It has various environmental, food, medical industrial and biotechnological applications. Twenty strains were isolated on chitinase producing medium (CPM) from soil samples collected from local termites’ influenced areas. Of all these, three isolates gave positive test for chiti
Md. Sanjid Hasan1, A K M Humayun Kober1, Eaftekhar Ahmed Rana2, Md Saiful Bari1,3,4*
...angladesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the association of udder lesions with Subclinical Mastitis (SCM) in dairy cows of Chattogram Metropolitan Area (CMA) and Patiya Upazila of Chattogram district during the period from December 2017 to May 2018. For this, 264 milk samples and 155 swab samples were collected from 50 different dairy farms available in CMA and Patiya Upazila. A pretested questionnaire w...
Teuku Fadlon Haser1*, Muh. Saleh Nurdin2, Eddy Supriyono3, Deni Radona4, Fauziah Azmi1 , Kukuh Nirmala3, Widanarni3, Tri Heru Prihadi4, Tatag Budiardi3 and Riris Yuli Valentine5
... formulating policy to manage and conserve mahseer in Atu Suasah and Lawe Melang Rivers, Aceh, Indonesia. This research aimed to analyse and compare of mahseer biology including sex ratio, length and weight relationship, Fulton and relative condition factor and fecundity to estimate the reproductive potential of mahseer in these two rivers. The study was conducted from July to December 2019. Mahseer samples were obtained fro...
Muhammad Rizwan1*, Bilal Atta1, Misbah Rizwan2, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Muhammad Tahir3, Muhammad Sabar1, Muddassar Ali1 and Muhammad Yasir Ali4
...l;">Rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée), is one of the most destructive and key pests of rice in Asian countries. Effective insecticides are available to cope with this pest, but this solution is not a long-term strategy because of apprehensions about health and environmental hazards, exposure risks, residual perseverance and development of resistance. So there is a need to find out an alter
Najeeb Ullah1*, Muhammad Nadeem2, Malik Mujaddad-ur-Rehman1, Rubina Nelofer2 and Yasir Arfat3
Ayesha Muzamil, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir, Shaukat Ali, Iram Liaqat, Aamir Ali, Muhammad Summer
...tory processes. Conventionally, different steroidal and non steroidal drugs i.e., antibiotics are used to treat inflammatory disorders. Theses synthetic drugs have many side effects on the health such as gastrointestinal problems, stomach ulcers, dizziness, liver or kidney problems etc. Cytokines play an important role in the induction and suppression of inflammation. Cytokines are diverse form of proteins that act pro- and ...
Khlood G. Abdelkhalek*, Aly B. A. Badawy, Mohamed Fathi, Elshymaa A. Abdelnaby
...tion to testicular hemodynamics. Testicular morphometry, scrotal circumference, Doppler examinations, image analysis, and blood sampling were performed on a weekly basis. Results showed that FSH level was elevated (P<0.05) firstly from 5-months to 6.5-months-old, and then a second elevation was reported at 9.5-months-old, both E2 and NOMs levels were increased significantly (P<0.05) ...
Mohammed Naji Ahmed Odhah1,2*, Dhary Alewy Almashhadany6, Abdullah Garallah Otaifah7, Bashiru Garba5, Najeeb Mohammed Salah2, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse4*, Mohd Azam Khan G.K3
...tid cysts among some ruminants (both local and imported breeds of cattle, sheep, and goats) slaughtered in the abattoirs in Dhamar Province-Yemen. The samples were collected from the Central Corporation Slaughterhouse in Dhamar-Yemen from January 2019 to November 2020. During this period, a total of 29,071 and 5,705 samples were collected from local and imported food animals respectively. The results of analysed samples reve...
Eman H. Mahrous1, Mohamed. W. Abd Al -Azeem2, Faisal A. Wasel1, Waleed Younis2*
... test and other conventional methods of identification. Recovery of P. multocida isolates of diseased rabbits from lung, liver, and heart were 23 (46%), 11 (22%), 13 (26%), respectively, with a total incidence of 47 (31.3%). Biochemical reactions proved that 20 (42.5%) out of 47 isolates had the typical biochemical properties of P. multocida. However, only 10 isolates were identified as P. multocida using species-specific primers by conventio
Hailemariam Assefa1*, Tesfahun Dagnaw2
... this work. The oil was analyzed by GC-MS and result in the identification of the compounds, (Palmitoleic acid methyl ester, Palmitic acid methyl ester, Linoleic acid methyl ester, Oleic acid methyl ester, Stearic acid methyl ester and etc) was obtained. In the present study various physical and chemical characteristics have been also studied. The results also indicated that the oil extracted from Neem seed is the most acidic and non edible.
Keywords |...
Nguyenthuy Linh1, Nguyen Thi Kim Dong2*, Nguyen Van Thu3
...nine (P<0.05). Additionally, nitrogen retention in the Lys 1.2 and Lys 1.1 treatments (for 8 and 10-week-old periods) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the other treatments. It could be concluded that Local Muscovy ducks at 8 weeks and 10 weeks of age, the appropriate diets contained 1.2% lysine and 12.97 MJ ME/kg DM, and 1.1% lysine and 13.81 MJ ME/kg DM, respectively.
Keywords | Amino acid, Digestibility, Local Muscovy duck, Lysine, Metab...
Longjun Guo*, Jiaqi Teng, Juan Wang and Yukun Chen
...tification and cerebrospinal fluid τ (Tau) protein expression in leukoaraiosis patients. Inpatients who attended the Department of Neurology of our hospital from January 2018 to December 2018 were selected as study subjects, with 58 patients with leukoarais as the experimental group, and 60 patients without leukoarais in the same period as the control group. ELISA was used to detect τ (Tau) protein expression level in the cerebrospi
Syed Sikandar Habib1*, Saira Naz2, Sadia Nawaz1, Iqra Ameer1, Ameer Khatoon1, Hameed Ur Rehman3, Sahibzada Muhammad Jawad4 and Haider Ali5
...ers of farm and river Chenab (wild) selected fish species including (Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala, Cyprinus carpio, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish species selected for the current study is generally widely cultured in Pakistan and worldwide. Fish sampling was done by using different nets (river and farm) and blood sampling was immediately drawn from caudal peduncle by syringe and added in EDTA containing vial and shake we...
Jarosław Pytlewski1, Ireneusz R. Antkowiak1 and Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska2*
...aim of the study was to analyse the polymorphism of the PIT-1 gene withe introns 4 and 5 and exon 6 in the Limousine cattle breed and its relation to selected rearing traits. Relationships were determined between the genetic variants of the three polymorphic sites of the PIT-1 gene and the following rearing parameters: body weight at birth, body weight at weaning on day 270, daily weight gain from birth to ...
Nabila Rasheed1*, Bushra Waseem1, Kanwal Haneef2, Shumaila Usman3, Madeeha Sadiq1, Tabinda Urooj1, Sarah Tarique2 and Dabeeran Zeha4
...e adverse effects on perinatal environment. This study was designed for the comparative analysis of viability and healing properties of GDM affected WJMSCs (GDM-WJMSCs) with Normal controls (N- WJMSCs). Mesenchymal stromal cells were isolated from Wharton’s jelly of human umbilical cords from normal and gestational diabetic mothers. Cell viability was tested by trypan blue exclusion ...
Jhan Zeb1*, Saiqa Tufail1, Nausheen Saboohi1, Zafar Samuel2, Asher Azeem3, Yaseen Amir4 and Sehrish Akram5
...d diets upon fatty acid analysis showed almost complete absence of linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, ecosapentanoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA). However, these fatty acids were found to be present in the flesh of L. rohita at the end of the experiment. The sum of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was higher as compared to the sum of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in L. rohita flesh. Regardless ...
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Nasir Ali Tauqir2 and Muhammad Shahid Nabeel3
...s kept under intensive management system by feeding two different dietary regimes. The study was carried out at Camel Breeding and Research Station, Rakh Mahni Tahsil Mankera District Bhakkar Punjab, Pakistan. Twelve male calves around one year of age were raised in stall-fed conditions by feeding two different diets. In roughage proportion lucerne and gram straw were fed. Daily feeding allowance was offered as 3% body weight. Water was provided twice a day. N...
Abdullah Abdo Albegali1, Tayyaba Aftab1, Atiq-ur-Rehman1*, Amir Rashid1 and Mayada Mohammad1,2
...: small;">Citrullus lanatus, a traditional plant is used for the treatment of various ailments. It has been investigated that this plant has supportive treatment, for combating diabetes complications, blood pressure, oxidative stress and haematological disorders. This study was done in the investigation of antihyperlipidemic effects of methanol extract of seeds of this plant in hyperlipidaemia Wistar albino rats induc...
Muhammad Anwarullah1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Muhammad Usman1*,Muhammad Zahid Iqbal1, Muhammad Husnain1,Ahsan Anjum3, Qurratulain Ashraf4 and Ghulam Mustafa3
Vladimir Safonov
...n, Selenium ...
Sadarman1, Agung Irawan2, Muhammad Ridla3, Anuraga Jayanegara3*, Nahrowi3, Roni Ridwan4, Ahmad Sofyan5, Hendra Herdian5, I Nyoman Guna Darma5, Teguh Wahyono6, Dewi Febrina1, Rakhmad Perkasa Harahap7, Rizki Amalia Nurfitriani8, Danung Nur Adli9
...otein utilization in ruminants. This study aimed to investigate the effect of tannins extracted from acacia and chestnut on the degradation kinetics of ensiled and non-ensiled soy sauce residue (SSR) in sacco. Two fistulated beef cattle (425±25 kg) fed a diet consisting of 80% Pennisetum purpureum and 20% concentrate was used to incubate the SSR samples (ensiled and non-ensiled) using a 6×11 cm standard nylon bag. Each SSR sample was added with 2%...
Noor Bad Shah Khattak1, Hamayun Khan1, Muhammad Tarique Tunio2, Shakoor Ahmad1, Nazir Ahmad3, Syed Murtaza Hassan Andrabi4, Obaidullah5, Ihsan Ali1,5,* and Nan-Zhu Fang5,*
...s through artificial vagina. Egg yolk was used as an extender, in which different concentrations of GT extract (0.0%, 0.50%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%) were added. Semen quality indicators studied were the percentage of motility, survivability, plasma membrane integrity and acrosome integrity of frozen buffalo bull sperms. The antioxidative effect of GT was observed at the comparatively lower concentration (0.1-1.5%) on the post-thawed quality indicators. On t...
Weihao Chen1, 2, Zhilong Tian1, Lin Ma1, Shangquan Gan3, Wei Sun2, 4* and Mingxing Chu1*
...> and Per2) were analyzed in year-round estrous rams (Small Tail Han sheep, STH) and seasonal estrous rams (Sunite sheep, SNT). The result showed that all six genes were expressed in brain, cerebellum, hypothalamus, pituitary, testis, epididymis, vas deferens and adrenal gland tissues in both breeds. The expression level of Clock and BMAL1 showed similar trends in the ...
Xiaoyun He1, Yongfu La2, Jinxin Wang1, Ran Di1, Qiuyue Liu1, Xiangyu Wang1, Wenping Hu1 and Mingxing Chu1*
...hormone that regulates gonadal function by Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis (HPGA) in vertebrates. FSHR has the function of transmitting follicle-stimulating growth biological information in animal breeding activities. In this study, we analyzed the structure of FSHR gene’s promoter, expression regulation and the correlation between polymorphism with fecundity. The results ...
Tilahun Woretaw1, Netsanet Beyero2*, Yonatan Kassu3
...ield of Pentas schimperiana. Purposive sampling technique was used to select two agroecology (midland and highland) and five representatives (two from midland and three from highland) kebeles based on the coverage of P. schimperiana. A total of 100 respondents, 58 from three high land peasant associations and 42 from two midland peasant associations, were purposely selected for an interview who had at least one livestock. Se...
Muhammad Waryam Warraich1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-us-Sabah1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Aftab2, Fakhar Mujeeb3, Muhammad Zeeshan Maznoor1, Aneela Riaz4 and Sarfraz Hussain2
...h and awareness for external nutrition of potassium benefits is also on the minimum side. To overcome potassium bio-available losses from Pakistani farming system is very essential to sustain crop growth. Keeping in view of these issues, a pot study was performed at the departmental research area. The aim of the research was to depict the efficacy of the use of carbon sequestering fertilizer (compost, press mud and fly ash) along with conventio
Muhammad Taqi1, Shazia Erum2, Shamaila Rasheed2, Sadar Uddin Siddiqui2 and Shakeel Ahmad Jatoi2*
...alone as well as in combinations. The highest growth response for callusing 78.3% was observed in BAP (0.5mg/L) in combination with Kinetin (0.25mg/L) +NAA (2 mg/L) followed by 65% at 2 mg/L of 2,4-D. Maximum percentage of shooting (81.67%) with the maximum mean value for number of shoots (7.56) and shoot length (7.07) occurred when the fresh shoot tip o...
Hongbin Li1,2, Lei Fang1, 3 and Lei Cao1,2*
...lied as a universal explanation for spring migration timing of avian herbivores. However, studies of the green wave hypothesis have focused on species feeding intensively on above-ground primary production. To test whether a facultative grazer strictly follows the green wave, we used 16 complete tracks in time and space of spring migrating tundra bean geese (Anser serrirostris)fitted with telemetry devices from two flyways between Yangtze River Floodpla...
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1, Dilbar Hussain2, Muhammad Luqman3, Muhammad Qasim1, Gulfam Yousaf1, Hamza Latif1 and Muhammad Zeeshan1
...rget effects of conventional synthetic insecticides necessitate evaluating biorational insecticides owing differential chemistry and modes of action than the conventional ones. This laboratory study comparatively evaluated some selected differential chemistry insecticides against some destructive and economically important insect pests i.e. mango mealybug (Drosicha mangiferae Green), mango...
Safdar Ali1*, Muhammad Umar1, Bashir Ahmad Khan2, Ijaz Ahmed3, Amir Manzoor1, Muhammad Saqib Riaz1, Muhammad Irfan Arif1 and Asif Nawaz1
...eld was increased in the narrow row spacing as compared to wider row spacing, whereas, weed density and biomass was decreased in narrow spacing that may be due to less availability of space and more intra and inter specific competition. Maximum land equivalent ratio (1.8) was found under the plot where alternate strips of three lines of both crops were grown at 30 cm intra and inter strip ...
Sanjeela Sabahat1*, Juliya Abbasi2, Mushtaq Ahmad1, Saima Mumtaz1, Taj Naseeb Khan1, Sudheer Tariq1 and Muhammad Imran1
...>Strawberry (Fragaria x ananasa) is a widely grown fruit crop known for its color, aroma and texture. The fruit is enriched with vitamin C, manganese and antioxidants. In Pakistan, except for a few low-temperature regions, it is mainly grown as an annual fruit crop where runners are transplanted every year. Owing to its short growing period and high profitability, it is mostly produced by small scale farmers. However, the ch...
Aftab Ahmad Sheikh1, Khalil Ahmed1*, Belqees Akhter1, Ghulam Qadir1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1, Hafeezullah Rafa1, Abdul Wakeel1, Abdul Manan Saeed2
... the country. In this scenario, use of underground saline water for crop production with acceptable economic yield is a viable management strategy. Therefore, a lysimeter study was conducted to evaluate the effects of saline water on quality and quantity of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Forage sorghum was sown in cemented blocks and five increasing levels of saline water (0.30, 4, 6, 8 and 10 dS m-1) were used to irri...
Stephen Chijioke Emencheta1, Chinelo Charity Eze1, Anthony Amaechi Attama2, Damian Ejike Agbo1 and Ebele Benedette Onuigbo1*
...hage specific to Pseudomonas sp. Both Pseudomonas spp. and bacteriophages were isolated from residential wastewaters. The isolated Pseudomonas spp. were confirmed through biochemical tests. Antibiogram was done with nine (9) different antibiotics, including;aztreonam (ATM), chloramphenicol (CPL), gentamicin (GTN), tetracycline (TTE), sulphamethoxazole/tr...
Daniel Stewart Robertson
...ticles is discussed. The natural control of virus particles in a metabolism is shown to be hydrolysis of the capsid by monophosphoric acid. Also shown is that for protection against the common cold an individual has ideally to be vaccinated with attenuated versions of the virus particles produced by his or her own cells. Observations supporting the proposals are presented....
Vahid Mollasadeghi1,2* and Samaneh Elyasi1,2
...s Agria. The results of analysis of variance of the evaluated traits showed that the effect of PVY virus treatment was significant on chlorophyll a, b, leaf area and stem length at 1% and 5%, respectively. In addition, the effect of Pars Humic seven on chlorophyll a, b, leaf area and stem length was significant at 1% level. The results of the interaction effect of PVY virus treatment in Pars Humic were significant only for chlorophyll a, b and leaf area at 1% ...
M. Hanafy1, Rehab Elhelw2, Soliman M. Soliman3, Sherif Marouf2*
...iratory manifestation as nasal discharge, fever, off food, with ocular discharge and air gasping, paralysis of lips and salivation were subjected to clinical examination and a total of 141 samples were collected as follow; 111 nasopharyngeal swabs, 15 tracheal swabs and 15 lung specimens collected from camels from different governorates (New valley, Giza, Naj Hammadi (Qe
Muhammad1, Saadat Mehmood1,2, Atif Muhammad1*, Zaib Ullah3
...district Swabi. A preliminary study was conducted from 1st January to 31st May 2016. The study revealed that the ratio of Hepatitis B and C in the local population was found 103 (34 %) and 199 (66 %) respectively. Out of 143 males, 37 (26 %) were infected by HBV while the remaining 106 (74%) were infected by HCV. 66 (42%), out of 159 infected females were infected by HBV while the remaining 93 (58%) were infected by HCV. In the local population, the transfusio...
Noha M. El-Shabrawy1, Atef M. Kamel2, Aza S. Goda1, Gehad R. Donia1, Ahmed M. Salah-Eldein2*
... pollution in El-Salam Canal which is considered as an important source of water for land irrigation and drinking of livestock in north Sinai, Egypt. A total of 58 wild birds belonging to 4 different species; Egyptian barn swallow (Hirundo rustica), house sparrow (Passer domestics), great white egret (Ardea alba) and striated heron (Butorides striata) were hunted by a net trap to determine the concentration of lead (Pb), cad...
Arshad Farooq1, Abdul Hassan1, Muhammad Ishaq2, Asif Nawaz3*, Iltaf Ullah4 and Hidayatullah5
...ved knowledge, lack of financial power, irrigation problems and high cost of inputs were the most important problems faced by the farmers. Agricultural departments need to develop and disseminate climate smart recommended agricultural production technologies. The government and private organizations should arrange trainings and awareness programs regarding climate change to overcome the effect on agriculture. ...
Asad Ullah1*, Umar Sadique2, Ibadullah Jan2, Imad Khan1, Raheela Taj3, Mumtaz Ali Khan4, Salah-ud-din4, Naimat Ullah Khan1
...vis in specific occupational groups; to study the socio-demographic conditions, awareness, level of knowledge and practices about tuberculosis; to investigate the molecular prevalence of bTB. Overall, 390 no of sputum samples collected as of 800-participants comprised of TB patients (100), livestock(L/S) farm employees(200), abattoir employees(174), butchers(294), veterinarian(10) and veterina...
Nacira Djabali1*, Souad Dougat2, Wahida Haddadi2 and Lamis Fadhli2
...yl ether (EGME) on the gonadotropic axis and semen biology in the rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus. Thirty adult male rabbits were divided into three groups (n = 10): a control group and 2 groups treated with EGME. The solvent was applied at two increasing doses: 50 ppm and 150 ppm for five successive weeks, orally. The level of the circulating gonadotropin hormones luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormo...
Samaria Nisar1, Tariq Manzoor Khan1, Muhammad Ahsan Iqbal1, Rahmat Ullah2, Muhammad Asim Bhutta3*, Saghir Ahmad3, Amna Bibi3, Hafeez ur Rehman4, Umar Farooq4 and Muhammad Zubair Ishaq5
...he hour. A thorough examination of F2 populations may reveal important information for the development of various breeding programmes. This study was on F2 populations, derived from four parents of upland cotton, i.e. CRIS-134, VH-329, IUB-222, CIM-240 which were sown in the Plant Breeding and Genetics section, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad; Pakistan, during the normal growing season of cotton. A Randomized Complete Block design with three replications...
Aiguo Zhou1,2,4, Shaolin Xie1,2, Zhuolin Sun1,2, Yongyong Feng1,2, Shulin Liu1,2, Di Sun1,2, Yanfeng Chen3 and Jixing Zou1,2*
...istence among the Channa genus. In present study, we measured 11 countable characteristics and 29 measurable characteristics of 89 individuals and performed morphological analysis among five Channa species. The principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of five principal components reached 78.928%, and tail sh...
Zahoor Hussain1,2, Yasir Iftikhar3, Mustansar Mubeen3, Muhammad Zia Saleem3, Muhammad Umer Naseer3, Muhammad Luqman4, Raheel Anwar5, Faheem Khadija6 and Aqleem Abbas7
...nnow mandarin. Various management practices have been adopted to mitigate this disease. However, this disease can only be effectively minimized by the application of micronutrients which play an essential role in increasing the vigour of citrus against the disease. In the present study, typical symptoms of citrus greening, such as mottled leaves, were observed on the infected trees. The infected fruits were undeveloped and partially or entirely failed in attai...
Stefan Pratama Chandra1, Yoanes Maria Vianney1, Theresia Liliani Christie2, Merlyn Wongso2, Melisa Widjaja2, Deok-Chun Yang3, Se Chan Kang4, Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum5,6 and Johan Sukweenadhi1*
... Caslon Pro";">Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. is one of the most well-known plants in traditional medicine that contains bioactive compounds called ginsenosides. It is widely used as raw material in many pharmaceutical industries in Indonesia. However, to supply for this purpose, they still rely on imports. PT. Kalbe Farma (through its subsidiary, PT. Bintang Toedjoe), University of Surabaya (Ubaya), and Hanbang-Bio Lab...
Blood Profile of Soybean Meal Substitution with Black Soldier Fly Larvae in New Zealand White Rabbit
Ardi Prasetio1*, Christina Maria Sri Lestari2, Sutaryo Sutaryo2, Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum3,4, Muhammad Zahoor5, Asma Nisar6 and Muhannad Illayan Massadeh7
...tion in Indonesia is dominated by high-cholesterol meat that can lead to several cardiovascular diseases. Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus Linnaeus, 1758), known as low cholesterol meat, can be alternatively chosen for daily consumption. Soybean meal (SBM), as the primary protein source in rabbit ration, has some disadvantages. Protein value in Black Soldier Fly Larvae -BSFL (Herme...
Ali Ikhwan1*, Dian Indratmi1, Faridlotul Hasanah1, Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum2,3 and Irum Iqrar4,5
...hanol, and then the supernatant is purified using a centrifuge. The metabolic analysis was performed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and comparing the data with the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database to obtain specific metabolites. The inhibition test was done with one control (P0: chemical fungicide) and two-level of treatment, i.e., the conce...
Niamat Ullah Khan1*, Umbreen Shahzad2, Azhar Abbas Khan2, Sami Ullah2, Muhammad Arshad Farooq2, Muhammad Kashan2 and Shitab Khan2
... of Pakistan. In this scenario, reduced tillage could be the best option. A field experiment was conducted during 2019 to study the impact of two tillage systems [reduced (10 cm depth, one tiller followed by rotavator) and conventional (20 cm depth, including disc plough, cultivator, rotavator, and levelling operations)] and five irrigation intervals (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days) on cotton yield and lint percentage. Total irr...
Faryal Malik, Mudassar Nawaz Khan* and Israr-ud-Din
... flooding sensitive was analyzed for flooding response mechanism. Poorly drained fields and unexpected rains in the sowing and germination times lead to flooding stress. Wheat varieties namely Atta Habib, Siran and Ghanemat-e-IBGE were grown in glass house and studied for their flooding stress response and ability to recover after flooding stress removal at morphological and antioxidant en...
Nguyen Binh Truong1,2,3*, Nguyen Van Thu3
...tion, Rumen ecology, Ruminants ...
Tamoor Ali1*, Muhammad Hamid Bashir1, Bilal Saeed Khan1, Abdul Ghaffar2, Danish Riaz3, Muhammad Zia ul Haq1, Shoaib Nawaz1, Aneeb Ali1, Iftikhar ul Hassan1, Ikram Ul Haq4, Muhammad Khuram Shahzad1, Usama Saleem5 and Tamsila Nazir2
...f sucking insect pest fauna against the transgenic and non-transgenic cotton varieties. To figure out the response of these pest with the meteorological factors against whitefly, thrips and jassid. For this experiment RCBD Design was used. The five varieties of cotton were used in which IUB-2015, MNH-886, FH-142 and CEMB-33 were the Bt varieties while FH 942 was the non-Bt. The highest population of whitefly (4.707/leaf), thrips (4.073/leaf) and jassid (3.940/...
Qurban Ali1, Muhammad Faheem Akhtar1, Asad Aslam1*, Muhammad Shehzad2, Muhammad Jamal2, Humaira Malik1, Imran Nadeem1, Aqsa Abbas1, Muhammad Jawad Saleem1, Tamsila Nazir1 and Kanwal Hanif1
...ment was conducted under natural and semi-natural conditions to determine the host plant resistance of nine (09) chick pea advance genotypes viz., (K01211, K01216, K01241, K01242, K09012, KO1308, K014001, K014002, K-14003) and one (1) control (Noor). Antixenosis was calculated by counting the number of eggs per stem and antibioses was assessed by counting the number of infested leaves and survival rate of pest. The results r...
Dewi Ratih Ayu Daning1,2, L.M. Yusiati1, C. Hanim1, B.P. Widyobroto1*
...ly randomized design to analyze the data. Only if do such differences exist, the Duncan Multiple Range Tests (DMRT) were conducted. The treatments consist of the following galangal EO doses: 0, 30, 60, 120 µL, and 5 µL pure cineole at 300 mg dry matter feed. The experiment proves that gas production, methane (CH4), dry matter digestibility, and ammonia (NH3) significantly decrease (P<0.05) at all doses of galangal EO. The addition of cineole res...
Sudip Debnath1, Dipta Sundar Sarker1, Pankaj Kundu1, Md. Shahin Parvez1, Shaikh Tareq Arafat1, Roshmon Thomas Mathew2, Yousef A Alkhamis2,3, Md Moshiur Rahman1, Sheikh Mustafizur Rahman1*
...important live-bearing ornamental fish, is widely used in aquariums. It is omnivorous in nature and feeds on both live and formulated feeds. There is no study assessing the effect of formulated egg custard, live and commercial feeds on the growth performance and survival of swordtail. Therefore, the study was carried out to investigate the effect of a live feed (Tubifex), formulated egg custard, and two commercial feeds (one...
Yang Yang1,2, Ji Shao1,2, Mingxu Zhou3,4, Qiangde Duan1,2, Xinyi Zhang1,2 and Guoqiang Zhu1,2*
...ect of quorum sensing signal molecule acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) on the biological characteristics of Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), gene lasI of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is responsible for the synthesis of long side-chain AHL (3OC12-HSL), and gene yenI of Yersinia enterocolitica which is responsible for the synthesis of short side-chain AHL (C6-HSL), were selected and transformed i...
Altaf Hussain1*, Muhammad Saad Ashraf3, Asim Shamim1, Mohsin Nawaz1, Arslan Mehboob2 and Urooj Fatima2
... constraint on the sustainable food security around the globe including Pakistan. Poultry industry is the second biggest industry in Pakistan while IBD is an important disease seriously threatening poultry farming. Despite the use of mass and intense vaccination regimens, the disease continues to sustain in many countries around the globe including Pakistan. However, to some extent, the epidemic strains and epidemic patterns...
Prima Mei Widiyanti1*, Mirnawati B Sudarwanto2, Etih Sudarnika2, Raphaella Widiastuti1
.... The milk samples were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. This study showed that no heating (control), heating at 72 oC for 15 seconds (high temperature short time pasteurization), and 89 oC for 1 second (higher heat shorter time pasteurization) did not affect on enrofloxacin antibiotic residue concentration, however heating at 121 oC for 15 minutes (sterilization) affected the antibiotic enrofloxacin. The stability of enrofl...
Abbas M. Al-Azab1*, Ahmed A. Zaituon2, Khalid M. Al-Ghamdi3, Fahd M. Abd Al Galil4,5
...ity ...
Ahmed M. Elbaz*, Engy F. Zaki, Morsy A. S.
...sed ( P < 0.05) abdominal fat content. Plasma triglyceride, LDL, creatinine, and uric acid levels were lower (P<0.05) in the birds fed QS supplementation, while HDL was significantly higher. Saturated fatty acid content and shear force value (more tender) were reduced (P<0.05) while increasing the levels of quinoa inclusion in broiler diets. It can be concluded that QS dietary supplementation would be recommended as a feasible approach to improve prod...
Ijaz Rasool Noorka1,2*, Bilal Ahmad Khan3*, Kafeel Ahmad4, Zafar Iqbal Khan4, Muhammad Ather Nadeem3, Amer Nawaz2, Tasneem Ahmad5 and Humayun Bashir4
...es are the major nutritional items along with other supplements. In Pakistan and sub-continent, the shortage of fodder and forages is very common particularly in kharif season because shortage of the fresh water resources. The waste water is manly passed down as supplemental irrigation source to irrigate field crops including fodder and forages. The studies showed the provisions of Iron (Fe) in feces, forages, soil, fodder and grazing animal’s blood data...
Nedžad Hadžiomerović1*, Ozan Gündemir2, Senad Kovačević1
...amp;H. The morphometric analysis was performed on the 11 measurements and geometric analysis evaluates shape variation between two species with ten landmarks. The study revealed that the mandible of the jackal was longer and of massive bone compared to fox mandibles. The most significant difference was the total length, the indentation between the condylar and the angular process, and the measurement from the aboral alveolus...
Amal H. Mostafa, Mohammed Y. Matoock, Heba M. A. Khalil*
...tion associated with a management program for stray dogs. Eight adult native dogs were collected from Maadi district streets in Cairo. and brought to the clinic to assess their aggression level. They were exposed to a 10 behavioral test series, including friendly greeting, room behavior, leash manner, look test, sensitivity test, tag test, squeeze test, food behavior, toy behavior, and dog to dog behavior to measure the dog&...
Tabinda Urooj1,*, Bushra Wasim1, Shamim Mushtaq2, Syed Nudrat Nawaid Shah1, Lubna Faisal3, Moazzam Ali2, Nabeela Rasheed1 and Syed Faizan Ali Rizvi4
...factors. This study has analyzed the data gathered from two-renowned tertiary health care centers targeting a large subpopulation of Karachi. This will greatly help in determining the most prevalent risk factors as well as the clinical findings of breast cancer lung metastatic females among the target population. This comparative cross-sectional study which is aimed to determine the risk factors associated with breast cancer...
Romaan Hayat Khattak1, Zhensheng Liu1*, Liwei Teng1* and Ejaz ur Rehman2
...ed due to the lack of faunal inventories. In such situations, it is imperative to make proper records of the existing fauna on local scales to strengthen the conservation practices. Twenty-one species representing 18 genera, 12 families and six orders of mammals were recorded in Nowshera district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (KP), Pakistan from an inventory conducted from November 2018 to July 2019. Selected locations were s...
Imran Ali Chandio1, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1*, Qamaruddin Jogi1, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro2 and Siraj Ahmed Channa3
...O-1 and Hysun-39). Data analysis revealed nitrogen fertigation, genotypes and their interaction substantially (P≤0.05) affected growth and yield traits of sunflower. Greater seed yield (kg ha-1) and the oil content (%) were documented in N10 = 125 kg N ha-1: three splits (⅓ broadcasting at sowing time + fertigation- ⅓ at 1st and ⅓ at 3rd irrigation), followed by N8 = 125 kg N ha-1: two splits (½...
Muhammad Iqbal Jakhro1*, Nadeem Sadiq1, Javed Ahmed Abro1, Amanullah1, Fateh Muhammad2, Maqbool Ahmed3, Syed Ishtiaq Ahmed Shah3 and Qasid Hussain4
...tem. As regards to soil analysis for nutrients concentration, it is concluded from this study that the observed from various of parameters which is growth and developments of olive saplings and soil nutrient status improved through mineral fertilizer when applied in soil during the two periods (three months), besides treatment 5 (NPK 50:25:25) was the superior in this concern....
Ali Zohaib*, Muzzammil Hussain, Iftikhar Ahmad and Adnan Bashir
...10 g per tray. Economic analysis exhibited that maximum net returns and benefit cost ratio (BCR) was achieved by using 90 g seed per tray. In conclusion, 90 g seed per tray improved the grain yield by enhancing number of productive tillers and grain weight of fine basmati rice; hence, could be adopted for better productivity and economic benefits of mechanically transplanted fine basmati rice.
...
Muhammad Rizwan1*, Jehanzeb Farooq1, Amjad Farooq1, Muhammad Farooq1,2, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Riaz4, Muhammad Rafique Shahid3, Hafiz Ghazanfar Abbas1 and Muhammad Kashif Shahzad Sarwar1
...lts were noticed in the analysis of variance. Further investigation in correlation analysis revealed that there was comendable positive association among leaf chlorophyll contents, seed cotton yield (SCY), No. of sympodia, seed index and boll weight(g). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) demonstrated that only 02 out of 08 PCs showed eigen value greater than 1. The contribution of first tw...
Rehman Shahzad1, Saba Irshad1* and Faisal Amin2
...uenced to perform mutational analysis. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that B2 sub-lineage is endemic in the country as all isolated H9N2 strains belongs to this clade of G-1 lineage. Two isolated H9N2 strains A/Chick/Pak/303/2018 and A/Chick/Pak/436/2019 contain six glycosylation sites instead of seven as found in their ancestral strains. A comparative ana
Asmaa G. Mubarak1*, Mona M. Mustafa2, Mohamed W. Abdel-Azeem3, Dina N. Ali2
...r each), 10% were contaminated with Salmonella with the acquisition of shish-tawook (14%). On the other hand, 100 hand swabs that were assembled from food handlers working in the same places yielded 13 Salmonella isolates, at the time 4 isolates were only obtained from 50 hospitalized patients with diarrhea. From the public health point of view, S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis, and S. kentucky were serotyped from both food and human samples. Epidemiologically, ...
Anguara Khatun1*, Sachchidananda Das Chowdhury1, Bibek Chandra Roy2, S.M. Shafikul Gani3, Bipul Chandra Ray1, Tanvir Ahmed1
...owth performance, intestinal morphology, and cost-effectiveness in commercial broiler production. Four hundred eighty Cobb 500 straight run broiler chicks were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments each of eight replications having 20 birds each. The basal diets were corn-soya broiler starter and broiler grower diets. Starter diet was fed up to 21 days and grower diet during 22-35 days. In treatment 1, chicks were fed a basal diet (Diet 1), in treatme...
Saleem Ur Rahman1, Muhammad Irfan Yousaf1*, Mozammil Hussain2, Khadim Hussain1, Shahid Hussain1, Muhammad Husnain Bhatti1, Dilbar Hussain1, Aamir Ghani1, Abdul Razaq1, Muhammad Akram1, Iqra Ibrar1, Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad1, Shoaib Anwar Kohli3, Muhammad Abubakar Siddiq4
...conditions. Correlation analysis indicated that some high temperature stress indices i.e., STI, MP, GMP and HARM had a strong positive correlation with kernel yield under normal (Yp) and high temperature stress conditions (Ys). Biplot analysis further unveiled that two local maize hybrids i.e., YH-5507 and YH-5427 were the most productive, stable and heat tolerant while YH-5532, P-1543 and NK-8711 showed poor performance und...
Shoaib Ahmed Pirzado1,2*, Wu Zhengke1, Adanan Purba1, Chen Jiang1, Huiyi Cai1, Chen Guilan1 and Guohua Liu1*
...ent availability, intestinal enzymes activity, immune function, and bone mineralization of broiler chickens. A total of 240-day old male chicks were randomly assigned into comprising four treatments with six replicates (n=10), which included control (basal diet), control +0.25% AZO, control + 0.50% AZO and control + kitasamycin (as AGPs). The results indicate that LBGW, ADG and FCR was significantly (P<0.05) improved in AZO 0.25% and 0.50% than the control....
Ho Shi Hui1, Eng-Keng Seow2, Nurul Huda1*
...ure and texture profile analysis were compared. Ultrasound treatment had caused a significant (p<0.05) change in pH, foaming capacity, and the folding test score of egg white gel. However, texture profile analysis showed that the hardness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness of egg white gel had decreased after ultrasound treatment. Ultrasound-treated duck egg white for 40 minutes showed a significantly (p<0.05) highe...
Asif Sadam1*, Rahmat Ullah Khan1, Sajid Mahmood1 and Juma Gul2
...xtinction rates and eliminates the majority of native species. The pattern of rainfall is changing and frequency of extreme events increasing due to urbanization and rapidly increasing average global temperature. These changes are having observable impacts on biodiversity at species level and ecosystem level, in terms of distribution, composition and function. Mardan district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has different habitats; it ...
K.M. Injarul Haque, Sharmeen Islam*, Md. Rokibul Islam Khan, Md. Ruhul Amin
...o ensile rice straw, and napier leftovers with rumen contents (RC), and molasses to determine the physical and nutritional properties of silages. Silages were prepared in airtight plastic containers at ambient temperature according to the treatments T0 (0% RC), T1 (5% RC), T2 (10% RC), and T3 (15% RC) with 5% molasses as dry matter basis at 0, 14, 21, and 28 days, respectively. Results showed that the physical qualities (col...
Ghulam Abbas, Sultan Mahmood*, Ahsan ul Haq and Haq Nawaz
...clusion of sodium bicarbonate on production performance of caged layers during summer was studied. One hundred sixty commercial layers (24 weeks old) were purchased from a poultry farm and were reared in a group for one week (adaptation period). At the start of 25th week of age, these layers were divided into 20 experimental units/replicates (8 layers/ replicate), which were further allotted to five treatment groups (4 replicate/ treatment). Five diets (A, B, ...
Rehman Shahzad1, Saba Irshad1*, Malik Saddique Mehmood1 and Faisal Amin2
...RT-PCR and sequenced to analyze mutations in this viral segment. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed sequences from 2015 to 2017 form a single evolving clade. Valdar residues conservation scores by multiple sequence alignment showed the C terminal region of NEP protein is conserved while C terminal region of effector domain (ED) of NSI protein exhibit muta...
Yan Jiang1,2, Xia Tao3,4 and Hongxia Chen5,6*
...On the basis of conventional treatment, the control group was given prednisone and cyclophosphamide treatment, and the study group was given rituximab-assisted prednisone and cyclophosphamide treatment, both of which were treated for 6 months. The efficacy, adverse reactions, and recurrence rates of 1 and 2 years after treatment, clinical symptom scores and renal function indices such as urine protein quantification (Upro), ...
Amjad Ali1, Muhammad Amir2*, Bilal Ur Rehman2, Zafar Khan3 and Abid Munir1
...cement, normalization, binarization and thinning of fingerprint image followed by feature extraction. In this paper, a novel encryption method for minutiae based low-quality-fingerprint framework is proposed. The proposed encryption algorithm works through addition of spurious information to the originally extracted fingerprint data. The addition of spurious information is in correlation with the origi<...
Syed Sikandar Habib1*, Saira Naz2, Sehar Khalid3, Rimsha Kanwal2, Iqra Ameer1, Sadia Nawaz1 Aamir Khan4, Abid Ur Rehman5, Muqaddas Kousar6, Shafa Ullah Khan7 and Nadia Nazir7
...mulator, antibiotic alternative and growth promotor. The current research was conducted to assess the effect of variant level of Agaricus bisporus on immunity and haematological parameters of Oreochromis niloticus. A total of 120 healthy fishes with average weight 24.0 ± 12.5g were distributed randomly into four fiber glass tanks in triplicates (each tank contains 10 fishes). The experimental diet was prepared with variant concentration of mushroom such...
Li Wei, Wei-wei Shao and Zhi-hua Lin*
...y;">Environmental contaminants derived from pesticides could lead to a decline in wildlife populations and cause disruption of wildlife behavior, life history, and reproduction. Here, we have investigated the toxic effects of four pesticides, namely, chlorantraniliprole, penoxsulam, pymetrozine, and haloxyfop-P-methyl, on the survival and growth of the larvae of two anuran species, Fejervarya limnocharis and Microhyla fissip...
Mustafa Ozan Atasoy
...ransgenic capacity, and enabling the DIVA strategy. Numerous bivalent and multivalent HVT constructs have been generated by various methods and some of these constructs have been made commercially available so far. The efficacy of HVT-vectored vaccines has been assessed either individually or in combination with other vaccine formulations; hence, the optimal competence of these vaccines against viral diseases has been report...
Shireen S. Aboelwafa¹, Alsagher O. Ali², Rania Hamada³, Hassan Y.A.H. Mahmoud2*
... of environmental contamination with T. gondii and N. caninum oocysts. In addition, in developing countries such as Egypt, where sheep and goat meat is commonly consumed, T. gondii and N. caninum infection in small ruminants may also affect public health risks. So that we estimate the prevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum infections in Egyptian small ruminants, by using enzyme-linked immu...
Kusuma Adhianto*, Satria Ibnu Lenanto, Akhmad Dakhlan, Muhamad Dima Iqbal Hamdani
...one type of goat family, namely Saburai goat. The Saburai goat is a meat goat type from = grading up between male Boer goat female Etawa Grade (PE) goat. The objectives of this research were to find out the value of genetic and phenotypic correlation between weaning weight and one yearling weight of female Saburai goats in Sumberejo District, Tanggamus Regency. A total of 100 female of Saburai goats aged one year were used in this study. This research data use...
Keiven Mark B. Ampode1*, Federico C. Mendoza2
...ase (p<0.05) in the final weight, body weight gain, voluntary feed intake, and feed conversion ratio. The cell-mediated immunity showed no significant difference (p>0.05) among treatment means. However, the results revealed that the immune organ indicators of broiler chickens fed with OP were higher than those birds without OP in the diet. On the other hand, the total expenses of broiler chickens fed with 5% oregano powder were reduced by 5.81% of the to...
Hongqun Li1,*, Liganag Xing1, Xiaoli Liu2, Yonglan Pu3, Yuqing Yang3 and Yongyao Fu1
...l pine wilt disease was analyzed by using the Maxent model in the current and future conditions. Our results indicated that Maxent model provided satisfactory result with the AUC value of 0.871 and 0.841 for the model training and testing, respectively. The most significant factors were maximum temperature of hottest month, mean temperature of hottest quarter, altitude, annual mean temperature and minimum temperature of coldest month, with the thresholds 30.5~...
Tintin Rostini1*, Irwan Zakir1, Danang Biyatmoko2
... the data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance while differences between treatments were further analyzed with Duncan’s test. The results showed that yeast + curcuma (TR3) supplementation had a significant performance by increasing consumption, dry matter digestibility, organic matter, crude protein, as well as neutral detergent (NDF), and acidic detergent fiber (ADF), a...
Mary A. Sargious1, Hanaa A. Ahmed1, Ragab M. El-Shawarby2, Hatem H. Bakery2, Sherif I. Ramadan3, E. Gus Cothran4 and Ayman Samir Farid5*
..., to examine the traditional maternal based strain classification system “Al Khamsa” using samples of native Arabian horses reared in the El-Zahraa stud based on 16 microsatellite markers. El-Zahraa stud showed high inbreeding (FIS = 0.110) and should be corrected by modifying mating system through avoiding excessive use of certain sires in breeding program. Across the five bas...
Lin Ye, Jie-Lan Jiang*, Jia Xu, Rui-Ting Liu, Yin-Qiu Tian, Qing-Qing Zang, Jia-Yi Cao and Ming-Guang Mao*
...nd Takifugu flavidus. SignalP and TMHMM analysis showed that TrCLCN5-deduced protein was a type III transmembrane protein and lacked a typical signal peptide. Conserved Domain analysis revealed that there was a Voltage_CLC domain and two CBS domains located in the TrCLCN5 deduced protein. qPCR analysis showed that TrCL...
Imran Bodlah1*, Muhammad Tariq Rasheed1, Muhammad Farooq Nasir1, Tariq Mahmood2 and Muhammad Asif3
...th 4 ant’s species namely, Camponotus parius, Camponotus compressus, Tapinoma melaocephalum, Lepisiota fraunfeldi have been discussed. Four natural enemies; two species of syrphid flies namely, Allobaccha apicalis (Loew, 1858), Allobaccha sapphirina (Wiedemann, 1830), two species of Coccinellid beetles, Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccin...
A.M. Abdul Azeem, Ashraf M. Mounir and Amr N. El-Shahat*
...ity of xanthine dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase and catalase) in the group of alloxan (150 mg/kg B.WT)-administrated rats as compared to control group. Treatment of diabetic rats with GPSDP (1 g/kg B.Wt/day/ 8 weeks) resulted in significant reduction of glucose level and lipid-peroxidation with amelioration of hormonal disturbance and enhancement of testicular antioxidant status with relative to alloxan-induced diabetic ...
Chunjie Song1, Shangquan Gan2 and Xiaoyun Shen1,3*
...of the Qinghai Lake National Nature Reserve and randomly divided into low-dose group, high-dose group, gentamicin sulfate group and control group with 5 Procapra przewalskii in each group. The P. przewalskii in modified Yujin powder group were given Yujing powder once every morning and evening, 3, 4 mL/ (kg·BW) for the low-dose group and high-dose group, respectively. The P. przewalskii were injected with gentamicin sulfate intramuscularly,once every mo...
Keqiang Wei1*, Yue Wei2 and Changxia Song1
...ly completely on their innate immune system comprised of various cells, molecules and signaling pathways to survive. Although signaling pathways such as MAPK, NF-κB and Nrf2 have been extensively studied in vertebrates, our current understanding of them in crustaceans is still in the infancy. Studies have found that three members, i.e. p38, RelA (p65) and Nrf2 are evolutio
Mohammad Hussain Haidary1, Rozanaliza Radzi1*, Muhammad Waseem Aslam1, Seng Fong Lau1, Farina Mustaffa Kamal2, Ahmad Rasul Radzali1
...n but reported to incriminate bacterial, viruses, and immunologic factors. This retrospective study is aimed to describe the clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes in cats diagnosed with FCGS. Patient records with FCGS were retrieved from 2008-2018 at University Veterinary Hospital (UVH), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). The diagnosis of FCGS was made based on oral examination with...
Mirza Gul1*, Muhammad Zahid1, Ikram Ilahi2, Hazrat Ali2*, Fida Hussain3 and Muhammad Anwar Sajad3
...ne extracts of two medicinal plants, Artemisia scoparia and Anisomeles indica against larvae, pupae and adults of Culex quinquefasciatus. The study also evaluated the predatory effects of the diving beetle, Agabus cybister, against various instar larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus. Bioassay of whole-plant extracts was performed following WHO methods, with slight modifications. LC50 values for A. scoparia and A. indica against early fourth instar larvae were 360.4 ...
Muneeb M. Musthafa1,* and Fauziah Abdullah1,2,3
...studied at lower elevational mountain reserves and their beetle diversity, which could be decisive in resolving mysteries in tropical biogeography. Objective of this study is to assess and compare the beetle diversity at three selected lower elevational mountains to enlighten our understanding. Measuring the beetle diversity at Fraser’s hill, Gunung Besar Hantu and Gunung Angsi at lower altitudi
Khadim Hussain Memon1,*, Amir Mahmood Memon2, Tahira Jabeen Ursani3, Abdul Manan Shaikh1 and Sapna Waheed Memon1
...ality (Z) was 1.03/year, natural mortality (M) was 0.635/year at mean annual surface water temperature of Indus River 21°C, fishing mortality (F) was 0.395/year and exploitation rate (E) was estimated at 0.384/year. The growth performances indices phi prime (Φ’) 3.429 was computed accordingly. The present fishing mortality 0.395/year was smaller than the target biological reference points (Fopt= 0.635/year, Fmax= 1.05/year and F0.1= 0.90/year). T...
Sadaf Shahid1, Abdul Razzaq2, Gul-Makai1, Asim Shamim3*, Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan4, Rana Hamid Ali Nisar5, Qaiser Akram6, Mohsin Nawaz3
...hi sheep (12.50%) and Harnai sheep (10.00%). The Khurasani goat (15.15%) showed higher infestation as compared to Lehri goat (11.85%) and Sindhi goats (10.00%). It is concluded that the different breeds of sheep and goats were equally susceptible to tick infestation and there were no association of tick infestation with sheep and goat breeds however, the prevalence of ticks was significantly higher in summer than winter.
Keywords | Epidemiology, Ticks,...
Xiaoli Cai1,2, Saeed Ahmed3, Zhixin Lei1,*, Jianping Wu1,* and Taolei Sun1,2,*
...small as compared to ordinary antibiotics. The nanoparticle has unique physical and chemical properties, a large surface area, and an electric charge. Additionally, its antibacterial drug encapsulation can make it easier to enter the cell and improve the concentration in the target tissue. In the current review, the purpose is to find a more effective na...
Irshad Ahmad1,2*
... pest, integrated pest management program (IPM) strategy can be adopted that includes visual inspection, behavior management through pheromones, sanitation of the crop and field, removal of the infested frond and offshoot, eradicating the concealed breeding sites of the pest. IPM also include cultural techniques comprising in-groove humidity and palm density, judicious use of insecticides, using biological control agents inc...
Amjad Ali Channa1, Mansoor Tariq1*, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1, Nazeer Hussain Kalhoro2
...tested through hemagglutination inhibition (HI), AIV-ELISA and RT-PCR. The HI test revealed a significant (P<0.01) difference in the seroprevalence of H9 virus (40.11%), H5 virus (16.88%) and H7 virus (6.25%) respectively. The mean antibody titer against H5, H7 and H9 virus was 4.87, 3.72, and 5.31 log2 respectively. AIV-ELISA revealed that overall prevalence of AIV viruses was 8.44% which was subtyped through RT-PCR that revealed the higher occurrence of H...
Zheng Tan*, Li Li, Yuxin Song, Meirong Tian and Fan Jia
...ients diagnosed with coronary heart disease (CHD) were divided them into three groups, each containing 50 patients, namely stable angina pectoris (SAP) group, unstable angina pectoris (UAP) group, and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) group. Fifth healthy people were enrolled as control. The changes in serum endothelin, brain na<...
Muhammad Waqas1, Naveed Ahmed2*, Hamid Saeed Malik1, Unaiza Qamar3, Hasnain Javed4 and Ahsan Hussain1
...l and RDW 39.06fl. The final findings showed that IVS 1-5 (G-C) was the most common mutation in Punjabis and Fr 8-9 (+G) is the most common mutation of Pathan community. Lowest Hb was found in IVS 1-5 Mutation of β-thalassemia carrier patients....
Kashifa Naghma Waheed*, Tariq Rashid, Sikender Hayat, Muhammad Azeem and Sajid Ali Naqvi
...bjected to Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to find out the statistically significant difference (p<0.01) between two treatments for their response to fish growth. The post-hoc test revealed that growth of Major carps was significantly higher with greenhouse as compared to without greenhouse (at p < 0.05). Growth and survival rate of Catla catla were found more pronounced as compared to the other two carps under greenhouse cover. The results fa...
Sameh Abdel-Moez Ahmed Amer1*, Mohamed Abdel-Aziz Kutkat1, Mohamed Mahmoud Abdel-Baki1, Asmaa Mahmoud Maatouq1, Omnia Mohamed Kutkat2, Hagar Magdy Ahmed1, Khaled Mohamed El-Bayoumi1
...s in Egypt. The conventional vaccines can no longer provide an adequate protection for birds against ND outbreaks, where expected to be due to genotype mis-matched vaccines to the rapidly evoluted NDV field strains. Herein, the present study investigated the prevalence and the phylography of currently epidemic genotypes of NDV. Out of 550 samples were collected during an active surveillance in 2020 and 2021 from different poultry farms in five Egyptian governo...
Yuan Zhang1, Qingyue Han1, Peiquan Du1, Yi Lu1, Lianmei Hu1, Sadaqat Ali2, Khalid Mehmood2, Sajid Hameed2, Zhaoxin Tang1, Hui Zhang1* and Ying Li1*
...d the doctor due to inguinal mass, loss of appetite, dyspnea, fever, and other symptoms. Blood routine examination displayed declined MCV and lymphocytes, while augmentation of neutrophils. Serum biochemistry, SNAP cPL and blood gas analysis suggested that the dog have pancreatitis and chronic compensatory alkalosis. T...
Yuan Zhang1, Qingyue Han1, Peiquan Du1, Yi Lu1, Lianmei Hu1, Sadaqat Ali2, Khalid Mehmood2, Sajid Hameed2, Zhaoxin Tang1, Hui Zhang1* and Ying Li1*
...d the doctor due to inguinal mass, loss of appetite, dyspnea, fever, and other symptoms. Blood routine examination displayed declined MCV and lymphocytes, while augmentation of neutrophils. Serum biochemistry, SNAP cPL and blood gas analysis suggested that the dog have pancreatitis and chronic compensatory alkalosis. T...
Guangming Xiang1, Ran Di1, Yaowu Wang1, Shangquan Gan2, Shouren Liu2, Xiangyu Wang1, Wenping Hu1, Qiuyue Liu1* and Mingxing Chu1*
...ping method was used to analyze genotypes among Altay sheep (fat-rumped breed) and White Suffolk (thin-tailed breed) by Sequenom MassArray. For PRKAG3 gene, a c.1744C>T SNP and a c.1840C>T SNP have been genotyped. For SREBF1 gene, an unknown synonymous c.2878A>G SNP was detected. The genotype distributions in those two loci were significantly different between fat tail and thin tail breeds by chi-square test (P<0.05)....
Johar Hussian1, Faiz Muhammad2, Shafqat Fatimah Rehmani3, Aqeel Ahmad4, Nazir Ahmad Lone4, Moomal Bughio5, Syed Khurram Freed1 and Shakeel Ahmed Khan4*
...nsive such as heamagglutination inhibition test (HI), but IBV fail to give Heamagglutination (HA) reaction without pretreatment. Therefore, we designed this study for preparation of IBV antigen by treating with different enzymes for HA reaction. IBV local isolates were characterized by SDS-PAGE and RT-PCR. The indigenous isolate HA antigens were treated with different proteolytic enzymes trypsin, neuraminidase and phospholip...
Shaokun Lu1,2, Ronghua Li1,2*, Chunlin Wang1,2, Changkao Mu1,2 and Weiwei Song1
...n, Zhejiang province, China. The minor allele frequency ranged between 0.292 and 0.500, with an average of 0.384. The expected and observed heterozygosities (He and Ho) ranged from 0.422 to 0.545 and from 0.000 to 1.000 respectively. Four loci were found deviate significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Blast results give significant hits for nine confirmed SNP-associated sequences, some of these genes are associated with important immunological functions...
Sherif Abdelghany1, Lynda Allouche2, Ahmed A. Abd El-Maksoud3, Ehab N. Daoud4, Saleh A. Kandeal1, Mohamed A. Radwan1*
...ty and dairy chain sustainability. Forty-two Holstein cows in the middle of the first lactation were used and divided into a control group (22 cows) that received control diet and a treatment group (20 cows) that received a control diet supplemented with 200 g of potassium carbonate through 30 days. Milk yield for all cows were recorded, while a total number of 84 milk samples were collected on the tenth day of the tria...
Neven Waheeb1*, Sherif Marouf2, Essam Nasr3, Shaymaa Abdelmalek2
... variety of gastrointestinal diseases including gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric carcinoma. Laboratory diagnosis of H. pylori infection is made by invasive and non-invasive methods. Invasive methods require endoscopy which is uncomfortable and unacceptable for most patients. Therefore, non-invasive methods particularly serological tests are easier and comfortable for patients. The objective of this study was to comparati...
Saeed Ahmed Essote1, Asim Iqbal1, Muhammad Kamran Taj2*, Asmatullah Kakar1, Imran Taj2, Shahab-ud-Din Kakar1 and Imran Ali 3,4*
...rovince. A total of 619 snake specimens representing 6 families, 20 genera and 37 species were collected. The family wise representation among collected specimens has been Boidae (4.6%), Leptotyphlopidae (7.5%), Typhlopidae (10.3%), Elapidae (11.7%), Viperidae (13.4%) and Colubridae (52.5%). The percentage of family Boidae, Typhlopidae, Elapidae and Leptotyphlopidae were high in Sibi Division while family Viperidae and Colubridae were domi
Yin-Hua Wang1,2, Yi-Bing Zhu1, Li Jiang1, Bin Du3 and Xiu-Ming Xi1*
..., dose adjustment time, analgesic and sedative agent costs, short-term mortality, and adverse events potentially relevant to the study drugs. Data analysis will adopt an intention-to-treat approach. This trial will demonstrate the probability that remifentanil can reduce the duration of MV in long-term ventilated patients in critically ill patients compared to fentanyl....
Mohamed S. Hussein1*, Hanan A. Fahmy2, Ashraf A. Abd El Tawab3
...serious concern in veterinary and human health sectors worldwide. The objective of this study was to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of quinolones and fluoroquinolones resistance in Escherichia coli recovered from apparently healthy broiler chickens in Egypt. A total of 150 cloacal swabs collected from broiler chickens from farms and bird markets were subjected to bacteriological and biochemical examina<...
Uzma Ishaq1, Shahnaz Dawar2, Nasira Kazi1, Erum Iqbal1* and Saboohi Raza3
...terized by having a combination of characters: body length of female 0.7-1.0 mm, vulva at 56-59 percent of body length, anterior part of buccal cavity 5-7 µm wide, pharynx 198-238 µm long, tail 30-33 µm long, post uterine sac 10-16 µm in length, apex of dorsal tooth 3-5 µm from anterior end. Morphometric and morphological data of O. paraobtusus Jairajpuri and Khan, 1982 and O. obtusus Cobb, 1913 are also given. These species are d...
Serdar Eratak1, Metin Çabuk2,* and Ahmet Alcicek3
... relative weight of internal organ and carcass traits of growing quails. Day-old quails (240; Coturnix coturnix japonica) were randomly divided into 4 treatments, each with 4 replicates: control, 10%, 15% and 20% lentil byproducts—fed to the quails between 1 to 35 days of age. The mash experimental diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. No significant effects of the lentil byproduct inclusion level were observed on the mean total feed consumption, fee...
Tran Thi Bich Ngoc1,2, Ninh Thi Huyen1,2, Nguyen Cong Oanh2, Pham Kim Dang2*
...le product or their combination had improvements in performance parameters, nutrient digestibility, and fecal NH3 and H2S emissions compared with CONT diet. There were no differences in performance parameters between the use of the single product and the combination. In general, a diet containing a combination of PROB and ORAC had larger effects on parameters observed than a diet containin...
Esraa Yosry Abdel Halim1, Hamdy El-Essawy1, Abeer Abdel Nasser Awad1, Mona S. El-Kutry2, Lamiaa Ibrahim Ahmed1*
...d the widespread of international trade mandate the microbial evaluation of the imported dairy products. In the present study, ninety random samples of imported milk powder, labneh and cheddar cheese from New Zealand, Ireland, Turkey, Poland, Netherlands, European Union and Switzerland were collected from the Egyptian markets then were investigated organoleptically and microbiologically. The sensory evaluation revealed that ...
Pham Tan Nha1*, Nguyen Thi Kim Dong2, Le Thu Thuy1
...her daily weight gain, final live weight and the lower FCR were found for the G0.3 treatments (P<0.05). The ginger supplement in the diets of Tau Vang chicken improved the carcass, breast meat and thigh meat weights (P<0.05). The adding ginger into the diet the triglyceride and total cholesterol index in the blood of local chicken decreases, which is good for the health of chicken. Consumers using low triglyceride and total cholesterol chicken meat will ...
Masouras P.K.1, Nikolaou K.1,2, Laliotis G.P.1*, Koutsouli P.1, Bizelis I.1
...stimated using an image analysis approach. Samples of Greek Red had higher a* value (P<0.05) compared to those obtained from crossbreds. Female samples revealed higher (P<0.05) values of L* compared to male. Significant correlations were observed between some of the determined meat quality parameters. A strong correlation (r = 0.798; P<0.01) was noted between IMF and marbling content. The regression analysis between...
Shehzadi Saima1*, Faiza Ghaffar1, Ghulam Yasin1, Muhammad Nawaz2 and Khalid Masood Ahmad1
...d, ability of seeds germinations under high salt concentration is very vital. With this object we observed the effects of various levels of NaCl (0, 25, 50 and 75 mM) on six varieties (Green leaf, Rama posa, Arka anamika, Super green, Okra kashish and Nerali) of Okra. The results clearly indicated that seeds of all varieties can tolerate the lower concentration of salt (25 mM) and higher (50 mM) greatly reduced the seeds ger...
Abdul Haleem1*, Ghulam Hassan1, Arshad Iqbal2, Fahim Ullah Khan3, Muhammad Sajid3, Farhad Ahmad4, Rafi Ullah Khan5 and Mohammad Ilyas2
... F2 progenies, best combinations were Khatakwal × Lalma-13 for plant height (93.96 cm), Janbaz × Pirsabak-05 for tillers plant-1 (12.90), Khatakwal × Tatara-96 for economic yield per plant (28.36 g), Pirsabak-05 × Lalma-13 for spikeletsspike-1 (20.10) and Pirsabak-13×janbaz for 100-grain weight (4.33 g). High broad sense heritability (0.69%) was recorded in cross combinations, Panjab11 × L...
Kubilay Ucar1, Görkem Oruk2 and Sait Engindeniz1*
... Region and the Central Anatolia Region. In the last 10 years, plum production increased by 113.34% and reached 11,373 tons in Izmir. It has been determined that plum production and area will increase in the next five years. Within the scope of the research, cost and profitability of plum production for 2018 were calculated in Izmir province. The data of this paper is derived from Izmir Directorate of Provincial Agriculture and Forestry. Total production costs...
Altaf Mahmood1*, Muhammad Athar Khan2, Saima Parveen3, Tanveer Hussain4 and Ayesha Azad5
...ment period of 60 days. Analysis of fortnightly collected blood specimens revealed significantly (p <0.05) decreased hematocrit, total red blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume, haemoglobin concentration and inorganic phosphorous level of serum whereas significantly (p < 0.05) decreased mean corpuscular haemoglobin, red cell distribution width, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, total white cell count, monocytes and lymphocytes. The level of...
Seble Mulugeta1 and Amenu Leta2*
...ric power is well disseminated in the country. Ethiopia has been faced with critical energy access and supply problems with poorly ventilated cooking places. The current study examined factors determining households’ decision to adopt renewable energy technologies and energy source choice in Boset District. A two-stage stratified random sampling was employed to draw 210 respondents. The descriptive statistics and multinomial logit and the bi
Aly M. Ghetas1*, Dalia M. Sedeek1, Hanaa S. Fedawy1, M.A. Bosila1, Hoda M. Mekky1, Kh. M. Elbayoumi1, 3, Mohamed M. Amer2
...le is known about intestinal fungal population and its role during health and disease particularly in chickens. Thus, this preliminary study was performed to identify intestinal fungal population in immunosuppressed chickens. Cloacal swabs were collected from freshly dead chickens suffering from infectious bursal disease (IBD) for isolation of fungal species on specific medium. A total of ...
Mahreen Alam*, Muhammad Ashfaq, Sarfraz Hassan and Asghar Ali
...roundwater samples were analyzed for the Total Dissolved Solid, Electric Conductivity, and potential Hydrogen. The groundwater quality was good at the tail, marginal at the middle, and poor at the head reaches of the distributary. Primary data were collected from 300 respondents along 11-L distributary located in District Sahiwal, Punjab-Pakistan during 2018-19. A stratified random sampling technique was used to collect data...
Syukriah Syukriah1, Ulinnuha Nur Faizah2, Hendry T.S. Saragih3*, Rizki Fitrawan Yuneldi4, Soenarwan Hery Poerwanto5, Raden Roro Upiek Ngesti Wibawaning Astuti5, Stephan Immenschuh6
.../p>...
Ho Le Quynh Chau, Than Thi Thanh Tra, Duong Thi Huong, Du Thanh Hang, Le Thi Thu Hang, Vo Thi Minh Tam, Dinh Van Dung*, Ho Trung Thong
...eld and decreasing abdominal fat were observed in the fast-growing chicks fed high dietary SID methionine. The improvements in breast muscle of the fast-growing colored strain was reflected by increased mRNA expression of Myf5 and MEF2B but decreased expression of myostatin.
Keywords | Carcass, Fast-growing colored chickens, Methionine, Myogenic gene expression, Slow-growing colore...
Seon-Ho Kim1, Mahfuzul Islam1,2, A-Rang Son1, Sang-Suk Lee1*
...HC diet had higher propionate concentration (P < 0.05). The lowest A:P ratio was observed in the Holstein steers and those received HC diet (P < 0.05). From Metataxonomic analysis, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the most abundant bacterial phyla in both breeds and diets. Bacteroidetes was more abundant in the steers received HF diet while Firmicutes was increased with the HC diet. All four groups of steers had a dis...
Fulencio Ferretiz-Rodríguez1, Jose Alejandro Roque-Jiménez1, Héctor A. Lee-Rangel1*, Gregorio Alvarez-Fuentes1, Juan Carlos Garcia-Lopez1, Rolando Rojo-Rubio2
...itives represent an alternative to enhance the productivity in dairy cattle. Some herbal mixtures with conjugates of choline and methionine have improved milk yield in dairy cattle. An experiment was conducted to evaluate two herbal formulas as sources of choline and methionine on dairy cows production and metabolites change. Thirty-two Holstein cows (Body Condition Score 3.01 ± 0.16) fed a basal diet, were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: C...
Zane Vincevica-Gaile1, Karina Stankevica1, Maris Klavins1, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Damat Damat3*, Praptiningsih Gawawati Adinurani4, Lili Zalizar5, Muhammad Zul Mazwan6, Juris Burlakovs7,
Didiek Hadjar Goenadi8,9, Rista Anggriani3 and Aamir Sohail10
...y unfriendly and unsustainable. Seeking peat-substituting materials is of crucial importance on a global scale and may become a vitally significant assignment for future generations. The necessity for peat-free soil amendments is also directed by the targets of circular economy and environmental sustainability goals, leading to reducing or abandoning the use of fossil resources and paying attention to waste utilization as se...
Warkoyo Warkoyo1*, Devi Dwi Siskawardani1, Anggit Ayu Pradana Siwi1, Moch. Wachid1, Ivar Zekker2 and Jumpen Onthong3
Martha Echioda Ogbole*, James Agbo Ameh, Samuel Mailafia, Olatunde Hamza Olabode and Bridget Jessica Adah
...> virus of the family Arenaviridae, transmitted by the Mastomys natalensis rodent. This retrospective study was undertaken to determine the annual prevalence, distribution and case fatality rate (CFR) of LF in Nigeria with a view to establish the disease burden and dynamics, and to guide a sustainable control plan. The LF weekly epidemiological reports w...
Shang Zhenda1,2*, Kong Qinghui1,4*, Li Jiakui1,4, Liu Suozhu1,2, Tan Zhankun1,2, Shang Peng1,3 and Wang Honghui1,2
...als. Studying the intestinal flora of yak has significance to improving its productivity and immunity. In this study, we analysed the bacterial diversity in fresh faeces of wild yak and domestic yak. Results showed that the structure of the bacterial flora in wild yak and domestic yak was significantly different. Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and TM7 were the dominant phyla, an...
Muhammad Abdullah1, Sana Zahoor1*, Akhtar Ali2 and Masroor Ellahi Babar3
...ry disease, which causes narrowing of airway, airflow obstruction and produces wheezing sounds. Tumor necrosis factor α polymorphism leads to inflammation and provoke asthma which lead to morbidity and mortality in the population. The objective of the study was to look into single nucleotide polymorphism in upstream region of -238TNF-α and -308 by ARMS PCR technique in asthmatic and control group. It was a prospective study constituting 17 clinical...
Oce Astuti1, La Sara2*, Muzuni3 and Safilu4
...counted its number, and analyzed its spatial and temporal CC and SR. The Chi-square test (α = 0.05) was used to test significant differences of expected 1: 1 SR. It was 12 DC species had been identified which BSCs were found at the entire stations and all years round. It had high CC at each station ranging 21.561–79.176% which was found the highest at station A, while CC in each month ranging 43.023–71.898% which was mostly found in March and...
Lin Huang1, Ling Mai2, Keyan Zhong1 and Xinjun Chen3*
...ristics of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei fatty acid-binding protein (SeFABP) and obtain its recombinant protein, the basic physio-biochemistry characteristics, signal peptides, antigen epitopes, transmembrane domains, secondary and tertiary structures, multi sequence alignment and molecular evolutionary tree of SeFABP were predicted and a
Yao Zou, Shien Ren, Miao Xu, Nannan Liang, Xuxin Zhang, Chongxuan Han and Xiaoning Nan
... the subfamily Myospalacinae. Extant zokors include two major genera, Eospalax and Myospalax, which can be distinguished by skull shape. However, due to few available studies on skull morphology of zokors, the interspecific differentiation of their skulls is still unclear. To differentiate among species and to describe the sexual dimorphism within each species, we measured morphological variation using one-way analysis of va...
Yongjie Xue1, Jinling Yan1, Huifeng Zhao1*, Haijing Zheng2 and Changhai Ma1
...for human survival. International trade not only affects the production, but also the consumption, of animal products in the domestic market. The question of whether domestic animal husbandry can develop independently in an open country is an interesting one. Through an empirical study of China’s beef cattle industry, this paper answers a common question in academia, political circle...
Najeeb Ullah1*, Adnan Ihsan1, Syed Fahad Shah1, Kamran Sohail1, Muhammad Sohail Khan1 and Said Hussain Shah2
Lanjie Li1, Jingjing Zhang2, Ruiyan Zhang2, Ning Zhang2, Zixiang Wei2, Guiqin Liu1,*, Riaz Hussain Pasha3, Muhammad Akram Khan4 and Saif-Ur-Rehman5
...mportant source of medicinal material in China. Both the hide and meat of donkeys have a variety of physiological activities such as the hide is sufficiently employed for making Ejiao (Colla Corii Asini). The physiological efficacy value of donkey meat is not maximized due to lack of advanced extracting methodologies. In this study, an innovative extracting technology was established for the extraction of antioxidant oligope...
Syed Makhdoom Hussain1,*, Hina Gohar1, Muhammad Asrar1, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad2, Azhar Rasul1, Majid Hussain3, Muhammad Zubair ul Hassan Arsalan1, Nisar Ahmad4 and Aqsa Sharif1
... of minerals, proximate analysis and hematology were determined using standard methods and formulae. Highest minerals absorption (Ca, Na, K, Fe, Cu, P, Mg and Al) was observed in the fish fed at 400mg/kg of polyphenols in canola meal based diets. Similarly, best hematological parameters (RBCs, WBCs, PLT, Hb, PCV, MCHC, MCH and MCV) as well as proximate composition (crude protein, crude fat, ash, moisture and carbohydrates) were noted in fish group fed on 400mg...
Furqan Awan1,2, Sadia Nawaz3, Muhammad Muddassir Ali3,*, Asia Iqbal4, Raheela Akhtar5, Sehrish Firyal3, Haleema Sadia6, Arshad Javid4, Muhammad Rashid7, Muhammad Sulman Ali Taseer8 and Zhenling Zeng1
...isease spread. A questionnaire-based study was conducted to identify the conditions and circumstances of CTVT affected dogs that presented to veterinary practices over a 12-month period. The practices were convenience-sampled on the basis of voluntary participation. Forty practices were approached, and veterinarians from 24 practices agreed to participate. Data were provided on 96 origi
Murat Kulekçi1, Ecevit Eyduran2, Ayaz Yusuf Altın2 and Mohammad Masood Tariq3*
... this purpose, a questionnaire form including several questions i.e. honey yield per beehive of enterprise, age of enterprise, educational level of enterprise, migratory status of enterprise (yes and no), other working area except for beekeeping (yes and no), number of full beehives and bee race (Caucasian and others), were elaborated. In MARS algorithm, no over-fitting problem was observed under a set of expla
Juliet N. Ozioko1, Obinna V. Ayogu2, Benjamin O. Ezema1, Dilibe C. Uramah3 and Kingsley O. Omeje*,1
...nzymes aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase showed no significant changes in their serum activity. Similarly, superoxide dismutase and catalase showed no significant increase after the period of study....
Nisar Ahmad1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2,*, Azhar Rasul2, M. Mudassar Shahzad3, Arshad Javid4, Hamda Azmat5, M. Zubair ul Hassan Arsalan2, Sadia Tabassum2 and Bilal Ahmad2
...imate the efficacy of Se nanoparticles on mineral absorption and carcass composition of C. mrigala fingerlings fed nano-Se particles supplemented sunflower meal based diets. The experiment was consisted on seven test diets on the basis of supplementation of nano Se graded levels (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 mg/kg). Chromic oxide was added as an inert marker. Fingerlings were fed at the ra...
Muhammad Qasim Mazari1, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro1,*, Hasina Baloch1, Muhammad Saleem Kalhoro2, Shahid Hussain Abro1, Rehana Buriro1, Asmatullah Kaka1, Fahmida Parveen1, Mazhar Hussain Mangi3, Ghulam Murtaza Lochi1, Abdul Ahad Soomro4, Ali Gul Soomro1, Abdul Ghaffar Abbasi1 and Sarfraz Hussain Depar1
...TB Ab test, culture examination and ELISA test. Risk factors such as sex, age, health status, lactating, non-lactating and breed were also investigated. In district Mirpurkhas prevalence was 4%, 15%, 2%, 1%, while in district Badin it was 5%, 18%, 3%, 2% through SITT, Rapid BTB Ab test, culture examination and ELISA test, respectively. Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in Mirpurkhas district via cultural exami
Fujun Miao1, Chunlan Shan2, Wei Yang3, Hao Wang3, Shuxiang Geng1 and Delu Ning1*
...s widely used in traditional medicine as a dietary supplement for some patients. In this study, the protective effects of walnut oil isolated from Juglans sigllata on livers of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) mice were studied. The results showed that serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the ethanol + walnut oil (ETH + WO) and ETH + silymarin positive group (PC) groups significantly decreased, and the lesions of ethanol-in...
Shuangye Wang1,2, Yunlin Zhao1,2, Zhenggang Xu2,3,*, Junzhi Chen3, Guiyan Yang3, Song Wang2 and Kangkang Jiang2
...ion at Dongting Lake, China, we estimated home range size using the 95% minimum convex polygon method. A maximum flooded time index was calculated and the overlay analysis with seasonal home range data was employed. The results showed: (1) in seasons, the home range size of winter was the largest while it was the smallest in summer. It was also found that home range of dry and wet periods ...
Dyah Roeswitawati1*, Iva Kristova1, Muhidin Muhidin1, Otto Endarto2, Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum3,4, Irum Iqrar5,6 and Luqman Ali Shah7
...ype and concentration of natural pesticides soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaves, papaya (Carica papaya L.) leaves, chrysanth(Chrysanthemum morefolium Ramat.) leaves on the persistence of red mites. This research was conducted at the Research Institute for Citrus and Tropical Fruit Plants in Batu City, East Java, Indonesia from July to September 2017. The study was a factorial experiment, the 1st
Damat Damat1*, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Juris Burlakovs3, Zane Vincēviča-Gaile4,
Devi Dwi Siskawardani1, Rista Anggriani1 and Anas Tain5
...; line-height: normal;">Analog rice is a processed rice product produced from non-rice with slightly more carbohydrates than natural rice. Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L) canbe used as raw material in analog rice, with red seaweed (Gracilaria spp.) are added to increase the fiber content. A disadvantage of ana
Nour El-Hoda Khayrat Hammad1*, Yousef Y. El-Seady3, Azza E. Hassan1, Sara T. Elazab2, Magdy S. Amer2
...erations induced by fluconazole (FCZ) in cocks. Thirty White Leghorn cocks were used and divided into three groups (ten in each). The 1st group was served as control, the 2nd group received FCZ (5 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day for 7 days) in drinking water, while the 3rd group received FCZ in drinking water for a week, then given LIN oil (60 ml/kg basal diet) for two weeks. FCZ administrated cocks showed elevation in abnormal sperm % and significant decrease in s...
Safdar Ali1*, Muhammad Amir Hanif1, Muhammad Umar1, Amir Manzoor1, Obaidullah Shafique1, Bashir Ahmad Khan2 and Ijaz Ahmed3
Sajad Ali Solangi1, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano1*, Rehana Naz Syed1, Sohail Ahmed Otho2, Khadim Hussain Wagan1, Agha Mushtaque Ahmed2, Fahad Nazir Khoso2, Aftab Raza Jarwar3 and Suman Tarique Qazi1
... transplantation. Additionally, relationship among the disease and vector insect was determined. The minimum incidence of the disease was recorded in variety Advanta-1211 (13.85%) and Lima (18.85%) followed by T-1359 (23.30%), Early king (25.51%), TO-1057 (27.21 %), Advanta-1225 (29.41%). Minimum 1-rating score was recorded in Advanta-1211, Lima and T-1359 varieties. Significantly minimum number of whiteflies was recorded in variety Lima (2.3 whiteflies), Adva...
Evaluation of Temporal and Differential Fertilizer Application on Growth, Yield and Quality of Wheat
Raheela Naz1*, Muhammad Aftab1, Ghulam Sarwar2, Ana Aslam1, Qudsia Nazir1, Asifa Naz3, Abid Niaz4, Farah Rasheed1, Amina Kalsom1, Nisa Mukhtar1, Sadia Sultana1, Ifra Saleem1, Arfan ul Haq1, Muhammad Arif1, Aamer Sattar1, Sarfraz Hussain5 and Muhammad Adnan Rafique6
...ards. Wheat grains were analyzed for mineral contents. The results revealed that maximum grain yield was obtained from treatment T6 (Half N at sowing time + spray of 2% N after 30 & 45 DAS + half K at sowing time + spray of 2% K after 30 & 45 DAS) as compared to other treatments. Furthermore, the chemical analysis showed the maximum quantity of N, P and K in wheat grains obtained from T6. This study concluded that sp...
Alexander Tsybulsky1*, Tatyana Tabakaeva1, Anna Klimovich2, Michail Shchelkanov1, Eduard Kostetsky1, Maksim Aliev1, Anton Degtyarenko3
...ong with haematological analysis, include the replicative and expressive activity of FeLV evaluation in the infected organism cells, innate immune factors for antivirals evaluation, interferon system (IFN) in particular, molecular guard factors for cell genome integrity evaluation (p53, etc.). Methods. In domestic cats with a previously established diagnosis of «FeLV-infection and chronic leukaemia» (n = 10) and ...
Lungile Gumede1,2, Thobela L. Tyasi1, Teedzai Chitura1*, Khanyisile R. Mbatha3
...edi goats following vaccination with blanthrax vaccine. Twelve clinically healthy BaPedi goats with an average body weight of 19 ± 1.47 kg and an average age of 11±0.26 months were randomly selected from the flock at the University of Limpopo experimental farm. The experiment was conducted in three phases which are adaption, vaccination and moringa inclusion over 42 days. At the end of the first week of the tri...
Noura El-Shahat Attia1*, Abd El-Khalek Ramadan El-Sheikh1, Mohamed Omia Siam2
...ical and laboratory examinations followed by special dermatological examination. Skin scrapings were examined under light microscope for the detection of fungal spores or mites. Blood samples were taken for hematological analysis, along with taking serum samples for biochemical analysis. Rectal temperature, heart, and respiration rates were not significa...
Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Sumayya Amin1, Muhammad Salim1*, Taufiq Nawaz2 and Farida Anjum3
...ify;">Pesticide residue analysis experiment of three different pesticides used against Helicoverpa armigera was conducted in tomato crop during 2019. The experiment was carried out in (RCBD) Randomized Complete Block Design. There were four treatments i.e., Cypermethrin, Imidacloprid, Lamda cyhalothirn and control. Each treatment was replicated three times. Lowest mean percent fruits infestation (2.84%), highest yield per treatment (9.56 kg) per plot, highest ...
Chukwudi Njoku1*, Inyang Etim-Inyang2, Prince-Charles Itu1 and Arinze Uzoezie1
...g, interpolation, slope analyses, single and multiple Structured Query Languages (SQL). The analyses divulged 23 river sites that are suitable for setting up Tilapia cage culture in the State, all covering a total of 18.44 square kilometers (4.49 percent) of the water bodies in the area. The result is an essential decision-making tool for individuals and organizations in agro-business, fishermen and especially. It can also b...
Dabeeran Zehra1, Zahida Memon1, Shumaila Usman2,*, Almas Jabeen3, Kauser Ismail1 and Rehan Ahmed Siddiqui2
...y;">Sorafenib, a multi kinase inhibitor, is the only FDA approved drug designed to target advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, unbearable side effects, insufficient efficacy and resistance mechanisms against this drug, generates necessity to develop novel therapeutic strategies and drugs. Recently macrolides have drawn attention of researchers in the treatment of cancer owing to their proposed chemotherapeutic role, based on the concept of repurpo...
Neda Amani1, Mehrdad Shariati1, Rahim Ahmadi2,3*, Mokhtar Mokhtari1 and Saeed Khatamsaz1
...effects of testosterone enanthate on expression level of iNOS, MMP9 and caspase-3, -8 and -9 in human colon (HCT) and gastric (AGS) cancer cells. Cell lines were divided into untreated (control) group and groups exposed to 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/ml of testosterone enanthate. The cytotoxic effect of testosterone enanthate was measured using MTT assay method. iNOS, MMP9, caspase-3, -8...
Arif Mehmood*, Muhammad Naeem and Ata-ul-Mohsin
... and June-November. Seasonal distribution pattern is an asset in controlling any epidemic occurred due to mosquito vector. This pattern informs about the active period, favorable temperature and humidity ranges of the mosquitoes, hence the clues for controlling....
Saba Iqbal, Asmat Ullah*, Muhammad Luqman, Hafiz Muhammad Akram, Muhammad Kashif Munir and Nawal Zafar
...y in the context of seasonal variability and climate change. Hence it is crucial to explore useful techniques in crop production that utilize less water without compromising yield, sacrificing income of the farming community and evidencing sustainability in production systems. Thus, a two years field study (during 2017-18 and 2018-19) was conducted at research area of Agronomic Research Station Khanewal, Punjab, Pakistan to ...
Saima Parveen1, Altaf Mahmood2*, Ayesha Azad3, Sajid Umar4, Nosheen Shoukat6, Mirza Muhammad Arsalan Azam5, Qurat-Ul-Ain5 and Nausheen Akhtar Malik1
...cted for collection and analysis of disease data. Five years’ data of these randomly selected farms revealed highest (44.64%) crude morbidity during monsoon season followed by 23.92%, 22.12% and 17.49% for winter, spring and post-monsoon seasons respectively. The highest (14.90%) prevalence was recorded for new castle disease followed by infectious bursal disease (11.79%), pullorum disease (11.17%), colibacillosis (8.71%), infectious bronchitis (7.87%), ...
Javed Khan1, Abdul Majid1, Mohammad Nisar2*, Ali Hazrat2, Nausheen Nazir3, Muhammad Zahoor3, Mohammad Ihsan2, Azhar Hussain Shah1, Muhamad Ajmal Khan4 and Muhammad Yahya1
...nus nitida is one of the native and most important plants in District Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, mostly used for medicinal purposes. In the present study, total 50 genotypes of Alnus nitida were collected from Dir lower and evaluated for morphological traits (leaf, petiole, nut, and catkin size). A significant level of variations was observed in the size of the leaf (10.22%), petiole (24.84%), catkin (9.19%), a...
Noor Muhammad* and Shah Alam Khan
...stify;">Canola (Brassica napus L.) is one of the economically important crops of Pakistan and mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a serious threat to this crop. This experiment was conducted with an aim to screen out selected canola cultivars for their tolerance against L. erysimi infestation under glass-house conditions. Experiment was carried out using completely randomized design with ten replications for each treatment during g...
Aasma Younas*, Ijaz Iqbal and Atif Akbar
...le; 5 and different combinations of n and p. All possible shifts will help the planners to enhance their choice....
Jing Fu
...immunohistochemical examination, the co-expression of SATB2 and CK20 could improve the specificity of mucinous ovarian tumors. In addition, SATB2/CK20 co-expression is related to recurrence, pathological type, tissue differentiation, prognostic outcome, disease course and clinical stage....
Hung Van Mai1, Tuan Duc Nguyen2, Nang Thu Tran Thi3 and Hung Phuc Nguyen4*
...er lipid content, intestinal total BA concentration, intestinal lipase activity, and lipid ADC were significantly higher in the FSBM1D and FSBM3D groups than the SBMD group (P < 0.05). These parameters tended to increase in the FSBM2D group as compared to the SBMD group, although the differences were not significant. All the FSBM dietary groups had significantly lower tissue lipid contents, gallbladder and intesti
Zhang Dong-jie1, He Xin-miao1,2, Wang Wen-tao1,2 and Liu Di1,2*
... pig is indigenous to China. The genetic background of this breed was previously unclear, limiting the utility of the Min pig. In this study, the whole genomes of ten Min pigs and four Northeast wild boars were sequenced and the analysis yielded 8,988,338 non-redundant SNPs plus 1,231,680 InDels. A phylogenetic tree was constructed and a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed bas...
Maid Zaman1*, Imtiaz Ali Khan1, Amjad Usman1 and Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi2
...ers for the successful management of the pests in the studied area....
Muhammad Niamatullah1, Abdur Rehman1* and Raheel Saqib2
...igned structured questionnaire using simple random sampling procedure. Regression analysis as a statistical method was used to assess the impact of tube well irrigation on agriculture production, household annual income, poverty line, kinds of land, sources of irrigation and inputs used on land. The significant (P<0.05) impact of household annual income of farmers was observed on agriculture production. The significant (P...
Wafaa M.A. Ghoneem, Reham R. El-Tanany and Adel E.M. Mahmoud*
...parison to sodium bicarbonate as a rumen buffer on the growth performance of lambs and nitrogen utilization. Thirty growing Barki lambs (live body weight 34±0.1kg, age: 6 months); divided into three groups (10 in each). Animal groups were randomly divided as follows: G1 (control group): lambs fed clover hay, concentrate feed mixture (CFM) plus sodium bicarbonate (1% of dry matter (DM)), while lambs in G2 and G3 groups...
Neelam Saba and Saba Irshad*
... cataract was the predominating factor (88.5%). A significant correlation was observed between etiology and laterality (p=.023) of congenital cataract. Among 97 bilateral cases 67.01 % parents were cousins (p=.008). Most commonly observed anomalies associated with congenital cataract were leukocoria and strabismus, later showing 73.33% association with unilateral cataract. Study revealed that consanguineous marriages are a risk factor for bilateral congenital ...
Hadia Gul1, Abdul Haleem Shah1, Ricardo Harripaul2, Anna Mikhailov2, Ejaz Ullah Khan3, Wasim Shah3, Nisar Ahmad3, John B Vincent2,4 and Muzammil Ahmad Khan3*
... from Pakistan. Genetic analysis was performed through microarray genotyping and homozygosity-by-descent (HBD) mapping, whole exome sequencing (for mutation identification) and Sanger sequencing (for variant segregation). Homozygosity analysis revealed a 1.2 Mb HBD region on chromosome 15 between markers rs4778147 to rs8036234 (chr15:27752745-28962131bp), which harbors the previously reported OCA2 gene. The subsequent whole ...
Amtul Jamil Sami*, Sehrish Bilal and Syeda Anum Zahra
...licon was sequenced and analyzed for homology with the help of BLAST search. Surprisingly, along with various point mutations in this region, we found that a considerable base sequence upstream exon 1 was similar to Bos mutus (yakQH1 chromosome 19) and did not align with reported Bubalus bubalis GH sequence. Only 49% of the sequenced product aligns with Bubalus Bubalis though 90% of the sequence aligns with Bos mutus and Bos indicus GH gene. A 46 bp inverted r...
Anjum Ara1, Usman Ali1, Muhammad Furqan2*, Zulfiqar Ali2,
Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad3, Khawaja Basharat Ahmed4,
Riaz Aziz Minhas4, Waqar Ahmed2, Zakir Hussain2 and Mian Aman Ullah2
...ion, density and questionnaire method applied to assess threats. Analysis of data revealed that four freshwater turtle species including Indian flapshell turtle (Lissemys punctate), Indian narrow headed softshell turtle (Chitra indica) Indian softshell turtle (Nilssonia gangetica) and Crowned river turtle (Hardella thurjii) were identified and distributed in all study zones. Lissemys punct...
Mukhlisi Mukhlisi1,*, Tri Sayektiningsih2 and Ishak Yassir1
...y forests, were most dominant. Nevertheless, the karst forests of Teluk Sumbang were also essential habitat for threatened and protected bird species....
Saydat Saad1, Doaa Abdel-Fattah1, Tarek Khamis2, Aya El-Sobky1*
...iameter of less than 100 nanometers. Nanomaterials may undergo novel chemical and physical changes as a result of their size, indicating increased reactivity and solubility. Nanotechnology has a huge potential to make a major change in the agriculture and livestock sector. It can introduce new tools for molecular and cellular biology, biotechnology, veterinary physiology, animal genetics, and reproduction. Nano-propolis is b...
Zein Ahmad Baihaqi1,2, Irkham Widiyono3*, Bambang Suwignyo4, Amado A. Angeles5
... the gas produced by ruminants is a big factor in the effects of global warming. Alternative the decrease in methane production from ruminants is by utilizing secondary metabolite compounds in plants. These studies are interesting to be continued and explored in an effort to reduce methane production through in vitro and in vivo, because it is proven that there are many types of biological...
Sozan A.A. Ismaeil1*, Hassan Emam2
...l and histochemical examination of the liver. Pigeons were collected from the squab breeder while Ibis were collected from streets at Shariq province. The morphological findings showed that the liver of two species of birds is located in a hepato-peritoneal cavity, and each is composed of two undivided lobes, a large right lobe and a small left one which have light brown to dark red in pigeon and dark red in ibis. The histological structure of the organ in bot...
Riaz Shah1*, Shaikha Hilal Al Ismaili2, Sheikha S. Al-Siaby1, Amal Mohammed Al Nasiri2, Thuraiya Hafidh Al Maskari2, Jamal AlSabahi3 and Huda Al-Ruqaishi3
...ried organic or conventionally grown basil available in Oman. The essential oils from Omani and Indian fresh conventionally grown basil, fresh organic Belgian basil, dried organic Egyptian basil and dried conventionally grown UAE basil were extracted using advanced microwave extraction system. The essential oils chemical composition was determined using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrum (GC...
Muhammad Faisal Riaz1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1*, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1 and Talha Nazir2
...Evenness (J’), Dominance (D) and Sampson’s diversity indices. Results revealed a total of 19 aphid species belonging to 12 genera from district Sargodha. Brevicoryne brassicae was recorded as the most abundant species with 8,470 (16.6%) specimens, followed by Myzus persicae with 6,655 (13%) and Aphis gossypii with 5,348 (10.5%) specimens. While, Sitobion rosaeformis with 276 (0.5%) and Aphis nerii with 210 (0.4%) specimens were recorded as the leas...
Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Ahmed1, Aziz Ullah2, Muhammad Asim Bhutta3*, Amna Bibi3, Hafeez-ur-Rehman4 and Umar Farooq4
...ased on mean values reasonable variations were noticed in evaluated genotypes for studied attributes. Results from radar analysis, performance designated that the root related attributes were the most sensitive and important attribute followed by shoot related attributes. Chakwal-50 wheat variety had highest dry root weight (1.256g), dry shoot weight (0.41g) and fresh shoot weight (2.83g),...
Hussain Ali1, Shahid Sattar Khan1, Fazal Maula2, Said Hussain Shah3* and Misbah Uddin1
...is pivotal to find out management strategies for this pest for higher production of rice. Research experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of different rice varieties and synthetic insecticides on the population density of rice stem borer. Experiments were conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) repeated three times. The results revealed that the minimum population density of dead hearts (3.50%) and white heads (7.08%) were recorded i...
Muhammad Tariq Mahmood1*, Muhammad Akhtar2, Kaiser Latif Cheema2, Abdul Ghaffar3, Imtiaz Ali4, Muhammad Jahanzaib Khalid2 and Zeshan Ali5
...etic variation occurring naturally in germplasm is highly valuable resource of alleles that can be deployed for genetic improvement of a species. Screening of available genetic stock for detection of most diverse and high yielding genotypes is a pre requisite for a successful crop breeding program. For this purpose, a research experiment comprising of sixty-eight elite chickpea germplasm genotypes along with two commercial varieties were sown under tri-replica...
Shoaib Hameed1, Shakeel Ahmad1, Jaffar Ud Din2 and Muhammad Ali Nawaz3*
...urvey techniques questionnaire surveys, sign surveys and camera trapping were used during the period 2008–2010 in five study blocks delineated on natural watersheds in Pakistan’s Chitral district. Based on questionnaire surveys, sign surveys and direct sighting, Himalayan brown bear presence was confirmed only in the Yarkhun and Laspur valleys. Ninety-six respondents (59 from L...
Lethal and Sub Lethal Effects of Plant Extracts and Green Silver Nanoparticles against Culex pipiens
Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Tariq1*, Asim Gulzar1, Tariq Mukhtar2 and Tayyaba Zainab3
...al control has disrupted natural biological control system, resulted in the development of resistance, interfered with natural food chains and had undesirable effects on the environment, non-target organisms and human health. Biopesticides such as plant extracts and green synthesized nanoproducts have received much attention as potentially useful bioactive compounds against mosquitoes. In ...
Muhammad Mohsin1, Zhang Luyao2*, Zhu Ting3, Yin Hengbin3 and Qian Chong3
...text-align: justify;">China is the biggest fish producing country in the world. Its marine waters are frequently declared as over-harvested. Therefore, accessing the exploitation status of commercial fishery resources becomes very important for their proper management. This study uses catch statistics, 2007-2018, of a vital fishery resource, viz., Ammodytes personatus (Girard, 1856) to kno...
Amir Z. Allam, Hayam A. Mansour, Nermeen M.L. Malak, Heba H.S. Abdel-Naeem*
...becoming more popular as natural preservatives alternatives to synthetic ones due to their powerful antibacterial action and increasing consumer concerns about synthetic preservatives. However, applications of EOs in food have been hampered by their pungent odor, which has a negative impact on customer acceptance. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of using low concentration (0.002%) of thyme (T), ...
Dalia Khatun1, Md. Yeamin Hossain1,2*, Md. Firose Hossain3, Zannatul Mawa1, Md. Ataur Rahman1, Md. Rabiul Hasan1, Md. Akhtarul Islam1, Md. Ashekur Rahman1, Habib Ul Hassan4 and Sadicun Nahar Sikha1
...arameters of Corica soborna including sex ratio (SR), length-frequency distributions (LFDs), length-weight relationships (LWRs), length-length relationships (LLRs), condition factors (allometric, KA, Fulton’s, KF, relative, KR, and relative weight, WR), form factor (a3.0), size at fist sexual maturity (Lm) and natural mortality (MW) using multi-model indices from the Ganges River of northwestern Bangladesh. For each in...
Lifang Zhang, Xiuyue Zhang and Bisong Yue*
...ext-align: justify;">We analyzed the genetic diversity on Periplaneta americana of 12 populations consisting of 360 individuals with 16 high polymorphic markers. The results showed that the number of alleles per locus ranged from 16 to 32, with an average value 24.5. The observed heterozygosity value (HObs) varied from 0.481 to 0.906 and the mean HObs was 0.698; the expected heterozygosity value (HExp) varied from 0.625 to 0...
Muhammad Tahir Jan1, Sarfraz Ali Shad2, Mushtaq Ahmad Saleem3 and Muhammad Binyameen2,*
...were just below the terminal portion on such structures as the leaves, terminal buds and NE leaves. The current study regarding the site selection for oviposition provides information that can be used to develop guidelines for E. vittella management in cotton production. ...
Bikash Puri1, Anil K. Tiwary2, Bharata Regmi3,4, Dinesh K. Singh1, Doj R. Khanal5 and Manoj K. Shah3*
...sk factors from the international border areas of Nepal. A total of 220 blood samples were collected randomly from apparently healthy ruminants (cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat) and screened for Bluetongue virus (BTV) antibodies in sera using a cELISA kit. Out of 220 sera samples, 92 were positive for BTV, accounting for 41.8% prevalence in ruminants. Se...
Shumaila Nazir1, Iqbal Javed1, Muhammad Luqman2* and Azra3
...the macroeconomic determinants of Mandarin (Kinnow) export from Pakistan. In this study, the dynamic panel data of 29 importing countries for the period of 2005 to 2018 was estimated by GMM (Generalized Method of Moment) model. The variables of total exports of Kinnow, domestic prices, population of importing countries, domestic exchange rate, exchange rate of importing countries, domestic production, and distance between tr...
Hams M.A. Mohamed1, Mona A. El-Zamkan2*
...farmers and markets at Qena city, Egypt, were examined for the presence of Streptococcus species. The preliminary identification was confirmed by using VITEK®2 system which revealed the presence of four isolates of S. thoraltensis. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the obtained isolates was detected phenotypically and genotypically, in addition to the ability of these isolates to produce biofilm and protease enzyme. Al...
Mohammed H. Galhoum1, Hamza M. Eed2, Essam S. Soliman1*
...ts are exposed to contamination by numerous pathogens concerning Salmonella species. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella contributing contamination in chicken samples that were collected from broiler farms and slaughterhouses using conventional culturing, biochemical, and serological identifications versus molecular detection. A prospective study was designe...
Syed Haseeb Ahmed Shah, Irfan Shahzad Sheikh, Abdul Samad, Muhammad Kamran Taj, Mohammad Masood Tariq*, Majed Rafeeq, Sumaira Fazal, Niamatullah Kakar, Sabeera Afzal and Asadullah
...ented solely and in combinations with different concentration. Chicks were reared in floor pens bedded with saw dust litter, optimal husbandry conditions for broiler rearing were provided to the birds and vaccinations against Newcastle disease and Infectious bursal disease (IBD) were done at 9th, 19th and 11th, 23rd day, respectively. The results of current study revealed that there was non-significant difference (P>0.05)...
Nafisa Shoaib* and Aisha Majid Ali
... of pesticides in the Perna viridis have been evaluated by the induction of micronuclei (MN). The aim of the present study was to assess the MN frequency in the haemolymph of green mussel (Perna viridis) after exposure to different concentrations of organophosphate pesticides (chlorpyrifos, malathion), synthetic pyrethroid pesticide (cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin) and herbicide (buctril). Haemocytes of bivalve play an imp...
G. Basana Gowda*, N.B. Patil, M. Sahu, S.R. Prabhukarthikeyan, S. Raghu, G.P. Pandi, T. Adak, C.K. Swain, S. Pokhare, S.D. Mohapatra and P.C. Rath
... strains within the National Centre for Biotechnological information (NCBI), Genbank. Among different bacteria strains, two, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus were reported from resistant populations. Other species belonged to Staphylococcus sp., Enterobacter sp., Lysinibacillus fusiformis, Klebsiella pneumonia (all four from resistant populations) and Achromobacter sp (from a susceptible population). Present study provides a basis for elucida...
Mirza Lena1,2, Dinda Fathia Syahramadani2, Alfi Nurrachma Gustya2, Arif Darmawan2,3, Sumiati2, Wiwin Winarsih4, Minoru Maeda5, Komang Gede Wiryawan2*
...crobial resistance. Alternative feed additives should be developed to replace the use of AGP in poultry production. Hence, the study aimed to evaluate the effects of combined dietary probiotics L. lactis D1813 and B. licheniformis D3270 on broiler performance, energy utilization, intestinal morphology, and microbial population. A total of 600 one-d-old Lohmann broiler chicks of 300 males and 300 females were used and reared ...
Gülseren Kırbas Dogan1,*, Emin Karakurt2, Mushap Kuru3 and Hilmi Nuhoglu2
...ing to pathological and anatomical investigations. Six calves were delivered to the Department of Pathology at the Kafkas University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine between 2017 and 2019. These calves comprised one with anencephaly, one with diencephalic syndrome, one with schistosoma reflexum, two with anasarca, and one with nasal and calvarium openings....
Hafiz Adnan Ahmad1,2*, Muhammad Aslam2, Salman Gul2, Tariq Mehmood2 and Munawar Ali Munawar2
...of 1,2,5-oxadiazole-sulfonamide hybrids (4a-4j) in search of more potent anti-inflammatory agents. Title compounds were synthesized by chlorosulfonation of 3,4-diphenyl-1,2,5-oxadiazole (3) followed by condensation with amines and all derivatives were obtained in moderate to good yield. All synthesized hybrids were characterized with spectroscopic techniques and further evaluated for anti-inflammatory potential. The synthesi...
Ndumiso Malusi1, Andrew Bamidele Falowo2, Yiseyon Sunday Hosu3,4, Emrobowansan Monday Idamokoro3,4*
...d the prospect and sustainability of cattle production among rural farmers who happen to be a major player in cattle production in South Africa. Such prevalent factors that have been identified to decline cattle productivity include poor animal breeding, lack of available feed resources, marketing constraints and animal health challenges among others. These limiting constraints have in turn negatively affected the potential of communa<...
Muhammad Tariq1, Imtiaz Rabbani2, Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf2, Imdad Ullah Khan1*, Hafsa Zaneb2, Sajid Iqbal3, Alam Zeb Khan1, Shakirullah1, Muhammad Shuaib Khan1, Atta Ur Rehman1 and Mumtaz Ali Khan2
...resses, which are predominant at dilution, cooling, equilibration, freezing and thawing stages. They damage functional and morphological characteristics of sperms. Beside these exogenous stresses there is an oxidative stress which damages the spermatozoa endogenously. These stresses can be controlled with the inclusion of antioxidants in semen extender at the time of cryopreservation. In the current study, semen from four (n...
Mian Abdul Hafeez1*, Adeel Sattar2, Faiza Aslam3, Muhammad Imran3, Kamran Ashraf1, Rashid Zia2 and M. Muntazir Mehdi1
...pidol) alone and in combination against coccidiosis in broiler birds. Chicks were randomly allocated to five treatment groups of 25 broilers in each pen on 5th day of age. Birds in groups A, B, C and D were challenged by 60,000-70,000 sporulated oocysts of mixed species local isolates at 21st day of age. Groups A and B were medicated with Ibuprofen (100mg/kg body weight) orally and Ibuprofen (100mg/kg B.W) orally plus Clopidol (0.5g/kg) of feed respectively, p...
A.H. Alqhtani1, A.S. Alharthi1, N.J. Siddiqi2, S. Zargar2 and A.M. Abudabos1*
...s viz., lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased after feeding on growth promoters. However, total serum protein, gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) showed no significant differences between the groups. Thus, it can be concluded that probiotic, prebiotic and symbiotic in feed may cause some degree of liver damage as indicated by the release of AST and ALT in the seru...
Mensah Gertrude Dzifa1, Christian Larbi Ayisi2,* and Elliot Haruna Alhassan1
...50%. The diets were designated as SNM0, SNM 25 and SNM 50 to reflect the inclusion level of shea meal. Two hundred fry of O. niloticus (initial weight of 0.82g) were obtained from Water Research Institute of Ghana (WA center) and transported to the Spanish Laboratory of University for Development Studies where they were acclimatized for two weeks. The fry were then stocked in 60 litre bowls (50 cm X 40 cm X 40 cm) at a densi...
Sana Khalid1,2*, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman2,3, Usman Hameed2,4, Shabnum Shaheen1, Muhammad Naveed Shahid5, Khajista Jabeen1, Farah Khan1, Muhammad Saleem Haider1
...ptomatic tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana Domin.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants and these were liberated to healthy plants for transmission of viruses. It was evident from the results that the whiteflies were incapable to acquire and transmit chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV)-a mastrevirus and mastrebegomo chimeric virus (MCV) from the symptomatic tobacco and tomato plants to healthy plants. Whiteflies also ...
Ramy S. Yehia1,3, Essam A. Shaalan2* and Hashem M. Al-Sheikh1
...icularly Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, and botanical oils have shown potential as synthetic insecticides alternative for house fly control. In the present work, local isolates from both fungi as well as their mixtures with essential oils were evaluated against house fly larvae under laboratory conditions. Batches of house fly larvae (25 individuals per replicate and 4 replicates per dose of fungi) were subje...
Doaa Sh. Mohamed1, Nema S. Shaban2 , Mai M. Labib3, Olfat Shehata4
... of a wide range of malignancies. Many studies have shown that natural compounds derived from plants have medicinal and antioxidant properties. The purpose of the current investigation was to investigate if almond oil could protect male mice against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. The experimental mice were divided into three groups; control group: received 0.9 percent saline, doxorubi...
Maskur Maskur1*, Muhammad Muhsinin1, Lestari, Tapaul Rozi1, Asnawi2
...orded and statistically analyzed, whereas genetic parameters of microsatellite loci were calculated using PopGene32. In this study, the mean PIC of the 4 microsatellite loci in all populations was 0.472, whereas AY287 was the most polymorphic locus with a PIC value of 0.735 and APL579 was a monomorphic locus with a PIC value of 0 (zero). The mean value of observed heterozygosity (Ho) is lower than expected (He), with the values 0.393 and 0.472 (Khaki Campbell)...
Kanakuntla Sandhyarani*, Dhoppalapudi Madhuri, Yadala Ravikumar
...fectious agents, nutritional factors and managemental prcatices. Infectious agents include Nephropathic Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV), Avian Nephritis Virus (ANV), Chicken Astrovirus (CAstV) and nutritional factors like high dietary calcium (>2%), high crude protein (> 30%), Hypovitaminosis A, Hypervitaminosis D3, dehydration, high sodium carbona
Nargis Sardar1*, Maria Binte Sarfraz2, Sufian Rasheed3 , AKM Rezwan Sardar4 , Fahamida Zaman5, Arsalan Rasheed6,7*
...technique for its determination. This review focuses on the Vitamin D investigations of electrochemical biosensors that have been conducted in recent years. According to the research, the practical use of electrochemical biosensors is attributed to the existence of UV radiation and transactivation of pharmaceutical items, food, or even human blood plasma in the detection of Vitamin D from diverse samples, including Vitamin D production in
Hanan Fathy Hammouda1, Mohammad Mahmoud Farag2*, Mervet M.F. El Deftar3, Mohamed Abdel-Gabbar4, Basant M. Mohamed4
...to evaluate cerium-doped nanobioactive glass/collagen/chitosan composites scaffolds with osteoblast mineralization of normal rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBM-MSCs) and cancer osteosarcoma cells. The non-cellular in vitro bioactivity test was performed in simulated body fluids for periods 1, 3, 10, 20 and 30 d by measuring the calcium and phosphate ion concentrations by SEM/EDX analysis. While, the bioact...
Heba Mohamed Shaheen1, Ali Meawad Ahmed1*, Hosny Abdelltief Abdelrahman1, Rania Helmy Abohatab Abdou2, Aya Salama Mohamed Kamel1
...es are the most conventionally used antibiotics for raising chicken in Egypt. The occurrence of antibiotic residues in broiler chicken is the chief causes of the development of antibiotic resistance in food-borne pathogens. Antibiotic resistance is setting the achievements of present day medication at chance. Therefore, in this study 300 chilled broilers carcasses were collected from different poultry markets in Ismailia City, Egypt to evaluate qualitative, qu...
Naima Din1, Misbah Ashraf1, Muhammad Rizwan2*, Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal4, Hafiz Ghazanfar Abbas2, Farrukh Ilahi2, Amir Hameed5, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub6, Qurban Ali1 and Muhammad Farooq2,3
...anches, area of leaf lamina, hair density on midrib, chlorophyll contents and moisture percentage were also evaluated for the tested varieties. Among the tested varieties, OK Advanta-803 was most resistant to the jassid (13.36/leaf), whereas NS-810 was most susceptible to the A. devastans (23.93/leaf). A. devastans population showed a significant and positive correlation (r = 0.8573*) with area of leaf lamina and moisture pe...
Xuelong Chen1, Honghai Wang2, Wenchao Li1, Weina Guo1 and Yanping Qi1*
...ucted a systematic meta-analysis aimed at exploring BHV-1 prevalence in yaks of the Chinese Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). To complete this analysis, we identified all relevant articles on this topic in both English and Chinese literature databases published through March 20, 2020. Studies were not included in this analysis if they were reviews, repeats of previous studies, included incons...
Imtiaz Ali Shah1*, Maleeha Anwar1, Rafiullah2, Inamullah Wazir1, Muhammad Hasnain Riaz1, Abdur Raziq1, Muhammad Ijaz Ali1, Faizul Hassan1, Khalid Khan3, Yasin Ahmad4, Irshad Ahmad5, Muhammad Ibrahim Rashid5, Muhammad Tariq Zeb1*
... acid, cefotaxime, and kanamycin while isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin and streptomycin. These positive samples were further investigated and confirmed through PCR by targeting serovars specific genes i.e rfbJ, fliC, fljB for S. Typhimurium and ST11, SPV, SefA for S. Enteritidis. The prevalence of Salmonella was found to be 22 (11%), out of which 17 (77.27%) isolates were S. Enteritidis an...
Sharjeel Saif1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1*, Ghulam Mustafa Solangi2, Rehana Burriro3, Hasina Baloch1, Atta Muhammad Memon2
...als. In Pakistan, unfortunately no data is available on the occurrence of mycoplasma mastitis in farm animals. Therefore, current field investigation was conducted first time in centre-west Balochistan to get the preliminary data on mycoplasma mastitis. Milk samples (n = 579) were collected from three districts viz., Jaffar abad, Sohbat pur and Naseer abad from mastitis suspected buffaloes. The samples were collected from th...
Hong Liu and Rui Xu*
...n value of three-dimensional color power angiography (3D-CPA) in detecting fetal renal blood perfusion in pregnant women with gestational hypertension. One-hundred single-fetal pregnant women diagnosed with gestational hypertension in our hospital from June 2017 to December 2019 were...
Muhammad Amin1*, Masarrat Yousuf1 and Naveed Ahmad2
Ali Ghazi Atiyah1*, Nadia Hameed Rija Al-Falahi2 and Ghazi Atiya Zarraq3
...gshell, which consider a natural source of calcium precursor. The β-CPP powder was prepared by a wet precipitation process using calcination temperature 1200 ºC for 2 h, then the scaffold was designed by using cylindrical template under specific compression pressure. Synthesis of β-CPP powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and simu...
Nan Jiang, Tong Liu, Jimin Liu and Guobin Tang*
...tudy was to observe and analyze the effects of inhalation of low-dose budesonide powder combined with pulmonary rehabilitation in the treatment of bronchial asthma, and to explore the mechanism of action. In this study, 180 patients who had been diagnosed and treated for bronchial asthma in our hospital were enrolled as research objects. They were divided into experimental group accepting inhalation of low-dose budesonide po...
Saima Mustafa1, Firdous Bukhari1, Muhammad Nazar Aftab1, Muhammad Asif1, Muhammad Amjad1, Maryam Ijaz1, Muhammad Latif2 and Furhan Iqbal1*
...CDS) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by COL10A1 mutations and is characterized by short stature, waddling gait, coxa vara and bowing of the long bones. A large family from Southern Punjab in Pakistan suffering from MCDS following autosomal dominant mode of inheritance were enrolled in present study. Whole exome sequencing (WES) approach was adopted to identify causative agent of dwarfism that reveled a previously re...
Shakila Mumtaz1, Khalid Javed1, Muhammad Dawood1*, Muhammad Imran2, Asad Ali1 and Nazia Ramzan1
... PCR-RFLP and conformational sequencing were performed to investigate the beta-casein polymorphism. Results of the present study showed that there was not any mutated genotype (A1A1) available in all of the three breeds. All three breeds possess dominant genotype A2A2 with genotypic frequency (0.925, 0.4, 0.64) respectively and we have also found some heterozygous genotypes A1A2 in all breeds with genotypic frequency (0.075,...
Farheen Aslam*, Hira Lodhi, Rasheeda Bashir, Faiza Saleem and Shagufta Naz
...are hydrolyzed by carbapanamase, present in the bacteria, which is a growing clinical threats. bla Ndm gene encodes for new Delhi metallo-beta lactamase, which can hydrolyze all types of beta-lactams. The objective of the study was to screen multiple drug resistant strains of bacteria for New delhi-metallo-beta-lactamase (bla-Ndm1) gene. Blood samples (5ml) of children suffering from different infections, under treatment in a teriary care hospital, were screen...
Semra Okur Gumusova1, Gul Fatma Yarim2, Cuneyt Tamer1,*, Ayris Salt2 and Gokhan Inat3
... IPNV in rainbow trout gonad cell line-2 (RTG-2). For this purpose, IPNV was inoculated in RTG-2. Then, media of IPNV infected cell and media of negative control were collected (n=3) for each incubation time (0, 8, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were measured by the spectrophotometric methods. Data obtained revealed higher MDA levels in IPNV infected cells th...
Qaisra Siddique1*, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique1 and Qingyou Liu3
...ssues (gills, hepatic, renal, brain, muscle and cardiac) of Labeo rohita was determined. Fish was exposed for 60-day and sampling was done after 7-day. Results showed that the GST activity was considerably increased in L. rohita as compared to control. The GST activity was enhanced in various tissues (hepatic, brain, cardiac, gills, renal and muscle) of CPF treated fish as compared to control group. Comparison among differen...
Mudassir Safdar, Aurang Zeb, Sidra Khalid, Shahid Bashir, Riffat Mehboob* and Muhammad Imran
...abad. In this interventional study, fortified wheat flour was provided to hostel kitchen for the study subjects. Blood hemoglobin concentrations and anthropometric measurements of all participating hostel girls (n=219) were determined initially (Day-0) and at the end of 4 months feeding period. Mean age of the subjects was 21.88 years, with an average initial BMI of 24.71 kg/m2. Findings of the efficacy trial showed that the average hemoglobin level in anemic ...
Ranjhan Junejo1*, Shahabuddin Memon1, Muhammad Usman Shar2, Ayaz Ali Memon1 and Fakhar-un-Nisa Memon3
...errugineol; 4-methyl-5-nonanol+ 4-methyl-5-nonanone), kairomone (Ethyl acetate, EA) dosages, effect of date fodder, trap density, the effect of trap color and seasonal changes have been optimized. From the results, it has been revealed that the traps baited with 300 g of date fodder, captured more adult red palm weevil as compared to the traps without date fodder. In addition, 3 mg/trap/da...
Soliman Mohammed Soliman
...ethane emission from ruminants during the fermentation of feed represents a loss of energy and contribution of greenhouse gas. Feed additives are one of the various dietary strategies that have been used to mitigate and reduce methane production in dairy cows. This aimed to determine the effects of three varieties of feed additives (green seaweed, probiotics Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Yucca schidigera) on in-vitro total gas and methane pr...
Mohamed Ali Zayed
...lly drinks lowly or marginal quality water. Irregularly as water is excessive in salt, which could reason physiological dissatisfied or maybe a death in farm animals. Three major muscles Triceps Brachii (TB), Longsimus Dorssi (LD) and Biceps Femoris (BF) samples were collected at 24 h postmortem from the carcasses of Bakri lambs. Lambs were separated according on drinking water type into two groups, the 1st group (G1); lambs drank fresh ...
Panjono1*, Endy Triyannanto2, Widagdo Sri Nugroho3, Muhammad Danang Eko Yulianto1, Bayu Andri Atmoko1,4
...dha is conducted traditionally, conventionally, and tends to be rough so that the cattle experience torture. Restrain is important in the slaughtering process by using equipment in the form of a restraining box. This study aimed to examine and identify the effect of using the portable restraining boxes (PRB) on the slaughtering efficiency and the level of animal welfare in the slaughtering process of sacrificial cattle durin...
Shahid Sherzada1,2*, Muhammad Naeem Khan1 and Masroor Ellahi Babar2
... study aimed at genetic analysis of by Cirrhinus mrigala using mitochondrial DNA marker cytochrome oxidase I (COI). Genomic DNA isolated from whole blood was used to amplify and sequence a short region of COI gene in mitochondrial DNA. The identifi...
Ji Feng, Yuan Li, Puqing Song, Ran Zhang, Hai Li and Longshan Lin*
...al and southern South China Sea are presented in this study. A total of 359 specimens were collected by light falling nets (20~36 mm mesh size) in 2012. The b values of the LWR equations varied between 2.670 and 3.265 for the studied species. As a supplement to LWR data, it is the first time that relevant data from this sea area have been provided to fish base....
Fei Kong1,2, Qingjun Zhu1, Fanrong Xiao1, Jacob Mueti Ngwawa1, Hongxing Zhang2 and Haitao Shi1*
... of the Yellow River, China. 24 stomach content samples were collected from wild-caught individuals from natural habitats, the analysis result showed that the species diet was noted to be primarily omnivorous and comprised 23 prey taxa classified into nine groups: plant (4), fish (1), frog (1), earthworm (1), insect (9), mollusk (3), shrimp (2), and other miscellaneous items....
Sajjad Khan*, Naila Chand, Abdul Hafeez, Nazir Ahmad
...organs along with intestinal histomorphology and selected pathogenic bacteria in broiler chickens. A total of 160 day-old Ross chicks were assigned to four groups, containing 0, 0.5,1 and 1.5% GA along with basal feed for 42 days. A completely randomized design (CRD) was followed during statistical analysis while difference in means was calculated through Tukey’s test. Results indicated that supplementation of GA at 1....
Afsheen Noman Saddar1, Anila Naz Soomro2*, Sadaf Tabasum Qureshi1, Syeda Saleha Hassaney1 and Mukhtiar Ahmed Mahar2
...ertility enhancing medicinal plants viz root of sweet flag, seed of radish, root of land-calotrops, leaves of peppermint and flower of red cabbage through brine shrimp toxicity assay. Brine shrimp eggs hatching was optimized by applying three temperature levels (25°C, 27°C and 29°C), three salinities (10 ppt, 30 ppt and 35 ppt), two food demands (0.8 g and 1.6 g) and two levels of shrimp egg (1 g/l and 1.5 g/l). Five concentrations (1200, 2500, 500...
El-Kholy KH1, Tag El-Din H1, Tawfeek FA2, Sara HM Hassab1*
...ct of Seder (Ziziphus spina-christi) leaves aqueous extract (SLAE) on endocrine hormones and reproductive function in laying hens under hyperthermia stress. Two hundred and twenty 25-wks-old-laying hens were randomly split into 4 groups, each is composed of 50 hens and 5 cock; the groups were included control group (received a basal diet without addition), SLAE2.5 group (received basal diet + 2.5 ml SLAE /kg diet), SLAE 5 (basal diet + 5 ml SLAE /kg diet) and ...
Fatma Desouki Mohammed Abdallah
...any fields such as veterinary medicine and animal sciences. Animals and birds are major sources for human feeding (protein source) then, statistical analysis of animal characteristics is of great importance. The objective of this paper was to explain and apply an important statistical method called principle component analysis to extract new carcass trait components of Japanese quail from ...
Alshimaa A. Hassanien1*, Asmaa Osama Tolba2, Asmaa A. A. Hussein3, Walaa M. Elsherif4
...rofile and effect of two natural agents of cow milk proteins such as casein and α-lactalbumin on S. aureus isolates of chicken and beef meat and human. Bacteriological culture and PCR were used for S. aureus detection in 150 meat products (50 grilled chickens, 50 grilled beef kofta, and 50 cooked beef meat) as well as 92 food handlers. 23S rRNA gene sequencing was done. Disk diffusio...
Mohamed Attia Ahmed Awad1*, Obaida Abdel Kareem Almasri2, Mohamed Abd El-Aziz Mohamed Ibrahim1, Rabie Ragab Sadek1, Samy Abou-Bakr1
...ation, Syria. Data were analyzed using the General Linear Model applied in XLSTATE software. The least squares means for the lactation curve parameters were 9.7 ± 0.12 kg for the initial milk yield (a), 0.40 ± 0.01 kg/week for the rate of increase to the peak (b), and 0.09 ± 0.001 kg/week for the rate of decline from the peak to dried off (c). The least squares means for the peak milk yield (PMY), peak week (PW), and persistency of lactati...
Chandrakala Rana1*, Deepak Subedi1*, Shanti Kunwar1, Rajesh Neupane1, Birendra Shrestha2, Khan Sharun3, Dinesh Kumar Singh4 and Krishna Kaphle2
...g was presented at Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Paklihawa Campus, Tribhuvan University with symptoms of urinary inconsistency, haematuria, and inappetence. Radiography and ultrasonography revealed the presence of calculus in the urinary bladder. Cystolithotomy was performed and the dog responded to the intervention and recovered uneventfully....
Muhammad Salman*, Muhammad Hamayoon Khan, Muhammad Zahid, Gul Zamin Khan, Fazli Rahim and Usman Khalique
...: justify;">Bactrocera zonata (Saunders), the peach fruit fly is a severe pest of many important fruits in Pakistan causing massive economic losses. Experiments were executed to reveal the ovipositional preference of B. zonata for four selected fruits belonging to different plant families, viz., banana (Musa acumi
Zahid Iqbal*, Farhat Ullah Khan and Jalal-ud-Din
...an by using time series analysis. Among different appropriate models like (1,0,0), (1,0,1), and (2,0,0) it is based on Normalized Bayesian criterion (NBIC), Akaike information criterion (AIC), Hannan-Quinn and Schwarz Criterion that Autoregressive (AR) model (1,0,0) is best. The Brock, Dechert and Scheinkman (BDS) test is also applied on the residuals of model (1,0,0) for checking the linearity condition before forecasting. ...
Bilal Jan1, Farida Anjum1*, Aasma Bibi1, Syed Roohul Hussain1, Abdul Ahad1, Azeem ud Deen1, Zia Ullah2 and Farrakh Mehboob3
...elopment, under conventional agricultural practices especially in developing countries. Pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables have achieved considerable attention due to the unempirical utilization of pesticides. Fruits and their products can serve as potential sources of toxic constituents such as pesticide residues, as they are often consumed unprocessed. This study was designed to assess the pesticide contamination ...
Hafiza Mehwish Iqbal1, Qurrat Ul Ain Akbar1, Saqib Arif1, Shahid Yousaf2*, Salman Khurshid1, Saqib Jabbar2, Neelofar Hamid3 and Uzma Sitara1
...e till reached towards final stages red 14.5mg/100g f.w indicating decaying of fruits. Antimicrobial activity revealed that mature green has higher activity comparison to half and full ripe stages. Green stages showed ZOI of antimicrobial (10.7-11.6mm) and for antifungal (11.2-11.8mm) in methanol and acetone extracts. It was concluded from the results that ripening stage has effects on the nutritional values which point out ...
Hassan Ali1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1* and Muhammad Imran Hamid2
...ra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), is an economically important stored grain and quarantine pest. It has developed considerable resistance to phosphine and other frequently used grain protectants. This situation necessitates looking for alternate biorational control options such as botanical and microbial insecticides. This in-vitro study assessed the anti-in...
Houria Bouazzara1,2,*, Rachid Chaibi 1,2, Farouk Benaceur 1,2,3, Amira Nouioua4 and Laura Bruno 5
...ers were found to be dominant followed by copepods, cladocerans and nematods for the entire research duration. CCA analysis indicates that WT, pH, NH4+, NO3-, PO42- and conductivity were responsible for most differences in zooplankton organisms. Finally, we concluded that all sampling area were oligosabrobic indicating the good environmental quality of Wadi M’zi River....
Hazel Tamakan* and Huban Gocmen
...pyoderma and otitis externa by conventional culture methods, automated identification system and PCR-RFLP. This is the first study to research the presence of MRSP in cats and dogs in Cyprus. The PCR-RFLP method based on the pta gene was confirmed to S. pseudintermedius. Methicillin resistance results were revealed with VITEK 2 and mecA gene detection was performed by PCR. A total of 100 samples including 50 cats and 50 dogs...
Tarık Bugra Saruhan and Alptug Sarı*
...">In this study, altitudinal distribution and habitat use of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) in Trabzon, Arsin, Yanbolu Valley were tried to be determined starting from September 2019 to February 2021. In the study area with a total area of 158 km2, 62–days fieldwork was carried out. Direct and indirect observation methods were used in field studies. Direct observations were made by one or two-person using point and line observations, as well as using c...
Sonali Menamvar1,2,3, Kirubakaran Vinod Kumar1, Veeregowda Muniveerappa Belamaranahally2, Yella Narasimha Reddy3, Rathnamma Doddamane2, Shrikrishna Isloor2, Ramesh Poojari Thimmaiah2, Gurrappanaidu Govindaraj1, Bibek Ranjan Shome1, Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan1*
... farms located in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, endemic states of India, during 2017 to investigate the seropositivity of bovine leptospirosis in dairy animals and associated risk factors at the farm level. The semi-structured questionnaire was designed as per the literature and used to collect leptospirosis associated risk factors along with serum samples from eight non-vaccinated dairy h...
Zulu Blantina Fangele, Tyasi Thobela Louis, Gunya Busisiwe*
...pecially those from marginalised communities. Although these chickens are associated with poor productivity in terms of the number of eggs laid, most consumers prefer their flavoursome meat. Despite that, there has been a research gap in the genetic, physiological, and nutritional aspects of indigenous chickens of Africa over the past decade. The use of citric acid has higher economic potential owing to its numerous applicat...
Hilarius Yosef Sikone1*, Budi Hartono2, Suyadi2, Bambang Ali Nugroho2
...ined the product flow, financial flow, and information flow in the beef cattle supply chain in each marketing agency of beef cattle in the North Central Timor Regency. The research method used was descriptive quantitative, which was carried out by a survey method. Determination of the sample using two methods: purposive sampling (applied to farmer respondents) and snowball sampling (to collect respondents from traders and bu...
Asmaa Sh. Fayed1*, Safaa M. Abo El-Soud2
...hetic preservatives with natural food additives has become more widely practiced. It was investigated the effects of the 2% and the 4% gallic acid/ zein wax film as an antioxidant and antimicrobial food packaging material, focusing on the quality, shelf life, and antioxidant properties of veal meat chunks during refrigerated storage. After coating meat samples, we analyzed their microbial, chemical, and sensory properties af...
Rafiqul Islam1, Nasrin Sultana1*, Md. Abu Hadi Noor Ali Khan2
... histomorphological examination after the gross morphologic and morphometric (weight, length, and width) examination. Results indicated that the DEX treated broilers had significantly higher serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels than the control broilers. In the gross morphologic and morphometric examination, the DEX supplemented groups showed varying degrees of congestion and signific...
Mohamed Saeed M. Hassan¹, Hitham Abdel-Saeed1*, Kawkab Abd El Aziz Ahmed2, Ossama Mohamed Abdou1
...ed to the teaching veterinary hospital at faculty of veterinary medicine, Cairo University and private clinics in Cairo and Giza governorates, Egypt. A total number (71 dogs) was included in the present study. This number comprises 16 apparently healthy dogs and 55 anemic cases. Historical data, clinical and hematobiochemical investigations were applied on all animals for detection of the definitive common causes of anemia. ...
Halidou Maiga Nafissatou1*, Abdou Moussa Mahaman Maâouia2, Moumouni Issa1, Marichatou Hamani1
...rown by artificial insemination, is experimented in Niger. This work reports the first results of this introduction on growth and reproduction. Data from 52 crossbreds (75%, 50% and 25% of Alpine Brown blood degree) and 63 Azawak were used for reproduction parameters, and 373 animals for growth parameters. The age at first calving of the crossbred cows (34.25 ± 3.77, 29.74 ± 3.37 and 32.80 ± 3.42 months respectively in the 75%, 50% and 25%...
Heba El-Zahar*, Zeinab Abd El-Rahman, Abbas El-Naggar
...hronic gastrointestinal inflammation. Due to the continuous rise in incidence, simple and cost-effective methods of diagnostic and clinical assessment are urgently required. The goal of this study was to look at the hematobiochemical alterations in association with the evaluation of C-reactive proteins (CRP), haptoglobin and fecal calprotectin concentration as prognostic markers in dogs with IBD. After a detailed clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic ...
Tahir Munir Butt1*, Azra2, Muhammad Luqman3, Naveed Farah4 and Muhammad Yaseen3
...ata thus collected were analyzed using SPSS for interpretation. Findings revealed the most prominent reason behind wastewater irrigation was uncertainty about energy supply. In addition, majority of the respondents were aware about health associated hazards (Hepatitis, Nausea etc.) of wastewater produced vegetables. It was further concluded that there exists a difference between mean of perceived rewards/incentives received from (especially untreated) wastewat...
Palwasha1, Siraj-ud-Din1 and Muhammad Fahim2*
...t-align: justify;">Sustainable development goals (SDGs) have been formulated by the United Nations to address global issues including food insecurity around the world. However, in developing countries, like Pakistan, a number of basic factors are the major impediments in implementation of these goals. Surveys were conducted in Peach (Prunus persica L.) producing areas of Malakand Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, where peach production, a major income source, is f...
Dharti Shahnawaz Thebo1*, Naeem Tariq Narejo2, Muhammad Hanif Chandio3, Faheem Saddar4, Shahnaz Rashid5, Asma Fatima5 and Ghulam Abbas5
...size, somatic index of gonads and productive potential (fecundity) was considered of the fish under study. Size of the egg increased from March (0.81 mm) to May (1.05 mm) with one spawning peak in May. Somatic index percentage of gonads in both sexes also increased simultaneously from 0.95% (March) to 1.2% (May) for male, and from 3.18% (March) to 5.1% (May) for female. The value of both factors reflects that the fish posses...
Naila Shahzadi1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Shaukat Ali1, Muhammad Farooq Bhatti2, Azizullah1, Shafaat Yar Khan3, Abdul Khaliq4
...y of our country. Unfortunately, this industry has not been on the list of priorities of our Government. Currently, Pakistan is importing silk from other countries to meet the demand of local market. Nutritional background of larval stage (1st, 2nd and 3rd instars etc.) significantly influences the status of the resulting larva, pupae, adult and fiber. For this purpose, sericulture productivity has been impressively modulate...
Muhammad Rizwan, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed*, Muhammad Arshad
...termine the population dynamics of D. mangiferae nymphs and adults on citrus plants. Results showed that the average population of mealybug nymphs (9.92 individuals per branch) and adults (14.55 individuals per branch) was higher in Bhalwal as compared to Kotmomin and Sargodha. The maximum population of nymphs (31.93 individuals per branch) was observed during April and the adult population was maximum (34.86 individuals per branch) during May. The nymphs and ...
Arman Sayuti1, Hamdan Hamdan2, Miftahul Jannah3, Safriadi Safriadi3, Teuku Nasri3, Tongku Nizwan Siregar2*
...se of this study was to analyze the effect of bovine pituitary extract (BPE) on increasing the number of offspring per birth and the concentration of steroids (estrogen and progesterone) in the local rabbits. In this study, we used 10 non pregnant rabbits that have given birth and were healthy clinically. All rabbits were randomly divided into two treatment groups, namely control group (K1...
Jan Clyden B. Tenorio
...hrives at the intersectionality of human health, veterinary health and environmental health. The interdependence of these three pillars highlights its importance as a holistic tool for inclusive development. With a prevailing pandemic that is caused by a zoonotic viral agent, One Health truly is the keyword of the times. Similarly, the numerous Neglected Tropical Diseases prevalent throughout the world also calls upon a One ...
Nora Faten Afifah Mohamad1, Hassan Haji Mohd Daud1, Ruhil Hayati Hamdan2, Sharifah Raina Manaf3, Ain Auzureen Mat Zin2, Nik Nur Fazlina Nik Mohd Fauzi2
...gas chromatographic examination of methyl esters. The overall mean of saturated fatty acid (SFA) composition was significantly higher (p<0.05) in C. macrocephalus (48.21 ± 5.11) as compared C. gariepinus (32.15 ± 1.23) and hybrid CMxCG (37.70±0.35). Total monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFAs) composition of C. macrocephalus, C. gariepinus, and hybrid CMxCG was 32.14 ± 5.86, 45.24 ± 3.21, and 30.89 ±0.80, respectively, ...
Aly M. Ghetas1*, Dalia M. Sedeek1, Hanaa S. Fedawy1, M.A. Bosila1, Asmaa M. Maatouq1, Hoda M. Mekky1, Kh. M. Elbayoumi1,2, Mohamed M. Amer3
... (IBD) virus (IBDV) from naturally infected native chickens. Thus, bursa specimens were collected from two IBD vaccinated native broiler chicken flocks showing clinical signs, mortality and lesions of IBD in this study. The collected bursae showed pathological changes related to those of IBD infection. Furthermore, the isolates were molecularly character...
Mohamed Abd El-Fattah Abo-Farw1, Maged Ahmed Aboul-Omran1, Abdel-Khalek El-Sayed Abdel-Khalek2*
...mance, antioxidant, hormonal profile and trace elements in Egyptian buffaloes. A total of 90 multiparous lactating Egyptian buffaloes (500-600 kg live body weight, 5-7 years old, 3-5 parities, and 10.75 ± 2.66 kg/day milk yield were used in this study. The buffaloes were managed and feed at similar traditional conditions. Mastitis diagnosis was performed 21 days after calving, then ...
Noor-us-Sabah1*, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Luqman2, Amir Aziz1, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Muhammad Aftab3
...tify;">Phosphate rock is naturally occurring cheaper mean of phosphorus (P) availability but having drawback of poor solubility. Pakistan is a resource poor country. Economy of Pakistan mainly relies upon agriculture. Phosphorus (P) application (like other essential nutrients) is compulsory for getting higher yield. But availability of P is compromised in those soils having high pH and high calcium content. As at higher pH, conversion of P to plant u
Muhammad Hanif Khan1, Syed Muhammad Suhail2, Hayaz uddin1, Aitbar Khan3, Rashid Ahmed Magsi3, Rajwali Khan2*, Iftikhar Ahmed2, Asim Ijaz2 and Khalid Khan2
...trate as per their maintenance and production requirement twice daily. Group A animals were considered as control with no supplementation of yeast culture, while Group B and C animals were supplemented with 20 g/day and 40 g/day of yeast culture respectively and were considered as treatment groups. Water was provided ad libitum to all groups. Yeast culture (YC) supplementation significantly (p<0.001) increased the average daily milk yield. The highest milk ...
Ali Zohaib1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Iftikhar Ahmad1, Mushtaq Ali2, Tahira Tabassum3 and Adnan Bashir1
...-align: justify;">Determination of crop maturation duration, yield and economic benefits of different Basmati rice varieties is imperative for enhancing the output of rice-wheat cropping system. Hence, two-year study was accomplished to find out the differences in growth, crop maturation duration, yield and economic benefits of Basmati rice varieties (Super Basmati, PK-1121 aromatic, Chenab Basmati, Kissan Basmati, Punjab Ba...
Ilvir Khabibullin1*, Ruzel Khabibullin1, Irina Mironova1, Lyalya Musina2, Elmira Akhmadullina1, Victoria Morozova1
...s to maintain their internal environment after maximum physical exertion. The conducted experiments showed that bioactive supplements of different nature optimized the homeostasis of the laboratory animals. It positively affected their skeletal and heart muscles, lung tissue, liver and kidneys, where immunity and blood cells develop. Although the swimming test at the beginning of the experiment showed that mice and hamsters ...
Ni Putu Vidia Tiara Timur1*, Maria Maliga Vernandes Sasadara2, Purwanta1, Anak Agung Jayawardhita3
... 13 kg presented to Udayana University Veterinary Hospital with swelling in the mandibular region and was reported that the swelling has been observed and was getting bigger since the dog was 8-month old. An initial examination identified a large volume of fluid. In 3 month period, the aspiration was performed twice, collecting a 8 cc and 5 cc clear yellowish fluid for each aspiration. The...
Hanan A. Abo-State*, Mosaad M. El-Monairy, Yasser A. Hamouda, Hussein M.A. Hassan
...es can be used as functional feed and applied in aquaculture for improving performance and feed utilization. This study aimed to examine the effect of pumpkin seed oil (PSO) supplementation to Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings diets on growth performance, feed utilization and body composition. Nile tilapia (4.12g fish-1) were fed the basal diet contained 30.36% crude protein and 3879 kcal kg-1 gross energy with different levels of PSO (0.0 (cont...
Sana Shakoor, Tahir Rehman Samiullah, Naila Shahid, Abdul Qayyum Rao*, Aneela Yasmeen, Sana Tahir, Ayesha Latif, Saira Azam, Ahmad Ali Shahid and Tayyab Husnain
Fan Da1,3, Zheng-Yong Wen1,2*, Xiao-Dong Wang4 and Yu Luo5
...stigated its transcriptional changes in response to fasting and refeeding. The cDNA of pvucp2 was 1,193 bp long and possessed a 939 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 312 amino acids. Multiple protein sequences alignment revealed that UCP2 protein sequences were highly conserved among vertebrates. Phylogenetic analysis suggested the evolutio
Evrim Sönmez
...ince it reduces the germination value and nutritional value of seeds. As a result of understanding the effects of entomopathogenic fungi on pests in recent years, researchers have also focused on fungi in fighting pests. These fungi, which are sold as bioinsecticides in the market, are generally preferred by producers who want to engage in organic or environmentally sensitive agriculture. Although there are a large number of...
Mubashir Ali Rather1, Ambreen Hamadani2*, Syed Shanaz2, Nusrat Nabi2, Showkat Ahanger1, H. Hamadani2, Ruksana Shah2
...ign: justify;">Small ruminant rearing is the core activity of the economically weaker sections in Jammu and Kashmir, India. The state has a rich diversity of sheep genetic resources. However, concerning wool traits, the production potential of these breeds was poor. Accordingly, crossbreeding was taken up the breeding policy to improve the genetic worth of these breeds. As a result, a fast-growing and fine wool-producing sheep strain Kashmir Merino was develop...
Ameliorative Effect of GSPE Against AFB1 Induced Immunotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity in Japanese Quail
Maha Khalil1, Gamal Shams2, Hosny Abdel Fadil2, Nagah Edrees2, Mostafa Abonorag1, Nasser El-Sabbagh3, Eman A. Ahmed4*
...inishing alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lipid peroxidation, and raising TNF-α and IL-6 as pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, elevating the reduced levels of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase were reported. Conclusively, the results of our experiment suggest that that GSPE is a good feed additive for alleviating the negative impacts induced by aflatoxin B1.
Moh Zali*, Nur Ihsan, Bambang Ali Nugroho, Kuswati, Umi Wisaptiningsih Suwandi, Riszqina, Suyadi
Safaa M. Barghash1*, Amani A. Hafez2
...t of immunity after vaccination in rats against Pasteurella multocida. T. evansi-infected and non-infected Wester Albino rats immunized against pasteurellosis with two vaccines; one is commercial, and the other is a formalin-killed vaccine (prepared from a local strain), and subsequently challenged virulent P. multocida. The differences in the regulation of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL12, IL6, and IL10 cytokine levels expression, were assessed as biomarkers of...
El-Kholy, K.H.1*, Tag El-Din H.1, Seham N.E. Seleem1, A.M. El-Shhat2
...onic mortality, and internal and external of newly hatched ducklings. A total of 1560 fertile eggs used in the current experiment were obtained from Sudani ducks flocks of 33 weeks of age. The eggs were randomly distributed into of five different SV solution concentrates; the 1st group without any treatment and served as a control (C), the 2nd group was dipped into distilled water as a vehicle or positive control (SV1). The ...
Khaled El-Kholy1*, Yaser Rizk2, Mohamed El-Helbawy1, Eman El-Said1
...creases the release of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
Keywords | Clove oil, Growth performance, Hormones, Rabbits, Salbutamol
...
Tiara Widyaputri*, Aldryan Cristianto Pratama, Dian Vidiastuti, Yudit Oktanella
...cess rate of 100%. RFLP analysis of NCOI cutting restriction enzymes shows that there are two bands at 66bp and 40bp. This shows that the normal allele frequency is one and the mutant allele is 0 with a heterozygous genotype frequency of 0% in the population. According to the result, the polymorphism that appears in the CD18 gene by PCR-RFLP method in all samples shows the substitution mutation type G base to C transversion and is not related to the BLAD mutat...
Amal Hamad1, Ashraf M. Abu-Seida2*, Faisal A. Torad2, Nahed S. Thabet3, Shabaan M. Gadallah1
... compares the sedative, analgesic and behavioral effects with the detection of changes in vital signs and blood values following injection of Nalbuphine HCl, Fentanyl citrate, Tramadol HCl and Meloxicam in dogs. Forty clinically healthy mongrel dogs were randomly divided into 4 groups (10 dogs each) according to the analgesic agent used. Doses of 0.5mg/kg Nalbuphine HCl, 5μg/kg Fentanyl citrate, 2mg/kg Tramadol HCl and 0....
Shewangizaw Wolde1,2*, Tadele Mirkena1,3, Aberra Melesse1, Tadelle Dessie4, Solomon Abegaz5
...weeks of age. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance. SRSR male chicken was the highest (p<0.05) and LL male chicken was the lowest (p<0.05) in final body weight and feed intake. Feed conversion ratio was best (p<0.05) for LL male chickens. Survival rate of male chicken was not affected (p> 0.05) by genotype. Weights of slaughter, drumstick, thigh, breast, skin, gizzard, ne...
Ly Thi Thu Lan1, Nguyen Thi Anh Thu1, Lam Thai Hung2, Nguyen Thi Hong Nhan3, Le Thanh Phuong4, Nguyen Trong Ngu3*
...nd carcass traits in Noi native chickens, allele 1 was more advantageous.
Keywords | ApoB2, Carcass, Chicken, Growth, Linkage
...
Muhammad F Tajol Ariffin1, Chai M Hian1, Muhammad Z Sukiman1, Mohd F Ghazali1, Siti M Zainal Ariffin2*
...f APP evaluation as alternative tools for early diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in goats. Also, there was a significant relationship between milk Hp and SCC, thus reflecting the intensity of the inflammatory response to mammary tissue.
Keywords | Acute phase proteins, Subclinical mastitis, Serum, Milk, Goats.
...
Hilaire S.S. Worogo*, Thierry O.T.L. Offoumon, Cham D.A. Alabi, Urbain Tchokponhoué, Yaya Idrissou, Alassan S. Assani, Fade Soule, Christophe Iwaka, Ibrahim Alkoiret Traoré
...determined. Statistical analyses were carried out using software R. The results obtained showed that sex has a significant effect on the Baron & Crevat index (p<0.01), Compact Index (Cmp.Ind) (p<0.01), dactylo-thoracic index (DTI) (p<0.01), and Rump Length Index (p<0.01) with a dominance of male over females except for DTI. The indices obtained showed that Borgou cattle breed is dolichocephalic with a cephali...
Nzube Thaddeus Egboka1*, Olajire Fagbola2, Ugochukwu Nnamdi Nkwopara1, Nnaemeka Henry Okoli1, Akaninyene Isaiah Afangide1 and Tochukwu Victor Nwosu3
...and 30-45 cm depths and analyzed in the Laboratory. Spore densities of AMF varied significantly (P > 0.05) between the fallow and cultivated (cassava and pineapple) land use types in both locations. Across the soil depths, however, AMF spore density decreased significantly with depth in Ibadan, with mean values of 54±6, 45±3 and 39±5 spores 100 g-1 soil at the 0–15, 15–30 and 30–45 cm, respectively. In Ikwuano, there w...
Magdy M. Fahmy1, Nisreen E. Mahmoud 1*, Mohamed R. Mousa2, Manal M. Zaki3, Elshaimaa Ismael3, Mai Abuowarda1
...ons and physicochemical analysis of water revealed deterioration of water quality indicating marked pollution. Parasitological examination of fish samples showed high total prevalence of 68.18% with 10 different ectoparasite species (4 Crustaceans, 4Monogeneans and2 Protozoans) of which the crustaceans recorded the highest prevalence (63.67%). In the present study, Manzala Lake and its corresponding fish farms considered new...
Abdul Wadood Khan1, Sabahat Subhan1*, Asif Ali Abro2 and Riaz Shahid3
...stan from 1980-2018. To analyze the long run relationship among the variables, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model was used. While constructing the production function, most of the common variables in the production function were utilized. In the construction of productivity and input quantity index, the data of input and output were employed respectively. The data of GDP, capital and labour was used in the agriculture sector for obtaining the agriculture...
Hafeez-ur-Rehman1*, Umar Farooq1, Muhammad Asim Bhutta2, Saghir Ahmad2, Muhammad Akram2, Muhammad Rafiq Shahid2, Hammad Hussnain2, Muhammad Shahid2, Muhammad Mehmood Iqbal2, Ali Raza2 and Muhammad Iqbal2
...sutum L.) cultivars with natural tolerance to drought stress is the foremost agenda of cotton breeders these days under the current scenario of climate change. The major purpose of the present study was to evaluate the cotton genotypes under naturally developed water-deficit condition and evaluating them in comparative study with natural full irrigation ...
Ahmed Abdel-Rady1,2, Walaa Mostafa3*
...e farms, and faecal examination through direct smear and flotation techniques were done to determine the presence of the eggs. Out of these, 104 animals were infected with strongyle eggs with (26%) prevalence. Sex, season, and age were the factors that affect the prevalence of trichostrongyle infection in this study. Data analysis reported that there was a significant effect for the season and sex on the trichostrongyle infe...
Mohammad Mahmudi1,2*, Muhammad Musa1,2, Sulastri Arsad1,2, Evellin Dewi Lusiana1,2, Alamanda Bunga1, Nur Azlina Wati1
...im of this study was to analyze the impact of integrated super-intensive shrimp aquaculture with mangroves in terms of water quality characteristics and phytoplankton as a bioindicator. The study was conducted at coastal area of Probolinggo region, Indonesia. Our research showed that the cultured ponds had high abundance of phytoplankton but low species diversity. Meanwhile, the water inlet and outlet of the shrimp farming which served at mangrove area had hig...
Nazakat Nawaz1, Nasir Mahmood Cheema2*, Malik Muhammad Yousaf3, Muhammad Jahanzaib1, Mubashir Ahmad Khan1 and Muhammad Munir4
...d Research Program, National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Islamabad. The line was evaluated along with six other promising lines and checked across the country. Selection following pedigree method was continued up to F5 generation. The generations, F2 to F5 were raised for consecutive selection as single plant progeny rows along with parents. PG-1090 being medium duration showed ov...
Abid Hussain1*, Saifullah Khan2, Shamas Liaqat3 and Shafiullah4
...ographical area. Operational per capita land holding in the region is just 0.05 ha (less than 500 m2) which is insufficient to produce sufficient amount of food to feed a person throughout the year. The arable land in the region is 1.37% of the geographical area. Thus, production base of the region can be almost doubled by bringing it under cultivation. It is possible through supporting rural communities in use of light to medium type of machinery, adoption of...
Mudssar Ali1*, Muhammad Awais Ahmad1, Asif Sajjad2 and Shafqat Saeed1
...ity and effectiveness of native insect pollinators in carrot seed production. An experiment was performed at the research farm of MNS University of Agriculture, Multan during vegetative season (October-April) in 2019-20. Seven syrphid fly and four bee species were found visiting the carrot flowers that comprised of 65% and 35% of total abundance respectively. Among Syrphidae, Eristalinus aeneus was the most abundant followed...
Adriana Cervantes-Noriega1, Norma A. López2, Alfredo Estrada-Angulo2, Beatriz I. Castro-Pérez2, Elizama Ponce-Barraza2, Gilberto López-Valencia1, Alberto Barreras1, Alejandro Plascencia3*
...ve lower relative intestinal weight. It is concluded that reduction of TDS and the bacterial load in water qualified as “clean and safe” decreases frequency and days of diarrhea during diet period adaptation, promoting better diet energy utilization, improving weight gain, and HCW and LM area.
Keywords | Water quality, Finishing lambs, Growth-performance, Carcass traits, Diarrhea
...
Asli Salcioglu
...ifferent species. Additionally, the number of mutations and high values of sequence divergences were useful in differentiating the three different Spicara....
Doaa Khairy1, Mohamed Ali Osman2 and Fatma Abdel Mohsen Mostafa1*
...arts of canola (Brassica napus L.) extracts to alleviate the deleterious effect of Meloidogyne incognita as well as ameliorate tomato growth in vivo. A mixture of moringa or neem aqueous leaf extracts with different parts of canola viz. leaf, stem and root gave better results than did single ones. Dual application of neem leaf extracts and canola parts extracts exhibited detectable augmentation in plant biomass better than other treatments. However, triple app...
Hyun-Ju Cho1, Eun-Jae Lee2 and Shin-Jae Rhim3*
...tat variables of two dominant small rodents, Apodemus agrarius and A. peninsulae, and found that the numbers of captured individuals of both species were highly related to the patch size. We determined that understory coverage and the volume of coarse woody debris were the habitat variables associated with the A. agrarius population, while the corresponding variables associated with A. peninsulae population were suboverstory coverage, understory coverage, and ...
Ying Feng1 and Xuqun Pei2,*
...m abnormalities and neuronal autophagy and apoptosis in patients with ischemic stroke and cognitive impairment. Glucose metabolism abnormalities and cognitive function in patients with ischemic stroke were detected by glucose tolerance test and neuropsychological test. Morris water maze test was used to detect learning and memory ability of MCAO model rats. RT-PCR and Western Blot method were used to detect the expression of autophagy and apoptosis genes in ne...
Yaruq Jabeen1, Nida Ansari1, Haroon Rasheed1, Muhammad Asif Rasheed1,*, Muhammad Awais2, Muhammad Ibrahim1, Sumaira Kanwal1, Aqsa Khalid3, Manzoor Ahmad Zahid4 and Farrukh Jamil1,*
...eDock, rDock, AutoDock Vina, AutoDock, UCSF DOCK, GOLD, Glide, Surflex-Dock, LigandFit and MOE-Dock. Among these, AutoDock Vina has been widely used by academia for molecular docking. This tool performs docking of a ligand into a protein by seven steps. For docking analysis of several ligands, AutoDock Vina is a time-consuming tool. In order to make Auto...
Sheng Dong1*, Ning Li2, Jiawei Zhang2 and Ting Wang2
Hamdy Abdala Elnagar*, Wael Mohamed Wafa, Moataz Ibrahim Badwy, Abdelaziz Mustafa Sakr
...ma (BP) proteins and seminal plasma (SP) proteins in low and high fertile buffalo-bulls. Also, the relationship between protein profile in BP of adult bulls and bull calves were studied. Blood samples were taken from 3 calves (128.33±7.58 kg and ageing 6 mo.) and 10 bulls (400±37.5 kg and 24-25 months of age) and semen samples from bulls. Semen was collected once a week from all bulls which were divided according to semen quality to high and low ...
Husmaini1*, Riza Andesca Putra1, Indri Juliyarsi1, Tevina Edwin1, Linda Suhartati1, Aditya Alqamal Alianta1, Harmaini2
...pulation structure and management of KBC maintenance in in-situ areas. The respondents of this study were fifty-seven farmers who kept the KBC. The method was survey method and purposive sampling to determine the respondents. The observed variables were breeder profile, maintenance management, number of KBC, actual population (Na), effective population (...
Rana A. Ali1, Abd-Elraheim A. Elshater2, Heba A. Mohammed3*, Mahmoud Elshazly4
...llected for biochemical analysis. Also, the pancreas was dissected for histopathology. Results: biochemically, there was a significant increase in hepato-renal enzymes, cholesterol, glucose, and insulin in the STZ group, while, the other treated groups showed an improvement in such enzymes. Histopathology, STZ induced necrosis, and degenerative changes with vacuolation. Treated groups displayed moderate to mild vacuolation ...
Sutopo Sutopo, Dela Ayu Lestari, Edy Kurnianto, Asep Setiaji*
...ve of this study was to analyze the effects of egg weight, sex, and varieties on body weights and growth ability of Kedu Chickens. The number of chicken used in each variety of the male Red comb Kedu and Black Comb Kedu Chickens were 5 and 4 heads, respectively. Meanwhile, the number of female was 24 and 20 heads, respectively. A total of 901 eggs were collected during the period of 11 weeks. Egg weight (EWG) and body weight (BW) were weighed individually. BW ...
Amira M. Refaie1*, Manal S. Mohamed1, Enayat H. Abo El-Azayem1, Sherein H. Mohamed2
...mance aspects during pregnancy and lactation periods. Does were allocated to 5 experimental groups, 7 does of each. Feeding on tested diets started one month before first mating. Does were allowed to the following treatments; a normal control group fed a basal diet without AA (T1), a positive control group fed T1 diet plus 0.1% Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis (T2; Pro.), then the 3rd, 4th and 5th were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.05%, 0....
Samah Samir, Amal Awad*, Gamal Younis
..., appropriate sanitary management is required to improve water quality and reduce sickness incidence and economic losses.
Keywords | E. tarda, Fish farms, Virulence, Antimicrobial susceptibility, Biofilm.
...
Seok-Jun Son1,3, Sung-Kyung Lee1, Jung-Woo Oh1, In-Kyu Kim2, Dal-Ho Kim2, Bo-Ra Hyun1 and Jung-Hoon Kang1,*
...rets crossed the East China Sea to Taiwan. The signal for one bird was lost, whereas the other rested and then moved to the Philippines for winter. The home ranges of the two birds were reported using kernel density estimation (KDE). During the post-fledgling stage, the results showed KDE 95% (90.46 km2) / KDE 50% (26.29 km2,) and KDE 95% (45 km2) / KDE 50% (5.56 km2). While during the pre-migration stage, it showed KDE 95% ...
Ejaz Ali and Nageen Hussain*
Tatyana Mamontova1*, Konstantin Katkov1, Natalia Kizilova2 and Ali-Magomet Aybazov1
...ng the influence of seasonal parameters (ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure, air humidity, duration and gradient of daylight hours) on the quantitative and qualitative parameters of sperm (volume, motility, concentration, survival) of rams bred in mid-latitude. Sperm samples were collected from 5 Dzhalginsky merino rams once a week for twelve calendar months using an artificial vagina. The lowest quality sperm was pro...
Tatyana Mamontova1*, Konstantin Katkov1, Natalia Kizilova2 and Ali-Magomet Aybazov1
...ng the influence of seasonal parameters (ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure, air humidity, duration and gradient of daylight hours) on the quantitative and qualitative parameters of sperm (volume, motility, concentration, survival) of rams bred in mid-latitude. Sperm samples were collected from 5 Dzhalginsky merino rams once a week for twelve calendar months using an artificial vagina. The lowest quality sperm was pro...
Mariam Arain1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1* and Muhammad Javed Arshed2
...tation. However, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were significantly higher (p<0.05) in control group goats compared to goats in supplemented group. Significantly higher (p<0.05) IgG concentration was found in Se supplemented goats as compared to control group. The bacterial species produced weak positive biofilm formation (p<0.05) in Se supplemented goats as compared to control group. The hematological indicators revealed that the val...
Jumshaid Iqbal1, Muhammad Sharif1*, Muhammad Nadeem Suleman2, Muhammad Saeed3, Fawwad Ahamd1, Asghar Ali kamboh4, Tugay Ayaşan5 and Muhammad Arslan3
...were supplemented with a natural growth promoter (NGP) at the rate of 0 (control), 1.5, 3 and 4.5g/kg of feed, respectively. Feed consumption (FC) and weight gain (WG) were recorded to check the feed conversion ratio (FCR) on weekly basis. At the end of trial, two chicks from each replicate were randomly slaughtered to determine carcass traits. Samples of intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) were collected to perform histomorphology. Results indicated that FC,...
Tiyyabah Khan1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1*, Muhammad Rizwan Khan1, Muhammad Umer1, Adnan Akhter1 and Waseem Akram2
...city of selected biorational insecticides (spinosad, thiamethoxam, indoxacarb and imidacloprid) against Pakistani strains of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (rusty grain beetle) and Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle), and tested whether insects’ mortality could control fungal contamination in stored grains or not? Bioassays were performed on wheat grains artificially infested with C. ferrugineus or T. castaneum along with...
A. Samy1*, H.M.A. Hassan1, Fatma T.F. Abd-El Ghany2, Shama H. Morsy2
...d NFE digestibility was unaffected in all treatments. Considerably, Addition of curcumin or garlic extract boosted final weight, weight gain, and feed efficiency compared to the control group. Dietary treatments were significantly (P<0.05) raised carcass weight and carcass percent, while liver, heart, kidney, giblets, and spleen percentage were not affected. When curcumin or garlic extract were added at 200 or 400 ppm, Im...
Modification of In Vitro Methanogenesis and Rumen Fermentation by using Lauric Acid: A Meta Analysis
Ayu Cusiayuni1, Risan Khaerani Nurfatahillah1, Rakhmad Perkasa Harahap2, Komang Gede Wiryawan3, Dwierra Evvyernie3, Anuraga Jayanegara3*
...genesis by using a meta-analysis approach from published articles. A total of 89 data points from 24 articles were compiled in a database, consisted of various information, i.e., level of lauric acid, microbial population, rumen fermentation characteristics, total gas production, methane production, and digestibility. The data obtained were analyzed by using the mixed-model methodology. Results showed that the addition of la...
Ishrat Younus1,2 and Afshan Siddiq1*
...t has been reported for analgesic potential thus it might have antipyretic potential. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate analgesic and antipyretic activities of ethanol extract of Raphanus sativus var. caudatus in albino mice. The analgesic and antipyretic activities were determined at three different doses (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) using different pain models (writhing ind...
Honnakerappa S. Ballari1 and Shashikant S. Udikeri2*
...limatic situations in Karnataka state, India. An abstinent to tremendous resistance was documented for synthetic pyrethroids, carbamates and organphosphates insecticide despite under use of these molecules over decades. Raichur populations comprehend high level of resistance to Pyrethroids with LC 50 121.63 ppm to cypermenthrin which indicated 23.21fold of resistance with respect to a laboratory susceptible strain. Similarly, there was 24.95 folds of resistanc...
Rabia Bibi1, R. Muhammad Tariq2, Samir A.M. Abdelgaleil3 and Munawwer Rasheed1, 4*
...nicals are enriched with natural bioactive compounds have been utilized in the current study to alleviate the stored grain pests infestation. Four species of red seaweeds Asparagopsis taxiformis, Laurencia karachiana, Gracilaria foliifera, and Jania rubens found abundantly along the Karachi coast, Pakistan were collected in the year 2015-18. Samples were extracted using a Soxhlet extraction method with solvents of varying po...
Zunaira Noreen* and Khawar Sultan
...ds globally by replacing native forests with artificial forests containing exotic species. The canal bank forest is one of such artificial forests present in Gujranwala, Pakistan. This study is designed to investigate role of canal bank forest as habitat for the native species of birds, their adaptability to exotic trees, and to understand role of mixed ...
Asmaa S. Mohammed*, Ahmed F. Abou-Elnaga, Ahmed I. Ateya, Mohammed M. Fouda, Ragab A. Darwish, Usama A. Abou-Ismail
...s) reduced the level of inactive behaviours and bar chewing, and improved maintenance and exploratory behaviours. Similarly, the exposure to long durations of UVB radiation elevated serum 25-hydroxy vitamin-D to safe levels and decreased mortality rate of kits. Furthermore, the exposure to 8 hours of UVB radiations in particular improved reproductive indices including litter weight at weaning and Kits’ weight gain from...
Huapu Chen1, Zhiyuan Li1, Yaorong Wang1, Wei Yang2,*, Hongjuan Shi1, Shuisheng Li1,3, Chunhua Zhu1 and Guangli Li1,*
...es found in Southeast China. Production of all-female spotted scat population with superior growth traits can significantly increase farmer’s benefits due to its sexual dimorphism in growth. Herein, the sex ratio and differences in morphometric traits were observed between females and males in a full-sib population of S. argus. Then the correlation between these traits and their effects on body weight (BW) was analyzed...
Pan Ziyi1, Ambreen Iqbal1, Gao Zhen1, Liu Juan1, Fang Xibi2, Jiang Ping1* and Zhao Zhihui1*
...gene regulates the abdominal fat of broilers and it is hypothesized that it can also play a role in the fat metabolism of cattle. A mutation in the 3’ untranslated region of the DHCR24 gene was identified that led to the differential expression of DHCR24 in cattle. In this study, we detected mutation at g.32435 from G > A in 3’UTR of DHCR24 gene in a Chinese Simmental steer population. In mutated individuals at g. 32435 G > A of DHCR24 the ki...
Mohamed Mohamady Ghanem1*, Yassine Mahmoud Abdelraoof1, Abdelghany Hefnawy Abdelghany2, Eman Abdelhamid El-Ebissy3, Ahmed Ragab Askar4,5, Attia Ahmed Eissa6
...trasonographical and ruminal examinations, and to evaluate therapeutic interference by Rumitone (herbal product). To achieve these objectives, three healthy she camel at Ras Sudr Research Station, belonging to Desert Researcher Center, aged from 8-10 years old and weighting 350- 400 kg were used. Lactic acidosis was induced with oral sucrose (14 gm/ kg BW) for 24hs after which camels were treated with oral Rumitone daily for...
Taghreed Mohamed Nabil1, Randa Mohamed Hassan1, HebatAllah Hamdy Mahmoud2, Mohamed Gomaa Tawfiek2, Usama Kamal Moawad1*
...l as the morphometrical analysis of all parts of the adult turkey hens’ (Meleagris gallopavo) oviduct during the egg production period. For this purpose, twenty four adult turkey hens were used. Gross examination and measurements of the oviduct compartments were obtained, and four specimens for each portion were used for scanning electron microscopic examination. Histologically, piec...
Nuraini Nuraini*, Mirzah Mirzah, Yuliaty Shafan Nur, Harnentis Harnentis
...t to improve the nutritional quality of Azolla microphylla. This research has 2 phases. Phase 1, determination of the best types of lignocellulolytic fungi on the nutrient quality of fermented Azolla microphylla. This study used an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatments were the types of fungi, namely Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Phaneroc...
Xiaopeng Tang1*, Kangning Xiong1, Peng Peng2 and Dun Deng2*
...; 0.05) effects on the final body weight, ADG, ADFI and F/G of broilers. (2) Dietary replacement of SBM with cDDGS had significant (P < 0.05) effects on the slaughter rate, semi-eviscerated rate of broilers, and there was a tendency of decrease in eviscerated rate when dietary replacement of 40% SBM with cDDGS (P = 0.053). There were no effects of dietary replacement of SBM with cDDGS on breast muscle rate and abdominal f...
Hosny Kesba1, Ashraf Suloma2, Samy Sayed3*, Abdullah Abdel-Rahman1 and Shaimaa Diab1
...n could be utilized to manage M. incognita in different soil types....
Muhammad Tariq Khan1, Muhammad Ather Rafi2, Riffat Sultana3*, Anjum Munir1 and Sajjad Ahmad4
...ecies of subfamily Eumeninaein in Sindh province under 5 genera i.e. Delta, Knemodynerus, Antepipona, Allorhynchium, Antodynerus. Besides this, their bio-geographical affiliations have also been discussed. Of these species and subspecies 6 are part of the Oriental fauna, one is part of the Afrotropical and Palearctic Region and three belong to Oriental, Afrotropical and Palearctic Regions....
Mashakgene Isaac Senoamadi, Thobela Louis, Tyasi Teedzai Chitura*
...contortus and other internal parasites in a communal farming system of Limpopo province, South Africa. Twenty-six sheep and one-hundred and sixty-three goats were evaluated for clinical haemonchosis using the FAMACHA© diagnostic system. Information on the methods of control used by the smallholder farmers was gathered through a questionnaire-based survey that was carried out by interv...
A.J. Shoyombo1, O.O. Alabi, B.M. Falana1*, R.A. Animashahun1, S.O. Olawoye1, F.A. Okenniyi1, M.A. Popoola2, C.I. Ukim2, A.M. Ake, A.E. Jubril3
...gs, cattle and small ruminants. It is a condition which do not often occur but requires a dogged approach in treating affected animals. Atresia ani is a congenital embryological condition that often suffice when the hindgut refuses to connect with the perineum for the proper discharge of muconium. In this study, a three-day-old calf was observed to be suffering from Atresia ani at the Landmark University Teaching and Research farm. This condition was obvious d...
Zhan-Zhong Liu1, Chun-Ying Wang1, Jian-Ye Yang2, Qing-Hua Liu3,4, Xiao Zhang3* and Liang Wang3,4*
...in the east region of China. The median age of the patients is 42-year-old and 45.57% are male; 25 cases (31.65%) are imported. 23 cases (29.11%) were confirmed between January 26 to 31, 2020 while 56 cases (70.89%) were from February 1 to 16, 2020. Among the ten administrative divisions of Xuzhou city, Suining county (n=31) and Pizhou City (n=15) have the most cases while Tongshan district has none. A representative familial cluster with 6 cases was a
Min Li1, Shiwu Deng2*, Yiqian Peng3 and Hong Li2
Zunping Ke1, Chao Li2, Qiang Liu3, Gang Bai4, Junfeng Wang5, Ming Zhou5 and Xiao Dong5,*
...ralogy of Fallot and coronary artery to bronchial arterial fistula is reported. The communication of fistula arising from the proximal left circumflex coronary artery was discovered by routine coronary artery angiography before correction surgery. The patient then underwent TOF correction surgery. Considering the significance of the fistula, it better be found out and ligated prior to card...
Uzma Jabeen1, Asmat Salim2*, Irfan Khan2, Nadia Naeem3 and Rubina Mushtaq4
...cus of this study is to analyze the mechanism of renal toxicity caused by this chemotherapeutic drug. As reactive oxygen species are significant regulators of transcription factors and gene expression, this study was aimed at analyzing the expression levels of genes that are induced in response to oxidative stress following DOX administration to rats. DOX was administered to rats intraperi...
Amira M. Nowier1, Hassan R. Darwish2, Sherif I. Ramadan3, Nadia A. Abo El-Maaty2 and Othman E. Othman2*
Ahmed Alazzouni1, Ashraf Al-Brakati2,*, Sherif Rabie1, Mohamed Gabry1 and Basmaa Hassan1
...xtracts could be used as natural chemotherapeutic agents and as adjuvants to ameliorate histopathological changes associated with leukemia....
Lin Lu
...were treated with HDP (final concentration 1 mg/mL, 2 mg/mL and 4 mg/mL), PI3K/AKT signal pathway inhibitor LY294002 (20 μmol/L) and LY294002 + HDP (4 mg/ml HDP and 20 μmol/L LY294002). Cell viability and apoptosis rate were detected by MTT and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression of Cyt-C, Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved Caspase-3, PI3K, AKT and p-AKT were detected by Western blotting. We found that activity of TPC-1 cell...
Hua Liu, Wei Hou, Li Peng, Changjun Peng, Yansen Cai and Jing Li*
... for genetic population analysis. SNP markers that are suitable for non-invasive samples are important to wild population investigations in endangered species. Based on the whole genome sequences of Macaca thibetana, we successfully developed 26 SNP loci that were sensitive to non-invasive samples, then based on which, genetic diversity and population structure of three populations of M. thibetana
Xu Liu1, 2, Liwei Teng2, Youzhong Ding3 and Zhensheng Liu2*
Muhammad Idrees1, Bashir Ahmad2, Muhammad Waqas1, Syed Muhammad Mukarram Shah3 and Saad Ahmad Khan4
...entified using computational methods. In the ligand base pharmacophore, an already reported four ligands for the four proteins encoded by the resistant genes of M. tuberculosis were selected for the generation of pharmacophores. The validated pharmacophores model of all the four proteins, generated on the basis of ligand base, were selected for further screening of ZINC drug like database. As a screening results 486 structurally diverse hits for katG, 542 for ...
Roshana Mukhtar1, Shaheen Shahzad1*, Sajid Rashid2, Maryam Rozi2, Madiha Rasheed3, Imran Afzal4 and Pakeeza Arzoo Shaiq5
... in UROS gene. Sequence analysis revealed a pathogenic missense mutation (c.935T>C [p. L237P]) in the exon 10.The sequence was further analysed in-silico to determine the effect of pathogenic mutation on protein structure. In-silico analysis and comparison between UROSL237P and UROSWT 3-dimensional structures revealed remarkable changes in the binding...
Abdul Malik Ahmed, Bhargav Bhushan Nath, Ayub Ali, Jiten Sarma, Bipul Phukan, Imtiaz Ahmed* and Jyotirmoyee Das
...), indicating the predominance of females over males. Monthly analysis data of Gonado Somatic Index (GSI) showed two peaks with one in April and another in August suggesting Gudusia chapra breeds twice a year. The species was recorded to be highly fecund with fecundity ranging from 7,095-48,238. The relationship between fecundity and variables viz total length, body weight and ovary weight...
Saeed Akram Khan1, Shahid Sherzada1*, Muhammad Ashraf1, Durr-e-Shehwar1, Sonia Iqbal1, Usman Atique1,3, Farzana Abbas1, Sohail Ahmad2 and Muhammad Sultan Haider4
...tify;">Cirrhinus mrigala naturally breeds in rivers and streams during monsoon season but in ahatchery, it can be induced to spawn by the administration of ovaprim or its analogues. However, the conditions of the induced environment vary from place to place as well as the dose of ovaprim. The present investigation is focused on possible impact of different temperatures on the induced spawning behavior of C. mrigala. Th...
Guo-dong Zhao1,2*, He-ying Qian1,2, Yi-ling Zhang1,2, Gang Li1, 2, Jian Tang1, 2 and An-ying Xu1,2*
...tem. Pathway enrichment analysis was carried out using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. Furthermore, some selected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were verified by qRT-PCR. Our results can facilitate the overall understanding of the mechanism of silkworm’s tolerance to pesticides and provide a new control strategy of Lepidoptera pests....
Roheela Yasmeen1* and Samia Chaudhry2
...n: justify;">A novel coronavirus commonly known as COVID-19 has resulted in an ongoing outbreak of viral pneumonia. This pandemic started from Wuhan City, China and has spread throughout most parts of the world (210 countries). COVID-19 is a large sized, enveloped, positive stranded RNA virus. Out of the four known genera, alpha and beta coro
Muhammad Altaf1* Arshad Mahmood Abbasi2, Muhammad Shoaib Amjad3, Sadia Naseer1 and Muhammad Umair4
...ext-align: justify;">Coronavirus consists of single-stranded, enveloped and RNA virus, largest genome among all RNA viruses and has 4 proteins i.e. envelope, spike, nucleocapsid and membrane. Coronaviruses are classified into 4 genera: Alphacoronav...
Laiba Ajmal1, Sidra Ajmal2, Maleeha Ajmal3, Gul Nawaz3, Rabail Hassan Toor4, Hooria Younas1, Tassaduq Hussain Sheikh5 and Raazia Tasadduq1*
...stify;">A successful pregnancy is a biological paradox as the maternal immune system accepts and tolerates the semi allogeneic fetus. Continued tolerance of the fetus relies on an optimal immune privileged environment that allows the developing fetus to avoid recognition and rejection. Any dysregulation in the crosstalk between the host’s immune system and the fetal allograft would result in rejection of the fetus, sub...
Treatment Approaches of Ovine Fungal Diseases using Antibiotics and Ethnoveterinary Medicinal Plants
Djadouni Fatima* and Meliani Amina
...goats are both small ruminants with wide distributions due to their production of milk, wool, and meat. As such the diseases of these animals are of great economic importance to humans. Poor nutrition, poor breeding, poor hygiene and poor management systems are the most responsible factors of these diseases that cause annually significant livestock losses affecting the economy, animal diversity and ecological balance. These ...
Fan Xu1,2*, Cheng Wu3 and Su Zeng1
...eter, Malvern zeta sizer nanoparticle size analyzer, accusizer APS 780 particle size analyzer and Agilent 6460 LC-MS/MS mass spectrometer. From the experimental results, 5 μg:50ml group kept good targeting within 6 h. The encapsulation rate of 5 μg:100ml group decreased significantly after 6 h, and the percentage of fat globules > 5 μ m (PFAT5) in 10 μg:10ml group was relati...
Riffat Sultana1*, Samiullah Soomro1 and Chuan Ma2
...ed on morphological examination. However, DNA-based species assignments has now made it possible to overcome this barrier. In this study we present CO1 gene data set on the 6 species of Chrotogonus i.e. Chrotogonus (Chrotogonus) homalodemus homalodemus (Blanchard, 1836) with two forms: long winged form and short winged form, C. (Chrotogonus) homalodemus (Blanchard, 1836), C. (Chrotogonus) ...
Luan Arthur Queiros Lima, Talita Monielly Alves de Oliveira, Thiara Guimarães Maia, Ayko Shimabukuro, Itainara Taili, Raul dos Santos and Cecilia Calabuig*
...orts on the presence of snakes in the diet of the crab-eating-fox (Cerdocyon thous). Here we reported the predation of the crab-eating-fox over a boa (Boa constrictor) in the Caatinga biome, Brazil. Despite having a predominantly nocturnal habit, the crab-eating-fox was observed foraging during the day, a practice that is unusual and has little documentation about it. This report helps to ...
Haipeng Liu1, Xubin Jiao1, Xiangqing Li1 and Xinru Xu2*
Aqsa Fayyaz1, Muhammad Kashif Zahoor1*, Asma Ashraf2, Muhammad Asif Zahoor3, Azhar Rasul2, Humara Naz Majeed4, Muhammad Zulhussnain1, Kanwal Ranian1, Bushra Riaz1, Nazia Khalil1 and Attaullah1
...d, Faisalabad road, Satyana road, Jhumra road, Nankana sahib road, Lahore road and Jaranwala road. Homogenate from house flies was first harvested in 11 day old embryonated chicken eggs to propagate the NDV, which was then titrated using haemagglutination inhibition assay for quantification of NDV. Polyclo
Santosh Kumar1*, Riffat Sultana2* and Martin Husemann3
...olistan has a diverse fauna and flora, but until now its orthopteran fauna is relatively unstudied. The survey was conducted during November 2018 to August 2019. We found 25 species of grasshoppers, crickets and tree crickets. Caelifera were more diverse than Ensifera with 16 and 9 species, respectively. This work is provided an extended list of Orthopterans registered from Cholistan desert for the first time. ...
Jun Zhang1*, Xiaocao Xu2 and Min Cao2
...emia major in Bengbu, China. This study is a cross-sectional study in which information was extracted and collected from patients’ records, including gender, age, number of blood transfusions per year, HBs-Ag, HCV-Ab and Anti-HBs. The study included 630 thalassemia major patients who received regular blood transfusions at a hospital in Bengbu, China. We found that out of 630 patients...
Chuanfeng Fan1,2,*, Wenguo Feng1,3, Jingchang Yang1,2, Qingchao Chen1,2 and Yu Wang1,4
...ting hormone, on the retina. Twenty-four Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal control group, glutamate induced injury group and α-melanocyte stimulating hormone pretreatment group each with 8 rats, 16 eyes in each group. The content of neurotransmitter amino acids and the survival rate, apoptosis rate and mitochondrial membrane potential of the retinal nerve cells were compared between the three g...
Huahua Fang, Daquan Zhou and Xiaoyu Dong*
...la microptera, Liparis tanakae and Trachidermus fasciatus) from the Yellow Sea along coastal waters of Shandong province, China were estimated. Ninety-one samples were collected from March to June 2019 through trawl nets in the Yellow sea area (36°27′02″N 121°08′68″E). The length-weight relationships of Lepidotrigla microptera, Liparis tanakae and Trachiderm...
Jabbar Khan1, Mehwish Jehan1, Zeeshan Mutahir2, Muhammad Rafi1, Muhammad Ismail1, Aamer Abbas1 and Jabbar Tanveer3
...turing goat is a traditional profession of marginal farmers and landless workers in different regions of under-developed countries. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of vitamin E and selenium (Se) on physiological and hormonal status of Damani goat in Dera Ismail Khan, under high ambient temperature. Forty Damani healthy, non-pregna...
Junyan Bai*, Jingyun Li, Yu Chen, Zhihao Dong, Youbing Yang and Ying Lei
...of sheep GH gene and to analyze the correlation of genetic polymorphic sites with growth traits. The results showed that AA, AB and BB genotypes were detected in exon II of GH gene in the six sheep populations. The highest frequencies of AB genotype detected in Mongolia sheep, Small-tailed han sheep, Tong sheep, Lanzhou large-tailed sheep and Henan large-tailed Han sheep were 0.375, 0.531, 0.545, 0.350 and 0.596, respectivel...
Xiaopeng Tang1*, Kangning Xiong1 and Rejun Fang2*
...ession in injured intestinal epithelial cells....
Thobela Louis Tyasi1*, Lebo Trudy Rashijane1, Kwena Mokoena1, Kagisho Madikadike Molabe1, Madumetja Cyril Mathapo1, Victoria Rankotsan Hlokoe1, Lebelo Joyceline Selala1, Masixole Maswana1 and Lubabalo Bila2
...Pearson correlation and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for analysis. Correlation results indicated that egg weight had a statistical significant correlation (P < 0.05) with egg quality traits. Egg weight displayed a positive highly significant correlation with EL (0.82), AW (0.67) and SW (0.62), respectively. The findings suggest that EL, AW and SW might be used in selection to improve EW of Potchefstroom Koekoek ...
Ahmed M. Darwish1*, Hassan R. Darwish1, Dalia M. Mabrouk1, Mohamed A. Abdelhafez1, Ahmed M. Abdel-Salam2, Ibrahim E. Mohamed3, Ibrahim M. Farag1
... described as the functional genes for milk yield and milk composition. This study aims to identify different genotypes of β-LG and LEP genes associated with milk composition in Zaraiby and Damascus goats. 80 samples of blood and milk were collected from farm animals in Sakha, Egypt. The potential of hydrogen (pH), fat, protein, lactose, and solid not fat (SNF) were determined by biochemical methods in all milk samples. Different genotypes of β-LG an...
Abida Shehzadi*, Muhammad Shafique and Ahmad Ali Shahid
...TR) haplotype diversity analysis of 143 healthy unrelated male individuals from Jat population of Pakistan. Seventeen Y-STR loci were simultaneously amplified through AmpFISTR®YfilerTM PCR amplification kit. Evaluation of statistical parameters for forensic importance revealed in recognition of 124 unique haplotypes with diversity value of 0.996. Locus DYS385a/b demonstrated highest power of discrimination, polymorphism ...
Kafeel Ahmad*, Muhammad Siqaf, Gul-E-Rana Abid, Ramla Somayya and Umama Qasim
...that causes gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of current study was to analyse production of extended spectrum beta lactamases and metallo beta-lactamases in E. coli isolated from fish. Fifty E. coli isolates recovered from fish samples were screened phenotypically for extended spectrum beta lactamases and metallo beta-lactamases production by disc diffusion method using the antibiotics cefotaxime (30 µg), ceftazidime ...
Seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Punjab, Pakistan
Nadeem Raza1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Ali Ahmed Sheikh2, Muhammad Usman1*, Quratulain Mujahid3, Muhammad Zahid Iqbal1 and Muhammad Rizwan4
... January 2021. A questionnaire was used to collect data regarding potential risk factors like gender, age and tick infestation. Serological examination revealed the positive percentage of B. burgdorferi sensu lato in camels was 2.47% (10/405). Risk factor analysis showed that gender, age and tick infestation are significantly (p < 0.05) associated with occurrence of borreliosis in camel...
Nahla Hamada Magd Khalil1*, Ihab Mahmoud Helal2, El-Desoky Hassan Ibrahim Dorrah1, Soad Ahmed Soliman Ismail3
...Egypt. The samples were analyzed for detection of organochlorine pesticide residues (OCP) by gas chromatography. The results revealed presence of different types of OCP residues (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), chlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), Alderin, Dieldrin, Heptachlor, Heptachlor epoxide, Alpha hexachlorocyclohexanes (αHCH), Gamma hexachlorocyclohexanes (γHCH), Endosulfan and Gamma chlordane (&...
Dwi Budiono1,5, Ratih Rinendyaputri2, Ariyani Noviantari2, Mokhamad Fahrudin3, Ni Luh Putu Ika Mayasari4, Vista Budiariati1,6, Diah Nugrahani Pristihadi1,3, Noer Muhamad Dliyaul Haq1, Arief Boediono3*
...n of glycogen synthase kinase 3. The purpose of this study was to increase the blastocyst rate and quality of parthenogenetic embryos as a source of pESC primary colonies. Fertilized embryos as positive control group. Diploid parthenogenetic embryos were divided into three treatment groups: CHIR99021 0 mmol/l, CHIR99021 0.003 mmol/l, and CHIR99021 0.01 mmol/l. The embryonic stem cell (ESC) primary colonies were cultured from blastocyst stage embryos. The resul...
Laiba Shafique1*, Mahroze Fatima2, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah3, Muhammad Afzal4, Huma Naz5, Saif ur Rehman1 and Qingyou Liu1*
...nned to determine intestinal digestive enzymes activity and bone mineralization of Ctenopharyngodon idella. Four type food were prepared by using formic acid (%) and vitamin D3 (IU/Kg) in experiment viz, FD1, FD2, FD3 and FD4, respectively. Fish fed with formic acid showed considerable increase in calcium, magnesium potassium, however vitamin D3considerably increase iron and manganese contents (µg/g) in the bones of C. idella. Amylase and protease activi...
Xian Zhang1, Erjiang Lin1, Shizhe Hong1 and Zhengjie Zhu2*
Arab Khan Lund1*, Atta Hussain Shah2, Gul Bahar Khaskheli2, Mool Chand Malhi3, Ahmed Sultan Jatoi4, Abdul Samad Mangsi5 and Asad Ali Khaskheli6
...of heating and time combinations (63°C/30min; T1, 72°C/15sec; T2 and 100.17°C/10min; T3) on physical and chemical characteristics of camel milk. The physical characteristics; pH value, acidity, specific gravity, viscosity (cP) and chemical constituents; ash, casein number (CN), non-casein (NCN), whey protein nitrogen (WPN) and whey protein denaturation (WPD) were significantly (p<0.05) varied at different heat...
Aml M. Ragab1*, Maha R. Basyoni1, Enas A.I. Khoris2, Nadia A. Abd Elghany3
...B. cereus isolates were analyzed for antibiotic susceptibility. A lab trial was conducted for two weeks using 60 Tilapia fish were divided into three equal groups, (1): kept as control negative, (2): infected intraperitoneally with (0.1ml) 8×107 (CFU/ ml/ fish) B. cereus on 1st day, (3) infected I/P intraperitoneally with (0.1ml) 8×107 (CFU/ml/fish) B. cereus on the first day and treated with erythromycin (sensitive antibiotic) on at day 5 (100 mg ...
Azra*, Muhammad Awais, Alam Khan and Muhammad Shoaib
... attempt of econometric analysis of the investment situation in Pakistan for the period 1990-2017. The variables including domestic credit, national savings, lagged investment (IV), imports, and the real exchange rate were found to be the major factors affecting investment in Pakistan. Among all, the savings coefficient is positive and insignificant because of savings in Pakistan had no he...
Nabila Khan1, Imran Ahmad2 and Muhammad Bilal Sadiq1*
... be utilized as a functional food ingredient, and natural preservative.
...
Adnan Ihsan*, Najeeb Ullah, Muhammad Usman, Syed Fahad Shah, Misbahullah, Riaz Hussain and Jawad Sarwar
...n is rich with entomo-fauna but very little is known about genus Enicospilus due to lack of taxonomic work and expertise. Based on recent collected specimens of Enicospilus from District Swat Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, the species Enicospilus adustus and Enicospilus ramidulus are newly recorded for the fauna of Pakistan. Morphological descriptions and digital images of the recorded species are provided....
Sajad Ali1*, Naeem Ur Rehman Khatak1, Shahab E. Saqib2 and Saleem ur Rehman1
...pact of farmers’ tenancy status on wheat productivity in selected districts of Central Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. In this context, 350 wheat growers were purposively selected with 150 landowners and 200 tenants in the study area. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed. Furthermore, to estimate wheat productivity, differences in wheat productivity and socio-economic factors between owner and ten...
Thobela Louis Tyasi1*, Lubabalo Bila2, Nkgaugelo Kgasago3, Siza Mthi4
...ts have been used as a management tool to predict live body weight, feedstuff consumptions and carcass parameters in farm animals at lesser costs with a high relative accuracy and consistency. This research was performed at the University of Limpopo experimental farm (Syferkuil) to examine the effect of sex on the interrelationship between body weight and linear body measurements in South African non-descript goat kids. A total of 46 new-born South African non...
Alaa Jaheen*, Noha Salem, Mohamed El-sherif
...a complete physical examination. Blood samples were collected for hematological profile and estimation of serum concentration of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), C-reactive protein (CRP), serum zinc, copper concentrations, total protein, albumin, globulin values, triglycerides, and cholesterol concentrations. The most consistent hematological alteration was elevated eosinophils in eczema-affected horses. The oxidant-antioxidant status s...
Wael Felefel1*, Mohamed EL-Beskawy2, M. F. El -Dakroury3, Mohamed Morsi Elkamshishi4, Eman Sayed Mohammed5
... Doramectin injection on naturally infested dogs with hard ticks. Forty five stray dogs with age above 6 months were collected from Alexandria governorate with heavy or moderate ticks infestation. The captured dogs were divided into 3 groups, each group includes 15 dogs, and categorized as follows; group (1): (Positive control group), group (2): (Doramectin injected group), and group (3): (topical Fipronil group). It was observed that the overall complete cura...
Ibrahim Samir Abd El-Hamid1*, Wafaa Adel Abd Fouda1, Hesham Attia Shedeed1, Safaa Ali Mostafa1, Ahmed Mohamed Elbaz2, Salah Abo Bakr2, Baliegh Hamdy Mosa1, Ali Saber Morsy1, Amal Mohamed Hasan1, Khamis Refaay Emam3
...oe rabbits under North Sinai conditions. Forty-five Hi-Plus doe rabbits aged 5 months and body weight with an average of 3060.2±21.0 g were used from June to September 2020. Does were randomly divided into three equal groups, n= 15 for each group. The 1st treatment (Tr1), served as control. The 2nd treatment (Tr2), received 5 g of microalgae N. oculata / kg basal diet. The 3rd treatment (Tr3), received 10 g of microalgae N. oculata /kg basal diet during...
Mona M. Osman1, Kamelia M. Osman2, Manal Abu Elmakarem Mohamed1, Mahmoud E. Hashad2, Jeeser Alves Almeida3, Alaa Saad4, Octavio Luiz Franco5,6, Heba N. Deif 2*
...tential virulence determinants viz H2S production and catalase activity, for their possible roles in biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance and hemolytic activity of M. ovipneumoniae. The recovered sheep isolates of M. arginini and M. ovipneumoniae were examined bacteriologically and by PCR using Mycoplasma species-specific primers. MIC testing of the axenic isolates showed that 19 of them were 100% susceptible to tulathromycin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline...
Mubashar Ahmad, Roheela Yasmeen*, Aisha Waheed Qurashi, Muhammad Hassan Ali Shah
...d availability of contaminated food. To save animals formation of Zoos is years old practice. The animals are placed in captivity for recreation, education and economic benefits. The physical needs of animals are even met in captivity however the conditions of confinement and exposure to humans can result in physiological stress. The stress response consists of the suite of hormonal and physiological reactions which are help...
Tehseen Ali Jilani1*, Muhammad Saleem Jilani2, Javeria Sherani3, Kashif Waseem2, Muhammad Sohail Khan2, Hasnain Saleem3, Abdul Manan2, Rashid Jawad2 and Sami Ullah4
...Season 1, the genotype Minarellet proved to be early maturing by taking lesser number of days to flower initiation (55.48 days) followed by Rando and Coronado. Statistically maximum variability was shown by Climax and Green feast for plant height (81.33 and 80.77 cm), number of pods plant-1 (18.64 and 17.77), weight of pods plant-1 (51.74 and 50.89 g), pod length (11.09 and 11.31 cm), pod width (2.51 and 2.31 cm), number of ...
Waqar Khan1, Muhammad Atif Khan1, Waseem Abbas1, Muhammad Shakeel1, Hammad Uddin2 and Bismillah Shah1*
...f two species, Exitianus nanus (Distant) and Exitianus indicus (Distant) in the region. Their morphological descriptions, an identification key, and photographs are given. Specimens of all examined materials are deposited at the department of Entomology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan....
Ibrarul-Haq* and Malik Muhammad Shafi
...elf-administered questionnaires. The study has employed multiple regression model to estimate the relationship amongst the variables. The empirical estimation indicates that all variables except household’s size and agriculture land holding have shown positive and significant influence on income from the NTFP’s. Household’s size and agricultural landholding were found negatively associated with household’s income from the NTFP’s. ...
Asim Faraz1*, Bernard Faye2, Cem Tirink3, Ayman Balla Mustafa4, Amal AlKharusi5, Morteza Bitaraf Sani6, Nasir Ali Tauqir7, Muhammad Arslan Akbar8, Muhammad Usman Saleem9, Rana Muhammad Bilal7, Abdul Waheed1, Muhammad Shahid Nabeel10
...effective reproductive management tool to use the available rutting bull in the seasonal breeder She-camels to shorten the age at puberty and calving interval and to get the offspring at desired time.
Novelty Statement | Due to climatic change, global warming issues and feed scarcity issues the camel will be the animal of future. But the camel production also ...
Saima Naz1*, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha2, Sajjad Ali2 and Muhammad Irfan Ullah3
...living organisms. Additionally, pollutants coming from traffic smoke also affect the interaction of insects with other insects and plants. Exposure of toxic level of heavy metals can cause DNA damage, learning, sensory disability and memory deficit. Major portion of insects have malformed growth and mortality rate affected by heavy metals, mainly with the exposure of pesticides. On the oth...
Muhammad Ali Raza1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Kamran Ashraf2, Muhammad Muddassir Ali3, Kumayl Hassan Akhtar4 and Nazia Rubab5
...rporate sector, professionals for animal welfare and human health, and environmental safety. A survey was conducted through questionnaire distribution among 1000 literate persons who could easily read English i.e. physicians, veterinarians, lawyers, livestock farmers, managers and other literate stakeholders. This survey comprised of a variety of questio...
Uzochukwu Ephraim Emeto, Chukwuemeka Calistus Okolo* and Nwakaego Ernestina Nweze
...rrence, risk-factors and nature of cestodiasis and nematodiasis of horses at Obollo-Afor southeastern Nigeria were investigated. Horses billed for slaughter were randomly selected (N = 304) for sampling. About 5grams of faeces and 2ml of blood were collected from each horse into labeled containers for faecal floatation test and haematocrit determination. Gender and body condition scores (BCS) of horses were noted, while age ...
Basanta Kumar Adhikari1*, Deepak Subedi1*, Sumit Jyoti1, Krishna Kaphle2, Chet Narayan Kharel3, Doj Raj Khanal4
... justify;">A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in the Rupandehi and Palpa districts of Nepal. A total of 89 goat serum samples were tested by using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) for the presence of antibodies against Mycoplasma capricolum capripneumoniae. Out of the total serum sample tested, 3 were seropositive for CCPP giving an overall...
Ouedraogo Oumar1,2, Tianhoun Denté Fidèle2,4*, Séré Modou3, Kaboré Adama2, Tamboura H. Hamidou2 and Belem Adrien Marie Gaston4
...ons. The results of the analysis of the data collected during these inspections revealed that 1,716 cattle of local breeds, consisting of 875 females and 841 males, were slaughtered and checked by the veterinary inspection officers. At post-mortem inspection, 30 cattle were found to have tuberculosis, giving an overall prevalence of 1.75%. This prevalence showed no significant difference (P˃0.05) between breeds, sex, age an...
Bridget Adah1*, Clara Kwanashie2, Haruna Kazeem2 and Samuel Mailafia1
...ine leptospirosis in Kaduna State, Nigeria predicated this study. The research was conducted to isolate Leptospira species from pigs. The organisms were isolated using Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris (EMJH) enrichment and basal medium, and identified using dark field microscopy. A total of two hundred (200) blood samples and two hundred (200) urine samples each were collected from pigs in Kaduna state, Nigeria. A tota...
Manish Gautam1*, Pravakar Kattel2 and Krishna Kaphle3
...ch was said to have originated from Zambia in Africa. LSD can be transmitted by both the vector and non-vector routes and is mainly seen in the rainy season. It mainly affects cattle and buffalo manifesting nodules in skin and mucous membrane with a high fever. Since the first report of this disease from the Morang district of Nepal in 2020, the disease has been spreading in various parts of the country. Cattle are comparatively more affected in Nepal than buf...
Rasha Ali Taha Hamza1, Atef Saad Osheba1, Hassan Mohamed Sobhy2, Sahar Hussein Abdalla Hekal2*
...ce of protein but unfortunately it vulnerable to lipid oxidation and many pathogens, which carry the risk for human health. The aim of this work is to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities as well as total phenolic and flavonoids contents in both water and ethanolic extracts of galangal and sumac extracts. Also, the effect of previous extracts on quality attributes of beef burger was evaluated. The ethanolic extracts of both galangal and sumac...
Assessment on Coffee Cherry Flour of Mengani Arabica Coffee, Bali, Indonesia as Iron Non-Heme Source
Roy Hendroko Setyobudi1, Erkata Yandri2, Yogo Adi Nugroho3, Mardiana Sri Susanti4,
Satriyo Krido Wahono5, Wahyu Widodo1, Lili Zalizar1, Elfi Anis Saati1, Maftuchah Maftuchah1,
Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum6, Muhannad Illayan Massadeh6, Dwi Yono3, Rangga Kala Mahaswa7,
Herry Susanto2, Damat Damat1*, Dyah Roeswitawati1, Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani8 and
Susi Mindarti1
...using a coffee grinder. Analyses on Mengani’s CCF and La Boite’s comprised Fe content (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer) as well as five enhancer agents – vitamin C (Iodimetric titration), beta carotene (UV-Vis spectrophotometer), amino acid (amino acid analyzer), and reducing sugars (colorimetric method). Utilizing descriptive statistics, the research is presented in box-plot, with ...
Muhammad Asif1*, Ahmad Ali Shahid1,2 and Nasir Ahmad3
Muhammad Tahir Latif1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Ayesha Latif2, Majid Hamid Bajwa1, Iftikhar Ahmad1, Ali Zohaib1, Naeem Faisal1 and Muhammad Hamza3
...ility and profitability analysis of mechanically transplanted rice (MTR) in comparison to conventional manual transplanting (CT). Convenience and snow-ball non probability sampling method was used due to less adoption rate of MTR with a sample size of 240. Among targeted MTR growers 72% had 6-row riding type mechanical transplanters (MT), 18% had 4-row walk after type MT and 10% had 8-row riding type MT. Super Basmati and PK...
Arshad Farooq1, Muhammad Ishaq2, Abdul Hassan1, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan3 and Asif Nawaz3*
... improved agricultural management techniques. Out of 203 subscribers (beneficiary farmers), sixty farmers were interviewed through interview schedule. Knowledge index was used for measuring farmers’ knowledge level. The study revealed that application of mobile phones decreased the communication gap (88%) between the farmers and agricultural extension department. The agricultural advisory services provided through mobile phones have improved the knowledg...
Didiek Hadjar Goenadi1,2*, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi3,4, Erkata Yandri3,4, Kiman Siregar5,6, Aris Winaya7, Damat Damat7, Wahyu Widodo7, Ahmad Wahyudi7, Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani4,8,
Maizirwan Mel9, Ivar Zekker10, Muhammad Zul Mazwan7, Devi Dwi Siskawardani7,
Endang Dwi Purbajanti11 and Ida Ekawati12
...], rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), and sunflower (Helianthus L). Relatively affordable in price, palm oil is in high demand in Asia. Further than a food source, Crude Palm Oil also serves as feedstock for biodiesel – an environmentally friendly renewable energy. In Indonesia, the palm oil industry plays an essential role in the national economy. However, negative issues i...
Yunilas Yunilas1*, Nurzainah Ginting1, Tri Hesti Wahyuni1, Muhammad Zahoor2, Nelzi Fati3 and
Ahmad Wahyudi4
...husks can be used as ruminant animal feed, but its utilization as animal feed is not optimal. The application of silage feed technology using local microorganism additives is expected to improve the physical quality of silage feed. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding local microorganisms (MOL) and fermentation time on the physical quality of corn straw silage. This study used a completely randomized design, factorial 3 × 3 with three repli...
Bambang Yudi Ariadi1*, Rahayu Relawati1, Barbara Szymoniuk2 and Waris Ali Khan3
...ice. This study aims to analyze the influence of product attributes, psychography, and demography on the purchase of organic vegetables, product attributes, demography, and purchase to the willingness to pay (WTP) for organic vegetables . The research was conducted in East Java, Indonesia, in May 2021, based on an online survey through social media. Questionnaires were filled by 95 respondents who met the requirements. Data ...
Syarif Husen1*, Devi Dwi Siskawardani2, Setiawan Deny Rexmardi1, Erny Ishartati1, Muhidin Muhidin1, Jumpen Onthong3 and Ivar Zekker4
...ebiggestchallenge isthe unavailability of astrategichorticulturalcommodityintendedforcrop productioninIndonesia,essentialforfooddiversification.However,potato productivityin Indonesiaisconsideredlow (15tha–1)comparedto high-qualitypotatoseedsplantedby thefarmers.Inincreasingpotatoproductivity,innovativetechnologyinpotatoseed productionintubersorseedscu...
Md. Taimur Islam1*, Mirza Mienur Meher2, Anas Bin Harun3 and Md. Golam Haider1
... the growth of the sustainable poultry industry in the country. Among these diseases, respiratory diseases are the foremost hazard to sustainable poultry production in Bangladesh. Avian influenza (AI), Newcastle disease (ND), infectious bronchitis (IB), infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT), Avian Metapneumovirus (AMPV), infectious coryza, fowl cholera and aspergillosis are the most prevalent respiratory diseases in Bangladesh....
Judith Kiptoo1*, Daniel Mutisya2, Paul Ndegwa1, Ruth Amata3, Lucy Irungu4 and Rotich Godfrey5
...rans. Factor regression analysis results showed that modest rainfall amounts favoured high density populations of PPNs on citrus roots where soil types of Rackers in Baringo and Luvisols, Ferralsols and Cambisols in Machakos County were dominant. Tylenchulus, Meloidogyne and Helicotylenchus species were most abundant in Kitale, Taita-Taveta, Kilifi and Kwale. The results presented here show how possible population density of...
Eman Alsayed Hammad and Atef Mohamed El-Sagheer
...pathogens in most Pomegranate cultivation regions. By studying the structure of the plant-parasitic nematodes community inhabiting the rhizosphere of Pomegranate fields, it was found that Meloidogyne is the most common genus and harmful one. So, the efficacy comparative of Chitosan, Marjoram emulsion oil, Trichoderma asperellum, and Vermicompost as alternative eco-friendly control agents f...
Mirtneh Akalu1,2*, Takele Abayneh2, Esayas Gelaye2, Behailu Tefera2, Teferi Degefa2, Vemulapati Bhadra Murthy1
...25 to 104 kDa. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay confirmed that the immune response was significantly increased in both single-dose and booster-dose immunized groups as compared to calves in the control group. Calves in booster-dose group reach its peak geometric mean (GM) log10 HI antibody titer (3.46 ± 0.06) at the 42nd day. Whereas calves in the single-dose immunized group reach the peak GM 1og10 HI titer (2.79 ± 0.13) at day 28th post im...
Md. Serajul Islam1,2, Hongxin Wang1,2,*, Amer Ali Mahdi1, Mohamed Ismael Ahamed2, Zaixiang Lou1 and Fu An Wei3
...es to improve the functional food properties. ...
Weidong Huang1,2,3, Xinyue Liang1,2,3, Xiufeng Xie4, Xingmin Wang2, 3 and Xiaosheng Chen1,2,3*
...nsive genetic diversity analyses and phylogenetic relationships within seventeen different phenotypes of elytral color patterns in Menochilus sexmaculatus based on two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and II (COII), and two nuclear genes, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CAD) and histone subunit 3 (H3). Results indicated the average genetic distance was 0.005 among the different elytral forms of M. sexmaculatus based on combined dataset, ...
Jiang Wu*
...uents of Taraxacum officinale against foodborne pathogens. A total of 133 retail meat products were randomly purchased from different supermarkets. All samples were isolated and identified by conventional methods as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. Different bacteria were respectively inoculated into LB medium, the OD600 was adjusted to 0.5, and the initial bacterial concentrati...
Maria Qibtia1, Sehrish Faryal1, Muhammad Wasim1, Farzana Chowdhary1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Ahmed Mansovuri2, Zeeshan Ahmed2, Muhammad Hamid3 and Ali Raza Awan1,*
...Pakistani patients. Our analysis has evaluated the association between the development of LNP trait and two common variants in intron 13 and 9 (13910-C/T and 22018-G/A) along with the P-value significance level. Therefore in this study, we aimed to access genetic predisposition and clinical manifestations of LNP and LP in 80 subjects (30 subjects with LP and 50 LNP). The presence of T-13910, C-13913, G-13915, G-13907, C-3712, C-13779, A-13937, G-14009, C-14010...
Dali Wang1,2, Yujing Zhu1,2, Wancai Xia1,2, Mei Zhao1,2,3, Chan Yang1,2 and Dayong Li1,2*
...e vegetation. Like other natural disasters, landslide and debris flows cause a shift in local ecological conditions, which can have profound impacts on the habitat of non-human primates. This study investigated the characteristics of surface vegetation found within the debris field of a landslide and debris flow that occurred in 2008 at Gehuaqing in Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve ten years later. We calculated the surface area of the debris field to be 71672.96 m...
Saied Belal1, Ashraf Albrakati1*, Khalaf Alsharif2, Saad Al-Shehri2, Mohamed Alblihed3, Malik Almuqati4, Anfal Alsharif5, Alaa Albarakati6 and Anas Al-sharif7
...of newborn health and neonatal mortality. This study aims to evaluate the effect of residence at high lands on the anthropometric measurements of newborns in Taif province, Saudi Arabia (high altitude area) to provide guidelines for neonatal assessment in high lands. A cross-sectional study included 1534 newborns in Taif city (2000 to 2400 meters above sea level), Western Province of Saudi...
Noora Hassan Hezam Al-Aqmer1*, Zain Aamir2, Muhammad Farooq Hanif3, Soumble Zulfiqar4, Sibgha Zulfiqar1, Mateen Izhar5 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori4*
...ent length polymorphism analysis. After restriction, samples were run on 2% agarose gel followed by visualization under UV light. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS 24. We found that the distribution of ApaI genotypes was 28 (42.4%), 27 (40.9%), and 11 (16.7%) for the genotypes AA, Aa, and aa in responders and 22 (33.3%), 26 (39.4%), and 18 (27.3%) in non-responders. The allelic distribution was 83 (62.9%) and 49 (37.1%) ...
Mubasshir Sohail*, Qadeer Ahmed Soomro, Raza Muhammad, Muhammad Usman Asif and Imran Rauf
...gy and integrated pest management. The study was aimed to evaluate cellulolytic activity which was detected in the gut of mango mealybug, (Drosicha stebbingi). Initially, cellulolytic activity was detected from crude proteins using substrate-agar plate assay and laterally confirmed by endoglucanase assay. Enzyme activity measured using the glucose standard curve was 725 U/ml after acetone precipitation. Thermal stability and...
Man-Seok Shin1, Hyun-Ju Cho2 and Eun-Jae Lee3*
... output can help guide management of nuisance egret and heron rookeries in urban forests of Daejeon Metropolitan City, Korea. This study examined 126 locations regarded as breeding sites of egrets and herons at the nationwide census conducted by the National Institute of Environmental Research between 2019 and 2020. In addition, 252 randomly selected locations were used to identify the sig...
Rashid Al Zeidi1, Haitham Al Masruri2, Aiman Al Mufarji3*, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed3
...lop during fetal and postnatal periods through several distinct phases and they release their matured ova upon puberty. Oocytes surrounded by a single layer of pregranulosa follicular cells are called primordial follicles and they remain dormant in the meiotic prophase I stage. Activation of primordial follicles initiate through pregranulosa follicular cells. The primordial follicle takes several months to grow and develop to preovulatory follicles in mammals....
Aiman Al Mufarji, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed*
...M. oleifera leaves were analyzed for chemical composition, sugar and fatty acid profiles and undetected pesticides residues and its effect on modulation of blood and plasma parameters of ewes in subtropics. Twenty seven Naimi ewes, 51.3 ± 2.70 kg body weight and aged 2.5 - 3.0 years, were randomly allocated to three equal groups (nine/group) as control and M. oleifera groups (25 & 50.0 g daily). Blood samples were collected and were subjected to a
Anis Suraya Mohamad Abir1, Sakinah Yusof1, Abd Rahaman Yasmin1,2, Abdul Rahman Omar1,3, Kok Lian Ho4, Wen Siang Tan1,5, Abdul Razak Mariatulqabtiah1,6*
... and FWPV and its recombinant viruses are limited compared to other avian viral infectious diseases. Therefore, this study characterised the response of chBM-DCs to infection with the wild-type (WT) FP9 strain of FWPV compared to a recombinant FWPV carrying the H5 gene of avian influenza virus (rFWPV-H5) using morphological and immunophenotypical observations. The results showed that the rFWPV-H5-infected chBM-DCs formed bet...
De Hu, Jia Wang, Huan Wang, Xiang-Yang Leng, Tian-Yi Zhao* and Shu-Min Wang*
...t (FP) of Calvatia lilacina on gastric ulcer, fifty mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (10 mice per group), namely control (normal saline), model (normal saline), ranitidine group (0.03 g/kg) and FP groups (1 and 2 g/kg). Stress gastric ulcer was induced by water-immersion and restraint stress (WIRS) after 10 days of drug administration. To observe the histopathological changes of gastric mucosa. the activities of peps...
Shuhuan Li1*, Yongheng Bo2, Youzhi Li3 and Xiuzhen Yang2
...nticholinergic drug from natural plants, and has been widely used in the clinical applications of animals and humans. However, in livestock production, excessive or improper use of atropine will lead to atropine residues in meat. When people eat animal meat from these sources, it will pose a potential threat to human health. Thus, in production practice, atropine residues in meat are usually determined quantitatively. In this study, high performance liquid chr...
Muhammad Anwar Ul Haq1*, Tariq Mukhtar1, Muhammad Inam-ul-Haq1 and Azeem Khalid2
...varieties of eggplant, Janak and Pala were found resistant and moderately resistant to M. incognita respectively. Fifteen varieties/lines viz. EP-972, Kokila F1, EP-950, EP-906, Jhansi F1, Adv-301, KHBR-201, KHBR-202, KHBR-203, KHBR-204, EP-900, 2016, KHBR-205, EP-966 and Sultan were found susceptible while four genotypes namely Nirala, Dilnasheen, Wer and Bemisal showed highly susceptible...
M.A. Salam1,*, Sarada Kanta Bhagabati1, Rajdeep Datta1, H. Ramananda Singh2 and Gunajit Oinam2
... Puntius sophore and Channa orientalis was found to be highly abundant. The recorded six orders comprised namely, Cypriniformes, Siluriformes, Anabantiformes, Perciformes, Gobiiformes and Synbranchiformes. The Cypriniformes formed one of the most dominant order as compared to all other orders recorded in the present study comprising of 52 % of the total ...
Qiong Xiang1, Jing-Jing Li1, Qian Zhang1,3, Rong-Bo Tian1 and Xian-Hui Li1,2*
...ry firstly; and then we analysed the expression of SSTR2 protein in DRGs after injecting Carrageenan, the inflammation-induced reagent into the mouse left-hind paw(Ipsilateral-side). Compared with the SSTR2 in normal right -hind paw(contralateral-side) DRGs. The variation of SSTR2 protein expression is fast, because about 15 min after injection the significant up-regulated expression of the SSTR2 proteins are found in inflam...
Zaniar A. Abas1, Mohammed Omer Baba Sheikh2,5*, Hardi N. Aziz3, Omed I. Abid4
...o be positive. Sequence analysis showed two CPV-2c, six new CPV-2b, and ten new CPV-2a variants. In the CPV-2 studied, several unique and existing mutations have been discovered, indicating the emergence of CPV-2c variation in Iraq. Genetic differentiation study based on the genetic variation on the VP2 gene has shown that (CPV-2/Sul) strain belongs to new CPV-2b and CPV-2c, however, the (CPV-2/Erbil & CPV-2/krk) strains belong to new CPV-2a. A Phylo...
Serdar Bektas* and Ozer Ayik
...tal infection with Aeromonas salmonicida, in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was performed. In order to compare the daily alterations of the hematological parameters and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, blood samples were taken 1,3,7,14 and 21 days after the infection. Total red blood cell values, were significantly decreased in 7 and 21th day, a significant decrease in hemoglobin concentration noted only in t...
Haroon1, Chen-Xu Ye1, Yu-Xin Li1, Hong-Xin Zhang1, Qing Liu1, Xiao-Hong Su1,2,3 and Lian-Xi Xing1,2,3,*
...est University, Xian, China, from May 2018 to June 2019. After the inaugural colonies foundation, imagoes started egg-laying during 30-40 days. The hatching ratio increased gradually during the time. The femal+male (FM) worker reproductive (ergatoids) colonies were reported significantly (p<0.005) in egg-laying and chambers making than primary reproductives (imagoes). The morphological measurement shows that the swarmer a...
Wei Cui1, Yanwei Du1, Lijuan Jiang1, Yan Wei1, Yuguo Li1, Wenfeng Zhang1* and Ling Zhang2*
...HD) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine prescription, which has the functions of benefit qi, activing blood circulation and dredging collaterals. To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of BHD on hippocampal neurons in diabetes, a high glucose (HG) induced PC12 cell injury model was established, cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected. The protein expression levels were detected by western blot. Rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus were f...
Luke Chukwudi Ali*, Nnanna Ephraim Ikeh, Bright Chigozie Amaefule, Amarachi Linda Obinna, Ndubuisi Samuel Machebe
...3 times using a one-way analysis of variance in a completely randomized design (CRD). Water and feed were made available ad-libitum to the bucks. Diets containing 0, 15, 30 and 45% DCSM were compounded and fed to bucks in T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Prior to semen collection, rabbit bucks were trained three times per week for semen collection with an artificial vagina (AV). At the end of the 10 weeks, semen collection a...
Ahlam G. Khalifa1*, Walaa A. Moselhy1, Hanaa M. Mohammed2 and Khaled Abdou1
...logical investigation of nanopesticides against a non-target model organism, the rat, will be a great way to learn more about how nanopesticides interact with the environmental and biological systems. Few studies on the genotoxicity of subchronic oral exposure to nano pesticides have been published. Male albino rats have been randomly divided into 4 identical groups. Group (I) had received...
Yang Yang1,2, Hong Zhou3, Ji Shao1,2, Xinyi Zhang1,2, Pengpeng Xia1,2, Mingxu Zhou4,5, Qiangde Duan1,2 and Guoqiang Zhu1,2*
...asion towards the intestinal porcine enterocyte cells (IPEC-J2) were reduced significantly, and the cytotoxicity decreased. The results of RT-PCR showed that in F18ab△hcp1, the flagella gene flic and type I fimbriae fimA were significantly down-regulated. In conclusion, hcp1 gene of F18 STEC is related to flagella expression, bacterial adherence, invasion, and secretion of Stx2e toxin. T6SS hcp1 is proved to be closely involved in the pathogenesis of F18 STE...
Yuechen Li1, Yumo Li1, Xuefeng Zhuang1, Guangfu Lv2, Xiaowei Huang1, Zhe Lin1, Yuchen Wang1* and He Lin1*
...n: justify;">Oviductus ranae (OR), the dried oviduct of mature female Rana dybowskii, also known as Hamayou and Hashimayou, is a famous animal derived traditional Chinese medicine that have a variety of pharmacological effects. In our study, the anti-aging effect of OR on 53-week-old aging mice was investigated. The results showed that OR could significantly shorten the desti
Nkiru E. Ekechukwu, Felicia N. Ekeh, Chinenye M. Ohanu, Hope C. Ezinwa and Ifeanyi Oscar N. Aguzie*
...tacts and disease dissemination. We assumed that understanding the diversity of insect fauna might help to shade light on vector insect-borne diseases, prevalence and transmission rates in abattoir communities. Here we randomly selected three (Orba, Ikpa, and Obollo-afor) abattoirs in Enugu senatorial zone and surveyed for insect fauna abundance, diversi...
Momotaz Khanom*, Sheikh Mustafizur Rahman, Muhammad Yousuf Ali, Md. Shahin Parvez, Al-Hasan Antu, Md. Nazmul Ahsan
... great attention due to inadequate supply and inconsistent price. The present study evaluated the effects of early introduction of formulated feed as a substitute for live feed on growth performances of Asian stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis larvae reared in laboratory conditions. Three-day-old larvae hatched through induced breeding (2.0±0.00016 mg; 0.57±0.09cm) were subjected to four feeding treatments in triplicates (100 larvae/aquari...
Seun Eui Kim1,2*, Myoung-Hoon Lee1, Hye Myoung Jang2, Garam Park2, Wan-Taek Im3, Gwang Joo Jeon2,4*
...f 17 genes in related signaling pathways was analyzed to determine the potential of CK as an anticancer agent for neuroblastoma. For the study of human neuroblastoma, SK-N-MC cells were studied. IC50 values were 33.06 μM and at 40 μM and 60 μM of CK, the wound coverage rates were 11.5% and 0.5%, indicating the cell migration was strongly inhibited. Among the apoptosis-related genes of BAK1, caspase -3, -8, -9, and -...
Wafaa M.A. Ghoneem*, Muhammad M. Shaklouf, Ali M. Ali and Mohammed H. Bakr
...duct (LAFP) commercially named (Culbac®) on nutrients digestibility, milk yield and composition, blood biochemistry and immune system response of the animals. Culbac® was added at 0, 10 and 20g/h/d in G1 (control), G2 and G3, respectively. Digestion coefficients of the most nutrients and nutritive value did not significantly (P<0.05) differ between G2 and G1. However, G3 recorded lower values. WBCs, RBCs, Ht, Hb, lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, e...
Tabassum Ara Khanum, Nasir Mehmood* and Shahina Fayyaz
...an, several soil sample analysis revealed one new and one known free-living soil nematode species, Neorhabditis andrassyii n. sp., and Poikilolaimus oxycercus which represents a new record of this species from Pakistan. Neorhabditis andrassyii n. sp. is characterized by having male (1109-1222) µm long body, spicules 32-44 µm long, gubernaculum slightly curved, boat shaped with flat distal end eight pairs of bursa...
Amreen Zahra1, Mushtaq A. Saleem1*, Hasnain Javed2 and Muhammad Azmat Ullah Khan3
...especially in developing nations with poor healthcare facilities. Owing to blood-borne transmission, sharing of needles by the Intravenous Drug Users (IDUs) aggravates the spread of Hepatitis C and AIDS. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), causative of AIDS, mainly leads to reduced immunity provoking increased vulnerability to opportunistic infections such as Hepatitis C virus (HCV). Here, we present co-occurrence of HCV and HIV in male IDUs from four major ci...
Jawad Abdullah Butt1*, Yasmin Nergis1, Ahmad Hussain2 and Mughal Sharif1
... adjacent Block VI were analyzed for their physicochemical and pyrolysis properties with the chemical configuration of coal ashes. The mean moisture content found in both Thar coal blocks (44.28-47.76%) respectively high as a similar volatile matter (31.06-32.54%) and low ash (6.71-6.95%). The mean sulfur percentage in both Thar coal (0.79-1.05%) was also found moderate to low. Mean calorific values (5260-6339 Btu/lb) of local coals show their potential as a f...
Hafiz Liaqat Ali1, Muhammad Tahir Hassan1*, Muftooh Ur Rehman Siddiqi2, Mehwish Arshad1 and Muhammad Mudassar Sharif3
...rch was accomplished to analyze the effect of hydrogen blending on the combustion, emission, and performance aspects of NG EQD210N-20 engines. The engine was run at six different working conditions which are characterized by engine load, engine speed, and hydrogen fractions. The main performance parameters included heat release, mass fraction burned (MFB), power (frictional, effective, indicated), efficiency (mechanical, ind...
Ateeq-Ur-Rauf1*,Wisal Khan1, Muhammad Salman Rafi2 and Nauman Khan3
... warming and abrupt seasonal changes are the current challenging issues across the globe. Precipitation and temperature are two most important climatic factors. Both these climatic parameters seriously affect the water demand and strategies to assure its availability. Pakistan is an agricultural country and its economy, food security and prosperity lies in the best water management of water resources. These facts prompt us t...
Nour H. Abdel-Hamid1*, Walid Elmonir2, Eman I. M. Beleta1, Rania I. Ismail1, Momtaz Shahein1, Mahmoud E. R. Hamdy1
...ucella isolates, as alternative rapid tools for epidemiological tracing and investigation of brucellosis in Egypt. We recovered Brucella isolates (n=29) from different host species and governorates. The isolates were identified by the bacteriological and molecular techniques (AMOS-PCR) as Brucella (B) melitensis biovar 3 (n=24) and B. abortus bv1 (n=5). The ERIC and RAPD primers (ERIC2 and Operon 18/ RAPD4) used in this study created polymorphic band patt...
Hamidur Rahman1*, Asghar Ali Kamboh1, Nazar Ali Korejo2, Atta Muhammad Memon3, Rashid Ali Korejo3, Manzoor Ahmed Chandio1
...rict Sibi, Pakistan and analyzed by competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA), and rose Bengal plate test (RBPT). The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis in camels was observed as 13% and 17% by RBPT and cELISA respectively. The higher prevalence (p < 0.05) found in females (16% and 22%) as compared to males (10% and 12%) by RBPT and cELISA respectively. Camels under 9 years of age, showed relatively higher (p < 0.05) prevalence (15.3% and...
Muhammad Shaheen1* and Abdullah2
... one of the major functionalities that is performed either by predicting the value of unknown class labels on the basis of previously labeled data or to make groups of the dataset on the basis of some implicit similarity measure. Clustering works on unsupervised datasets and converts datasets to groups on the basis of some measures like Euclidean distance in K Means Clustering. The performance of K Means can significantly be affected by outliers. Outliers are ...
Lopamudra Samantaray*, Yashaswi Nayak
...stry fulfils the nutritional gap in many nations at a lower cost than other animal meat sources. Concerns about the extensive use of Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGPs), stimulated consumer demand for antibiotic-free animal yield. We investigated the applicability of the phytobiotic Essential Oils (EOs) and their influence on the overall performance, appetite, and food digestion. We aimed to assess the effects of dietary phyt...
Zhongqing Wang1, Qiuyue Wu1, Ruiling Ye1, Fazul Nabi1,4, Yangfei Shang1, Sarfaraz Ali4 and Juan Liu1,2,3*
...n the quantity of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iIELs), and the IL-6, TNF-α mRNA transcription level in duodenum of diarrheal mice. A total 72 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: control (CG), infection (IG), positive drug (PG), AMP low/middle/high dose (LG/ MG/ HG) groups respectively, (n=12). The mice were induced by diarrhea with E. coli (5×107CFU) via i.p in...
Abdul Majeed1, Zhenlin Liang2, Lixin Zhu2, Chunli Liu2, Muhsan Ali Kalhoro1,* and Faisal Saeed1
...SAT package was used to analyze the growth and mortality rate parameters. The length-weight relationship values for male was W= 0.016xb2.906 (R² = 0.950) and female was W= 0.029xb2.724 (R² = 0.941). The combined data of both sexes were W= 0.021xb2.830 (R² = 0.945). The electronic length-frequency analysis (ELEFAN) method was used to estimate the VBGF parameters, which were L∞ = 39.9 cm (FL), K = 1.6 yr-1...
Jae-Kang Lee, Hyun-Su Hwang, Tae-Kyung Eom, Dong-Ho Lee and Shin-Jae Rhim*
...ation is important for managing wildlife and their habitats. We examined the effects of slope gradient on small rodent populations and their microhabitat conditions from May to November 2015 in a tree-thinned Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) plantation in South Korea. Study animals were captured using Sherman live traps. We surveyed slope gradient and microhabitat conditions at multiple trapping points. We focused on two rodent species for statistical a
Zilu Zhang1, Ning Wang2, Ce Hou1, Laiba Shafique1, Saif ur Rehman1, Zhuyue Wu2, Zhiqiang Wang1, Mingsong Wei3* and Kuiqing Cui1*
Mujahid Tanvir1, Muhammad Asam Riaz1*, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Mazhar Iqbal Zafar2, Muhammad Tariq3 and Muhammad Bilal Tayyab1
...>Mosquitoes are unquestionably the important arthropod vectors of diseases such as malaria, dengue, filariasis and systemic allergic reactions in humans. Southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say is found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and transmits many zoonotic diseases in humans and in wild and domestic animals. It is primarily controlled by the extensive use of conventional synthetic insecticid...
Mei Zhao1,2, Xiaoqin Zeng1, Wancai Xia1, Baoping Ren3,4, Hao Feng1, Fan Wang1, Qihai Zhou5,6* and Dayong Li1,7*
...nhuman primates in their natural habitats are rare. Here, we document our observations of birth processes and related behaviors via scan sampling and focal animal samples during the birth of two infant Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) in 2017. One of the infants was born during diurnal to a multiparous female, while the other one was a nocturna
Zhongxi Zhang1, Ping Zou2*, Jingfang Zhang1, Yujuan Zeng1 and Yujie Tang1
Nausheen Irshad1, Maria Akhter1, Tariq Mahmood2*, Faraz Akrim3, Muhammad Rafique Khan1 and Muhammad Sajid Nadeem4
...cies were collected and analyzed for investigating its diet composition and identification of its prey species. Analysis of scats revealed its diet comprising of both vertebrates and invertebrates along with some proportion of vegetation. The weasel most frequently consumed arthropods (26%), followed by mammals (21%), birds (9 %) and least reptiles (2 %), along with consuming vegetation (23 %). The prey species in the overal...
Samreen Khan*, Salma Javed and Nasira Kazi
..., about 3 times long to anal diameter and with a small, single mucro (1 µm)....
Ikele*, Chika Bright, Ujunwa Aghaji, Mgbenka, Benard Obialo
...recycling offers a sustainable fish productivity with less environmental impact. A 28 days preliminary trial was conducted to evaluate the affect of biofloc technology application on Clarias gariepinus juveniles with emphasis on the growth performance and impact on physiological status. A total of two hundred and seventy juvenile Clarias gariepinus were randomly distributed into six plastic bioreactors groups (A-F) in tripli...
Eman Alsayed Hammad1* and Mahmoud Mohamed Hassanin Hasanin2
...n: justify;">Efficacy of nanoemulsions and emulsions of thyme and spearmint essential oils were examined as an alternative to chemical control for suppressing Meloidogyne javanica and Fusarium oxysporum on coleus plants, Coleus forskohlii in vitro and greenhouse conditions. Nanoemulsions of thyme (droplets size was in the range of 25.4–32.9 nm) and spearmint (droplets size was in the range of 5.91–9.77 nm) at con...
Phassakon Nuntapanich1*, Hathaichanok Nuntapanich2 and Woraman Maicharoen3
...site were collected and analyzed to enhance primary data collection. A semi-structured interview was used for in-depth study in the community. Trapping ponds in paddy fields have developed and transferred from the old generation as local wisdom. It is the tools considering as an appropriate technology, which enables the ecosystem to continually provide services to the farmer (e.g., local food security, household income, surf...
Muhammad Ismail1,*, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1 and Umair Abbas1 and Riaz Hussain2
...hytoextracts are biorational alternates to hazardous synthetic insecticides. This study evaluated the efficacy of aqueous extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), garlic (Allium sativum L.), ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and lime citrus (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle) on the fruits of five citrus cultivars (i.e. bitter orange (Citrus aurantium L.), grapefruit (Citrus p...
Ghassan Zahid1, 2*, Sara Iftikhar3, Muhammad Umer Farooq4 and Shakeel Ahmed Soomro5
...ntry. Apart from traditional cereals cultivation, climatic conditions of Pakistan are feasible and appropriate for the cultivation of temperate, tropical and subtropical fruits. Thus, diverse environmental conditions allow the farmers to cultivate a variety of fruits which ultimately uplifting the burden from traditionally cultivated crops. In recent years, the cultivation and yield of different fruit trees are declining in ...
Gamal Shawki1, Tawfek Mohamed Barakat1, Attia Mohamed Samy2, Ahmed Alhamed AL-Mejren2, Ayman Mesalam1*
...ted using artificial vagina throughout the year. Our results showed a clear monthly differences with higher semen quality (P < 0.05) especially in semen volume, sperm count, livability, and motility during June and July. Similarly, the length, width, height and volume of testes as well as the width of total scrotum were higher (P < 0.05) during August, July and September. Moreover, the number of mounts per ejaculation, reaction time, time to erection, ej...
Md. Enayet Kabir1, Md. Jahangir Alam1*, Md. Mosharaf Hossain2, Zannatul Ferdaushi3
...separately as a conventional feeding system. Cattle in the other two treatment groups were fed TMR, where one fed TMR (TMR1) with control ration and the other fed TMR (TMR2) with the same feed ingredients in the same quantity except probiotic fermented rice straw instead of untreated rice straw of TMR1. The trial lasted ninety days. Feeding of TMR2 improved the growth rate (P<0.05) of fattening cattle compared to others. Furthermore, TMR2 fed cattle had hig...
Tariq Mahmood1*, Shakeela Ismail1, Faraz Akrim2, Muhammad Farooq1, Nadeem Munawar1 and Muhammad Raza Khan1
...grey wolf in Deosai National Park, Pakistan to record how much proportion of its diet comprises of livestock, leading to human-wolf conflict. Field surveys were made on monthly basis from July 2018 to December 2019 for data collection. The distribution of the species was determined by surveying the potential habitats and recording its direct and indirect field signs (such as scats, pug marks, prey remains, hairs), while diet composition was investigated by usi...
Feng Xu, Weijing Fan and Guobin Liu*
...ial cell injury, and to analyze whether the mechanism is related to the regulation ofNEXN-AS1 and miR-410-3p expression. The CCK-8 method was used to detect the toxicity of rutin of different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 μmol/L) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were treated with 100 mg/L ox-LDL for 24 h for establishing HUVECs injury model, and then treated with rutin in different doses. The cell activity and apoptosis ...
Tao Ren1, Guiqiu Cao2, Xiao Han3, Feng Tan1, Qiaoli Chen4, Shicheng Yang5 and Haiyan Zhang6*
...dio-protective effect of naringenin against the I/R induced myocardial injury and elucidate the possible mechanism of action. In vitro studies, the H9c2 cardiomyocytes cells were treated with naringenin or without naringenin and then subjected to I/R, respectively. At end of the experimental study, the rats were anesthetized and blood samples were collected to scrutinize the various parame...
Zahra Jamilah Sabrina1, Adrian Pearl Gunawan2, Beryl Reinaldo Chandra2, Ilham Pangestu Harwoko3, Johannes Marulitua Nainggolan4,Widi Nugroho1*
...enograft from micro-carbonated hydroxyapatite (micro-CHA) and nano-CHA from bovine bone combined with Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) was hypothesized to accelerate fracture healing. This study aimed to characterise micro-CHA and nano-CHA synthesized from bovine bone and analyze their effects as xenografts on fracture healing in Rattus norvegicus models. The ...
Weam Mohamed Baher1, Wageh Sobhy Darwish2*, Abdelazim Elsayed Elhelaly3,4
...monly consumed in Egypt, namely, herrings and sardine. Samples were collected equally from Suez, Ismailia, Damietta, Port Said and Alexandria. The obtained results revealed overall incidence rates of Anisakis larvae in herrings and sardine at 70% and 50%, respectively. The parasite infested mainly (100%) the visceral organs of the positive samples in the two fish species; while infested the muscles in 30% and 10% of herrings and sardine, respectively. The high...
Mudassar Jehan1, Masroor Ahmed Bajwa2, Mohammad Masood Tariq2, Asim Faraz3*, Abdul Samaad2, Jameel Ahmad1 and Yousaf Hassan Barozai2
Amjed Ali1, Muhammad Tayyab1*, Abu Saeed Hashmi2, Asif Nadeem3, Shumaila Hanif4, Sehrish Firyal1, Shagufta Saeed1, Ali Raza Awan1 and Muhammad Wasim1
...aracterization of recombinant β-lactamase from a locally isolated strain Bacillus subtilis R5. The study was an initial step for the fulfillment of commercial needs of β-lactamase in Pakistan. The 1 kb β-lactamase gene was amplified by PCR using the genomic DNA of B. subtilis R5 as template. The purified PCR product was cloned in pTZ57R/T and sub-cloned in pET21a. Expression...
Abdelrahman A. Abdelrahman1, Salama A. S. Shany1, Kareem E. Hassan1, Mansy A. A. Dardeer2, Ali A.1*, Magdy F. El-Kady1*
...e clinical outcome after natural infection in broiler chickens. More field and experimental investigations are crucial to highlight the pathogenesis and the interaction between different respiratory pathogens in chickens.
Keywords | Avian influenza, Broiler chickens, Co-infection, H9N2, Infectious bronchitis Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synovaie.
...
Samira Merabet1, Nora Khammes-El Homsi1,*, Lydia Aftisse1 and Stéphane Aulagnier2
Weam Mohamed Baher*, Gamilat A. El said
...logical quality of the final products.
Keywords | Chicken meat, Microbial load, Bacteriocin, Nisin, Gingerol
...
Nguyen Binh Truong1,2,3*, Nguyen Van Thu3
... Growth performance, Ruminants
...
I Gusti Lanang Oka Cakra1*, Anak Agung Ngurah Badung Sarmuda Dinata2, I Gede Mahardika1, I Gusti Nyoman Gde Bidura1
...fy;">Hibiscus leaf was a native tropical plant that contains saponin that may be used as de-faunating agent in ruminants. In some areas, these plants commonly being used as an alternative feed for ruminant, particularly during the dry season, but the study of its effect was limited. This study aims to determine the eff...
Tri Eko Susilorini1*, Ahmad Furqon2, Wike Andre Septian1, Desinta Wulandari3, Suyadi Suyadi3
...This study was aimed to analyse CSN3 gene polymorphism and its association with milk production and composition on Senduro goat. A total of 42 lactating Senduro goat were used in study from parity 1 to 4. Blood and milk samples were collected in Senduro district, Lumajang. The traits observed were milk yield, fat, lactose, solid non-fat, total-solid, and protein. The CSN3|Alw44I polymorphism was analysed using Polymerase Cha...
Paulus Klau Tahuk*, Oktovianus R. Nahak T.B., Gerson F. Bira, Adrianus Manek, Donatus Manek, Tobias Y. Purnama, Emanuel Bubun, Bergias Subay
...) than T1 and T3. Additionally, the conversion and efficiency on T2 were higher than T3, but relatively the same as T1. It is concluded that the application of complete feed with protein source from Gliricidia sepium with crude protein and TDN of 13 and 72% respectively could improve the fattened Bali cattle performance.
Keywords | Fattened bali cattle, Complete feed, Feed intake, Digestibility, Growth performance
...
The Effect of Pomegranate Peel on Soybean Meal Protein Degradation and Milk Production in Dairy Cows
Soliman Mohammed Soliman1*, Mohsen Mahmoud Shoukry2, Ahmed Mohammed El-Okazy1, Ahmed Mahmoud El-Morsy1, Mahmoud Mohammed Soliman1
...ntation levels of pomegranate peel (PP) on the in situ degradation of soybean meal (SBM) by using three ruminally cannulated. In order to determine the optimal levels of PP to reduce the degradation of SBM, for evaluated their effects on in vitro methane production, in vivo ruminal fermentation and milk production using eighteen lactating crossbred Friesian cows that were randomly assigned...
Zayed Mohammad Ali I.1*, Mona Mohamdy1, M.F. Shehata1, Nasser Ghanem2
...uction under different management systems. Sixteen Abo-Deleek lambs aged six months were used in the present study. Experimental lambs were divided according to body weight into two similar groups and then randomly allocated to two different management systems, intensive (G1=22.31± 3.95kg) and semi-intensive (G2=22.34±1.98kg). At the end of the experiment, fourteen lambs were slaughtered to evaluate carcass tra...
Aiman Batool1, Muhammad Sohail Sajid1,2*, Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan3**, Asif Iqbal4, Imaad Rashid5, Ibadullah Jan6, Faiza Bano7, Fiaz Ahmad8, Waqas Ahmad1, Muhammad Nisar Khan1
...rasites in the small ruminant population of district Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Faecal and blood samples were collected along with ectoparasites directly from the animal rectum, jugular vein and skin, respectively. The examination of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites and haemoparasites was carried out through qualitative and quantitative methods, and Giemsa-stained thin ...
Barirah Rehman Talpur1, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1*, Imdad Hussain Leghari2, Mansoor Tariq1, Aisha Rehman3, Shahnawaz Kumbhar1
...nking of fluoride contaminated groundwater. The study was designed to evaluate nephro-hepatotoxic effects of fluorosis on liver and kidneys in rabbits and broilers. Sixteen rabbits and sixteen broilers of four weeks age were divided into four subgroups each were given 0mg (control),50 mg, 100 mg and 200 mg Sodium Fluoride /liter in water daily for 18 days. The clinical signs and mortality were noted. Blood was collected at days 0, 5, 10, 15 and 18 of experimen...
Hye-myoung, Jang 1,3, Ju-Hyeun, Kim3, Garam Park1, Yoon Dong Choi4, Sun-Eui Kim1,5, Gwang Joo Jeon1,2*
...Agarwood (Aquiralia crassna) extract (AE) and its effects on prevention of dementia related diseases through ICR mice experiment. The mice were fed with 5 mg of AE per day for 16 weeks to see the effect of AE on inhibition of two major biomarkers of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau-protein (τ-protein) formed in the brain tissues. Under the hypothesis of obesity inducing potential dementia, mice were fed with high-fat energy diet to gain excessive weight. The...
Manatsanun Nopparatmaitree1*, Pornpan Saenphoom1, Sittichai Bunlue1, Silchai Washiraomornlert1, Warangkana Kitpipit2,3,4, Soranot Chotnipat1
...microbiota, small intestinal morphology, and performance. Three hundred twenty-one days old, Ross 308® chicks; were raised under ambient temperature and assigned to a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications per treatment (n = 20). The treatment consisted of a control diet based on a corn-soybean basal diet and a control diet supplemented with 10, 30, and 50 g/kg TABP combined with 2 g/kg probiotics. This study shows that TAB...
Muhamad Khairul Riza, Valentinus Priyo Bintoro, Sri Kismiyati, Sugiharto Sugiharto*
... powder). Carcass determination and meat sample was collected at day 37. CONT meat had lower (P < 0.05) pH than other meats. HSDAT meats had greater (P < 0.05) redness (a*), whereas yellowness (b*) values were lower in CONT than other meats. CONT meat had higher (P < 0.05) unsaturated and saturated fatty acids (FA) than other meats. CONT had higher (P < 0.05) n-3 to n-6 FA ratio than HSDT, but did not differ (P > 0.05) from HSD and HSDAT meats. ...
Mohammad Belal Shaker1, Waleed Rizk El-Ghareeb2,3*, Marwa Magdy Seliem4, Wageh Sobhy Darwish3, Bassam Abdulla Alhawas2, Ahmed E. Tharwat3
...odborne pathogens. Aeromonas spp. is one of the opportunistic microorganisms, that normally inhabits aquatic environments such as fresh, and marine water bodies. Aeromonas spp. might cause food-borne gastroenteritis that might be complicated to cause septicemia, meningitis, endocarditis, and osteomyelitis with high mortalities in immune-compromised persons. This internatio
Ade Djulardi1*, Robi Amizar2, Tigor Sanjaya1
...ation with three levels, namely 0%, 0.25%, and 0.50%. The second factor is the level of protein requirement with two levels, namely 20% and 18%. The variables observed were ration consumption (g/head/day), daily egg production (%), egg weight (g/grain), egg mass (g/head/day), feed conversion, and income over feed cost (IOFC). The analysis of variance showed that supplementation of expired ...
Mohamed El-Henfnawy*, Essam A. El-Gendy, Ahamed M. El-Kaiaty, Mostafa Helal
...al development and sustainability, and thus, evaluating and improving local breeds is essential. Genotype-by-sex interaction refers to the interaction of genetic architecture with male or female performance. The current study aimed to evaluate the genotype-by-sex (G×S) interaction on the growth performance of a selected chicken line and its genetic control line. The results revealed significant G × S interactions for body weights at 4 and 10 weeks ...
Chinar Mustafa Mohammed1*, Thamer M. Bashir1, Omar A.M. Al-Habib2, Farhad Ramadhan1, Mohammed Bassam1
...n vivo after. The ECG signals and parameters were recorded and analyzed with the aid of Bio Amp of ADInstruments data acquisition system and LabChart software. The results showed infusion of Taurine 1mg/kg/hr, 2.5mg/kg/hr and 10mg/kg/hr non significantly change heart rate (BPM), QRS intervals, S amplitude (mV), T amplitude (mV), ST height (mV), JT height (mV), QT intervals (s) and QTc (s).
Keyw...
Hany M.R. Elsherif1, Ahmed Orabi2, Hussein M.A. Hassan3, Ahmed Samy3*
...mate, acetate, and propionate as feed additives on broiler chicken performance, carcass characteristics, blood biochemical parameters, immunological condition, and gastrointestinal health. Total of 240 male Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly divided into four groups, each with six replicates of 10 chicks. Group I fed diet consisted of a basic diet with no additives (control). Groups II, III, and IV fed diets consisted ...
Tri Untari1*, Sitarina Widyarini2, Michael Haryadi Wibowo1, Marla Anggita1
.... Group I - IV were vaccinated NDV while group V-VII were unvaccinated. Each group was treated with either red ginger powder (group I and V), ethanolic extract (group II and VI), essential oil (group III and VII). Group IV served as the untreated control. The analyses were done by measuring the NDV antibody titers using hemagglutination inhibition test a...
Chandni Wajid1, Abdul Hameed Baloch1, Ahmed Nawaz Khosa1*, Hubdar Ali Kaleri2, Nasrullah Bangulzai1, Sarfraz Ali Fazlani1, Haleema Sadia3, Saeeda Kalsoom4, Muhammad Bilawal Arain2, Wassem Ali Vistro2
...nd fleece weight and to analyze the PROP1 gene of Balochi, Bibrik, Harnai and Rakhshani sheep breeds of Balochistan. The wool was sheared, its color and fleece weight were observed. The result reveled that wool color and fleece weight were black and white with 1.91 kg, full white, white with black muzzles and limb extremities with 1.83 kg, white gray mix with 1.85 kg, white with black muzzles and limbs extremities with 1.77 ...
Emtenan M. Hanafi1*, Fouad M. Tawfeek2, Walid S. El Nattat1, Moetazza M. Alshafei3, Seham S. Kassem3, Kawkab A. Ahmed4, Enas N. Danial5, Hagar Elbakry3, Hoda S. El-Sayed2
...e male fertility. spirulina platensis (SP) and Bifidobacterium longum (BL) were known as health potentiators. The aim of this study was to produce microcapsules to act as functional feed additives to enhance general health and to study its effect on the reproductive performance of male albino rat. Total flavonoids, total phenolics, DPPH, HPLC and antimicrobial test against different types of bacteria were done for SP extract...
Abd El-Moniem Ali S. Mahgoub, Ahmed Mohamed Abd El-Hafeez, Mahmoud Yassin Mohamed*, Al-Moataz Bellah Mahfouz Shaarawy, Mohamed Ibrahim Nassar
...ein (P < 0.0001), ruminal pH, and NH3-N values. Total dry matter intake tended insignificantly decrease with increasing levels from sesban hay. Final body weight, average daily gain, growth rate, and body weight gain did not affect by sesban supplementation. Supplementation of sesban hay improved feed conversion to digestible crude protein (P < 0.002). The replacement of clover hay 10, 20, and 30% ratios of sesban hay ...
Asmaa Khamis1, Osama Abdalla1, Mohamed Hashem2, Noha Abdelnaeim1*
...he effects of both medicinal plant extracts on rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). A total of 60 male albino rats were equally distributed in six groups. The first group received purified water and was kept as a control. The second and third groups were given oral PN and PM (500 mg/kg/day) for 31 days, respectively. The fourth group was intraperitoneally injected with CCl4 (2 ml/kg/day) on days 15 and 16 of the experiment. The fifth and sixth gr...
Sepri Reski*, Maria Endo Mahata, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli
...y fermentedseaweed (Turbinaria murayana) with Indigenous Micro-Organism (IMO’s) from fruit waste as starter on performance, carcass yield and giblets percentage. A total of 100 one- d- old Arbor Acres CP 707 broilers was raised for 4 weeks of age. The birds were distributed into 5 treatments with 4 replicates in a completely randomized design. The fermented seaweed was supplemented at the level of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 %...
Gamalat Y. Osman1, Elham M. Hassan1*, Tarek A. Salem2, Azza H. Mohamed1
...rug. FWE was chemically analyzed by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. The main recorded constituents were rutin, P-coumaric, hydroxyl-benzoic acid, ferulic acid, and sinapic acid. Results of the present study indicated that FWE (0.5 ml/mouse for 10 successive days) exhibited a significant reduction (P<0.05) in worm burden. A scan electron microscope examinatio...
Asmaa A. Badr, Eman A. Abo Elfadl, Mohammed M. Fouda, Sayed M. Elsayed
...The study employed stationary of data by checking out Autocorrelation Function (ACF) and Partial Autocorrelation Function (PACF). After confirming stationarity, Akaike information Criteria (AIC), Schwartz Bayesian Information Criteria (SBIC), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were used to test the reliability of the model. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was used t...
Mohamed Lebdah1, Sahar Abd El Rahman2*, Ahmed Attia3, Reham Karam2, Naglaa Fathy Saeed Awad1, Mohamed Ibrahim El Bagoury1
...aimed to investigate the natural occurrence and pathological changes of ND in quails in Egypt. The diseased quails were collected from eleven flocks in Egypt exhibited respiratory, nervous signs and whitish green diarrhea in addition to egg abnormalities and lower production with mortalities. No characteristic gross lesions were observed except heamorrhages in brain, congested liver, spleen, brain and muscles besides greenish content of the gizzard. The histop...
Mimi Syazwani Jaapar1, Eric Lim Teik Chung1,2*, Nazri Nayan1, Mamat Hamidi Kamalludin1,2, Mookiah Saminathan3, Kalai Vaani Muniandy2, Muhammad Hazziq Mohd Hamdan1, Shokri Jusoh1, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse2,4
...o gas production and ruminal fermentation characteristics. Graded levels of B. decumbens were mixed with P. purpureum, where 10% was identified as the low-level B. decumbens diet (T2) and, 60% was identified as the high-level B. decumbens diet (T3) based on the concentration of saponins. Meanwhile, 100% P. purpureum was used as the basal diet, which served as control (T1). Rumen fluid was then collected from six young male Dorper cross sheep for the a
Ahmed Mohamed Elmahdy1*, Naglaa Mohammed Alkalamawy2
... looked at the hepatic-renal protection of Origanum majorana “O.M” leaves extract in male rabbits against the negative effects of ivermectin. Twenty male rabbits were used and divided into four groups each group contain 5 rabbits as a following: Group one: rabbits which served as negative control were orally administered distilled water for 60 consecutive days. Group two: The rabbits in this group were given an a...
Asaad A. Fares1*, Mohamed M. Ghanem2, Yasein M. Abd El-Raof2, Hossam M. El-Attar2, Ameer A. Megahed2, Heba M. El-Khaiat2
...ne, but decreased bicarbonate compared to non DCAD group. While after parturition urea, creatinine, and bicarbonate were decreased in the DCAD group, compared to the non DCAD group. Milk production was increased for the DCAD group compared with non DCAD group, but no differences were observed in the milk component. In conclusion, feeding negative DCAD in the late gestation period improves the performance and productivity of ...
Hend K. Sorour, Mohammed A. M. Saleh, Azhar G. Shalaby*
Ida Bagus Oka Winaya1*, Anak Agung Ayu Mirah Adi1, Putu Henrywaesa Sudipa2, I Gusti Ketut Suarjana2
...n histopathological examination, congestion, edema, mild infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages in the meningen, and ischemic neuronal pyknosis were found in the brain. In the synovial tissue, there is a heavy infiltration of neutrophils with few macrophages. Microbiological examination showed the growth of small round colonies, grayish-white, mucoid but hemolysis reaction was not cle...
Preparation and Evaluation of Cattle Feed by Ensiling Wet Rice Straw, Market Fish Waste and Molasses
Avijite Sarker, Sharmeen Islam, S.M. Ariful Islam, Md. Rokibul Islam Khan*, Md Mukhlesur Rahman
... (OMD) and other nutritional properties, at different intervals (0, 30, 45, and 60 days). The organoleptic and physical characteristics (smell, color, and hardness) of feeds were improved in treatments with market fish wastes up to 60 days but after 45 days, in T3, fungi and some bad smells were obtained. The pH, dry matter (DM), crude fiber (CF) were reduced and the crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), ash, ME, OMD were elevated significantly with MFW and ...
Neeranoot Detcharoenyos1, Nakrob Pattanapon1, Soontaree Petchdee2*
...ented to Kasetsart Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Kamphaeng Saen, with progressive paresis over two weeks. The dog was ultimately diagnosed with a spinal tumor by radiography and MRI. In this study, the dog was successfully treated by dorsal laminectomy of T8-T9 to excise an abnormal spinal mass, and a modified pedicle screw-rod was fixed to T7-T10 for stabilization. The biopsy result was c...
Luu Huynh Anh1, Huynh Tan Loc2, Nguyen Hong Xuan3, Le Minh Thanh1, Trinh Thi Hong Mo4, Ly Thi Thu Lan5, Nguyen Trong Ngu1*
Tu Thi Minh Tran1*, Diep Hoang Tran1, Thuong Thi Nguyen2, Tomas J. Acosta3, Takeshi Tsuruta4, Naoki Nishino4, Hai Thanh Duong5
...haracterized using Illumina sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA genes. The predominant species in the fecal microbiota was not as predominant in the milk microbiota, but occasionally appeared in the uterine microbiota. The microbiota from the airborne dust and w...
Rubaijaniza Abigaba1,4*, Pharaoh C. Sianangama1, Progress H. Nyanga2, Edwell S. Mwaanga3, Wilson N.M. Mwenya1
... male and female traditional pig farmers toward reproductive biotechnology application. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was employed to obtain sex-disaggregated data from 622 respondents using a semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics including frequencies, mean, and standard error of the mean as well as inferential statistics, namely,...
Muneeza Zafar1,2,3, Fazli Rabbi Awan2,*, Munazza Raza Mirza3,*, Sumaira Nishat2,4, Sajid Ali Rajput5 and Imran Riaz Malik1,*
... result in premature coronary artery disease, familial hypobetalipoproteinemia, hypocholesterolemia, mono-genic dyslipisimias and other atherogenic events in CVD. Here we evaluated the impact of all missense and non-coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of APOB retrieved from dbSNP using 17 different computational tools and further evaluated the structural impact of these convergent deleterious SNPs on APOB through H...
Aamir Ibrahim1, Bingyao Chen1, Hassan Ali2, Imran Ali3, Yang Cao1 and Guang Yang1*
... the Yangtze River of China, and the Amazon River dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) in South America, it is very difficult to take photographs of Indus river dolphin. From March 1 to 9 in 2019, a survey was conducted in the area covered in a branch of approximately 70 km of the Indus River from Taunsa barrage (District Muzaffargarh, Tehsil Kott Addu) to just downstream of Ghazi Ghat near Samina (District Dera Ghazi Khan) in Punjab,...
Zahra Hussain, Zulfiqar Ali* and Rida Ahmad
...itions 23%, gastrointestinal issues 17%, and cardiovascular issues 7%. In animals, out of total 102 different diseases and pathological conditions, the maximum variation was noted in mouflon sheep (Ovis orientalis orientalis), hog deer (Axis porcinus) and spotted deer (Axis axis). In birds, 37% infectious diseases, 24% generalized conditions, 15% gastrointestinal and 9% respiratory issues were recorded. Among infectious dise...
Ghulam Abbas1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Saeed2*; Safdar Imran3, Ashgar Ali Kamboh4, Duraid KA Al-Taey5, Muhammad Asad Aslam1, Muhammad Saeed Imran6, Muhammad Ashraf3, Muhammad Asif7, Abdul Jabbar Tanveer8, Razia Abdul Majid Qureshi9, Maria Arshad1, Hussain Ahmed Khan Niazi1, Muhammad Tariq10, Sikandar Abbas1
...p>Organic acids (OA) are natural compounds with weak acidic properties. Their use as feed preservatives and performance enhancers in livestock and poultry have been widely studied. In poultry feed, OA have been used mainly to combat the activity of Salmonella and Escherichia. They also enhance the uptake of digested proteins and important minerals. The advantages of using OA as feed additives greatly outweigh their disadvantages like decreased palatability. Or...
Samia Azad1, Iram Liaqat1*, Riffat Iqbal1 and Uzma Rafi2
...liver, kidney and intestinal tissues of Rohu (Labeo rohita) exposed to sub lethal concentrations of heavy metal cadmium (Cd). CdCl2 was used as cadmium (heavy metal) source. Five concentrations of CdCl2 (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 ppm of Cd) were tested in glass aquaria having 35 Rohu fingerlings in each. After exposure for six week, sections of intestine, kidney and liver were excised and studied histologically. Results revealed variation in histological chan...
Ghulam Murtaza1,6*, Muhammad Irfan Fareed2, Noshaba Munawar3, Muhammad Nadeem Khan4, Gul-E- Zahra5, Taskeen Ahmad6, Muhammad Daud6 and Taqi Raza6
...(Spinosad 100%EC, chlorfenapyr 36%SC, pyriproxyfen 10% EC, matrine 0.5 AS and imidacloprid 70% WDG) against Aedes aegypti larval mortality under laboratory conditions. Result indicated that Spinosad (77.32% mortality) and pyriproxyfen (66.28% mortality) are more toxic to A. aegypti larvae as compared to matrine, chlorfenapyr and imidacloprid after 72-h exposure. While minimum mortality was recorded after 24-h exposure of ins...
Iram Liaqat1*, Umaima Bibi2, Muhammad Arshad3 and Najma Arshad2*
...tioxidant compounds from natural sources, to reduce oxidative injury to the cells and overcome oxidative deterioration of foods affecting human life. The study was designed to assess the antioxidant capability of six selected medically principal plants; Hyssopus officinalis, Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Cordia latifolia and Zizyphus jujuba. Antioxidant activity was determined by total phenolic conte...
Abdul Majid1*, Farah Naz1, Nasrullah Laghari1, Sanaullah Abbasi1, Sham Lal2 and Safdar Ujjan3
... for the proteins functionality is remained a challenge for biochemical applications, hence there is always a need to understand the effects of solvents on secondary structural conformation. Biophysical investigations about the changes in secondary structure conformation of lysozymes were performed with CDS using them in water and buffer. Membrane bilayer mimics were prepared from dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) through rehydration method. CDS identified...
Nur Prabewi , Supriyanto, Budi Purwo Widiarso*
...cial treatment. Marination is a flavored liquid that serves as the ingredients of the meat marinated, and is usually used to improve the yield and shelf-life of meat. The research aims to study the effect of herbal marination on the quality characteristics of broiler meat. The variables measured including antioxidants, protein, cholesterol, and chemical residues in meat, as well as me...
Asim Zubair1*, Iffat Batool2 and Ghulam Akbar Malik3
...uo;s sample. The questionnaire was utilized by the researchers to gather data. Statistical analysis was done to see the either NGOs were playing their best role in Agricultural Sector or not. To examine the research hypothesis, a chi square test was also used. The findings revealed that NGOs had a favorable impact on agriculture....
Muhammad Musa1*, Saba Saeed2, Azher Mustafa2, Muhammad Ussama Yasin2, Saima Naseer2 and Iftikhar Haider3
...ere found effective to manage PLRV with some variations, but maximum disease was managed by salicylic acid with 0.75% concentration. In case of nutrients application, both solutions were found to be effective against PLRV but macronutrients solution with 0.75% concentration was found more effective than micronutrients solution to manage PLRV. It is advised to get better results against PLR...
Muhammad Zeeshan Nadeem1, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem1*, Muhammad Ashfaq Wahid1 and Muhammad Anwar ul Haq2
...ivars (YBS-98, 18-BY, Ghana White and Sargodha Bajra 2011) during the experimentation. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design and replicated thrice. The results revealed that seed germination, plant growth, fodder yield and quality were improved by all seed priming agents over the control, but CaCl2 priming outclassed all other priming agents for all the attributes. For example, seed priming of CaCl2 &s...
Noor Muhammad Khan1,2, Tariq Mahmood Khalil1,3*, Rashid Rehan2 and Iftikhar Zeb4
...e plant species Arundo donax (A.d) and Typha latifolia (T.l) for removing HM from the untreated wastewater of Hayatabad Peshawar used for irrigation downstream. The wastewater analysis showed that HM concentration exceeds the limits of thresholds values. For phytoremediation the T.l was tested in both on-site (in-situ) and laboratory conditions (ex-situ) while A.d was applied only in an ex-situ setup. For T.l, the average up...
Abid Hussain1, Mubbashira Nazir2*, Saira Batool2 and Sidra Majeed1
...ign: justify;">Economic analyses of moisture conservation for groundnut and wheat crops through gypsum application, and adoption of micro-catchments for olive orchards and fruit trees in rain-fed Pothwar have been carried out. Socioeconomic characteristics of the adopter farmers have also been studied. The study is based on primary data that was collected from 110 sample farmers in the year 2018. It is found that adopters of the gypsum technology are more educ...
Iqtidar Hussain1, Haroon Shahzad2*, Sami Ullah2*, Muhammad Jawad Nazir1 and Muhammad Rizwan3
...y highlighted the weed management in maize and response of maize to herbicide mixture of Atrazine plus Mesotrion. The research was investigated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangements. The varieties were allotted to main plots and weed management practices were allocated in subplots. This study focused on the parameters about weed densities before and after weed mana...
Adimabua Mike Moemeka1, Ufuoma Godstime Sorhue1*, Sylvanus Ikenna Omeje2, Lawrence Bratte2, Raphael Onainor1, Okpara Oghenesuvwe2
... + 25% maize. Chemical analysis showed higher nitrogen-free extract (NFE) and lower crude protein content in boiled red sweet potato meal than in the maize. Nutrient digestibility was significantly different (P<0.05) among treatments. The average total weight gain ranged from 13.22kg in T2 to 17.18kg in T1 followed closely by 16.44kg in T3. There were significant differences (P<0.05) among the treatments for all the performance characteristics studied, ...
Mehwish Saleem Khan* and Sumama Farooq
...a resist antibiotics by inactivating the drugs, altering the target site, chemically modifying the antibiotics and by ribosomal splitting. Antibiotic resistance can be intrinsic or extrinsic. Bacteria transfer resistance to other microbes through conjugation, transformation and transduction. The present study was conducted at Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore in order to study the resistance pattern of gram-negative bacteria. Females are more prone to infections as co...
Muhammad Bakhtiar1*, Fayaz Ali Niaz2, Asim Muhammad2, Mamoona Munir3, Wajiha Seerat4, Sadiqullah Khan5, Ghulam Yaseen6, Muhammad Noman Khan7 and Asma Bibi8
...source of sulfur. After analysis of the data the results revealed that Fertilizer applied plots showed best performance in all measured parameters as compared to control plots. In the case of N in 160 kg N ha-1 treated plots, maximum protein content, glucosinolate content, and erucic acid (percent) as well as grain yield was recorded, except oil contents which was higher at 20 kg N ha-1 plots, while on other hand S application, whereas Sulfur applied @ 40 kg h...
Evaluation of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Performance under Different Levels of Zinc and Phosphorus
Abdul Qadoos1, Muhammad Bakhtiar2*, Wajiha Seerat3, Asma Bibi4, Sohail Rahman1, Muhammad Noman Khan5, Ghulam Yaseen6, Mamoona Munir7 and Sadiqullah Khan8
...to reduce the chances of natural errors. The various levels of P (0, 75, 90 and 105 kg ha-1) were assigned to major plots and Zn levels (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 kg ha-1) were allocated to sub-plot. ‘Atta Habib’ wheat variety was sown @ 120 kg ha-1. Result of the experiment shows that both factors had considerably affected all measured parameters. Application of P @105 kg P ha-1 resulted maximum tiller m-2 (304), taller plants (95.40 cm), maximum spike l...
Samina Malik1, Tahira Jabeen Ursani1, Naheed Mehmood Soomro1, Naeem Tarique Narejo2, Jawaid Ahmed Khokhar1* and Asif Soomro1
... spider families. After analyzing the data from growing to harvesting of sugarcane, two spider guilds were identified on the basis of feeding and circadian behavior. Assemblage of spiders in the sugarcane filed studied under the umbrella of guild study clearly indicate that spiders are voracious predators and excellent biological control agents. Circadian rhythm is necessary for the adaptation in the environment. In present research diur<...
Akbar Hayat1*, Marayam Nasir2, Ehsan-Ul-Haque1, Muhammad Asim1, Sohaib Afzaal1, Shagufta Naz3, Muhammad Nawaz1, Abid Mahmood4, Faheem Khadija1, Fiaz Hussain1 and Tariq Mehmood5
...in contents. The nutritional quality of citrus fruits primarily depends upon the selection of rootstock. Kinnow ‘Mandarin’ is a major citrus cultivar being cultivated in Pakistan. The current study aimed to investigate the nutritional status and growth and yield of Kinnow mandarin grafted on four overseas and two indigenous rootstocks in Pakistan. Experiments were conducted at experimental station of Citrus Resea...
Marwa Ragab Saeed Abdallah, Hussein Mohamed Hussein Mohamed, Mohamed Mohamed Talaat Emara, Mai Atef Mohamed
...eg;C until the signs of unacceptability were noticed. The results showed that WPI/BW coated pastirma stored under vacuum packaging showed the most oxidative stability (low TBARS, peroxide values, met-myoglobin, and carbonyl contents, high scavenging activity) and the highest sensory quality among the different treatments. The composite treatments extended the wholesomeness of pastirma to 16 weeks at 5 °C in comparison with 12, 8, and 4 weeks for uncoated v...
Naseem Sharif1,2*, Imran Muhammad Siqqique2, Muhammad Kashif Raza3, Urwa Irshad1, Muhammad Ikhlaq Khan4, Ammara Noreen4 , Muhammad Ahsan Qureshi1, Mohsin Abbas5, Muhammad Maaz Aziz5, Sitwat Riaz5, Komal Aslam5 and Naseem Akhtar6
...bal climatic changing scenario and shifting attitude of farmers towards other cash crops, the specie is in high risk of extinction. In this study, sixteen naturally growing wild jujube accessions were analysed based on multivariate analysis. Significant diversity was counted for selected morphological and biochemical traits like leaf length (1.8-5.4cm), ...
Iftikhar Alam1*, Muhammad Ali2 and Muhammad Farooq3*
...vegetables; clean water unavailability; poor/low food quality; high food prices; low food diversity and restricted food environment. Themes related to physical activity were limited physical activity (PA) resources; lack of programmed PA and limited knowledge/awareness support. Participants were very contented with photo-elicitation stimulated discussions. Using these photos, students were able to differentiate between healthy and unhealthy eating and lifestyl...
Mahreen Hanif*, Shafqat Saeed, Mudssar Ali, Muqadas Younas, Huda Bilal, Syeda Fatima Bukhari
... cotton, polymer, and china lamination were investigated in storage bag of chickpea against Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) during the controlled condition. Adults of T. castaneum was released on all packaging to evaluate its damage in packaging and data recorded after 15 days interval. A series of laboratory tests were observed over three months to determine the penetration of T. castaneum in different packa...
Juweria Abid1, Hooria Latif2, Amir Sohail2, Saroosh Fatima Tahir Syed2, Shakeel Ahmad3, Tooba Asif4 and Muhammad Farooq5*
...ing, stress from educational and academic pressure which makes them susceptible to extreme malnourishment. The sample consisted of 450 university students aged 20 to 25 years. It was observed that majority of the students were day-scholars (59.8%) due to which their daily eating routine was normal i.e. three meals per day and BMI ranges were found to be normal (18.5 to 25 kg/m2) in most of subjects which show no prominent presence of any eating disorder. But s...
Hamdy Abdala Elnagar, Wael Mohamed Wafa*, Abdelaziz Mustafa Sakr, Mohammed Mahmoud Hegazy
... an increase in all hormonal levels (TES, leptin, and PRL), depending on progressing age or body weight of males. More acceleration was observed in testosterone than in prolactin and leptin by advancing age and/or weight of buffalo-male bulls.
Keywords | Buffalo-males, Blood, Testosterone, Leptin, Prolactin.
...
Nawal Abd-elhafez Hassanain1, Raafat Mohamed Shaapan1*, Ahmed Maher1, Ahmed Badwi Yousif2, Gomaa Desoky Emam2
...er and brucellosis and finally to determine if the associated individual characteristics were serologically positive to these diseases. The collected 504 blood samples were screened for malaria (card test ‘RDTs and microscopic blood film examination), typhoid fever (Widal test, blood culture and stool analysis) and brucellosis (Rose Bengal test ‘RBT’ and also standard agg...
Syeda Rubab Zaidi* and Safdar Ali Mirza
...se are widely present in nature and possess broad range of substrates. Vast application of these enzymes demands their production in a large quantity. In this study production and optimization of laccase enzyme production from locally isolated and screened potential fungal strain of Aspergillus flavus was monitored. During this study culture medium and different parameters such as incubation period and inoculum size were optimized and inducers were employed fo...
Asim Faraz1, Muhammad Yaqoob2, Nasir Ali Tauqir3, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Ayman Balla Mustafa4, Amir Ismail5, Muhammad Arslan Akbar6, Abdul Waheed1* and Muhammad Shahid Nabeel7
...was designed to use hormonal biomarkers in terms of progesterone and estradiol as early pregnancy indicators in female dromedary camel. A total of 44 female Marecha camels were selected in Thal desert of Pakistan during breeding season (December-March) and kept under semi-intensive management system (SIMS). Selected animals were divided into two comparable groups of 22 animals in each to d...
Ahmad Ali1, Zaib Ullah2, Muhammad Javaid Asad1*, Muhammad Rafi3, Muhammad Maqsood4 and Sajid Mahmood5,6
...y;">The effect of Photodynamic therapy (PDT) on Hela versatile feasibility underneath outstanding oxygen circumstances becomes quantified by the utilization of the equivalent vintage check. Photodynamic therapy is developing as a potential solution for masses malignancies. The purpose of this task changed into to find the reasonable total of acknowledgme...
Heba Abdo Basha1, Walaa Slouma Hamouda Abd El Naby2*, Samya Erian Ibrahim3, Abeer Fikry Elnahas2
Mohamed. E. Taha1, Mohamed S. Ahmed2, Ahmed I. Ahmed2, Amany Adel3, Salama Rehab4,5*, Nabila Osman2**
...tated. The phylogenetic analysis clearly highlights the aggregation of the sequenced AIV H9 isolates with the Egyptian H9N2 viruses G1 lineage in the group B and the Israeli strains. Although the strains are low pathogenic, the presence of mammalian binding amino acid markers indicated their public health concern. Overall conclusion indicated that AIV (H9N2) still circulates among poultry farms in the Southern Egypt. Furthermore, isolated strains were closely ...
Rawda S. Mohamed1,2, Mohammed Y. Matoock2*, Abeer H. Abdelrazek2
...erent physical and emotional stressors for 3-hours. Serum corticosterone level, brain levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) were measured. Mice were subjected to open field, plus maze, and dark light activity box tests. Swiss Multiple Acute concurrent Stress (SMAS) showed more responsiveness to MAS than Balb/c Multiple Acute concurrent Stress (BMAS) in most biochemical and behavi...
Mohamed A. Hussein1, Bahgat A. Abd El-Rehman2, Kareem A. Eldin2, Mohamed Fouad Mansour1*
...munity. ...
Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi
...erground water as contaminants. This necessitated the search for bio-nematicides, accordingly the nematicidal prospect of chromatographic fractions from Mangifera indica as a substitute to synthetic nematicides in the control of Meloidogyne incognita pests of tomato was evaluated. Crude extracts of M. indica bark was fractionated on silica-gel (120-150 mesh) using glass column. The resulting fractions were investigated in sc...
Nishant Shah1*, Rakesh Kumar Yadav1, Anil Gautam1*, Shambhu Shah1 and Mohan Kumar Gupta2
...immunosuppression that manages susceptibility of E. coli. When the maximum level of ammonia was produced i.e., on day 34, intra-nasal administration of E. coli of strain χ7122 (serotype 078: K80:H9) at pathogenicity amount (9.4 x 105 cfu E. coli per bird) was done and morbidity and mortality rate was also recorded. The significantly minimum ammonia (ppm) was recorded in CRH (30.53±0.77); however, the maximum ammon...
Arfan Ahmed Gilal1*, Lubna Bashir Rajput1, Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar1, Ghulam Murtaza Kaleri2, Tanzeela-ul-Zahra1,3, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi4 and Zeeshan Rasheed1
...s necessary for better management. Accordingly, life table and fertility schedule studies of FAW were conducted under laboratory conditions on maize leaves and stems. Three cohorts comprised of 131, 112 and 105 eggs of similar age were used for both leaves and stems. The results indicated that maximum mortality of FAW in both maize stems and leaves were recorded in pupa and 1st larval instar, respectively whereas, maximum survival was recorded in 4th and 5th l...
Rana Aamir Shehzad1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Sabir Hussain Shah2, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Sher Muhammad2, Muhammad Aftab3, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Imran Shehzad1
...e and post-harvest soil analysis was performed. The results showed maximum increase in nitrogen (N) (0.91 ppm) and potassium (K) contents (2.59 ppm) in wheat crop and maximum increase in all plant parameters were recorded in T11 [T2 + all P from PROM (phosphorus rich organic manure)] followed by T13 (T2 + all P from phosphocompost). In case of soil characteristics, application of recommended NPK from chemical fertilizer (T2) recorded the highest pH (8.66) of s...
Nimra Altaf1, Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Hamza Latif1, Muhammad Zeeshan1, Gulfam Yousuf1 and Muhammad Afzal2
...sed in integrated pest management programs of FAW.
...
Yahia A. Amin1*, Alaa Eldin Z. Mahmoud2, Mohamed Sabry Aref3, Abd El-Latif Shaker Seddek4, Waleed Younis5
...on the days open and pregnancy rate. The current study was carried out on 100 Holstein Frisian cows that were not pregnant for 90-120 days after calving. The cows were classified into two groups: the first group is the normal control group (9 cows), and the second group (91 cows) is the treated group and suffered from endometritis. Samples for bacteriological examination were taken and sub...
Inam Ul Haq1*, Muhammad Ramzan1, Mansoor Khan Khattak1 and Ahmad Khan2
...nd integrated nutrient management on the yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivar (Pirsabak 2015) under deep tillage in silt clay loam (Pedocals) soil during 2019. The levels of planting technique factor were; 0 m high raised seed bed (P1), 10 cm high raised seed bed (P2) and 20 cm high raised seed bed (P3). Compost from domestic residues (C2), a combination of urea with compost (C3), and urea (C4) were compared wi...
Bulkaini*, Syamsuhaidi, Yusuf Sutaryono, Djoko Kisworo, Sukirno, Sukarne, Tapaul Rozi
...rculating in the traditional markets of Lombok and Sumbawa based on the Indonesian National Standard. The material used was 191 heads of broiler chickens with a slaughter age of 45-49 days. Ninety heads from a chicken slaughterhouse in Mataram City, sixty heads from a chicken slaughterhouse in West Lombok Regency and forty-one heads from Sumbawa Regency. Determination of broiler chicken sa...
Duong Thanh Hai1*, Tomas J. Acosta2, Tran Thi Minh Tu3
... of ovulation. In preliminary experiment, doses of PF915275 (PF, 11-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor) was exanimated. PF at a dose of 1000 nM (PF1000) decreased significantly the absolute conversion of Cs to Cr (p<0.05). Thus, the PF1000 was chosen for the further studies. Tissues of endometrium were collected at the follicular stage (days 19-21), and exposed to Cs (300 nM) or Cs (300 nM) combined with...
Sara Mohamed Hemeda1, R.H. Sayed2, Hani Hassan1, Sheima A.E.2, Hassan Aboul-Ella3, R. Soliman3*
...tibiotic-specific polyclonal antibodies. Specific artificially induced active acquired polyclonal antibodies production were performed in female New Zealand rabbits against the following β-lactam antibiotics; Amoxicillin (AMX)- Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) and Penicillin-G (Pen G)-KLH conjugates. The prepared anti-β-lactam antibodies were conjugated with gold chloride nanopart...
Yasmin M.M. Mahmoud
... on control (T0). Blood analysis and hematological characteristics were also estimated. It is recommended to replace berseem hay with dried broccoli by-products up to 20 % in the diet of lactating goats regarding their digestibility, productive performance, blood parameters and hematological profile.
Keywords | Goats, Broccoli wastes, Productive performance, Digestibility
...
Sri Melia1*, Indri Juliyarsi1, Yulianti Fitri Kurnia1, Evy Rossi2, Hurriya Alzahra3
...chia coli: O157, Pseudomonas, Listeria inokua, and Klebsiella pneumonia; and (3) Molecular identification of LAB by analysis of the base sequence of the 16S RNA gene. The whey for this study was collected in Lasi Farm in Agam Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The data was subsequently subJected to descriptive analysis....
Aiman Al Mufarji1, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed1*, Rashid Al Zeidi2, Haitham Al Masruri3
...ples were collected and analyzed for hematological parameters and plasma biochemistry parameters. The results indicated that heat stress negatively influenced the thermo-tolerance, hematological, and plasma biochemistry parameters. M. oleifera alleviated the negative effects of heat stress, as well as modulated thermo-tolerance responses, metabolites, and liver and kidney functions. M. oleifera supplementation with a rate of 50 and 100 g to stressed ewes espec...
Oluwaseun Adetarami1*, Oluwatoyin Olagunju2, Babatunde Adebayo Oyebamiji1, Adegboyega Abel Odeyemi3 and Sina Basil Johnson4
...rough structured questionnaire. For the data analysis, statistical tools such as budgeting technique and logitistic regression were used. Results of the budgeting technique showed that each farmer of the FBS approach had a mean profit of ₦ 81,134.65 with a cost benefit ratio of 1.09. The results of logistic regression revealed that the age of cocoa farmer, level of education, extension contact, farm size and cocoa annual i...
Muhammad Luqman1*, Adeel Mustafa1, Sheer Abbas2, Muhammad Yaseen1, Muhammad Umer Mehomood1 and Raheel Saqib3
...d Rawalpindi. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Data depicts that the maximum number of respondents were belonging to the age category of above 40 years of age and 70 respondents were recorded as illiterate. There were 75% of respondents (148) who claimed that there are multiple major income sources. The respondents who had a low level of poverty and a high level of poverty were the same in the study area. Among respondent...
Farzana Begum* and Gohar Ayub
...re Research Institute Tarnab Peshawar, during 2016 and 2017. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement having sowing dates as the main plot factor, while harvesting stages as sub plot factor was used. The seeds of okra, after harvesting and drying were packed in polythene bags and stored for 0, 3 and 6 months at room temperature. The seed quality attributes were evaluated at the specified storage duration. It is evident from the res...
Syed Muhammad Amir1*, Shehzad Khan2, Asif Ali Abro3, Ehsan Inamullah4 and Tahir Mehmood5
...xtensive use of conventional energy sources with negative impacts and existing poor farming systems in Pakistan have driven implementation of biogas technology by governmental and non-governmental organizations. This study focuses on the rate of successful adoption of bio gas technology and its multiple impacts on 113 farming households in two purposively selected districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (i.e. district Mardan and Dera Ismail Khan). Based on th...
Muhammad Islam1,4*, Farrukh Shehzad1, Muhammad Omar2, Abdul Qayyum3 and Rabia Siddiqui4
...t datasets. Various combinations of train test split have been applied to check the precisions of data partitions subset on the deployed models. ML model predict that the wheat area will rise up to 15%, 51.7%, wheat yield will grow up to 28%, 109.7% and population will rise up to 34.2%, 140.6%, respectively for the year 2030 and 2050. Population will upturn about 88.9% and 30.9% more than from wheat area and wheat yield up to 2050 and it might explode the food...
Saima Mehar1 and Salma Javed2*
...nd captivating source of natural bio-pesticides. The currentstudy was performed for phytochemical analysis and to assess the nematicidal and nematostatic potential of crude extract of Withania coagulans. It is known for its withanolide class of chemical compounds. The biological assessment of two primary fractions of W. coagulans crude extract, chloroform and butanol, is the focus of the current study. Crude extracts were te...
Amal Ramadan Fawy1, Hussein Yousef Ahmed2, El-Sayed S.E. Shabana3, Mohamed Abdelfattah Maky4*
...es were collected from Qena markets, Egypt. They were divided into four groups based on their price; A, B, C, and D, with group A being the cheapest while the group D being the most costly. Proximate and quality analysis were conducted. Group D of Egyptian beef burger had a greater protein than other groups as well as being the best in terms of quality. Furthermore, six beef burger formulations with different amounts of...
Widiastuti Ardiansyah1,3*, Osfar Sjofjan2, Eko Widodo2, Suyadi Suyadi2, Danung Nur Adli2
...cin 0.01%. Results were analysed via one-way ANOVA and if a significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) was identified, least significant difference testing was then applied. The effect of T4 on egg production performance, feed conversion and egg weight were highly significant (p≤ 0.01) and from the results it was concluded that the best treatment was T4, namely basal dieting with the addition of 0.8% turmeric and 0.6% probiotics.
Mohamed E. El-Speiy1, Tarek A. Sadak1, Mohamed A. Abd-Elaal1, Ayman M. Khalifah2, Amr S. Morsy2*
...ct of individual or combination of alpinia galangal (AG) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing rabbits. 48 male Baldi red rabbits aged 5 weeks were assigned to 6 treatments. Treatments were (1) control diet, (2) 50 mg (AG)/kg DM (AG1), (3) 100 mg (AG)/kg DM (AG2), (4) 100mg ZnSO4/kg DM (Zn), (5) 50 mg (AG) + 100 mg ZnSO4/ kg DM (AG1Zn) and (6) 100 mg (AG) + 100 mg ZnSO4/ kg DM (AG2Zn). Feeding AG2, AG1Zn, and AG2...
Amreen Zahra1*, Mushtaq A. Saleem2, Hasnain Javed3, Muhammad Azmat Ullah Khan4 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori4
... molecular and computational analysis of the major genetic constituents, Gag-Pol region of HIV-1 for the very first time in Punjab-Pakistan including three regions of outbreak i.e. Kot Imrana Sargodha, Faisalabad and Gujrat. Drug resistance mutations such as T12A, I13A, K14R, I15V, K20I, T31S, E35D, M36I, N37D, R41K, K43X, R57K, Q61H, H69K, K70R and L89M were observed across several sites ...
Xing Lu1, Mahmoud A.O. Dawood2, Fan Wu1, Hua Wen1, Wei Liu1, Juan Tian1, Ming Jiang1, Li-Juan Yu1, Xiang Li3, Ning Xu3 and Hong-Wei Liang1*
...rum biochemical indices analysis revealed that dietary L-carnitine at 400 mg kg-1 had markedly reduced triglyceride (TG) concentration (P < 0.05). The elevated expression of hepatic igf1 gene at the transcriptional level was positively correlated with dietary L-carnitine levels on the growth performance of Chinese soft-shelled turtle. Furthermore, dietary L-carnitine supplementation significantly up-regulated the mR
Ch. Muhammad Rafiq1, Muhammad Rizwan1*, Bilal Atta1, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Misbah Rizwan2, Muhammad Arshad3, Muhammad Zeeshan3, Hamza Latif3, Usama Bin Khalid1, Shawaiz Iqbal1
...ing geometry and nutritional effects on N. lugens abundance and yield attributes of the crop using susceptible rice (var. Basmati 515). Results indicated that planting geometries with more space (60 and 90 cm) after 12 lines with a uniform number of plants in each plot had less incidence of N. lugens as compared to narrow spaced (0 and 30 cm) geometries. More number of N. lugens nymphs (80.0-95.0 number/plant) were recorded ...
Yasmin M. M. Mahmoud*
...cients, feeding value, final body weight and weight gain were significantly (P<0.05) higher with diets containing up to 2%-DCHL than control one. Feed intake were higher (P<0.05) for G1 compared with those of the other dietary treatments. Diets involved up to 2%-DCHL had achieved the best (P<0.05) feed conversion compared with control one. In blood plasma, concentrations of total protein, albumin and globulin as well as activity of aspartate aminotran...
M. Fatmawati1, L.T. Suwanti2*, Mufasirin3
... to environmental contamination by T. gondii oocysts, consumption of foods and milk containing cysts or tachyzoites of T. gondii. Raw milk is a risk factor for toxoplasmosis in humans. This paper discusses the presence of T. gondii in raw milk from various animals in both artificial and natural infections, the survival of T. gondii in milk and its derivatives and raw milk as a risk factor for toxoplasmosis in humans.
...
Dalia M. Aboelhassan1*, Inas S. Ghaly1, Noha E. Ibrahim2, Nermeen M. Shaffie3, Mariam G. Eshak1, Aboelfetoh M. Abdallah4, Ibrahim M. Farag1
...d to the normal level or natural status. The present investigation confirms the important role of Fagonia cretica in overcoming the harmful BPA-induced effects on animal cells, since the extraction of this medicinal herb can modulate the over-expressions of IkBα, mdr1a and COX-1 genes to favorable or normal levels in rats. Moreover, it may be able to markedly ameliorate or remedy the histopathological cases.
Aiman Al-Mufarji3, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed3*, Rashid Al-Zeidi1, Haitham Al-Masruri2, Al-Hassan Mohammed4
...lementation. Fifteen pregnant Naimi ewes (49.0 ± 1.85 kg body weight) were allocated to three groups: control and two M. oleifera treated groups (50.0 and 100.0 g M. oleifera /kg diet). Body weights, milk composition, blood cell counts (red and white blood cells), and metabolic profile (total protein and blood urea nitrogen) were measured and evaluated. The ovarian follicular wave dynamics and corpora lutea (CL) devel...
Alsi Dara Paryuni1, Soedarmanto Indarjulianto2, Tri Untari3 and Sitarina Widyarini4*
...important role in dissemination of zoonotic diseases. Therefore, this study aims to diagnose and to treat of dermatophytosis in cats. Twenty cats with the age of 6-12 months were used in this study. Determination of dermatophyte infection in cats based on clinical signs and laboratory identification of fungi. Skin scrapes samples were cultured onto Sabouraud’s dextrose agar medium. Hair and skin scraping were conducted...
Aiman Al-Mufarji1, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed1*, Haitham Al-Masruri2, Rashid Al-Zeidi3
...align: justify;">Nutritional supplements of microalgae in small amounts to humans and animals are considered one of the sources for improving nutritional values throughout the world. The microalgae are classified into four groups: green (Chlorophyceae), blue-green (Cyanophyceae), golden (Chrysophyceae), and diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) algae. Microalgae were given to humans and animals for nutritiona<...
Zeinab R. Aboezz1*, Ayman S. El-Habbaa1, Rania S. El-Mohamady2, Samia A. Elnagar2, Ehab M. El-Nahas1
... first time, we reported natural infection of HoBi-like Pestivirus in Egyptian cattle. Serum and ovarian samples were collected from cattle during the year of 2019. RT-PCR, viral isolation, sequencing, and phylogeny revealed that the primary causative agent was HoBi-like Pestivirus. Our HoBi-like Pestivirus strain, Egypt-020-1ncp, BVDV-Egypt-020-3ncp and BVDV-Egypt-020-2ncp, shared 99.6% homology with BVD3- B1-AU, 99.2% with BVD3- B5-3-MX and BVD3-G2-BR, 98% w...
Amany R. Sultan1, 2, Gamal A. Morsi2, Hoda El-Fayoumi1, Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki1*
...s aimed to evaluate seasonal population dynamics of the tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta and its parasitoids as well as the rate of parasitism, the parasitoids assemblages and the relative impact of parasitoids on its population over two seasons on tomato in the experimental farm of the Agriculture Research Center, Sids in Beni Suef Governorate, Egypt. During first plantation in the first plantation, The results revealed that...
Basel A. Abokhadra, Samah M. Mosad, Sahar Abd El Rahman*
... the viruses that incriminated in respiratory disease; affects the genital tract and causes significant economic losses to domestic cattle in Egypt. Although BoHV-5 mainly causes encephalitis in calves, the virus is excreted in nasal discharge under stress factors, so herpesvirus latency reactivation cycle is the hallmark of the disease. In the present study, molecular screening of 60 nasa...
Genevieve R. Tabon1,2, Noraine P. Medina2, Mary Rose D. Uy-De Guia3, Claro N. Mingala2,3*
...riation in 30 Philippine native pigs (PNP). Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was done to evaluate the genotypes of ESR1 gene. Target gene was amplified and then subjected to RFLP using PvuII restriction enzyme. Results showed that all of the samples were found to be of AA genotype which is not the favorable genotype according to previous studies. The litter sizes of the PNP were also determined. Results showed that ...
Atta Ullah*, Nasrullah Khan, Ataur Rahman and Rafi Ullah
...xt-align: justify;">National parks are considered assets of an area in conserving and preserving flora and fauna and recreational purposes, but these parks also provide valuable folk benefits for the local peoples. This study aimed to document the folk benefits obtained by local inhabitants from different indigenous angiosperms and their products in Sheikh Buddin Natio
Imtiaz Ahmed*, Imran Khan and Zia Ud Din
...ducted to develop functional wheat bread by incorporating chamomile and wild thyme to enhance overall nutritional composition, phenolic contents and antioxidant activity. In this study, chamomile and wild thyme powders were first mixed at equal proportions and wheat flour was then replaced with the mixture at 1 , 2 and 3 % incorporation levels, to prepare composite test bread.Total polyphenols, total flavonoids content and a...
Najmul Saqib* and Himayathullah Khan
...his study, two distracts namely Mardan and Swat of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan was purposively selected. In district Mardan, agroforestry is practiced as boundary line plantations; while in Swat intercropping is more common characteristics. A total of 390 households involved in agroforestry practices were interviewed. The study investigated the effect of agroforestry practices on farm income of rural households in KP. A Multiple linear regression model was us...
A. El-Shemy1*, Hoda M. Mekky2, M. A. Bosila2, A. M. Allam1, Kh. M. Elbayoumi2, M. M. Amer3
...gene of DHAV-1 isolates, namely DHV/Duck/Egypt/Monofia-Shemy-1/2018, DHV/Duck/Egypt/Al-Gharbia-Shemy-3/2018, and DHV/Duck/Egypt/Monofia-Shemy-2/2018, was subjected to sequencing and then submitted to NCBI GenBank, and the obtained accession numbers are MT157210, MT157211,and MT157212, respectively. Nucleotide sequences alignment analysis of the 3D gene exhibited 92.5%–98.6% homology between our sequenced isolates. The ...
Ngoc Tan Nguyen1*, Minh Thanh Tram1, Thi Thu Pham1, Tan Loi Le1, Thi Khanh Ly Nguyen1, Tuan Thanh Hoang2, Cong Thieu Pham3, Nguyen Khang Duong4
...Ninh Thuan Province, Vietnam was studied to provide useful information on their origin. Blood samples were taken from two local goat breeds in Ninh Thuan (De Co = CO and Bach Thao = BT, 10 samples each) and three other exotic goats including Saanen (SA; 10 samples), Red Boer (RB; 10 samples) and White Boer (WB; 9 samples) raised at An Phu Dairy Company in Cu Chi District, Ho Chi Minh City. Extracted mtDNA
Khuzeema Tanveer1, Muhammad Shahid Mahmood1,*, Muhammad Ashraf1 and Ahrar Khan2
...alicoccus huakuii. Comamonas aquatica could degrade 79% of black 5, 42% of blue 21, 83% of yellow 145 and 87% of red 195. Bacillus subtilis degraded 84%, 41%, 82%, 85%; Moraxella sp. degraded 82%, 28%, 81%, 77% and Aeromonas veronii degraded 73%, 30%, 80%, 76% black, blue yellow and red dyes, respectively. To determine the toxicity of degraded dye products a hemolytic assay was performed which showed a variable decrease or i...
Ziaul Islam1*, Asad Sultan1, Sar Zamin Khan1 and Sher Bahader Khan2
... individually or in combination as a replacement of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) on growth performance, lymphoid organs weight, gut pH, microbiota, apparent metabolizable energy and nutrient digestibility of broilers. A total of six hundred, day-old healthy broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were procured from a local hatchery and were randomly allocated to five different dietary treatments. A basal diet formulated with corn-soybean meal (CON; without any additive...
Hui Xu1,*, Ronghua Luo1, Yaping Duan1, Mingjia Chen1, Jiaxu Zhou1 and Xiaoli Shao2
...n in regulating the pulmonary function and Th17/Treg of peripheral blood in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). From January 2018 to January 2020, 114 children with MPP in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into control group and experimental group, each containing 57 cases. The control group was given azithromycin. The experimental group was given fibrobronchoscope-assisted lavage on the basis of the control group. The curative e...
Baila Ahmad1, Muhammad Ammar Khan1*, Zulfiqar Ahmad1, Rana Muhammad Bilal2 and Asghar Ali Kamboh3
... the approach of nutritional intervention to combat these concerns. Breast meat samples were obtained from the broilers given zinc (Zn from ZnSO4) supplements (T0, T1, T2, and T3 @ 0, 10, 20 and 40 ppm, respectively of finisher diet from 21 to 42 days). Initially, the pH, expressible moisture (EM), water-holding capacity (WHC), instrumental color, drip loss (DL) and cook loss (CL) were measured. Afterward, the effect of processing (25°C, thermal treatment ...
Limei Yuan1, Kong Yang1* and Dechun Jiang2*
...ction and biogeographic analysis of these species....
Sameena Gul1, Sayyeda Hira Hassan1, Amara Maryam1, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Muhammad Khan*1, Muhammad Irfan2, Farah Rauf Shakoori1 and Javed Iqbal Qazi1
... by affecting various signaling molecules and cell cycle regulatory proteins. Clinical studies demonstrated that EGCG treatment of different type of cancers has synergistic effect in combination treatment with other common clinical drugs (cisplatin, taxol, doxorubicin and vinblastine) by modulating chemotherapy response to cancer cells as compared to clinical drugs alone. This review enlightens the possible mechanisms by whi...
Abdullah Channo1*, Asmatullah Kaka1, Qudratullah Kalwar2, Imdadullah Jamali3, Ghulam Jelani2, Muhammad Bakhsh4, Ghulam Nabi Dahri5 and Jai Parkash Goil6
...rease in number of inseminations at each conception and finally culling. The incidence of COD is ranges from 5-30%, due to the improper managemental system, and the prevalence of COD is 10-13% which is associated with selection, heredity, age, environment, improper nutrition, herd size, housing, high milk production, body condition score, lactation period, seasons, retained placenta, stres...
Makhamadi Abramatov1*, Abdurakhim Kuchboev2, Bakhtiyor Ruziev3 and Khumoyun Sobirov2
...iversity of gastrointestinal nematodes in domestic ruminants of Uzbekistan. Nematodes were collected from the gastrointestinal tract of 611 small ruminants and 105 of cattle during the 2018-2020 in the farms of in Uzbekistan. These nematodes represented 28 species, including sheep - 25, goats - 21 and, cattle – 22 of these 27 species belonged to in...
Xiaowei Huang1, Jinji Wang1, Zhun Yu2, Minghua Duan1* and Zhe Lin1*
...P-7/Smads/TGF-β1 signal pathway in irradiated rats. Total 60 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: the normal (normal saline), model (normal saline), and low, medium, high dose of ASP groups (9.0, 18.0 and 36.0 mg/mL, 2.0 mL/kg·d, intragastric gavage once a day for 14 days). On the 15th day, all other groups received 60Co γ-ray irradiation with a total dose of 4.0 Gy except the normal group. The levels of NO synthase (...
Xinjun Zhang1,2, Pengyong Wang1,2, Huimin Ju1,2, Yanhong Wang1,2, Yang Yang1,2* and Guoqiang Zhu1,2*
... a common pathogen of urinary tract infection. To investigate its characteristics and explore the interaction between UPEC and human urinary bladder cancer T24 cells, 7 canine UPEC strains were isolated from dogs in Yangzhou, China. The adhesion-encoding genes (iha, fimH, papA, papC, papG allele I, papG allele I’, papG allele II, papG allele III, focA, focG, sfaS), virulence-associat...
Xiaojing Liu and Zhongxin Li*
...phropathy (DN) rats and analyze its action on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-) 9 protein expression in kidney tissues, in order to reveal the mechanism of TSG. After 12 weeks of administration, compared with those in the DN modeling group, 24 h urine protein, serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood uric acid (UA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate amino...
Madiha Khalil1, Amjad Farooq1, Asim Faraz2*, Abdul Waheed2, Nasir Ali Tauqir3, Riaz Hussain Mirza2 and Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq2
...s conducted in order to analyze lactation performance of Friesian cattle in the local environment of Quetta, Pakistan and to evaluate non-genetic factors affecting the lactation traits. For this purpose, data on lactation performance of Holstein Friesian cows were collected from government livestock farms located at Quetta. Data obtained on calving from 608 cows during last sixteen years (2000-2016) were analyzed. After edit...
Tariq Mehmood1, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Ayesha Safder Chaudhry1, Kamran Ashraf2, Muhammad Mohsin Ali1,3, Muhammad Faisal Ayoob3*, Mudassir Hussain4, Farrukh Saleem3 and Muhammad Fayaz3
... variable degrees of jejunal resection, i.e. group A (20%) and group B (40%), while group C (0%). Sampling was performed on days 0, 15, and 30 to test various clinical and biochemical parameters. Results showed weight loss in all groups until day 15 post-surgery while in group A and C gradual weight gain was noted. Fecal consistency was observed in all the groups and noticed moist till day 15 post-surgery, which gradually turned to normal except in group B. Th...
Muhammad Zaeem Abbas1, Khurram Ashfaq1, Amjad Islam Aqib2, Mughees Aizaz Alvi1*, Muhammad Haleem Tayyab1, Muzafar Ghafoor1, Muhammad Usman Naseer3, Ali Abbas4 and Ali Hassan1
...d from 96 buffaloes and analysed by Ross Modification of Rothera’s test and Abbott Precision Xtra™ meter to assess the ketone bodies levels. We observed a total of eight out of 96 (8.33%) buffaloes positive for ketosis. The peak prevalence (13.3%) of ketosis was detected during the third week of lactation. Animals with body condition score >4 (15%), buffaloes yielding 18 liter milk in a day (33.3%), buffaloes in 3rd parity (11.1%), and 8-9 years...
C.A. Angel-Sahagún1, J.E. Ortega Palomares1, A.A. Hernández-Rangel1, C. Cruz-Vázquez2, R. Montesinos-Matias3, M. Valencia-Posadas1 and A.M. Cruz-Avalos4*
...(Ma) and Beauveria bassiana (Bb) isolates, obtained from adult Ctenocephalides canis, the dog flea, under laboratory conditions. Nine, monosporic cultures were isolated. Each were pathogenic when exposed by immersion at a concentration of 1x108 conidia/ml, causing between 10-100% mycosis at ten days post-inoculation. Four isolates identified as Bb9, Bb6, Ma9 and Ma10, were the most pathogenic as mycosis reached 100%, which places them as potential candidates t...
Yuxia Zhang and Kong Yang*
...mmals as hosts. The terminal hosts have received a lot of attention, while there are few studies on the distribution and abundance of intermediate hosts. A structural equation model was produced to demonstrate the effects of habitat factors on the distribution and abundance of intermediate hosts of E. multilocularis. Plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) act as the main intermediate hosts of E. multilocularis, whose effective ca...
Harpreet Kaur* and S.S. Hundal
...ignifies that the irrational use of such insecticides could pose high threat to non-target organisms, for example earthworms which play a key role in soil ecosystem productivity....
Jawaid A. Khokhar*, T. J. Ursani, Fareeda Memon, Samina Malik, Asif Soomro and Fareeda Shah
...tify;">Mantids is a fascinating and predatory small group of bulky insects and has been superbly engineered for speed and power. Object of this work is to see the stability and morphometrics of oothecae of mantids occurring in agricultural areas of Mirpurkhas. Due to the little exploration to this bio-control agent is the reason to conduct research in District Mirpurkhas, Sindh (May to Oct 2018). Total 319 specimens were collected and arranged into 06 genera a...
Khalid Javed Iqbal1, Irfan Baboo2*, Arshad Javid3, Noor Khan4, Hamid Majeed5, Azra Anwer1, Zahid Farooq2, Muhammad Altaf6 and Moazam Jalees7
...o growing exploration in nanotechnology, nano-particles application in various fields of industries and medicine is growing. However, limited study is available on their toxicological impacts which can adversely affect the organism’s health and their environment. Current research was designed to study the possible toxicity of iron oxide nano-particles on common carp, C. carpio after ...
Veronica Ngozi Emenuga1, Clara Idara Eleazar2*, Seto Tunrayo Aladenika1
...lly transcends to contamination of milk. Cutaneous mycoses are mostly fungal infection of the stratum corneum. The objective of the current study was to examine the cattle and cattle beddings for fungal organisms in correlation with that found in milk. Scrapings of fungal lesions from 302 cattle were examined alongside with samples of milk and sawdust beddings. Culture, identification and characterization of isolates were carried out using standard metho...
Reyad R. Shawish, Reda E. Hamed*, Zakaria H. Elbayoumi
...c aromatic hydrocarbons, named benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and benzo[a]pyrene) made it of the highest health risk to the consumers, followed by kofta, shawarma and burger, respectively. Besides that, positive samples were compared with the European Commission Regulations (EC) of the maximum permissible PAHs limits in the meat products (≤12 µgkg); so, 20 (25.0%) of the examined samples were compatible for human consumption ...
Abdul Ghaffar*, Niaz Hussain, Muhammad Nadeem, Khalid Hussain, Muhammad Aslam, Mudassar Khaliq, Muhammad Irshad, Zubeda Parveen and Muhammad Younas
... The measured data were analyzed to principal component analysis (PCA), correlation, and path coefficient analysis. Analysis of variants revealed good variation among the accessions for the data recorded traits. Principal coefficient analysis differentiates all the traits into six PCs. Two components expressed more tha...
Tooba Ather1, Muhammad Rafiq Shahid2*, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub3, Javed Iqbal2, Muhammad Asim Bhutta2, Muhammad Akram2, Naveeda Anjum4, Muhammad Rizwan6, Hafeezur Rehman5 and Umar Farooq5
...tton mealybug (CMB), Pheanacoccus solenopsis is highly deleterious insect pests of agricultural crops. It is polyphagous by nature and can feed on diversity of host plants. Different concentrations of Pyriproxyfen and Buprofezin are Insect Growth Regulator (IGR) were bio-assayed against 3rd instar of CMBat Integrated Pest Management Laboratory, Department of Entomology, University of Agric...
Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik1, Khalid Usman1*, Amir Hamza1, Muhammad Saad1, Said Ghulam2 and Azmat Ullah1
...ign: justify;">In the scenario of recent energy crises, enhancement of yield at a reduced tillage cost and site specific potassium nutrition is much important for higher cotton yield and lint quality. The experiment was in a split-plot design and replicated thrice. Tillage system (i.e. reduced and conventional) was main plot treatment and potassium levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 & 250 kg ha-1) sub-plot. K-levels were appli...
Khalid Khan1*, Ahmed Farhan Saeed2, Sanam Wagma Khattak3 and Saima Liaqat4
...nderlined the key determinants of adoption of improved poultry practices and technology in the poultry industry of district Lasbela, Balochistan; Pakistan. A multistage random sampling method was adopted to select the samples of 75 farmers from five tehsils of Lasbela namely Hub, Gadani, Uthal, Dureji, and Bela. Around 15 farmers were randomly selected and questioned in each of the tehsil. To achieve the objectives of study ...
Waleed Asghar1,2*, Ahmad Mahmood1, Farhan Iftikhar2,3, Bushra Ahmad4, Rehmat Ullah5, Muhammad Bilal5, Abdul Latif6*, Muhammad Arsalan6, Madeeha Khan6, Rizwan Latif7 Muhammad Ehsan7
...s. In conclusion, functional organic waste as an additive to conventional fertilization could save chemical fertilizer’s contribution and minimize soil deterioration by overuse of chemical fertilizers....
Masudul Haq Wani and Arshad Bhat*
...e years. The study also analyses the inter-district scenario of urban growth and its level and extent in to consideration. The annual exponential growth rate of urban population in India has gone down from 0.97 per cent during 1981-91 to 0.77 per cent during 1991-2001 and in Jammu and Kashmir during the same period it has reduced from 1.06 to 0.58. The study shows that city populace within the area has accelerated from 7.42 ...
Dede Kardaya*, Dewi Wahyuni, Elis Dihansih
...ations (R1), nonconventional rations + 2% Asam gelugur leaf meal (AGLM) (R2), nonconventional rations + 4% AGLM (R3), and nonconventional rations + 6% AGLM (R4) in a completely randomized design with five replicates containing three ducks each. Ducks were reared in battery cages for five weeks. Measurements were taken on meat physical quality (pH, ...
Mostafa El-Sebelgy1*, Hanafy Madbouly2, Sabry Tamam2, Nagwa Ata1, Kawther Zaher1
...00. The concentrate was analyzed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using a technique called untargeted (label-free) shotgun proteomic analysis. The resultant peptides were used along with RefSeq proteins and primers for multiple sequence alignment. Multiple extrinsic proteins [NS1, NS3 and VP3 of African Horse Sickness Virus (AHSV) and NS3 of Equine Encephalosis Virus (EEV)] were detected a...
Muhammad Ajmal Khan1, Muhammad Yahya2*, Ali Hazrat2, Javed Khan3, Saeed Jan4, Tabinda Nowsheen2 and Inam Ullah5
..."text-align: justify;">Tanacetum camphoratum is a rhizomatous perennial herb. The current study investigated the phytochemical constituents, antioxidants, and antibacterial activities of methanolic extracts of T. camphoratum leaves. The methanolic extract was quantitatively evaluated for alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids contents. The antibacterial activity of methanolic leaves extract of T. camphoratum was carried out against Gram-positive and Gram-negativ...
Bibi Hajira*, Imran Khan and Zia-ud-Din
...rains, legumes and medicinal herbs to bread might reduce its starch digestibility. However, the incorporation of these non-wheat materials into bread is challenging from consumer acceptability perspective. Therefore, the current study investigated the effect of incorporating red sorghum and barley flours in white bread on in-vitro starch digestibility, estimated glycemic index (eGI) and consumer acceptability. Bread was formulated by incorporating blends (equa...
Umair Faheem1*, Qurban Ali2, Mussurat Hussain1, Abrar Ahmad3, Tamsila Nazir2, Ghayour Ahmad3, Idrees Ahmad3, Madiha Mobeen4, Hammad Hussnain3 and Nadia Hussain Ahmad3
Syed Wajahat Husain Jaafry1* and Amber Fatima2
...l conditions through (signals, cues, and rhizosphere interactions). Numerous studies have been conducted to find how plants respond to different neighbors at various points of genetic affiliation. Contrasting results and lack of molecular evidence in species recognition studies have made this topic more curious and complex. Some plant species compete more vibrantly for below-ground resources when an encounter with neighboring unrelated conspecifics as compared...
Kusuma Adhianto*, Chairul Rahman Arif, Dian Kurniawati, Akhmad Dakhlan
...d from interview questionnaires and measuring the weaning weight of goats. Secondary data was obtained from weaning weight data in the recording. The observed variables were birth weight, weaning weight, weaning age, age of the dam at partus, type of birth, and sex. Results: The results of this study showed that the average weaning weights of male and female Saburai goats were 16.46±1.1 kg and 16.40±0.98 kg, heritability value was 0.37±0.2...
Athhar Manabi Diansyah1, Muhammad Yusuf2*, Abdul Latief Toleng2, Muhammad Ihsan Andi Dagong2
... using an artificial vagina. The semen was proceeded until the frozen semen. Parameters were motility, motility progressive, kinematics sperms, viability, abnormality membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity. The Bali-polled bull semen was analyzed by using CASA with the Sperms Vision Version 3.7.5 program. The results in this study showed that sperms motility in Bali-horned bull was significantly lower (P<0.01) than Ba...
Ochieng Onunga George*, Owuor Ndonga Millicent Florence, Mario Kollenberg
...alantidium coli, Trichomonas hominis, Ancylostoma duodenale, and Ascaris lumbricoid. It was concluded that the abattoir wastes were unsuitable for discharge to the environment and resulted in water pollution near abattoirs that may cause serious waterborne diseases. The baseline information obtained from the results can be used by government authorities such as National Environmental Ma
Ramadan Sary, Asmaa M. Ibrahium*
...skull and provide clear anatomical data through anatomical dissection. The specimens of six carcasses were carried out to department of anatomy, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Cairo University. Four heads were dissected for morphological study and X-ray, other two specimens accommodated to CT. The skull of owl constructed mainly from the neurocranium, v...
Arsalan Maqbool1,2, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse1,3*, Eric Lim Teik Chung3,5, Abd Wahid Haron3, Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila5, Bura Thlama Paul3,4, Khaliq ur Rehman Bhutto3,6
...tory system of small ruminants from clinical and research perspectives. However, there is still a lack of understanding of this disease’s pathophysiological changes and impact on the reproductive system of affected animals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine at the reproductive hormonal profile of female goats experimentally infected with Mannheimia haemolytica serotype A2 during rainy and hot seasons....
Taufiq Bachtiar1, Muftia Hanani2, Anisiyah2, Winda Puspitasari2, Wahidin Teguh Sasongko3, Teguh Wahyono4*
Gamilat A. Elsaid1, Weam Mohamed Baher1*, Eman Shukry1, Abeer E. Abd El. Ghafar2, Marwa Shalaby1
Hamdy Abdala Elnagar1, Wael Mohamed Wafa1*, Abdel-Khalek El-Sayed Abdel-Khalek2
...open and number of inseminations per conception. In most postpartum days of all groups, serum P4 and E2 concentrations were in association with conception rate. In conclusion, the dual treatment of lactating cows on day 15 postpartum with 0.6 NAC/kg (orally for 7 days) plus 1% NAC (IU infusion for 3 days) may improve t...
Tahreer Mohammed Al-Thuwaini*, Ali Basim Abd Al-Hadi
...t in single and twin pregnancies in Awassi ewes. Within the current study, 232 sexually mature, healthy ewes (109 with twins and 123 with single pregnancies) between the ages of 3 and 4 years were evaluated. The body measurements and the live body weight of each animal were determined. This study revealed that lamb sex significantly (P ≤ 0.05) influences the live body weight of Awassi ewes. Association a
Eman M. Aboelela1, Mohamed A. Sobieh2, Eman M. Abouelhassan3, Doaa S. Farid4, Essam S. Soliman2*
... aimed to conduct a seasonal cross-sectional survey on the point prevalence (PP) of ectoparasitic infestations in dogs and cats concerning some host, agent, and environmental determinants. A cross-sectional study was designed to last for four successive seasons from September 21st, 2020 to September 20th, 2021. A total of 1393 cats and 1511 dogs were adm...
Ali Basim Abd Al-Hadi*, Tahreer Mohammed Al-Thuwaini, Mohammed Baqur Sahib Al-Shuhaib
...enetics and endocrine signal transpositions between the pituitary and the ovary play a crucial role in the reproductive traits of sheep. Genetic polymorphism of candidate genes is associated with economic traits. Follistatin (FST) gene is one of the most notable potential candidate genes linked to economic traits. This study aimed to assess the genetic variation of the FST gene and reproductive hormones in Awassi sheep. Genomic D
Peyman Mohammadzadeh1*, Aida Rasuli2, Bahman Noroozi Gorgani2, Sajjad Mohammadi3
...intracranial and intraspinal courses, temporal were seen. Due to unilateral brain herniation, the tonsillar hernia was associated with hemorrhage and linear necrosis rather than only bulging. The corpus callosum and fornix had small areas of hemorrhage that indicated a sign of diffuse traumatic axonal injury. In histopathology, activated microglia and reactive astrogliosis were seen. The cause of death was TBI followed by ey...
Lyudmila Yakovlevna Rodionova*, Irina Valeryevna Sobol, Lyudmila Vladimirovna Donchenko, Artem Vasilevich Stepovoy and Andrey Georgievich Koshchaev
...in the diet of different nations. However, depending on the region of cultivation, the amount of their nutrients and nutritional changes. The research aimed to study biochemical parameters (the content of dry substances, sugars, organic acids, vitamin C, carotene, pectin substances) of pumpkin varieties grown in the south of Russia. In the course of the study, standardized and modern methods of physical and chemical a
Farmer’s Access to ICTs Tools and Productivity Enhancement in District Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Ayesha Khan*, Mohammad Tariq Aziz, Urooba Pervaiz and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
...cted from three villages namely Hajizai, Katozai and Batagram of tehsil Shabqadar. A sample of 112 respondents was drawn through proportional allocation technique based on 10% of total 1120 registered farmers. A pre-tested and well-developed interview schedule was used to collect primary data. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data. Results indicated th...
Zahin Anjum1*, Farhat Shehzad1, Shaista Ali1, Sumbla Yousaf2, Amina Rahat1 and Hamid Ullah Shah3
...illing procedures, were analyzed for its PAHs content. A total of 120 samples were collected from local food vendor spots or general restaurants, and control samples of gas and electric grilled meat samples were also prepared and analyzed. Significant difference sp≤0.05 in PAHs levels were observed in different grilling procedures. Among the mutton samples, the highest concentration of PAHs was recorded in mutton grilled ...
Muhammad Jamil1*, Kamran Javed1 and Imran Akhtar2
...dy. Principal component analysis, along with agglomerative hierarchical clustering tools were employed. Twenty-four recently bred upland cotton strains bearing diversified origin were configured in triplicate following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The data for novel attributes were recorded. Analysis of variance results indicated that a significant level of variation was existing among the strains for disease ind...
Khaliq Dad1, Fenliang Zhao2, Rumsha Hassan3, Kainat Javed3, Humaira Nawaz4, Muhammad Usman Saleem5, Tahreem Fatima6 and Muhamad Nawaz3*
... heavy metals and contaminants. This review paper has focused on the toxic nature of different pesticides, impacts and their possible refinement strategies from the environment as well as ways to minimize their impacts on plants and animals as adverse impacts of pesticides have also been observed on the human health, plants and other animals which need to control by reducing the use, release and synthesis on large scale....
Amina Batool1*, Saba Aleem1, Ali Nawaz1, Muhammad Imran Khan1, Waheed Arshad1, Muhammad Aslam2, Shiraz Ali3 and Muhammad Zeeshan3
...stem, it can be easily managed. An indiscrimination in seeding rate can lead to higher production cost but will also result in decline of crop yield and quality. Hence, the present experiment was designed to establish the optimal seeding density of three different wheat genotypes (Fatehjang-2016, Dharabi-11 and 16FJ17) of the Barani Areas to attain maximum economic yield. The research experiment was ma<...
Zohair S. Mulla1*, Mostafa M. Abdelhafeez2
...ree bovine meat products namely, ground beef, beef burger, and beef sausage retailed in Saudi Arabia. Bacteriological examinations involved the estimation of total bacterial count (TBC), total psychrophilic count (TPsC), most probable number (MPN) of coliforms, and MPN of E. coli. In addition, isolation, and identification of shiga toxin producing E. coli were further conducted. An experimental trial was done for improvement...
Xiaoguang Su1,*, Yanjun Gao2, Yanling Wang1 and Yaohui Ma2
Iqra Ejaz1, Saima Chaudhry2 and Sarah Ghafoor1*
...gel, having a novel combination of 1% curcumin and licorice, in an animal model of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), as a possible treatment modality. Animal model of OSMF was created by injecting an anti-cancer drug Bleomycin (1mg/mL) into buccal mucosa of animals daily for 8 weeks. The 24 male Wistar rats were equally divided into two groups; six rats (group 1A) were injected with normal saline (control group) while 18 rats (groups 1B, 2A and 2B, experimental ...
Rahmat Ullah Khan1*, Asif Sadam2, Karim Gabol1, Waheed Ali Panhwar3, Sajid Mahmood4, Mustafa Kamal5, Hamid Ullah6, Syed Abidullah7, Muhammad Tufail8, Bashir Ahmad4, Gul Bacha Khan4 and Habib Ul Hassan1
...y with closed eyes and a naked body. They opened their eyes on average after 3.27±0.4 days of hatching. Their wing and tail feathers grew on an average of 3.8±0.3 day of age. On the 8th day, their average morphometry (cm) was: body length 6.7±0.1, wingspan 4.8±0.1, tail feathers 0.8±0.7, beak 0.7±0.3, chest 2±0.1, legs 2.02±0.5, middle claw 0.2±0.04, hind claw 0.4±0.04, and average body weig...
Lin Li1,2, Pingsheng Ye1, Xi Chen1, Shuping Yan1 and Yuanshu Zhang1*
...olism is active when ruminant is on lactation period. The aim of this study was to evaluate liver metabolism adaptation to high-concentrate diet-induced milk fat depression (MFD). Six Saanen dairy goats were randomly divided into 2 groups and fed either a high-forage (HF) diet or a high- concentrate (HC) diet. The high-concentrate diet caused lower milk fat content and milk fat yield, namely induced MFD. While, the net hepat...
Liyun Chang1, Aiju Liu2, Jianshuang Zhang3, Yingbin Chen1 and Zhiyong Liu4*
...uced to express a recombinant protein (SAG2), identified using SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. The purified protein was then used as a coating antigen to establish an indirect ELISA method for detecting the T. gondii antibody in pet cats, whose reaction conditions were optimized. The SAG2 gene was successfully cloned into a pET-21a (+) prokaryotic expression vector, and the recombinant...
Muhammad Furqan and Zulfiqar Ali
...epare conservation and management strategies in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. The diet analysis was done through crop contents of kalij pheasants, threats were assessed through field surveys, communities meeting, and data from 250 questionnaires during April 2020 and March 2021. Based on analysis of threats data, conservation ma...
Shambel Boki Dabi
...e concentrations of the analyzed parameters vary among streams and river basins, they are generally within the range of fish production....
Mudssar Ali1*, Muhammad Awais Ahmad1, Asif Sajjad2 and Shafqat Saeed1
...mong the top ten traditional oil seed crops of Pakistan. The present study is aimed to compare the effectiveness of native honey bees and solitary bees for better seed production of sesame and future conservation of effective insect pollinators. The sesame crop was grown during two years (2019 & 2020) at the research farm of MNS- University of Agriculture Multan, Pakistan. Abundance an...
Asma Fatima*, Ghulam Abbas and Shahnaz Rashid
Qian Chong1, Muhammad Mohsin2*, Zhu Ting1, Chen Qiqi1 and Ana Mehak3
...mmercial fisheries in China as these resources are rich in fish fauna. However, decreased fish biomass catch has been observed during recent years, putting a big question about the ongoing stock status of commercial fisheries. Therefore, this paper strives to appraise the population dynamics of Trichiurus lepturus in Zhejiang, China which would help fish...
Fei Wang1, Xiaofen Hu1, Feng Wen2, Xiaoen Tang3, Shanshan Yang1, Shengwei Zhong1, Zuohong Zhou1, Xu Yuan1 and Yong Li1,*
...tify;">Vasoactive intestinal peptide plays double roles as gastrointestinal hormone and neuropeptide. Due to few reports on vasoactive intestinal peptide in pigeon, the present study was aim to further explore the correlation between its molecular bioinformatics characteristics and biological function. After the desired RNA
Muhammad Kashif Iqbal1*, Khalid Mehmood2,4, Shakeel Ahmed3, Fazul Nabi4, Muhammad Arif Rizwan1, Muhammad Kaleem1, Mushtaq Ahmed1, Abdul Waheed1 and Jiakui Li5
...GF and Flk-1 genes were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) on day 10 and 14 post-hatch. Liver damage caused by thiram was analyzed through levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD; GSH-Px) and serum biomarkers and the protective effects of the medicine was assessed through these values. Results showed that VEGF mRNA levels w...
Rida Haroon Durrani1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1*, Masood Rabbani1, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan2, Aneela Zameer Durrani3, Salman Ashraf1, Muhammad Anas Naeem1, Muhammad Usman3 and Tauqeer Mahmood4
...tigate the effect of oro-nasal phage delivery on bacterial population. As prophylaxis, oral phage delivery via drinking water and feed resulted in a significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in bacterial numbers with a mean log101.43, log101.17, log101.92 and log101.625 on 3rd and 6th dpc, respectively. The least reduction was seen in the birds that received cocktail intranasally showing log100.85 on the 3rd day. As a delayed trea...
Mohammed A. Almujtaba1, Turky Omar Asar2, Salma Naqvi3, Vikas Kumar4, Fahad A. Al-Abbasi1, Abdulbasit I. Al-Sieni1 and Firoz Anwar1*
...report that its alkaline nature renders it a therapeutic potential. We aimed to determine the effect of Zamzam water in doxorubicin induced cardiac remodeling in rats. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups (n=6) for 28 days of experimental protocol. Group-1 served as normal control (NC), group 2 as doxorubicin control (DC), group 3 as doxorubicin+ Zamzam treatment (DZ) and group 4 as Zamzam control (ZZ). Doxorubicin (1mg/ kg bw) was injected i.p. ...
Abid Ali1*, Safia Naureen Malik3, Muhammad Akmal2, Hafeez Ullah Rafa2 and Abid Subhani3
... The water samples were analyzed in Soil and Water Testing Laboratory Gujranwala for electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), chloride (Cl) and sodium (Na) of the groundwater. The results revealed that out of 565 samples, 231 (41%) were fit; 149 (26%) were marginally fit, and; 185 (33%) were unfit regarding their quality. The maximum sam...
Diagnosis of Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Bovine Mastitis using its Affinity Purified Fraction
Ehab A. Fouad1*, Khaled A. Abd El-Razik2 , Eman H. Abdel-Rahman3
... / 20 min and were homogenate in phosphate buffer saline and centrifuged at 15000 rpm / 20 min that known as the crude antigen. It entered to affinity column chromatography [Cyanogen Bromide-Sepharose 4B (CNBr-Sepharose 4B)] (Sigma Chemical Co.), obtain the fraction. In brief, IgG of cows S. aureus positive sera were purified by precipitation with 50% ammonium sulphate followed by purification with Protein A Sepharose gel. The separated IgG was dialyzed for 3 ...
Tasya Nur Karina1, Osfar Sjofjan2, Tri Eko Susilorini2, Muhammad Halim Natsir2*
...five replications. Data analysis from this study Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results show that the treatments had no significant effect (p >0.05) on production performance and egg physical quality. To sum up, using date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) has positive effect on the growth performance and egg quality of ISA BROWN laying hen because can be alter
Muhammad Kashif Maan1*, Rohma Shabbir2
... the hydatidsis in veterinary patients. A 2-year ram was presented to Surgery teaching hospital of University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore with the complaint of progressive exophthalmos with proptosis without pain, disturbance in ocular motility, visual deterioration, and chemosis. There was no evidence of presence of cyst in lungs and liver upon radiographic examination. Rhin...
Amira Adel Taha AL-Hosary1, Walaa Mostafa2*
...nical and parasitic examinations were performed, and infested cats were assigned to one of four treatment groups. Each group was treated with one of the following drugs: Frontline®-Merial, BARS® ampules, BARS® ear drops, and the last group received a combination of Frontline® and BARS® ear drops. The most prevalent clinical signs were pruritus, dermatitis, frequent scratching of the ears, and head shaking...
Ahmed A. Mohammed1, Madeha H. A. Darwish1, Eman A.A. Negm2, Ayman S. Abdel- Maguid3
...and the control group. Finally, the results found that the two groups L and H showed a significant increase in the most productive performance parameters at the most periods time. The results also endly indicated that the 1 g/kg dose (0.5 concentration) of probiotics provided for group H was better than the low concentration of probiotics provided for group L (0.25 concentration). The study concluded that extention of the investigated probiotic (L. delbrueckii...
Muhammad Haris Raza Farhan1*, Qamar Iqbal1, Tariq Jamil1, Muhammad Fayaz2, Abdul Kabir2,3, Eid Nawaz2, Marjan Ali2, Shumaila Manzoor2
...ress ...
Guang Yin, Wencheng Kong, Yuqiang Shan, Jian Zhang, Rongchao Ying and Sixin Zheng*
.../b> were designated as the TINCR-siRNA + cisplatin group, and only cells treated with cisplatin were designated as cisplatin group. The expression levels of TINCR and miR-646 in the cells of the control group, NC-siRNA group and TINCR-siR
Zhaojun Wang1, Yang Zhou2 and Xinghua Song3*
...jection of sodium hyaluronate combined with betamethasone into knuckle articular cavity in knee osteoarthritis treatment, and to analyze its effect on the prognosis of knee joint function. A total of 120 knee osteoarthritis patients admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to February 2020 were selected as the study subjects and randomly divided into control group and observation group (60 cases each). The control group wa...
Murat Durmuş* and Nazan Koluman
...t of each group in the final of the fattening period were slaughter and then carcass parameters were evaluated. According to the obtained results, there was no statistically significant difference between lambs and kids in terms of initial and final live weights and feed conversion ratios (P>0.05). However, the difference between the two species with regard to feed consumption and live weight gains during the 8-week fatte...
Shujaat Hussain1*, Muhammad Saqib1, Khurram Ashfaq1 and Zia ud Din Sindhu2
...ellosis in camels additional investigations are obligatory....
Effects of Antibiotics on Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Intestinal Microflora of Broilers
Shahan Azeem1*, Muhammad Akram Muneer2, Liaquat Ahmad3, Sameera Akhtar1 and Talat Naseer Pasha4,5
...ntibody response, intestinal microflora, and feed efficiency of broilers. Forty-five day-old broiler chickens were randomly divided into five treatments and housed under identical husbandry conditions. Antibiotic-free poultry feed was procured from a commercial feed mill. The antibiotics were mixed in the feed as per the manufacturer’s instructions and offered ad libitum to the chickens for the entire study period. The chickens were vacci
Hairul Islam M. Ibrahim1,2, Abdalla A. Sayed1,3, Abdel Naser A. Ahmed4,5 and Emad A. Ahmed*1,6
...luated by histochemical analysis. T-cell population and cytokines levels in myelin oligodendrocyte glyco-protein (MOG) challenged PCB treated cells were estimated using flow cytometry and ELISA kits. Apoptotic and neuronal markers were evaluated using quantitative real time PCR and protein blots. Results showed that PCB inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells and improved the myelin protective proteins. It also posi...
Md. Sabuj Rahman and Md. Mahmudul Alam*
...al after using of incisional cecostomy technique in a calf treated for intestinal atresia. A 2-day-old cross-bred bovine calf was brought to Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh having atresia coli with atresia ani et recti. Bypass surgery was performed using incisional cecostomy techniques. After 10 da...
Idrissa Sacko1, Madou Dao1, Souleymane Sanogo1,2*, B. Michel Orounladji2, Kaly Diakité1, Diakaridia Traore3, Mamadou D. Coulibaly1, Amadou B. Cisse1
...at) using artificial vagina. Semen volume, mass motility and live and dead sperm counts (spz) were measured by direct reading and electronic microscopy with a direct image transfer system on screen, respectively. Sperm concentration and total sperm count in ejaculate were determined by microscopy using single chamber Neubauer cell. Results show that ejaculate volume was influenced (p < 0.05) by individual (buck). Besides, individual and period of collection...
Omnia Mohamed Khattab1*, Hala Kamel Abdelmegeed2, Mohamed Mahmoud Mashaly1, Mervat Hamdy1*, Naglaa Hagag1, Ayman Hamed3, Hanan Aly Fahmy3, Essam Ibrahim4, Momtaz Abdelhady Shahein2, Elsayyad Mohamed Ahmed2
...lates with phylogenetic analysis reveals the full identity between the Egyptian isolates from the outbreaks and other EHV-4 strains available in databases proving wide distance with other EHV-8 and EHV-1. The study recommends rt-PCR as a screening test for the tentative diagnosis of EHV-4 in epidemiological studies and n-PCR as a sensitive differential test for the virus detection. The virological studies and molecular assays confirm the involvement of EHV-4 i...
Muhammad Khalil Nawaz* and Muhammad Akbar Khan
...report on occurrence of enamel hypoplasia (EH) in extinct mammals of Chabbar Syedan. Three types of EH were observed: single linear hypoplasia, multiple linear hypoplasia and pitting enamel hypoplasia. Single linear hypoplasia is the most common type of EH observed in Chabbar Syedan mammals. The low occurrence (only 8%) of EH provide a clue for stable community and favorable paleoenvironmental conditions in studied site duri...
Muhammad Akram1*, Muhammad Imtiaz Shafiq2, Amber Malik3, Farmanullah Khan4, Munir Ahmad Bhinder5 and Muhammad Sajjad6
...ress, the most important natural antioxidant defense mechanisms include endogenous glutathione concentration, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase (GST). GST neutralizes reactive oxygen species to regulate physical homeostasis in the body. The target of this study was to evaluate the molecular role of GST genotypic polymorphism involved in the development of CVD. For this case-control study, a total of 504 participants including 261 CV...
Deepesh Kumar Bhuptani1, Atta Hussain Shah1*, Gul Bahar Khaskheli1, Zubair Ahmed Laghari2, Ghulam Shabir Bahram1, Muneer Ahmed Jamali1, Tarique Ahmed Khokhar1
...re. Food and feed contamination by mycotoxins are among key factors creating food insecurity. There are various forms of aflatoxin (AF) occurring in foods of plant origin (B1, B2, G1, and G2) and animal origin (M1 and M2). Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a geno-toxic carcinogen and is less lethal but it is still cytotoxic. The present study was conducted on prevalence and quantification of AFM1 in raw buffalo milk in Sindh province. A total of three hundred and fifteen...
Xinran Wang1,2 and Lizhi Zhou1,2*
...e partners through coordinated and synchronous vigilance modes. In this paper, we aimed to shed light on behavioral strategies adaptive to anthropogenic disturbances. Vigilance behavior of wintering Grus monacha was observed to assess the effect of traffic intensity on their vigilance mode at Shengjin Lake, a Ramsar Site in China. Disturbance intensity was divided into three levels, and th...
Agus Mulyono
...ems regarding sex determination, causing delays in normal mating. Further impact on the crossbreeding efforts of Java sparrow. This study aims to determine the sex detection process of Java sparrow through color and texture analysis of Java sparrow beak image with classification method using ANFIS and determine the level of accuracy. In this study there are 3 stages, namely preprocessing, ...
Hakan Kececi1*, Yasin Ozturk2, M. Bahaeddin Dortbudak3, Seda Yakut4, Gurdal Dagoglu5 and Merve Ozturk1
...iochemical effects were analyzed. No histopathological change was detected in the liver and kidney tissues of the rats in the experimental groups. Both hematological and serum biochemical values (Ca, P, TBIL, ALT, AST, ALP, Urea, and Creatinine) were within the physiological limits in all groups. Consequently, in light of the obtained data, it was observed that the rats were not exposed to any toxic effect even when they consumed a stomach full of cocklebur fr...
Eman A. Al-Shahari1,2, Eman R. ElBealy3, Abdelhalim A. Alkhazendar4 and Abeer A. Alm-Eldeen4*
...gn: justify;">Aging is a natural biological process that leads to deterioration in the liver structures and functions due to oxidative stress and the reduction in the oxidative damage’s tolerance. Quercetin, a flavonoid has the ability to face the oxidative injury through its antioxidant activity. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the possible role of quercetin in modulating liver’s function and structure in aged male rats. F...
Muhammad Jalees
...engthened supply chain management (SCM) and providing a competitive advantage over their rivals. Companies tend to look into smart technologies to convince their customers/consumers for selling their items. Electronic marketing is an integral part of SCM to attract consumers around the globe, which may extend to the next level when the incorporation strategy between the supply chain partners starts to exist. This study helps to ana
Samreen Fatima* and Muddasir-Uddin
...ht: normal;">Portfolio managers, investors and policymakers are interested in predicting volatility to achieve higher profits or lower risk positions. Due to economic globalization and advancement in information technology, the financial market has become increasingly unstable therefore to understand the pattern of the volatility is difficult. This study aims to compare the performance of Artificial Neural Network (ANNs) and...
Mehroze Amin1, Afifa Yaqub1, Qindeel Fatima1, Rabail Hassan Toor1,3 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori1,2*
...dney cell line HEK2093. Analysis of the cytotoxicity and proliferation parameters showed that higher concentrations of metformin were cytotoxic for the breast cancer cells with EC50 of 22.75µM. Analysis of expression of p53 and the interacting partner genes showed that metformin upregulated p53 expression in a dose-dependent manner, while the expression of interacting partners is downregulated indicating that metformin...
Jiacheng Du and Yuping Cao*
...ex hormone level and pregnancy outcome in patients with the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) who underwent Invitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). This study selected 200 patients with PCOS who took IVF-ET in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2020 as subjects. The study subjects were divided into group A (low-level group, n=90) and group B (high-level group, n=110) according to serum AMH levels; and group C (successful group, n= 88) and group...
Jie Zhang, Na Li, Tingting Guo, Dandan Hu, Xiaofeng XU and Lili Zhang*
...nt> high-throughput analysis. The rumen fluid was collected from 9-month-old Tan sheep that were either house-fed or grazed. The results showed that the diversity of rumen flora in the grazing group was significantly higher than that in the house-raised group (P < 0.01). In the grazing group, the abundance of 96 genera was significantly higher than that in the house-raised group (P < 0.05), whereas in the house-raised group, the abundance of only 24 ...
Chemoprotective Effect of Daphnetin against Benzene Induced Leukemia Cancer via Alteration of CYP2E1
Junling Liu, Chen Sun, Qiao Yu, Yanzhi Liang, Shanshan Lin and Meng Tian*
...ify;">Leukemia is a malignant disease of blood forming tissue inducing the over-production of large number of immature blood cells that enter the peripheral blood. Leukemia considered as the 9th most common cancer in men and 12th in women. Available treatment for leukemia are chemotherapy, allogeneic cell transplantation and radiation therapy with side effects. Due to side effect linked with the treatment, medicinal herbs tr...
Afifa Yaqub1, Mehroze Amin1, Qindeel Fatima1, Rabail Hassan Toor1,3, Saira Aftab1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori1,2*
...reast cancer cell line. Analysis of growth and proliferation parameters by various cell-based assays such as neutral red assay and BrdU cell proliferation assay showed that higher concentrations were lethal for the cancerous cells. IC50 was found to be 12.6 µM. Further contextualization of the therapeutic potential of G9a inhibition was provided by expression analysis of the G9a gene and genes associated with cell prol...
Zannatul Ferdous1, Abdul Goffar Sarder2, Mustasim Famous3*, Mahfuza Ferdous4, Shahabuddin Ahmed5 and Md. Amir Hossain6
...rowth promoters and alternatives to antibiotics in broilers....
Muhammad Hanif Chandio1,2*, Naeem Tariq Narejo2, Muhammad Farooq Hassan3, Faheem Sadar4, Nasiruddin Shaikh1, Bushra Ainy Dars5, Ghulam Abass6, Asma Fatima6 and Shahnaz Rashid6
...the rearing of fish, Channa punctatus in terms of weight gain (grams) and survival ratio (%) was investigated. Present trial was conducted for a period of 90 days in cemented tanks at University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan. Different stocking densities were determined such as 10, 15, and 20 fish/m2were selected and placed in different treatments (I-III) with two replicates Fish were fed all parts of chicken (APC) with 10% of their body weight. The results of ...
Nadia Farooq1*, Asad Ullah1, Mussawar Shah1 and Muhammad Idrees2
...tion instrument/ questionnaire. This study revealed that majority of the respondents was graduate, unemployed and belongs to farming families. Moreover, the majority of respondents’ families were having 8-12 acres of arable agricultural land. However, respondents were lacking very limited access to arable land due to various problems; which decline their interest in the agricultural sector....
Gawhara Ahmed-Abdelmonem1*, Zeinab Aboezz2, Ahmed Habashi1, Saad Sharawi2
...eady existing and incriminated lastly in serval problems in cattle population. So, this study aimed at molecular characterization of serotype A FMDV that has been involved in the latest FMD outbreaks in Egypt. Thirty-six samples (26 blood and 10 oral epithelial tissue samples) were obtained from suspected cattle in three Egyptian governorates during 2019-2020. The samples were screened for FMDV by means of real‑time RT‑PCR that showed nearly 86% (n=31) of ...
Aysam Fayed1, Mohga A Ibrahem2, Soha A. Hassan3, Mohammed Abdalla Hussein4*, Tamer Roshdy1
...otal cholesterol, Paraoxonase1 ...
Xiangli Dong1,2, Shilin Mikhail Borisovich2, Jiji Li1,*, Jianyu He1, Zeqin Fu1, Yingying Ye1, Julia N. Lukina3, Olga V. Apalikova4 and Jianshe Zhang1
...rtant receptor for the innate immune response. It is a member of the C-type lectin domain family, and has two subunits, MRC1 and MRC2. The MRC1 and MRC2 cDNA sequences have been analyzed and characterized in the large yellow croaker, a highly valued, farm raised fish that is vulnerable to many infections. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) a
Zahra Naz1,2, Fouzia Ismat1, Muhammad Saleem2, Mazhar Iqbal1, Aamir Shehzad1 and Moazur Rahman1,2*
... to its highly conserved nature among NDV strains and also due to its pivotal role in the viral life cycle, the M protein can be employed as a promising diagnostic antigen for reliable detection of NDV infection in chickens. In the present study, we have devised a strategy for extraction and solubilization of the NDV M protein from Escherichia coli in a single step using a non-ionic detergent, lauryl-dimethylamine oxide (LDAO), ena
Umar Farooq Gohar, Attia Majeed, Bushra Muneer* and Hamid Mukhtar
...ify;">Podophyllotoxin, a naturally occurring aryl tetralin lignan produced by few plant species and endophytic fungi is used as precursor for the chemical synthesis of the anticancer drugs. In the present study, for the isolation of podophyllotoxin producing endophytic fungi 30 plant (Podophyllum hexandrum) samples were collected from different localities of Pakistan. About 261 fungal strains isolated, among them 22 strains ...
Muhammad Hassan Naseem1, Muhammad Mansha1*, Muhammad Triq1 and Peter C. Thomson2
...d control subjects were analysed to evaluate the effect of shisha smoking on blood pressure, BMI (body mass index) and blood parameters, namely HB (hemoglobin), RBCs (red blood cells), WBCs (White blood cells), PLTs (platelets), MCV (mean corpuscular volume), MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin), MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin), MPV (mean platelets volume) RDWc (red cell distribution width), PDWc (platelets distribution widt...
Zaidi Zona, Zulfiqar Ali*, Rida Ahmad and Irfan Zainab
...era and 13 families. To analyze the data, principal component analysis (PCA) was done by using XLSTAT and excel 2019 to study the factors affecting the water quality. The eigenvalues obtained after PCA from zone 1 to zone 5 were 5.40, 2.40, 1.90, 0.28 and <0.28, respectively. The higher eigenvalue of zone 1 suggests large dispersion of data in this region. Furthermore, the findings in the study indicate that warm water, h...
Maria Endo Mahata1*, Hamdan Sukri Lubis1, Takayuki Ohnuma2, Yose Rizal1
... the interaction between natural pellet binders and dosage in producing pellet made of Miana plant as poultry feedstuffs. This experiment was administered in a completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was natural pellet binders composed of brown seaweed Sargassum binderi, taro tubers (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott), and tapioca flour (Manihot utilissima), and ...
Nguyen Hai Quan, Nguyen Huu Van*, Nguyen Thanh Thuy, Vo Thi Minh Tam, Le Duc Thao, Le Duc Ngoan
...DE and ME values for ruminants were 3,436 and 2,818 kcal/kg DM, respectively. In Exp. 2, eight treatments included: Control (CTL) – without any additives; Salt 0.5% added to CTL (SCTL); Cassava byproduct added to CTL at 5, 10 and 15% (CB5, CB10 and CB15, respectively); Molasses added to CTL at 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% (M2.5, M5.0 and M7.5, respectively). Samples were collected at day 0, 7, 14 and 21 for pH and ammonia, and day 0 and 21 for chemical a
Hanan Saad El-Samahy, Amani Abd El-Naby Hafez, Mohamed Talat Ragab, Disouky Mohamed Mourad*
... multocida), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) . The most prevalent detected bacteria were E coli (13) followed by M. gallisepticum (12), ORT (12) and M. meleagridis (7). Two farms reported single infection, one with M. gallisepticum and one with E. coli. Only one farm had no infection while mixed infection recorded in 14 farms. P. multocida and P. aeruginosa were not detected. It was concluded that Balady breed had a higher resistance than other bree...
Muhammad Rizwan, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza*, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed and Muhammad Arshad
...e fitted in integrated management of mealybug would be the use of phytoextracts having insecticidal activity. The main objective of this study was to find out the toxic effect of various plant extracts against D. mangiferae. Three concentrations (i.e. 6.25, 12.5 and 25.0%) of leaf extracts of neem, Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae), eucalyptus Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. (Myrtaceae), datura Datura stramonium L. (Solana<...
Mutassim Abdelrahman1, Ibrahim Alhidary1, Majdi Bahaddi1,2, Mohsen Alobre1,3, Riyadh Aljumaah1 and Rifat Ullah Khan4, *
...e collected for mineral analysis by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Results indicate that there is no significant difference (P >0.05) between the concentration of all the elements in all lambs’ tissues, except for the concentration of aluminum in kidney and rumen fluid, as well as Mn in rumen fluid. Moreover, Mn concentration in rumen fluid was significantly (P < 0.05) decrease with zeolite supplementation, with significa...
Shahbaz Ahmed1, Mubeen Ahmad1, Muhammad Razaq1* and Farhan Mahmood Shah1,2*
... The pest is routinely managed through use of insecticides. Insecticides due to their toxic effects are mostly not desired for use on food crops. Thus, alternative approaches such as biological and cultural control are more desirable. This research explores irrigation stress impacts on wheat aphids, predators, and yield characteristics under field conditions. The wheat crop was stressed at any of the tillering, booting, head...
Hazem E. M. Hassanien1*, Awad M. M. Mahmoud2, Elsayed M. Abdel-Raouf1, Nabil M. Eweedah1 and Midhat. N. Nassif3
Ejaz Ur Rehman1, Shakeel Ahmad2, Fathul Bari3*, Tanveer Khan2, Naveed Ullah Khan2, Abdullah Khan4 and Romaan Hayat Khattak2
...study area. The most dominant activities performed by the white-throated kingfisher was flying (33.3%) and resting (33.3%) followed by hunting (25.1%) and preening (8.3%). Flying and hunting activities are mostly concentrated in the early morning and evening times which correspond to the energy needs of the species and the resting time peaked during mid-day, may be associated with temperature coping strategy. Difference observed in pre and post hatching activi...
Faiza Ghazanfar1, Masood Rabbani1*, Aamir Ghafoor2 and Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq3
...g development and contaminates it during slaughter. Outbreaks mostly start from the ingestion of contaminated poultry products or infected water. Reducing colonization of Campylobacter jejuni in the gut can be useful in decreasing the contamination of the poultry. Different organic acids display potential as a substitute of antibiotics. These not only improve poultry performance by modifyi...
Malik Fiaz Hussain1, Atif Akbar2, Muhammad Asif1, Laraib Nisar3, Muhammad Naeem Ashiq3 and Furhan Iqbal1*
...lign: justify;">Ni oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) are extensively used in industries dealing with welding, electroplating and in production of alloys but despite of their large scale uses, it is expected that they might have lot more drawbacks than their bulky counter parts. Present investigation was aimed to document the effect of two different doses of NiO NPs on behavior of albino mice in a sex specific manner. Five weeks old albino mice (N = 48) of both sex...
Saleha Tabassum1, Muneeza Zafar1,2, Munazza Raza Mirza1*, Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary1,3, Ikram ul Haq4, Imran Riaz Malik2, Ambreen Ansari1 and Mehtab Alam5
...mportant role in T-cell, natural killer (NK) cell, NKT cell and dendritic cell trafficking. These chemokines were suggested for their use as alternative markers for TB diagnosis, and their possible involvement in disease pathophysiology. In the present study, we investigated the genetic association and frequency of CXCL9 and CXCL10 genes polymorphisms in TB patients of Pakistani population. A total of 260 study participants,...
Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1, Ibrahim Alhidary1, Mohsen Alobre1, Riyadh S. Aljumaah1 and Rifat Ullah Khan2*
Qi Zhuo, Yuanchun Yao, Meisongzhu Yang*, Jinhua Chen and Miao Tian
...were collected, and malignant and normal tissues were confirmed pathologically. The breast cancer cell line MDAMB-231 and the immortalized normal breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A were used in this study. Western blot analysis of miR-216b-5p and HDAC8 protein expression in tissue samples; reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) real-time analysis of miR-216b-5p, HDAC8 mR
Zhang Yan1,2 and Muhammad Mohsin3*
...mportant to ensure sustainable harvesting of fishery resources in China. Therefore, this study endeavors to estimate the fishery status of Trichiurus lepturus in Shandong, China. For this purpose, fishery statistics, 2007–2018 were statistically evaluated by surplus production models (SPMs). These models were applied to data through computer-based manually operated statistical routin...
Victoria Rankotsane Hlokoe, Thobela Louis Tyasi*
... ...
Saba Rashid*, Rehan Ashraf, Hafiza Faseeha Iftikhar, Zohaib Bilal Khan, Samreen Sanawar, Aamina Jamil, Misha Salam Bajwa, Manahil Riaz
...sia, as well as a preliminary classification and clinical approach to reporting cases. In the clinical approach to movement disorders, we recommend categorizing movements into hyperkinetic vs hypokinetic, paroxysmal vs persistent, exercise-induced vs not related to exercise, and a genetic or unknown cause that involves defined movements with the help of suggested terminologies described here. Classical canine distemper is a multisystemic disease that typically...
Lukman Affandhy*, Muchamad Luthfi*, Yeni Widyaningrum, Dian Ratnawati, Mutia Primananda
...ivided into two periods, namely 8 and 16 weeks after GnRH administration. Parameters that were measured include volume, acidity, color, consistency, mass motility, individual motility, spermatozoa concentration, viability, and libido. Data were analyzed using the ANOVA test. The results showed that the volume and pH of semen did not differ in all treatments, but treatment A showed cream color and thick consistency over treat...
Alexander Tsybulsky1*, Eduard Kostetsky1, Anton Degtyarenko2, Michail Shchelkanov1,2,3
...in the practice of veterinary oncologists. Complementing these laboratory tests with methods for assessing the expression of interferon (IFN) genes can expand the possibilities of diagnosing animal cancers and improve the accuracy of differential diagnosis of benign and malignant neoplasms, in particular of the mammary gland (MG). Methods. Surgical material obtained after unilateral mastectomy with simultaneous hysterovariec...
Febriza Dwiranti1, Nur Fadhilah2, Ursula Paulawati Maker2, Priyo Sambodo3*
...entiation by laboratory analysis. Descriptive morphological data and quantitative data were analyzed using ANOVA testing. The adult cuscus appeared to have more spots (the male spotted pattern was larger than that of the female) than the juvenile cuscus, where the body pattern had not formed spots (spread). Based on such an obvious spot pattern, the sexes of S. papuensis could be distinguished by males having larger spots th...
Abdulkhaliq A. Al-Janabi1*, Mohammad S. Alsalami1, Arkan B. Mohammed1, Abdulkhaliq A.R. Al-Douri2
...AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT), were significantly decreased in both Omega-3 treated groups compared to the control. In conclusion, the supplement with Omega-3 (150 and 300 µl) induced the growth rate, and liver enzymes, and reduced their lipid profiles, suggesting it would be a beneficial dietary supplement for rabbits.
Keywords | Omega-3, Polyunsaturated fatty acids, Dietary supplement, Albino rabbits, Animal feeding.
...
Heba S.S. Salem1, Hend M. Megahed2, Marwa M. Sarhan2, Maha M. El Alem3, Gehan N. Alagmy3*
...S. aureus). Thirsty-five naturally infected cases of rabbits with arthritis were screened for the prevalence of S. aureus as a causative agent. S. aureus was diagnosed in 40% of the examined cases via traditional culture methods and molecular confirmation using PCR. All tested S. aureus isolates were positive for virulence-associated genes (nuc, icaA, and Hlg). In an experimental trial, a total of 75 healthy rabbits were div...
Khurram Sheraz* and Taj Ali Khan
...xt-align: justify;">The analysis of the meteorological indices provides valuable information about the evolution of climate during past and may predict its reflection in the future. Analysis of trends in meteorological variables is challenging as they are of non-stationary nature and may include both stochastic and noise components. The aim of this resea...
Muhammad Jamil1*, Muhammad Hussnain Babar2, Aamir Hussain3, Rana Abdul Hameed Khan3, Hammad Hussnain4 and Saghir Ahmad4
...tive interaction (AMMI) analysis illustrated that additive effects of genotypes, environments and multiplicative effects (GEI) were significant at (p<0.01). Test sites accounted for the biggest share (74.1%) of the variability, followed by GEI (17.2%) and strains (8.7%), respectively. The first four interaction principal components (IPC) were significant at (p<0.01) wherein the first two IPCs captured (68.4%) of the GEI cumulatively. Strain ST06 (FH-492)...
Auzair Javaid Butt, Irfan Ullah*, Shahid Ali, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai and Jahangir Khan
...tables are perishable in nature, and it requires a well-established market to facilitate the farmers for selling their produce at a reasonable price and make it accessible for ultimate consumers in preferred shape and location in the required duration. This research is carried out to analyze the existing marketing channels, marketing costs and margins of different market functio
Sarzamin Khan1, Abdul Jabbar Tanweer2, Rafiullah1, Ibrahimullah1, Ghulam Abbas3*, Jabbar Khan4, Muhammad Saeed Imran5, Asghar Ali Kamboh6
... as shortage of conventional feed ingredients has driven the dire need to search for alternative protein and energy sources to be incorporated in poultry feed. Insects may be one of the alternative feed source which can be used as a good quality, low-cost and sustainable ingredients of poultry feed. Therefore, the present experiment was designed to explo...
Tarek A. Wrshana1, Yousry A. Dowidar1, Bahgat A. El-Fiky2, Ali M. El-Rify1, Walaa A. El-Sayed3, Basem M. Ahmed4*
...ry both locally and internationally. ND frequently emerges in highly vaccinated flocks causing high economic losses without specific treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a group of pluripotent cells with multiple biotechnology applications, including but not limited to tissue genesis, tissue repair, hematopoiesis, and immune modulation. Therapeutic strategies based on the usage of ...
Mohamed Saleh*, S.E. Laban, G.Z. Mostafa, S.T. Moubarak
... step in reducing contamination of broiler breeder hatching eggs. In a closed broiler breeder farm where birds were housed on built-up litter, the two disinfectants were used for the disinfection of nest bedding (sawdust). Paraformaldehyde powder was mixed manually with nest bedding (5 grams per nest), while potassium peroxy- monosulfate 0.5% based disinfectant was sprayed in each nest. Random samples were collected before and after treatment by 24-, 72- and 1...
Desy Cahya Widianingrum1*, Himmatul Khasanah1, Melinda Erdya Krismaputri1, Susan Barbara Patricia Sembiring Meliala2
... The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and further tested with an Honestly Significant Difference (Hsd). The highest significant difference in physical quality of wafer (P<0.05) were found among treatments. The P4 group had the highest density (0.230 ± 0.16 g/cm3), while the P1 group had the highest absorption (77.60%). The P0 group had the highest thickness swelling (12.95 ± 0.0...
Ezz Ibrahim Khalifa, Ahmed Loly Ibrahim Desoky, Adel AbdElaziz Elbadawy, Gamal Ibrahim El-Emam, Tarek Messlam Mahmoud Mahdy*
...ted by an artificial vagina from five adult Rahmani rams twice-weekly for five weeks. Semen was pooled, split into five replicates, and prepared to be frozen. In 1st replicate, semen was extended in Tris egg yolk (TEY) is contained synthetic sources of energy (fructose), antibiotics (penicillin and streptomycin), and antioxidants (vitamin E), which served as control extender (E0). However, 2nd, 3rd, 4thand 5th replicates were serviced as trial extenders as E1,...
Haitham Al Masruri1, Rashid Al Zeidi2, Aiman Al Mufarji3, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed3, Ahmed Al-Madani4, Al-Hassan Mohammed5*
...lood ...
Iqtidar Hussain1*, Shakeel Ahmad Jatoi2, Muhammad Jawad Nazir1, Ehtesham Ul Haq1, Faheem Abbas1 and Muhammad Saqib Raza Shah1
...totoxic impact of functional allelopathy from perennial plants (trees) surrounding our crops in the field is our focus in agroforestry. To quantify its severity, the phytotoxic impact of popular (Populus deltoides L.) leaves aqueous extract was determined in cultivated oat (Avena sativa L.), maize (Zea mays L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucumL.), bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and sorghum [Sorgh...
Muhammad Riaz Gondal1,2*, Sobia Ijaz1, Nauman Ali1, Muhammad Saeed Ashraf1, Muhammad Naeem Khan1, Muhammad Arshad3, Muhammad Arif1, Jamil Akhtar4, Naeem Iqbal1 and Bushra Zulfiqar5
...ts palatable and nutritional nature that provides forage in repeated cuttings almost year round is mandatory to be addressed, that is the main focus of the present investigation. The recent investigation was performed to assess the impact of seeding rate consequently plant density on forage and seed tonnage in order to enhance the net return. Experiment treatments comprised of seven seed r...
Sajid Hanif1, Abdul Shakoor1,4*, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem1, Ifra Saleem2, Sajid Ali3, Muhammad Awais Ashraf4, Majid Nadeem4, Hira Shair4, Anwar ul Haq5, Rana Abdul Hamid Khan6 and Muhammad Amir Amin7
... and changing climate scenarios are the foremost intimidation to sustainable crop production. Among abiotic stresses, heat and drought stresses instigate substantial rice yield reductions. A pot trial was laid out to observe the efficacy of foliar spray of proline on rice in the alleviation of both heat and drought effects in rice. Pot experiment was laid out in Kharif season 2018 inside the glasshouse of University of Agric...
Allah Bakhsh1, Attiq Akhtar2, Fiaz Hussain3, Hafiz Wasif Javaad4, Inam ul Haq5* and Humara Umar5
...e of three fig varieties namely Black Ball, Gilgit Selection and Swat Local under the climatic conditions of Soan Valley, District Khushab; Punjab Pakistan during two consecutive years (2017 and 2018). Flowering in studied cultivars started from the end of March to mid-April. Maturity timing in all three cultivars ranged from early June to late June. Fruit of Black Ball cultivar matured earlier (first week of June) as compared to Gilgit Selection and Swat Loca...
Muhammad Jan1*, Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah1, Javed Iqbal2, Muhammad Aslam3, Rizwan Latif4, Muhammad Arif5, Muhammad Tahir Akbar6 and Hafiz Husnain Nawaz1
...xt-align: justify;">Alternate bearing (AB), is mostly common in few tree crops which is defined as low or no fruit yield during one year and high yield during the succeeding year. It is mostly occurred due to some climatic conditions, varietal genetic variability and some endogenous hormonal balance. Alternate bearing results into poor flowering, low pollina...
Ghulam Qadir1, Khalil Ahmed1*, Muhammad Ashfaq Anjum1, Quais Muhammad Affan2, Muhammad Zaighum Mushtaq3, Muhammad Amjad Qureshi4, Amar Iqbal Saqib1, Hafeezullah Rafa1, Abdul Wakeel1, Ghulam Shabir1, Muhammad Rizwan1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1 and Muhammad Faisal Nawaz1
...inity tolerance of medicinal plants i.e., Podeena (Mentha spicata), Hina (Lawsonia inermis), Qulfa (portulace oleracea), Methi (Trigonella foenumgraceum), Dill (Anethum graveolens) and Kalwanji (nigella sativa), under dual stress of ECe (electrical conductivity of soil extract) 0.79, 6 and 8 dS m-1 and SAR (sodium adsorption ratio) 5.99, 25 and 35. Each crop was grown for four months and b...
Muhammad Umer Chattha1, Muhammad Ilyas2, Imran Khan1, Athar Mahmood1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha3*, Ambreen Fatima4, Muhammad Iqbal5, Muhammad Tahir Akbar6, Muhammad Mahmood Iqbal5, Faran Muhammad7, Muhammad Talha Aslam1 and Muhammad Umair Hassan1
...e (MET) and minimum germination percentage (GP) and emergence index (EI) was recorded when high level of salt stress (12 dsm-1) was imposed, while minimum, T50, and MET and maximum GGP and EI was observed under control conditions. Cultivar Bhaker-2011 took less, T50, and MET and had maximum GP and EI while cultivar NAIB-2016 took maximum, T50, and MET time and had minimum GP and EI. Likewi...
Muhammad Mansoor1, Shahid Hameed Khan Khalil2*, Zafar Islam2, Muhammad Asif2, Ghani Akbar2, Muhammad Ashraf Khan3 and Ibadullah Jan4
...s are adapting some alternate options of making ‘Chuhara’ (dried dates) at Khalal stage instead of processed Rutab dates. Experiments were conducted to find out comparative yield potentials of ‘Chuhara’ as well as processed dates produced from the fruits collected from trees protected from rain-fall. The results show that BCR for fresh dates was 2.85, while, it was 1.06 for dry dates. It is depicted that fresh dates give double economic...
Misbah ud Din1, Shah Alam Khan1, Said Hussain Shah1,2* and Najeeb Ullah3
...ential to find out the management strategies of this pest for higher canola production. Synthetic insecticides and bio-pesticides are used to control L. erysimi. The present study evaluated the efficacy of different pesticides against mustard aphids in selected mustard cultivars under field conditions. The experiment was carried out in Split Plot Design with four treatments and three replications. The results showed that Thiamethoxam, Fipronil and Neem oil wer...
Misbah ud Din1, Shah Alam Khan1, Said Hussain Shah1,2* and Najeeb Ullah3
...ential to find out the management strategies of this pest for higher canola production. Synthetic insecticides and bio-pesticides are used to control L. erysimi. The present study evaluated the efficacy of different pesticides against mustard aphids in selected mustard cultivars under field conditions. The experiment was carried out in Split Plot Design with four treatments and three replications. The results showed that Thiamethoxam, Fipronil and Neem oil wer...
Ghalib Ayaz Kachelo1, Nasir Ahmed Rajput1*, Muhammad Atiq1, Shahbaz Talib Sahi1, Nasir Ahmad Khan1, Akhtar Hameed2, Noor Muhammad1 and Muhammad Saqib Mushtaq1
... leaf spot disease of spinach caused by Alternaria alternata five plant extracts and five fungicides were evaluated under in vitro and field conditions by using complete randomized design (CRD) and randomized complete block design (RCBD). In plant extracts moringa (Moringa oleifera) showed minimum fungal growth (20.790) mm followed by ginger (Zingiber officina
Sohail Ahmed Talpur1, Imran Khatri1*, Maqsood Anwar Rustamani1 and Zubair Ahmed2
Farah Rasheed1*, Ana Aslam1, Muhammad Aftab1, Ghulam Sarwar2, Raheela Naz1, Hina Nazir3, Sadia Sultana1, Amina Kalsom1, Nisa Mukhtar1, Ifra Saleem1, Qudsia Nazir1, Muhammad Arfan-ul-Haq1, Abid Niaz4, Muhammad Arif1, Aamer Sattar1, Sarfraz Hussain5 and Adnan Rafique6
...able crop stage and combination of zinc and phosphorus application was investigated to decrease phytin content and enhance zinc bioavailability in rice grain. Three level of phosphorus fertilizer viz. 60, 90, 120 kg ha-1 were employed with 5 and 10 kg ha-1 of zinc fertilizer. Treatment applied with the recommended dose of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was taken as control. Paddy yield data were collected and rice grain was ana
Amna Sulaman1, Qurat-ul-Ain Ijaz1, Muhammad Shafi2 and Faiz Muhammad1*
...nimal is used in traditional medicine. T. pyrum is a less known species from Pakistani marine waters. This research validated its molecular identification as T. pyrum. The neighbor-joining results revealed that it clustered with the same species of family Turbinellidae except for the individual of the same species from India’s west coast. Individuals of this species have demonstrated less genetic difference. The present findings will be beneficial for ta...
Shailendra Sharma, Smriti Shrestha, Naresh Pandey and Laxman Khanal*
...avior is important for managing animals in captivity. This study investigated whether visitors’ number and disturbance affect the grooming frequency and duration of the langurs (Semnopithecus sp.) housed in Central Zoo, Kathmandu, Nepal. Further, it tested if the effects were biased to the age and sex of the animals. Behavioral data were collected through the focal animal sampling method for 101 hours, and human disturbances were categorized into four le...
Djoko Kisworo*, Martina Safitri, BRD Wulandani, Bulkaini, Syamsuhaidi
...and 6 weeks). Data were analyzed according to the analysis of variance followed by the Least Significant Difference test (LSD). The parameters measured were the egg’s weight, air cavity, pH, and Haugh Unit of chicken eggs that were stored at room temperature for six weeks. The results showed that immersion in SSF and storage decreased (P<0.5) the HU and egg’s weight. While the air cavity and pH increased signi...
Ngoc Tan Nguyen1*, Pham Kim Ngan Nguyen1, Thao Huong Phan1, Tan Loi Le1, Thi Khanh Ly Nguyen1, Tuan Thanh Hoang2, Cong Thieu Pham3, Cong Dinh Nguyen3, Nguyen Khang Duong4
...the genetic diversity of native buffalo populations in different regions of Vietnam based on nucleotide sequence in a displacement loop (D-loop) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Thirty-one blood samples that were collected from three native buffalo po...
Eman H. Abotalp, Sahar R. Mohamed, Jakeen K. El Jakee
...oli (E. coli) are intestinal bacteria that affect people and animals like canines and felines. Pets are normally in close contact with their owners, and so harmful microorganisms can be easily transmitted from them to human beings. The ongoing review applied to be aware assuming canines and felines in Egypt are colonized with unsafe E. coli serotypes and the antibiotic resistance in these E. coli isolates. A total of 129 rectal swabs were gathered from ap...
Husmaini1*, Sabrina1, Firda Arlina1, Linda Suhartati1, Yozella Martilova2
...ness against LAB growth, namely 10,771 (log10 cfu/g) with 85.34% resistance be used as a medium for LAB growth. This study aims to determine the effect of probiotics Lactococcus plantarum and Pediococcus pentasaceus using a purple sweet potato carrier on laying hen’s performance and egg quality. This study used 210 layers of medium-type laying hens, Strain Isa Brown, 38 weeks old. The method used was an experiment with a completely randomized design (CR...
Rashid Al Zeidi1, Haitham Al Masruri2, Aiman Al Mufarji3, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed3, Al-Hassan Mohammed4*
...7hr. whereas that of ruminant oocyte lasts 24hr. Several factors affect on oocytes maturation either in vitro or in vivo and therefore affect development of the resulting embryos. Because of the significance of oocyte maturation stage on further embryonic development, this review aims to discuss the knowledge of oocyte maturation and its effect on further development of embryos in vivo and in vitro.
Keywords | Oocytes, Cumulus cells, Cytoplast, Nucleus...
Shahid Ali1*, Murtaza2, Waqas Ahmad1, Nargis Bibi3, Aftab Khan2 and Jahangir Khan1
...l inefficiency whereas tenancy status and primary source of income were found insignificant. The mean technical efficiency of the sampled farmers was estimated at 0.74, ranged between 0.52 and 0.99. The estimated production model showed the highest coefficients for labor hours and urea, it is therefore suggested that rice growers can rise their rice output by increasing labor hours and urea application during the production process. Inefficiency effects model ...
Nuraini Nuraini*, Yuliaty Shafan Nur, Ade Djulardi, Robi Amizar, Yesi Chwenta Sari
...rpillar (Tmc) is an alternative source of animal protein. This research aims to study the effect of the Tenebrio molitor caterpillar in concentrate and tofu dregs growth media on nutrient content and determine the Tmc effect in the diet on the production of laying quail. The study was divided into two stages of research. Phase 1 of the laboratory experiment determined the composition of the concentrate and tofu dregs media on the nutrient content of Tenebrio m...
Tertia Delia Nova1*, Yulia Yelita2, Rizky Machicula1
...se is to propose an alternative duck feed that is affordable and environmentally friendly. Aquatic plants belong to the duckweed family which can be found in swamps, lakes, and rice fields. This feed is classified as an unconventional feed that can be used as an alternative feed ingredient for fibrous protein sources. In addition, it contains several minerals, xanthophyll pigments and -car...
Abdulaziz A. Alaqil1*, Mohammed I. Buhaya2
...ing and consuming functional foods especially for individuals suffering from chronic diseases. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary linseed oil (LO) inclusion, as enriched-source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, on egg production performance and egg yolk cholesterol content, blood hematology and biochemical composition of commercial laying hens. A total of 180 Hy-Line brown laying hens 36-week-old were randomly divided into four ...
Sri Suharyati, Siswanto, Madi Hartono, Kusuma Adhianto*
...administration of a combination of vitamins E 50 IU and L-carnitine 50 mg (P3). The data from the research on sperm consistency and mass motility were analyzed descriptively. In contrast, the volume, individual motility, concentration, and percentage of live sperm were analyzed using analysis of variance ANOVA. The results showed that the administration...
Nagina Zeb* and Noor ul Amin
... 6000 and 8000 ppm) at Ornamental Nursery, Horticulture Department, The University of Agriculture Peshawar. The trial was arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with split-split plot arrangement. Planting dates were reserved in main plot, cutting types were taken in the sub plot and IBA concentrations were in sub-sub plot. The average results of two years showed that planting dates, cutting types and IBA treatments and their interactions significa...
Razaq Adekunle Animashahun1*, Gbenga Emmanuel Onibi2, Samuel Olanrewaju Aro2, Oghenerobor Benjamin Akpor3, Funmilayo Abimbola Okeniyi1, Olayinka Olubunmi Alabi1, Michael Babatunde Falana1, Ayoola John Shoyombo1, Samuel Oyewale Olawoye1
...investigated the nutritional and anti-nutritional components of non-fermented and microbe fermented cassava stumps using Aspergillus niger (ATCC 16404) strain in a solid substrate. The dried and milled cassava stumps were aseptically inoculated with Aspergillus niger (ATCC 16404) strain in a solid-state at substrates to water ratio 1.0:1.0 w/v and then incubated for 192 hours at room temperature. Samples were taken at 48 h i...
Hassan Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Irfan Majeed2, Mujeeb-Ur-Rehman1 and Muhammad Asam Riaz1
...ith environmental contaminations. This situation necessitates looking for more target-oriented and ecologically safer strategies such as baiting insecticides with some cellulose attractant. In this study, 5% technical grade fipronil was formulated as small beads (3.5 mm) made by a matrix composed of 65% maize cob powder (as source of natural cellulose for termite attraction), 18% starch, 6% sodium algi<...
Asim Faraz1*, Nasir Ali Tauqir2, Abdul Waheed1, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Syeda Maryam Hussain3, Riaz Hussain Mirza1, Rana Muhammad Bilal2, Muhammad Arslan Akbar4 and Muhammad Shahid Nabeel5
...re fed with gram-straws, natural vegetation and twice day water. Deworming was performed before the start of trial. Haematological and blood biochemical parameters such as haemoglobin (Hb), red-blood-cells (RBC) and white-blood-cells (WBC) count, packed-cell-volume (PCV), glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, urea and creatinine concentrations were analyzed on haematology and biochemistry a
Waqas Raza1*, Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Muhammad Asif2, Ikram-ul-Haq3, Muhammad Zakria4 and Laith Khalil Tawfeeq Al-Ani5,6
...s. Therefore, the determination of morphological characteristics for plant-pathogen may add knowledge of the taxonomic behavior of pathogen. The usage of various growth media is providing a useful pattern of the growth that can be utilized in determining the best possible control of late blight disease....
Hassan A. Aidaros, Eman M. Hafez, Halla E.K. El Bahgy*
...us. ...
Ali Wahdan1*, Mahmoud Ezzat1, Fatma Youssef2, Manal Munier2, Elsayyad M. Ahmed3, Marwa Abo Hashem1
...ce factors with genetic analysis of recovered isolates. A total of 350 random samples were collected from animals and hospital acquired infected patients. The recovered isolates were identified biochemically by vitek2 compact, confirmed by PCR and tested for sensitivity against varieties of antimicrobials. Three multi-drug resistant isolates carried ica from human abscess (A9), sputum of dog (A12), and cow mastitic milk (A13) were sequenced with other genome...
Entesar Z. Eliraqy1*, Basant M. Shafik2, Yasser S. Hussein1, Abdelwahab A. Alsenosy3, Emad A. Abd allah1, Mohamed F. Saad1
...low-cost, it considers a natural source of chemicals for preserving, also enhancing activity of sperm during different period storage. Current paper gives an apprise on the usage of garlic (Allium sativum) extract as an alternative additive for sperm preservation in buffalo bulls at animal production research institute, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt. The experimental protocol was designed as four groups (Control, ...
Veasna Chem1 †, Hong-Seok Mun1,2 †, Keiven Mark B. Ampode1, Shad Mahfuz1, Il-Byung Chung1, Muhammad Ammar Dilawar1,3, Chul-Ju Yang1,3,*
...oestrus, estrus, and pregnancy. The control of estrus and ovulation has become the main topic for a batch of flow management, and the failure to detect estrus accurately has the greatest impact on labor rate and little size. Digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) technology can easily recognize and detect animals’ temperature changes, which would be useful in farm animal production. This study investigates the possibi...
Ayesha Khan*, Zubair Ahmad Khan and Urooba Pervaiz
...g were Integrated Pest Management (IPM), computer skills and technology dissemination techniques. A small number (32%) of the extension agents reported weaknesses in the training courses attended and the predominant weaknesses reported were lack of incentive to attend the trainings, lack of management and improper time. Data regarding use of computer tec...
Shomaila Sikandar1*, Imran Afzal1 and Sadaf Sarfraz2
...nsumption of food contaminated with these mycotoxins can cause severe toxicity in human and animals. Members of these fungal genera Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., and Aspergillus spp., are major mycotoxins producers in food and feed crops. Mycotoxins thrive in high-temperature, humid environments, and they can enter the food chain either directly or indirectly by contaminating food and feed crops. They can cause infection ...
Gudeta Nepir Gurmu, Tade Bitima Mulisa, Alemu Lenco Gemechu, Kegna Gadisa Amena and Gemechu Nedi Terfa*
...Bursa, Burkitu, Adi, Herena, Hortu, Letu, T/shaman, and Weyib) improved field pea varietiesand one local variety at west Showa zone Oromia region to identify high yielding varieties. The experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design with two replications at Babich, Goda Hora, Chelia Rafiso Alenga, EjersaLafo, and Goromti locations. Data on yield and yield-related traits such as harvest index, above-ground biomass, number of seed per pods,...
Irfan Shahzad Sheikh1, Syed Haseeb Shah1, Niamatullah Kakar2*, Mohammad Masood Tariq1, Muhammad Essa Kakar3 and Muhammad Zahid Mustafa1
...lement alone and in combinations were provided as pre-starter (days 1-12), starter (days 13 to 24) and finisher (day 25 to 42) feed. Standard broiler rearing temperature was provided in the shed. Results showed that the OXY and TP had significant (P<0.05) effect on physiology of blood parameters, mainly on hemoglobin (Hb) and erythrocytes (RBCs) in all treatment groups treated till day 42 compared with the control group. Remarkably, the AGPs showed a positi...
Caiyun Ma1, Hebao Wen1, Lu Li2, Gaofeng Liu1, Chunjing Wang1, Yu Guo1, Shiji Fang1, Hongyu Wang1* and Changqing Liu1*
...th curves and karyotype analysis, respectively. The results showed that the CSPCs of Tibetan mastiff displayed self-renewal ability, proliferative potential, and hereditary stability. Moreover, the CSPCs of Tibetan mastiff also positively expressed recognized surface antigens of human CSPCs. Additionally, CSPCs exhibited differentiation multipotency, including osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic potential in vitro. These...
Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed*, Aiman Al Mufarji and Sultan Alawaid
...ses during fetal and postnatal periods and they release their matured ova upon puberty. A finite number of primordial follicles form in the fetal ovary from primordial germ cells (PG) during the first stage of fetal development. The primordial follicles consist of oocytes surrounded by a single layer of pregranulosa follicular cells and they remain dormant in the meiotic prophase I stage. Primordial pregranulosa follicular cells initiate activation of primordi...
Dong-Min Hou and Ding-Qi Rao*
... have been conducted on snakes, lizards and crocodiles. Although the extinction of some species has increased awareness of the need for conservation, there are still many gaps in research on the effects of microplastics on amphibians and reptiles. More research on the effects of microplastics on amphibians and reptiles is needed to to learn more about the potential effects and direct ongoing future conservation efforts. Fina...
Fengbin Jin1, Xin Liu2 and Yanqiu Yue3*
...tween two groups. Additionally, we also observed the adverse reactions of patients in two groups. After treatment, the effectiveness rate of patients in the observation group and control group were 96.49% and 79.70%, and the difference had statistical significance (P < 0.05); besides, patients in two groups gained significant improvement in vital signs, while the improvement of patients in the observation group was much better than that in the control group...
Madumetja Cyril Mathapo and Thobela Louis Tyasi*
...sion were used for data analysis. Phenotypic correlation outcomes indicated that SC had a positive statistically significant (P<0.05) correlation with BW (r = 0.425) and non-significant correlation with BL (r = 0.108), HG (r = 0.082), RH (r = 0.038), WH (r = 0.097) and SH (r = 0.280), while TL had non-significant correlation with BW (r = 0.009), BL (r = -0.351), HG (r = -0.147), RH (r = -0.108), WH (r = -0.086) and SH (r = 0.052). Regression a
Muhammad Waseem Akhtar1*, Khalid Mahmood Khawar2, Muhammad Naeem Akhtar3, Muhammad Rafique1, Khalid Hussain4, Sharmin Ashraf1 and Muhammad Fida Hassan1
...tic insecticides. Unfortunately, this pest has developed resistance against these pesticides. Moreover, with application of these pesticides, chemical residues may cause severe damage to non-target organisms. Host plant resistance against insect pests is considered best ecological approach to pest management. Keeping this in consideration, the current research activity is planned to screen out available germplasm of chickpea...
Sohail Nadeem1, Muhammad Aziz2*, Ayesha Mohy ud Din1 and Tayyaba Jamil1
...iodide through computational methods as well as to evaluate its antifungal properties. In order to achieve the goal, softwares like Avogadro, Gamess, Gabedit, Chimera and free online databases were used. The infrared and raman spectra were computed at the harmonic level with restricted Hartree-Fock in basis sets 3-21G and 6-31G. Molecular docking is calculated using online server with Lanosterol 14α-demethylase to know antifungal properties. The theoreti...
Tariq Ali1,2*, Kamran1, Abdur Raziq1, Inam Ullah Wazir1, Anwar Ali1, Muhammad Ijaz Ali1, Muhammad Shuaib Khan2, Shakeeb Ullah2 and Sher Hayat Khan3
...es, respectively. Additionally, it was noted that CM was higher in cattle, while SCM was higher in buffaloes. Amongst the bacterial isolates from mastitic milk the prevalence of Staphylococci spp. (24.6%) was at highest, which was followed by Escherichia coli (23.7%), then Streptococci spp. (8%) Salmonella spp. (5.9%), Klebsiella spp. (5.7%), Candida spp. (4.1%), and Proteus spp. (1.5%). The isolated bacteria were mostly resistant to ampicillin (96.5%), sulpha...
Arshad Mahmood Malik1*, Nigah Hussain1 and Nasim Akhter2
...mily size, on changing dynamics of agriculture labour. Results indicated that socio-economic factors significantly affect the agriculture labour dynamics in irrigated areas. Off-farm work has inverse relationship with agriculture labour supply indicating inter-sectoral labor migration, while family size, farm size and farming experience has direct relationship with agriculture labour supply. It is therefore suggested that go...
Anara Ryskeldina, Indira Iskakova, Nurgul Sarina , Alexander Shevtsov , Laura Syzdykova, Alexander Shustov, Yerlan Ramankulov, Marat Kuibagarov*
...emical marker of cow pregnancy is the bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 1 (boPAG1) antigen. The aim of this work was to produce a recombinant boPAG1 antigen and obtain monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against boPAG1. We have obtained the boPAG1 cDNA and are reporting its nucleotid...
Maher Mohammed Yousef Alobaysi,1,4 Turki Albacker2, Waleed Alharbi2, Osama Almogbel2, Sadik Mohammed3, Fahad Al-Abbasi4, Vikas Kumar5 and Firoz Anwar4*
...intervention. These alternations suggest to review and redesign the curricular or assigning duties to medicos under training....
Gema Wahyudewantoro1*, Rahmi Dina2, Haryono1, Sekar Larashati2, Siti Aisyah2 and Sopian Sauri1
...ark in Indonesia is originally distributed in Sumatra and Kalimantan. However, the fish was collected in the public waters of Java which is not its distribution areas. Fishing gear used was gill net with a diameter of 2 inches”.The characteristics, morphometric and meristic records are supplemented with water quality information to supplement existing data....
Fatin Khalil*, Harinath Yapati, Zainab Al Blallam, Ronia Jose
...e harsh weather and seasonal fluctuations while also maintaining the long-term viability of livestock farming as future climate challenges become more apparent. We generate new seasonal resilience phenotypes in this study, which indicate production performance and metabolic changes in response to changing weather. We examine the impact of calendar season (summer and winter) on animal performance resilience by assessing vario...
Iram Amin1,2*, Shazia Rafique1, Nadeem Ahmed1, Muhammad Shahid1, Samia Afzal1, Tahir Rehman Samiullah1, Mohsin Ahmed Khan1 and Muhammad Idrees1,3
...of HBV/HDV causes additional risks and mortality rate. Currently, there is no vaccine available for HDV, therefore, treatment of patients with dual infection is indeed a challenge for clinicians. A timely and accurate diagnosis is critical for treatment in this regard. Expression and purification of HDAg, which is the only protein of HDV of the local isolate is the primary objective of the study. This antigenic recombinant H...
Shou-Dong Zhang1,2,3, Dao-Xin Liu1,2, Dan Mou1, Tong-Zuo Zhang2, Jian-Ping Su2 and Jiu-Xiang Xie1*
...124 burrow systems were analyzed and 103 plants were used in the analyses. Kruskal-Wallis tests revealed statistically significant deviations (from the mean) in Ei values among the four taste groups (χ2 = 199.033, df =3, p = 0.000). Pairwise Mann-Whitney U tests showed that, at the p = 0.05 or higher significance level, the Ei values of the four taste groups could be ranked as: sweet > bitter = other-taste > tastel...
Muhammad Ismail1, Jabbar Khan1*, Zahid Rauf2, Khalid Khan3 and Muhammad Rafi1
...ant marker in the determination of breast cancer....
Ghulam Nabi Dahiri1, Akeel Ahmed Memon2, Qudratullah Kalwar3*, Asmatullah Kaka2, Waseem Ali Vistro4, Yar Muhammad Jalbani3, Kiran Nazish3 and Jai Parkash Kolhi5
...ined at semi intensive management conditions at Thari Cattle Farm Nabisir Road, Distt: Umerkot were used in the study. The selected animals were divided into four groups to observe estrus signs and artificial insemination. Animals of group B and D were treated with OvSynch (GnRH at day 0 followed by PGF2α day 7 and 2nd GnRH at day 9) for estrus synchronization but D was bio-stimulated and B was not bio-stimulated. Anim...
Jun Wang*, Xiaoming Jiang and Zhiwei Sun
...ies and 18 species were analysed. The following fish species were covered: Leuciscus chuanchicus (Kessler, 1876); Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844); Squaliobarbus curriculus (Richardson, 1846); Parabramis pekinensis (Basilewsky, 1855); Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky, 1855); Culter alburnus (Basilewsky, 1855); Rhinogobio nasutus (Kessler, 1876); Hemibarbus maculatus (Bleeker, 1871); Cyprinus carpio (Lin
Lei Xu1, Qin Yang2 and XiaoYan Zhang3,*
...al dialysis (PD) and to analyze the underlying clinical factors, a total of 94 patients who were subjected to the peritoneal dialysis for over three months in the Nephrology Department of XXX Hospital between January 2019 and January 2020 were enrolled into the experiment group (n = 94). Simultaneously, 94 healthy subjects who received the physical examination were enrolled into the control group. Prior to the enrollment, al...
Amoon Danial1, Shahan Azeem1*, Sohail Raza1 and Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq2
... BoHV-1. The odds ratio analyses indicated that both the history of abortion and respiratory disease as well as being a male goat and accompanying cattle were significant risk factors for BoHV-1 infection in goats, however, age (> 2 years), was not a significant risk factor. To our knowledge this is first study in Pakistan investigating the role of goats in the chain of transmission of BoHV-1....
Huajun Lin, Wei Qu and Zhuxian Yu*
...as treated with conventional methods. The clinical treatment effects, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), TGF-β1 levels in serum and cognitive function were compared between the two groups. The total effective rate of treatment in the combination group was 93.75%, which was significantly higher than 62.50% in the control group (P<0.05); after treatment, the serum CTGF and TGF-β1 levels in both groups were hi...
Indyah Aryani 1,3*, Suyadi Suyadi2, Hartutik Hartutik2, Kuswati Kuswati2
...escribe the gastrointestinal endoparasite in Madura cattle at four Madura regency, East Java, Indonesia. A total of 400 samples of Madura cattle were collected from four sub-district at Pamekasan Regency as follows: Pakong, Pasean, Batumarmar, and Waru (PAPABARU). The collected feces were examined using whitlock sedimentation methods. The specific species was identified by their morphology. A total 43 Madura cattles were infected by nematode worm as follows: O...
Muhammad Rabiul Hasan1, Zannatul Mawa1, Muhammad Ashekur Rahman1, Selina Yeasmin2, Yahia Mahmud2 and Muhammad Yeamin Hossain1*
... into beds, changing the nature and intricacy of the bottom. Population structure and length-weight relationships of two mussels (Anadara granosa and Meretrix lamarckii) in the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh were investigated based on occasional data from January to December 2020. Samples were collected from the sampling sites (Sathkhira and Cox’sBazar) with the help of laborer in the pre...
Sajjad Ali1*, Atta ur Rahman1 and Sher Ali2
...tems (GIS) were used to analyze the satellite imageries. The analysis showed a persistent increase in built-up areas from 1990 to 2020 as the built-up area increased by 57090 hectares. However, the barren land indicates a decreasing pattern of growth, decreasing by 102452 hectares in Peshawar valley. The analysis disclosed a consistent increase in the Production of crops. On the other hand...
Muhammad Younas1*, Khalid Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Atiq2, Niaz Hussain1, Wasim Abbas3, Muhammad Azeem Khan4, Muhammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Irshad1, Nasir Ahmad Khan2 and Muhammad Zubair5
... of onion caused by Alternaria porri. Potential of 50 onion accessions was evaluated against A. porri during 2017 and 2018 under field conditions. After that effect of some fungicides and plant extracts was determined for disease suppression on a susceptible variety of onion. During both years of study, eight accessions (Phulkara, Texas Early, Cylon, Sunset, Red Gystal, Rubi F1, Red Flame, ON-14133) exhibited resistant response with minimum percent disease ind...
Muhammad Halim Natsir*, Osfar Sjofjan, Yuli Frita Nuningtyas, Danung Nur Adli, Lizar Basnelda, Dimas Frisky Apriyanto, Wahyu Tri Utami
...rmine the effect of combinations of fountain clerodendrum and avocado seed flour enhanced with nanotechnology on growth performance, intestinal profile, and microbial population of Lohman chickens. A total 256 Lohmann chicken were used on the experimental diets. The Fountain clerodendrum and avocado seed flour were enhanced with nanotechnology 500 mm. Th...
Reem M. Ramadan1, Fady Sayed Youssef2, Gehad Genidy Mohamed3, Sameh Hamed Ismail4, M.M. El-Bahy1, Shimaa Abdel-Radi1*
.../p>...
Olufemi Bolarin, Sijuade Adebukola Adebayo and Sola Emmanuel Komolafe*
...regression were used to analyze data collected. The result shows that the mean age of the farmers was 45.3 years and 83.3% were males. The result also shows that weather forecast (Mean=1.42) and change in farming type (crop- livestock Mean=1.36) were not commonly used by farmers meanwhile the farmers preferred planting of early maturing yam seed (Mean=3.58), use of mulching (Mean=3.46), crop rotation (Mean=3.27), organic fertilizer (Mean=3.07) and cover crops ...
Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi
... justify;">The indiscriminate use of pesticides by small holder farmers under unregistered informal sector in vegetable farming has culminated in severe environmental pollution, increase in unacceptable percentage of residue in vegetables and resistance of nematodes to the currently used nematicides. This has prompted the evaluation of medicinal plants a...
Zulqarnain Haider1*, Muhammad Akhter2, Syed Sultan Ali1, Tahir Latif1, Rana Ahsan Raza Khan1, Awais Riaz1, Tahira Bibi1, Muhammad Ijaz3, Qasim Raza1, Mohsin Ali Raza4, Samina Sarfaraz1, Muhammad Iqbal1 and Muhammad Rafiq1
...ments. Test-environment analysis indicated that genotypes PK10324-1-1 and PK9444-8-1-2 were best suited for 2017 season, genotypes PK10967-30-1, Chenab Basmati and PK 10355-13-2-1 were best suited for 2018, genotypes PK9966-10-1 and PK 10434-6-2-1 were best suited for 2016 season, whereas genotype PK10029-13-2-1 performed equally well in 2017 and 2018. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) al...
Onwusiribe Ndubuisi Chigozirim*, Okpokiri Chibuzo Ikechukwu, Agu-Aguiyi Fortune Nneka and Oteh Ogbonnaya Ukeh
...h examined the institutional interventions and climate-smart practices of smallholder farmers in southeast Nigeria. The policies, programs, projects, activities of private and public organizations to intervene on climate change-related issues are referred as institutional interventions. The study therefore, identified the institutional interventions and support available for farmers affect...
Sidrah Ashfaq1, Muhammad Nadeem1*, Muhammad Yamin1, Talha Afzal1, Muhammad Waqar Akram1, Rabia Anam1 and Ali Mehboob2
...is shifting towards alternate renewable, cheap and environment-friendly resources that can provide long-term sustainability for survival. Due to the fossil fuels depletion and their ever-growing cost, the need to shift focus towards renewable energy resources has increased a lot. To overcome the above-said problems, there is a need to look for a feasible and robust solution for thermal applications in remote areas. Biomass g...
Muhammad Shafiq1, Tehseen Ashraf2*, Sehrish Mushtaq1, Naveeda Anjum3, Muhammad Asim4, Muhammad Aqeel Feroze3, Malik Abdul Rehman4 and Marja Aziz3
...elongs to the family Solanaceae, is an important spice crop cultivated in tropical and subtropical countries. A Protocol for chili plant regeneration with hypocotyl and cotyledon explants was established. The study was conducted to observe the effect of genotypes, culture conditions and growth regulators on plant regeneration of chili pepper genotypes (Seedex Pepper (SP), Loungi, Tatapuri, and Sanam) grown in Pakistan includ...
Hafiz Qaisar Yasin1*, Dora Marinova2 and Muhammad Naveed Tahir3
...most critical water governance issues in Pakistan. In the agriculture‑dominant province of Punjab, low irrigation water charging rates lead to its inefficient use by farmers. Under the rapidly increasing water scarcity and climate change issues, it is inevitable to assess the actual economic value of canal irrigation water in Punjab. This study applied the Residual Valuation Method to as...
N. Wachida1*, P. M. Dawuda2,1, I. U. Ate3,1, P. I. Rekwot4, 2
...s. Twelve (n=12) non-pregnant, Zebu cows with 2-3 successive calving record were utilized. Temperature humidity index (THI) determined and rectal temperatures of cows were monitored. Cows were synchronized for oestrus using PGF2α. Follicular studies were carried out. Serum oestradiol and luteinizing hormones were monitored by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Blood samples for serum were collected for oestradiol and luteinizing hormones. Follicu...
Zayed M.A1, M.F. Shehata1, I.M. Ismail1, Mona Mohammady1, M.A. Radwan2*
...animal science and veterinary research. So, the present study was performed to study the effect of different weaning weights on growth performance, ultrasound measurements, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Barki ram-lambs. Moreover, this investigation aimed to examine the relationship among ultrasound measurements, body measurements, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Barki lambs. Twenty-three Barki lambs were divided into three groups acco...
Al-Hassan M. Mostafa1*, Gehan Mohammed Sayed2
...r histopathological examination and tissue estimation of Total peroxide, malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), Catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Garlic and coriander treated goats showed significant reduction of FEC as compared with control positive ones. Treated goats exhibit no changes in total peroxides while there were non significant changes of PC, MDA, Catalase and SOD, in contrast there was an obvious increase o...
Hagar Magdy Ahmed1, Mohamed Mahrous Amer2*, Khaled Mohamed Elbayoumi1 , Sameh Abdel- Moez Ahmed Amer1, Asmaa Mahmoud Matoaq1 , Mohamed Abdel Aziz Kutkat1, Gomaa Abd El-Rhim Abdel-Alim2
...proved vaccines and vaccination protocols to reduce clinical disease and mortality is necessary. The current study evaluated the efficacy of different NDV vaccines used in poultry flocks in Egypt: live attenuated NDV vaccines (genotype II) and live recombinant herpes virus of turkey (rHVT-ND-IBD) alone or in combination with inactivated NDV vaccines eith...
Hurriya Alzahra1, Susmiati Susmiati2*, Sri Melia3
...nols ...
Rijumoni Daimari, Silistina Narzari, Jatin Sarmah*
...mation about the nutritional quality on meat by-products is very scarce when compared with muscle meats (e.g., physicochemical composition, meat quality, sensory and their utilization etc.). The meat by-products are widely accepted as edible foods by the consumers. Therefore, the current study aims to examine the nutritional composition of edible viscera namely, liver, kidney, spleen, hear...
Performance Stability Assessment in upland Cotton Strains throughout Cotton-growing Belt in Pakistan
Muhammad Jamil1*, Ghulam Sarwar2, Imran Akhtar3, Ghayour Ahmad4 and Saeed Ahmad4
...p and contributes to the national economy by enhancing exports. The yield performance of cotton is fluctuating under erratic test conditions due to genotype into environment interaction. The present study was executed at 14sites throughout Pakistan according to a randomized complete block design replicated 03 times during Kharif (summer season) 2019.The experiment aimed to assess the performance stability of studied strains ...
Shandana* and Ayesha Khan
... interview schedule and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings of the study showed that the maximum of the respondents (34.5%) were in the age category of 36 to 45 years whereas, 25.8% of the respondents were illiterate. About 64.5% of the sampled respondents were owner cultivators and almost 40% of the sampled respondents have farming experience of 21 to 30 years. More than half of the respondents (55%) owned mobile, 22.5%...
Hafiz Kashif Ali1, Iftikhar Ahmad1, Mujahid Ali2*, Zahoor Hussain3, Muhammad Ather Nadeem4, Malik Abdul Rehman5, Barkat Ali6, Muhammad Iftikhar7
...t spray. Fisher’s Analysis of variance revealed that Isabion at 1 ppm as 1 spray, 3 ppm as 3 sprays, and 5 ppm as 3 sprays produced the highest plant height for three cultivars of stock. ‘Cheerful White’ had the highest stem length when plants were sprayed once at 1 ppm Isabion. Among cultivars, ‘Iron Rose’, produced highest leaf area (42.8 cm2) with 3 ppm Isabion application, when sprayed only one time. Among the number of sprays...
Riaz Hussain1*, Adnan Ihsan2, Azaz Ali Shah2, Najeeb Ullah2, Hamza Iftikhar3 and Ranra Jalal4
...ear as promising biorational alternatives to hazardous synthetic insecticides. This research was carried in a farmer’s field in Malam Jaba (Swat, KPK) during 2019-2020 Rabi season to evaluate the efficiency of some selected botanical extracts against the key insect pests of green pea (Pisum sativum L.) and their effect on yield/cost benefit ratio. The randomized complete block design (RCBD) was followed with 9 treatmen...
Mai A Fadel1*, Ahmed M Elmahdy1, Jihan Mostafa Badr2, Mohammed AM Saleh3, Mona A.A. AbdelRahman3
...one, in a half-dose combination, and in a full-dose combination against Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis mixed infection in broiler chickens. One-hundred and five chickens were equally divided into 7 groups. Group one was used as a non-treated non-infected group (negative control). Group two was used as an infected with Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis (mixed infection), non-treated group (positive cont...
Andi Hiroyuki1,2,*, Refina Sastya Qomariyuti1, Najmah Nur Islami3, Vanessa Ayu Sumirat4, Neni Anggraeni5, Mas Rizky A.A Syamsunarno2,6
...vided into three groups, namely the control group (Na-CMC-1%), KSO (moringa seed oil), and Omega-3 (fish oil). Mice were checked for temperature, GDP, and body weight at the beginning and end of the experimental period after 6 weeks. After that, the mice were sacrificed and blood samples were taken for hematological examination and the heart, liver, white fat tissue, and kidneys were weighed. The results showed that the aver...
Shakeel Ahmad1, Muhammad Israr2*, Rasheed Ahmed3, Anam Ashraf1, Muhammad Amin4 and Nafees Ahmad5
...: justify;">In the sustainable management of natural resources, land use and land cover (LULC) changes play an essential role. Pakistan is rich in biodiversity and provides ecosystem services to the country’s population, especially the mountains of the northern highland. These areas have experienced extensive depletion of ecosystem services and are susceptible to fast LULC changes. R...
Mian Sabahatullah* and Maqsood Shah
...gn: justify;">Genus Opiognathus, of the subfamily Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) is recorded for the first from Pakistan. A new species Opiognathus nitidus M. Sabahatullah & Shah sp.nov. is described and illustrated. Five species of the subfamily Opiinae are reported for the first time from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The newly report...
Naheed Zahra1*, Saira Batool1, Mubbashira Nazir1, Ghulam Akbar Malik2 and Iffat Batool3
...nd livestock; but unfortunately, the contribution of women in agriculture sector is still underestimated. The purpose of this study was to investigate women’s involvement in farming and livestock in Pothohar, particularly in rain-fed areas of Punjab, Pakistan. The research was carried out at Thatti Gujran, one of Fateh Jhang’s villages during 2018-19. The purpose of this research was to see how many female farmers contribute to farming and livestoc...
Sajjad Khan, Fahad Karim Awan*, Zulfiqar Ali Gurmani, Muhammad Usama Hameed, Allah Bakhsh and Kainat Bibi
...nse of two oat cultivars namely NARC and PARC Oat against drought and salinity stress. Salt concentration of 80 mmolLˉ¹ showed non-significant effect on germination % and shoot length of both oat cultivars except salt concentration of 120 mmolLˉ¹, but tolerance in NARC, O...
Ejaz Ul Haq, Urooba Pervaiz*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan and Ayesha Khan
...d practices. This study analyzed off-season vegetables production in District Peshawar with the objectives to highlight the problems faced by farmers in cultivation of off-season vegetables, evaluate the yield and income of off-season vegetables and the role of extension workers in creating awareness among farming community regarding off-season vegetables. Data were collected from 60 sample respondents from three circles (Mattani, Peshawar and Tar